Media Peternakan, August 2012, pp. 102-110 Online version: EISSN 2087-4634 Ø4∑ñ&&¥¨´∑¨ªï±∂ºπµ®≥ï∞∑©ï®™ï∞´& 1 & Accredited by DGHE No: 66b/DIKTI/Kep/2011 #.(ñ WVï[Y_^ ¥¨´∑¨ªïXVWXïY[ïXïWVX

The Characteristics of Cytochrome C Oxidase Gene Subunit I in Wild Silkmoth Cricula trifenestrata Helfer and Its Evaluation for Species Marker

Surianaa *, D. D. Solihinb #, R. R. Noorc #, & A. M. Thoharid a1#¨∑®πª¥¨µª1∂≠1!∞∂≥∂Æ¿ð1%®™º≥ª¿1∂≠12™∞¨µ™¨ð1'®≥º∂≥¨∂14µ∞Ω¨π∫∞ª¿ )≥µï1'$ 1,∂≤∂´∂¥∑∞ª1*®¥∑º∫1'∞±®º1!º¥∞13Ø∞´®π¥®1 µ´º∂µ∂غ1*¨µ´®π∞ð1(µ´∂µ¨∫∞® b#¨∑®πª¥¨µª1∂≠1!∞∂≥∂Æ¿ð1%®™º≥ª¿1∂≠12™∞¨µ™¨ð1!∂Æ∂π1 Æπ∞™º≥ªºπ®≥14µ∞Ω¨π∫∞ª¿ c#¨∑®πª¥¨µª1∂≠1 µ∞¥®≥1/π∂´º™ª∞∂µ1®µ´13¨™Øµ∂≥∂Æ¿ð1%®™º≥ª¿1∂≠1 µ∞¥®≥12™∞¨µ™¨ð1!∂Æ∂π1 Æπ∞™º≥ªºπ®≥14µ∞Ω¨π∫∞ª¿ #)≥µï1 Æ®ª∞∫1*®¥∑º∫1(/!1#®π¥®Æ®ð1!∂Æ∂π1W\\^Vð1(µ´∂µ¨∫∞® d#¨∑®πª¥¨µª1∂≠1"∂µ∫¨πΩ®ª∞∂µð1%®™º≥ª¿1∂≠1%∂π¨∫ªπ¿ð1!∂Æ∂π1 Æπ∞™º≥ªºπ®≥14µ∞Ω¨π∫∞ª¿ )≥µï1+∞µÆ≤®π1 ≤®´¨¥∞≤1#®π¥®Æ®ð1!∂Æ∂π1W\\^Vð1(µ´∂µ¨∫∞® (Received 21-02-2012; accepted 23-04-2012)

ABSTRAK

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi dan mendeteksi situs diagnostik dari parsial gen sitokrom C oksidase sub unit I (COI) ulat sutera liar Cricula trifenestrata, dan mengevaluasi gen tersebut sebagai penanda spesies. Sebanyak 15 larva C. tifenestrata dikoleksi dari Kabupaten Bogor, Purwakarta, dan Bantul. DNA genom diekstrak dari kelenjar sutera larva, kemudian diperbanyak dengan metode PCR dan disekuensi. Hasil sekuensi dikarakterisasi runutan nukleotida dan diprediksi kandungan asam aminonya. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa 595 runutan nukleotida pada ujung 5’ gen COI C. tifenestrata bersifat kekal pada level spesies, tetapi beragam pada level family. Nukleotida didominasi oleh basa timin dan adenin (± 70%). Terdapat 25 situs diagnostik bagi C. tifenestrata dan 4 situk diagnostik pada level genus. Seratus delapan puluh sembilan (189) asam amino yang disejajarkan, menunjukkan satu persen variasi antar spesies. Asam amino ke-107 (valin) dan asam amino ke-138 (treonin) merupakan asam amino diagnostik bagi C. tifenestrata. Berdasarkan πºµºª®µ µº≤≥¨∂ª∞´® ´®µ ®∫®¥ ®¥∞µ∂µ¿®ð ≥∂ƨµ∞ ≤¨≤¨π®©®ª®µ ¥¨µºµ±º≤≤®µ ©®Øæ® C. tifenestrata terdapat pada nodus yang sama dengan spesies Antheraea, sehingga family Saturniidae bersifat ¥∂µ∂≥¨ª∞≤ï

Kata kunci: ulat sutera liar, C. trifenestrata, sitokrom oksidase sub unit I, nukleotida diagnostik, asam amino diagnostik

ABSTRACT

The study was conducted to assess the characteristics of partial gene of cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) of wild silkmoth Cricula trifenestrata, and to detect the diagnostic sites from these ƨµ¨ ≠∂π ¨Ω®≥º®ª∞∂µ ®∫ ∫∑¨™∞¨∫ ¥®π≤¨πï ª∂ª®≥ ∂≠ ≠ª¨¨µ ≥®πΩ®¨ ∂≠ C. tifenestrata were collected from Bogor, Purwakarta, and Bantul Regencies. Genomic DNA was extracted from silk gland of individual larvae, ªØ¨µ ®¥∑≥∞¨´ ©¿ /"1 ¥¨ªØ∂´ ®µ´ ∫¨∏º¨µ™¨´ï #- ∫¨∏º¨µ™∞µÆ æ®∫ ´∂µ¨ ª∂ ™Ø®π®™ª¨π∞¡¨ their nucleotide and amino acid contents. The results showed that 595 nucleotides at the 5 ‘end of COI gene of C. tifenestrata was conserved at the species level, but varies at the family level. Nucleotide dominated by thymine and adenine bases (± 70%). There were 25 diagnostic sites for C. tifenestrata, and four diagnostic sites for genus level. One hundred eigthty nine (189) amino acids were alignment, and only one percent of the genes was varied among species. The 107th amino acid (valine) and 138th (threonine) were diagnostics amino acid for C. tifenestrata. Based on nucleotides and amino acids ∫¨∏º¨µ™¨∫ðªØ¨ ∑Ø¿≥∂ƨµ¿ ∫Ø∂樴 ªØ®ª C. tifenestrata lied on the same nodes with Antheraea, so the Saturniidae family is monophyletic.

Key words: wild silk moth, C. trifenestrata, cytohrome C oxidase subunit I, nucleotide diagnostic, amino acid diagnostic

* Corresponding author: $,¥®∞≥ñ[email protected]

