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SIX DECADES OF GUIDED MUNITIONS AND BATTLE NETWORKS: PROGRESS AND PROSPECTS Barry D. Watts Thinking Center for Strategic Smarter and Budgetary Assessments About Defense www.csbaonline.org Six Decades of Guided Munitions and Battle Networks: Progress and Prospects by Barry D. Watts Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments March 2007 ABOUT THE CENTER FOR STRATEGIC AND BUDGETARY ASSESSMENTS The Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments (CSBA) is an independent, nonprofit, public policy research institute established to make clear the inextricable link between near-term and long- range military planning and defense investment strategies. CSBA is directed by Dr. Andrew F. Krepinevich and funded by foundations, corporations, government, and individual grants and contributions. This report is one in a series of CSBA analyses on the emerging military revolution. Previous reports in this series include The Military-Technical Revolution: A Preliminary Assessment (2002), Meeting the Anti-Access and Area-Denial Challenge (2003), and The Revolution in War (2004). The first of these, on the military-technical revolution, reproduces the 1992 Pentagon assessment that precipitated the 1990s debate in the United States and abroad over revolutions in military affairs. Many friends and professional colleagues, both within CSBA and outside the Center, have contributed to this report. Those who made the most substantial improvements to the final manuscript are acknowledged below. However, the analysis and findings are solely the responsibility of the author and CSBA. 1667 K Street, NW, Suite 900 Washington, DC 20036 (202) 331-7990 CONTENTS ACKNOWLEGEMENTS .................................................. v SUMMARY ............................................................... ix GLOSSARY ………………………………………………………xix I. INTRODUCTION ..................................................... 1 Guided Munitions: Origins in the 1940s............. 3 Cold War Developments and Prospects ............ -
EARLY DEVELOPMENT and STABILIZATION of the Whitehead TORPEDO
II. MEđuNARODNA KONFERENCIJA O INDUSTRIJSKOJ BAštINI 331 EARLY DEVELOPMENT AND STABILIZATION OF THE WHITEHEAD TORPEDO Rani razvoj i stabilizacija Whiteheadova torpeda Dipl. Ing. Helmut W. Malnig* Osterreische Ingenieur und Architeckten – Verein, Vienna, Austria Summary In the face of a superior French fleet which harassed the Northern Adriatic and the Quarnero in 1859 the Austrian chemist / mechanic Franz Pfeifer proposed the idea of an unmanned littoral explosive boat to the Austrian admirality. This was realized in 1864 by the Imperial-Royal Commander (k.k. Fregattenkapitän) Giovanni Lup- pis (1813 – 1875), a native of Fiume (Rijeka), who built a model of an automotive (spring- driven), line-guided explosive boat – the “Salvacoste”. Due to inherent design deficiencies the Austrian naval authorities requested the ingenious English engineer and industrialist Robert Whitehead (1823 – 1905) in Fiume, where his company STF was employed on government contracts, to cooperate with Luppis.1866 the resulting weapon the “Whitehead fish-torpedo”- differed considerably to the dismay of Luppis from his original concept It was a fully submersible, automotive, and stealth weapon, conceived to deliver a lethal punch into the soft belly of an enemy ship. Depth was at first erratic but later regulated by an improved hydrostatic device the: “Whitehead’s Se- cret”. Lateral stabilization via launching tube and fins still proved inadequate at longer range, though 1872 uni-axially counter-rotating propellers improved the situation. The torpedo revolutionized naval warfare: novel ship. types and –building, naval thought and tactics were affected. No patents were applied for protection of this inven- tion and the k.k. Marine waived any priority claims. -
