Raub W. Et Al., 1976. Glacierettes And

2\, ig75

a Dear Austin:

I hope that you recelyed the last packages-""r"f and ro11ed maps. I sent soonas tr had.rrau enoushcloutll stre"iiir-i3$lrengtn to-iry-io'irunt carry office.It:T^i""t^,u" iii".them to our post Nov that I an baek to iork, f iiif more data fofor the Sierra Nevada Pro j ect,

Enclosed la a booklet ttf,notes, maps, photos, several years etc. I started thls befoxe tne rrigntrlfBlru trrre1rn6 iiiiirnat Mou made.rrade. I intended tolo d.odo this amountor aEiarii.-'uo, r J,ii-iJe-ii,Ji ll:'*"1:-ii.::"e-?!base maps"b9yr are needed,and i *tffr-"::p::to do a bettex job. ;i;;-hav;-rr"n"ilii.u"prJ!?i"" Therne most_most importantlmportant thlng ln-thls 1s the-tnafj-io" Mt. Stevart ClTque that, arrurquets theloe Ll1lputrJL-L1pu! Glaciers'.Glacj.ers. fI tnouEfrtthought that you cross1191"d9" irymay vrant ioto see theN sectlon ofor theu e Mt.!r!r StewartD]]ewart headv;lfneadwall''s[aipl---Ai"iiru*ii""D anOand the smairsmall "r""accuaulationa.ccum,,rrtr^. base. rrrs gli:_19{..t.lhg Thenorarnelrel'i,,tlre t-s iJ snarp. Att the-i[ri'rur," steep ansleangle of ther easy^to.see that sn"aow-pi6t""i"ts thls flne llttle from.sunllght1:19"?1_1J,1!,ir much 11tt]e Elaccier iiltu"f,EifitJ"3stl{' 6f rlf"rf,3';"orr3lt{BXtthitkr:l?tthe day, that ff:"r:i:i:,i":thls cross seciion graphy, but shows hor,uthe southernroost slaoler; ri",a-.rr ,^.,--- ii;inl;"9.;i"i:FJ'ilT"';il""'.':"til:iffi33t"!i""i:,1":;:to the hlgh sun angle at that latitud.e. "". 13:u$lii'fri1,3i5'3;"

Please return after vou have glanced at it. I have !0anynore d.ata booklets l1ke this 1f you"ever hav; tim; to-foot at tnen,

Slncerely

Bill 1 ocT4 1976frP GLACIiIRS OIII TJE NORTTISIDE OF }IT. STEI^IART i SEQUOIANAT. PARK, CALIF.

Mt. Steltrart 1s locat,ed on the Great Jestern Divlde just north of Kaweah Gap and in the north ceniral part, of Sequoia l,lational Park, Ca1if. This area is severely glacialed and features aretes, horns, deep clrques, lakes and tarns, and several srrall glaeiers. This ls the source of the i'Iidd1e Fork of the Kaweah River, The summit is only 1) -)Oq fcpt ih elolrrti^n 6. 7 7)) nol-arc h,,l- ii Ficac hidh 'h^r'6 fh6 tlmberline in this area. The largest ice feature (map, i'{o. 2) ls called. I'Litliput Glacler'r by sone park personel of Sequola llat. Park (personel data), but there are tvo srnall gLaciers, barely separated.. Each has a sharp end moraine and lie unde.r steep fluted granitic headualls ' with about a }Iorth trend. This high steep head.wall furnlshes avalanching s uolr nourish- nent and ieLps to protect the srnal1 glaclers !.rith shador' \'hlch is necessary at thls latitude and relativeLy low altitude.

Soine reasons that led re to exDect ,Tlaciers thls far south 1n the Sierra llevada follov r

In 1938 I vieved the Kaveah Peaks from Colby Pass and noticed much deep snow. Basins vere solidly snow-packed with no rocks shoulng through on basln (cirtue) floors.

TimberLlne is .tuit,e lo\,r here and in fact is lover thr.Lnin .tny Y :l:rces far to thc norlh in thc Sicrra. De1ov tlrnbe.rline, I'he foresr is dense, green, 4nd there is l0oss on the north sides of tree trunks, and therc 1s lush undergrowth. This suggests that arnple precipitation occurs here and more than 1s shown on some o1d precipltatlon charts (1910),

General timberllfle near Kaweah Gap and Elizabeth P.ss 1s lower 1o,koo ?, than in pLaces near Tlogc. Pass in the Yosemite Nat. !ark. 'Iioga Gl"s.clers are found 1n the area and ars sholrn on th6 lres€nt quadrangle paps, but none are shovn 1n all of Sequola Nat1onlll Park, FinatLy, after ,4t:.nylield tr-ips i"ito t1e Great ,lestern Divide Area, lrith help frorll Ranger.s, hikels, photographers, and vith the aid of many sets of aeriol photographs in stereo pairs ;nd oblique slngles, thorrdh cprpn,llv s'n^ll. "laCierS and Small glacierettes abound in this area. iney took the sirn6 on aerial pboto- grapbs as those do to the northt,/ard where they are napped. Sorneof lhese small glnciers could be Lrtemost southerly in the conL,:nent3l united States,

- see aerial photo: FPC-IZS-B (fie. 1) and the photos (rie. 2). These two ,s,nal,l glrciers are modifying the giant ciique by erSding sharp, -bo!r1-shaped clrques under the steep head\rall, Notice the Sllalp- crested end mo.riites. Ine original FPC o']obo shol/s a tlace of a Lerg-- schrund openlng up. Several tones of snov and ice are seen in the t, Dnoto. 2

