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Scientific Projects Over the Period 2011-2014

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Scientific Projects Over the Period 2011-2014 Station alpine Joseph Fourier Unité Mixte de Services 2925 UJF CNRS Quadrennial Report Scientific report over the period 2006-2009 Scientific Projects over the period 2011-2014 Lautaret alpine botanic garden Lautaret Chalet-Laboratory Ruffier-Lanche Arboretum Research infrastructures (Col du Lautaret) 1 Scientific report over the period 2006-2009 3 I. Introduction/context 3 II. Research activities : summary of research carried out at the experimental 3 platform of the Joseph Fourier Alpine Station 1. General summary of the development of the platform 3 2. Physiology and metabolism of high altitude plants 4 3. Evolutionary ecology 5 4. Functional ecology of mountain ecosystems 7 5. Summary of scientific publications 9 III. Botanical activities 13 1. Botanical expertise 13 2. Development and management of the botanical collections 15 3. Botanical expeditions 19 4. The public, events and communication 21 IV. Public education 24 1. Guided visits 24 2. Brochures 24 3. Exhibitions 25 4. Publications 26 5. Presentations 27 6. Courses and workshops 28 Scientific Projects over the period 2011-2014 29 I. Research 29 1. Axis 1. Evaluation, monitoring and prediction of alpine biodiversity patterns 29 2. Axis 2. Manipulative approaches : Ecosystem experiments 30 3. Axis 3. Mechanisms of response to extreme conditions at the cellular and molecular scale 31 4. A critical assessment of the limits of the current platform infrastructures 32 II. Botanical activities and collections 32 1. Signposting 32 2. Management of the plant collections 32 3. New developments 32 III. Continued education and public education 34 1. Children’s educational programs 34 2. Botanical pathway at the Bastille (Grenoble) 34 3. Continuing education 34 4. The Saveurs des Cimes (Tastes of the Mountains) project 34 5. Publishing projects 34 6. Major exhibitions 36 IV. Construction projects 36 1. In progress (on the Grenoble University campus) 36 2. The Galerie de l’Alpe project at the Col du Lautaret 36 Annex: staff for the season 2009 39 2 Scientific report over the period 2006-2009 I. Introduction/context In 2005 the Joseph Fourier University [UJF] and the CNRS decided to create a Mixed Services Unit (Unité Mixte de Services [UMS]) called the Joseph Fourier Alpine Station (Station alpine Joseph Fourier [SAJF]). This unit brings together an ensemble unique in Europe comprising of the Alpine Botanic Garden (Jardin botanique alpin [JBAL]) and a Chalet-laboratory at the Col du Lautaret, as well as the Robert Ruffier-Lanche landscape arboretum and glasshouses to be constructed on the Grenoble university campus. The SAJF is developing at the Col du Lautaret, at 2100 m, a research platform to study the ecology and physiology of mountain plants, used by French and international laboratories. This platform is a site of botanical expertise and a place for the exchange of botanical knowledge, in partnership with The Conservatoire Botanique National Alpin de Gap-Charance and the Ecrins national park. It maintains and promotes diverse collections dealing with alpine botany : living plants from the world’s mountains, a seed bank, herbaria, a library, images, botanical illustrations. Despite the lack of sufficient space at the Lautaret site, the platform has developed as an educational resource for students studying biology, ecology, landscape management and horticulture. Finally, through guided visits of the alpine garden and the Robert Ruffier-Lanche arboretum and via the internet site http://sajf.ujf-grenoble.fr/ the station is involved in the communication of science to the public. The SAJF is a « field based » research unit, an important component of the scientific strategy of the UJF and the CNRS in the area of mountain studies. During the period 2006-2009 these organisations financed the creation of two new positions, a research engineer CNRS (2007) and a horticultural technician UJF (2008). The activities of the SAJF are financed through Pluri-Formation plans (1995-2005) from the Ministry of Higher Education and Research, a federative structure program from the ministry and CNRS (2006-2009), by a grant form the Office of Museums and Scientific Heritage of the ministry (since 1999) and by specific grants from local administrations. The century old alpine botanical garden occupies a particularly important place. Since 1899, it has combined roles of research and public education by allowing people to discover the diversity of the world’s alpine flora and through contributing to its conservation. It is both a major tourist attraction in the Hautes-Alpes (15 to 20 000 visitors/year on average) and one of the few gardens in France associated with a university, and is today recognised as one of the