Neuroptera of the Amazon Basin

Ncrman D. Penny (2)

Abstract families. Thus, the Mantispidae and Berothidae can probably be termed sister groups in phylo- The 27 species of Mantispidae known from the genetic analysis. Amazon Basin are described, keys are presented to their identification, and distributions recorded. Seven new species are recorded for the first time: Plega bear- BIOLOGY di, Plega duckei, Plega paraense, Trichoscelia anae, Cli- maciella amapaensis, Mantispa ariasi, and Mantispa pár vula. Twenty names are synonomized: Anisoptera ro The eggs of mantispids are laid on the end mani Esben-Petersen = Anchieta bella Westwood; An of stalks, as in several other families of chieta nobilis Navas = Anchieta fumosella (Westwood); Neuroptera. The active, first instar larva will Mantispa cognatella Westwood = Plega hagenella seek out a suitable host, whereupon they will (Westwood); Anisoptera amoenula Gerstaecker = Tri remain attached as ectoparasites, becoming choscelia egella Westwood; Mantista (Trichoscelia) basella Westwood = Trichoscelia iridella Westwood; Ani scarabaeiform in later instars. There appears soptera jocosa Gerstaecker and Symphrasis thaumasta to be three larval instars. Peterson (1960) Navas = Trichoscelia latifascia MacLachlan; Nóbrega mentioned mantispid larvae on spiders and in tinctus Navas = Climaciella semihyalina (Serville); En- spider egg cases. Woglum (1935) reported tanoneura chopardi Navas and Entanoneura jocosa Na Plega cocoons inside the cocoons of a noctuid vas = Mantispa batesella Westwood; Mantispa trilineata Navas and Matispa gounellei Navas = Mantispa gra moth Xylomeges curialls Grote. Linsley & cilis Erichson: Mantispa viridis Stitz, Mantispa palles- MacSwain (1955) collected larvae of Plega cens Navas, Mantispilla flavescens Navas. Mantispilla in association with pupae of the sc?.rab beetle trichostigna Navas, Mantispa viridula Erichson, Mantis Cyclocephala. Based on this information, and pa flaveola, and Mantispa flavomaculata Latreille = further research of their own, Parker & Stange Mantispa minuta (Fabricius); nd Mantispa debilis Gers (1965) hypothesized that the melitomse group taecker = Mantispa compellens Walker. Lectotypes are designated for five species: Anchieta nobilis Navas, of Plega parasitize aculeate wasps, while the Trichoscelia partheniella Westwood. Trichoscelia iridel signata group parasitize subterranean insects. la Westwood. Mantispa myrapetrella Westwood, and In the British Museum (Natural History) are Mantispa moulti Navas. two specimens of Plega reared from the nssts of Trypoxylon albitarse Fabr. (Sphecidoe) and Zethus (Zethoides) miniatus Sauss. (Vesp'dae). INTRODUCTION In the Vienna Museum is a specimen of Tri choscelia varia reared from Polybia (Vesp'dae) Mantispidae, or mantid-flies, are dis nests, and the British Museum (Natural His tinctive members of the order Neuroptera; tory) has specimens of the same species being characterized as adults by swollen fore of mantispid reared from Myrapctra scu- femur and elongate pronotum. Larvae are tellaris (Vespidae) and Polyb'a ruliceps slender in the first instar, becoming scara- (Vespidae). At times these parasiles can baeiform in subsequent instars. Tjeder (1956) be very abundante. Some reared material has described an African berothid with rapto includes dozens of specimens from one nest, rial forelegs, and itemized an impressive list and Parker and Stange (Ibid.) found up to 71% of characters held in common by these two

i ( 1 ) — The first parts of this series covered the following groups: part 1 — Sisyridae, part 2 — Dilaridae. part 3 — Ascalaphidae. part 4 — Sialidae, part 5 — Coniop :erygidae. (2) — Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus.

ACTA AMAZCNICA 12(2): 415-463. 1982. — 415 of Megachile leaf cells in an artificial cave Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Pau in southern Mexico to be parasitized by Plega. lo (USP), Nelson Papavero and José Guimarães Both Plega and Trichoscelia belong to the Pla- I am also most grateful to Dr. Jorge R. tymantispinae; known hosts of Mantispinae Arias and his assistants Rui Alves de Freitas are spiders. and João Ferreira Vidal, for their efforts collecting many Amazonian Mantispidae. MORPHOLOGY R.G. Beard had intended to write a re vision of American Mantispidae before his In the past there has been little reliance death in 1968. Many type specimens in Euro on male genitalia for species identification. pean museums have Beard's determination This has led to heavy reliance on weak labels and synonomy labels on them. This has characters, such as body coloration and wing helped a great deal in directing me in the shape and venation. Penny (1982) raised doubts proper course of species identification. I and presented evidence to show the weakness have agreed with all labels, as marked by of the present grouping of some genera. By Beard, except for his determination that Plega use of male genitalia it becomes quickly evi melitomae Parker and Stange is a junior dent that the genera Necyla. Mantispa and En- synonym of Plega hagenella (Westwood). I tanoneura, as formerly defined, are polyphy- find that these two species, although very letic. Thus, these species are placed in res similar, show a differing number of male pective species groups within the genus Man paramere spines (see Table 1), and thus I have tispa. not synonomized them. However, this one In naming the structures of the male ge disagreement cannot diminish the overall as nitalia, I have tried to follow the most sistance given by these labels. comnonly used terms, as at the present time This work also could not have been there seems to be no concensus among carried out without the financial assistance of specialists. CNPq/INPA project 2020/401 and CNPq Proje to Trópico Úmido grant 3224. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

SlSTEMATICS Several museum curators have been quite generous with loans of material, and quite There has not been a comprehensive study helpful while I was visiting their museums to of all species of Mantispidae since Westwood (1852) described the 46 species known in his examine Amazonian mantispids. I would like time. Hagen (1861) listed the New World to gratefully acknowledge the help given by species, and in 1866 did the same for the whole these museums and curators: world. In somewhat more recent times, En- British Museum (Natural History), London derlein (1910) established much of our present (BMNH), Peter Barnard classification system, with a key to subfami Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris lies, tribes and genera. Stitz (1913) gave (MNHN), Jean LeGrand descriptions of species in the Berlin Museum, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi. Belém (MPEG), including many from South America. The William L. Overal subsequent 20 years was dominated by Museu Territorial Costa Lima, Macapá (MTCL), hundreds of species descriptions and dis Antonio Farias tributional records by Longinso Navás, many Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna (MWIE), of which were from Latin America. This period Alfred Kaltenbach was followed by almost no activity in taxonomy Hope Department of Zoology, Oxford Univer of South American Mantispidae for more than sity, Oxforfl (OXF), Dr. Graham 25 years. However, in 1958. Williner and Kor- United States National Museum, Washington, milev described the species of Mantispidae from Argentina, and In 1960 Handschin redes- (USNM), Oliver S. Flint, Jr. cribed the South American species of Clima- KEY TO GENERA OF PLATYMANTISPINAE ciella, Entanoneura and Paramantispa, using drawings of some male genitalia for the first 1a. Subbasal spine of fore femur present; time from this region. Parker & Stange (1965) hindwing recurrent vein of media without presented valuable new characters for charac crossvein 2 ters for separation of Plega and Trichoscelia. 1b. Subbasal spine of fore femur absent; In 1977 Penny listed 15 genera and 112 species hindwing recurrent vein of media with from Latin America. The present study de crossvein Trichoscelia scribes the genera and species from Amazo 2a. Forewing second radial cell curving nia. The two subfamilies can be separated around wing apex Plega using the following key: 2b. Forewing second radial cell straight .... Anchieta

KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF AMAZONIAN Anchieta Navas, 1909 MANTISPIDAE Anisoptera Schneider, 1843, Mon. Raphidiae, p 32 (preoccupied by Anisoptera Berthold. 1827, and 1a. Fore tarsi with two claws and arolium; Anisoptera Herrich-Schaeffer, 1840). female bearing ovipositor; male with Anchieta Navas, 1909, Mes. R. Acad, cienc. artes Bar coiled or recurved, internal spinasternum; celona, (3) 7: 483. anterior first tarsal segment with a denti Platymantispa Rehn, 1939, Ent. News, 50: 82. form process; pronotum only slightly Ion Anisopterana Strand, 1942, Folia zool. hydrobiol., 11:389. ger than wide PLATYMANTISPINAE TYPE SPECIES: of Anisoptera Schneider is Ani 1b. Fore tarsi with one claw and lacking soptera notha Erichson (1839), designated by arolium; female without ovipositor; male Enderlein (1910); of Anchieta is Anchieta no with simple internal spinasternum; ante bilis Navas, by monotypy. rior first tarsal segment without dentiform Anchieta is closely related to Plega, with process; pronotum two or three times as both having a large subbasal spine on the fore long as wide MANTISPINAE femur. Species of Anchieta from southern Brazil (and A. fumosella) are quite distinctive, having some dark infuscation of the wings and Platymantispinae Rehn, 1939 larger size. The few specimens known from Amazonia are smaller, without wing pigmenta Symphrasini Navas. 1909, Mem. R. Acad, cienc. artes tion and generally of a wing shape less longate Barcelona, 7 (1): 484. and more rounded than specimens from Anisopterinae Enderlein, 1910, Stett. ent. Ztg., 71-342. southern Brazil. What at first appears to be Platymantispinae Rehn, 1939, Ent. News, 50: 82. two quite distinctive genera, in fact display some similarities in Amazonia. However, the TYPE GENUS: Platymantispa, a replacement seven specimens and three species of Amazo name for Anisoptera Schneider, now conside nian Anchieta (excluding A. fumosella) display red a synonym of Anchieta Navas. another distinctive feature-greatly expanded hind tibiae. Thus, there is not a gradual This is the most primitive of mantispid transition from Plega to Anchieta, and I have subfamilies, having a relatively short prono kept the two genera separated. tum, and trichosors along the wing margin. Females have a specialized "ovipositor". This The four Amazonian species of Anchieta: subfamily is completely confined to the New A. partheniella, A. eurydella, A. bella, and A. World. Only three genera are presently fumosella were all collected by Henry W. Ba recognized in this group: Anchieta, Plega, and tes in his travels in Amazonia between 1849 Trichoscelia, which can be separated using the and 1859. These specimens are deposited in following key: the Hope Entomology Collection of Oxford University, Oxford, England, and they all bear Trichoscelia romani (Esben-Petersen) Penny, 1977, Acta no locality label beyond the word "Amazons". Amaz., 7 (4): 37, supl., new synonomy. Three other specimens of A. bella are known: Holotype female of A. bella in the Hope the holotype male of Anisoptera romani Esben- Entomology Collection, Oxford, England. Petersen in the Stockholm Museum, a male in the Paris Museum, and a female in the Syste Holotype male of Anisoptera romani in the matic Entomology Collection of INPA. I know Stockholm Museus, Stockholm, Sweden. of three other specimens of A. fumosella, and Present description based on holotype of two other specimens in this genus. Thus, A. bella and 1 male, 1 female, pinned. although I know of five species in this genus, HEAD: Frons pale; vertex dark fuscous. they are known from a total of 12 specimens, Antennal flagellomeres twice as wide as long, 11 of them from Brazil. dark fuscous, except five subapical segments

The small size and swollen orange and pale. black hind tibiae of some species give these THORAX: Dark fuscous, with transverse mantispids the appearance of stingless bees pale stripe on prozona of pale specimens. (Meliponini), which are common in the region. LEGS: Fore trochanter anteriorly dark There is perhaps a more specific relationship fuscous. Fore femur dorsally dark fuscous, between these two groups. ventrally pale yellow; medially bearing 14 The four known species of Anchieta from spines and small subbasal spine. Fore tibia Amazonia can be separ a ted, using the apically dark fuscous. Hind tibia dark medially, following key. with orange proximally and apically. Thick setae on hind tibia corresponding in coloration KEY TO AMAZONIAN SPECIES OF ANCHIETA of the area.

WINGS: Forewing membrane transparent, 1a. Forewjng with dark infuscation along with slight infuscation below pterostigma. subcostal and radial area; male ninth Pterostigma of forewing dark fuscous medially, tergite with long bristles laterally and paler proximal and distal. Second radial A. fumosella cell not curved. 1b. Forewing transparent; male genitalia GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION; Amazonia, unknown 2 Henry W. Bates, 1849-1859, 1 female (OXF); 2a. Hind tibia three times as long as wide, Brasil: Amazonas, Autax River, 6-IX, A. Roman, black medially with orange proximally and 1 male (Stockholm Museum); Amazonas, Ma- distally A. bella naus, Parque de Laranjeiras, 5-VIII-1981, J. 2b. Hind tibia only twice as long as wide, Arias. 1 female; French Guyana: Charvein, coloration otherwise 3 X-1914, R. Benoist, 1 male (MNHN). There is no locality on Brazilian maps called Autax or 3a. Hind tibia completely orange Rio Autax, but along the Amazon River just A. partheniella east of Manaus is a small town called Autazes, 3b. Hind tibia predominantly black, with with three small rivers close by using the name orange on basal fifth A. eurydella Rio Autas. I have been told that the spelling of both the rivers and town is locally spelled Anchieta bella (Westwood, 1867) new Autax. Thus, this is almost certainly the type combination locality of Anisoptera romani. (Map 1) This species can be separated from the Mantispa (Trichoscelia) bella Westwood, 1867, Trans. other three Amazonian species of Anchieta by R. ent. Soc. Lond., (3) 5: 502. the transparent wing membrane and somewhat Trichoscelia beJJa (Westwood) Enderlein, 1910, Stett. less swollen hind tibia and different color ent. Ztg., 71: 376. Anisoptera romani Esben-Petersen, 1917, Ark. Zool., 11 pattern of this structure. Although I have not (10): 14. seen the type specimen of Anisoptera romani, there is in the Paris Museum a specimen LEGS: Hind tibia black, except basal fifth identified as his species which agrees in orange. Thick black setae covering much of almost all characters with the description of hind tibia. Subbasal spine on fore femur. the type male. Although this specimen is WINGS; Forewing membrane transparent. somewhat paler in coloration than the holotype Pterostigma of forewing pale orange, about as female of Trichoscelia bella, the differences wide as long. Pterostigma of hindwing dark are minor, and due mostly to the more dis fuscous, about three times as long as wide. tinctive contrast in coloration of the paler Second radial cell of forewing straight. specimen. Thus, lacking distinctive features GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION; Amazonia, to separate these two names, I have synono- Henry W. Bates, 1849-1859, 1 female (OXF). mized Anisoptera romani.. This species can be separated from A. bella by its more swollen hind tibia, and from Anchieta eurydella (Westwood, 1867) new A. eurydella by the orange coloration of the combination hind tibia. Mantispa (Trichoscelia) eurydella Westwood, 1867, Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond., (3) 5: 501. Anchieta fumosella (Westwood, 1867) new Trichoscelia eurydella (Westwood) Enderlein, 1910, Stett. combination ent. Ztg., 71: 376. (Figs. 2-7, Map 1)

Holotype female in the Hope Entomology Mantispa (Trichoscelia) fumosella Westwood, 1967, Collection, Oxford, England. Present de Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond., (3) 5: 504. scription based on holotype. Trichoscelia fumosella (Westwood) Enderlein, 1910, Stett. ent. Ztg., 71: 376. HEAD: Dark fuscous. Antennal flagellome- Anchieta nobilis Navas, 1909, Mem. R. Acad, cienc. ar res twice as wide as long, dark fuscous, tes Barcelona, (3) 7: 484. except a few subapical segments pale yellow. Trichoscelia nobilis (Navas) Enderlein, 1910, Stett. ent. THORAX: Dark fuscous. Ztg., 71: 376, new synonomy.

