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Türkiye'de Tayvan Çalışmaları (Tarih, Ekonomi ve Uluslararası İlişkiler) İlişkiler) Uluslararası ve Ekonomi (Tarih, Türkiye’de Tayvan Çalışmaları - II Çalışmaları Tayvan Türkiye’de ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ ANKARA UNIVERSITY ASYA-PASİFİK ÇALIŞMALARI ASIA-PACIFIC RESEARCH CENTER (APAM) UYGULAMA ve ARAŞTIRMA MERKEZİ (APAM) Türkiye’de Tayvan Çalışmaları - II (Tarih, Ekonomi ve Uluslararası İlişkiler) Taiwan Studies in Turkey - II (History, Economy & International Relations) & International Economy (History, (History, Economy & International Relations) Taiwan Studies in Turkey - II in Turkey Studies Taiwan ISBN: 978-605-136-455-1 Yayına Hazırlayan Prof. Dr. A. Merthan DÜNDAR Ankara Üniversitesi Basımevi http://basimevi.ankara.edu.tr Para ile Satılamaz Ankara, 2019 Para ile Satılamaz Türkiye’de Tayvan Çalışmaları - II (Tarih, Ekonomi ve Uluslararası İlişkiler) Taiwan Studies in Turkey - II (History, Economy & International Relations) Yayına Hazırlayan A. Merthan DÜNDAR Ankara • 2019 i Ankara Üniversitesi Yayınları No: 657 Asya-Pasifik Çalışmaları Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi APAM Yayınları: 5 ISBN: 978-605-136-455-1 Yazarların görüşlerinin sorumluluğu kendilerine aittir. Baskı Yeri: Ankara Üniversitesi Basımevi İncitaşı Sokak No: 10 06510 Beşevler / ANKARA Tel: (0312) 213 66 55 Basım Tarihi: ??/??/2019 ii İÇİNDEKİLER Prof. Dr. A. Merthan DÜNDAR TAKDİM ....................................................................................................... v Ekselans Yaser Thai-hsiang CHENG SUNUŞ ......................................................................................................... vii Prof. Dr. Z. Kenan BİLİCİ Tayvan ‘92-‘93: “Yengeç Dönencesi Anıları” .............................................. 1 Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Kubilay ATİK Tayvan'ın Dongning Krallığı .......................................................................... 9 Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Gonca Ünal CHIANG: Son Filozof: Tayvanlı Shi Zuocheng ve Eseri ............................................... 27 Öğr. Gör. Ayşe ÖZTÜRK Sun Yat-sen'in Xinhai Devrimine Yön Veren Üç Halk İlkesi Sanminzhuyi ..... 45 Büyükelçi (E) Prof. Dr. Ali Engin OBA Asya-Pasifik Bölgesi’nde Stratejik Dengede Tayvan’ın Rolü ........................... 75 Ahmet Faruk IŞIK Tayvan’ın “Yeni Güney'e Doğru” Politikası ................................................ 89 Doç. Dr. Aşkın İnci SÖKMEN Tayvan'ın Ulusal Güvenliği ve Tehdit Algılamaları ................................... 105 Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Mehmet ÖZAY Tayvan-Endonezya İlişkilerine Dair Kısa Bir Değerlendirme ................... 131 Dr. Ümit ALPEREN Tayvan Boğazı Krizleri Bağlamında Çin-ABD Jeopolitik Rekabeti ........... 159 Ferhat DURMAZ Soğuk Savaş Sonrası Dönemde Malezya-Tayvan İlişkileri: Algılar, Etkenler ve Uygulama Boyutu ...................................................... 173 iii Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Merve SEREN Tayvan Savunma Sanayii: Endüstriyel Gelişim Stratejisi ve Alınan Dersler............................................................................................. 