The Eore easterly g1?cierette (left) has a 'rwindolr'r slrovlng gray lce to sho\r through the last vinters snow, or naybe sno!' from the rlnter before. The larger glacier (right) is severely crevassed.for 3s small a glacier. The rrrough!' bare ice in the lo1'rer eenter suggests a svarm of pedestal rock9. The moralne is steepened here a1d. suqgesLs a slope in excess of J5+u, and is probably ice cored. l{r. Ernilio Garcia of San Jose State University led a back pack trip into tl11s area and reported. that the bate lce was aboul the tone or colot of sranite and caused sone discussion about the lol4rer ice area. l4any sn1ll Sierra glaciers (Raub) have slraflns of ped"estal rocks or rnantle coverlng the lower parts and thus, the lover ice parts are not immedlately recognized frorn aerj"al photos by some obsenters. liany of our Sierua gl.Iciers are not maDped compLetely on our present L.62r5oO topo maps. Tne rock iiantle has ro be seen byrr8oing aboard'l the gl"acier. Alter this, photo interpretai:lon ttill come easier in napplng the bare, dlrty ice area. Many of our nost southerly urunapped rock-mantles glaciers and actlve rock glaclers contain ic6 cores, also referyed to by some as buried. ice cores.

Triple Divlde Peak, Calif. l5' quadrangle the sma1l glaclers are catalogued by the USGS, Tacoma. Basln numbers! +32'1, features 1 and 2 'hoto date: August 1l+, 1976 (one of driest years on record). Photographs are compliments of Mr. Emj"lio Garcla, san Jose State Unlverslty, Callf.

l,,lillian H. nau!

Sept.30,'1976

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Ff tu o il- Mt, Stev?.rt Viear south fron :.:e Sopper Mine area Fie. 2 CLACITRETTIJ.\N.J PIRJ.,ANI]NT lCi: ]N THE GREAT,i[5TL'1N DIVIDE

SOUTHOF TR]PLE DIVIDS PEAK

liilliarn H. Raub (,

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[,v $, NOfES L]LLIPUT GLAC]ORARSA

feature

a From deseriptions thj.€ must be bhe ice field referred to as the Lll].iput Gl"acier. It looks like glaciaf ice in the aeriaf pholos. ?here is a smal1 recessional type of noraine at the base of it. Parb of ihe headwall is in the dark shadov of the photo but can be seen \,.iith certain lighling and a glass. This eould be called the rrwest lobet' of the gfacier. This-also.looks like gfacial ice in the photos, the hea- dwal1 is ln the shadowand can be seen the samdwav as in the maln or !/est lobe. This eastern lobe looks-as though it may have been connected to the other until rec- entLy. It shows snall noralne naterial at the lovrer end. ?he slxalI ice feature is partially in the dark shadowof the aerial photo and nay not be properly placed on the uap as to area covered. Sone guesslng and imaglnatj.on was used to place i.t in ils posi|ion. If this is permanent lce it i-6 truly lying at a very near record low elevation for this latitude. Tt looks permanent in the aerlal photos. Again t,he upper l"inits were in very dark shadow.

?he aerial photos used were purchased fron the USGSat Menlo Park, Cafif. Flight date completion; 8-27-55. GS-VJZ l+-I27 and /+-I28.

A field visit with phobography is necessary to note what glaclal features are to be found here, No bergschrund is visible iu the shadow of the headwall. bui it 1s Dossible " that a brace of bergschrund exlsts.

W.R. May 20, 66. 1-r. L-' 1^ i \r\.. ^-..\ -v- u' "--" -t\,'^-*^.,- teo

", Rtaao*f " ( l,ion Lake

S t^^*1 ',, il oneplne r,ionleolk J6r5 l.,ead ola ?anarack / /'-. Lake '. ( \ t.. I .lt I ,y' -,-u ) \\ K,N;,-,"-".'LiIt ip/claci '-./'l 22o:+ -/ TLi"[ffirE ,.n'" t\l at .-iL 'ror'.' ,tt 1 1r;;, 1( .r( e'I ^f

"t tdo

LIILIPI'T GITC]EB AREI Dlvide Peak l5r quadrangle, Calif. scale 1:18OOO t6o L956 .0 l" 2 3.o@ E--E-*Er-==lkl sontour inter"al 400 ft. Glacial featurec plolted fron aerial pl:otographs' taken or' 8-27-55. xaii Eadia1 Plotter. Uscs-to;osaDhic- bac., 1956. r:R; 1965

NOTES

THE GREATMT. STE!,JARTCIRQUE ARXA feature

East.l,lt. Stewart Clacier (gbcierette) with its present sharp roraine. The headira-11js hjgh and arcr.a!e, thus Lhe glacier is nourished by all of the snolr accumulation from this great head'rialf. This headrall along \4ibh its companion (c) t,o the west is very spectacular vrhenviewed in siereo. The lower edge of the visible ice lies at about 11.150 feet el-evation; the upper ice limit at about 11,680 feeL elevation. The headv/all r,/idth is about 800 feet across, witb dounslope length nxeasuringabout 550 feet. The greatest dimension is about 900 feet.

Bergschrund seen in the Forest Service aerial photos. Ib is hard bo see in the srrow glare. Jt r.rould probably be more nr^mirant l.r6F ih fh6-.., -c!lhh -..-..er.