102 August 2012 241( - 1ET AL. Media Peternakan

INTRODUCTION 3Ø∞∫1∫ªº´¿1®∞¥¨´1ª∂ñ1ûWü1™Ø®π®™ª¨π∞¡¨ð1ûXü1´¨ª¨™ª1ªØ¨1 ∫∞ª¨1∂≠1µº™≥¨∂ª∞´¨1®µ´1®¥∞µ∂1®™∞´1´∞®Æµ∂∫ª∞™∫1".(1ƨµ¨1 3ب1Æ∂≥´¨µ1∫∞≥≤¥∂ªØð1∞∫1∂µ¨1≥∂™®≥1µ®¥¨1≠∂π1Cricula ≠∂π1 C. trifenestratað1 ®µ´1 ûYü1 ¨ø®¥∞µ¨1 ªØ¨1 π¨≥®ª∞∂µ∫Ø∞∑1 ∂≠1 trifenestrata '¨≥≠¨πò1 ®µ´1 ªØ¨1 ¥¨¥©¨π1 ∂≠1 ªØ¨1 2®ªºπµ∞∞´®¨1 ≤∞µ∫Ø∞∑1 ®¥∂µÆ1 ªØ¨1 ∫∞≥≤,∑π∂´º™∞µÆ1 ∞µ∫¨™ª∫1 ©®∫¨´1 ∂µ1 ≠®¥∞≥¿1 û∫º∑¨π≠®¥∞≥¿1 !∂¥©¿™∂∞´¨®üð1 ∞µ1 æØ∞™Ø1 ∞µ™≥º´¨1 µº™≥¨∂ª∞´¨1 ®µ´1 ®¥∞µ∂1 ®™∞´1 ".(1 ∫¨∏º¨µ™¨∫ï1 3ب1 π¨∫º≥ª∫1 ªØ¨1 Æ∞®µª1 ∫∞≥≤¥∂ªØ∫ð1 π∂¿®≥1 ¥∂ªØ∫ð1 ®µ´1 ¨¥∑¨π∂π1 ¥∂ªØ∫ï1 æ¨π¨1 ´¨∫™π∞©¨´1 ©®∫¨´1 ∂µ1 ƨµ¨ª∞™∫1 ©®™≤Æπ∂ºµ´∫ð1 ∫∂1 ∞ª1 3Ø∞∫1 ≠®¥∞≥¿1 ∞∫1 ªØ¨1 ≥®πƨ∫ª1 ®µ´1 ¥∂∫ª1 ∫∑¨™ª®™º≥®π1 ∂≠1 ªØ¨1 æ∂º≥´1©¨1ªØ¨1π∫ª1¥∂≥¨™º≥®π1´®ª®©®∫¨1≠∂π1C. trifenestrata +¨∑∞´∂∑ª¨π®ð1 æ∞ªØ1 ®µ1 ¨∫ª∞¥®ª¨´1 µº¥©¨π1 ∂≠1 WðYVV.Wð[VV1 æ∞™Ø1™®µ1©¨1º∫¨´1®∫1∫∑¨™∞¨∫1¥®π≤¨πï1 ∫∑¨™∞¨∫1 û3º∫≤¨∫1 et al.ð1 W__\üï1 3ب1 2®ªºπµ∞∞´®¨1 ≠®¥- ∞≥¿ð1 ≠∂π1 ¨ø®¥∑≥¨1 ´∂¥¨∫ª∞™®ª¨´1 ∫∞≥≤¥∂ªØ1 ûBombyx moriüð1 MATERIALS AND METHODS Ø®∫1 ®1 Æ𨮪1 ®4𮙪∞∂µ1 ®¥∂µÆ1 ªØ¨1 ∫∞≥≤¥∂ªØ1 ≠®¥∞≥¿1 û!∂¥©¿™∞´®¨üï1 (µ1 ®´´∞ª∞∂µð1 ∫∂¥¨1 ∫∑¨™∞¨∫1 ∂≠1 ªØ¨1 ≠®¥∞≥¿1 1 ª∂ª®≥1 ∂≠1 ≠ª¨¨µ1 ≥®πΩ®¨1 ∂≠1 ªØ¨1 æ∞≥´1 ∫∞≥≤¥∂ªØ1 C. ®π¨1 æ∞≥´1 ∫∞≥≤¥∂ªØ∫1 æØ∞™Ø1 ™®µ1 ®≥∫∂1 ∑π∂´º™¨1 ∫∞≥≤ï1 C. tri- trifenestrata1 æ¨π¨1 ™∂≥≥¨™ª¨´1 ≠π∂¥1 !∂Æ∂π1 ®µ´1 /ºπæ®≤®πª®1 fenestrata1æ®∫1™∂µ∫∑∞™º∂º∫1©¿1Ø®Ω∞µÆ1∑¨π≠∂𮪨´1™∂™∂∂µð1 1¨Æ¨µ™∞¨∫1∂≠16¨∫ª1)®Ω®ð1®µ´1!®µªº≥11¨Æ¨µ™¿1∂≠1"¨µªπ®≥1 æØ∞™Ø1Æ∂≥´¨µ1¿¨≥≥∂æ1™∂≥∂πï1,®≥¨1æ∞µÆ1∫∑®µ1∞∫1[\,]^1¥¥ð1 Java, Indonesia. æØ∞≥¨1≠¨¥®≥¨1æ∞µÆ1∫∑®µ1∞∫1][,^W1¥¥1û*®≤®ª∞1í1"غª∞®ð1 XVV_üï13Ø∞∫1∫∑¨™∞¨∫1∞∫1´∞∫ªπ∞©ºª¨´1∞µ1ªØπ∂ºÆØ∂ºª1%∞≥∞∑∞µ¨ð1 Genomic DNA Isolation (µ´∞®1®µ´1(µ´∂µ¨∫∞®ð1®µ´1ªØ¨π¨1®π¨1¥®µ¿1¨µ´¨¥∞™1∫∑¨- ™∞¨∫1∞µ1(µ´∂µ¨∫∞®1(∫≥®µ´1∫º™Ø1®∫1∞µ12º¥®ª¨π®ð1)®Ω®ð1®µ´1 &¨µ∂¥∞™1 #- 1 æ®∫1 ∑π¨∑®π¨´1 ≠π∂¥1 ®1 ∑®∞π1 ∂≠1 ∫∞≥≤1 2º≥®æ¨∫∞1 û-®∫∫∞Æ1 et al.,1 XVV\üï1 2ªº´¿1 ©®∫¨´1 ∂µ1 ©∞∂≥∂Æ¿ð1 Æ≥®µ´∫1 ∂≠1 µ®≥1 ∞µ∫ª®π1 ≥®πΩ®¨1 ∂≠1 C. trifenestrata using a ¨™∂≥∂Æ¿1 ®µ´1 ƨµ¨ª∞™∫1 ®∫∑¨™ª∫1 ∂≠1 ªØ∞∫1 ∞µ∫¨™ª1 ∞∫1 ªØ¨π¨≠∂π¨1 ∫ª®µ´®π´1ª¨™Øµ∞∏º¨1û2®¥©π∂∂≤1et alïð1W_^_ü1ªØ®ª1Ø®∫1©¨¨µ1 necessary. As C. trifenestrata is a closely related to spe- ®´±º∫ª¨´ï ™∞¨∫1∂≠1Antheraea and B. morið1ªØ¨1¥∞ª∂™Ø∂µ´π∞®≥1ƨµ∂¥¨1 ∞µ≠∂𥮪∞∂µ1 ∂≠1 ªØ¨1 ∫∑¨™∞¨∫1 ¥®¿1 ∑π∂Ω∞´¨1 ≠ºµ´®¥¨µª®≥1 Electrophoresis ∞µ≠∂𥮪∞∂µ1≠∂π1≠ºªºπ¨1∑Ø¿≥∂ƨµ¨ª∞™1®µ®≥¿∫¨∫1®µ´1¨Ω∂≥º- tionary biology. &¨µ∂¥∞™1#- 1æ®∫1¥∞Æ𮪨´1∂µ1WïX–1®Æ®π∂∫¨1ƨ≥1∞µ1 1¨™¨µª1∞µΩ¨∫ª∞Æ®ª∞∂µ∫1Ø®Ω¨1∫ºÆƨ∫ª¨´1¥∞ª∂™Ø∂µ´π∞®≥1 Wø3!$1∫∂≥ºª∞∂µ1º∫∞µÆ1ª∂∂≥∫1∂≠1∫º©¥®π∞µ¨1¨≥¨™ªπ∂∑Ø∂π¨∫∞∫1 ƨµ∂¥¨1û¥ª#- ü1®∫1®1ª∂∂≥1≠∂π1∫ªº´¿∞µÆ1ªØ¨1ª®ø∂µ∂¥¿ð1 û'∂¨≠¨πð142 üï1$ªØ∞´∞º¥1©π∂¥∞´¨1ûVï[1ºÆ&¥≥ü1æ®∫1º∫¨´1 ®µ´1 ¨Ω∂≥ºª∞∂µ1 ∂≠1 ®µ∞¥®≥1 ∑∂∑º≥®ª∞∂µ∫ï1 3ب1 ™¿ª∂™Øπ∂¥¨1 ≠∂π1∫ª®∞µ∞µÆ1∂≠1ªØ¨1ƨ≥ð1®µ´1Ω∞∫º®≥∞¡¨´1ºµ´¨π1451ªπ®µ∫∞- ∂ø∞´®∫¨1 ∫º©ºµ∞ª1 (1 û".(ü1 ƨµ¨1 ∞∫1 ®1 ∑®πª1 ∂≠1 ¥ª#- ï1 ≥º¥∞µ®ª∂π1û•½1YVV1µ¥üï11 3Ø∞∫1 ƨµ¨1 æ®∫1 ™Ø∂∫¨µ1 ©¨™®º∫¨1 ∂≠1 ∞ª∫1 ™¨µªπ®≥1 π∂≥¨1 ∞µ1 ¥¨ª®©∂≥∞∫¥1 ®µ´1 ∞ª∫1 ∑π¨∫¨µ™¨1 ∞∫1 ∞µ1 ®≥¥∂∫ª1 ®≥≥1 eukaryotes. ".( &¨µ¨ ¥∑≥∞™®ª∞∂µ ®µ´ 2¨∏º¨µ™∞µÆ ´´∞ª∞∂µ®≥≥¿ð1 ªØ¨1 ∫∞¡¨1 ®µ´1 ∫ªπº™ªºπ¨1 ∂≠1 ".(1 ƨµ¨1 Ø®∫1 ©¨¨µ1 æ¨≥≥1 ™∂µ∫¨πΩ¨´1 ∞µ1 ªØ¨1 ®µ∞¥®≥1 Æπ∂º∑∫1 ®µ®≥¿∫¨´1 ∫∂1 1 1π¨Æ∞∂µ1∂≠1".