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Molecular Phylogeny, Divergence Times and Biogeography of Spiders of the Subfamily Euophryinae (Araneae: Salticidae) ⇑ Jun-Xia Zhang A, , Wayne P
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 68 (2013) 81–92 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Molec ular Phylo genetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Molecular phylogeny, divergence times and biogeography of spiders of the subfamily Euophryinae (Araneae: Salticidae) ⇑ Jun-Xia Zhang a, , Wayne P. Maddison a,b a Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4 b Department of Botany and Beaty Biodiversity Museum, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4 article info abstract Article history: We investigate phylogenetic relationships of the jumping spider subfamily Euophryinae, diverse in spe- Received 10 August 2012 cies and genera in both the Old World and New World. DNA sequence data of four gene regions (nuclear: Revised 17 February 2013 28S, Actin 5C; mitochondrial: 16S-ND1, COI) were collected from 263 jumping spider species. The molec- Accepted 13 March 2013 ular phylogeny obtained by Bayesian, likelihood and parsimony methods strongly supports the mono- Available online 28 March 2013 phyly of a Euophryinae re-delimited to include 85 genera. Diolenius and its relatives are shown to be euophryines. Euophryines from different continental regions generally form separate clades on the phy- Keywords: logeny, with few cases of mixture. Known fossils of jumping spiders were used to calibrate a divergence Phylogeny time analysis, which suggests most divergences of euophryines were after the Eocene. Given the diver- Temporal divergence Biogeography gence times, several intercontinental dispersal event sare required to explain the distribution of euophry- Intercontinental dispersal ines. Early transitions of continental distribution between the Old and New World may have been Euophryinae facilitated by the Antarctic land bridge, which euophryines may have been uniquely able to exploit Diolenius because of their apparent cold tolerance. -
Fung Yuen SSSI & Butterfly Reserve Moth Survey 2009
Fung Yuen SSSI & Butterfly Reserve Moth Survey 2009 Fauna Conservation Department Kadoorie Farm & Botanic Garden 29 June 2010 Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden Publication Series: No 6 Fung Yuen SSSI & Butterfly Reserve moth survey 2009 Fung Yuen SSSI & Butterfly Reserve Moth Survey 2009 Executive Summary The objective of this survey was to generate a moth species list for the Butterfly Reserve and Site of Special Scientific Interest [SSSI] at Fung Yuen, Tai Po, Hong Kong. The survey came about following a request from Tai Po Environmental Association. Recording, using ultraviolet light sources and live traps in four sub-sites, took place on the evenings of 24 April and 16 October 2009. In total, 825 moths representing 352 species were recorded. Of the species recorded, 3 meet IUCN Red List criteria for threatened species in one of the three main categories “Critically Endangered” (one species), “Endangered” (one species) and “Vulnerable” (one species” and a further 13 species meet “Near Threatened” criteria. Twelve of the species recorded are currently only known from Hong Kong, all are within one of the four IUCN threatened or near threatened categories listed. Seven species are recorded from Hong Kong for the first time. The moth assemblages recorded are typical of human disturbed forest, feng shui woods and orchards, with a relatively low Geometridae component, and includes a small number of species normally associated with agriculture and open habitats that were found in the SSSI site. Comparisons showed that each sub-site had a substantially different assemblage of species, thus the site as a whole should retain the mosaic of micro-habitats in order to maintain the high moth species richness observed. -
Synchronised Counts of Vultures to Celebrate International Vulture