Figure 1 — Lateral view of Trichoscelia iridella Westwood. (from Penny and Arias. 1981). Holotype male of Mantispa (Trichoscelia) Hindwing membrane clear, except subcostal fumosella in Hope Entomology Collection. and part of radial area fuscous. Medial Oxford, England. Lectotype male and paralec- recurrent vein present, without crossvein. totype female of Anchieta nobilis in the Paris ABDOMEN: First four abdominal segments Museum. Description based on holotype of orange, abruptly changing to black posteriorly. T. fumosella and iectotypes of Anchieta no Darker specimens black dorsally, reddish bilis and 2 males, pinned. brown to yellowish brown ventrally. Male HEAD: Occiput and frons yellow with la ninth tergite with long, paie bristles laterally. teral piceus stripes, becoming completely Ninth sternite bearing very stout setae and black in some specimens; genae yellow to ventro-medial patch of small teeth. Male black with medial yellow spot. Antennal spinasternum simply recurved. Gonocoxites flagellomeres dark fuscous, becoming gradu ending in single acute process (Figs. 3-7). ally paler apically; twice as wide as long, with ring of dense, dark setae; of 46 segments. BODY LENGTH: male, 10 mm. Maxillary and labial palpi black. FOREWING LENGTH: male, 10-12 mm; fe male, 7 mm. THORAX: Pronota black with two longitu VARIATION: Darker specimens, such as dinal yellow stripes, these stripes being absent the type of T. fumosella, are completely in darker specimens. Meso- and metanota fuscous to black, without color patterns on the yellow, with three longitudinal black stripes. body, while paler specimens, such as the type Notal areas with black margining of yellow of Anchieta nobilis, have very distinctive sclerites. markings on the body. Thus, at first these two LEGS: Fore coxa yellow to dark fuscous, named species appear to be quite different. with yellow apical ring on dark specimens. However, I have seen intermediate stages in Fore femur yellow to fuscous, with darker J-shaped mark at middle and dark along closing face. Subbasal spine present; yellow basally. black apically. Four lateral spines of fore femur black. Fore tibia proximally yellowish brown, becoming black apically. Apex of fore tibia with patch of goiden setae on medial surface. First fore tarsal segment elongate, with large subapical spinal process; black basally, fuscous apically. Second to fourth tarsal segments very small; reddish brown. Two tarsal claws and arolium present on foreleg. Mid- and hindleg segments yellowish, becoming gradually fuscous proximally in darker specimens, and fuscous on the posterior margin of middle and hind tibiae.

WINGS: Forewing membrane clear, with dark infuscation in subcostal area and radial area basad of pterostigma. Eighteen costal crossveins, the majority in apical third of Figures 2-7 — Anchieta fumosella (Westwood). 2) right forewing; 3) male parameres; 4) male terminalia, dor forewing. Pterostigma of forewing about four sal view; 5) male terminalia, lateral view; 6) male ter times as long as wide; fuscous. Some setae minalia, ventral view — uncleared; 7) male terminalia, on membrane of radial area, especially near ventral view — cleared, gnx = gonarcus, pa = para- first sc-r crijssvein. Three radial veins origi mere, ss = spinasternum, VIII S = eighth sternite, nating from first radial cell; five radial veins IX S = ninth sternite. VIII T = eighth tergite. IX T originating from second radial cell (Fig. 2). = ninth tergite, X T = ectoproct. this color transition, and the males appear to GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Amazonia, have the same genitalia. Thus, without any Henry W. Bates, 1849-1859, 1 male, 1 female. structural differences between the two This species can be separated from A. species, and intergrading variation, I have bella by its more swollen hind tibia, and from decided to synonomize the junior name, An A. eurydella by the orange coloration of the chieta nobilis Navas. hind tibia. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: WeSTWOOd (1867) recorded the type locality as Amazonia, Plega Navas, 1928 collected by H.W. Bates, although there is Plega Navas, 1928b, Revta. chil. Hist, nat., 31 (1927): now no label on the holotype to verify this 326. statement. There is one male in the Systema tic Entomology Collections of INPA from Santa TYPE SPECIES: Symphrasis signata Hagen, by Catarina State in southern Brazil, and a second original designation. male in the collection of Universidade Federal Plega is very similar to Trichoscelia and de Minas Gerais in central Brazil. The types Anchieta, and for many years was considered of A. nobilis are from Goias State in central a synonym of the former genus. However, Brazil. Parker & Stange (1965) have given a number This species of Anchieta can readily be of additional characters to use in separating separated from the other three Amazonian Plega from Trichoscelia, the most distinctive species by its larger size and dark markings of which is the subbasal spine on the fore along the subcostal margin of the forewing. femur, which is not found in Trichoscelia. The hind tibia of A. fumosella is not expanded Penny (1982) has given characters to separate as it is in other Amazonian species and A. Plega from Anchieta, and the Amazonian notha. species of Anchieta (with the exception of A. fumosella) all have swollen hind tibiae, which Anchieta partheniella (Westwood, 1867) is lacking in Plega. Plega presently contains new combination 13 species, including three new ones, ranging

Mantispa (Trichoscelia) partheniella Westwood, 1867, from Bolivia to the United States. Some Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond., (3) 5: 501. salient features of the various species are Trichoscelia partheniella (Westwood) Enderlein, 1910, listed in Table 1. Three species of the melito- Stett. ent. Ztg., 71: 376. mae group and one species of the signata group are known to exist in the Amazon Basin, Lectotype male and paralectotype female and can be separated by the following key. in the Hope Entomology Collection, Oxford, England Present description based on lectotypes. KEY TO AMAZONIAN SPECIES OF PLEGA HEAD; Dark fuscous. Antennal flagellomeres twice as wide as long, dark fuscous, except 1a. Basal antennal flagellomeres twice a few subapical segments pale yellow. as wide as long [signata group) THORAX: Dark fuscous. P. duckei LEGS: Fore femur orange with dorsal black 1b. Basal antennal flagellomeres as long spot covering most of dorsal surface. Hind as wide [melitomae group) 2 tibia very swollen; about twice as long as wide; orange with dense pilosity. 2a. Three to four subapical antenna! segments pale yellow; male spinaster WINGS: Forewing membrane transparent. num simply recurved P. hagenella Forewing pterostigma diffuse orange; about as wide as long. Hindwing pterostigma dark 2b. All antennal flagellomeres dark; fuscous; three times as long as wide. Second spinasternum of known species coiled radial vein of forewing not curved. 3 Map 1 — Geographical distribution of Amazonian species of Anchieta.

TABLE 1 — Characteristics of species of Plega.

GEOGRAPHICAL N.° OF PARAMERE SPECIES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION SPINES GROUP

P. banksi Rehn U.S.A. 7 signata P beardi, n.sp. Amazon 5 melitomae P. dactylota dactylota Rehn U.S.A. 8 signata P. dactylota lipanica Rehn U.S.A. 8 signata P. duckei, n.sp. Amazon 4 signata P. fasciatella (Westwood) Panama to Bolivia ? signata P fratercula Rehn U.S.A. 5 P. fumosa Linsley and MasSwain Mexico 8 signata P. hagenella (Westwood) Mexico to Amazon 3 melitomae P. melitomae Linsley and MacSwain Mexico 4 melitomae P. paraense, n.sp. Amazon ? melitomae P signata (Hagen) U.S.A. to Colombia 3 signata P trifasciata (Stitz) Bolivia and Ecuador 5 signata P variegata Navas Mexico ? ? P yucatanae Parker and Stange Mexico 2 melitomae 3a. More than 60 antennal flagellomeres; distally and proximally, yellowish medially. Mid pale brown; mesonotum with majority and hind trochanter subquad»-ate, yellowish. of pilosity pale yellow; 10-11 spines on Femur with basal and subapical bands yellow. mesal surface of fore femur . P. paraense Tibia with four piceus bands. Mid and hind tarsal segments yellowish brown. 3b. Less than 40 flagellomeres; basal ten antennal flagellomeres piceus; meso WINGS: Forewing with recurrent humeral notum with majority of pilosity black; crossvein. Pterostigma about four times as 7-8 spines on mesal surface of fore long as wide, piceus proximally and distally, femur P. beardi yellow in middle. All veins alternating piceus and yellow in checkered pattern. Vein forks and crossveins bordered with piceus (Fig. 8). Flega beardi, n. sp.

(Figs. 8-11, Map 2) ABDOMEN: Coloration piceus with two la teral yellow lines on each side at margin of Original description based on 1 male, pinned. of tergites and sternites. Broad ventral band

HEAD: Occiput and frons yellowish with yellow. Mid dorsal, quadrate spot on segments fuscous markings. Antennae subcylindrical, lll-IV and VI-VII reddish brown. Male ectro- as long as wide, narrowing only slightly procts bearing small ventral spines. Spinas towards apex, with 39-40 flagellomeres; scape ternum coiled. Gonocoxites apically bearing yellowish; pedicel and all flagellomeres piceus. one subapical and four apical teeth (Figs. Maxillary and labial palpal segments piceus 9-11). basally, yellowish apically. BODY LENGTH: male, 9 mm.

THORAX: Notal segments forming mottled FOREWING LENGTH: male, 11 mm. color pattern of piceus and yellow. Pleural Female unknown. sclerites piceus centrally and yellowish peri pherally. Setae black, except a few medial GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION• Holotype ma setae of mesonotum yellowish brown. le from Brazil: Amazonas, 15 km SE of Barce- los 14-1-1978, N.D. Penny (INPA). There is one LEGS; Fore coxa mottled yellow and brown, additional female in the British Museum (Na bearing black setae longer than diameter of tural History) from Trinidad, reared from the coxa. Trochanter triangular, slightly longer nest of Trypoxylon albitarse Fabr. which than wide at apex, coloration yellowish with appears to be this species, but without having two basal fuscous spots. Fore femur rugose, associated males, it is impossible to know coloration mottled yellow and piceus-piceus for sure. predominantly on medial surface, yellow pre dominantly on lateral surface. Medial face Plega beardi is named in honor of R.G. with row of 7-8 small spines extending over Beard, American specialist on Mantispidae. distal half; larger subbasal spine fuscous. With the inclusion of the two new species in Lateral surface with four stout basal spines this article, there are now five species defini and three smaller apical spines. Closing tely associated with the melitomae group. The surface of femur with tibia with two rows of pigment pattern of the head and five-spined numerous small pegs. Fore tibia yellowish, male parameres rapidly separate P. beardi with four spots on dorsal surface piceus. First from the three known species from Mexico, tarsal segment elongate, with large, subapical P. hagenella, P. melitomae and P. yucatanae. spine. Second fore tarsal segment elongate, P. beardi can be separated from the other two thin, yellow; third segment short, yeilow; last new species from Amazonia by the lack of segrnSnl twice as long as wide, yellowish yellow subapical segments of the antennae, brown. Fore tarsi with two tarsal claws and with fewer flagellomeres, and differing number of apical spines of the male parameres. arolium. Mid and hind coxae banded with piceus Figures 8-11 — Plega beardi, n.sp. 8) right forewing; 9) male paramere; 10) male terminalia, lateral view; 11) male ter minalia, dorsal view.

Plega duckei, n. sp. and two small black spines on lateral surface, (Figs. 12-15, Map 2) in addition to large, yellow, subbasal spine. Fore tibia yellowish brown. First fore tarsal Original description based on 2 males, pinned. segment as long as others combined; yellow; HEAD; Occiput elevated slightly above large terminal spine, reddish brown. Terminal compound eyes; piceus, except cauda1 margin three fore tarsal segments yellowish brown, yellow. Frons and mouthparts piceus, except terminating in two tarsal claws and arolium. terminal part of maxillary and labial palpi Mid tibia yellow, with basal and apical fuscous yellowish. Antennal segments twice as wide bands. Mid femur yellow, with two fuscous as long; dark brown; with 46 to 51 flagellome- bands, one on either side of mid-length. Mid res. tarsal segments yellow. Hind femur yellow, THORAX: Pronotum dark brown medially; except terminal band fuscous. Hind tibia pale yellow laterally. Meso- and metanotal yellow with basal and subapical fuscous bands. sclerites dark brown centrally, pale yellow Hind tarsi yellow. peripherally. Pilosity yellow. WINGS: Forewing with slightly recurrent LEGS: Fore coxa yellow with faint indica humeral crossvein. Pterostigma about four tion of fuscous bands before mid-length and times as long as wide, piceus proximally and at apex. Fore trochanter and femur pale distally, yellow in middle. Three radial veins yellow witR faint indication of fuscous band originating from first radial cell; one rad'al before mid-length of femur. Fore femur bearing vein from second radial cell. Membrane trans 6 black spines on mesal surface and 4 large parent, except all vein forks and crossveins marked piceus. In hindwing pterostigma four times as long as wide, fuscous. Three radial veins originating from first radial cell; no radial veins originating from second radial cell. Hindwing membrane transparent.

ABDOMEN: Fuscous, except for ventral, longitudinal, yellow line on anterior segments. Male spinasternum simply recurved; gonocoxites with four apical teeth (Figs. 13-15). BODY LENGTH: 3.5 — 6 mm. FOREWING LENGTH: male, 5.5 — 8 mm. Female unknown. Figures 12-15 — Plega duckei, n.sp. 12) right forewing; GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Holotype ma 13) male paramere; 14) male terminalia, lateral view; le in Systematic Entomology Collections of 15) male terminalia, dorsal view. INPA, Manaus, from Brazil: Amazonas, Reser- va Ducke, 11-X-1977, J.R. Arias. Paratype brown. Male abdomen with simply recurved male from Brazil: Amazonas, Manaus, Parque spinasternum and 3 apical spines on gonoco- das Laranjeiras, 22-1-1981, J.R. Arias (USNM). xites (Figs. 17-19). This species is named for the Brazilian BODY LENGTH: male, 10 mm; female, 7 mm. entomologist and botanist, Adolpho Ducke, for whom Reserva Ducke, the type locality, was FOREWING LENGTH: male, 10.5 mm; fema named. This is one of the smallest known le, 10 mm. species of Plega, and the only species of the GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Holotype ma signata group known from the Amazon Basin, le of P. hagenella was collected at Brazil: Ama- and the only species of this group with four zonr.s, 1849-1859, H.W. Bates (OXF), and the apical spines on the maie parameres. holotype female of P. cognatella was listed by Westwood as being from "Sanctam Martham, Plega hagenella (Westwood, 1867) Venezuelae". Actually, the insect label below new combination the holotype reads Sta. Martha, Bolivia, 1866, (Figs. 16-19, Map 2) Stevens. No such locality can be found on maps of Venezuela or Bolivia, but this specimen Mantispa hagenella Westwood, 1867, Trans. R. ent. Soc. is probably from Colombia: Santa Marta, which Lond., (3) 5: 504. is a site frequently collected by entomologists. Mantispa cognatella Westwood, 1867, Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond., (3) 5: 506. new synonomy. Three specimens in the Systematic Entomology Collections of INPA, Manaus, are from Brazil: Holotype male of Mantispa hagenella and Amazonas, lago Amana, 13-IX-1979, R. Best, 1 holotype female of Mantispa cognatella in the female, at lights; Rondonia, BR-364, km 50, Hope Entomology Collection, Oxford, England. 28-IX-1979, SUCAM, 1 male, in a Malaise trap; Present description based on holotypes and Rondonia, BR-364, km 28.5, 3-XI-1980, J.R. of M. hagenella and M. cognatella and 2 males, Arias, 1 male, in a Malaise trap. There are in 1 female, pinned. the Paris Museum one male and one female This species is very similar to P. beardi, identified as P. hagenella from Costa Rica. except for the following characteristics: They actually appear to be P. yucatanae Parker HEAD: Antenna bearing 35 to 37 flagsllo- and Sta.nge. As females of most Plega species meres; flagellomeres 10 to 12 or 10 to 14 from appear very similar, as P. hagenella and P. tip yeltow. yucatanae both have narrow antennal sgments

ABDOMEN: Female ovipositor sinuous; with five paler subapical antennal segments, about 3/4 length of abdomen, pale yellow and as our knowledge of the geographical distribution of these species is still rudimen tary, I think that Central American specimens could be either species. There are Plega fe males that fit this description in (MWIE) from Nicaragua, in the (BMNH) from Panama, and in (USNM) from Trinidad.

