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Mantispidae of the Área De Conservación Privada (ACP) Panguana, Peru

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Mantispidae of the Área De Conservación Privada (ACP) Panguana, Peru 15 December 2019 Mantispidae of the ACP Panguana, Peru Mantispidae of the Área de Conservación Privada (ACP) Panguana, Peru Axel Gruppe1,3, Michael Gebhardt1 & Ernst-Gerhard Burmeister2 1 Chair of Zoology – Entomology group, Department of Animal Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany; [email protected]; [email protected] 2 The Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Münchhausenstraße 21, 81247 München, Germany; [email protected] 3 Corresponding author: [email protected] Received 26th September 2018; revised and accepted 12th February 2019 Abstract. Mantispidae are among the most familiar but least studied Neuroptera worldwide. Recent reviews of Mantispidae have enabled the determination of many species from the Neo- tropics. So far, no summary of Mantispidae of Peru has been published, however, according to Heckman (2017), six species are known to occur. We studied Mantispidae collected in the ACP Panguana in the Peruvian lowland primary rainforest. In the last two decades, 78 specimens have been collected around the ACP Panguana, most of which from light traps. However, with the exception of two field trips in 2015, Neuroptera have never been the primary focus of study. Altogether, 16 species have been collected, with Dicromantispa gracilis (Erichson, 1839) (52.2 %) and Zeugomantispa virescens (Rambur, 1842) (16.6 %) being most abundant. Nine out of 16 spe- cies are represented by only one specimen. Thirteen species have been recorded for the first time in Peru. Therefore, 19 species of Mantispidae are now currently known from Peru. Introduction Mantispidae is a small family of Neuroptera of nearly worldwide distribution. Although they are very attractive with remarkable characteristics, such as raptorial forelegs and prolonged prothorax, their taxonomy and systematics have not been treated for most faunas. Ohl (2004), in his worldwide review of Mantispidae, listed 410 extant spe- cies, of which 95 species of 16 genera of all four subfamilies have been recorded in the Neo tropics. However, in the last decade several new species from the Neotropics have also been described (Machado & Rafael 2007, 2010; Ardila-Camacho & Garcia 2015; Ardila-Camacho et al. 2018). A comprehensive work on Mantispidae of the Neotropics was first published by Penny (1982) for the Amazon Basin. Machado & Rafael (2007, 2010) and Ardila-Camacho et al. (2018) present well-illustrated keys of Mantispidae for Brazil and Colombia, respectively. Heckman (2017) provides keys for the South American Mantispidae and also states that the revision of most taxa is urgently needed. The Área de Conservación Privada (ACP) Panguana research station was established in the primary lowland rainforest in the province Huanuco, Peru, by Maria and Hans- Proceedings of the XIII International Symposium of Neuropterology, 17–22 June 2018, Laufen, Germany247 Pages 247-251, DOI:10.5281/zenodo.3569413 Axel Gruppe, Michael Gebhardt & Ernst-Gerhard Burmeister Wilhelm Köpke in 1968 (Panguana Foundation 2018). Many researchers have col- lected insects here during the last two decades. Although Neuroptera have never been the main focus of these entomologists, many specimens have been collected and the majority of these are deposited in the Bavarian State Collection of Zoology in Munich, Germany. In 2015, Neuroptera were the focus of two collecting trips to the ACP during spring and autumn. Martins (2019) mentions seven species currently known from Peru. However, Peru- vian Mantispidae have hitherto never been collected or studied in detail. Thus, the col- lection from the ACP Panguana, with many representatives from the lowland rainforest, is an important source for Peruvian species. This paper deals with Mantispidae collected over the last two decades around the ACP Panguana. It represents the first detailed work on a local mantispid fauna in the Peruvian lowland rainforest. A major result of this study is the increase of known Peru- vian Mantispidae species from seven to 19. Figure 1. Mantispinae (Mantispidae) species collected in the Área de Conservación Privada (ACP) Panguana, Huánuco, Peru. A − Buyda phthisica (Gerstaecker, 1885) (9.9 mm), B − Entanoneura batesella (Westwood, 1867) (19.4 mm), C − Climaciella obtusa Hoffman in Penny, 2002 (7.1 mm), D − Climaciella semihyalina (Le Peletier de Saint Fargeau & Audinet-Serville in Latreille et al., 1825) (17.3 mm), E − Dicromantispa debilis (Gerstaecker, 1888) (8.7 mm), F − Dicromantispa gracilis (Erichson, 1839) (9.1 mm), G − Dicromantispa moulti (Navás, 1909) (9.5 mm), H − En- tanoneura batesella (Westwood, 1867) (17,2 mm), I − Leptomatispa sp. (10.2 mm), J − Zeugoman- tispa vires cens (Rambur, 1842) (6.6 mm). Numbers in parentheses denote fore wing length. 