The great cenLral cirque headlral1(cross section). lt is fluLed, arcuate, hifh and sLeep, 1L rises Lo over 800 feet above the ice at aboul a 670 slope. This acts as a large receiving area for snolr !,'hich nearly all slides dovrnLo nourish this low-fevel accunulation rvn-a p,l,!niFr hal^L' This great headwal,lts the mosi on the aeJ.ial photos of the area,"p"litilJi"i-i""-iu.J'iJ"uu vihether vielred singly or"""t' ln sbereo.

The main glacier, cnfled Lilliput by some park personel; not yet on the topographic naps. This heafthy (for t,he fatitude) liltle glacier owes iis exisLence in part to the great head- !{alf mentioned i.n feature "ct,. The lo!,,er liuits of visible ice lie et about 10,700 feet in elevation and this is very fow for thls latitude. The upper limit lies at about 11,j70 feet in el evati on. The main headlvall ice measures about 1,200 fee! across. The downslope lengbh measures over 1,000 feet. !.rhile bhe freatest ice distance is about 1,250 feet.

This appears to be a snorr'i or firn pocket, It rnay be pernanent.

Rough ice and rock area. The USGSphotos which wefe flown laLe in Augusbshow tr is area rs grayish. rough, and somewhatres- emb.ling'tb-d-Landstopographyfr. The',Jana-CiacierfeaLures rhis rough ice strr,rcture (1965). reveraf ,hrdes of snowto ice are

l','est I'lt. Stenart accumufation glacierette. Like lhe nore easterly headl,ralls, it is high and collects nuch snot{ rrrhich accum- ulates to lorrn a snow and ice body lying beNlveenabout f0,650 at the moraines to about, 11,200 feet elevation along the head- r.,ia11, The crescent shaped glacial body measwes about 750 feel across, Downslope length is shallow, being only about 250 feet. ILlr. Kline, ranger a1l Bearpaw};eadow sent J5 mrncolor slides which showed cracks and checks where a bergschrund would be expected on a larger body, The slides rvere dated: September, 1968. h older end moraine; the age not known. IL nay be between the last Pleistocene and the Little Ice,1.9e, or even an earli.er advance of the Little Ice Age. lt1r. Blrnan has made studies of moraines i-n the Siera Nevada. 1 The present Litt1e lce Age end moraine, It has a very sharp crest near the lower areas. j Smatl snow or ice pocket, Ib shows on the late daLed USGS photos, but is rrsnowedinn on the Forest Service phobos. the size is probably variable, Measurementsfrom these photos show it to be not more than 300 feet in widt,h, by 100 feet tn downslope l-ength. lt is probably just a snow accunulatlon below a nearly sheer headwall. k The westernmost llt. Stewart lce-pocket, or rrnini-glaclerette , This body lie€ at an even l-ov,er el"evaiion than those to the eagt. The lower ice fimit l1es at about I0,J00 feet in e]e- vation; the moraine even a liitle lower. ?he uppernost ice heads in a niche-like cirque at about 10,61+0feet in elevation. The width is nearly 450 feet wide by l+00 feet in downslope . length. It appears solid and permanentin alL photos seen to date. Few permanent ice bodles exj.si at a lower elevation at this lat,itude, so it is inportant in this respect. 1 Area of grass, fLowerlng pl-ants, l-owbrush, wltlow thickets, meadowand lret areas. l,lany springs and discharge stringers appear from under moraine rnaterial, fron joints, etc. I,lany srnaLl strearis and fall-s are seen in the t'l arear'. boih on aerial photos and bhe slides fwnished by Mr. Kline. Mr. Palner suggested some of the vegegation types. n Small gnow or ice pockelr; not larger bhan 150 by 200 feet, in exlenf,. n Talus, derived lrom moraine spillage above. The many falls and stringers vanish here to percolate into ?anarack Lake, 'irrct ^ff ^f +hic h.h

Noter The southern part of this large cirque area features a great and nearLy sheer triple cirque headwall; with each cirque dl"vigion having its own accurnulation glaciaf body at the base. The west6rD- most pernanent ice fies at the lowest elevation, while the eastern- nost ]ie6 at the highest el-evagion. The central headlvatl rLaes to over 800 feet'above the ice contact area, and slopes domward at about 65-70 o. These glacierettes nostli owe their low-level exls- tence to t,he sj.ze and Shape of this great 6no1,r,accumulation area: Nearly all of the snow slides down to nourish the ice body below. One would expect the ice-body to have a greai variabion rn nass between drought and wet periods. I fir6t-saw this araa fron the viciniby of Elizabeth Pass in Septemberof 1938; and it was Nhen that a glacier or sotneaort ot'. pennanent ice bod-ywas suspected. At that tine the naps did not show the ice synbol south of the pali.sades. ,Jor-nt sygtems criss-cross t,his area fron northeast to southlEst i several al'e seen lo cross the headwalL to the Hanllton Creek watershed.

The aerial photos used were: GS-VJZ-Ir-127ana 128 with a fltsht_ line conpl-etlon d,aEeof 8-27-55i and FpC-16-24 and 25; tZS-d ind 9 \,,tih fl-ightline conplerion daies of T-I9-6U, USCSTriple Dlvtd€ peak ljr quadrangle, Caltf.

Mr Kllllgr lranger _at BearpawMeadows donated color slIdes. ljr, tsel-I of San.Jose Stat,e Col,lgge and partner on a back pack trip. into-rhls area Adenrified wil-d flowers gr'. ilong trri Hieh-Sieiii-'rr-aii. Orater, chief park Natr.r'alist at tnJ-iiEe'oi ![3-'pack trip gave information. Mr, Palmer gave suggestions on the t,ypes of grasses and bushea in Ene ralus area. IIr. J. BirrEn authored GSApaper fJ; Gtacial GeoloEyAcross tho erest of the.Sierra Nerada, Ca1lf. This paper contiins a gold nin€ of noralne data, but mostly in ihe San Joaquln River iater- shed to the noEth. l{r. Ton Ross nentionod the low elevations of these glacial ic6 featurea.