This is the only species of the melitomae group which normally has 3 apical spines on the male parameres. The pale subapical Figure 20 — Plega paraense, n.sp. right forewing. antennal segments allies this species most closely with P. yucatanae, which Parker and THORAX: Pilosity of nota predominantly Stange noted as normally having one apical yellow. and one subapical one. The configuration of LEGS: Medial surface of fore femur with spines in P. hagenella varies from P. yucatanae 10-11 spines. Lateral surface of fore femur by having two apical spines of equal size, and predominantly yellow, with only a slight infus- one slightly basad, that could be called sub cation basally. apical. Thus, although P. yucatanae can occa sionally have a third, small spine, the size and ABDOMEN: Female ovipositor less than configuration are different. The small, median, "i/2 length of abdomen, pale yellowish brown. subapical process of the male eighth sternite BODY LENGTH: female. 8.5 mm. of yucatanae is absent in hagenella. P. P. P. FOREWING LENGTH: female, 10.5 mm. cognatella varies in no significant manner from Male unknown. the type of P. hagenella, although its being a female makes exact identification difficult. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Holotype female from Brazil: Pará, Belém, Mocambo Forest. 19-1-1978, Malaise trap (MPEG). Plega paraense, n. sp. (Fig. 20, Map 2) This is one of the species of the melito mae group having uniformly dark antennae Original description based on one female, closely related to P. beardi, n. sp. However, pinned. the longer, paler antennae, pale thoracic setae, This species is very similar to P. heard!, and more numerous spines on the mesal except for the following characteristics: surface of the fore femur separates P. paraen HEAD: Antennae pale brown; 58-59 flagello- se from P. beardi. meres. Markings of occiput diffuse. Trichoscelia Westwood, 1852 Trichoscelia Westwood, 1852, Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond., (2) 1: 269. Symphrasis Hagen, 1877, Stett. ent. Ztg., 38: 208.

TYPE SPECIES: of Trichoscelia is Mantispa lenella Westwood, designated by Enderlein (1910) and of Symphrasis is Raphidia varia Walker, designated by Enderlein (1910). This genus is closely related to Plega and Anchieta, rjut can be separated from them by the lack of a subbasal spine of the fore femur, the first and second tarsomere being relatively equal in size, presence of a crossvein between Figures 16-1?— Plega hagenella (Westwood). 16) right 1he media and the recurrent vein of the media forewing; 17) male paramere; 18) male terminalia, la In the hindwing, and other characteristics of teral view; 19) male terminalia, ventral view. the fore femur. Like Plega, Trichoscelia can be separated 4b. Three radial veins originating from into two species groups based on width of first radial cell of forewing; male basal antennal flagellomeres. I have chosen parameres with 2 or 3 apical to call these the fenella group (with relatively spines; dark pigmentation on fore wide segments) and the varia group (with coxa and femur, posterior third of relatively nrrrow segments) based on the pronotum, or pleural and total region oldest named species. Some species also of metathorax 5 display the pale subapical antennal segments, 5a. Only two radial veins originating from as in Plega. This should not indicate a poly- second radial cell of forewing; seven phyletic grouping, as differing width of an closed cells of forewing beyond base tennal segments is also found in Amazonian of first radial cell T. sequella Coniopterygidae, being sex related in the 5b. Three radial veins originating from latter family. The paler subapical antennal second radial cell of forewing; eight segments are also found in some species of or nine closed cells of forewing Amazonian Sisyridae (see part 1 of this series) and in some species of South American Heme- beyond base of first radial cell 6 robiidae. Thus, the potential for development 6a. Crossveins and vein forks of forewing of these two morphological traits is probably margined; male gonocoxites with 2 found throughout these families of Neuropte- apical and 1 subapical spine .... T. varia ra. Cb. Crossveins and vein forks of forewing not margined; male gonocoxites lac The known species and some saiient king subapical spine, thus having features about them are recorded in Table 2. only two T. iridella The present study records seven species from

the Amazon Basin, separated by the following Trichoscelia anae, n. sp. key. (Fig. 21-24, Map 3)

KEY TO AMAZONIAN SPECIES OF TRICHOSCELIA Original description based on one male, pinned. HEAD: Occiput slightly elevated above la. Forewing with distinct spots or bands 2 compound eyes; yellow with piceus markings. lb. Forewing without markings, except Frons pale yellow; labrum piceus. Maxillary for pterostigma 3 and labial palpi pale brown. Antennal segments as long as wide; piceus, except flagellomeres 2a. Forewing with two spots, without 8-12 from apex yellow; with 32 flagellomeres. bands T. fenella 2b. Forewing with two basal spots and broad apical band T. latifascia 3a. Antenna uniformly dark; antennal fla gellomeres wider than long; male go nocoxites with 2,3, or 5 apical spines 4 3b. Antennae with 5 subapical pale segments; flagellomeres as long as wide; male gonocoxites with 4 apical spines T. anae 4a. Two radial veins originating from *irst radial cell of forewing; male go nocoxites with 5 apical spines; fore coxa" and femur, posterior third of Figures 21-24 — Trichoscelia anae, n.sp. 21) right for ewing: 22) male paramere; 23) male terminalia. lateral pronotum, and all pleural and notal view: 24) male terminalia. ventral view. region of metathorax orange ... 7. egella Map 2 — Geographical distribution of Amazonian species of Plega.

TABLE 2 — Characteristics of species of Trichoscelia.

GEOGRAPHICAL N.° OF PARAMERE SPECIES SPECIES DISTRIBUTION SPINES GROUP

T. anae, n.sp. Amazon 4 varia T bar.ksi Enderlein Mexico ? ? T egella Westwood Amazon 5 fenella T. fenella Westwood Amazon ? fenella T iridella Westwood Amazon to Trinidad 2 fenella T. latifascia MacLachlan Amazon 3 fenella T. nassanovi (Navas) Peru ? ? T remipes (Gerstaecker) Colombia ? 1 T. santareni (Navas) Mexico 3 fenella T sequeUa Westwcod Amazon to Guyana 3 fenella T. varia (Walker) Argentina and Brazil 3 varia T zikani (Navas) southern Brazil 3 varia THORAX: Pronotum pale yellow, except FOREWING LENGTH: male, 8 mm.

anterior margin and two, raised, medial spots Female unknown. piceus. Meso- and metathorax with sclerites GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: The holotype piceus centrally, pale yellow peripherally, male in the Systematic Entomology Co'lection except metepimeron totally pale yellow. Pilo- of INPA, Manaus, is from Brazil: Rondonia, sity black dorsally, pale yellow laterally. BR-364, km 50, 1-XI-1979, J.R. Arias, in a flight LEGS: Fore coxa pale yellow with basal trap. piceus spot and apical piceus band. Fore femur This species at first appears similar to piceus laterally; pale yellow mesally, with Plega hagenella, with its pale subapical basal piceus infuscation. Mesal surface of segments and antennal form. However, it fore femur with 16 small, black spines; lateral surface with 10 small, black spines. Fore tibia lacks the distinguishing characteristics of piceus, with three pale yellow bands. First Plega, i.e., the subbasal spine and short row tore tarsal segment as large as terminal three of small, mesal spines on the fore femur, and fore tarsal segments together; yellowish brown has the recurrent vein crossvein in the with reddish brown terminal spine. Tarsal hindwing. However, no other species of Tri segments 2 and 3 yellow; last tarsal segment choscelia has this combination of antennal piceus with two tarsal claws and arolium. Mid characteristics, as weil as the low flagellar and hind coxae piceus basally, pale yellow api- segment number. This species is named for cally. Mid trochanter piceus; hind trochanter my wife, Ana Maria Lira Penny. pale yellow. Mid and hind femur yellow basally; with piceus apical band. Mid and hind tibiae piceus basally and apically; pale yellow Trichoscelia egella (Westwood, 1867) medially. Mid and hind tarsal segments yellow (Figs. 25-28, Map 3) basally, gradually becoming piceus apically. Mantispa (Trichoscelia) egelia Westwood, 1857, Trans. WINGS: Forewing with slight recurrent R. ent. Soc. Lond.. (3) 5: 502. Trichoscelia egella (Westwood) Gerstaecker, 1888, Mitt. humeral crossvein. Pterostigma about four naturw. Ver. Neu-Vorpomm., 19: 120. times as long as wide; piceus basallv and Anisoptera anioenula Gerstaecker, 1888, Mitt, naturw. apically, yellow medially. All forewing veins Ver. Neu-Vorpomm., 19: 119. dark brown. Two radial veins originating from Trichoscelia amoenula (Gerstaecker) Penny, 1977, Acta forewing first radial ceil; three radial veins Amaz., (supl.) 7 (4): 37 new synonmy. originating from second radial veil. Wing Holotype of T. egella in British Museum membrane transparent, with some alternating (Natural History), London. Holotype female of clear and dark areas along apical margin. Six A. amoenula in Greifswald Museum, Grei- gradate crossveins. Hindwing pterostigma five fswald, D.D.R. limes as long as wide, reaching almost to apex; piceus basally and apically, pale yellow Present description based on holotype of centrally. Hindwing membrane transparent, T. egella and 3 maies, 2 females, 3? pinned, with some infuscation along anal and apical and one male, 2 females, in alcohol. margins. Three radial veins originating from HEAD: Occiput slightly elevated above first radial cell; one radial vein originating compound eyes; piceus. Frons and majority from second radial cell .Five hindwing gradate of mouthparts piceus; except mandibles yellow veins. and labial palpi pale brown. Antennal segments ABDOMEN: Pale yellow with slight infus piceus; flagellomeres twice as wide as long, cation; last three segments somewhat darker. 41 segments.

Male gonocoxites curved laterally at apex, THORAX: Pronotum piceus anteriorly, oran with four-pronged termination. Spinasternum ge posteriorly. Meso- and metanota yellow. complexly coiled (Figs. 22-24). All pleural sclerites straw yellow. Pilosity BODY LENGTH: male, 8 mm. corresponding to color of sclerites. Museum (Natural History) are from the type locality and Amazonas, Fonte Boa, 1854, H.W. Bates, 1 male, 1 female, 1 missing abdomen. Specimens in the Systematic Entomology Collection of INPA, Manaus, are from Brazil: Amazonas, Reserva Ducke, AM-010, km 26. 6-IX-1978, J.R. Arias, 1 male, 1 female, in flight trap; Reserva Ducke, 20-XII-1977, J.R. Arias, 1 female, in emergence trap; Reserva Ducke, without data, 1 male; Amazonas, BR-174, 66 km n of Manaus, 26-XI-1976, Eloy Castellon, 1 missing abdomen.

HABITAT: All specimens have been collec Figures 25-28 — Trichoscelia egella Westwood. 25) ted in primary forest. right forewing; 26) male paramere; 27) male terminalia, lateral view; 28) male terminalia, ventral view. This is a rather small, orange species, with few piceus markings on thorax and legs.

LEGS: All leg segments yellow, except hind The reduced number of radial veins and large tibia piceus. Fore femur bearing 10 small, number of male gonocoxite spines (5) separa black spines on lateral surface and 14 small, tes this species from all other species of Tri black spines on mesal surface; no subbasal choscelia. Westwood, in the original de spine. First fore tarsal sgment as long as ter scription, stated that this species has pale minal 3 segments, with iarge apical spine. head and thorax, leading Gerstaecker to de scribe A. amoenula with darker head and WINGS: Forewing with slightly recurrent thorax. The type of T. egella actually doas humeral crossvein. Pterostigma about four have dark head and thorax, and such differ times as long as wide; piceus. All wing veins ences which exist would easily fall within the dark. Two radial veins originating from first normal variation of this species. radial cell; three radial veins originating from second radial cell. Forewing membrane trans parent. Six gradate crossveins. Hindwing Trichoscelia fenella (Westwood, 1852) membrane transparent. Two radial veins origi (Fig. 29. Map 3) nating from first radial cell of hindwing; one radial vein originating from second radial cell. Mantispa (Trichoscelia) fenella Westwood, 1852, Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond., 1; 269. Two gradate crossveins. Trichoscelia fenella (Westwood) Hagen, 1866, Stett. ent. ABDOMEN: Anterior sclerites yellow with Ztg., 27: 461. longitudinal, dorsal, fuscous stripe. Posterior four segments piceus. Female ovipositor Holotype male in the British Museum (Na piceus, as long as three abdominal segments. tural History), London. Male gonocoxites apically bearing five spines. Present description based on holotype Spinasternum complexly coiled (Figs. 26-28). male.

BODY LENGTH: male, 6.5 mm; female, 7.5 HEAD: Occiput elevated slightly above mm. compound eyes; piceus. Frons and mouthparts FOREWING LENGTH: male, 6.5 mm; female, piceus. Antennal segments twice as wide as 8.0 — 8.5 mm. long; piceus; with 45 flagellomeres. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: The holotype THORAX: Pronotum dark brown anteriorly of T. egella was collected by H.W. Bates at and orange over posterior 4/5. Meso- and Brazil: Amazonas, Ega (now Tefé). Holotype metanota orange. of A. amoenula was collected at Brazil: Pará. LEGS: Completely orange. Fore femur Itaituba. Other specimens in the British bearing 10 spines laterally and 16 medially. WINGS: Forewing with two large fuscous spots, one below anterior margin of pteros tigma and other along anal margin (Fig. 29). These two spots fused in left forewing. Two radial veins originating from first radial cell; three radial veins originating from second radial cell. Hindwing with slight infuscation at wingtip. Figure 29 — Trichoscelia fenella Westwood, right BODY LENGTH: unknown. forewing. FOREWING LENGTH: male, 8 mm. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION; Brazil: Pará, T. basella in the Hope Entomology Collection, Belém, 1850, H.W. Bates, 1 male. Oxford University, Oxford, England. By its size, orange coloration, and reduced Present description based on lectotype wing venation, T. fenella seems to be most and paralectotype of T. iridella, holotype of closely related to T. egella. However, the T. basella, and 7 males, 10 females, 1? pinned; distinctive wing pattern immediately sets off 15 males, 17 females, 1? ir. alcohol. this species from all others. HEAD: Occiput slightly elevated, fuscous. Frons and mouthparts fuscous, except mandi Trichoscelia iridella (Westwood, 1867) bles yellowish brown. Antennal segments new combination basally twice as wide as long; piceus; of 35-37 (Figs. 1, 30-33, Map 3, Graph 1) flagellomeres. Mantispa (Trichoscelia) iridella Westwood, 1867, Trans. THORAX: Pronotum piceus medially, pale R. ent. Soc. Lond., (3) 5: 503. yellow laterally, except pale yellow transverse Mantispa (Trichoscelia) basella Westwood, 1867, Trans. band near posterior marg'n (sometimes inter R. ent. Soc. Lond., (3) 5: 504 new synonomy. rupted); eight large setae at anterior margin;

Lectotype male of T. iridella in British two setae medially near caudal margin. Meso- Museum (Natural History), London. Poralecto- and metanota piceus. Pleural sclerites piceus type female of T. iridella end holotype male of centrally, pale yellow peripherally. Pilosity black dorsally, pale yellov>. laterally. R o 5 er v o Ducke LEGS: Fore coxa pale yellow with fuscous apex and longitudinal fuscous stripe. Fore trochanter quadrate, yellowish. Fore femur yellowish; with longitudinal fuscous stripe on lateral surface (sometimes absent) and an other at closing surface with t'.bia, 8-13 black spines on lateral surface; 13-16 black spines on mesal surface. Fore tibia fuscous. First fore tarsal segment large, fuscous, with large apical spine. Distal three fore tarsal segments together equal in length to first segment; yellow. Two fore tarsal claws and arolium. Mid and hind coxae fuscous; trochanter and femur pale yellow. Mid tibia pale yellow; hind tibia piceus basally, pale yellow distally. Mid ASONDJFMAMJJAS and hind tarsi pale yellow. TIME (IN MONTHS) WINGS: Forewing with slightly recurrent Graph 1 — Seasonal distribution of Trichoscelia iridella humeral crossvein. Pterostigma about four Westwood from a flight trap in Ducke Forest Reserve. times as long as wide, fuscous to reddish Map 3 — Geographical distribution of Amazonian species of Trichoscelia.