Synchronised counts of vultures to celebrate International Vulture Awareness Day Butterflies of Baghmara Buffer Zone Community Forest Checklist of serpents in Institute of Forestry, Hetauda Campus Complex Mammals of Bhimsen Thapa Rural Municipality Distribution of Sikkim Caecilian in Nepal First Record of King Cobra from Okhaldhunga and Sankhuwasabha districts Predation of Common Tree Frog by Ornate Flying Snake 2 Editorial The world is not the same as when we first called for articles for this issue. The COVID-19 pandemic caused by Inside this issue the recently discovered novel strain of coronavirus formally known as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2), has forced many countries into a complete 3 Synchronised counts of vultures to celebrate lockdown affecting every aspect of life. While most of us International Vulture Awareness Day in Nepal might be working from home and keeping ourselves K.P. Bhusal and D.B. Rana isolated, some are fighting this pandemic in the frontline. 7 Butterflies of Baghmara Buffer Zone Community To them, we express our sincere gratitude. Forest, Chitwan, Nepal So far, the general consensus is that the virus originated from a wet market of Wuhan, Hubei Province, R. Sedhain, D.R. Thanet, S. Bhattarai, R.R. Subedi and T.B. Gurung China as a result of wildlife trade. However, this is not new as spillover viral and bacterial infections from wildlife have 16 Checklist of serpents in Institute of Forestry, been known to occur in the past too. Take for example Hetauda Campus Complex, Makwanpur, Nepal Ebola, MERS, SARS and HIV which were viral infections A. -
Insect Pests
Crop Profile for Sweetpotatoes in Mississippi Prepared: May, 1999 General Production Information ● In 1997, sweetpotatoes were harvested from 8,400 acres in Mississippi. Production totaled 100 million lbs with a value of $18 million in 1997. Mississippi ranks fourth among states in sweetpotato production [8]. ● Commercial production is currently concentrated in Calhoun and Chickasaw Counties in north central Mississippi although sweetpotatoes are grown commercially in more than half of Mississippi’s counties. They can be grown throughout the state since all areas provide a frost-free period of more than 150 days [2]. Insect Pests Many insect pests have the potential to reduce the quality and yield of sweetpotatoes. Insects that damage the roots directly are the most trouble some and are referred to as soil insect pests. They can cause economic loss in relatively low numbers, and it is difficult to control then with insecticides because they live below the soil surface. Insects that injure the foliage reduce the yield of the plants indirectly and are referred to as foliage feeding insects. These insects can cause economic loss, but usually only at very high numbers, and it is relatively easy to control them with insecticides because they are exposed on the plant [1]. Sweetpotato Soil Insects: The sweetpotato root can be injured by several soil insects, including the sweetpotato weevil, rootworms, wireworms, white grubs, whitefringed beetles and flea beetles. The sweetpotato weevil larva is the only insect that tunnels throughout the root. Other soil insects feed on the surface on the developing sweetpotato root. The injury caused by rootworms and wireworms is similar and cannot be separated very easily. -
The Isolation, Genetic Characterisation And
The isolation, genetic characterisation and biological activity of a South African Phthorimaea operculella granulovirus (PhopGV-SA) for the control of the Potato Tuber Moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE At RHODES UNIVERSITY By MICHAEL DAVID JUKES February 2015 i Abstract The potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller), is a major pest of potato crops worldwide causing significant damage to both field and stored tubers. The current control method in South Africa involves chemical insecticides, however, there is growing concern on the health and environmental risks of their use. The development of novel biopesticide based control methods may offer a potential solution for the future of insecticides. In this study a baculovirus was successfully isolated from a laboratory population of P. operculella. Transmission electron micrographs revealed granulovirus-like particles. DNA was extracted from recovered occlusion bodies and used for the PCR amplification of the lef-8, lef- 9, granulin and egt genes. Sequence data was obtained and submitted to BLAST identifying the virus as a South African isolate of Phthorimaea operculella granulovirus (PhopGV-SA). Phylogenetic analysis of the lef-8, lef-9 and granulin amino acid sequences grouped the South African isolate with PhopGV-1346. Comparison of egt sequence data identified PhopGV-SA as a type II egt gene. A phylogenetic analysis of egt amino acid sequences grouped all type II genes, including PhopGV-SA, into a separate clade from types I, III, IV and V. These findings suggest that type II may represent the prototype structure for this gene with the evolution of types I, III and IV a result of large internal deletion events and subsequent divergence. -