Wm.H. Raub Aug. 1l-70

oF t4T. EI\D I4ORAINE

er,lErr rid 12. 0O at rhi point I_2000

'l giani.tic concact r150o l'"

." I "1" lcrest\

1000 llend norai.

.-l -'1 1

5 NOTES EAGIE 5COUTPEAK AREA f eature

a fhe snall ice field lies nostly in the shadow of the headwall at the tine of aeriaL photography. It may be peraanent.

Measurenents may not be accurate due to the uDper Dart of the ice fj.eld lying in the shadou of the ciique'hea- dwaLl. This is the main i.ce body in this. area. ft shows two tones or shadeEof U.gLt gray, The darker interpreled as nore coopacted firn or icei the llehter as a snorl,cover. It measures about l+00 feet 1n d6wn- slope length underneath the hiehesL Dart of the headwall, and tapering to about 100 feet it the northern end, The headwall width neasures about 1600 feet. The upper limits of the ice or flrn fi61d lies in the shadorv. Sor4etone difference is noted. The outline on the map was partially sketched in by free hand and is possibly not correct due to shadow. fhis snall lce field measures about 1200 feet across in its greateai dlnension.

These dark areas on the photos ere nostly neadowand possibly boggy areas lined wit,h willows 6r other hj.sh altltude vegetation bordering streans or springs. Two tiny snow or firn fields are noted on the northern high s.l-opesof peak tt12250r. They are not inport-

The aerial photos used were purchased f,rom the USGSab MenloPark, catif. Fliehr aate borpieiion ;;; A:r?:ti. pnot,o-nunbers; GS-VJZ 4-fZT and 4-128. Triple Divi.de Peak f5r quadrangle, CaLifornia.

W.R. May 27, L966 pcoo -, o l-?

----\.

J o

r) -qCN CoSi SCOUTPE.{K o>r.!OFA> . 1.c r"-r!-iCj'q -l r! E 5&t 'Dle rrDltll 9ak 15r quad., Calif. +a .o r .-l.r'l {J.O |lp-c$€al+ i:ouiJu !d!! .! tr (:) o O..lF-C O 160 r'lE>['f;9.$sd t' PE 500 1000 1956 ,J.C=9.a*OrpF q eort.oabo. IiI 9 9??_ ., C E +d"omRterval B0 fL. : -g63iAb Sd.&rcs$frf $fi aerial phoroeraphs!AKEII and conpleted by 8-27-55. Ka.i1 itadiai Ploiter.p1o;rei- UJGS topographic base, 1956. t0-66 .---H-- \ -r', t\ ,.ioffi" )l\ I. Heilto le 10 Lakeg I lx J I i0q I I ( lt a ) I IL s rag16 out Pesk I o I I I I I I I I a Yi a) I loSOo H, o al )) El bo:z\ o 3 I

t 12250 I I I i I \\ '|

I 'o oo ,i|' o I I llloo\ plincot Utn. ua?::"ll EIGLE SCOUTPEI( AREA ?tiple Diyide Peak I5r quad., Calif. ssalc l;1800b 1.60 feei0123000 1956 contour i.nterval 40O ft. Glacial features plotted fron aeriel photographs and conplefed br 8-27-55. Kail Radial ploItci. topographic base, 1956. W.R. 9li gl \o !0 rD\g OF F!' I .rr dc- 3! !<) ..{ rD {)E .u3 !),l: . .!i+)F

"lE>r klr ho laO 4 !0! 8..t4 r!€P. a!6 o

,rloo rJ() l, tr -n o r-r I od 'ordo (! 1r .. r.loo ri 0, r.r p E ld cl tr rD.rl tr& J.lq cra d! a L ..'l o h 3 .,.1 o*t ,.lOO o a$z (t a0 tO fr . .rl llt O iE .rl (, u) El!d t<5 PO 35q. ..lOtooe 3 ! o3 .) pq0 E ,q(do uoEt.q F d EO ar .q !! ...J c C'

d !06 !!k c .r{ h FiC. Areuace 6nd noralne above Nadilton Lako nu,aber three Located to the west of the nain gfacler€tte oR Eagle Scout Peak. Thir cirque conbains onLy anolr. W.n. 7-66.

fiS. clacial polish near ths outldt of thr big Hatnilton take showlng strlatlons. Thc ice movenent was fion left to right. Crescentic gouges lrere se€n in bhis area. W.R, 7-66. Fig. : Telephoto vlew of the head of Eig Arroyo looking southeast fron KaweahGap. The Creat Wastern Divide is to the right and ahead. The KaweahPeaks are to the left and out .of the photo frorn the broad U-shaped valley.