199 Doç. Dr. Nuran Savaşkan AKDOĞAN Tayvan’da Siyasal Kültür ve Değişim......................................................... 239 Doç. Dr. Serdar SARISIR Milliyetçi Çin’in Birleşmiş Milletlerdeki Konumu ve Türkiye (1960-1970) ................................................................................... 267 Ahmet Yiğitalp TULGA PRC-Taiwan-The Bamboo Union and other Organized Crime Groups Relations ..................................................................................................... 285 iv TAKDİM Türkiye'de Tayvan Çalışmaları-II, Ankara Üniversitesi Asya-Pasifik Çalışmaları Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezinin (APAM), Tayvan hakkında yayımladığı ikinci bilimsel kitaptır. Bu projeye yazılarıyla destek veren araştırmacılar, kendi alanlarıyla ilgili yaptıkları çalışmaları, bizim aracılığımız ile okuyuculara takdim ettiler. Bilimsel çalışmaların yanında, tarihe not düşen hatıralar da, daha önceki kitapta olduğu gibi bu projede yer aldı. Katkı veren tüm yazarlarımıza teşekkür borçluyuz. Bu kitabın hayat bulmasında, Taipei Ekonomi ve Kültür Misyonu Temsilci Sayın Yaser Thai-hsiang CHENG'in büyük katkısı oldu. Eksalans CHENG'in ve bu projenin mimarlarından, yardımcısı Sayın Hasan Chih-tang CHANG'ın adlarını şükranla zikretmek isteriz. Merkezimizin bilimsel ve toplumsal çalışmalarına desteklerini esirgemeyen, düzenlediğimiz faaliyetlerde bizi yalnız bırakmayan, Ankara Üniversitesi Rektörü Sayın Prof. Dr. Erkan İBİŞ hocamıza ve yardımcılarına teşekkür ederiz. Ayrıca, Ankara Üniversitesi Basımevi personeline, Sayın Aysun HARPER'a, Sayın Hasan KAPAN'a, Ankara Üniversitesi Geliştirme Vakfı Başkanı Sayın Prof. Dr. Maksut COŞKUN'a, Sayın Deniz ATLIER'e ve Sayın Tuğba GÖÇBAK'a da teşekkür ederiz. Dileriz bu kitap, Türk araştırmacılara ve bilim âlemimize katkı sağlar. Prof. Dr. A. Merthan DÜNDAR Ankara Üniversitesi Asya-Pasifik Çalışmaları Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi (APAM) Müdürü v vi 序 駐安卡拉臺北經濟文化代表團在 2018 年和國立安卡拉大學合作， 辦理了第一屆「臺灣研究講座」研討會，也促成了第一本以土耳其語 為主發行的「土耳其臺灣研究 I (歷史、經濟及國際關係)」專書付梓， 安卡拉大學亞太研究中心主任 Prof. Dr. A. Merthan DÜNDAR 教授是負 責籌辦研討會、發行論文集的靈魂人物，他的貢獻令人欽佩。Dündar 教授並沒有因為 2018 年的活動和成果而感到滿足，過去幾個月他和我 的同事張智棠秘書一直保持密切聯繫，討論出版第二集「土耳其臺灣 研究 II (歷史、經濟及國際關係)」。 在決定方向後，Dündar 教授向土耳其全國研究臺灣議題的學者發 出邀請，鼓勵學者撰寫與臺灣有關的研究論文。短短 6 個月的時間獲得 了熱烈的回應，14 位不同領域的學者選擇了非常有意義的主題，或者 具有歷史意義（例如臺灣的東寧帝國），或者是當前臺灣施政或關切 重點（例如臺灣新南向政策、臺灣的國家安全與威脅意識），或者是 符合國際與區域情勢的論文（例如亞太戰略平衡與臺灣）。 這一集「土耳其臺灣研究」的發行再一次說明，臺灣雖然地理面 積非常小，但是臺灣所處戰略位置的重要性、臺灣的經貿科技發展成 就、臺灣代表華人世界享有最自由民主體系的國家等等因素，讓土耳 其的學者也認為土耳其值得與臺灣建立更深厚的多元關係。 過去 70 年來，臺灣承受全球最集權的國家強烈打壓，臺灣仍堅持 著不向極權低頭，我們的政府與人民也因此遭遇了其他國家人民所不 曾面對過的困境。在如此艱難的環境下，臺灣 2,300 萬人民仍然堅持發 展自由、民主，與全世界重視人權價值的國家堅定地站在一起，僅僅 是如此不畏強權的勇氣，臺灣就值得被全世界尊敬。 本集「土耳其臺灣研究」發行的時間，全世界很多地方都正處在 動盪不安的時刻，很多平民百姓生活不得安寧，無數人被自己的政府 逼迫成為難民、無數人被自己的政府迫害失去自由、無數人走上街頭 爭取民主自由、無數人被關在號稱教育營的集中營裡面。 vii 謹以此一短序向爭自由民主的世界公民表達支持，也向被自己國 家迫害的平民百姓表達同情。 駐安卡拉臺北經濟文化代表團 代表 鄭泰祥 viii SUNUŞ Taipei Ekonomi ve Kültür Misyonu ve Ankara Üniversitesi işbirliğinde 2018 yılında gerçekleştirilen “Tayvan Çalışmaları” serminerinden sonra, ilk Türkçe hazırlanmış “Türkiye’de Tayvan Çalışmaları-I (Tarih Ekonomi ve Uluslararası İlişkiler)” makale kitabı da yayınlanmıştır. Gerek seminer düzenlemesi, gerek makalelerin derlemesi açından Ankara Üniversitesi APAM Müdürü Sn. Prof. Dr. A. Merthan Dündar önemli bir rol oynamıştır. Vermiş olduğu katkılarından dolayı kendisini takdir