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SIX DECADES OF GUIDED MUNITIONS AND BATTLE NETWORKS: PROGRESS AND PROSPECTS Barry D. Watts Thinking Center for Strategic Smarter and Budgetary Assessments About Defense www.csbaonline.org Six Decades of Guided Munitions and Battle Networks: Progress and Prospects by Barry D. Watts Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments March 2007 ABOUT THE CENTER FOR STRATEGIC AND BUDGETARY ASSESSMENTS The Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments (CSBA) is an independent, nonprofit, public policy research institute established to make clear the inextricable link between near-term and long- range military planning and defense investment strategies. CSBA is directed by Dr. Andrew F. Krepinevich and funded by foundations, corporations, government, and individual grants and contributions. This report is one in a series of CSBA analyses on the emerging military revolution. Previous reports in this series include The Military-Technical Revolution: A Preliminary Assessment (2002), Meeting the Anti-Access and Area-Denial Challenge (2003), and The Revolution in War (2004). The first of these, on the military-technical revolution, reproduces the 1992 Pentagon assessment that precipitated the 1990s debate in the United States and abroad over revolutions in military affairs. Many friends and professional colleagues, both within CSBA and outside the Center, have contributed to this report. Those who made the most substantial improvements to the final manuscript are acknowledged below. However, the analysis and findings are solely the responsibility of the author and CSBA. 1667 K Street, NW, Suite 900 Washington, DC 20036 (202) 331-7990 CONTENTS ACKNOWLEGEMENTS .................................................. v SUMMARY ............................................................... ix GLOSSARY ………………………………………………………xix I. INTRODUCTION ..................................................... 1 Guided Munitions: Origins in the 1940s............. 3 Cold War Developments and Prospects ............ -
EARLY DEVELOPMENT and STABILIZATION of the Whitehead TORPEDO
II. MEđuNARODNA KONFERENCIJA O INDUSTRIJSKOJ BAštINI 331 EARLY DEVELOPMENT AND STABILIZATION OF THE WHITEHEAD TORPEDO Rani razvoj i stabilizacija Whiteheadova torpeda Dipl. Ing. Helmut W. Malnig* Osterreische Ingenieur und Architeckten – Verein, Vienna, Austria Summary In the face of a superior French fleet which harassed the Northern Adriatic and the Quarnero in 1859 the Austrian chemist / mechanic Franz Pfeifer proposed the idea of an unmanned littoral explosive boat to the Austrian admirality. This was realized in 1864 by the Imperial-Royal Commander (k.k. Fregattenkapitän) Giovanni Lup- pis (1813 – 1875), a native of Fiume (Rijeka), who built a model of an automotive (spring- driven), line-guided explosive boat – the “Salvacoste”. Due to inherent design deficiencies the Austrian naval authorities requested the ingenious English engineer and industrialist Robert Whitehead (1823 – 1905) in Fiume, where his company STF was employed on government contracts, to cooperate with Luppis.1866 the resulting weapon the “Whitehead fish-torpedo”- differed considerably to the dismay of Luppis from his original concept It was a fully submersible, automotive, and stealth weapon, conceived to deliver a lethal punch into the soft belly of an enemy ship. Depth was at first erratic but later regulated by an improved hydrostatic device the: “Whitehead’s Se- cret”. Lateral stabilization via launching tube and fins still proved inadequate at longer range, though 1872 uni-axially counter-rotating propellers improved the situation. The torpedo revolutionized naval warfare: novel ship. types and –building, naval thought and tactics were affected. No patents were applied for protection of this inven- tion and the k.k. Marine waived any priority claims. -