(1ƨµ¨1´¨π∞Ω¨´1≠π∂¥1C. trifenestrata ≠®πð1®1≠¨®ªºπ¨1æØ∞™Ø1¥®≤¨∫1∞ª1¨∫∑¨™∞®≥≥¿1∫º∞ª®©≥¨1≠∂π1¨Ω∂- æ®∫1 ®¥∑≥∞¨´1 ©¿1 º∫∞µÆ1 ®1 3بπ¥®≥1 "¿™≥¨π1 $∑∑¨µ´∂π≠1 ≥ºª∞∂µ®π¿1∫ªº´∞¨∫1û+ºµª1et alïð1W__\üï13ب1".(ð1Ø∂æ¨Ω¨πð1∞∫1 3¿∑¨1 [YYX1 ¥®™Ø∞µ¨ï1 3ب1 ∑π∞¥¨π1 º∫¨´1 æ¨π¨1 ≠∂πæ®π´1 [, ∂µ¨1∂≠1ªØ¨1¥∂∫ª1™∂µ∫¨πΩ¨´1¥∞ª∂™Ø∂µ´π∞®≥1∑π∂ª¨∞µ,™∂´∞µÆ1 3& 3" , 333 3 3 ",Y1®µ´1π¨Ω¨π∫¨1[,&3 31 ƨµ¨∫1 ∞µ1 ®µ∞¥®≥∫1 û,º¨≥≥¨πð1 XVV\üð1 ®µ´1 ªØº∫1 ´∞∫∑≥®¿∫1 ®1 3 ,3 3 ",Y1û,®Ø¨µ´π®µ1et al., XVV\üï11 ©¨4¨π1∑Ø¿≥∂ƨµ¨ª∞™1∫∞Ƶ®≥1û6∞≥∫∂µð1XVWVüï1".(1®∫1®1©®π- 13ب1∑π∂Æπ®¥1∂≠1/"11®¥∑≥∞™®ª∞∂µ1æ®∫1®∫1≠∂≥≥∂æ∫1W1 ™∂´¨1 ¥®π≤¨π1 Ø®∫1 ©¨¨µ1 º∫¨´1 Ω¨π¿1 ∫º™™¨∫∫≠º≥≥¿1 ∞µ1 ¥®µ¿1 ¥∞µ1®ª1_Z17"ð1≠∂≥≥∂樴1©¿1Y[1™¿™≥¨∫1∂≠1YV1∫¨™1®ª1_Z17"ð1Z[1 ®µ∞¥®≥1 taxað1 ≠∂π1 ¨ø®¥∑≥¨∫ñ1 ´∞¨π¨µª∞®ª¨´1 ®¥∂µÆ1 ≠®¥∞≥¿1 ∫¨™1®ª1ZV7"ð1®µ´1W1¥∞µ1®ª1]X17"ð1æ∞ªØ1®1∫º©∫¨∏º¨µª1[1¥∞µ1 ∞µ1+¨∑∞´∂∑ª¨π®1û6∞≥∫∂µð1XVWVüð1©¨¨ª≥¨∫1û%ºµ≤1et al.ð1W__[üð1 ≠∂π1 µ®≥1 ¨øª¨µ∫∞∂µ1 ®ª1 ]X1 7"ï1 1¨®Æ¨µª1 ™∂¥∑∂µ¨µª∫1 æ¨π¨1 ∫∂¥¨1 ∞µ∫¨™ª1 ∑¨∫ª∫1 û3∂´®1 í1 ,ºπ®∞ð1 XVV\ü1 Mermerodes X1 •≥1 #- 1 ª¨¥∑≥®ª¨ð1 Wï[1 •≥1 ∂≠1 ¨®™Ø1 WV1 ∑∞™∂¥∂≥1 ∑π∞¥¨πð1 hamona1¥∂ªØ1û'º≥π™1et al.ð1XVV]üð1¥∂∫∏º∞ª∂1û"¿æ∞µ∫≤®1et WXï[1•≥1∂≠1©º¨π1π¨®´¿1ª∂1¥∞øð1Vï[1º≥1,Æ"≥X1[V¥,ð1®µ´1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 al.ð XVV\üð ®µ´ Thrips tabaci û*®π∞¥∞ et al., XVWVüï added double destiled H2. º∑ ª∂ X[ •≥ ª∂ª®≥ Ω∂≥º¥¨ï 2¨Ω¨π®≥1 ™¿ª∂™Øπ∂¥¨1 ∂ø∞´®∫¨1 ƨµ¨∫1 Ø®Ω¨1 ©¨¨µ1 ∫¨- #- 1∫¨∏º¨µ™∞µÆ1æ®∫1´∂µ¨1©¿1º∫∞µÆ1 ∑∑≥∞¨´1!∞∂∫¿∫ª¨¥1 ∏º¨µ™¨´1®µ´1™Ø®π®™ª¨π∞¡¨´1∞µ1∫∞≥≤¥∂ªØð1i.e: Bombyx mori 3730 XL DNA Analyzer. û+∞1 et alïð1 XVV[ò1 πºµ≤º¥®π1 et alïð1 XVV\üï1 2∞¥∞≥®π1 ∫ªº´∞¨∫1 ∞µ1 æ∞≥´1 ∫∞≥≤¥∂ªØ1 û2®ªºπµ∞∞´®¨1 ≠®¥∞≥¿ü1 Ø®Ω¨1 ©¨¨µ1 ´∂µ¨ð1 Phylogenetic Construction ¨∫∑¨™∞®≥≥¿1∞µ1∫∂¥¨1∫∑¨™∞¨∫1∂≠1 µªØ¨π®¨®1û πºµ≤º¥®π1et alïð1XVV\ò1,®Ø¨µ´π®µ1et al.ð1XVV\üð1©ºª1Ø®∫1µ∂ª1©¨¨µ1´∂µ¨1 "Ø®π®™ª¨π∞¡®ª∞∂µ1 ∂≠1 C. trifenestrata1 ".(1 ƨµ¨1 æ®∫1 ∞µ1ªØ¨12®ªºπµ∞∞´®¨1∂≠1(µ´∂µ¨∫∞®ï12ªº´¿1∂≠1C. trifenestrata ™®ππ∞¨´1 ∂ºª1 º∫∞µÆ1 ,$& 1 Zï1 2∂≠ªæ®π¨1 û3®¥ºπ®1 et al., ∞∫1∫ª∞≥≥1¥∞µ∞¥®≥≥¿1∑¨π≠∂π¥¨´1∞µ1ªØ¨1¨ø∞∫ª∞µÆ1∂≠1ª®ø∂µ∂¥¿1 XVV]üò1∫¨∏º¨µ™¨1æ®∫1®≥∞Ƶ¥¨µª¨´1ª∂1´¨ª¨π¥∞µ¨1ªØ¨1∑∂∫∞- ©®∫¨´1 ∂µ1 ¥∂π∑Ø∂≥∂Æ¿ï1 ,∂≥¨™º≥®π1 ´®ª®1 ∞∫1 ®µ1 ®∑∑π∂∑π∞- ª∞∂µ1∂≠1ªØ¨∫¨1ƨµ¨1®ª1".(1ƨµ¨1´®ª®1≠π∂¥1&¨µ!®µ≤ï1".(1 ®ª¨1 ®≥ª¨πµ®ª∞Ω¨1 ª∂1 ™∂¥∑≥¨¥¨µª1 ªØ¨1 ¥∂π∑Ø∂≥∂Æ∞™®≥1 ´®ª®ï1 ´®ª®1≠∂π1∫®¥¨1∫∑¨™∞¨∫1®µ´1ƨµº∫1æ¨π¨1µ∂ª1®Ω®∞≥®©≥¨1∂µ1 !¨∫∞´¨1 ®∫1 ªØ¨1 ©®∫∞™1 ∞µ≠∂𥮪∞∂µð1 ¥∂≥¨™º≥®π1 ´®ª®1 ™®µ1 ©¨1 ªØ¨1 &¨µ!®µ≤ð1 ªØ¨π¨≠∂π¨1 æ¨1 º∫¨´1 ".(1 ´®ª®1 ≠∂π1 ≠®¥∞≥¿1 º∫¨´1®∫1ªØ¨1©®∫∞™1∫ªº´¿1≠∂π1∫¨≥¨™ª∞∂µð1ªØ¨1©º∫∞µ¨∫∫1´¨Ω¨≥- ≥¨Ω¨≥ð1∞ï¨ñ1∫∞ø1∫∑¨™∞¨∫1∂≠1 µªØ¨π®¨®1û2®ªºπµ∞∞´®¨üñ1A. per- ∂∑¥¨µª1∂≠1ªØ¨1ºª∞≥∞¡®ª∞∂µ1∂≠1æ∞≥´1∫∞≥≤æ∂π¥ð1¨∫∑¨™∞®≥≥¿1C. nyi1û'0X\ZV[[üð1 勵≥∞4®1û 81\V[1X[[ü1®µ´1A. yamamai trifenestrataï14∑1ª∂1∑π¨∫¨µªð1ªØ¨π¨1®π¨1∂µ≥¿1≥∞¥∞ª¨´1´®ª®1∂µ1 û %VX_V\]üï1A. assama1û 8\V[XZ_üð1A. proiily1û 8_\VX]Züð1 ªØ¨1¥∂≥¨™º≥®π1™Ø®π®™ª¨π∞∫ª∞™∫1∂≠1ªØ¨1∑®πª∞®≥1™∂´∞µÆ1ƨµ¨∫1 and A. roilei1 û 8_\VX]Züï1 Bombyx mori1 û %VX]_[Yü1 ∞µ1∞µ∫¨™ª1∫∞≥≤1û2ºπ∞®µ®1et alïð1XVWWüï1(ª1∞∫1ªØ¨π¨≠∂π¨ð1∞¥∑∂π- ∫¨∏º¨µ™¨1 æ®∫1 º∫¨´1 ®∫1 ∂ºªÆπ∂º∑ï1 3ب1 µ®≥1 ∫ª¨∑1 ∑Ø¿≥∂- ª®µª1ª∂1´∂1¥∂π¨1®´Ω®µ™¨´1π¨∫¨®π™Øï ƨµ¨ª∞™∫1 ªπ¨¨1 æ®∫1 ™∂µ∫ªπº™ª¨´1 ©¿1 º∫∞µÆ1 ªØ¨1 -¨∞ÆØ©∂πµ1