Robert Whitehead – the English Engineer
I. međunarodna konferencija u povodu 150. obljetnice tvornice torpeda u Rijeci i očuvanja riječke industrijske baštine 85 ROBERT WHITEHEAD – THE ENGLISH ENGINEER Edwyn Gray Research service, Attleborough, England When Robert Whitehead died on November 14th 1905 the Times newspaper drew attention to his lack of official recognition in England and observed: ‘Quite unaccountably (his invention) has brought him no public recognition in the form of honours or distinctions he received (an) abundance, but he must have felt, as we believe he did, that the neglect of his own country was thereby rendered the more conspicuous’.(1) Despite the publication of Robert’s biography in 1975 followed by the enlarged edition issued by the Naval Institute Press in 1991, his engineering achievements and his influence on naval warfare remain largely unacknowledged and unremembered in Britain beyond the restricted circles of naval history enthusiasts. It is ironic, therefore, that in has fallen to Croatia, and in particular, Rijeka, to honour him in this conference. Family letters reveal that the ‘old gentleman’ relished the glittering foreign honours he received from all over the world during his lifetime and I am quite sure he would have been both astonished and pleased by this tribute to his work by the citizens of Rijeka whom he truly loved, respected, and admired.(2) In a letter to her brother James, Whitehead’s daughter Alice revealed her father’s delithted reaction to various proposals by the local townspeople to honour him when he paid off the debts of the bankrupt Stabilmento Tecnico Fiumano on purchasing the factory in 1875 although he was under no legal obligation to do so. -
Torpedo In Ention of Croatian Mind and Spirit
Photo by Tomislav Brandt Photo by Tomislav N O 2 2 YEARYEA 1 1 T O BOECR 2 0 1 9 anniversary TORPEDO IN ENTION OF CROATIAN MIND AND SPIRIT T e n t y Y a r s f C o a t i a n S l d i e r s ’ P r t i c i p a t i o n n WINGS OF STORM WINGS PEACEKEEPING MISSIONS AND OPERATIONS 1 5 YEARS OF internatio nal ilitary xercise IMMEDIATE RESPONSE DEMONSTRATION OF 19 POWER AND UNITY cover_Cromil_22.indd 1 15/10/2019 13:15 Cover by Mladen Čobanović IN THIS ISSUE Text by Domagoj Vlahović Photo by Mladen Čobanović bilateral military exercise croatian military magazine AS PART OF THE CROATIAN AND BRITISH ARMIES’ SEVENTH BILATERAL EXERCISE, MEMBERS OF THE 2ND MECHANIZED BATTALION GRO MOVI THUNDERS AND THE QUEEN’S OWN YEOMANRY DEMONSTRATED AN ATTACK ON A FORTIFIED ENEMY POSITION AND AN AMBUSH OF AN INFANTRY PATROL AT THE CRVENA ZEMLJA RED LAND TRAINING AREA… Queen’s Own Yeomanry The usage of the word yeoman was fi rst recorded c. 1300. Originally, it denoted a freeholder, ranking just below a nobleman. In later usage, it referred to a servant in a royal or noble household. The Queen’s Own Yeomanry is a light cavalry reconnais- sance regiment of the UK’s Army Reserve. Overall, there are four regiments in the British Army Reserve with the traditional term yeomanry in their title. The Queen’s Own Yeomanry has been active since 1971. It is made up of fi ve units from the Midlands, north of England and south-west of Scotland comprising reser- vists who serve in various parts of the world, if required. -
Torpedo Rijeka