Fig. I Upper Hamilion or nPreciplcet Lake which lies under the Eagle Scout Peak glacierette. The nel"twater runs dow! the fac6 of the cliff in ribbons and freezes at night. Sheete of ice were crashine into the Lake durins the riorling thaw, Phot6s by W. Raub. 1-66, .E! \O Fl .p.d\o Ft ttl (! -.rl F- E Ott do O N"l .q aJo d o€. !!.rl O ! ! At{ EO ooFt Et{Oo

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t 9r -(!() l't €o I 'l,ht q, Fl at F-{14 a aro{g 1,. .r C C-l p] ii, t{€ t! 1r o) Q) o o oB FId r) EI hoq k o

p o€ t: ol:o oti (u B-O-1 .rJ o .!{) >l F o

p.otrD rDo o.c r-l rd a, b0 O tu.q.rl Frp o h fig. , left: Dr. C.Bell with back pack on the High Slerra Trail. near Mehrten Creek, Sequola Nat. Park. u. D. i/-IJ.-OO FiC. , right: BiIt Raub with back pack on the High S1€rra Trall near Mehrt€n Creek, s€quoia Nat, Park. c.B. 7-11-66

Fig. , leftr lJaterfall along ltigh Sierra frail betweqn lower and Big Hanilton LakeE. C.B. T-IL-66 Fig. , rlght: Big Itanifton Lake (8235) taken fron the trail at an elevation of about 10000 feet. C.B. 7-]..:"-66 F1g. , Left: Cascadebrtween ths 9900 ft. Hanllton Lakc and th. tsig Hamllton Lak€ at 8235 tr. €l€vation. C.D. 7 -].0-56 flC. , right: Tho shallow laE1lioe lak€ above tlrnbcrlln. Jusi beLor,{10000 fect. Notice the moraine above. C.B. 7-10-65

Fig. , left: Precipice lak€ or Upper Hanilton in thc AlDinc- Arcllc zons. Tbe cl-evatlon is just, about I03O0. lcs- stiLl floats or the water. There iE a slaclerelte abovc and on the rorth Bioe of Eagl€ Scour PeaI (12O4O) C.B. /-J.U-Oo Fig. , right: Preclplce Lake wi.th shoer wall and ice aboYo on thr far side. C.B. 7-LO-6 NorES :;uIFl[].iNT ALc. 6-71

EAGLEJCOUT FEAK AREA

A field Lri! into the Nine Lakes Ba€in by nyself and six Geol.ogy tiaJors from San Jose State Coflege furnished ne!,/ glaciaL d.i. l'^F , h, radi^h Tha irib rr:e hrnl.-n:oL \t:5 r.ha Hioh Siprr, Trail inclLding the dares: AugusL1-7, Jo71. The -tollowing new observations are given. 'I -ha d-..iFrair.a rh.vF Lrp.' ri..a i.rl,c .lid r^i l.'nL much different than lt did on a prevj-ous visit to the area with Dr, Be1l on July 10, 1966. 2 The discharge v/ac cbout the san.eas on the previous visit, alLhough lhere r/as o ljltle more snor"rin the area thj.s year. A snovifield covered the lower or outfet area of the 1ake.

3 The glacierelies were vieued frorn places in the Nine Lake Basln and it took on a different appearance, ?he observations were by 7 x 50 binoculara snd noted. a The gl,rcierettes are more e.{tensive -n vertical .lJperrance area (appear shortened lrhen close and underneath), b They are sbeep and fdirly sl,allow, probably protected from the suns rays by their steep ancle and l,igh headwall-s, c The small noralne(above the lake) is probably accounted for by the Eteepness. I do not believe that the moraine can if. r...-. d.ranc rraa r^^L. ^rfAr rl^- ira.inice 6rurt and into the lake be10w. d The view from the lJj"ne Lake Basin giv€s a resenblance to the I.:inarettes .rrea with ti,eir small glrciereLtes or ice pockets n6F^h-d ih cto6n ^l6fr. Fi.ha< .n.i .if^r1ac e Three or four p.?rallef horizontal cracks rrere seen in the snow-covered ice. They were nol very prominent from the low .-. (rrBac v r cw 1 16.- r.^-iri^6 t.L-6 bUL 1am sure that if they could have been observed from higher on the shoufders of I'lil, Stewart, that the cracks would have app- eared in much more conirast. l+ Itis glrcjerelle probrbly has not beer muchdiffercnL in area eih.a ila haiol t ^f fh6 I irtla 1.. ,\.a d ,6 r^ ir< eraah rnd shallol.,r conf ining area.

5 TLal'a,r^-F.t.itt r l6w sr,-t nicF_harsc'! r,/)Fr.,no in Lhe clear cold lraters of Preclplce lake.

I'iflian Ii. Raub Aug. 10, 1971 gnEScENt MCADoW?0 KAWEAHGAP, 20 MILE$ HICU SIERRAfAlIL

IITATERTEMPERATURES Jult 9-11, 1,966 (fehrenheit) :" itf PM Panther Creok 5Ao 7,L5 Mehrlsr Cre6k 49o 6.00 t4t. Sicwart Creck 360 8.30 Preeiplcc Lakc 40o 9.30 BcarpawMeadow Creek 49.50 10.00

AIR TWPEBATURES Eig tlaniltot Lek. 40o 6.00 KaweahGap 49o 10.30

SAISJOAQUIN VATf,SY TEMPT&ATURES ENCOUNTENED

Frelro 2?2+.29 PM Jurr tt, 1956 Los Banos 78o 6.00 PM NO?ES MT. OISTN ATSA fraturc a Stereo€coplc vlewlng of aerial photgs Euggeats a col- paet llttle glaelerette witb an arcuatc erd noraina. This lrorainc atands out beautiful,Iy and can bo yiered fron Bearpar Maedon od the fl1gh Slgrra Trall. b Appears pernanent and 04! bc vlewed fron Bgarpaw l,{eadow canp. c This has a good norein€ but bhe glacier appears to bc vanlshing. Tr.{ofj'rn or i6€ bodies show in stereo vie- wl.ng. d Loag and slenaler, probably permanent and appears to occupy a notch or chutc. It has several" Blaall€r conp- anlon snow or lce bodlcs bctwern it and thc targer lake below. Therc 1s a dark shadowedclrque to the east that nay contain nore flrn or 1c6. 6 Probably ls pernanent. It has s. morsine. It is at bhe contac0 of llght ard darker roeks. f Probably pcrDranent. It shows dirty shades of lce sugg- o8tlng that rqosgof thg past winters anow has gonc. Thls also lic8 on the oontact of llght and dark rocks. A 6!EIL lce body occupiea a nlche Just to thc wesb of feature nen.