ederim. “Türkiye’de Tayvan Çalışmaları-II” kitabı hazırlamak üzere, geçmiş birkaç aydır Prof. Dr. Dündar ve yardımcım Hasan Chih-tang CHANG ile sürekli istişarede bulunmaktadır. Geçtiğimiz 6 ay sürecinde, Prof. Dr. Dündar’ın Türkiye’de Tayvan Çalışmaları yapan akademisyenlere gönderdiği makale davetiyesine ciddi bir dönüş sağlandı. Farklı alanlarda çalışan 14 akademisyen kendi ilgilendiği konular üzerine yazılar kaleme aldı. Bazıları tarih üzerinde çalışırken (Örneğin: Tayvan'ın Dongning Krallığı.), bazıları ise Tayvan politikaları (Örneğin: Tayvan’ın Güneye Giden Politikası veya Tayvan'ın Ulusal Güvenliği ve Tehdit Algılaması) veya uluslararası ve bölge ilişkileri (Örneğin: Asya-Pasifik Bölgesi’nde Stratejik Dengede Tayvan’ın Rolü) konularında yazılar yazdı. “Türkiye’de Tayvan Çalışmaları-II” kitabının yayınlanması ile birlikte, yüzölçümü küçük olmasına rağmen, Tayvan’ın bulunduğu stratejik konumunun önemi, ekonomi ve teknolojinin gelişmesi, liberal ve demokratik bir ülkeyi temsil etmesi gibi unsurları değerlendirilerek, Türk akademisyenler Türkiye ve Tayvan’ın çeşitli alanlarda işbirliği kurmasının gerekliliğini de vurguladı. Tayvan, geçmiş 70 yıl boyunca dünyanın en otokrat rejimine karşı direnerek diğer ülkelerin yaşamadığı zor durumla karşı karşıya kalmaktadır. Buna rağmen, 23 milyon Tayvan Halkı liberal, demokrasi ve insan haklarına değer veren ülkelerle birliktedir. Tayvan’ın bu direnişi bütün dünyadan saygı kazanmayı hak etmektedir. ix “Türkiye’de Tayvan Çalışmaları-II” kitabı yayınlandığı tarihte, dünyanın pek çok yeri kargaşa halinde, birçok halk huzur bulamamakta, sayısız insan kendi ülkelerinin baskısından dolayı ya mülteci olmakta ya da özgürlüklerini kaybetmektedir. Bununla birlikte demokrasi ve özgürlükleri için sayısız insan sokaklara dökülmüş ve sayısız insan eğitim kampı olarak bilinen toplama kamplarında yaşamaya zorlanmıştır. Bu sunum ile demokrasi ve özgürlükleri için mücadele eden tüm dünya vatandaşlarına ve kendi ülkesinde zulüm gören masum insanlara olan desteğimi iletmek istiyorum. Taipei Ekonomi ve Kültür Misyonu Temsilci Yaser Thai-hsiang CHENG x TAYVAN' 92-93: “YENGEÇ DÖNENCESİ ANILARI” Z. Kenan BİLİCİ∗ Bütün akademik hayatını, kurucusu da Alman olan ve doğal olarak Alman “baubeschreibung” geleneğine sıkı sıkıya bağlı bir disiplin mensubunun, ayrıntılı dipnotlar, tırnak içinde italik yazılmış vurgulu alıntılar, Türkçe imlâ kurallarına obsesiflik derecesinde gösterilen özen ve dikkat ya da kaynakça değil, aksine hâlâ ısrarla ve inatla “Bibliyografya”larla örüntülü metinler üretme alışkanlığından vazgeçmesi, sanıldığı kadar kolay olmuyor. Mao’nun Başbakanı Çu En-Lay’ın anılarında, 5000 yıllık bir tarihî geçmişten cesaret alarak söylediği ve ilk okuduğumda çok şaşırdığım “Çinliler için zaman birimi sadece bir “an”dır.” ifadesini, üzerinden 27 yıl geçmiş dolu dolu bir mâzinin anılarını yazıya dökmem istendiğinde tekrar hatırlarken, kimileri için belki çok şey ifade etmeyen bu sürenin, benim için de şimdi sadece bir “an” olduğunu daha iyi anlıyabiliyorum. Bu “an”ın, esasen, yapısında kâh filolojik, kâh edebî yaklaşım ve içerikler de barındıran klâsik ve hattâ romantik geleneklere bağlı bir “sanat tarihsel” akademik metin hâlinde kaleme alınması, o “an”ı anlatamayacağı gibi, kanımca, mümkün ve gerekli
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