PEDO RIJEKA PRO TORPEDO RIJEKA VII. MEĐUNARODNA KONFERENCIJA O INDUSTRIJSKOJ BAŠTINI posvećena temi TORPEDO – POVIJEST I BAŠTINA 150. Godišnjica IZuma Luppis-WhITEHeadova torpeda 7th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE Thematically related to: TORPEDO – HISTORY AND HERITAGE 150TH Anniversary of THE Invention of THE “Luppis-WhITEHEAD” Torpedo Rijeka, 19. – 21. svibnja 2016. / Rijeka, 19th – 21th May, 2016 VII. međunarodna konferencija O industrijskoj baštini / 7th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE VII. MEĐUNARODNA KONFERENCIJA O INDUSTRIJSKOJ BAŠTINI 7th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE Nakladnik / Publisher Pro Torpedo Rijeka Udruga za promicanje i očuvanje riječke industrijske baštine Society for Promotion and Protection of Rijeka’s Industrial Heritage Rijeka, Hrvatska Za nakladnika / For the publisher Velid Đekić Urednik / Editor Miljenko Smokvina Prijevod / Translation Tatjana Dunatov Lektura i korektura / Language editing and proofreading Gordana Ožbolt Priprema za tisak / Layout Tempora, Rijeka Oblikovanje naslovnice / Cover design Ivica Oreb, Studio Oblik Rijeka Tisak / Print Tiskara Helvetica, Rijeka Naklada / Edition 150 primjeraka / 150 pcs Tiskano 2016. / Printed 2016 PEDO RIJEKA PRO TORPEDO RIJEKA ISSN 1848-4794 ZBORNIK SAŽETAKA COLLECTION OF SUMMARIES Rijeka, 2016. VII. međunarodna konferencija O industrijskoj baštini / 7th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE POčaSNI ODBOR / HONORARY COMMITTEE Predsjednica / President Kolinda Grabar Kitarović, predsjednica Republike Hrvatske članovi Počasnog odbora / Members of the Honorary Committee prof. dr. sc. Vladimir Andročec, dipl. ing., predsjednik Akademije tehničkih znanosti Republike Hrvatske mr. sc. Sanko Bakija, dipl. ing., državni službenik, Ministarstvo obrane Republike Hrvatske general-pukovnik dr. sc. Slavko Barić, zapovjednik Hrvatskog vojnog učilišta Petar Zrinski dr. sc. Biserka Dumbović Bilušić, dipl. ing. arh., pročelnica Konzervatorskog odjela u Rijeci, Ministarstvo kulture Republike Hrvatske akademik prof. -
Pa3529data.Pdf
{:, \ F f) Httt2~ PHILJt HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD ,,,.,_ 7 U.S.S. OLYMPIA HAER No. PA-428 Location: At the Independence Seaport Museum, Penn's Landing, 211 South Columbus Boulevard & Walnut Street on the Delaware River, in the City of Philadelphia, County of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Zone Easting Northing UTM Coordinates: 18 487292 4421286 Quad: Philadelphia, PA. - N.J. 1:24000 Dates of Construction: Authorized September 7, 1888, Keel laid June 17, 1891, Launched November 5, 1892, Commissioned February 5, 1895 Builder: Union Iron Works, San Francisco, California Official Number: C-6 (original designation) Cost: $1,796,000 Specifications: Protected cruiser, displacement 5870 tons, length 344 feet, beam 53 feet, draft 21.5 feet, maximum speed 21.686 knots, 6 boilers producing 17,313 horsepower. twin screws-triple expansion engines. Original Armament: 4 - 8 11 rifles 14 - 6 pounders 10 - 5" rifles 6 - 1 pounders 6 - torpedo tubes Complement: 34 officers; 440 enlisted men Present Owner: Independence Seaport Museum, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Present Use: Decommissioned. National memorial and maritime museum. Significance: U.S.S. Olympia is a partially armored or protected cruiser which was constructed as part of a congressional program to build a new steel United States navy prior to the tum of the century. Her innovative design incorporated modern armament, high speed engines and armor shielding the magazines and propulsion machinery. She is the oldest extant steel hulled warship in the world. The U.S.S. Olympia was the flagship of Admiral George Dewey's victorious task force at the battle of Manila Bay on May 1, 1898. During the first two decades of the 19th century she protected American lives and interests in Panama, Dominican Republic, Murmansk (Russia), Croatia and Serbia. -
DOMETI 1-4 DOMETI Godina 30