August 2012 103 5∂≥ï1Y[1-∂ï1X 3'$1"' 1 "3$1(23("21.%1"83."'1.,$

)∂∞µ∞µÆ1 ¥¨ªØ∂´1 æ∞ªØ1 WVVVø1 ©∂∂∫ªπ®∑∑¨´ð1 ®µ´1 *∞¥ºπ®1 ∂≠1 __&[_[1 ûW\ï\–ü1 ∑®π∫∞¥∂µ¿1 ∞µ≠∂𥮪∞Ω¨1 µº™≥¨∂ª∞´¨∫1 X,∑®π®¥¨ª¨π1¥∂´¨≥1û-¨∞1í1*º¥®πð1XVVYüï ®µ´1ZX&[_[1û]–ü1∫∞µÆ≥¨ª∂µ1µº™≥¨∂ª∞´¨∫1û3®©≥¨1Xüï12∞¥∞≥®π1 π¨∫º≥ª∫1 æ¨π¨1 ∂©∫¨πΩ¨´1 ∞µ1 ∂ªØ¨π1 ∞µ∫¨™ªð1 ≠∂π1 ¨ø®¥∑≥¨∫ñ1 ®1 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ≥∂æ¨π1ûW–ü1∂≠1∞µªπ®,∫∑¨™∞¨∫1µº™≥¨∂ª∞´¨1´∞Ω¨π∫∞ª¿1©®∫¨´1∂µ1 ªØ¨1".(1ƨµ¨1æ®∫1®≥∫∂1≠∂ºµ´1©¿1+∞1et al.1ûXVV_üò16¨®Æ¨µ¨π1 General COI Partial Gene Features of C. trifenestrata et al.1ûXVV\üò1"¿æ∞µ∫≤®1et al.1ûXVV\üï1-¨Ω¨πªØ¨≥¨∫∫ð1®ª1ªØ¨1 ≥¨Ω¨≥1∂≠1ƨµº∫ð1".(1æ®∫11∫º™™¨∫∫¨´1ª∂1∫¨∑®π®ª¨1ªØ¨1©¨¨ª≥¨1 ¥∑≥∞™®ª∞∂µ1π¨∫º≥ª∫1∂≠1".(1ƨµ¨1´¨π∞Ω¨´1≠π∂¥1C. genus Ophraella1®µ´1∫Ø∂樴1ªØ¨1´∞Ω¨π∫∞ª¿1®¥∂µÆ1∫∑¨™∞¨∫1 trifenestrata1 æ®∫1 ®ª1 ≥∂µÆ1 ∫¨∏º¨µ™¨1 ∂≠1 [_[,\VX1 ©®∫¨1 ∑®∞π∫1 º∑1 ª∂1 XZ–1 û%ºµ≤1 et al.1 W__[üð1 ∞µ∫¨™ª1 ∑¨∫ª∫1 Thrips tabaci û©∑üï13ب1µº™≥¨∂ª∞´¨1∫¨∏º¨µ™¨1æ®∫1®≥∞Ƶ¨´1∑®π®≥≥¨≥1ª∂1ªØ¨1 tobacco1º∑1ª∂1Zï^–1û3∂´®1í1,ºπ®∞ð1XVV]üð1®µ´1¥∂∫∏º∞ª∂¨∫1 µº™≥¨∂ª∞´¨1∑∂∫∞ª∞∂µ∫1WY^,]ZV1∞µ1ªØ¨1".(1ƨµ¨1∫¨∏º¨µ™¨∫1 û"º≥∞™∞´®¨ü1VïX–,W]ïX–1û"¿æ∞µ∫≤®1et al.ð1XVV\üï ≠π∂¥1 &¨µ!®µ≤1 ´®ª®ï1 3Ø∞∫1 ∑∂∫∞ª∞∂µ1 æ®∫1 ®µ1 ®π¨®1 ∑π∂- "∂¥∑∂∫∞ª∞∂µ1∂≠1ªØ¨1".(1µº≥¨∂ª∞´®1C. trifenestrata is ∑∂∫¨´1®∫1ªØ¨1®µ∞¥®≥1©®π™∂´¨1π¨Æ∞∂µ1û'º≥π™1et al.ð1XVV]üï1 π¨≥®ª∞Ω¨≥¿1™∂µ∫∞∫ª¨µª1æ∞ªØ1ªØ¨1µº™≥¨∂ª∞´¨1™∂¥∑∂∫∞ª∞∂µ1∂≠1 2¨∏º¨µ™¨1´®ª®1®π¨1™Ø®π®™ª¨π∞¡¨´1®≥∂µÆ1∂≠1[_[1©∑ð1¨µ™∂´- ªØ¨1 ".(1 ∫¨∏º¨µ™¨∫1 ≠∂ºµ´1 ∞µ1 ∂ªØ¨π1 ∞µ∫¨™ª∫ð1 ∑®πª∞™º≥®π≥¿1 ∞µÆ1W_^1®¥∞µ∂1®™∞´∫ï13ب1∑∂∫∞ª∞∂µ1∂≠1ªØ¨∫¨1®¥∞µ∂1®™∞´∫1 +¨∑∞´∂∑ª¨π®ï1 3بπ¨1 ∞∫1 ®1 ª¨µ´¨µ™¿1 ∂≠1 ´∂¥∞µ®µ™¨1 ∂≠1 ªØ¿- æ®∫1 ®≥∞Ƶ¨´1 æ∞ªØ1 Z^th up to 245th1 ∂≠1 ªØ¨1 ®¥∞µ∂1 ®™∞´1 A. ¥∞µ¨1®µ´1®´¨µ∞µ¨1©®∫¨∫1ªØ®ª1™®º∫¨´1©¿1ªØ¨1º∫¨1∂≠1©®∫¨∫1 pernyi1®∫1®1π¨≠¨π¨µ™¨ï13ب∫¨1∫¨∏º¨µ™¨∫1Ø®Ω¨1©¨¨µ1∫º©¥∞ª- ∫º™Ø1 ®∫1 ªπ∞∑≥¨ª1 ™∂´∂µ∫ï1 3ب1 ®∑∑≥∞™®©∞≥∞ª¿1 ∂≠1 ªØ¨1 ªπ∞∑≥¨ª1 ª¨´1ª∂1&¨µ!®µ≤1æ∞ªØ1ªØ¨1®™™¨∫∫∞∂µ1µº¥©¨π1∂≠1)%X\Z]X^ï ™∂´∂µ∫1 ∞∫1 ®∫∫∂™∞®ª¨´1 æ∞ªØ1 ªØ¨1 ®Ω®∞≥®©∞≥∞ª¿1 ∂≠1 ªØ¨1 ™∂π- π¨∫∑∂µ´∞µÆ1ª1- 1®µ´1®≥∫∂1ªØ¨1𮪨1∂≠1ƨµ¨1¨ø∑π¨∫∫∞∂µï1 Nucleotide Composition and Diagnostics Sites ´´∞ª∞∂µ1 ∂≠1 µº™≥¨∂ª∞´¨1 ™∂¥∑∂∫∞ª∞∂µ1 π¨≥®ª¨´1 ª∂1 ªØ¨1 𮪨1 ∂≠1 ©®∫¨1 ∫º©∫ª∞ªºª∞∂µï1 3π®µ∫∞ª∞∂µ1 ∫º©∫ª∞ªºª∞∂µ1 æ®∫1 ≥®πƨπ1 "∂¥∑®π¨´1 ©®∫¨1 -1 ™∂¥∑∂∫∞ª∞∂µ1 ∂≠1 ¨®™Ø1 ∫∑¨™∞¨∫1 ∞∫1 ªØ®µ1 ªπ®µ∫Ω¨π∫∞∂µ1 ∫º©∫ª∞ªºª∞∂µï1 3Ø∞∫1 ∞∫1 ™∂µ∫∞∫ª¨µª1 æ∞ªØ1 ∑π¨∫¨µª¨´1 ∞µ1 3®©≥¨1 Wï1 3ب1 ©®∫¨1 -1 ™∂¥∑∂∫∞ª∞∂µ1 ∂≠1 ¨®™Ø1 ªØ¨1π¨∫º≥ª∫1∂≠1ªØ∞∫1∫ªº´¿ð1®µ´1®∫1≠∂ºµ´1©¿13∂´®1í1,ºπ®∞1 ∫∑¨™∞¨∫1∫Ø∂樴1Ω®π∞¨∫ï13بπ¨1®π¨1ªπ¨µ´1ªØ®ª1ª∞¥∞µ¨1æ®∫1 ûXVV\ü1 æ∞™Ø1 1 <1 &1 ∫º©∫ª∞ªºª∞∂µ∫ð1 æ®∫1 Æ𨮪¨π1 ªØ®µ1 ªØ¨1 Ø∞ƨ∫ª1©®∫¨1-ð1æØ∞≥¨1ƺ®µ∞µ¨1æ®∫1≥∂æ¨∫ª1©®∫¨1-1∑¨π™¨µª- C <1 3ð1 ∫¿µ∂µ¿¥∂º∫1 ¥ºª®ª∞∂µ∫1 æ®∫1 ≥®πƨπ1 ªØ®µ1 µ∂µ, ®Æ¨1≠∂π1¨®™Ø1∫∑¨™∞¨∫ï111 ∫¿µ∂µ¿¥∂º∫1 ¥ºª®ª∞∂µ∫ï1 #º¨1 ª∂1 ªØ¨1 ∫º©∫ª∞ªºª∞∂µ1 ∞ª1 æ®∫1 !®∫¨´1∂µ13®©≥¨1Wð1ªØ∞∫1©®∫¨1-1™∂¥∑∂∫∞ª∞∂µ1æ®∫1™∂µ- ≠∂ºµ´1 [1 ´∞®Æµ∂∫ª∞™1µº™≥¨∂ª∞´¨1∫∞ª¨∫1 ªØ®ª1™®µ1©¨1 ºª∞≥∞¡¨´1 ∫∞∫ª¨´1 ∂≠1 Y^–,ZWï^–1 ªØ¿¥∞µ¨1 û3üð1 X]ï\–,YXï_–1 ®´¨µ∞µ¨1 ®∫1∫∑¨™∞¨∫1¥®π≤¨π1≠∂π1C. trifenestrata. û üð1W[ï^–,W^ï[–1™¿ª∂∫∞µ¨1û"üð1®µ´1WYïY–,WZï\–1ƺ®µ∞µ¨1 -º™≥¨∂ª∞´¨1 ´∞¨π¨µ™¨∫1 ®¥∂µÆ1 ∫∑¨™∞¨∫1 π®µÆ¨´1 û&üï1 3ب1 ´∂¥∞µ®µ™¨1 ∂≠1 31 ®µ´1 1 ©®∫¨∫1 ∞µ1 ¨®™Ø1 ∫∑¨™∞¨∫1 ≠π∂¥1WZ1º∑1ª∂1_X1æ¨π¨1∑π¨∫¨µª¨´1∞µ13®©≥¨1Yï1%π∂¥1ªØ∂∫¨1 æ¨π¨1¥®∞µ≥¿1≠∂ºµ´1∞µ1ªØ¨1ªØ∞π´1™∂´∂µð1®∫1Ø®∫1®≥∫∂1©¨¨µ1 µº™≥¨∂ª∞´¨1´∞¨π¨µ™¨∫ð1ªØ¨π¨1æ¨π¨1X[1∫∞ª¨∫1∂≠1´∞®Æµ∂∫ª∞™1 observed in other insect: B. mori û πºµ≤º¥®π1 et al., ≠∂π1ªØ¨1C. trifenestrata1∫∑¨™∞¨∫ð1®µ´1≠∂ºπ1´∞®Æµ∂∫ª∞™∫1∫∞ª¨∫1 XVV\üð A. pernyi û+∞º1et al.ð1XVV^üð1A. yamamai1û*∞¥1et al., ≠∂π1ƨµº∫1∂≠1∫∞≥≤¥∂ªØð1i.e 30th, 174th, 325th, and 396th sites XVV_üð1 ®µ´1 Hyphantria cunea û+∞®∂1 et alïð1 XVWVüð1 Eriogyna π¨∫∑¨™ª∞Ω¨≥¿ï1 #∞®Æµ∂∫ª∞™1 ∫∞ª¨∫1 ®¥∂µÆ1 ∫∑¨™∞¨∫ð1 ƨµº∫1 pyretorum1û)∞®µÆ1et alïð1XVV_üï1 1∑∂∫∫∞©≥¨1¨ø∑≥®µ®ª∞∂µ1≠∂π1 ®µ´1 ≠®¥∞≥¿1 ∂≠1 ∫∞≥≤¥∂ªØ1 ©®∫¨´1 ∂µ1 [_[1 ©∑1 ".(1 ƨµ¨1 ∞∫1 ªØ∞∫1´∞¨π¨µ™¨∫1ªØ®ª1ªØ¨1©®∫¨1™∂µ∫ªπ®∞µª∫1∂µ13¸ 1™∂µª¨µª1 ∑π¨∫¨µª¨´1∞µ13®©≥¨1Zï13ب1´∞®Æµ∂∫ª∞™1∫∞ª¨1æ®∫1º∫¨´1®∫1®1 ∞µ1ªØ∞∫1π∫ª1®µ´1∫¨™∂µ´1™∂´∂µ1∑∂∫∞ª∞∂µ∫1®π¨1≥¨∫∫1π¨≥®ø¨´1 ¥∂≥¨™º≥®π1¥®π≤¨π1∫∑¨™∞¨∫ð1≠®¥∞≥¿1®µ´1∂ªØ¨π1taxa because than those in the third codon position is due to degene- ∞ª1 ∫Ø∂樴1 ´∞Ω¨π∫¨1 ∑®π®¥¨ª¨π∫ï1 3Ø∞∫1 ∫ªº´¿1 æ®∫1 ∫Ø∂æµ1 𮪨´1ƨµ¨ª∞™1™∂´¨1û%ºµ≤1et al., W__[ò1+∞º1et al.ð1XVV^üï ¥®µ¿1 ´∞®Æµ∂∫ª∞™1 ∫∞ª¨∫1 ≠∂π1 C. trifenestrataï1 '∂æ¨Ω¨πð1 ªØ¨1 3ب1®≥∞Ƶ¥¨µª∫1π¨∫º≥ª∫1∂≠1[_[1©∑1".(1ƨµ¨1®¥∂µÆ1 ´®ª®1 ®π¨1 µ∂ª1 ®Ω®∞≥®©≥¨1 ≠π∂¥1 &¨µ!®µ≤1 ≠∂π1 ∂ªØ¨π1 Cricula C. trifenestrata1 ∑∂∑º≥®ª∞∂µ∫1 ∫Ø∂樴1 ªØ®ª1 ƨµ¨∫1 æ¨π¨1 ∫∑¨™∞¨∫ð1∫∂1ªØ¨1™∂¥∑®π∞∫∂µ1∑¨π≠∂π¥¨´1®ª1ªØ¨1≠®¥∞≥¿1≥¨Ω¨≥1 Ø∞ÆØ≥¿1™∂µ∫¨πΩ¨1ªØ¨1∫∑¨™∞¨∫1≥¨Ω¨≥ð1©ºª1´∞Ω¨π∫¨1æ∞ªØ1∂ªØ¨π1 is rougher. ∫∞≥≤¥∂ªØ1∫∑¨™∞¨∫ð1©∂ªØ in 2®ªºπµ∞∞´®¨1ûªØ¨1∫®¥¨1≠®¥∞≥¿üð1 ®µ´11!∂¥©¿™∞´®¨11û´∞¨π¨µª1≠®¥∞≥¿üï13بπ¨1æ¨re 454/595 Amino Acid Composition and Diagnostics Sites û]\ïY–ü1 ™∂µ∫¨πΩ¨´1 µº™≥¨∂ª∞´¨∫ð1 ®µ´1 WZW&[_[1 ûXYï]–ü1 variable nucleotides. The variable nucleotides, consisted 3ب1 ".(1 ƨµ¨1 ∂≠1 C.trifenestrata has 595 bp long, ªπ®µ∫≥®ª¨´1∞µª∂1W^_1®¥∞µ∂1®™∞´∫1æØ∞™Ø1®π¨1®≥∞Ƶ¨´1æ∞ªØ1 A. pernyi1®¥∞µ∂1®™∞´1®∫1®1π¨≠¨π¨µ™¨1®ª1ªØ¨1∑∂∫∞ª∞∂µ1∂≠1Z^th 3®©≥¨1 Wï1 /¨π™¨µª®Æ¨1 ©®∫¨1 -1 ™∂¥∑∂∫∞ª∞∂µ1 ∂≠1 ".(1 ƨµ¨1 C. tri- th 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 fenestrata1®µ´1&¨µ!®µ≤1´®ª® up to 245 ï 3ب ".( ®¥∞µ∂ ®™∞´∫ ∂≠ C. trifenestratað æ¨π¨ ™∂µ∫¨πΩ¨´1®ª1ªØ¨1∫∑¨™∞¨∫1≥¨Ω¨≥ï1 ¥∞µ∂1®™∞´1™∂¥∑∂∫∞ª∞∂µ1 æ®∫1 ´∂¥∞µ®ª¨´1 ©¿1 ≥¨º™∞µ¨1 ®µ´1 ∞∫∂≥¨º™∞µ¨1 ûº∑1 ª∂1 X[–1 Species T C A G ≠π∂¥1 W^_1 ®¥∞µ∂1 ®™∞´1 ∫¨∏º¨µ™¨üð1 æبπ¨®∫1 ∂ªØ¨π1 ®¥∞µ∂1 C. trifenestrata 40.7 18.5 27.5 13.3 ®™∞´∫1æ¨π¨1∑π¨∫¨µª1∞µ1∫¥®≥≥¨π1®¥∂ºµª∫1û3®©≥¨1[üï1 A. pernyii 40.4 17.3 29.4 12.9 "∂µªπ®π¿1 ª∂1 ªØ¨1 µº™≥¨∂ª∞´¨ð1 ®¥∞µ∂1 ®™∞´1 ®≥∞Ƶ¥¨µª1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 A. yamamai 41.8 15.9 28.9 13.4 π¨∫º≥ª∫ ∂≠ C. trifenestrata æ∞ªØ ®¥∞µ∂ ®™∞´ ∞µ ªØ¨ &¨µ!®µ≤ ´®ª®ð1 ∫Ø∂樴1 ®1 ≥∞4≥¨1 Ω®π∞®©∞≥∞ª¿ï1 3بπ¨1 æ¨π¨1 W]^&W_^1 ï 4 ¥¿≥∞ ® 41.3 16.5 28.9 13.3 û_V–ü1 ªØ®ª1 ™∂µ∫¨πΩ¨´1 ®¥∞µ∂1 ®™∞´∫ð1 ªØ¨1 𨥮∞µ´¨π1 æ®∫1 A. assama 40.2 17.1 29.2 13.4 XV&W_^1ûWV–ü1Ω®π∞®©≥¨1®¥∞µ∂1®™∞´ï13ب1Ω®π∞¨∫1®¥∞µ∂1®™∞´1 A. proylei 40.7 17.0 29.2 13.1 ®¥∂µÆ1∫∑¨™∞¨∫1®µ´1ªØ¨∞π1∫∞ª¨∫1∞∫1∑π¨∫¨µª¨´1∞µ13®©≥¨1\ï1 1 1 1 1 1 1 th1 1 1 A. roylii 41.0 16.5 29.2 13.3 3®©≥¨ \ ∫Ø∂樴 ªØ®ª ªØ¨ Ω®≥∞µ¨ ûWV] ∫∞ª¨ü ®µ´ ªØπ¨∂µ∞µ¨1ûWY^th1∫∞ª¨ü1®π¨1ªØ¨1´∞®Æµ∂∫ª∞™1®¥∞µ∂1®™∞´1∂µ1C. B. mori 38.0 15.8 32.9 13.3 trifenestrataï1 3ب1 ´∞®Æµ∂∫ª∞™∫1 ®¥∞µ∂1 ®™∞´1 ≠∂π1 A. yamamai