An Inventory of Short Horn Grasshoppers in the Menoua Division, West Region of Cameroon
AGRICULTURE AND BIOLOGY JOURNAL OF NORTH AMERICA ISSN Print: 2151-7517, ISSN Online: 2151-7525, doi:10.5251/abjna.2013.4.3.291.299 © 2013, ScienceHuβ, http://www.scihub.org/ABJNA An inventory of short horn grasshoppers in the Menoua Division, West Region of Cameroon Seino RA1, Dongmo TI1, Ghogomu RT2, Kekeunou S3, Chifon RN1, Manjeli Y4 1Laboratory of Applied Ecology (LABEA), Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 353 Dschang, Cameroon, 2Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Agronomic Sciences (FASA), University of Dschang, P.O. Box 222, Dschang, Cameroon. 3 Département de Biologie et Physiologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Yaoundé 1, Cameroun 4 Department of Biotechnology and Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Agronomic Sciences (FASA), University of Dschang, P.O. Box 222, Dschang, Cameroon. ABSTRACT The present study was carried out as a first documentation of short horn grasshoppers in the Menoua Division of Cameroon. A total of 1587 specimens were collected from six sites i.e. Dschang (265), Fokoue (253), Fongo – Tongo (267), Nkong – Ni (271), Penka Michel (268) and Santchou (263). Identification of these grasshoppers showed 28 species that included 22 Acrididae and 6 Pyrgomorphidae. The Acrididae belonged to 8 subfamilies (Acridinae, Catantopinae, Cyrtacanthacridinae, Eyprepocnemidinae, Oedipodinae, Oxyinae, Spathosterninae and Tropidopolinae) while the Pyrgomorphidae belonged to only one subfamily (Pyrgomorphinae). The Catantopinae (Acrididae) showed the highest number of species while Oxyinae, Spathosterninae and Tropidopolinae showed only one species each. Ten Acrididae species (Acanthacris ruficornis, Anacatantops sp, Catantops melanostictus, Coryphosima stenoptera, Cyrtacanthacris aeruginosa, Eyprepocnemis noxia, Gastrimargus africanus, Heteropternis sp, Ornithacris turbida, and Trilophidia conturbata ) and one Pyrgomorphidae (Zonocerus variegatus) were collected in all the six sites. -
Molecular Identification Of
International Journal of Bioassays ISSN: 2278-778X www.ijbio.com Case Studies MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF THE SCUTELLERID BUG SCUTELLERA NOBILIS (FABRICIUS) (HEMIPTERA: PENTATOMOIDAE) FOR BIODIVERSITY STUDIES Bincy Babu and Ananthi Rachel Livingstone* Department of Zoology, Madras Christian College, Tambaram, Chennai-600059, Tamilnadu, India Received for publication: January 12, 2014; Accepted: February 23, 2014 Abstract: The present study was to identify the pest of biodiesel plant (Jatropha curcas), Scutellera nobilis and substantiating it through molecular studies, phylogenetic relationship and the evolutionary sequence divergence among the closely related individuals belonging to the Super family Pentatomoidea. The computed evolutionary sequence divergence is <0.35 within the COI gene sequences and concludes that Cytochrome Oxidase I gene sequence can potentially serve as a barcode data in the species identification among the studied group. Keywords: Scutellera nobilis, molecular studies, COI gene, sequence divergence INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS The scutellerid bug Scutellera nobilis Fabricius The specimens were identified using (Hemiptera : Pentatomidae) lays its eggs on stem, conventional morphological base method (Rao et al., petiole and leaves of Jatropha curcas in longitudinal 2010). The tissue samples were obtained from the manner. The laid egg hatches in five to nine days collected specimen by dissecting the animal and period. It takes about 33 days to develop as an adult cutting a small amount of tissue around the anal tube, from an egg stage. The Scutellera nobilis nymphs are to recover muscle tissue, which is rich in mitochondria pinkish in colour with black abdomen. Both the nymph (Ball and Armstrong, 2007). The DNA was then isolated and adults of Scutellera nobilis feed on developing by using the DNA isolation kit and Insta Gene Matrix. -
A Global Study of Forensically Significant Calliphorids: Implications for Identification