DOMETI 1-4 DOMETI Godina 30. broj I. – IV. 2019. DOMETI smotra su Ogranka Matice hrvatske u Rijeci koju novčano podupire Primorsko-goranska županija, Upravni odjel za kulturu, sport i tehničku kulturu Grad Rijeka, Odjel gradske uprave za kulturu DOMETI znanstveno-kulturna smotra Ogranka Matice hrvatske u Rijeci Osnivač i nakladnik Ogranak Matice hrvatske u Rijeci Za nakladnika Goran Crnković Glavni urednik Goran Crnković Uredništvo Goran Crnković (povijest) Mladen Urem (književnost) Slika na naslovnici Ivan Lupis Vukić (Rijeka, 28. siječnja 1813. – Torriggia, 11. siječnja 1875.), hrvatski izumitelj i pomorski časnik austro-ugarske mornarice, rođen u Rijeci, a porijeklom iz pelješke pomorske obitelji Lupis (Vukić) iz mjesta Donje Nakovane. Tehnička urednica Doris Brusić Jezični ispravci Mladen Urem Tisak 3 Dreams d.o.o. Rijeka Naslov uredništva 51 000 Rijeka, Korzo 28/IV. kat Telefon: 051/338-499, telefax: 051/211-783 Grafička priprema Inter Tinny Grafic, Viškovo Naklada 300 primjeraka Rukopisi i fotografije ne vraćaju se. Cijena 60 kn Uplata u kunama na rn.: (2402006) – (1100138560) kod Erste banke d.d. – Rijeka PRINTED IN CROATIA ● prosinac 2019. Dometi Ogranak Matice hrvatske u Rijeci Rijeka 2019. KAZALO Goran Crnković Riječ urednika . 7 TEMAT Vinicije B. Lupis O pelješkoj obitelji Lupis iz Nakovane i njenom riječkom ogranku . .11 BAŠTINA Christian Grailach Crkve, kapelice i križevi na Drenovi . 53 IZVORI Zorica Manojlović Zlatko Špoljar na Kvarneru (Iskustva, prizori, suradnje, kamerom, slovom i notom) . 83 KRITIČKI PRISTUPI Đuro Vidmarović Književnica Ljubica Kolarić-Dumić . .133 stvaRalaštvo Ljubica Kolarić-Dumić Krvavi Badnjak . 143 PRIKaZI Vinicije B. Lupis Napokon cjelovito monografsko djelo o renesansnoj glazbi i kulturi kod Hrvata . -
Rijeka's Torpedo Launch Pad Station Preservation
RIJEKA’S TORPEDO LAUNCH PAD STATION PRESERVATION Ivan Marović University of Rijeka, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Rijeka, Croatia [email protected] Ivica Završki University of Zagreb, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Zagreb, Croatia [email protected] Diana Car-Pušić University of Rijeka, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Rijeka, Croatia [email protected] From the middle of 19th century till the middle of 20th century Rijeka’s industrial developments were known world wide. One such unique and genuine development for sure is a torpedo. Every torpedo had to pass very difficult testing processes therefore it was necessary to build such facility which enabled simulation of all launch positions. Today, Torpedo launch pad station facility has attribute of cultural good although is rather devastated. Consequently, this paper will give an overview of what should have been done and was not, and an overview of what is being done to salvage and preserve such an important and unique monument of technological activities of Rijeka and its citizens that endures time. KEYWORDS: industrial heritage, maintenance management, preservation, reuse. INTRODUCTION City of Rijeka is situated on the shore of Kvarner bay, the northernmost part of Adriatic Sea, where the Mediterranean is closest to the countries of middle Europe. As being in background of Kvarner, Dinaric Alps are at lowest altitude therefore is the easiest crossover from sea side deeper into land towards European countries. Good geographical position of Rijeka provided good communication post, which was first noticed by Romans and Greeks, and can be found in charts of famous chart maker Claudius Ptolemaeus. Industrial developments in Rijeka are strictly connected with developments which followed the Industrial Revolution such as development of steam engine. -
Development of the Whitehead Torpedo in Rijeka and the Impact to the World Navies