brown. All longitudinal veins uniformly brown. rally. Sternites VII and IX completely fuscous. Three radial veins originating from first radial Male gonocoxites with only two apical spines. cell; three veins originating from second radial Spinasternum complexly coiled. Female ovipo cell. Wing membrane completely transparent. sitor pale yellow, as long as length of last Seven gradate crossveins. Hindwing pterostig three abdominal segments. ma four times as long as wide; membrane BODY LENGTH: male, 5 — 6.5 mm; female, transparent; three radial veins originating 5.5 — 7 mm. from first radial cell; one radial vein origina FOREWING LENGTH: male, 6.5 — 7 mm; ting from second radial cell; six gradate female, 7 — 8 mm. crossveins. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: The lecto- ABDOMEN: First two abdominal tergites type male of 7". iridella was collected on the yellow with medial piceus spot. Tergites Tapajós River by H.W. Bates. The paralecto- Hl-Vlll piceus with longitudinal, medial double type of T. iridella and holotype of T. basella row of yellow spots, and yellow lateral margin. were also collected by H.W. Bates, but only Sternites l-VII yellow medially, fuscous late have "Amazons" listed for locality. The Syste- matic Entomology Collection of INPA, Manaus, wing venation indicate that this species is has the following material: Brazil: Amazonas. probably most closely related to two species Reserva Ducke, 55 specimens collected by found in central and southern Brazil, T, varia J.R. Arias between August, 1977, and Sep and T. zikani. However, T. zikani has extensive tember, 1978, in a flight trap and C.D.C. markings on the forewing, while T. varia has miniature light traps; Rondon'a, BR-364, km dark margining of crossveins and vein forks. 50, 28-IX-1979, S.U.C.A.M, 1 female, flight trap; The reduced number of male gonocoxite spines Amazonas, AM-010, km 246, 16-VII-1979, J.R. (2) also separates T. iridella from all other Arias, 1 ?; Rondonia, BR-364, km 28.5, known species. Although the type of T. ba- 26-X-1980, J.R. Arias, 1 male. There are three sella has somewhat darker legs than T. iri- additional specimens in the U.S. National della, the differences are minimal, and probably Museum from Trinidad: Montserrat, August, fall within the range of normal intraspecific Busck, 1 male; Ecuador: Napo. Limoncocha variation. (0°24'S, 76°36'W) 15-VIII-1972, Ruth Chadab, 2 males. Trichoscelia latifascia MacLachlan, 1867 TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION: The material (Figs. 34-37, Map 3) from Reserva Ducke indicates that adults are Trichoscelia latifascia MacLachlan, 1867, J. Linn. Soc. present all year round, but in highest numbers Lond., 9: 255. in May (Graph 1). Anisoptera jocosa Gerstaecker, 1888, Mitt, naturw. Ver. Neu-Vorpomm., 19: 117. HABITAT: All individuals in the INPA col Trichoscelia jocosa (Gerstaecker) Penny, 1977, Acta lection have been collected in or near primary Amaz., (supl.J, 7 (4): 37, new synonomy. forest. Symphrasis thaumasta Navas, 1915, Ent. Mitt., 4: 197. Trichoscelia thaumasta (Navas) Penny, 1977, Acta Amaz., This small species of Trichoscelia is the (supl.), 7 (4): 37, new synonomy. most common one in the central Amazon region. The lack of wing markings separates Holotype male of T. latifascia in British it immediately from T. fenella and T. latisfas- Museum (Natural History), London. Holotype cia. The coloration of the body is dark, rather male of S. thaumasta in Bern Museum, Bern, than orange, which quickly separates this Switzerland. Holotype female of A. jocosa in species from T. egella and T. sequella. The he Greifswald Museum, Greifswald, D.D.R. antennae are completely dark, separating this Present description based on holotype of species from T. anae, n.sp. The small size and T. latifascia and 1 male, pinned.

HEAD: Occiput slightly elevated, black. Frons and mouthparts black. Antennal segments subcylindrical, twice as wide as long, tapering only slightly towards apex, with 44 black flagellomeres.

THORAX: Anterior half of pronotum black; posterior half of pronotum and all meso- and metathorax orange. Pilosity corresponding to coior of sclerites.

LEGS: Fore coxa biack basally and apically, orange medially. Fore trochanter quadrate, black. Fore femur black basally and distally, orange medially, except narrow dark, Figures ^30-33 — Trichoscelia iridella Westwood. 30) longitudinal band connecting basal and distal right forewing: 31) — male paramere; 32) male termi bands on lateral surface. Row of 21 small black nalia, lateral view; 33) male terminalia, ventral view. spines on mesal surface of fore femur, row of 9 Figures 34-37 — Trichoscelia latifascia MacLachlan. 34) right forewing; 35) male paramere; 36) male terminalia, la teral view; 37) male terminalia, ventral view.

small, black spines on lateral surface. Fore ti unbroken, subapical, transverse black band. bia black basally, orange distally. First tarsal Forewing apex orange. Hindwing orange, segment large, orange, bearing large apical except small black spots on costal and anal spine. Remaining tarsal segments much margins, black pterostigma and infuscation at smaller than first segment, orange. Two fore hindwing apex. tarsal claws and arolium. Mid- and hind coxae and trochanters black; femora black basally, ABDOMEN: Basal segments orange, be orange distally. Mid tibia orange; hind tibia coming piceus at apex. Male spinasternum black. All tarsal segments orange. complexly coiled. Apex of male gonocoxites with three spines (Figs. 35-37). WINGS: Forewing with slight recurrent humeral crossvein. Three or four radial BODY LENGTH: male, 8 mm. branches originating at first radial cell. Two FOREWING LENGTH: male, 9.5 — 9.9 mm. radial veins originating from second radial cell. Basal color of forewing orange, with one GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION; The hoiotype elongate brack spot along R, between origin of is from Brazil: Amazonas, Ega (now Tefé), R and origin of Rs. Second black spot along collected by H.W. Bates, 1 male. Hoiotype anal margin between MP and 1A. Broad male of S. thaumasta Navás is from the same collecting locality, 26-VI-1906, Adolpho Ducke, Trichoscelia sequella (Westwood, 1867) in the Bern Museum. Hoiotype female of A. new combination jocosa is from Brazil: Pará, Itaituba. One (Figs. 38-41, Map 3) further male in the Museu Paraense Emílio Mantispa (Trichoscelia) sequella Westwood, 1867, Trans. Goeldi is from Brazil: Pará, São Francisco, R. ent. Soc. Lond., (3) 5: 503. 10-XII-1977, W. França. Hoiotype female in the Hope Entomology T. latifascia cannot be mistaken for any Collection, Oxford University, Oxford, England. other species of Trichoscelia because of its Present description based on hoiotype and 3 large size, striking orange and black coloration, males, 3 females, pinned. and especially because of the forewing pattern. HEAD: Occiput slightly elevated, yellow Thus, although I have not seen the holotypes with piceus markings. Frons and mouthparts of S. thaumasta and A. jocosa, the illustration totally straw yellow. Antennae with 47 fla- of the wing pattern accompanying the original gellomeres, twice as wide as long, piceus. description of S. thaumasta is sufficient to THORAX: Pronotum piceus medially and encountered in normal variation within a anteriorly; pale yellow laterally, except trans easily note the true identity of the species; verse band near posterior margin. Meso- and and the color differences used by Gerstaecker metanota yellow with piceus markings. Pleural to separate A. jocosa are so commonly sclerites yellow, except for some piceus species of this genus that I have no doubt that markings at anterior margin of mesopleuron. we are dealing with but one species. Pilosity black dorsally, yellow laterally.

Figures 38-41 — Trichoscelia sequella Westwood. 38) right forewing; 39) male parmere; 40) male terminalia, lateral vieW; 41) male terminalia, ventral view. LEGS: Fore coxa yellow anteriorly, piceus matic Entomology Collection of INPA, Manaus, posteriorly, with piceus apical band. Fore three other specimens: Brazil: Amazonas, Ma trochanter small, subquadrate, yellow. Fore naus, 8-11-1977, R. Pinger, 1 male; Amazonas, femur yellow, with mesal and lateral piceus Manaus, 27-X-1976, I.S. Gorayeb, 1 female; spines on lateral surface; without subbasal Amazonas, Reserva Ducke, 17-IX-1981, J.A. spine. Fore tibia piceus. First fore tarsal Rafael, 1 female. segment as large as terminal three tarsal This is one of the larger species of Tri segments; yellowish brown, with large apical choscelia from Amazonia, with more vivid spine. Distal three fore tarsal segments yellow. yellow and orange markings than most species. Two fore tarsal claws and arolium. Mid- and Although this species has completely trans hind coxae yellowish brown. All other mid- parent wings, like T. egella and T. iridella, it and hind leg segments yellow, except for has much more orange and yellow on the body piceus spot at base of mid tibia. than the latter species, and larger size than WINGS: Forewing with slightly recurrent both species. The male gonocoxites are also humeral crossvein. Pterostigma about four different than these two species. The species times longer than wide; black. Longitudinal most closely related to 7". sequella is probably veins yellow; crossveins and all veins at fore T. latifascia, because of the body size and wing margin black. Two radial veins originating coloration, and number and form of male from first radial cell; three radial veins gonocoxites spines. In fact, these two species originating from second radial cell. Wing could be the same. However, the distinctive membrane transparent, except for small piceus wing pattern of 7". latifascia is lacking in T. spot on anal margin. Eight gradate crossveins. sequella. Hindwing pterostigma five times longer than wide, extending to wing apex. Hindwing Trichoscelia varia (Walker, 1853) membrane transparent. Two radial veins origi (Figs. 42-45, Map 3) nating from first radial cell; one radial vein originating from second radial cell. Four Raphidia varia Walker, 1853, Cat. Brit. Mus. Neuropt., p. 212. gradate crossveins in hindwing. Trichoscelia varia (Walker) Hagen, 1861, Smithsonian ABDOMEN: Dorsally each segment yellow misc. Collns., 4: 323. Symphrasis varia (Walker) Enderlein, 1910, Stett. ent. anteriorly and fuscous posteriorly. Sternites Ztg., 71: 374. completely yellow. Male gonocoxites apically Mantispa myrapetrella Westwood, 1867, Trans. R. ent. trident-shaped, laterally curved. Male spinas- Soc. Lond., (3) 5: 505. ternum complexly coiled (Figs. 39-41). Symphrasis myrapetrella (Westwood) Hagen, 1877, Stett. ent. Ztg., 38: 210. BODY LENGTH: male, 10 mm; female, 9-10 mm. Holotype of unknown sex of Raphidia varia FOREWING LENGTH: male, 10 mm; female, Walker in the British Museum (Natural Histo 10 mm. ry). Lectotype male, paralectotype female, GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: The holotype and six other paralectotypes of Mantispa my was collected by H.W. Bates at a locality rapetrella Westwood in the Hope Entomology only specified as "Amazons". There are in the Collection, Oxford University, Oxford, England. British Museum (Natural History) three ad Present description based on types and 39 ditional specimens of this species, two of males, 37 females, pinned. which apparently were collected by Bates. HEAD: Occiput pale yellow with four spots They are from Brazil: Amazonas, Ega (now Te fuscous, often merging. Frons pale yellow, fé), H.W. Bates, 1 male; Amazonas, Fonte with transverse fuscous stripe below antennae. Boa, 1856T (without collector, but probably Ba Maxillary palpi piceus. Antennae of 26-28 fla- tes), 1 female; and Guyana: Tocaro, 1-1921, gellomeres; as long as wide; with thin, pale G.E. Booker, 1 male. There is in the Syste yellow to black setae. THORAX: Pronotum piceus medially, pale with pale yellow coxae, trochanters, and yellow laterally; with many medial black setae. femora; tibia basally piceus, apically pale Meso- and metanota piceus medially, pale yellow; five tarsal segments pale yellow. yellow laterally; occasionally with medial, longitudinal, pale yellow stripe. Pleural areas WINGS: Forewing transparent, with dark piceus. margining along basal crossveins and some apical vein forks (Fig. 42). Pterostigma dark LEGS: Fore coxa pale yellow, becoming basally and apically, pale yellow medially. darker apically. Fore trochanter pale yellow. Three or four radial veins originating from Fore femur pale yellow dorsally, becoming first radial cell; two or three radial veins fuscous near closing face with fore tibia; with originating from second radial cell. Second 9-10 black lateral spines, 11-13 black medial radial cell apically curved. Longitudinal veins spines; lacking large subbasal spine. Fore alternating yellow and fuscous pattern. Re tibia alternating fuscous and pale yellow current medial vein of hindwing with crossvein. in checkerboard pattern. First fore tarsal

segment pale yellow, with subapical spinal ABDOMEN: Segments dorsaily and ven- process. Second to fourth fore tarsi combined trally piceus, laterally pale yellow. Male smaller than first segment, pale yellow, with spinasternum complexly coiled. Gonocoxites 2 apical claws and arolium. Mid- and hindlegs apically bearing three spines (Figs. 43-45). VARIATION: There is great variation in the specimens from Uruguay and Brazil: Mato extent of pigmentation along crossveins and Grosso, 12°50'S, 51°47'W, 12-X-1968, O.W. at vein forks. Pattern of head, thorax and legs Richards, 2 females. Enderlein (1910) and Na also varies according to degree of pigmenta vas (1934) list this species from Venezuela and tion. The antennal segments can be almost Suriname, respectively, although these records round, to approaching the state of twice as must be considered doubtful. wide as long, and each flagellomere may have HOST, ASSOCIATION: The specimens col sparse to dense pilosity. The denser the pilo- lected by O.W. Richards were reared from sity, the darker the pilosity. the nest of Polybia ruficeps. The Uruguay BODY LENGTH: male, 5 mm; female, 5-7 specimens were reared from the nest of Myra- mm. petra scutellaris, as were some specimens in FOREWING LENGTH: male, 7 mm; female, the Paris Museum from São Paulo. Specimens 8-9 mm. in the Vienna Museum were also reared from

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: This is a Polybia nests. southern Brazilian species that reaches the This is one of the smaller species of Tri southern part of the Amazon Basin. On the choscelia. The three gonocoxite spines sepa type specimen is a label reading "Ecoria", rates it from all other small species of Trichos which I have been unable to locate on any celia for which spinal number is known, except maps. The type of Mantispa myrapetrella also T. zikani. T. varia also has distinctive alter has no locality label, although in the original nating dark-pale pattern on forewing longi description Westwood lists South America. In tudinal veins, and margining of crossveins. the Vienna Museum are 25 specimens listed However, T. zikani has much of this same wing simply as being from Brazil. The Paris Museum pattern, and the only difference is in the dark has numerous specimens from Argentina and pigment spots on the forewing of this species. São Paulo state in southern Brazil. The Syste It could be that T. zikani is a very darkly matic Entomology Collection of INPA, Manaus, pigmented form of T. varia. has specimens from Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina states in southern Brazil. The Mantispinae Leach, 1815 U.S. National Museum has specimens from Argentina and Ceará state in northeastern Mantispidae Leach, 1815, Edinb. Encyclop., 9: 139. Brazil. In addition to the type specimen, Mantispini Navás, 1909, Mems R. Acad, cienc. artes Bar in the British Museum (Natural History) are celona, 7 (10): 484. Mantispinae Enderlein, 1910, Stett. ent. Ztg., 71: 341.

TYPE GENUS: Mantispa llliger (1798)

Mantispinae is the most derived subfamily of mantid-flies, with relatively long pronotum, and reduced number of fore tarsal claws. This subfamily is distributed world-wide, with many described genera. However, in a recent review of the taxonomic classification of New World Mantispidae, Penny (1982) listed three genera and four species groups of "Mantispa" in the Neotropical Region, of which all but one of these exist in Amazonia. In studying male genitalia it was noted that the species of Ne- cyla described from Central America is

Figures 42-45*— Trichoscelia varia (Walker). 42) right actually more closely related to other Ame forewing; 43) male terminalia, lateral view; 44) male rican members of "Mantispa" than to African terminalia, ventral view; 45) male paramere. and Asian species of Necyla. In order to present some semblance of a natural and "gracilis" species group organized classification, I have separated the included species into species groups of the Like the "phthisica" group, this species genus Mantispa, which are of comparable rank group has well-developed hypomeres and a to the other named genera Entanoneura and sclerotized median process of the spinaster- Climaciella. Only further study of Old World num. However, unlike the "phthisica" group, species will elucidate the true names of these the "gracilis" group has very distinctive pro "species groups" of Mantispa, a study which jections on the medial surface of the ecto- is not possible for me at this time. procts, in some species becoming quite elabo Thus, six "groups" of Mantispinae are rate. Three species are included in this group known from this region, which can be sepa from the Amazon Basin, and can be separated rated using the following key. using the following key.