104 August 2012 241( - 1ET AL. Media Peternakan

3®©≥¨1Xï13ب1®≥∞Ƶ¥¨µª∫1π¨∫º≥ª1∂≠1[_[1©∑1".(1ƨµ¨1C. trifenestrata1®µ´1æ∞ªØ1∫∑¨™∞¨∫1≠π∂¥1&¨µ!®µ≤1´®ª®

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-∂ª¨ñ13بπ¨1æ¨π¨1W[1∫¨∏º¨µ™¨∫ð1∂µ≥¿1∂µ¨1∫Ø∂樴1بπ¨1©¨™®º∫¨1æØ∞™Ø1æ¨π¨1¥∂µ∂¥∂π∑Ø∞™ï1-º¥©¨π∫1∞µ1∑®π¨µªØ¨∫¨∫1∞µ´∞™®ª¨1∫∞ª¨∫1µº¥©¨πï1ûïü1∞µ´∞™®ª¨1 ™∂µ∫¨πΩ¨´1µº™≥¨∂ª∞´¨∫1û∞´¨µª∞™®≥1µº™≥¨∂ª∞´¨∫ü1®¥∂µÆ1∫∑¨™∞¨∫ï1(ª®≥∞™1≥¨4¨π∫1∞µ´∞™®ª¨1∑®π∫∞¥∂µ¿1∞µ≠∂𥮪∞Ω¨1µº™≥¨∂ª∞´¨∫ð1®µ´1©∂≥≥¨´1≥¨4¨π∫1∞µ´∞™®ª¨1 ∫∞µÆ≥¨ª∂µ1µº™≥¨∂ª∞´¨∫1≠∂π1¨®™Ø1∫∑¨™∞¨∫ï

August 2012 105 5∂≥ï1Y[1-∂ï1X 3'$1"' 1 "3$1(23("21.%1"83."'1.,$

3®©≥¨1Yï113ب1´∞¨π¨µ™¨1∂≠1µº¥©¨π1®µ´1∑¨π™¨µª®Æ¨1∂≠1".(1µº™≥¨∂ª∞´¨1∂µ1C. trifenestrata1™∂¥∑®π¨´1æ∞ªØ1&¨µ!®µ≤1´®ª®

Species 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 - 2 ]ZûWXðZü 3 ]_ûWYðYü Y_û\ð\ü 4 ]YûWXðYü Z]û]ð_ü1 [\û_ðZü 5 ^XûWYð^ü1 [[û_ðXü Z\û]ð]ü [[û_ðXü 6 ]XûWXðWü [[û_ðXü Y^û\ðZü1 Z\û]ð]ü [Zû_ðVü 7 \_ûWXðVü W[ûXð[ü Y]û\ðXü1 ZZû]ðYü [Yû^ð_ü1 WZûXðYü 8 _XûW[ðYü111 \_ûWWð\ü111 \_ûWWð\ü111 ^YûWZðVü11111 ^VûWYðZü111111 \]ûWWðYü1111111 \\ûWWðVü11111111 -

-∂ª¨ñ1W½1C. trifenestratað1X½1A. pernyið1Y½1A. yamamaið11Zñ[½1A. assamað1\½1A. proyleið1]½1A. royliið1^½1B. mori. -º¥©¨π∫1∞µ1∑®π¨µªØ¨∫¨∫1∞µ´∞™®ª¨1∑¨π™¨µª®Æ¨1∂≠1 µº™≥¨∂ª∞´¨∫1´∞¨π¨µ™¨ï

3®©≥¨11Zï1#∞®Æµ∂∫ª∞™1∫∞ª¨∫1®¥∂µÆ1∫∑¨™∞¨∫ð1ƨµº∫1®µ´1≠®¥∞≥¿1∂≠1∫∞≥≤¥∂ªØ1©®∫¨´1∂µ1[_[1©∑1".(1ƨµ¨

Nucloetide sites

Species 1111 12222 23333 33333 44555 30177 92356 92356 77789 48234 02148 85127 45010 56816 73870 C. trifenestrata GCTAG TTGCT CCCCC CCTCA TCTCC 勵≥∞4® TAATA AAAAA TTAAT TTAAT AAATA A. yamamai TGATA AAAAA TTAAT TTAAT AAATT A. pernyi TAATA AAAAA TTGAT TTAAT AAATA A. proylei TAATA AAAAA TTAAT TTAAT AAATT A. assama TGATA AAAAA TTAAT TTAAT AAATA A. proiily TAATA AAAAA TTGAT TTAAT AAATA B. mori ATACA AAAAA TAAAT TTAAC AAATA

-∂ª¨ñ1&½1ƺ®µ∞µ¨ð1 ½1®´¨µ∞µ¨ð1"½1™¿ª∂∫∞µ¨ð13½1ª∞¥∞µ¨ï1 ππ∂æ1∫Ø∂æ∫1ªØ¨1´∞𨙪∞∂µ1π¨®´∞µÆ∫ï1!∂≥≥¨´1≥¨4¨π∫1∞µ´∞™®ª¨1´∞®Æµ∂∫ª∞™1∫∞ª¨∫1≠∂π1C. trifenestrata and ºµ´¨π≥∞µ¨´1≥¨4¨π∫1∞µ´∞™®ª¨1´∞®Æµ∂∫ª∞™1∫∞ª¨∫1≠∂π1¨®™Ø1ƨµº∫ï

3®©≥¨1[ï1/¨π™¨µª®Æ¨1W^_1®¥∞µ∂1®™∞´1∫¨∏º¨µ™¨1∂µ1C. trifenestrata1™∂¥∑®π¨´1æ∞ªØ1&¨µ!®µ≤1´®ª®

Species Ala Cys Asp Glu Phe Gly His Ile* Lys Leu* Met Asn Pro Gln Arg Ser Trh 5®≥ Trp Tyr

C. tri- 7.07 0.00 3.53 1.01 8.08 8.08 2.53 11.11 0.00 14.14 6.06 6.06 6.57 1.52 1.52 7.58 5.56 5.05 2.53 2.00 fenestrata A. pernyi 7.07 0.00 3.53 1.01 8.08 8.59 2.53 11.11 0.00 14.14 6.06 6.06 6.57 1.52 1.52 7.58 5.56 4.52 2.53 2.02 A. yama- 7.07 0.00 3.05 1.02 8.12 8.63 2.54 11.17 0.00 14.21 6.09 6.60 6.60 1.61 1.52 7.58 5.56 4.06 2.54 2.03 mai 勵≥∞4® 7.07 0.00 3.54 1.01 8.08 8.59 2.53 10.61 0.00 13.64 6.06 6.06 6.57 1.52 1.52 8.04 5.56 5.05 2.53 2.02 A. assama 7.07 0.00 3.54 1.01 8.08 8.55 2.53 10.61 0.00 14.14 6.06 6.06 6.57 1.52 1.52 7.58 5.56 5.05 2.53 2.02 A. proylei 7.07 0.00 3.54 1.01 8.08 8.55 2.53 11.11 0.00 14.14 6.06 6.06 6.57 1.52 1.52 7.58 5.56 4.55 2.53 2.02 A. roylii 7.07 0.00 3.54 1.01 8.08 8.55 2.53 11.11 0.00 14.14 6.06 6.06 6.57 1.52 1.52 7.58 5.56 4.55 2.53 2.02 B. mori 6.57 0.00 4.50 1.01 7.07 7.58 2.53 10.61 0.00 14.14 7.07 5.56 6.57 1.52 1.52 9.09 4.55 5.05 2.53 2.53

-∂ª¨ñ13ب1®¥∞µ∂1®™∞´∫1æ¨π¨1´∂¥∞µ®µªï

æ®∫ ®∫∑®π®Æ∞µ¨1ûWZWth ∫∞ª¨üð1Æ≥ºª®¥∞µ¨1ûW\_th ∫∞ª¨üð1®µ´1®≥®- ∫∞ª¨üð1∞∫∂≥¨º™∞µ¨1ûW_Vth ∫∞ª¨üð1®∫∑®πª∞™1®™∞´11ûXWWth ∫∞ª¨üð1®µ´1 µ∞µ¨1ûW_^th ∫∞ª¨üï13ب1´∞®Æµ∂∫ª∞™∫1®¥∞µ∂1®™∞´1≠∂π1A. pernyi ∞∫∂≥¨º™∞µ¨1ûXYZth ∫∞ª¨üï1 æ®∫1®∫∑®π®Æ∞µ¨1ûXX\th11∫∞ª¨∫üð1æØ∞≥¨1ªØ¨1´∞®Æµ∂∫ª∞™∫1®¥∞µ∂1 3ب1®¥∞µ∂1®™∞´1WV]ªØ1æ®∫1´∞®Æµ∂∫ª∞™1∂µ1ƨµº∫1≥¨Ω¨≥1 ®™∞´1 ≠∂π1 B. mori æ®∫1 ¥¨ªØ∞∂µ∞µ¨1 ûWV]th ∫∞ª¨üð1 ¥¨ªØ∞∂µ∞µ¨1 ûCricula, Antheraea, and Bombyxüï1 6Ø∞≥¨1 ®ª1 ªØ¨1 ≠®¥∞≥¿1 ûW[\th ∫∞ª¨üð1¥¨ªØ∞∂µ∞µ¨1ûW\[th ∫∞ª¨üð1≥¨º™∞µ¨1ûW]Vth ∫∞ª¨üð1¥¨- ≥¨Ω¨≥1 û2®ªºπµ∞∞´®¨1 ®µ´1 !∂¥©¿™∞´®¨üð1 ªØ¨π¨1 æ¨π¨1 WX1 ªØ∞∂µ∞µ¨1ûW]Yth ∫∞ª¨üð1≥¨º™∞µ¨1ûW]^th ∫∞ª¨üð1∫¨π∞µ¨1ûW^\th ∫∞ª¨üð1 ®¥∞µ∂1 ®™∞´∫ð1 ªØ∂∫¨1 1 ®π¨1 ´∞®Æµ∂∫ª∞™∫1 ∂≠1 W[\th, 165th, 170th, ®∫∑®πª∞™1®™∞´1ûW^]th ∫∞ª¨üð1ª¿π∂™∞µ¨1ûW^^th ∫∞ª¨üð1∫¨π∞µ¨1ûW^_th 173th, 178th, 186th, 187th, 188th, 189th, 190th, 211th, and 234th