The aerial photos u6ed were purchascd fron the USGSat Irlenlo Park, Calif. Fligbt date ;onpletion waBo-<,1-)). Photo nrDbers: CS-VJZ 4-L29 and lr-110. frlDLe Divid. Pcak I5r quadrangle, galifomia.

W.i. July L5, 1966 aolt'

b aao r.| rt ru.. 11

t r'* \/

) ur" {$[s.

2r^ "o pr.

[. l83 arl^ tplplc D1v1a. ltl 15 | quad. , Celtl. -.l'r 1:18000 fGCl0I?If cortc intGfval ,&O ft. Glsahtr faallf.r tlaat.d frn r.rlr1 tl.totrephs rd ..!|L.4 l, 8-n-55. f,ri} i.dlrl P1.utcr. toE trrpua htt, 1956. ll.R. I NO?ES

SAWTOOTEPEAK ANSA feature a Most of this snow or ice fi€td lies ln the sualltht ag tbe tlme of aerial photography. So&e end noraine nat- erlal plunges over a steep slop€ and foms a ialus €onq donu to tinberlxne. This snall iee f,leld IicE bettlra! about 10800 and 11200 feet in etevatlo!, and rneasures about 775 f6et in width bt about 35A fe.t length (nap). b Thts has the appearance ln the photos of a pernansnt 1ee field. The upper part of the ice cannot b6 Eecr b€cause of the dark headwall shadow. Ic has wcll dEr- aloped end eoraines showinE Loops due to reo6s€1onE. ?hls ice field ll€s between about 11100 and U700 fe6t in eLevation, and neasures about 1000 feet i.n wtdth by aborrt 500 f,ect in lengtb. It nay be even wider in the cirque headwal"l hldden by shadoff. c A 6nalL chute heads n€ar the top of tb€ narrow clrauo. Thls has th€ appearance of per:ninent lce and shows'the type of arcuate noraine that larger knovmglacleretteg show. ?hls ieo field lies between about U350 and L1.500 fegt 1n elevatlon. and lreasuree ov€r 1000 f6ct in width by fron 350 to 606 feet ln length ( irr.gular shapc). d Not inportant and not certaln of lts rea]ly being penr6- n€nt. It lies entirely in lhe sunlight at thc tlee of aerial photography. More inforBation ls n€ed€d. It lis! betwe€n about 11400 and 11750 feet in elevation, and neasures aboui 400-550 feet in ?rldth by noarly 400 fe.t ln length, The wrlter hag yLslted Colunbhe f,ake twics, both tlne6 1n earLy July and both iiBes lt was still frossa over wlth nueb snow sti1l fiLling the clrque. It is possibk thai anothEr l snall. ice field exlsts under Sav'tooth P6ak. Talus is ermit.d fron a shador zono higb under ihe Pcak. The aerial photos used were purehased frots the USG9at Menlo Park, Catif. Flight date coupletion; 8-27-55r prlats, Gs-vJz t+-53, b-5b, 4-1)O, and 4-131. lhese interpretations are noi flnal, nore ficld data is needed j.n order to provide revisioE data.

s.n. sgpb. 21, 1.966. REVTSEDNOTES August, L972 dlrect observations SAl^/llOOTHPEnfi AREA feature a This could nol be seen lrom any poj-nt on the tra11, hoi,rever Mr. Nakata clinbed a peak near Colurnbine Lake and took an oblioue telephoto snot inL) rhis s.aLlow cirque. A sn.lllov s.eet o_t 1ce or snol4rhugs the headvall. Little else is knolrn as yet. b This could be seen fron the trail up Lost Canyon. Mr. Nakata and nyself, Bi].l Raub cllrbed a le\,r hundred yards up t1€ opposlte slope and book obser vations, is'_ i.hls is a val'v dr"v r xrq-L "'_" Jsdrt s.1r i-.at rni< f6n+r'r6 -si definitely a permanent snorr-ice feature. M.lny crevasses could be seen. I counted 3, one abovc tne oLher, but a hlgh sharp-crested end moraine may have blocked the view of 1ol,rer ice llnits and more crevasses due to our low viewoolnt. CLiff ice accumulations lie under the clilf to the east of this permanent feilLure. It iras notlced th t nost of the vater of Lost Cany on has its source here, the stream havlng about two thirdJ of the water above thls poht. A lateral moraine covered \,rith trees lies betueen the canyon bottom and this glacierette, ci This tiny glaclerette-l1ke fe.lture i,ras vleved from a peak aboye Columbine Lake through 7 x 50 binoculars, and both reguL.r lens and lelephoto shots taken. /i vell-forined end noraine lies in front of the maln snorir-1ce body (eqstern) and a waterfall descends frorn near the crest of the moraine front, ,\bout rnidlray down lt Rivers is seen. These vielrs and notes are from an August 6-7, 1972 visj-t. It \ .".,t