KEY TO AMAZONIAN GENERA AND SPECIES KEY TO THE AMAZONIAN SPECIES OF THE GROUPS OF MANTISPINAE "GRACILIS" GROUP

1a. Cubitus of hindwing nearly straight 1a. Projection of the male ectoprocts and never coming close to first anal three or more times longer than the vein Climaciella second projection; the two projections 1b. Cubitus of hindwing bending sharply joined by a broad basal plate 2 towards first anal vein, then bending 1b. Projection of the male ectoprocts only sharply away again 2 two times as long as the second 2a. Male ectoprocts bearing two medial projection; projections isolated from projections, one of which can be quite each other, without basal sclerotized long "gracilis" group plate M. gracilis 2b. Male ectoprocts bearing one medial 2a. Longer projection of male ectoprocts projection, or with low. flat field of bearing three apical teeth .... M. moulti small spines 3 2b. Longer projection of male ectoprocts 3a. Male ectoprocts elongate and pointed; bearing one apical tooth and several hypomeres very thin and elongate ... very fine hairs M. lineaticollis "phthisica" group 3b. Male ectoprocts extending only sligh Mantispa gracilis Erichson, 1839 tly beyond ninth sternite, and apically (Figs. 84-88, Map 5) rounded; male hypomeres, if present, Mantispa gracilis Erichson, 1839. Z. Ent., 1: 169. not thin and elongate 4 Mantispa trilineata Navas. 1914a. Broteria, 12: 230, new 4a. Male ectoprocts bearing medial synonomy. pointed projection; hypomeres present Mantispa bruchi Navas, 1916, Mems R. Acad. Cienc. Ar- and attached to spinasternum, al tes Barcelona, 12 (7): 134. though small "costalis" group Mantispa calceata Navas. 1917, Mems R. Acad. Cienc. Artes Barcelona, 13 (26): 401. 4b. Male ectoprocts with or without medi Mantispa mista Nav^s, 1923, Arx. Inst. Cienc, 7: 196. al projections, sometimes with low, Mantispilla mista (Navas) Navas, 1929, Revta Soc. ent. flat, medial field; hypomeres absent argent., 2: 223. 5 Mantispa gounellei Navas. 1934. Revta Ro Acad. Cienc. 5a. Crescent-shaped or semicircular marks exact, fis. nat. Madr., 31: 17, new synonomy. on prozonal region of pronotum Whereabouts of types of M. gracilis Entanoneura unknown. Hoiotype female of M. trilineata 5b. Prozonal region of pronotum uniformly Navas in the British Museum (Natural History). 'colored, or occasionally with darker London. Hoiotype female of M. bruchi and spots along lateral margin, but without hoiotype male of M. gounellei in the Museum pale semicircular marks . "minuta" group national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France. Figures 46-51 — Climaciella amapaensis, n.sp. 46) right forewing; 47 male terminalia. dorsal view; 48) male genita lia, caudal view; 49) male genitalia, ventral view; 50) male genitalia, lateral view; 51) head and thorax, dorsal view. gnx = gonarcus, pa = paramere, ss = spinasternum.

Holotype, without abdomen, of M. mista in Pterostigma very elongate; expanded apically; the Buenos Aires Museum. Whereabouts of fuscous. All veins yellow near base, dark the type of M. calceata unknown. brown to black apically. Forewing membrane Present description based on holotypes of transparent, except subcostal area occasionally M. gounellei, M. trilineata, M. bruchi and 21 piceus. Two radial veins originating from first males, 15 females, pinned. radial cell of hindwing; Ten or eleven gradate HEAD: Occiput slightly depressed; ye.low crossveins in hindwing. Cu bends towards IA laterally, with variable piceus markings medi until briefly touching, then bends sharply away ally. Frons and labrum yellow, with piceus again. medial line. Mandibles black. Maxillary and ABDOMEN: Yellow with medial piceus stripe labial palpi piceus. Antennal scape piceus on dorsum. Male genitalia, with dark stripe above, yellow below; pedicel and 26-27 fla- extending over the ectoprocts. Ectoprocts gel lomeres piceus. Flagellomeres about as bearing two finger-like projections at posterio- wide as long. medial margin; both pair of projections THORAX: Pronotum expanded anteriorly; bearing apical teeth. Ninth sternite broadly uniformly yellowish brown. Meso- and meta- rounded, with medial fuscous stripe. Nintn nota piceus with two longitudinal stripes gonocoxites not extending beyond gonarcus. yellow. Pleural areas yeilow, except piceus Gonarcus bearing two, ventro-lateral lobes on between mid coxa and posterior margin of either side; the more medial lobe being much prothorax. larger than the more lateral lobe. Spinasternum LEGS: Fore coxa yellow basally, becoming with ventral, quadrate, spinous area; (medial fuscous apically. Apical foreleg segments all process) lateral margin bearing only short fuscous. Numerous tubercles and one very hypomeres (Figs. 85-88). large central spine on fore femur. First fore BODY LENGTH: male, 9-11 mm; female, tarsal segment 50% longer than other four 10-13 mm. tarsal segments combined. One fore tarsal FOREWING LENGTH: male, 10-11 mm; claw and without arolium. Mid coxa piceus; 9-15 mm. all other leg Segments yellow. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: This species WINGS: Forewing without recurrent hume was originally described from southern Brazil; ral crossvein. One to five subcostal crossveins. and was subsequently described by Navas from Argentina, under various names, it 1-3-2. 1-3-3, 1-2-3, 2-2-2, 2-3-2, 2-2-3, and 2-2-4. appears to be quite common in southern Brazil However, fully 2/3 of the specimens demons and northern Argentina, but becomes pro trate the 1-3-3 or 1-3-2 pattern. Navas relied gressively less common farther north. In the very heavily on wing patterns for species Systematic Entomology Collection of INPA. identifications, and thus the large number of Manaus, there is only one Amazonian specimen synonyms. from Brazil: Amazonas, Careiro, 3-XII-1961, This species is quite distinct in several Mozarth, 1 male. In the Museu de Zoologia respects, although the general body and wing Universidade de São Paulo is a series of this pattern are similar to Mantispa axillaris and species (6 males) from Amazonas, Ilhas do M. moulti. I have seen no other species of Man Careiro, Lago do Rei, 12-IV-1967; and Amazo tispa that has a medial, dorsal line whicn nas, Mun. Itacoatiara, Ilha Grande do Serpa, bifurcates over the male ectoprocts. The ven X-1969, 1 female. tral, medial line is also uncommon. However, VARIATION; The total number of forewing the most distinctive feature is the second radial veins can vary from five to eight, and finger-like lobe at the posterior-medial margin within this limit, the number varies from each of the ectoprocts. No other mantispid has this radial cell in the following formulae: 1-2-2, second lobe.

Mr)

, 1000 km |

JO" 0 M. moulti ir M. lineoticolli © M. phthisica O M. costalis • M. gracilis

Map 5 — Geographical distribution of some Amazonian species of Mantispa. Figures 52-56 — Cllmacialla duckei Navas. 52) right forewing; 53) male genitalia, caudal view; 54) male genitalia, dorsal view; 55) male genitalia, ventral view; 56) male genitalia, lateral view.

Williner & Kormilev (1958) synonomized line. Mandibles black. Maxillary and labial the species M. bruchi Navas, M. calceata Na palpi piceus. Antennal scape piceus a- vas, and M. mista Nav£s with M. gracilis bove, yellow below; pedicel and 32 flagellar Erichson. Because of the variability in radial segments piceus. Flagellomeres about 50% sectors within this species, I feel that two wider than long. other species, for which I have examined the THORAX; Pronotum expanded anteriorly; types, must also be included in this synonomy. completely brown, except for thin, medial, They are M. trilineata Nav^s and M. gounellei piceus line at posterior margin. Meso- and Navas, which vary from M. gracilis in no other metanota yellow with medial piceus longitudi respects than the number and origin of radial nal line and piceus along lateral margin of sectors of the forewing; however, easily falling mesonotum. Pleural areas yellow, except within the normal variation of this latter piceus between mid coxa and posterior margin species. of prothorax. LEGS: Fore coxa yellow basally, becoming Mantispa moulti Navas, 1909 fuscous apically. Apical foreleg segments all (Figs. 62-67, Map 5) fuscous. Three tubercles and one very large

Mantispa moulti Navas, 1909, Moms R. Acad, cienc. ar- central spine on fore femur. First fore tarsal tes Barcelona, 7: 481. segment twice as long as other four tarsal segment combined. One fore tarsal claw and Lectotype male and paralectotype female no arolium. Mid coxa piceus; all other leg in the Paris Museum. Presente description segments yellow. based on types and 4 males, 4 females, pinned. WINGS: Forewing without recurrent hume HEAD;" Occiput not raised above level of ral crossvein. Four ot six subcostal crossveins. compound eyes; yellow with piceus markings. Pterostigma very elongate; slightly expanded Frons and labrum yellow with piceus medial apically; fuscous. All veins yellow near base, dark brown to black distally. Forewing three veins from second radial cell; three membrane fuscous in subcostal area and near veins from third radial cell. Twelve gradate base of Cu; other membranous areas transpa crossveins in hindwing. Cu bends towards IA rent. Two radial veins originating from first until briefly touching, then bends sharply radial cell of forewing; three veins from second away again. radial cell; three veins from third radial cell. ABDOMEN: Yellow, except medial, dorsal, Twelve gradate crossveins. Hindwing without longitudinal, piceus line. Ectroprocts of male subcostal crossveins. Membrane of hindwing genitalia elongate, with posterio-medial pro fuscous in costal and subcostal areas; trans jection. Projection flattened laterally, with parent in rest of wing. Three radial veins four basal spines; medially elongate, with originating from first radial cell of hindwing; apical anterior-dorsal hook bearing apical

0-5 «»

Figures 57-61 — Climaciella semihyalina (Serville). 57) right forewing; 58) male genitalia, ventral view; 59) male geni talia, caudal view; 60) male genitalia, lateral lateral view; 61) male terminalia, dorsal view. Figures 62-67 — Mantispa moulti Navás. 62) right forewing; 63) male genitalia, ventral view; 64) male terminalia, dorsal view; 65) male wctoproct, medial view; 66) male genitalia, caudal view; 67) male genitalia, lateral view.

setae. Aedeagus complex consisting of ninth HABITAT: All Amazonian specimens have gonocoxites which do not reach to or beyond been collected with light traps in primary gonarcus; sclerotized, quadrate medium pro forest. cess dorsad of spinasternum; and gonarcus This species looks identical to othsr with two ventro-lateral lobes on each sida, fuscous species of Mantispa on the basis of without medial lobes (Figs. 63 67). Hypomeres body coloration. The number of species with present. this configuration of radial sector veins re BODY LENGTH; 18-22 mm. duces the number of possible confusing FOREWING LENGTH: 16-18 mm. species, but only by examining the male ge GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION; The tWO types nitalia can accurate identification be made at are from French Guyana: Passoura, 1907, E. this time. The only other species of Mantispa Moult, 1 male, 1 female (MNHN). Further ma with elongate, non-spinous structures on the terial in the Systematic Entomology Collection tenth tergites is Mantispa lineaticollis Ender of INPA, Manaus, is from: Brazil: Amazonas, lein, from which it can be separated by the AM-010, knj. 246, 15-16-VII-1979, J.R. Arias, 4 smaller size and reduced wing nervation of males, 2 females; 15 km se of Barcelos, the latter species, as well as the shape of the 14-1-1978, N.D. Penny, 1 female; and Manaus, elongate projection, and form of aedeagal 11-1-1978, N.D. Penny, 1 female. complex. Mantispa lineaticoHis Enderlein, 1910 medial lobe. Posterio-medial projection of Mantispa lineaticoHis Enderlein, 1910, Steit. ent. Ztg., tenth tergite consisting of elongate projection 71: 348. with three apical teeth, and thinner, non-den tate lobe at ventral margin of connecting flat Hoiotype male in Stettiner Zoologischen plate. Male ninth gonocoxites not extending Museum, Stettin, Poland. beyond gonarcus; connected medially with Description based on one male, pinned dentate, heavily-sclerotized, quadrate medial process. Gonarcus with latero-ventral lobe; HEAD: Occiput slightly depressed; fuscous without medial lobe (Figs. 69-73). Hypomeres with yellow anteriorly and laterally. Frons present. Female unknown. and labrum yellow, with medial piceus stripe wider on labrum. Mandibles reddish brown. BODY LENGTH: male. 11.5 mm. Maxillary and labial palpi yellowish. Antennal FOREWING LENGTH: male, 12 mm. scape fuscous above, yellow below; pedicel and 30 flagellar segments piceus. Flageliome- GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: The hoiotype res about as long as wide. male is from Brazil: Pará, Faro, 1 male. A male in the INPA Systematic Entomology Collection THORAX: Pronotum expanded anteriorly; is from Brazil: Amazonas, AM-010, km 244, yellowish brown, becoming fuscous on prozona. 19-1-1977, N.D. Penny. Prothorax ventrally yellow. Mesonotum piceus, with anterior transverse band, two longitudi This species is very similar to the gracilis nal bands, and scutellum yellow. Metanotum species group of Mantispa and tho other completely piceus. Pleural areas yel'ow. member of this gruop, M. moulti, in basic body coloration. The wing pattern is similar to that LEGS: All leg segments yellow, except of M. gracilis Erichson. which usually, but not medial surface of fore femur fuscous centrally. always, has somewhat darker body coloration. Numerous tubercles and one large central The male genitalia of M. lineaticoHis are spine on fore femur. First fore tarsal segment distinctive with the elongate projection of the 50% longer tfian four tarsomeres combined. ectoprocts being shared only with M. moulti. One fore tarsal claw, and without arolium. However, this latter species has the configu WINGS; Forewing without recurrent hume ration of this projection totally different The ral crossvein. Six subcostal crossveins. Pte- type of this species was not seen, and the rostigma very elongate; expanded apically; description is based on another male which yellowish basally, reddish brown apicJIy. fits the original description. Although I have Veins yellow basally and along Ri to pte- seen no other Amazonian species which would rostigma; all other veins black. Forewing fit this description, there is a possibility of membrane transparent. One radial vein ori orror in identification of this associated male. ginating from first radial cell of forewing; two or three veins from second radial cell; two phthisica species group or three veins from third radial cell. Nine gradate crossveins. Hindwing without sub This species group can be characterized costal crossveins. Membrane of hindwing as mantispids of medium size (forewing length transparent. Two radial veins orginating from 13-18 mm); with dark body coloration; trans first radial cell of hindwing; two veins from parent wings without markings and elongate, second radial cell; two or three veins from pointed male ectoprocts. Male spinasternum third radial cell. Nine gradate crossveins of has very elongate, finger-like, hypomeres. The hindwing. Cu bends towards IA until briefly ninth gonocoxites are apically swollen. The touching, then bends sharply away again. gonarcus has a medial, rounded projection. ABDOMEN: Yellow, without markings. Male The only species presently placed in this group ectoprocts elongate, with slight indication of is Mantispa phthisica Gerstaecker. Mantispa phthisica Gerstaecker, 1885 with numerous tubercles and much longer (Figs. 74-78, Map 5) central spine. First fore tarsal segment as long as last four tarsomeres combined. One Mantispa phthisica Gerstaecker, 1885, Mitt, naturw. Ver. fore tarsal claw; no arolium. Neu-Vorpomm., 19: 35. Entanoneura phthisica (Gerstaecker) Handeschin, 1960, WINGS: Forewing without recurrent hume Rev. Suisse Zool., 67: 526. ral crossvein. Four subcostal crossveins. Pterostigma very elongate; slightly expanded Type in the Greifswald Museum, Greifs apically; fuscous, sometimes with yellow ba wald, D.D.R. Present description based on sally. All veins yellowish brown to black. 2 males, 7 females, pinned. Forewing membrane transparent. Three radial HEAD: Occiput depressed between eyes; veins originating from first radial cell of diffuse fuscous with eye margins, posterior forewing; three veins from second radial cell; margin, and two central spots behind antennae three or four veins from third radial cell. yellowish. Frons piceus with lateral margins Eleven gradate crossveins. Hindwing without and sometimes central triangle yellow. Man subcostal crossveins. Membrane of hindwing dibles black. Maxillary and labial palpi fuscous. transparent. Three radial veins originating Antennal scape fuscous above, yellow below; from first radial cell of hindwing; three veins pedicel and 39-45 flagellar segments piceus. from second radial cell; three cr four veins Flagellomeres as long as wide. from third radial cell. Ten to twelve gradate crossveins in hindwing. Cu bends towards IA THORAX : Pronotum expanded anteriorly; until briefly touching, then bends sharply away yellow, with medial stripe, two lateral stripes again. and two lateral spots piceus. Meso- and metanota piceus with medial, yellow stripe. ABDOMEN: Fuscous to piceus medially; Lateral sclerites piceus centrally, yellow la yellow laterally; with slightly raised medial terally. protuberances on dorsal segments IV and V. LEGS: All leg segments fuscous, usually Male ectoprocts elongate; apically pointed; slightly darker near baseband apex. Fore femur with several small dentitions on slightly raised