106 August 2012 241( - 1ET AL. Media Peternakan

∫∞ª¨∫ï13Ø∞∫1¥¨®µ∫1ªØ®ª1∂µ≥¿1∂µ¨1®¥∞µ∂1®™∞´1∫∞ª¨∫1ªØ®ª1™®µ1 ∫º©∫ª∞ªºª∞∂µï1 2∞¥∞≥®π1 π¨∫º≥ª1 æ®∫1 π¨∑∂πª¨´1 ©¿1 %ºµ≤1 et al. ©¨1º∫¨´1®∫1ƨµº∫1¥®π≤¨πð1®µ´1¥∂π¨1ªØ®µ1∂µ¨1®¥∞µ∂1®™∞´1 ûW__[ü1 æØ∞™Ø1 ¨ø∑≥®∞µ¨´1 ªØ®ª1 ªØ¨1 𮪨1 ∂≠1 µº™≥¨∂ª∞´¨1 ∂π1 ªØ®ª1™®µ1©¨1º∫¨´1®∫1≠®¥∞≥¿1¥®π≤¨πï ®¥∞µ∂1 ®™∞´1 ∫º©∫ª∞ªºª∞∂µ1 æ¨π¨1 Ω®π∞¨´1 ∞µ1 ".(1 ∫¨∏º¨µ™¨1 3غ∫1 ".(1 ®¥∞µ∂1 ®™∞´∫1 ∫Ø∂樴1 ®1 ≥∂æ1 Ω®π∞®ª∞∂µ1 ∞µ1 based on each species. ∫∑¨™∞¨∫1®µ´1ƨµº∫1≥¨Ω¨≥ð1™∂¥∑®π¨´1ª∂1ªØ¨1≠®¥∞≥¿1≥¨Ω¨≥ï1 1 ∑∂∫∫∞©≥¨1¨ø∑≥®µ®ª∞∂µ1≠∂π1ªØ∞∫1≠®™ª1∞∫1ªØ®ª1ªØ¨1®¥∞µ∂1®™∞´∫1 Genetic Distance and Phylogenetic Relationships ≠ºµ™ª∞∂µ1 ∞µ1 ªØ¨1 ¥¨ª®©∂≥∞∫¥1 ∞∫1 ºµ∞Ω¨π∫®≥ð1 ∞µ™≥º´∞µÆ1 ªØ¨1 ".(1 ®¥∞µ∂1 ®™∞´∫ï1 3بπ¨≠∂π¨ð1 µ∂ª1 ∫ºπ∑π∞∫∞µÆ1 ∞≠1 ªØ¨π¨1 ®π¨1 &¨µ¨ª∞™1´∞∫ª®µ™¨∫1®¥∂µÆ1∫∑¨™∞¨∫1æ¨π¨1™∂¥∑®π¨´1©¿1 ∫¥®≥≥1Ω®π∞®ª∞∂µ1©¨ªæ¨¨µ1∫∑¨™∞¨∫1∂π1ƨµº∫ï1.µ1ªØ¨1∂ªØ¨π1 -¨∞ÆØ©∂π,)∂∞µ∞µÆ1 ¥¨ªØ∂´ð1 *∞¥ºπ®1 X,∑®π®¥¨ª¨π1 û*X/ü1 Ø®µ´ð1 ∞≠1 ªØ¨π¨1 ®π¨1 ≥®πƨ1 ®¥∞µ∂1 ®™∞´1 Ω®π∞®ª∞∂µ∫1 ®¥∂µÆ1 ¥∂´¨≥1≠∂π1µº™≥¨∂ª∞´¨1∫¨∏º¨µ™¨1®µ´1∑,´∞∫ª®µ™¨1¥∂´¨≥1≠∂π1 ∫∑¨™∞¨∫1∂π1ƨµº∫1¥¨®µ∫1ªØ®ª1ªØ¨π¨1®π¨1≥®πƨ1Ω®π∞®ª∞∂µ∫1∞µ1 ®¥∞µ∂1®™∞´1∫¨∏º¨µ™¨∫1û3®©≥¨1^üï13ب13®©≥¨1^1∫Ø∂樴1ªØ®ª1 ¥¨ª®©∂≥∞∫¥1û+ºµª1et al., W__\üï C. trifenestrata1Ø®∫1ªØ¨1∫¥®≥≥¨∫ª1ƨµ¨ª∞™1´∞∫ª®µ™¨1æ∞ªØ1A. 3ب1´∞¨π¨µ™¨1®µ´1∑¨π™¨µª®Æ¨1∂≠1®¥∞µ∂1®™∞´1®¥∂µÆ1 ¥¿≥∞4®ð ï∑π∂¿≥¨¿ and A. roylii, and A. pernyii, A. assama ∫∑¨™∞¨∫1 æ¨π¨1 ™∂¥∑®π¨´1 ®µ´1 ∑π¨∫¨µª¨´1 ∞µ1 3®©≥¨1 ]ï1 A. and last B.moriï13Ø∞∫1∫ºÆƨ∫ª∫1ªØ®ª1ªØ¨1∫¥®≥≥¨π1∂≠1ƨµ¨ª∞™1 assama and A. roylii1Ø®∫1∫®¥¨1®¥∞µ∂1®™∞´ï16Ø∞≥¨1®µ∂ªØ¨π1 ´∞∫ª®µ™¨1 ¥¨®µ∫1 Æ𨮪¨π1 ªØ®µ1 ªØ¨1 ∫∞¥∞≥®π∞ª∞¨∫1 ®¥∂µÆ1 ∫∑¨™∞¨∫1Ø®∫1Ω®π∞¨∫1®¥∞µ∂1®™∞´ï species. 3®©≥¨1 ]1 ∫Ø∂樴1 ªØ®ª1 ªØ¨1 ®¥∞µ∂1 ®™∞´1 ´∞¨π¨µ™¨∫1 !®∫¨´1 ∂µ1 ƨµ¨ª∞™1 ´∞∫ª®µ™¨∫1 û3®©≥¨1 ^üð1 ©∂ªØ1 ∂≠1 ªØ¨1 æ¨π¨1 V1 º∑1 ª∂1 W\1 ®¥∞µ∂1 ®™∞´∫ï1 C. trifenestrata and A. as- ª∂∑∂≥∂Æ¿1 ∂≠1 ∫∞≥≤¥∂ªØ1 ∑Ø¿≥∂ƨµ¿1 ©®∫¨´1 ∂µ1 [_[1 ©∑1 sama and A. roylii Ø®Ω¨1∫¥®≥≥¨∫ª1´∞¨π¨µ™¨1∞µ1ªØ¨∞π1®¥∞µ∂1 ".(1 ∞∫1 ∑π¨∫¨µª¨´1 ∞µ1 %∞ƺπ¨1 W1 ®µ´1 ∫∞≥≤¥∂ªØ1 ∑Ø¿≥∂ƨµ¿1 ®™∞´ð1æØ∞≥¨1B. mori and A. yamamai Ø®∫1ªØ¨1©∞Æƨ∫ª1´∞¨π- ©®∫¨´1∂µ1W^_1®¥∞µ∂1®™∞´1".(1 ∞∫1∑π¨∫¨µª¨´1 ∞µ1 %∞ƺπ¨1Xï1 ¨µ™¨1∞µ1ªØ¨∞π1®¥∞µ∂1®™∞´ï1A. assama and A. roylii1Ø®∫1∫®¥¨1 C. trifenestrata1 ≥∞¨´1 ∂µ1 ªØ¨1 ∫®¥¨1 µ∂´¨1 æ∞ªØ1 Antheraea ®¥∞µ∂1®™∞´ï1+∂Æ∞™®≥1¨ø∑≥®µ®ª∞∂µ1≠∂π1ªØ∞∫1≠®™ª1∞∫1ªØ¨1®¥∞µ∂1 species i.e: ï ¥¿≥∞4®ð ï ¿®¥®¥®∞ð ï ®∫∫®¥®ð ï π∂¿≥∞∞ð ®™∞´1 Ω®π∞®ª∞∂µ1 ∞∫1 ®1 𨨙ª∞∂µ1 ∂≠1 µº™≥¨∂ª∞´¨1 Ω®π∞®ª∞∂µð1 A. pernyi, and A. proyleið1æØ∞≥¨ B. mori lied on the outer- ®≥ªØ∂ºÆØ1 ªØ∞∫1 Ω®π∞®ª∞∂µ1 µ∂ª1 ∫Ø∂樴1 ®1 ∑∂∫∞ª∞Ω¨1 ™∂ππ¨≥®- ¥∂∫ª1 µ∂´¨ð1 ®∫1 ªØ¨1 ∂ºª1 ∂≠1 Æπ∂º∑1 û%∞ƺπ¨1 Wüï1 3Ø∞∫1 ¥¨®µ∫1 ª∞∂µï13Ø®ª1¥¨®µ1®¥∞µ∂1®™∞´1Ω®π∞¨∫1©¨™®º∫¨1∂≠1µº™≥¨∂ª∞´¨1 ªØ®ª1 2®ªºπµ∞∞´®¨1 æ®∫1 ∑Ø∞≥∂ƨµ¨ª∞™∫1 ¥∂µ∂∑Ø¿≥¨ª∞™ï1 C. Ω®π∞¨∫1 ªØ®ª1 ´¨π∞Ω¨´1 ≠π∂¥1 ∂≠1 ªπ®µ∫Ω¨π∫¨1 ∫º©∫ª∞ªºª∞∂µï1 -∂1 trifenestrata1 ∑∂∫∞ª∞∂µ1 æ®∫1 π¨≥®ª∞Ω¨≥¿1 ™∂µ∫∞∫ª¨µª1 æ∞ªØ1 ™Ø®µÆ¨1 ®¥∞µ∂1 ®™∞´1 ©¨™®º∫¨1 ∂≠1 ªπ®µ∫∞ª∞∂µ1 µº™≥¨∂ª∞´¨1 ≥∂ƨµ¨ª∞™1π¨≥®ª∞∂µ∫Ø∞∑∫1©®∫¨´1∂µ1µº™≥¨∂ª∞´¨1∫¨∏º¨µ™¨∫ð1

3®©≥¨1\ï13ب1Ω®π∞¨∫1®¥∞µ∂1®™∞´1®µ´1ªØ¨∞π1∫∞ª¨∫1®¥∂µÆ1∫∑¨™∞¨∫

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-∂ª¨ñ15½1Ω®≥∞µ¨ð13½1ªØπ¨∂µ∞µ¨ð1&½1Æ≥¿™∞µ¨ð12½1∫¨π∞µ¨ð1-½1®∫∑®π®Æ∞µ¨ð10½1Æ≥ºª®¥∞µ¨ð1 ½1®≥®µ∞µ¨ð1,½1¥¨ªØ∞∂µ∞µ¨ð1+½1≥¨º™∞µ¨ð1#½1®∫∑®πª∞™1®™∞´ð18½1ª¿π∂∫∞µ¨ð1 (½1∞∫∂≥¨º™∞µ¨ï1!∂≥≥¨´1≥¨4¨π∫1∞µ´∞™®ª¨1´∞®Æµ∂∫ª∞™1∫∞ª¨∫1≠∂π1¨®™Ø1∫∑¨™∞¨∫ï

3®©≥¨1]ï113ب1´∞¨π¨µ™¨1∂≠1µº¥©¨π1®µ´11∑¨π™¨µª®Æ¨1∂≠1W^_1®¥∞µ∂1®™∞´1∫¨∏º¨µ™¨1∂µ1C. trifenestrata1™∂¥∑®π¨´1æ∞ªØ1&¨µ!®µ≤1´®ª®

Species 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 - 2 [ûXð[ü 3 \ûYðVü [ûXð[ü 4 ZûXðXü YûWð[ü ZûXðVü 5 YûWð[ü XûWðVü YûWð[ü WûVð[ü 6 ZûXðVü WûVð[ü ZûXðVü XûWðVü WûVð[ü 7 YûWð[ü XûWðVü11 YûWð[ü11 WûVð[ü11 0 WûVð[ü11 8 WYû\ð\ü1 WYû\ð\ü1 W\û^ðVü1 WZû]ðVü11 WYû\ð\ü1 WXû\ðVü1 WYû\ð\ü1WX -