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by South East Academic Libraries System (SEALS) A global study of forensically significant calliphorids: Implications for identification M.L. Harveya, S. Gaudieria, M.H. Villet and I.R. Dadoura Abstract A proliferation of molecular studies of the forensically significant Calliphoridae in the last decade has seen molecule-based identification of immature and damaged specimens become a routine complement to traditional morphological identification as a preliminary to the accurate estimation of post-mortem intervals (PMI), which depends on the use of species-specific developmental data. Published molecular studies have tended to focus on generating data for geographically localised communities of species of importance, which has limited the consideration of intraspecific variation in species of global distribution. This study used phylogenetic analysis to assess the species status of 27 forensically important calliphorid species based on 1167 base pairs of the COI gene of 119 specimens from 22 countries, and confirmed the utility of the COI gene in identifying most species. The species Lucilia cuprina, Chrysomya megacephala, Ch. saffranea, Ch. albifrontalis and Calliphora stygia were unable to be monophyletically resolved based on these data. Identification of phylogenetically young species will require a faster-evolving molecular marker, but most species could be unambiguously characterised by sampling relatively few conspecific individuals if they were from distant localities. Intraspecific geographical variation was observed within Ch. rufifacies and L. cuprina, and is discussed with reference to unrecognised species. 1. Introduction The advent of DNA-based identification techniques for use in forensic entomology in 1994 [1] saw the beginning of a proliferation of molecular studies into the forensically important Calliphoridae. -
Bats and Moths Contribute to the Reproductive Success of the Columnar Cactus Pilosocereus Leucocephalus
Journal of Arid Environments xxx (xxxx) xxxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Arid Environments journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jaridenv Bats and moths contribute to the reproductive success of the columnar cactus Pilosocereus leucocephalus ∗ Antonio Miranda-Jácomea, Ricardo Rodríguez-Garcíaa, Miguel A. Munguía-Rosasb, a Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, 91190, Mexico b Laboratorio de Ecología Terrestre, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Carretera Antigua a Progreso km 6, Mérida, 97310, Mexico ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: The pollination systems of columnar cacti in the dry tropics are often thought to be highly specialized to bats. Bat pollination This specialization is generally inferred when flowers that are only exposed to the activity of nocturnal visitors Columnar cactus set fruit and seed. Although moths are also common visitors to the flowers of columnar cacti at night, it is Moth pollination generally thought that their contribution to the reproductive success of this cactus is negligible. Using selective Pollination exclusions, we assessed the contribution of bats and moths to the reproductive success in a population of Pollination system Pilosocereus leucocephalus in central Mexico. Fruit set was 100% for bat-pollinated flowers and 34% in moth- pollinated flowers. Seed number per fruit was 1473 in bat-pollinated and 836 in moth pollinated flowers. Our results clearly show that in addition to bats, moths are effective pollinators of Pilosocereus leucocephalus in the study area. Therefore, bats are the main pollinators of P. leucocephalus, and moths are the secondary pollinators. Columnar cacti are the dominant elements in the plant communities fruit (e.g. -
Contribution to the Knowledge of the Fauna of Bombyces, Sphinges And
driemaandelijks tijdschrift van de VLAAMSE VERENIGING VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE Afgiftekantoor 2170 Merksem 1 ISSN 0771-5277 Periode: oktober – november – december 2002 Erkenningsnr. P209674 Redactie: Dr. J–P. Borie (Compiègne, France), Dr. L. De Bruyn (Antwerpen), T. C. Garrevoet (Antwerpen), B. Goater (Chandlers Ford, England), Dr. K. Maes (Gent), Dr. K. Martens (Brussel), H. van Oorschot (Amsterdam), D. van der Poorten (Antwerpen), W. O. De Prins (Antwerpen). Redactie-adres: W. O. De Prins, Nieuwe Donk 50, B-2100 Antwerpen (Belgium). e-mail: [email protected]. Jaargang 30, nummer 4 1 december 2002 Contribution to the knowledge of the fauna of Bombyces, Sphinges and Noctuidae of the Southern Ural Mountains, with description of a new Dichagyris (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae, Endromidae, Saturniidae, Sphingidae, Notodontidae, Noctuidae, Pantheidae, Lymantriidae, Nolidae, Arctiidae) Kari Nupponen & Michael Fibiger [In co-operation with Vladimir Olschwang, Timo Nupponen, Jari Junnilainen, Matti Ahola and Jari- Pekka Kaitila] Abstract. The list, comprising 624 species in the families Lasiocampidae, Endromidae, Saturniidae, Sphingidae, Notodontidae, Noctuidae, Pantheidae, Lymantriidae, Nolidae and Arctiidae from the Southern Ural Mountains is presented. The material was collected during 1996–2001 in 10 different expeditions. Dichagyris lux Fibiger & K. Nupponen sp. n. is described. 