I. međunarodna konferencija u povodu 150. obljetnice tvornice torpeda u Rijeci i očuvanja riječke industrijske baštine 105 DEVELOPMENT OF THE WHITEHEAD TORPEDO IN RIJEKA AND THE IMPACT TO THE WORLD NAVIES Nikolaus A. Sifferlinger, dipl. ing. St. Stefan, Austria INTRODUCTION The new automotive “fish torpedo” developed by Robert Whitehead in Rijeka/Fiume had a major influence on the naval situation and within ten years all important navies had taken licences to use the Whitehead torpedo. This paper focuses on the development and the following “race” to introduce the torpedo in the major navies. It is based mainly on sources from Austria, Germany, Great Britain, Italy and the USA. Excellent publications on the history of the torpedo and the Whitehead Factory are from Edwyn Gray1 and from Antonio Casali/Marina Cattaruzza2. The Torpedo Factory in Rijeka was one of the leading research and production facilities until 1914 and the torpedo itself is still a major naval weapon in the 21st century. THE EARLY DEVICES The idea to attack ships or objects by explosives is old and floating mines were used a long time. Examples are the mining vessels used by the Italian engineer Frederico Gianibelli to blow up the Spanish barrier across the river Scheldt3 in 1585 or the concept of the spar torpedo by the Dutchman Cornelius von Drebbel, demonstrated at the river Thames as early as 1620 in front of King James I. 1 Gray Edwyn, The Devil´s Device, Robert Whitehead and the History of the Torpedo, 1991. Hereafter cited as Gray 2 Casali Antonio, Cattaruzza Marina, Sotto i mari del mondo, La Whitehead 1875-1999. -
Music Therapy & Dealing with Stress
Your Mission, Your Voice today The magazineFRA of the Fleet Reserve Association JUNE 2018 MUSIC THERAPY & DEALING INSIDE: WITH STRESS 4 Storming Capitol Hill 8 Legislative Updates 26 Naval Undersea Museum Kazan Law is a nationally recognized leader in asbestos litigation. For over 44 years we have been honored to serve sea service veterans and their families in their fight for justice against the big corporations responsible for the harm caused by in-service and civilian life asbestos exposure. KAZAN, McCLAIN SATTERLEY & GREENWOOD (888) 879-1691 A PROFESSIONAL LAW CORPORATION 4ye4ars KazanLaw.com/fram Helping Asbestos Victims Since 1974 ANNIVERSARY contents June 2018 volume 97 number 6 The objective is to allow the veteran to adjust to his “new normal.” It is not uncommon to see recovery progress rapidly once the veteran has developed mechanisms to cope with traumatic memory. features Dealing with Stress: One Chord at a Time The Department of Defense integrated music therapy into rehabilitation as early as 1945. Today music therapy has developed into a profession and as an accepted clinical approach to dealing 16 with PTSD and TBI. The World Beneath The Waves: The U.S. Naval Undersea Museum The Naval Undersea Museum is an official naval museum located at Keyport, Washington. The museum is one of the 10 Navy museums that are operated by the Naval History & Heritage 26 Command. departments 2 Communications 38 Shipmate News LOYALTY, PROTECTION 4 Storming the Hill 40 Auxiliary of the FRA News AND SERVICE National Chaplain Gale Nathan 6 Shipmate Forum FRA is a congres- 8 ON & OFF Capitol Hill 42 TAPS sionally chartered, 44 Reunions/Looking For… nonprofit organiza- Legislative update tion advocating 34 Calendar 46 Finance Matters on Capitol Hill for 36 Membership Matters Planning a retirement timeline current and former enlisted members 48 FRA Profile of the U.S. -
„Luppis I Whitehead Luppis and Whitehead