Figures 68-73 — Mantispa lineaticollis Enderlein. 68) right forewing; 69) male ectoproct, medial view; 70) male ter minalia, dorsal view; 71) male genitalia, ventral view; 72) male genitalia, caudal view; 73) male genitalia late al view. Figures 74-78 — Mantispa phthisica Gerstaecker. 74) right torewing; 75) male genitalia, lateral view; 76) male genita lia, ventral view; 77) male genitalia, caudal view; 78) male genitalia, dorsal view.

medial portion. Ninth gonocoxites apically Barro, VI1-1941. Further material in the Siste- expanded; extending beyond gonarcus. Go- matic Entomology Collection of INPA, Manaus, narcus with rounded, medial lobe. Central includes: Panama: Canal Zone, Coco Solo Hos stem of spinasternum bearing very elongate, pital, 2-VI-1974, D. Engleman, 1 female; Canal thin hypomeres laterally (Figs. 75-78). Zone, Coco Solo Hospital, 3-VI-1975, D. Engle

BODY LENGTH: male, 17 mm; female, 16-19 man, 1 female; Canal Zone, Pipeline Road, mm. 27-V-1977, B.C. Ratcliffe. 2 males, 1 female; FOREWING LENGTH: male, 13-17 mm; Chiriqui, Santa Rita Ridge, 24-X-1976, Al Thur- female, 16-18 mm. man, 1 female; Canal Zone, Fort Gulick, 7-VI-1975, Al Thurman, 1 female; Brazil: Rondô GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION; Gerstaecker's nia, 6-IX-1966, E. Vieira, 1 female. In the En original type was from Brazil: Amazonas, Ega tomology Collection of the Museu Amapaense (now Tefé). Enderlein (1910) recorded further Costa Lima in Macapá is a male from Brazil: specimens from Panama: Chiriqui Prov., and Amapá, Porto Grande, Limão, 12-VIII-1975. Mu Peru: Cumbasi (now San Antonio da Cumbasa), seu Paraense Emílio Goeldi has one male from all in the Stettiner Zoologischen Museum. Pará, Belém, Mocambo Forest, 3-VII-1981, G.B. Handschin (1960) listed specimens in the Fairchild and I. Gorayeb. This species ap Stockholm Museum from Peru: Marcapata; in pears to be found from Panama south to Ar the Leyden Museum from Argentina: Santa Fé, gentina. V-189"l; in the Vienna Museum from Bolivia: Jungas de Coroico, and Brazil: Minac Gerais; This species is unique among mantispids in the U.S. National Museum from Colombia: now known, because of the very elongate lateral hypomeres of the spinasternum, and the There is only one species from this genus rounded, medial lobe of the gonarcus. This presently known to exist in the Amazon Basin, species was originally described as a Manispa, but its identity has been confused. Westwood but has recently been considered a species of described the species Mantispa batesella from Entancneura (Handschin, 1960) due to the Amazonia, but the type specimens apparently elongate third radial cell of the forewing. no longer exist at the Hope Entomology Collec However, the markings on the pronotum are tion. Handschin (1960) described the species distinctly different from other species presen Entanoneura similis from São Paulo state, tly placed in the genus Entanoneura, and the while having only a sketchy idea of Westweod'o species. Navás has further complicated things male genitalia confirm its isolated position. by describing two other species, one from French Guyana and the other from Santa Ca Entanoneura Enderlein, 1910 tarina, which appear to be the same species. There is a series of this species in the British Entanoneura Enderlein, 1910, Stett. ent. Ztg., 71: 358. Museum (Natural History) identified as M. ba tesella collected by H.W. Bates in Amazonia. Type Species: Mantispa limbata Gers These quite possibly constitute the type se taecker, by original description. ries, as Westwood worked for many years at This genus was originally described by the British Museum, and they fit the original Enderlein (1910) as a subgenus of Mantispa, description. Specimens from São Paulo and to include a group of species of fairly large Santa Catarina states in southern Brazil are size (forewing lenght, 15-23 mm), large number somewhat darker and have a slightly different shape to the male gonarcus, but differences of radial veins (7 to 15 in forewing), and dis are minor and at the present time it is felt tinctive circular to crescent-shaped yellow that M. batesella is distributed from French marks on the prozona. In 1960 Handschin Guyana to southern Brazil. One other species, transferred two species with darkened pro Entanoneura limbata, is found both north and notum to this group (M. januaria and M. phthi south of the Amazon Basin, but has not yet sica) and added one further new species with been recorded from within its boundaries. darkened pronotum (Entanoneura brouneoni- Thus, only one species, as defined by Penny gra). The species M. phthisica is clearly not (1982), is known from the Amazon Region. closely related to the nuclear group and has been placed in another species group. I have seen the paratype female of E. brunneonigra Entanoneura batesella Westwood, 1867 and females identified by Handschin as E. ja (Figs. 79-83, Map 5) nuaria in the collection of the Museu de Zoolo Mantispa batesella Westwood, 1867, Trans. R. ent. Soc. gia, Universidade de São Paulo. These speci Lond., (3) 5: 507. mens appear also to be different from the Entanoneura batesella (Westwood) Enderlein, 1910, nuclear group, but without the elongate hypo Stett. ent. Ztg., 71: 359. meres (although they are present), and thus Entanoneura chopardi Navás, 1933, Revta R. Acad. Cienc. have been placed in the costalis species group. exact fis. nat. Madr., 30: 310, new synonomy. Entanoneura jocosa Navás, 1933, Revta R. Acad. Cienc. The character normally used to separate exact, fis. nat. Madr., 30: 311, nw synonomy. Entanoneura similis Handschin, 1960. Rev. Suisse Zool., these species from Mantispa has been the 67: 531, new synonomy. form of the third radial cell of the forewing. But, as Penny (1982) has pointed out, there is Type series of M. batesella is not present a gradient between the very elongate cells in the Hope Entomology Collection of Oxford found in many Entanoneura and the stouter University, England, but may be present in the cells in many Mantispa species. The scape of British Museum (Natural History). Female this cell appears to depend almost completely holotypes of E. chopardi and £. jocosa in the on size of the individual. Paris Museum (MNHN), France. Male holotype of E. similis in the Basel Museum, Switzerland. with mesothorax. Oblique piceus stripe across Present description based on holotypes of E. epimeron and episternum. chopardi and E. jocosa, and 4 males, 2 females, LEGS: Fore coxa yellow basally, becoming pinned. fuscous apically. Fore femur yellowish brown; HEAD: Occiput not raised above level of six tubercles and one very large central spine. compound eyes; yellow with two transverse Fore tibia and tarsi piceus. First fore tarsal piceus bands. Frons yellow with medial black segment twice as long as other four tarsal stripe. Labrum yellow. Mandibles black. Ma segments combined. One fore tarsal claw xillary and labial palpi yellow. Antennal scape and without arolium. All mid- and hind leg piceus above, yellow below; pedicel and 30 segments yellow, except apex of femur and flagellar segments piceus. Flagellomeres twice base of tibia with infuscations. as wide as long. WINGS: Forewing without recurrent hume THORAX: Pronotum expanded anteriorly; ral crossvein. Number of subcostal crcssveins- brown dorsally, except for two anterior, semi 0-3. Pterostigma very elongate; slightly ex circular, yellow marks, which usually coalesce panded apically; fuscous. All veins yellow at midline, and a caudal transverse, yellow near base, dark brown to black distally. band; laterally yellow. Meso- and metanota Forewing membrane fuscous in subcostal piceus, with transverse band at anterior area, near base of CJ, and for a short distance margin of mesonotum, lateral spots on me- along anal margin; other membranous areas soscutum and ail meso- and metasculellum transparent. Two or three radial cells origi yellow. Laterally and ventrally, piceus stripe nating from first radial cell of forewing; three forming collar below articulation of prothorax to five veins from second radial ceil; two to

Figures 79-83 — Entanoneura batesella Westwood. 79) right forewing; 80) male terminalia, dorsal view; 81) male ge nitalia, ventral view; 82) male genitalia, caudal view; 83 male genitalia, lateral view. four veins from third radial cell. Ten to 14 Climaciella Enderlein, 1910 gradate crossveins. Hindwing without sub costal crossveins. Membrane of hindwing Climaciella Enderlein, 1910, Stett. ent. Ztg., 71: 360. amber in costal and subcostal areas; trans parent in rest of wing. Three radial veins Type species: Mantispa brunnea Scy, by originating from first radial cell of hindwing; original designation. three or four veins from second radial cell; The species of Climrciella all appear to two or three veins from third radial cell. Eleven be vespid wasp mimics. But, whereas vesoid or twelve gradate crossveins in hindwing. Cu wasps have forewings folded longitudinally to bends towards IA until briefly touching, then achieve a da; kened costal margin, in a I k-.own bends sharply away again. species of Climaciella the same effect is ABDOMEN: Piceus with dorsal sclerites achieved by darkened pigmentation cf the cos margined anteriorly and posteriorly with tal half o£ the wing. In addition to the coloration yellow. Ninth gonocoxites not extending of the wing, the basal part of the abdomen is beyond gonarcus. Gonarcus lacking ventral often constricted in Climaciellc. Penny (1977) and medial lobes. Spinasternum lacking hypo- listed five species of Climaciella from Latin meres and medial process (Figs. 80-83) America, lacking two species transferred from BODY LENGTH: male, 16.5 — 18 mm; Euclimacia and Mantispa by Handschin in 1960. female, 17 mm. The range of Climaciella is from northern FOREWING LENGTH: male, 15—17 mm; United States south to Argentina in the New female, 17 mm. World. It is also found in most other temperate and tropical areas of the world. Three species GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: The apparent type of M. costalis is from Virin. Brazil. This are known from the Amazon Basin, and can be locality cannot be found on present-day Brazi separated using the following key. lian maps. The type of E. chopardi is from

French Guyana: Saint Jean du Maroni, 1919, KEY TO AMAZONIAN SPECIES OF CLIMACIELLA L. Chopard, 1 female. The type of £. jocosa is Brazil: Santa Catarina, Falls of the Pirai River, 1a. Notal region of thorax with contrasting near Jaragua, 1915, E. Gounelle, 1 female. yellow and black pattern . C. amapaensis Additional specimens in the Systematic En 1b. Notal region of thorax with uniformly tomology Collections of INPA, Manaus, are colored surface 2 from Brazil: Amazonas, Manaus, 11-1-1978, N.D. 2a. Body, except extremities, completely Penny, 1 male, 1 female; Amazonas, AM-010, black C. semihyalina km 246, 12-16-VII-1979, J.R. Arias, 3 males. 1 2b. Body yellowish to reddish brown, with female; Amazonas, Reserva Ducke, 5-X-1981. somewhat darker markings ... C. duckei J.A. Rafael, 1 male.

This species shares with other species of this group the ovoid yellow markings of the Climaciella amapaensis, n. sp. anterior margin of the prozona. However, it (Figs. 46-51, Map 4) can be distinguished by the paler posterior Original description based on one male part of the pronotum, lacking distinctive specimen, pinned. stripes. This is the smallest species of this group, with only 7 to 11 radial veins in the HEAD: Occiput not raised above level of forewing. £. chopardi and E. jocosa were des compound eyes; yellow with dark fuscous cribed by Navas for two specimens collected lateral stripe at posterior margin. Frons yellow; nearly 3000 km apart. E. jocosa is slightly genae black. Each maxillary palpal segment darker th»n E. chopardi, but differences in dark fuscous basally; yellowish apically. An coloration and size easiiy fall within the limits tennal scape and pedicel yellowish; flagellum of variation for this species. absent. THORAX : Pronotum expanded anteriorly; the United States, C. brunnea occidentis yellowish with dark fuscous anterior margin, (Banks) from the United States, and C. cubana and two tapering, longitudinal, dark stripes Enderlein from Cuba, which all have contrasting (Fig. 51). Mesonotum yellowish with dark yellow and dark patterns on head and thorax. fuscous anterior margin. Meso- and metascuta However, the pigment pattern of C. amapaensis with diagonal dark stripes. Meso- and metas- is much reduced; having no pigmentation of the cutella yellowish. Pleural regions completely frons, and only two thin longitudinal lines on yellow. the pronotum. Because of the slight angling of the Cu vein of the hindwing, the pigment LEGS: Completely yellow, except fore pattern of the head and thorax, and reduced femur with dark fuscous apical spot, and pigmentation of the forewing, this species darkened basal portion of fore tibia. One apical appears to form an intermediate stage between claw, without arolium. other Climaciella species and the larger Mim- WINGS: Forewing without recurrent hume tispa species, sometimes placed in Entano- ral crossvein. Six subcostal crossveins, the neura. majority being in basal third of wing. Pte- rostigma very elongate; slightly expanded Climaciella duckei Navas, 1915 apically; dark amber. All veins reddish brown. (Figs. 52-56, Map 4) Forewing membrane pale amber in costal half

(Fig. 46). Four radial cells originating from Climaciella duckei Navas, 1915, Ent. Mitt., 4 (7/9): 196. first radial cell of forewing; three or four veins from second radial cell; two or three from Holotype (of unknown sex) in the Bern third radial cell. Thirteen or 14 gradate Museum, Bern, Switzerland. crossveins. Hindwing with one subcostal Present description based on 1 male, 1 crossvein and pale, amber-colored membrane female, pinned, and original description. present on costal third. Three radial veins originating from first radial cell of hindwing; HEAD: Occiput not raised above level of three veins from second cell; three veins from compound eyes; yellow, with diffuse fuscous third cell. Twelve or 13 gradate crossveins in markings becoming darker at posterior margin. hindwing. Cu slightly angled toward IA until Frons and labrum yellowish brown. Mandibles crossvein; then angled slightly away again. and maxillary and labial palpi dark fuscous. Antennal pedicel and scape fuscous; 34 fla ABDOMEN: Segments somewhat enlarged gellar segments twice as wide as long, termi caudally; straw yellow. Male ninth sternite nally indistinct, piceus. evenly rounded apically. Ectoprocts ovoid, THORAX: Pronotum expanded anteriorly; with medial, flat field of small denticles. Male yellowish brown, except piceus at posterior ninth gonocoxites truncate posteriorly, in margin. Meso- and metathorax yellowish brown dorsal view; extending well beyond gonarcus laterally. Gonarcus with small medial point. to fuscous. Pilosity sparse, yellow. Spinasternum without lateral hypomeres gra LEGS: Fore coxa yellowish brown with dually tapering to apex (Figs. 48 50). yellow 3nd piceus bands on basal third. Fore trochanter yellowish brown with apical piceus BODY LENGTH: male, 15 mm. and yellow bands. Fore femur yellowish brown FOREWING LENGTH: male, 14 mm. basally and apically; piceus centrally; with 10 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION; The Only small spines along closing surface with tibia known specimen is in the collection of Uni and larger central spine. Fore tibia yellowisri versidade Federal de Paraná, Curitiba. It is brown with much dense dark pilosity along from Brazil: Amapá, Serra do Navio, 5-11-1963, closing surface with femur. First fore tarsal Mielkc col., 1 male. segment fuscous, longer than last four

This species of Climaciella is most closely segments combined. Last four fore tarsal segments gradually changing from fuscous related to C. varia (Erichson) from Mexico and Figures 84-88 — Mantispa gracilis Erichson. 84) right forewing; 85) male genitalia, lateral view; 86) male genitalia, caudal view; 87) male genitalia, ventral view; 88) male terminalia, dorsal view.