\o8- I ( n o\

rnord\ine.v '.Fc- {p-.1-\. r \

+ o o rio E .! -{ dl rl r c>. -a

v re F -., l3 '/ 'lY

BA tr ht A .9' !o a .a_ sArroolt rtl ttr \O qi Mj-neral Xrlu 1,5. F.l.r CaLj-f. scal. l:llooo fcet C 2 f,00o # conisr llt rra1 40O ft, GlacUl fxslr.s pl.tt- flr serial phqtogrrF. and cqircd bt 8-t145. xail RaciiaL Plotter. topogr.iM,. buc, lttO. IJ. NOTES TLONSNCEPEAK AREA feabure a Frora evidsnce anailabLe to daie, these apparently sep- b arate lce bodies are pemEnent. They belong to the sa$e leoralne that plunges its talus into the upper end of Upper Franklln Lake. ,ts seen in siereo, the noraine appears to st,il1 contain an ice Core, and nay be sligh- tly activo, but a field visit late in the Eeasonwlll be necessary. Thls part of the cirque is at the contact between Light and dark rock6. Thls noraine v,'ith lts talue oone is nade up entirely of the dark rock of lhc Mineral. King Valley loetarlorphics, a Me[buree about 55O feet in width by about 450 or nore fest in length, b l.{easur66over 600 f€at in width and length. This is the part that appears to have an ice core running dowlt for about 1100 fqet below th€ upper part of the ice. c Snowdefinj.tel-y occupies this part of the cirque at th6 tLne of aeriaL photography, but due bo dark shadoro,Do lnterpretatlon was posslbls. Wide noralnes ovsr 2000 feet wide lie below th6 shadowzona on the north slde of Florence Peak, so ii ls posgible that nore pemanont anow or ice occuples the shadowzone, the extent ig UnXnoV,m. d This srnall ba8in contalns a sroall headwaLl or cliff, with a band of snow around a few tiny ponds. e This Large basin contains a network of joints, €ach seena to contain narrow bands of probable meadowgrass and iiny streans. The lak€, IO88O+;ust be very shallow as all of the rocks on its botLon show iR stereo. It nay be fiUing- Ln and converting to neadow. This basin rnay con- taj.! other ponds in ihe network of dark areas. The wrl,ter has visited the Franklin Lakes and pass several tj.Jnes, each tine in July with much snow stiU fiUing the cirque. The snow or ice fleld above Upper Franklin Lake eeened to be nore than just wlnter snow. The aerial photos used were purchased from the USGSat yenlo Park,_CaIif. Flight date complelion,: 8-2J-JJ1 py!y11,6, GS-VJZ 4-131, and 4-112. These j.Rterpretations are noi finat, nore field daba is needed 1n order to provide revlsion data. it.R, sept, 27, L966. REVISED NOTES

Alg\1st, !972 dlrect observations FLORE^,ICEPEAI{ AREA feature a This dry year found nost snow gone at this time, hofever this snov-ice pocket nusi be a peflnanent feature. Tt has ltrs orrn noraine-llke rock accunulation. It is assoclated 14rlthfeature b in sharing the same head{al1, but does not dontrLbute lo lhe itd.lri front. b No measurementsvere madewhile on a vislt here. Sone notes fo1low: Surface lce or hard.ened snor,rheld rnany rocks and gurface cover. Upon removlng rocks, lce was seen belolr. Mr. RJnler reported several smal1 pedestal Tocks near the upper ice areas. Dlrty lce l1e in the m1d areas, sone 1lmonit1c and extremely dlrty. Streams cut icy-snov into tiny canyons, meanderedfor a \rrays, then plunged into tlny di.schaxge tunnels. l,ihen near the lnner moralne crestr uater could be heard. st1lI just belol' the rocky surface. lhe front neasured 35o, afid the \restern sld.e, 38o. A snovr-rlng perslsted. at the western base near the front. The front of thls feature ternlnates lnto the Upper FTanklin Lake. It was noticed that thls 1s the true and reliable source of Franklin Creek r{ater, playlng an i-mporiant role on a dry sunnet such as thls one. These views and notes are flom an August 2-3, 4972 \*I1".

W.R. ) a\ ql

I, L2$2 tao

\1 ' / "uoqo"R,,A O( a. 't-1 ---'-l'Lf- {\Ld' .l \l \_ ,/ro96otr; BuLlfrog btq- l t o*o ueo3a) -\i

FLoRT C! ttl tl Xineral Kiag l5t lltr O-rrr. sc.r. irD 1.60 fc.t 0'' I I l0oo L956 contorr LraArl 4O0 f t. Giacid f.rlure! Diostaa tbc alrial phot,ogr{- - and cel.g.d bl 8-4=J5. hii, Radiai Piotti|l.. I bopographicbase. 1956. I.L tla NOTES sxoTolJx PAss AREA, SOUTHERNGREA? WSSTER!{ DIYIAE feature

