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Neuroptera of the Amazon Basin

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Neuroptera of the Amazon Basin Neuroptera of the Amazon Basin Part 6. Mantispidae 0) Ncrman D. Penny (2) Abstract families. Thus, the Mantispidae and Berothidae can probably be termed sister groups in phylo- The 27 species of Mantispidae known from the genetic analysis. Amazon Basin are described, keys are presented to their identification, and distributions recorded. Seven new species are recorded for the first time: Plega bear- BIOLOGY di, Plega duckei, Plega paraense, Trichoscelia anae, Cli- maciella amapaensis, Mantispa ariasi, and Mantispa pár­ vula. Twenty names are synonomized: Anisoptera ro­ The eggs of mantispids are laid on the end mani Esben-Petersen = Anchieta bella Westwood; An­ of stalks, as in several other families of chieta nobilis Navas = Anchieta fumosella (Westwood); Neuroptera. The active, first instar larva will Mantispa cognatella Westwood = Plega hagenella seek out a suitable host, whereupon they will (Westwood); Anisoptera amoenula Gerstaecker = Tri­ remain attached as ectoparasites, becoming choscelia egella Westwood; Mantista (Trichoscelia) ba- sella Westwood = Trichoscelia iridella Westwood; Ani­ scarabaeiform in later instars. There appears soptera jocosa Gerstaecker and Symphrasis thaumasta to be three larval instars. Peterson (1960) Navas = Trichoscelia latifascia MacLachlan; Nóbrega mentioned mantispid larvae on spiders and in tinctus Navas = Climaciella semihyalina (Serville); En- spider egg cases. Woglum (1935) reported tanoneura chopardi Navas and Entanoneura jocosa Na­ Plega cocoons inside the cocoons of a noctuid vas = Mantispa batesella Westwood; Mantispa trilinea- ta Navas and Matispa gounellei Navas = Mantispa gra­ moth Xylomeges curialls Grote. Linsley & cilis Erichson: Mantispa viridis Stitz, Mantispa palles- MacSwain (1955) collected larvae of Plega cens Navas, Mantispilla flavescens Navas. Mantispilla in association with pupae of the sc?.rab beetle trichostigna Navas, Mantispa viridula Erichson, Mantis­ Cyclocephala. Based on this information, and pa flaveola, and Mantispa flavomaculata Latreille = further research of their own, Parker & Stange Mantispa minuta (Fabricius); nd Mantispa debilis Gers­ (1965) hypothesized that the melitomse group taecker = Mantispa compellens Walker. Lectotypes are designated for five species: Anchieta nobilis Navas, of Plega parasitize aculeate wasps, while the Trichoscelia partheniella Westwood. Trichoscelia iridel­ signata group parasitize subterranean insects. la Westwood. Mantispa myrapetrella Westwood, and In the British Museum (Natural History) are Mantispa moulti Navas. two specimens of Plega reared from the nssts of Trypoxylon albitarse Fabr. (Sphecidoe) and Zethus (Zethoides) miniatus Sauss. (Vesp'dae). INTRODUCTION In the Vienna Museum is a specimen of Tri­ choscelia varia reared from Polybia (Vesp'dae) Mantispidae, or mantid-flies, are dis­ nests, and the British Museum (Natural His­ tinctive members of the order Neuroptera; tory) has specimens of the same species being characterized as adults by swollen fore of mantispid reared from Myrapctra scu- femur and elongate pronotum. Larvae are tellaris (Vespidae) and Polyb'a ruliceps slender in the first instar, becoming scara- (Vespidae). At times these parasiles can baeiform in subsequent instars. Tjeder (1956) be very abundante. Some reared material has described an African berothid with rapto­ includes dozens of specimens from one nest, rial forelegs, and itemized an impressive list and Parker and Stange (Ibid.) found up to 71% of characters held in common by these two i ( 1 ) — The first parts of this series covered the following groups: part 1 — Sisyridae, part 2 — Dilaridae. part 3 — Ascalaphidae. part 4 — Sialidae, part 5 — Coniop :erygidae. (2) — Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus. ACTA AMAZCNICA 12(2): 415-463. 1982. — 415 of Megachile leaf cells in an artificial cave Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Pau­ in southern Mexico to be parasitized by Plega. lo (USP), Nelson Papavero and José Guimarães Both Plega and Trichoscelia belong to the Pla- I am also most grateful to Dr. Jorge R. tymantispinae; known hosts of Mantispinae Arias and his assistants Rui Alves de Freitas are spiders. and João Ferreira Vidal, for their efforts collecting many Amazonian Mantispidae. MORPHOLOGY R.G. Beard had intended to write a re­ vision of American Mantispidae before his In the past there has been little reliance death in 1968. Many type specimens in Euro­ on male genitalia for species identification. pean museums have Beard's determination This has led to heavy reliance on weak labels and synonomy labels on them. This has characters, such as body coloration and wing helped a great deal in directing me in the shape and venation. Penny (1982) raised doubts proper course of species identification. I and