basally to yellow apically. One apical claw, brown posteriorly; ventraily yellowish brown. without arolium. Mid and hind legs uniformly Male ninth sternite evenly rounded apically. yellowish brown, except for darker, heavily Ectoprocts with medial, flat field of small sclerotized spot at mid- length of tibia. spines. Ninth gonocoxites posteriorly rounded, WINGS: Forewing without recurrent hume extending well beyond gonarcus laterally. ral crossvein. Six subcostal crossveins. Pte Gonarcus with distinctive medial point. Spi rostigma very elongate, slightly expanded nasternum gradually expanding, the tapering apically; fuscous. All veins yellowish brown to elongate central shaft (Figs. 53-56). to fuscous. Forewing membrane amber in BODY LENGTH: male, 18 mm; female, 18.5 costal half and along Cu; being set off from mm. clear posterior half of wing by longitudinal FOREWING LENGTH: male, 16 mm; female, fuscous line (Fig. 52). Four radial cells origi 15 mm. nating from first radial cell of forewing; two VARIATION: An anomaly of the right or three veins from second radial cell; forewing mentioned by Navás in his original three veins from third radial cell. Eleven description also appears in a slightly more gradate crossveins. Hindwing with one sub complex form in the left forewing of the Be costal crossvein and amber-colored membrane lém specimen. There are two inner gradate present on costal third and not along Cu. veins and two radial veins forking before Three radial veins originating from first radial reaching outer gradate crossveins. This ano cell of hindwing; two veins from second radial maly is missing in the right wing, and can be cell; two veins from third radial ce'l. Eleven expected as part of the normal wing variation gradate crossveins in hindwing. Cu parallel of this species. to IA to wiflg margin. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Navás, origi ABDOMEN: Segments enlarged caudally; nal type is from Peru: Iquitos, 2-VIII-1906, Adol- dorsal sclerites fuscous anteriorly, yellowish pho Ducke. One male in the Systematic En- tomology Collection of INPA, Manaus, from tarsi gradually changing from black basally to Brazil: Amazonas, Reserva Ducke, 11-XI-1976, yellow apically. One apical claw. Without B.C. Ratcliffe. One female in Museu Paraen arolium. Mid and hindiegs black with trans se Emílio Goeidi is from Pará, Belém, I.A.N.. lucent black pilosity. 24-1-1966, P. Waldir. WINGS.- Forewing without recurrent hu HABITAT: The Reserva Ducke collection meral crossvein. Three to four subcostal was made at a light trap in primary forest. crossveins. Pterostigma very elongate; ex

Although Navás' original description gives panded npically; fuscous. All veins yellowish few details of this species, the lack of dis brown. Forewing membrane amber in costal tinctive head and thoracic markings sets it half and alcng Cu, being set off from clear apart from all paler species of Climaciella. posterior half of wing by longitudinal fuscous and C. semihyalina is a much darker species. line. Three to four radial veins originating from first radial cell of forewing; two or three veins from second radial cell. Eleven gradate Climaciella semihyalina (Serville, 1831) crossveins. Hindwing with one or two sub (Figs. 57-61, Map 4) costal crossveins and amber-colored membrane Mantispa semihyalina Serville & Fargeau. 1831, Encycl. present on costal half and not along Cu. Three Math., 10: 270. radial veins originating from first radial cell; Euclimacia semihyalina (Serville) Enderlein, 1910, Stett. two veins from third radial celi. Ten gradate ent. Ztg., 71: 367. crossveins in hindwing. Cu parallel to IA to Climaciella semihyalina (Serville) Handschin, 1960. Rev. wing margin. Suisse Zool., 67: 554. Mantispa chalybaea Erichson, 1839. Ent. Zeitschr., 1: ABDOMEN: Segments enlarged caudally; 160. Mantispa grandis Burmeister, 1839, Hand. Ent.. 2: 967. completely black. Male ninth sternite evenly Nobrega tinctus Navás, 1914, Broteria, 12: 233. new sy- rounded apically. Ectcprocts with medial, flat nonomy. field of small spines. Ninth gonocoxites anteriorly rounded, not extending beyond Types of M. semihyalina and M. grandis gonarct's laterally. Gonarcus with distinctive in unknown location. Type of M. chalybaea medial point. Spinasternum gradually expan presumably in the collection of Humboldt ding, then tapering to elongate central shaft University. Berlin, D.D.R. Holotype (missing (Figs. 58-61). abdomen) of Nobrega tinctus in British Museum BODY LENGTH: male, 21 mm; female, 14-21 (Natural History). mm. Present description based on holotype of FOREWING LENGTH: male. 22 mm; female, Nobrega tinctus and 5 males, 9 females. 2 16-22 mm. missing abdomens, pinned. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION; The holotype HEAD: Occiput not raised above level of is from Brazil, and Enderlein (1910) mentioned compound eyes; black. Frons and mouthparts specimens in the Stettiner Zoologischen black. Antennal pedicel and scape reddish Museum from BRAZIL, SURINAM and Peru .- brown; 33 flagellar segments twice as wide Cumbase (now Santo Antonio de Cumbasa) . as long, terminally distinct, reddish brown to Stitz (1913) mentioned two females in the yellow apically. Berlin Museum from Bolivia. Navas (1926) THORAX: Pronotum expanded anteriorly; listed a specimen from French Guyana in the black. Meso- and metathorax black. Pilosity Geneva Museum and another (1927) in the absent. Paris Museum. Navas (1928) recorded a specimen in the Hamburg Museum from LEGS: Fore coxa black with longitudinal yellow stripe. Fore trochanter black, except Riobamba, Ecuador, and in the same museum tip yellow. Fore femur black; 10 spines on (Navas, 1930) a specimen from Santa Catarina, closing surface with tibia and central, larger Brazil. Williner & Kormilev (1958) recorded spine black basally; yellow apically. Fore this species from Argentina: Misiones, Puerto Bemberg. Handschin (1960) further listed in this group. Indeed, I have seen species specimens in the Basel Museum from Brazil: described as Necyla from Africa which are no: Rio de Janeiro, Corcovado; São Paulo, Jundiany; a part of this group. Therefore, I have left and São Amaro; in the Vienna Museum from these species as a species group of Mantispa, Peru: Marapata and; PARAGUAY, Upper Ama since most have been described in that genus zonas (?); in the U.S. National Museum from anyway. Mexico: Atencing; and in the Leyden Museum This species group constitutes the smallest from Callanoa. This latter locality cannot be individuals of the genus Mantispa. There is a found on presenl maps, but is possibly Callar. range of forewing length from 8 to 14 mm. ga, near Cuzco, or Calloa, near Lima, both in There are from three to seven radial veins in Peru, Two additional specimens in the System the forewing. The male ectoprocts are gener atic Entomology Collections of INPA, M3naus, ally not as elongate as in the other species are from Brazil: Amazonas, Reserva Ducke, groups, and the posterio-medial projection is 14-VI-1979, J.R. Arias, 1 female; Reserva usuaiiy flat and appearing more as a spinous Ducke, 27-VII-1981, E. Vieira, 1 female. Navás' field than a projection. The ninth sternite of type of N. tinctus is from Brazil: Amazonas. all but one species has a posterio-medial lob Ega (now Tefé), without date or collector. which is narrower and more acute than in the This species appears to be found over all other species groups. Finally, the male go northern South America east of the Andes, and narcus is recurved, as a dorso-medial pro perhaps Central America as well. jection that expands apically.

Climaciella bemihyalina is a most distinctive Four species of the uniformis species group species of Climaciella because of its almost have been collected in the Amazon Basin. They completely black coloration. No other species can be separated with the following key. is so dark. The holotype of Nobrega tinctus Navas has lost its abdomen, so that sex is KEY TO AMAZONIAN SPECIES OF THE UNIFORMIS unknown. The forewing is paler than in other SPECIES GROUP specimens of this species, but the very dark body and telltale tint to the forewings gives 1a. Male ninth sternite evenly rounded to away its true identity. apex M. ariasi 1b. Male ninth sternite with narrower, minuta species group acute tip 2 2a. Basic body coloration pale; wing Part of this group was originally described nervation pale; markings of head red as a gtnus by Navás, to include all those to brown 3 species that have only a single radial vein 2b. Basic body coloration dark; wing originating from each radial cell of the fore nervation d3rk; markings of head wing. It has been repeatedly shown that basing fuscous to piceus M. parvjla genera, or even species on number and 3a. Forewing pterostigma pale green to placement of radial veins is a bad practice. straw yellow M minuta Only one species has been placed in this genus 3b. Forewing pterostigma reddish brown from the New World, Necyla uniformis Navás M. compellens from Guatemala. Although the wing venation cannot be used alone, this species has in common with several other American species Mantispa ariasi, n.sp. a number of further structural characters that (Figs. 89-93, Map 6) taken together probably form a natural group ing. Thus, the generic definition could be ex Holotype male and allotype female in the panded to include these other characters, but Systematic Entomology Collection of INPA. since I have net seen the type species of the Manaus. genus, Necyla exigua Navás, from Sri Lanka, Present description based on 11 males. 3 there is some doubt if the type species belongs ferm.les. 2?, pinned. HEAD: Occiput slightly depressed; piceus originating from first radial cell of forewing; with two yellow spots. Frons and labrum pale one vein from second radial cell; two veins yellow with piceus medial line. Mandibles from third radial cell. Seven gradate crossveins. reddish brown. Maxillary and labial palpi pale Hindwing without subcostal crossveins. Mem brown, becoming darker apically. Antennal brane of hindwing transparent. One radial vein scape piceus above. p;jle yellow below; pedicel originating from first radial cell of hindwing; and 23-26 flagellar segments piceus. Fla- one or two veins from second radial cell; one gellomeies about as long as wide. or two veins from third radial cell. Five or six

THORAX : Prothorax dark brown dorsally, gradate crossveins in hindwing. Cu bends yellowish brown ventrally. Meso- and metanota towards IA until briefly touching, then bends pice'is, except scutellum pale yellow. Pleural sharply away again. region piceus, except sutures margined in ABDOMEN; Piceus, except posterior margin yellow. of each tergite pale yeliow. Male ninth sternite LEGS: All leg segments pale yellowish evenly curved to apex. Male ectoprocts brown, except fore femur and tibia piceus. somewhat elongate, with a few low teeth along Numerous tubercles and one large central medial margin. Male gonarcus with an e- spine of fore femur. First fore tarsal segment longate, ventro-medial projection that is no* slightly longer than other four tarsomeres apically expanded. combined. One fore tarsal claw and without BODY LENGTH: 10-11 mm. arolium. FOREWING LENGTH: 10-11 mm. WINGS : Forewing without recurrent hu meral crossvein. One or two subcostal cross- GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.- This species veins. Pterostigma very elongate; expanded has only been collected once: Brazil: Amazo- apically, reddish brown. All veins dark brown nas, AM-010, km 246, 12-16-VII-1979, J. R. Arias, to black. Forewing membrane transparent, 11 males, 3 females, 2?, collected from a light except subcostal area amber. One radial vein trap in forest canopy.

Figures 89-93 — Mantispa ariasi, n.sp. 89) right forewing; 90) male genitalia, lateral view; 91) male terminalia, dor sal view; 92) male genitalia, ventral view; 93) male genitalia, caudal view. This species is one of the smallest species Mantispa compellens Walker, 1858 of Mantispa, and the reduction of radial veins piaces this species between larger species of (Figs. 94-98, Map 6) Mantispa and those species with three radial Mantispa compellens Walker, 1858, Trans. R. ent. Soc. veins, traditionally placed in Necyla. The male Lond.. 5: 181. genitalia also soem to form a composite picture Mantispa debilis Gerstaecker. 1888, Mitt, naturw. Ver. of affinities. This species does not have the Neu-Verpomm., 19: 114. apical lobe of the male ninth sternite, as is found in M. compellens, M. parvula and M. Holotype female in the British Museum minuta. However, it is associated with these (Natural History), London. Syntypes of M. de smaller species in the medial projection of bilis in Greifswald Museum, Greifsward, D.D.R. the male gonarcus, although the form is narrower than in M. compellens and M. minuta. Present description based on holotype of The number of radial veins (4) is smaller than M. compellens and 3 males, 8 females, pinned. in other species groups, which also don't have the medial projection of the gonarcus. Thus, HEAD; Occiput slightly depressed; yellow, this species seems to form an evolutionary sometimes with red infuscations. Frons and link between the minuta group and the rest of labrum yellow, with thin medial line red to Mantispa. reddish brown. Mandibles reddish brown. Maxillary and labial palpi yellow, occasionally

This species is dedicated to Dr. Jorge R with darker apex. Antennal scape piceus above, Arias, who not only collected all known speci yellow below; pedical and 25-28 flagellar mens of this species, but also has collected a segments piceus. Flagellomeres about as wide as long. large number of other Amazonian mantispids.

Figures 94-98 — Mantispa compellens Walker. 94) right forewing: 95) male genitalia, lateral view; 96) male termi nalia, dorsal view; 97) male genitalia, ventral view; 98) male genitalia, caudal view. Map 6 — Geographical distribution of some Amazonian species of Mantispa.

THORAX : Pronotum expanded anteriorly; radial vein originating from first radial cell of uniformly yellowish brown. Meso- and meta forewing; two veins from second radial cell; nota yellow, without markings. Pleural regions two veins from third radial cell. Seven to eight yellow, without markings. gradate crossveins. Hindwing without sub costal crossveins. Membrane of hindwing LEGS: All leg segments yellow. Fore femur transparent, except subcostal area amber. One bearing numerous tubercles and one largo or two radial veins originating from first radial central spine. First fore tarsal segment longer cell of hindwing; two veins from second radial than other four tarsomeres combined. One fore cell; one or twc veins from third radial cell. tarsal claw and without arolium. Seven gradate crossveins in hindwing. Cu WINGS: Forewing without recurrent humeral bends towards IA until briefly touching, then crossvein. Zero to one subcostal crossvein. bends sharply away again. Pterostigma very elongate; expanded apically: reddisn brown. All ve.ns yellow basally, dark ABDOMEN: Yellow, with two rows of qua brown to black distally. Forewing membrane drate red marks on tergites IV-VII, occasionally transparent, except subcostal area amber. One other segments. Occasionally these spots unite to form red transve-se bands. Male than M. minuta, but this latter species has ? ectoprocts stout, pale yellow, with low field of remarkable variation in size. Thus, some smail, dark teeth. Male ninth sternite pale specimens of M. minuta are larger than M yellow, with apical, narrowly rounded pro compellens but in a distinct minority of speci jection. Male gonarcus with ventro-medial pro mens. M. debilis was described and compared jection, that forms an apically expanded, re with M. gracilis by Gerstaecker (1888), but no curved lobe. mention was made of differences from M. compellens. The red pterostigma and number BODY LENGTH; male, 10.5—14 mm; female, of forewing radial cells compares favorably 10.5 — 12 mm. with this latter species, and, I have not seen FOREWING LENGTH; male, 9-10 mm; female, any other species from the Amazon with such 10 — 11.5 mm. a red pterostigma.