17 species are reported for the first time from Europe: Clostera albosigma (Fitch, 1855), Xylomoia retinax Mikkola, 1998, Ecbolemia misella (Püngeler, 1907), Pseudohadena stenoptera Boursin, 1970, Hadula nupponenorum Hacker & Fibiger, 2002, Saragossa uralica Hacker & Fibiger, 2002, Conisania arida (Lederer, 1855), Polia malchani (Draudt, 1934), Polia vespertilio (Draudt, 1934), Polia altaica (Lederer, 1853), Mythimna opaca (Staudinger, 1899), Chersotis stridula (Hampson, 1903), Xestia wockei (Möschler, 1862), Euxoa dsheiron Brandt, 1938, Agrotis murinoides Poole, 1989, Agrotis sp. -
Catalogue of the Type Specimens of Lepidoptera Rhopalocera in the Hill Museum
Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries CATALOGUE OF THE Type Specimens of Lepidoptera Rhopalocera IN THE HILL MUSEUM BY A. G. GABRIEL, F.E.S. Issued June, 1932 LONDON JOHN BALE, SONS & DANIELSSON, LTD. 83-91, GBEAT TITCHFIELD STEEET, OXEOED STEEET, W. 1 1932 Price 20/- Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries Unfortunately Mr. Joicey did not live to see the publication of this Catalogue. It will however remain, together with the four completed volumes of the " Bulletin of the Hill Museum," as a lasting memorial to to the magnificent collection of Lepidoptera amassed by Mr. Joicey, and to the work carried out at the Hill Museum under his auspices. G. Talbot. Original from and digitized by National University of Singapore Libraries CATALOGUE OF THE TYPE SPECIMENS OF LEPIDOPTERA RHOPALOCERA IN THE HILL MUSEUM. By A. G. GABRIEL, F.E.S. INTRODUCTION BY G. TALBOT. It is important to know exactly where type specimens are to be found. The British Museum set an example by publishing catalogues of some of their Rhopalocera types, and we hope this will be continued. Mr. Gabriel, who was responsible for that work, has been asked by Mr. Joicey to prepare a catalogue for the Hill Museum. The original description of almost every name in this catalogue has been examined for the correct reference, and where the sex or habitat was wrongly quoted, the necessary correction has been made. -
Three Interesting Spiders of the Families Filistatidae, Clubionidae and Salticidae (Araneae) from Palau
Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. A, 37(4), pp. 185–194, December 22, 2011 Three Interesting Spiders of the Families Filistatidae, Clubionidae and Salticidae (Araneae) from Palau Hirotsugu Ono Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4–1–1, Amakubo, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305–0005 Japan E-mail: [email protected] (Received 29 August 2011; accepted 28 September 2011) Abstract Three interesting spiders from the Republic of Palau are reported. Filistata fuscata Nakatsudi, 1943 (Filistatidae), is taxonomically revised and redescribed with topotypical speci- mens newly obtained. Nakatsudi is regarded as the only author of the name, contrary to the hither- to treatments in the catalogues as Kishida, 1943 or Kishida in Nakatsudi, 1943. Filistata fuscata Kishida, 1947, validated on the basis of Kishida (1947) as its original description is regarded as a junior homonym and synonym of Filistata fuscata Nakatsudi, 1943. After a careful assessment of characteristics, the species is transferred from the original genus into Tricalamus Wang, 1987, and a new combination Tricalamus fuscatus is proposed. Two new species of the genera Clubiona La- treille, 1804 (Clubionidae) and Athamas O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1877 (Salticidae), are described from Koror Island of Palau under the names, Clubiona jaegeri sp. nov. and Athamas proszynskii sp. nov., respectively. Key words : Taxonomy, Araneae, Filistatidae, Clubionidae, Salticidae, Palau. In the course of research project on the biodi- The abbreviations used are as follows: ALE, versity inventory in western Pacific regions made anterior lateral eye; AME, anterior median eye; by the National Museum of Nature and Science, ap, in the apical part; PLE, posterior lateral eye; Tokyo, the author visited the Republic of Palau PME, posterior median eye.