presented evidence to show the weakness have agreed with all labels, as marked by of the present grouping of some genera. By Beard, except for his determination that Plega use of male genitalia it becomes quickly evi­ melitomae Parker and Stange is a junior dent that the genera Necyla. Mantispa and En- synonym of Plega hagenella (Westwood). I tanoneura, as formerly defined, are polyphy- find that these two species, although very letic. Thus, these species are placed in res­ similar, show a differing number of male pective species groups within the genus Man­ paramere spines (see Table 1), and thus I have tispa. not synonomized them. However, this one In naming the structures of the male ge­ disagreement cannot diminish the overall as­ nitalia, I have tried to follow the most sistance given by these labels. comnonly used terms, as at the present time This work also could not have been there seems to be no concensus among carried out without the financial assistance of specialists. CNPq/INPA project 2020/401 and CNPq Proje­ to Trópico Úmido grant 3224. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS SlSTEMATICS Several museum curators have been quite generous with loans of material, and quite There has not been a comprehensive study helpful while I was visiting their museums to of all species of Mantispidae since Westwood (1852) described the 46 species known in his examine Amazonian mantispids. I would like time. Hagen (1861) listed the New World to gratefully acknowledge the help given by species, and in 1866 did the same for the whole these museums and curators: world. In somewhat more recent times, En- British Museum (Natural History), London derlein (1910) established much of our present (BMNH), Peter Barnard classification system, with a key to subfami­ Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris lies, tribes and genera. Stitz (1913) gave (MNHN), Jean LeGrand descriptions of species in the Berlin Museum, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi. Belém (MPEG), including many from South America. The William L. Overal subsequent 20 years was dominated by Museu Territorial Costa Lima, Macapá (MTCL), hundreds of species descriptions and dis­ Antonio Farias tributional records by Longinso Navás, many Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna (MWIE), of which were from Latin America. This period Alfred Kaltenbach was followed by almost no activity in taxonomy Hope Department of Zoology, Oxford Univer­ of South American Mantispidae for more than sity, Oxforfl (OXF), Dr. Graham 25 years. However, in 1958. Williner and Kor- United States National Museum, Washington, milev described the species of Mantispidae from Argentina, and In 1960 Handschin redes- (USNM), Oliver S. Flint, Jr. cribed the South American species of Clima- KEY TO GENERA OF PLATYMANTISPINAE ciella, Entanoneura and Paramantispa, using drawings of some male genitalia for the first 1a. Subbasal spine of fore femur present; time from this region. Parker & Stange (1965) hindwing recurrent vein of media without presented valuable new characters for charac­ crossvein 2 ters for separation of Plega and Trichoscelia. 1b. Subbasal spine of fore femur absent; In 1977 Penny listed 15 genera and 112 species hindwing recurrent vein of media with from Latin America. The present study de­ crossvein Trichoscelia scribes the genera and species from Amazo­ 2a. Forewing second radial cell curving nia. The two subfamilies can be separated around wing apex Plega using the following key: 2b. Forewing second radial cell straight .... Anchieta KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF AMAZONIAN Anchieta Navas, 1909 MANTISPIDAE Anisoptera Schneider, 1843, Mon. Raphidiae, p 32 (preoccupied by Anisoptera Berthold. 1827, and 1a. Fore tarsi with two claws and arolium; Anisoptera Herrich-Schaeffer, 1840). female bearing ovipositor; male with Anchieta Navas, 1909, Mes. R. Acad, cienc. artes Bar­ coiled or recurved, internal spinasternum; celona, (3) 7: 483. anterior first tarsal segment with a denti­ Platymantispa Rehn, 1939, Ent. News, 50: 82. form process; pronotum only slightly Ion Anisopterana Strand, 1942, Folia zool. hydrobiol., 11:389. ger than wide PLATYMANTISPINAE TYPE SPECIES: of Anisoptera Schneider is Ani­ 1b. Fore tarsi with one claw and lacking soptera notha Erichson (1839), designated by arolium; female without ovipositor; male Enderlein (1910); of Anchieta is Anchieta no­ with simple internal spinasternum; ante­ bilis Navas, by monotypy. rior first tarsal segment without dentiform Anchieta is closely related to Plega, with process; pronotum two or three times as both having a large subbasal spine on the fore long as wide MANTISPINAE femur. Species of Anchieta from southern Brazil (and A. fumosella) are quite distinctive, having some dark infuscation of the wings and Platymantispinae Rehn, 1939 larger size. The few specimens known from Amazonia
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