-∂ª¨ñ1W½1C. trifenestratað1X½1A. pernyið1Y½1A. yamamaið1Z½1 勵≥∞4®ð1[½1A. assamað1\½1A. proyleið1]½1A. royliið1^½1B. moriï1-º¥©¨π∫1∞µ1∑®π¨µªØ¨∫¨∫1∞µ´∞™®ª¨1 ∑¨π™¨µª®Æ¨1∂≠1®¥∞µ∂1®™∞´1´∞¨π¨µ™¨ï

August 2012 107 5∂≥ï1Y[1-∂ï1X 3'$1"' 1 "3$1(23("21.%1"83."'1.,$

3®©≥¨1^ï1&¨µ¨ª∞™1´∞∫ª®µ™¨∫1©¨ªæ¨¨µ1C. trifenestrata1æ∞ªØ1∫∑¨™∞¨∫1≠π∂¥1&¨µ!®µ≤1´®ª®ð1©®∫¨´1∂µ1[_[1©∑1".(1ƨµ¨1®ª1©¨≥∂æ1´∞®Æ∂µ®≥1®µ´1 ®¥∞µ∂1®™∞´1∫¨∏º¨µ™¨1®ª1®©∂Ω¨1´∞®Æ∂µ®≥

Species 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 - 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.025 0.025 0.031 0.082 2 0.14 0.000 0.000 0.006 0.006 0.013 0.082 3 0.15 0.07 0.000 0.006 0.006 0.013 0.082 4 0.13 0.08 0.10 0.006 0.006 0.013 0.082 5 0.15 0.10 0.08 0.10 0.000 0.006 0.075 6 0.13 0.01 0.07 0.08 0.10 0.006 0.075 7 0.13 0.03 0.07 0.08 0.10 0.02 0.082 8 0.17 0.13 0.13 0.15 0.15 0.12 0.12 -

-∂ª¨ñ1W½1C. trifenestratað1X½1A. pernyið1Y½1A. yamamaið1Z½1 勵≥∞4®ð1[½1A. assamað1\½1A. proyleið1]½1A. royliið1^½1B. mori.

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æØ∞≥¨1 勵≥∞4®1™Ø®µÆ¨´1∑∂∫∞ª∞∂µ1æ∞ªØ1A. assama û%∞ƺπ¨1 and B. mori1 û!∂¥©¿™∞´®¨ü1 ®∫1 ´∞¨π¨µª1 ≠®¥∞≥∞¨∫1 ´∞´1 µ∂ª1 Xü.13ب∫¨1≠¨µ∂¥¨µ∂¥1™≥¨®π≥¿1™®º∫¨´1∂≠1™Ø®µÆ¨´1®¥∞µ∂1 changed tree topology based on both in nucleotide and ®™∞´1®¥∂µÆ1∫∑¨™∞¨∫1ªØ®ª1æ®∫1™∂¥∑®π¨´ï ®¥∞µ∂1®™∞´1∫¨∏º¨µ™¨ï13Ø∞∫1¥¨®µ∫1ªØ®ª1ªØ¨1∑Ø¿≥∂ƨµ¨ª∞™1 3ب1 º∫¨1 ∂≠1 ´∞¨π¨µª1 ≠®¥∞≥∞¨∫1 ®∫1 ∂ºªÆπ∂º∑1 æبµ1 ∫∞Ƶ®≥1 ©¿1 ".(1 ∞∫1 ∫ª∞≥≥1 π∂©º∫ªï1 2∞¥∞≥®π1 π¨∫º≥ª∫1 æ¨π¨1 ®≥∫∂1 ™∂µ∫ªπº™ª∞µÆ1 ∑Ø¿≥∂ƨµ∞¨∫1 ∫∂¥¨ª∞¥¨∫1 ≥¨®´∫1 ª∂1 ´∞¨π- reported by Mahendran et al.1ûXVV\ü1æØ∞™Ø1∞µ´∞™®ª¨1ªØ®ª1 ¨µ™¨∫1 ∞µ1 ªπ¨¨1 ª∂∑∂≥∂Æ¿1 û%ºµ≤1 et alïð1 W__[üð1 ©ºª1 ªØ∞∫1 ´∞´1 ªØ¨1∑Ø¿∞≥∂ƨµ¨ª∞™1ªπ¨¨1©®∫¨´1∂µ1".(1∞∫1¥∂π¨1π∂©º∫ª1ªØ®µ1 not occur in C. trifenestrata. Phylogenetic construction ∑Ø¿≥∂ƨµ¨ª∞™1ªπ¨¨1©®∫¨´1∂µ1W\21- 1∫¨∏º¨µ™¨ï º∫∞µÆ1 µªØ¨π®¨®1 ®∫1 ≠¨≥≥∂æ1 ≠®¥∞≥¿1 ≥¨Ω¨≥1 û2®ªºπµ∞∞´®¨ü1

108 August 2012 241( - 1ET AL. Media Peternakan

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CONCLUSION Funk, D. J., D. J. Futuyma, G. Orti, & A. Meyer. 1995. Mito- ™Ø∂µ´π∞®≥1#- 1∫¨∏º¨µ™¨1®µ´1¥º≥ª∞∑≥¨1´®ª®1∫¨ª∫ñ1 1∑Ø¿- 3Ø∞∫1 ∫ªº´¿1 ∫º™™¨∫∫≠º≥≥¿1 ™Ø®π®™ª¨π∞¡¨´1 ªØ¨1 [_[1 ≥∂ƨµ¨ª∞™1∫ªº´¿1∂≠1∑Ø¿∂ª∂∑خƺ∫1©¨¨ª≥¨∫1û"Øπ¿∫∂¥¨≥∞´®¨ñ1 1 1 1 && µº™≥¨∂ª∞´¨∫1 ∂≠1 ".(1 ƨµ¨1 ∂≠1 C. trifenestrata. Nucleotides .∑Øπ®¨≥≥®üï ,∂≥ï !∞∂≥ï $Ω∂≥. 12: 627-640. Ø4∑ñ Æ∂≥®©ïºµ≥ï ¨´º&∑º©≥∞™®ª∞∂µ∫&%ºµ≤¨ª®≥_[ï∑´≠111ýXV1-∂Ω¨¥©¨π1XVV_þï æ¨π¨1 ´∂¥∞µ®ª¨´1 ©¿1 ªØ¿¥∞µ¨1 û3ü1 ®µ´1 ®´¨µ∞µ¨1 û ü1 Hulrc, J., S. C. Miller, G. P. S. K. Darrow, D. N. Muller, P. D. N. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ©®∫¨∫ û¹ ]V–üï -º™≥¨∂ª∞´¨∫ ∂≠ [_[ ©∑ ∂≠ ".( ƨµ¨ C. Hebert, & G. D. Weiblenï1XVV]ï1#- 1©®π™∂´∞µÆ1™∂µπ¥∫1 trifenestrata∫1¨µ™∂´¨´1W^_1®¥∞µ∂1®™∞´∫ï13æ∂1®¥∞µ∂1®™∞´∫1 ∑∂≥¿∑خƿ1∞µ1®1ƨµ¨π®≥∞∫ª1¥∂ªØð1Hontona mermerodes û+¨∑∞- æ¨π¨1 ∂©ª®∞µ¨´1 ®∫1 ∫∑¨™∞¨∫1 ¥®π≤¨π1 ≠∂π1 C. trifenestrata, i.e ´∂∑ª¨π®ñ13∂πªπ∞™∞´®¨üï1,∂≥ï11$™∂≥ï1]ñ[Z_,[[]ï1Ø4∑ñ&&´øï´∂∞ï 5®≥∞µ¨1®¥∞µ∂1®™∞´1WV]th1®µ´1ªØπ¨∂µ∞µ¨1®¥∞µ∂1®™∞´∫1WY^th. ∂πÆ&WVïWWWW&±ïWZ]W,^X^\ïXVV]ïVW]^\ïø C. trifenestrata1 ≥∞¨´1 ®ª1 ªØ¨1 ∫®¥¨1 µ∂´¨1 æ∞ªØ1 Antherasea Jiang, S. T., G. Y. Hong, M. Yu, N. Li, Y. Yang, Y. Q. Liu, & Z. ∫∑¨∫™∞¨∫ð1 æØ∞≥¨1 B. mori æ®∫ ®ª1 ∂ºªØ¨π¥∂∫ª1 µ∂´¨ï The J. Weiï1XVV_ï1"Ø®π®™ª¨π∞¡®ª∞∂µ1∂≠1ªØ¨1™∂¥∑≥¨ª¨1¥∞ª∂™Ø∂µ- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ≠®¥∞≥¿1∂≠12®ªºπµ∞∞´®¨1∞∫1¥∂µ∂∑Ø¿≥¨ª∞™ï ´π∞®≥ ƨµ∂¥¨ ∂≠ ªØ¨ Æ∞®µª ∫∞≥≤æ∂π¥ ¥∂ªØð Eriogyna pyreto- rum1û+¨∑∞´∂∑ª¨π®ñ12®ªºπµ∞∞´®¨üï (µªï1)ï1!∞∂≥ï12™∞ï1[ñY[W,Y\[ï1 Ø4∑ñ&&´øï´∂∞ï∂πÆ&WVï]W[V&∞±©∫ï[ïY[W1ýWZ1 ∑π∞≥1XVWXþï REFERENCES Kakati, L. N. & B. C. Chutiaï1 XVV_ï1 #∞Ω¨π∫∞ª¿1 ®µ´1 ¨™∂≥∂Æ¿1 ∂≠1 æ∞≥´1∫¨π∞™∞ƨµ∂º∫1∞µ∫¨™ª1∞µ1-®Æ®≥®µ´1(µ´∞®ï1)ï13π∂∑ï1$™∂≥ï Arunkumar, K. P., M. Muralidhar, & J. Nagaraju. 2006. Mo- 50:137-146. æææïªπ∂∑¨™∂≥ï™∂¥&∑´≠&∂∑¨µ/.ýW\1 ∑π∞≥1XVWXþï ≥¨™º≥®π1 ∑Ø¿≥∂ƨµ¿1 ∂≠1 ∫∞≥≤¥∂ªØ∫1 π¨Ω¨®≥∫1 ªØ¨1 ∂π∞Æ∞µ1 ∂≠1 ´∂- Karimi, J., M. H. Kakhki, & M. Modarres.1 XVWVï1 (´¨µª∞≠¿∞µÆ1 ¥¨∫ª∞™®ª¨´1 ∫∞≥≤¥∂ªØð1 Bombyx mori ≠π∂¥1 "Ø∞µ¨∫¨1 Bombyx ªØπ∞∑∫1û(µ∫¨™ª®ñ13Ø¿∫®µ∂∑ª¨π®ü1º∫∞µÆ1#- 1©®π™∂´¨∫ï1)ï1"¨≥≥1 mandarina ®µ´1 ∑®ª¨πµ®≥1 ∞µØ¨π∞ª®µ™¨1 ∂≠1 Antheraea proylei Mol. Res. 2: 35-41. Ø4∑ñ&&±¥ïº¥ï®™ï∞π&∞µ´¨øï∑Ø∑&©∞∂≥∂Æ¿& ¥∞ª∂™Ø∂µ´π∞®≥1#- ï11,∂≥ï11/Ø¿≥∂ƨµ¨ªï1$Ω∂≥ï ZVñ1ZW_.ZX]ï1 ®πª∞™≥¨&ï1ýW\1 ∑π∞≥1XVWXþï Ø4∑ñ&&´øï´∂∞ï∂πÆ&WVïWVW\&±ï¿¥∑¨ΩïXVV\ïVXïVXY1ýXV1-∂Ω¨¥- Kim, M. J., X. Wan, K. G. Kim., J. S. Hwang, & J. Kim. 2009. ber 2009]. "∂¥∑≥¨ª¨1 µº™≥¨∂ª∞´¨1 ∫¨∏º¨µ™¨1 ®µ´1 ∂πÆ®µ∞¡®ª∞∂µ1 ∂≠1 ªØ¨1 Cywinska, A. C., F. F. Hunter, & P. D. N. Hebert. 2006. Iden- ¥∞ª∂ƨµ∂¥¨1∂≠1¨µ´®µÆ¨π¨´1Eumenis autonoe û+¨∑∞´∂∑ª¨π®ñ1 ª∞≠¿∞µÆ1 "®µ®´∞®µ1 ¥∂∫∏º∞ª∂1 ∫∑¨™∞¨∫1 ªØπ∂ºÆØ1 #- 1 ©®π- -¿¥∑Ø®≥∞´®¨üï11 ≠πï1)ï1!∞∂ª¨™Øµ∂≥. 9: 735-754 Ø4∑ñ&&æææï ™∂´¨∫ï1 ,¨´ï1 5¨ª¨πï1 $µª∂¥∂≥. 20: 413-424. Ø4∑ñ&&´øï´∂∞ï ®™®´¨¥∞™±∂ºπµ®≥∫ï∂πÆ& )!ï1ý5 Oktober 2010]. ∂πÆ&WVïWWWW&±ïWY\[,X_W[ïXVV\ïVV\[Yïø1ýXV1-∂Ω¨¥©¨π1XVV_þï