Posslbly Just snow, but appears quite soLid on thc aerial photographs. Several snalLer snordbodica arE 6ec! Ln the shadow of the headlrall, the low eleyation for thl.s sBowor ice body 1les at about 11500 f,cct in elevatlon and the high at about 11800 feet, It 16 a little nore than 350 feet in downslope lcngth by about 600 feet in width. These t!,o uorainea are dstached fron the sno or lca body above so probably havc no ice corc. A g]aeler appears to have occupied this cirque untll rocantly. This cirque wj.th its noraines and sEall snor,ror lcs fleld is worlhy of investlgation w'j.th photogrephs in order to sec how fresh the moraine is and if lt ls frec of lichens. If this ice body is pernanent lt could bc about the aouthernmost except possibly several tiny snow bodies at the head of Laurel Creck. The lake does not show ln the set of aerial Dhoios used in this studyr. howeyer they were prlnted qulie dark but the lake was shol{n aB per topographlc nap. A neadon does show wlth a tiny neandering streau withln. Thls looks llke a lake thag is slowly belng filled tn and belng converted to a meadow. Thls lake haa beea partial-ly fiLled in by sllt or a light colored sand. About two thirds of the lak€ Der- sisbs and the rest shows as a llght eandy fiII. Tha outlet creek was noE clearly shown on tha photos so the lovrer part lIas not shown. A Bnal-Loutwash deLta iB seen enterine this neadow that looks to bs active no8tly durlns-ihq sDrlnr run- off. A tiny lxeander j.s seen in the teadow ivhtct looks very f,lat, euggesting that it was a lake until qult. recently. others in this area 6how the converBion fron lake to neadovr.

The aerlal photos us6d werE purchased fron the USGS cor.p]etion : 8-27-55 : printa'at t31*3rt"[lirl'i1i;, Xl*tiiile

w.n. tuLy 27, 1966 r:=.-.--4- \ lattlcrnaf,r

I lOJog

lo5 I ) lrct2w

:{-

)

) ) .f \9

SHOTCUfPISS ARET Uineral Kin3 15t quad., Crlif. scalc l:18O@ fccr0I2fOOo L9)O contour intervrl 4OOft. 0}aci.aL fcatures pl.otted fror aerial photogrephr tek.r and conDl-ct€d bv 8-27-55. trai] Radial Plotlcr. USCS topografhic bas6, 1956 w.R. 1966 I!O?ES

THE UEA'I''ATERSOF LAUREL CREEK feature

a Lakes, some very she1lo1rin various stages of fiUlng- in; being converted to new meadows. Tiny stream braj-ds and meandersare seen, along lrith the streamside vegeta- tlon $hoi.rlng up in conlrast to the green n'Leadows. b l{eadowsthat are older, some suggest that lakes once occupied their areas, but now show dark (green) on the photos,

c lvioraine deposlt ofder than bhat of the "Little Ice Age". d More recenc morain-., buL maybealso ofder t,han that of the I'LiLtle Ice Age'i.

e Active Rock Glacier? This litt,le feabure is the most southerfy of its type that I have noticed so far in the Sierra Nevadaand its spur, The Greab VJesternDivide, ( I show on my rrshotgun Pass.Area map, feature a", a body . ^ -^-îhlrr crû, ^F fiFh 1-,,,f i+ d. PU-r4vrJ is not of thls type). Feature e shows some probable permanent ice on both sels of acrial phoLos used. The whole body appears infLated and is convex upward as is shown on fhe special mapi rr0lacial Feature, Headwaters of Laurel Creekir. From t,he top of visible flrn or ice just below the Col and dovrn to tho crest, '_'-o'-(e-alp n" rar,^sa\ w_n. ilâ - orarne tr^hi ir m65crrFac "_- *-out"t 1,402 feet, nan length. Head,- wall ice or firn area neasures about 425 feet across. This body does suggest thai it has at least interstitial ice within the inflated rock body, Notice that the srlall lake at the foot of the fronr 1i6s at J6o 22r N, t,ab, f Col, probably Lhe resu-LL of Lhe conrinuing headwa-Llgnaw- ing of feature e.

g Both sets of aerial photos shou t,his firn or snow pocket along with one more jusb to the east of it. Later invest- i trri ^hs rn.l ihtArAel 01 -ne area mJy lJarran! a 1Ep to include them.

Note: Both sets of aerial photos used r'vereffown in sunners following drought winters of near record snolr rnininuns. The aerjaf phoLos used !,,ere:GS-VJZ4-55 vr-Lh a ftirhL line con- pletion daLe ot 8-27:55, and rPC-19-55and 56;iLh a conple- tlon date ot 7 -19-61+. Kern Peak 15t quadrangle, Calif, w.R. Oct 15, 1968 . 11840+ aoo

t0roo

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\/o s,t; ',{

al 7goA2l ,% tlb

$rd

I r@50

THE HEADWATERSOF LAUREL CREEK Kern Peak 15t quad., Calif. scale f:18oO0 feeL0l2fOOO L956 contour interval l+OOft. Gtaciat features plotted -frorn aerial photographE takc4 and compfeted by 7--f9--64. Various photogramrnetric methods. USGSLopographic base, 1!)6. v.l.R. f966 e @ o @

I Dl -' (a v ) (9/a\

@c @ t

9I) contour lnuervat 80 faF 425 to I | :-:-l t Ecalc x,:5100

}I,& 9-1&-196e

1o800

(- Laks 10,640+

headY{rU gnow _

lnflated looking rock nantle

Iongitudlnal seciion

0LACIAL FEATURE,HEADVTATERS OF LAUREL CEEEK Kern Peak 15r quad., Calif. ,----Ej"=

i so

I Fb0 s .S o i\1 { I$ \ -! .i i t \ *i{ : d\ -\ rA

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tit l \\w\P t Salrtooth Peak across Col.mnine Lake, Mineeal Klng ltr quad., Calif.

]'troticeI I'finl-glaclere tte, enal noraine with u/aterfall descendins inlo tuo forks. This is the source of Cliff Creek.

Telephoto view of the ice, lrilh moraire and v11lerfal1 on the east side of Sawtooth Peak, l"fineral King I5r o,uad.

J. l{akata, L.o.g6, 1972 Fj1 lr ;l