248 Mantispidae of the ACP Panguana, Peru Material and methods Mantispidae were collected in the Área de Conservación Privada Panguana, Huánuco, Peru (9.63°S, 74.93°W, 260 m a.s.l.). The conservation area today covers an area of ap- proximately 16 km² and is located between the Peruvian Cordillera Oriental of the An- des and the Sira Mountains at the Rio Yuyapichis, a tributary to the Rio Pachitea and thus the Amazonas system. The forest is largely a primary Amazonian Lowland Rain- forest with only minor areas that had been logged extensively in the past. This land use increases dramatically in the surroundings of the protected area. About 90 % of all mantispid specimens were collected close to the Panguana research station, located on a clearing at the riverbank of the Rio Yuyapichis. Here, a high-pres- sure mercury lamp (160 W) with a white sheet (5 × 2 m) was permanently installed on the waterside of the clearing, about 100 m from the Rio Yuyapichis (at normal water lev- el) and about 50 m from the edge of the rain forest. Several fruit trees have been grown on the clearing and the river bank was covered by small bushes and herbal vegetation. Teams of entomologists have collected here most years between April and June and September and October. The light trap was run nearly every night between 2000 and 2017, when entomologists were present at the station. Mantispidae specimens were ei- ther pinned or stored in alcohol. All types and half of the collected animals will be transferred to the Mu seum of Natural History, Lima, Peru; the remaining material will be stored in the Bavarian States Collection of Zoology in Munich, Germany. We used the keys provided by Penny (1982), Machado & Rafael (2007, 2010) Ardila-Camacho & Garcia (2015), Heckman (2017) and Ardila-Camacho et al. (2018) for species determination. Figure 2. Symphrasinae (Mantispidae) species collected in the Área de Conservación Privada (ACP) Panguana, Huánuco, Peru. A − Anchieta eurydella (Westwood, 1867) (6.7 mm), B − Plega hagenella (Westwood, 1867) (6.4 mm), C − Trichoscelia anae Penny, 1983 (7.4 mm), D − Tricho- scelia iridella (Westwood, 1867) (8.0 mm), E − Trichoscelia sp. 1 (5.0 mm), F − Trichoscelia sp. 2 (7.6 mm), G − Trichoscelia sp. 3 (9.8 mm). Numbers in parentheses denote fore wing length. 249 Axel Gruppe, Michael Gebhardt & Ernst-Gerhard Burmeister Table 1. Species of Mantispidae collected at light in the Área de Conservación Privada Panguana (ACP), Huánuco, Peru, and their abundance. Subfamily/ Species n specimens Symphrasinae Anchieta eurydella (Westwood, 1867) 1 Plega hagenella (Westwood, 1867) 1 Trichoscelia anae Penny, 1983 1 Trichoscelia iridella (Westwood, 1867) 1 Trichoscelia sp. 1 1 Trichoscelia sp. 2 2 Trichoscelia sp. 3 1 Mantispinae Buyda phthisica (Gerstaecker, 1885) 5 Climaciella obtusa Hoffman in Penny, 2002 1 Climaciella semihyalina (Le Peletier de Saint Fargeau & Audinet-Serville in 3 Latreille et al., 1825) Dicromantispa debilis (Gerstaecker, 1888) 2 Dicromantispa gracilis (Erichson, 1839) 43 Dicromantispa moulti (Navás, 1909) 5 Entanoneura batesella (Westwood, 1867) 3 Leptomantispa sp. 1 Zeugomantispa virescens (Rambur, 1842) 13 Total number of specimens 78 Total number of species 17 Results A total of 78 specimens representing 17 species of nine genera of Mantispidae have so far been collected (Table 1). Symphrasinae amounts to 13 specimens of seven species, representing 10 % of specimens and 41 % of all collected species (Fig. 2). The other 65 individuals and 10 species belong to Mantispinae, representing approximately 60 % of known Peruvian mantispid diversity (Fig. 1). The most abundant species were Dicro- mantispa gracilis and Zeugomantispa virescens, representing 52 % and 17 % of all col- lected specimens, respectively. About 70 % of all species (100 % of Symphrasinae) were represented by only one or two specimens (Table 1). Discussion In his most recent review, Martins (2019) mentions seven species known from Peru. However, Peruvian Mantispidae have never been studied in detail. We found 17 species in the collections of the ACP Panguana from the lowland rainforest, representing about 20 % of the known Neotropical mantispid species (Ohl 2004). It is a surprise to find so 250 Mantispidae of the ACP Panguana, Peru many species in one small Peruvian area, which represents only one biome, especially if one takes into account that the specimens were only occasionally collected. Mantispinae represented about 90 % of all specimens collected and Dicromantispa gracilis and Zeugomantispa virescens were the most abundant species. This dominance has also been recorded in Colombia and Brazil (Penny 1982; Machado & Rafael 2010; Ardila-Camacho et al. 2018). In contrast, Symphrasinae – comprising about 40 % of mantispid species – were less abundant, but this taxon seems to be much more diverse than previously observed. Four individuals have not been assigned to a spe- cies because morphological characters did not fully fit the existing descriptions in the literature (Penny 1982; Ardila-Camacho & Garcia 2015; Heckman 2017; Ardila- Camacho et al. 2018). We expect that more mantispid species occur in the ACP Panguana and they should be discovered in future surveys dedicated to Mantispidae. The number of species in Peru should be much higher; this is due to the presence of many different biomes. In the present study specimens were only collected from the lowland rainforest biome.
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