August 2012 109 5∂≥ï1Y[1-∂ï1X 3'$1"' 1 "3$1(23("21.%1"83."'1.,$

Li, A. L, Q. Zhao, & Z. Hangï1 XVV[ï1 ,∂≥¨™º≥®π1 ∑Ø¿≥∂ƨµ¿1 ∂≠1 Nassig, W. A., R. J. L. Lampe, & S. Kagerï1XVV\ï1"ب™≤≥∞∫ª1∂≠1 ªØ¨1 ´∂¥¨∫ª∞™®ª¨´1 ∫∞≥≤æ∂π¥ð1 Bombyx mori, based on the 2º¥®ªπ®µ1 2®ªºπµ∞∞´®¨. Heterocera Sumatranaï1 &ł4∞µÆ¨µñ1 ∫¨∏º¨µ™¨∫1∂≠1¥∞ª∂™Ø∂µ´π∞®≥1cytochrome b genes. J. Genet. &𨨵1!∂∂≤12¨π∞¨∫ï ^ZñWY],WZXï1 Ø4∑ñ&&´øï´∂∞ï∂πÆ&WVïWVV]&!%VX]W[^Y_1 ý[1 .≤ª∂- Nei, M. & S. Kumar. 2003. Molecular Evolution and Phyloge- ber 2010]. netics.1.ø≠∂π´14µ∞Ω¨π∫∞ª¿1/π¨∫∫ð1-¨æ18∂π≤ï Li, Y. P., B. Yang, H. Wang, R. Xia, L. Wang, Z. Zhang, L. Qin, Sambrook , J. E. F. Fritsch, & T. Maniatis. 1989. Molecular & Y. Liu. 2009.1,∞ª∂™Ø∂µ´π∞®≥1#- 1®µ®≥¿∫∞∫1π¨Ω¨®≥∫1®1≥∂æ1 Cloning Laboratory Manual. 3nd Ed. Cold Spring Harbour µº™≥¨∂ª∞´¨1 ´∞Ω¨π∫∞ª¿1 ∂≠1 Caligula japonica in China. ≠πï1 )ï1 +®©ï1/π¨∫∫ð1-¨æ18∂π≤ï !∞∂ª¨™. 8:2707-2712. Ø4∑ñ&&æææï®±∂≥ï∞µ≠∂&∞µ´¨øï∑Ø∑&®±©& Suriana, D. D. Solihin, R. R. Noor, & A. M. Thohari. 2011. ®πª∞™≥¨&Ω∞¨æ%∞≥¨&\V^YZ&Z_VZ7ï1ý[1.≤ª∂©¨π1XVWVþï "Ø®π®™ª¨π∞¡®ª∞∂µ1∂≠1∑®πª∞®≥1™∂´∞µÆ1π¨Æ∞∂µ1©π∂∞µ1ƨµ¨1∂µ1 Liu, Y., Y. Li, M. Pan, F. Dai, X. Zhu, C. Lu, & Z. Xiang. æ∞≥´1 ∫∞≥≤¥∂ªØ1 Cricula trifenestrata '¨≥≠¨π1 û+¨∑∞´∂∑ª¨π®ñ1 XVV^ï13ب1™∂¥∑≥¨ª¨1¥∞ª∂™Ø∂µ´π∞®≥1ƨµ∂¥¨1∂≠1ªØ¨1"Ø∞µ¨∫¨1 2®ªºµ∞∞´®¨üï1,¨´ï1/¨ªï1YZñ1XY,X_ï1Ø4∑ñ&&´øï´∂∞ï∂πÆ&WVï[Y_^& ∂®≤1∫∞≥≤¥∂ªØð1Antheraea pernyi û+¨∑∞´∂∑ª¨π®ñ12®ªºπµ∞∞´®¨üï1 ¥¨´∑¨ªïXVWWïYZïWïXY ™ª®ï1 !∞∂™Ø¨¥ï1 !∞∂∑Ø¿∫ï1 2∞µ.1 ZVñ\_Y,]VYï1 Ø4∑ñ&&´øï´∂∞ï Tamura, K., J. Dudley, M. Nei, & S. Kumar. 2007. MEGA 4: Mo- ∂πÆ&WVïWV_Y&®©©∫&ZVï^ï\_Y1ý[1.≤ª∂©¨π1XVWVþï ≥¨™º≥®π1$Ω∂≥ºª∞∂µ¨π¿1&¨µ¨ª∞™∫1 µ®≥¿∫∞∫ï12∂≠ªæ®π¨15¨π∫∞∂µ1 Liao, F., L. Wang, S. Wu, Y. Li, L. Zhao, G. Huang, C. Niu, Y. Zï1,∂≥ï1!∞∂≥ï1$Ω∂≥ï XZñW[_\,W[__ï1Ø4∑ñ&&´øï´∂∞ï∂πÆ&WVïWV_Y& Liu, & M. Li. XVWVï13ب1™∂¥∑≥¨ª¨1¥∞ª∂™Ø∂µ´π∞®≥1ƨµ∂¥¨1 ¥∂≥©¨Ω&¥∫¥V_X ∂≠1ªØ¨1≠®≥≥1権æ∂π¥ð1Hypanthria cunea û+¨∑∞´∂∑ª¨πñ1 πª∞™- Toda, S. & T. Murai. 2006. Phylogenetic analysis based on ´®¨üï1(µªï1)ï1!∞∂≥ï12™∞.1\ñ1W]X,W^\ï1Ø4∑ñ&&´øï´∂∞ï∂πÆ&WVï]W[V& ¥∞ª∂™Ø∂µ´π∞®≥1".(1ƨµ¨1∫¨∏º¨µ™¨∫1∞µ1Thripstabaci Linde- ∞±©∫ï\ïW]X1ý[1.≤ª∂©¨π1XVWVþï ¥®µ1û3Ø¿∫®µ∂∑ª¨π®ñ13Øπ∞∑∞´®¨ü1∞µ1π¨≥®ª∞∂µ1ª∂1π¨∑π∂´º™ª∞Ω¨ Lunt, D. H., D. S. Zhang, D. M. Zhimura, & G. M. Dewit. 1996. ≠∂π¥∫1®µ´1ƨ∂Æπ®∑Ø∞™1´∞∫ªπ∞©ºª∞∂µï1 ∑∑≥ï11$µª∂¥∂≥ï19∂∂≥ï 3ب1 ∞µ∫¨™ª1 ™¿ª∂™Øπ∂¥¨1 ∂ø∞´®∫¨1 (1 ƨµ¨ñ1 ¨Ω∂≥ºª∞∂µ®π¿1 ∑®ª- ZXñ1YV_,YW\ï1Ø4∑ñ&&´øï´∂∞ï∂πÆ&WVïWYVY&®¨¡ïXVV]ïYV_ ª¨πµ1 ®µ´1 ™∂µ∫¨πΩ¨1 ∑π∞¥¨π1 ≠∂π1 ∑Ø¿≥∂ƨµ¨ª∞™∫1 ∫ªº´∞¨∫ï1 (µ- 3º∫≤¨∫ð/ï,ïð )ï/ï3º4≥¨ðí,ï,ï"∂≥≥∞µ∫ï1W__\ï13ب16∞≥´12∞≥≤1 ∫¨™ªï1,∂≥ï1!∞∂≥.1[ñW[Y,W\[ï1Ø4∑ñ&&´øï´∂∞ï∂πÆ&WVïWWWW&±ïWY\[, ,∂ªØ∫1∂≠1-∂πªØ1 ¥¨π∞™®. "∂πµ¨≥≥14µ∞Ω¨π∫∞ª¿1/π¨∫∫ï 42 ï X[^YïW__\睊VVVZ_ïø Weagner, B., A. Reineke, B. Lohr, & P. W. Zebit. 2006. Phy- Mahendran, B., S. K. Ghosh, & S. C. Kundu. 2006. Molecular ≥∂ƨµ¨ª∞™1 ∫ªº´¿1 ∂≠1 Diadegma ∫∑¨™∞¨∫1 û'¿¥¨µ∂∑ª¨π®ñ1 (™Ø- ∑Ø¿≥∂ƨµ¿1∂≠1∫∞≥≤,∑π∂´º™∞µÆ1∞µ∫¨™ª1©®∫¨´1∂µ1W\21π∞©∂∫∂¥®≥1 µ¨º¥∂µ∞´®¨ü1∞µ≠¨ππ¨´1≠π∂¥1®µ®≥¿∫∞∫1∂≠1¥∞ª∂™Ø∂µ´π∞®≥1®µ´1 1- 1®µ´1™¿ª∂™Øπ∂¥¨1∂ø∞´®∫¨1∫º©ºµ∞ª1(1ƨµ¨∫ï J. Genet. µº™≥¨®π1#- 1∫¨∏º¨µ™¨ï1!∞∂≥ï1"∂µªπ∂≥.1Y]ñ1WYW.WZVï1Ø4∑ñ&& 85: 31-38. www.ias.ac.in/jgenet/Vol85No1/31.pdf 1ý[1.≤ª∂©¨π1 ´øï´∂∞ï∂πÆ&WVïWVW\&±ï©∞∂™∂µªπ∂≥ïXVV\ïVWïVVZ 2010]. Wilson, J. J.1 XVWVï1 ∫∫¨∫∫∞µÆ1 ªØ¨1 Ω®≥º¨1 ∂≠1 #- 1 ©®π™∂´¨∫1 ®µ´1 Mueller, R. L. 2006. Evolutionary rates, divergence dates, and ∂ªØ¨π1∑π∞∂π∞ª¿1ƨµ¨1π¨Æ∞∂µ∫1≠∂π1¥∂≥¨™º≥®π1∑Ø¿≥∂ƨµ¨ª∞™∫1∂≠1 ªØ¨1∑¨π≠∂π¥®µ™¨1∂≠1¥∞ª∂™Ø∂µ´π∞®≥1ƨµ¨∫1∞µ1!®¿¨∫∞®µ1∑Ø¿- +¨∑∞´∂∑ª¨π®ï1/≥∂∫1.µ¨1[ñ1¨WV[X[ï1Ø4∑ñ&&´øï´∂∞ï∂πÆ&WVïWY]W& ≥∂ƨµ¨ª∞™1 ®µ®≥¿∫∞∫ï1 2¿∫ªï1 !∞∂≥. [[ñ1 X^_.YVVï1 Ø4∑ñ&&´øï´∂∞ï ±∂ºπµ®≥ï∑∂µ¨ïVVWV[X[ ýWZ1 ∑π∞≥1XVWXþï org/10.1080/10635150500541672

110 August 2012