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION; This species was originally described from the Amazon Mantispa parvula, n. sp. Basin (exact locality unkown) . The type series (Figs. 99-103, Map 6) of M. debilis is from BRAZIL: Para. Itaituba, Holotype male in the Systematic En Hahnel. I have seen specimens from as far tomology Collection of INPA, Manaus. south as Minas Gerais State in Brazil. There Original description based on 1 male, 1 are five specimens (all female) in the System female, pinned. atic Entomology Collection of INPA, Manaus, from BRAZIL: Amazonas, AM-010, km 246, HEAD: Occiput slightly depressed, piceus. 12-16-VIII-1979, J.R. Arias, in a light trap. Frons and labrum pale brown to piceus. Mandi bles reddish brown. Maxillary and labial palpi VARIATION.- This species has quite variable pale brown. Antenna! scape, pedicel and 27 red markings on the abdomen. At times these flagellomeres piceus. Flagellcmeres twice as markings are completely absent, and in other wide as long. specimens they may take one form reminiscent of the red color pattern of the chrysopid THORAX : Pronotum expanded anteriorly Chrysoperla carnea Stephens of north temper brown, except prozona darker piceus, without ate climates, which develops dark red markings markings. Pleural areas piceus, without as Fall temperatures become cooler. In late markings. Fall, a series of specimens can be in several LEGS: All leg segments yellowish brown, stages of development of this color pattern. to dark brown. Numerous tubercles and one

Mantispa compellens forms part of a com large central spine on fore remur. First fore plex of possible species with pale coloration, tarsal segment about as long as other four small size, and remarkably uniform genitalia. tarsomeres combined. One tarsal claw, and This group is found as far north as the United without arolium. States (Mantispa viridis Walker) and as far WINGS: Forewing without recurrent hu south as Argentina (Mantispa minuta Fabri- meral crossvein. Without subcostal crossveins. cius). There have been many named species Pterostigma very elongate; expanded apically; in this group, and most are undoubted!/ pale brown. Veins yellow basally, gradually synonyms. However, M. compellens is some becoming brown distally. Forewing membrane what darker than the rest of these pale green transparent. One radial vein originating from to straw yellow species. Especially dark is first radial cell of forewing: one vein from the forewing pterostigma, which is reddish second radial cell; one vein from third radial brown. Some slight differences in the shape cell. Six gradate crossveins. Hindwing without of the male ectoprocts and posterio-medial subcostal crossveins Membrane of hindwing field occur, tut the differences are slight, and transparent. One radial vein originating from may be due to position of the specimens when first radial cell of hindwing; one vein from viewing. The size in general seems to be larger second radial cell; one vein from third radial cell. Five gradate crossveins of hindwing. Cu Mantispa minuta (Fabricius, 1775) bends towards IA until briefly touching, then Mantis minuta Fabricius, 1775, Systema Entomologiae, bends sharply away again. p. 278. ABDOMEN : Yellowish brown anteriorly to Mantispa minuta (Fabricius) Erichson. 1839, Z. Ent., 1: piceus caudally, without markins. Male ecto 171. procts very broadly rounded, with low field of Mantispa flavomaculata Latreille, 1805, Histoire naturel- medial spines. Gonarcus with ventro-medial, le des Crust., 13: 94, new synonomy. tapering point, not expanded apically. Male Mantis liliputiana Olivier, 1811. Encycl. meth., 7: 640, new synonomy. nith sternite with apical point. Raphidia margaritacea Fischer, 1834, Bullet. Acad. Mos BODY LENGTH: 9.5 mm. cow, 7: 322, new synonomy. POSEWING LENGTH; 3.5 mm. Mantispa flaveola Erichson, 1839. Z. Ent., 1: 168, new sy nonomy. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION; The holotype Mantispa viridula Erichson, 1839, Z. Ent., 1: 170, new sy male was collected at Brazil: Pará, São Felix nonomy. do Xingu, 29-30-ÍX-1975, J. Jaufert and P. Pom- Mantispa viridis Stitz. 1913, Mitt. zool. Mus. Berl., 7: 29, pancn, 1 male, INPA. nec. Walker, 1853, new synonomy. There is also an allotype female with badly Mantispa pallescens Navás. 1914a, Brcteria, 12: 229, torn wings in the Museu Paraense Emílio Goel- nec. Stitz. 1913, new synonomy. Mantispilla flavescens Navás, 1914a. Broteria, 12: 231, di from Brazil: Pará, Gorotire Xingu, 14-XI-1977. new synonomy. D. A. Posey. Mantispa flavescens (Navás) Penny, 1977, Acta Amaz., These are the only specimens that I have (supl.), 7 (4): 35. seen from Brazil with only three radial veins Mantispa trichostigma Navás, 1921. Estúdios Revta in the forewing. The only other species with Acad. Literária Plata. Buenos Aires, 1921: 51, new such a reduced number of radial veins is Man synonomy. Mantispa trichostigma (Navás) Penny, 1977, Acta Amaz., tispa uniformis (Navás) from Central America, (supl.), 7 (4): 36. which is much darker in body coloration. The name parvula comes from the Latin parvus, Location of type of Mantispa flavomaculata meaning little. Latreille is unknown. Whereabouts of types of

Figures 99-103 — Mantispa parvula n.sp. 99) right forewing; 100) male genitalia, lateral view; 101) male genitalia, dorsal viewe; 102) male genitalia, ventral view: 103) male genitalia, caudal view. M. viridula and M. flaveola unknown, but lateral red spots on prozona. Meso- and presumed in Humboldt University Museum. metanota pale green to yellow, without Holotype (abdomen missing) of M. trichos- markings. Pleural areas pale green to yellow, tigma in the Paris Museum. Holotype males without markings. of M. pallescens Navas and M. flavescens in LEGS : All leg segments pale green to the British Museum (Natural History) . Three yellow. Numerous tubercles and one large syntype females of M. viridis Stitz in the Berlin central spine on fore femur. First fore tarsal Museum of Humboldt University, D. D. R.. segment slightly longer than other four tar- Present description based on types of M- someres combined. One fore tarsal claw, and pallescens Navas, M. flavescens, M. tricho- without arolium. stigma, and 18 males, 22 females, 6?. pinned. WINGS.- Forewing without recurrent humeral HEAD: Occiput slightly depressed to slightly crossvein. Zero to one subcostal crossveins. raised; pale green to yellow, without markings Pterostigma very elongate; expanded apically; or sometimes with oblique red lines between pale green to yellow. Veins pale green to antennae and compound eyes. Frcns and yellow, except crossveins, vein forks and apical labrum pale green to yellow, sometimes with endings black. Forewing membrane trans fuscous to red markings between antennae and parent. One to two radial veins originating along medial line. Mandibles yellow to yellow from first radial cell of forewing; one to three ish brown apically. Maxillary and labial palpi veins from second radial cell; one to three yellow. Antennal scape pale green to yellow veins from third radial cell. Six to ten gradate below and fuscous above; pedicel and 27 to 30 crossveins of forewing. Hindwing without flagellar segments fuscous, becoming black subcostal crossveins. One or two radial veins apically. Fla^ellomeres twice as wide as long originating from first radial cell of hindwing;

THORAX : Pronotum expanded anteriorly; two or three veins from second radial cell; one pale green to yellow, occasionally with anterio- or two veins from third radial cell. Six to nine gradate crossveins In hindwing. Cu bends Museu Goeldi has one male from Pará, Belém, towards IA until briefly touching, then bends Mocambo Forest, 3-VM-1981, G. B. Fairchild sharply away again. and I. Gorayeb, flight trap.

ABDOMEN: Yellow to pale green, occasion VARIATION: There is a great deal of vari ally with two lateral, longitudinal rows of red. ation in body size, dark pigmentation along These longitudinal lines may be somewhat forewing veins, and red markings on the head curved on each segment, and may be dark to and abdomen. Although a person would reason very pale to absent. Male ninth sternite with ably assume that specimens of much different apical, rounded projection. Male ectoprocts size, and of much lesser or greater degree of stout, rounded, with medial field of small, dark markings on the body would be different teeth. Male gonarcus bears a ventro-medial species, 1 have seen specimens collected projection, which is apically expanded (Figs. together on the same night that show much of 105-108) . the variation mentioned, and there appears to

BODY LENGTH; 4-12 mm. be no variation whatsoever in the male geni talia. Thus, M. trichostigma was based on a FOREWING LENGTH: 7.5 — 11 mm. specimen with a great deal of red pigmentation on the occiput behind the antennae, while M • GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION ; This is per flavescens Navás was based on a very small haps the most common and widely distributed perhaps t e n e r a I specimen, without red species of Mantispidae in South America markings. As no consistent differences between Latreille's original type was from French specimens, other than these quite variable Guyana- Erichson's type of M. viridula was ones, can be found, there seems to be no from BRAZIL. This species has been collected reason for maintaining these names. There are under various names from Argentina and Uru also several pale green species with red guay. It is common in the Amazon Basin, and markings described from Central America that probably is found throughout most of northern will probably eventually be placed in synonomy South America, although due to variability in with M. minuta. size and red markings, there are probably speci

mens described as other species. I have seen The frequently small size, with reduced specimens in the collection of the U.S. Nation number of forewing radial veins, the apical al Museum, Washington from Rancho Grande, lobe of the male ninth sternite, and the pro in the northern coastal mountains of VENEZUE jection of the male gonarcus link this species LA; Other specimens in the Systematic with M. compellens and parvula, n. sp. How Entomology Collectin of INPA, Manaus, are ever, the pale green body coloration separates from ECUADOR. Within the Amazon Basin, the this species from M. parvula, and the pale type male of M. flavescens was collected at green to yellow forewing pterostigma sepa BRAZIL: Pará, Santarém (without date and rates it from M. compellens. collector) . Specimens in the INPA collection are from BRAZIL: Rondônia, Porto Velho, BR- 364, km 48, 21-1-1980, J.R. Arias, 1 female: SUMÁRIO Amazonas, AM-010, km 264, 12-16-VII-1979, J. R. Arias, 1 mile, 3 females, 21, light trap; As 27 espécies de Mantispidae conhecidas da Ba Amazonas, Manaus, 25-IX-1976, N.D. Penny; 1 cia Amazônica são descritas, chaves são apresentadas para sua identificação e distribuições arquivadas. Sete female; Manaus, 7-XII-1977, B.C. Ratcliffe, 1 novas espécies são descritas pela primeira vez: Plega female; Amazonas, Manaus, Lago Castanho, beardi, Plega duckei, Plega paraense, Trichoscelia anae, 14-IV-1977, B. Mascarenhas, 1 female; Amazo Climaciella amapaensis, Mantispa ariasi, e Mantispa nas, AM-010, km 244 20-1-1977, N. D Penny, parvula Dezenove nomes são sinonimizados: Anisop- 1 male: Manaus, 7-XIII-1977, B. C. Ratcliffe, tera romani Esben-Petersen = Anchieta bella West 1 ?; Amazonas, Reserva Ducke, AM-010, km 26, wood; Anchieta nobilis Navás = Anchieta fumosella (Westwood); Mantispa cognatella Westwood = Plega 14-111-1977, N. it. Penny, 1 female; Mato Gros hagenella (Westwood); Anisoptera amoenula Gerstae so, Aripuanã, 20-111-1977, N. D. Penny, 1 female. cker = Trichoscelia egella Westwood; Mantispa (Tri- choscelia) baseila Westwood = Trichoscelia iridella HAGEN, H.A. Westwood; Anisoptera jocosa Gerstaecker e Symphi 1861 — Synopsis of the Neuroptera of North Ame sis thaumasta Navás = Trichoscelia latifascia MacLa- rica, with a list of the South American spe chlan; Nobroga tinctus Navás = Climaciella semihya cies. Smithson. misc. Collns., 4: 1-347 lina (Servilie); Entanoneura chopardi Navás. Entanoneu- 1866 — Hemerobidarus Synopsis syno'ymica. Stett. ra jocosa Navás e Entanoneura similis Handschin = En ent. Ztg.. 27: 369-462. tanoneura batesella (Westwood): Mantispa trilineata Navás e Mantispa gounellei Navás = Mantispa gracilis 1877 — Symphrasis, eine neue Mantispiden-Gattung. Erichson; Mantispa viridis Stitz, Mantispa pallescens Stett. ent. Ztg., 38: 208-211. Navás, Mantispilla flavescens Navás, Mantispa trichos- HANDSCHIN, E. tigma Navás, Mantispa viridula Erichson, Mantispa fla- 1960 — Zur revision siid-amerlkanischer Mantispi veola Erichson, e Mantispa flavomaculata Latreille = den. Rev. Suisse Zool., 67: 523-558. Mantispa minuta (Fabricius); e Mantispa debilis Gers HERRICH-SCHAEFFER taecker = Mantispa compellens Walker. Lectotipos são 1840 — Nomencl. Entom.. 2: 57. designados para cinco espécies: Anchieta nobilis Na ILLIGER. J.C.W. vás, Trichoscelia partheniella Westwood, Trichoscelia iridella Westwood, Mantispa myrapetrella Westwood, e 1798 — Kugelmann, Verzeichniss der Kàfer Preus- Mantispa moulti Navás. ssns... etc. (Halle, Gebauer). 8: 1-510. LATREILLE, P. 1805 — Histoire naturelle, generate et particulière, REFERENCES des Crustacés et des Insectes: Bd. 13, 1-432. Paris. LEACH, W.E. BANKS. N. 1815 — "Entomology" (Brewster) Edinb. Encycl., 9: 1913 — Synopses and descriptions of exotic Neu- 57-172. roptera. Trans. Am. ent. Soc, 39: 201-242. LINSLEY, E.G. & MacSWAIN, J.W. BERTHOLD. 1955 — Two new species of Piega from Mexico 1827 — In Latreille, P.A., Nat. Fam. Trierr., p. 409. (Neuroptera, Mantispidae). Pan-Paci.f Ent., BURMEISTER. H.C.C. 31: 15-19. 1839 — Handbuch der Entomologie, 2: 757-1050. MACLACHLAN. R. Berlin. 1867 — New genera and species of Neuropterous ENDERLEIN, G. Insects; and a revision of Mr. F. Walker's 1910 — Klassification der Mantispiden nach dem British-Museum catalogue of Neuroptera, Material de Stettiner Zoologischen Mu part II (1853), as far as the end of genus seums. Stett. ent. Ztg., 71: 341-379. Myrmeleon. J. Linn. Soc. Lond., 9: 230-281.

ERICHSON, W.F. NAVAS, L. 1909 — Matéspidos nuevos. Mems R. Acad. Cienc. 1839 — Beitráge zu einer Monographie von Mantis Artes Barcelona, 7. 1-15. pa, mit einleitenden Betrachtjngen iiber die 1914 — Neurópteres sudamericanos. Primera Serie. Ordungen der Orthopteren und Neuropte- Broteria, 12: 45-57, 215-235. ren. Z. Ent.. 1: 147-175. 1915 — Neue Neuropteren. I & II. Ent. Mitt., 4: 146- ESBEN-PETERSEN, P. 153, 194-202. 1917 _ Neue und wenig bekannte Mantispiden. Ark. 1916 — Neurópteros nuevos e poco conocidos. (Sex Zool., 11 (10): 1-15. ta Serie). Mems R. Acad. Cienc. Artes Bar FABRICIUS. J.C. celona, 12 (7): 119-136. 1775 — Systema Entomologiae. Flensburgi. Lipsiae. 1917 — Neurópteros nuevos o poco conocidos. (No- 832pp. vena Serie). Mems R. Acad. Cienc. Artes Barcelona, 13 (26): 393-406. FISCHER, von Waldheim G. 1921 — Algunos insectos de Santa Fe (República 1834 — Notice sur quelques Orthoptères et Ne- vroptères du Brésil. Bullet. Acad. Moscow, Argentina). Estúdios Revta Acad. Literária Plata, Buenos Aires, 1921: 49-55. 7: 322. 1923 — Estudis sobre Neurópteros (Insectes). Arx. GERSTAECKER, A. Inst. Cienc, 7: 79-203. 1885 — Vier Decaden von Neuropteren aus der Fa- 1926 — Insectos exóticos Neurópteros y afines. milie Megaloptera. Burm. Mitt, naturw. Ver. Broteria, 23: 79-93. JAnimal Life. 4: 95-188. le. Insectes. 8: 1-722. WALKER, F. PARKER, F.D. & STANGE, L.A. 1853 — List of the specimens of neuropterous In 1965 — Systematic notes on Platymantisplni. Can. sects in the collections of the British Mu Ent., 97: 604-612. seum. Part II, (Sialidae-Nemopterides). Lon PENNY, N.D. don: 193-476. 1977 — Lista de Megaloptera, Neuroptera e Raphi- 1858 — Characters of undescribed Neuroptera in dioptera do México, América Central, ilhas the collection of W.W. Saunders. Trans. R. Caraíbas e América do Sul. Acta Amaz. ent. Soc. Lond.. 5: 176-199. (supl.), 7 (4): 1-61. WERNER, F. 1982 — Review of the generic level classification 1962 — Synopsis 189 (of address given at the of the New World Mantispidae. Acta Amaz., Phoenix meetings of the Entomological So 12 (1): 209-223. ciety of America). Bull. ent. Soc. Amer., 8: PENNY, N.D. & ARIAS, J.R, 161. 1981 — Insects of an Amazon Forest. Columbia Uni WESTWOOD, J.O. versity Press, New York. 280pp. 1852 — On the genus Mantispe. Trans. R. ent. Soc. PETERSON, A. Lond., 1: 252-270. 1960 — Larvae of Insects. Part 2. Columbus Ohio. 1867 — Descriptions of new species of Mantispidae REHN. J.W.H. in the Oxford and British Museums. Trans. 1939 — Anisoptera Schneider a Homonym (Neurop R. ent. Soc. Lond., 3rd Series. 5: 501-508. tera: Mantispidae). Ent. News, 50: 82. WOGLUM. R.S. SCHNEIDER, G.T. 1935 — Symphrasis signata Hagen Pan-Pacif. Ent.. 1843 — Monographia generis Rhaphidiae L. Breslau. 11: 119. SERVILLE, J.G.A. & St. FARGEAU 1831 — In Olivier, Encyclopedia méthodique. Dictio- naire des Insectes. Paris. (Aceito para publicação em 09/10/81)