Robert Whitehead – the English Engineer
I. međunarodna konferencija u povodu 150. obljetnice tvornice torpeda u Rijeci i očuvanja riječke industrijske baštine 85 ROBERT WHITEHEAD – THE ENGLISH ENGINEER Edwyn Gray Research service, Attleborough, England When Robert Whitehead died on November 14th 1905 the Times newspaper drew attention to his lack of official recognition in England and observed: ‘Quite unaccountably (his invention) has brought him no public recognition in the form of honours or distinctions he received (an) abundance, but he must have felt, as we believe he did, that the neglect of his own country was thereby rendered the more conspicuous’.(1) Despite the publication of Robert’s biography in 1975 followed by the enlarged edition issued by the Naval Institute Press in 1991, his engineering achievements and his influence on naval warfare remain largely unacknowledged and unremembered in Britain beyond the restricted circles of naval history enthusiasts. It is ironic, therefore, that in has fallen to Croatia, and in particular, Rijeka, to honour him in this conference. Family letters reveal that the ‘old gentleman’ relished the glittering foreign honours he received from all over the world during his lifetime and I am quite sure he would have been both astonished and pleased by this tribute to his work by the citizens of Rijeka whom he truly loved, respected, and admired.(2) In a letter to her brother James, Whitehead’s daughter Alice revealed her father’s delithted reaction to various proposals by the local townspeople to honour him when he paid off the debts of the bankrupt Stabilmento Tecnico Fiumano on purchasing the factory in 1875 although he was under no legal obligation to do so. -
Phö Torpedo Rijeka
PHÖ TORPEDO RIJEKA VII. MEĐUNARODNA KONFERENCIJA О INDUSTRIJSKOJ BAŠTINI posvećena temi TORPEDO - POVIJEST I BAŠTINA 150. GODIŠNJICA IZUMA LUPPIS-WHITEHEADOVA TORPEDA 7th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE Thematically related to: TORPEDO - HISTORY AND HERITAGE 150™ ANNIVERSARY OF THE INVENTION OF THE “LUPPIS-WHITEHEAD” TORPEDO Rijeka, 19.-21. svibnja 2016. / Rijeka, 21th May, 2016 VII. MEĐUNARODNA KONFERENCIJA О INDUSTRIJSKOJ BAŠTINI / 7th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE VII. MEĐUNARODNA KONFERENCIJA О INDUSTRIJSKOJ BAŠTINI 7th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE Nakladnik / Publisher Pro Torpedo Rijeka Udruga za promicanje i očuvanje riječke industrijske baštine Society for Promotion and Protection of Rijekas Industrial Heritage Rijeka, Hrvatska Za nakladnika / For the publisher Velid Đekič Urednik / Editor Miljenko Smokvina Prijevod / Translation Tatjana Dunatov Lektura i korektura / Language editing and proofreading Gordana Ožbolt Priprema za tisak / Layout Tempora, Rijeka Oblikovanje naslovnice / Cover design Ivica Oreb, Studio Oblik Rijeka Tisak / Printed by Intergrafika TTŽ d.o.o., Zagreb Naklada / Edition 150 primjeraka /150 pcs Tiskano 2016. / Printed 2016 ______________________________________ ISSN 1848-4794 ZBORNIK SAŽETAKA COLLECTION OF SUMMARIES Rijeka, 2016. VII. MEĐUNARODNA KONFERENCIJA О INDUSTRIJSKOJ BAŠTINI / 7* INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE POČASNI ODBOR / HONORARY COMMITTEE Predsjednica / President Kolinda Grabar Kitarović, predsjednica Republike Hrvatske Članovi Počasnog odbora / Members oF the Honorary Committee prof. dr. sc. Vladimir Andročec, dipi, ing., predsjednik Akademije tehničkih znanosti Republike Hrvatske mr. sc. Sanko Bakija, dipi, ing., državni službenik, Ministarstvo obrane Republike Hrvatske general-pukovnik dr. sc. Slavko Barić, zapovjednik Hrvatskog vojnog učilišta Petar Zrinski dr. sc. Biserka Dumbović Bilušić, dipi. ing. arh., pročelnica Konzervatorskog odjela u Rijeci, Ministarstvo kulture Republike Hrvatske akademik prof. emer. dr. -