Izložba „Luppis i Whitehead građani Rijeke, građani svijeta“ u sklopu obilježavanja 150. obljetnice torpeda i 7. međunarodne konferencije o industrijskoj baštini Izložba otvorena od 18. do 25. 5. 2016. The Exhibition Luppis and Whitehead Citizens of Rijeka, Citizens of the World Celebrating the 150th Anniversary of the Invention of the Torpedo and 7th International Industrial Heritage Conference Exhibition open from 18th to 25th May 2016 Sveučilišna knjižnica Rijeka uključila se University Library Rijeka joined the marking of the organizacijom izložbe publikacija iz svog fonda 150th anniversary of Torpedo and the 7th pod nazivom „Luppis i Whitehead – građani Rijeke, International Industrial heritage Conference by građani svijeta“ u obilježavanje 150. obljetnice organizing an exibition of publications from its torpeda i 7. međunarodne konferencije o collection entitled „Luppis and Whitehead – industrijskoj baštini, koja se održava u Rijeci od 19. citiziens of Rijeka, citizens of the world“. do 21. svibnja 2016. godine. On the occasion of the 150th anniversary of Torpedo and the 7th International Industrial Kroz izloženu građu iz fonda Sveučilišne knjižnice Heritage Conference, the University Library Rijeka ostvaren je pokušaj simulacije osobnih knjižnica an exhibition of publications from its collection Ivana Luppisa i Roberta Whiteheada entitled “Luppis and Whitehead – citizens of predstavljanjem izbora knjiga, časopisa i novina Rijeka, citizens of the world”. dostupnih u Rijeci u njihovo vrijeme. Izložbom se pokušalo ukazati na bogatstvo izvora za The exhibited materials from the University proučavanje industrijske baštine u Rijeci s Library's collection, attempt to simulate Luppis's posebnim naglaskom na tehničko područje i and Whitehead’s personal libraries by presenting a područje torpedistike koje posjeduje Sveučilišna selection of books, periodicals and newspapers knjižnica Rijeka. -
Republic of Fiume D'annunzio RS
Fiume/ Rijeka The quest of (national/imaginary) identity Prof Raymond Saner, Zadar, 2010 CSEND All rights reserved 2009 Objective of this presentation Relations between Art and Politics can be ambiguous, resulting at times in constructive or destructive ends Should art be used for political goals? Should politics be used to achieve artistic success? When does a mix of both ends in narcissistic self agrandisement or worse in tyrrany and wanton violence? The Republic of Fiume was a unique moment in modern history where art & politics & creativity mixed with narcissism, early fascism, and early forms of ideological indoctrination of the masses. This presentation attempts to provide some answers to the above questions CSEND All rights reserved 2009 …identity? CSEND All rights reserved 2009 How Identity is linked to this place… • Possesion : of the citizens of the freestate, of D’Annunzio, of fascist Italy, of communist Yougoslavia, and now of democratic Croatia. • Creations : of the Freestate, of an Ideal-state of Poet/nationalist D’Annunzio, Province of Yugoslavia/Croatia/Istria, new free state dream of people living in exil • Choices: to occupy/protect/invade/leave (and choose exil) • Values: nationalist, fascist, communist, democratic-capitalist, Judeo-christian, humanist ??? CSEND All rights reserved 2009 Free state of Fiume 1719: Karl VI: declares free port (“freestate”) 1719- WW-I: autonomy, special status in Austria-Hungary 1818: destiny not clear 1919 -1920: Gabriele D’Annunzio 1920-1924: free state of Fiume 1924: Annexed by fascist Italy 1947: part of republic of Yugoslavia Today: part of Croatia CSEND All rights reserved 2009 Fiume-Rijeka History Ancient Times = Celtics, Illyrians, Romans, Slaves, Germanics, others 5th century onwards, the town was ruled successively by the Ostrogoths, the Byzantines, the Lombards, the Avars, the Franks, the Croats and the Hungarians before coming under the control of the Austrian Habsburgs in 1466.