most important alpine gardens in Europe. This success should not mask the limited recognition of botanical gardens in the French university system and the low level of funding that they are allocated. The Chalet-Laboratory built in 1989 is a base for high quality research at a range of different scales in plant physiology and ecology. It is a facility unique in Europe for the study, in the alpine environment, of the strategies that plants use to survive the extreme conditions at high altitude and to analyse the effects of changes in climate and land use on the dynamics and functioning of high altitude ecosystems. From May to September scientists from Grenoble and their colleagues from France and elsewhere collaborate at the Chalet-Laboratory (Some 800 days of use/season). The period 2006-2009 has been characterised by the development of field plots equipped with measurement sensors, a diversification of research themes and a major increase in the production of scientific articles (some forty publications) and theses (ten) for which at leas some part of the work was linked with the site. It should be stressed that the current level of utilisation of the site has reached saturation and greatly limits future possibilities for the further development of research activities. The dynamic nature of the activities of the SAJF was rewarded in 2007 by the awarding of the Grand Prize of the Louis de Polignac Foundation (French Institute Grand Prize). In order to continue these various efforts that have been now continuing for several years, we request that the UMS 2925 UJF-CNRS be renewed as a federated structure as part of the quadrennial development contract of the Joseph Fourier University. II. Research activities : summary of research carried out at the experimental platform of the Joseph Fourier Alpine Station 1. General summary of the development of the platform The experimental platform of the Joseph Fourier Alpine Station is a set of infrastructures and competences facilitating alpine ecological research under controlled conditions or in the field, from the plant scale to that of the landscape. The platform consists of : • The chalet-laboratory - A laboratory fully equipped for ecological and ecophysiological measures situated at an altitude of 2100m at the Col du Lautaret, permitting research and the accommodation of scientists and students in the heart of an alpine area of marked ecological significance. • A high altitude experimental area for controlled experiments on alpine plants at an altitude of 2100 m. • Experimental plots equipped with sensors for the measurement of climate and ecosystem parameters, allowing the quantification of fluxes of water and nutrients and manipulations of rainfall and temperature in communities of alpine plants subject to management treatments representative of the Lautaret site. • Equipment and competences for the measurement of a large range of climatic, ecological, ecophysiological and biochemical parameters. • A plant growth facility to be constructed in Grenoble with glasshouses and plant growth chambers with cold temperature capabilities to complement the research carried out at the Col du Lautaret on alpine plants, and also provide a powerful research tool to teams working on plant biology and biodiversity in Grenoble. The proceeding quadrennial has been notable for major increases in the range of scientific activity and carried out at the SAJF and numerous developments in its infrastructures : 1) The chalet-is subject to a high rate of utilisation with some 800 to 900 working days being cumulated each year between 2006-2008 and some forty distinct projects using this facility. This rate of use results in the number of people being accommodated or using the laboratory largely exceeding current capacity. There is also a major limitation in available space for scientific meetings, other presentations and interpretation activities for the public. Continued development in terms of 3 new scientific projects and greater European focus are not envisagable without an extension. Over the last few years, the station has proposed the construction of a building to accommodate scientists and the public, until now without success. During 2008, this project was again presented in the context of the “Opération Campus” of the Joseph Fourier University, and to the CNRS National Institute of Ecology and Environment. In practical terms, during the last quadrennial, we have instituted a formal system of user fees for those using the chalet- laboratory in order to finance the maintenance of the building and its equipment, numerous items of new equipment have been purchased for the laboratory (drying oven, precision balance), for the building (extra fridges/freezers and beds) and numerous small repairs and improvements have been carried out. 2) The high altitude experimental
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