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Partnering in Anti-Corruption Knowledge A Guidance Note for Development Partners Partnering in Anti-Corruption Knowledge Using the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) for Technical Assistance and Anti-Corruption Programming ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS UNODC and UNDP express their appreciation to the donors, partners and colleagues for supporting United Nations’ work on anti-corruption. We are particularly grateful for the support received to this initiative from the UK Department for International Development (DFID). We would like to thank Fredrik Eriksson for the initial draft of this note. We would also like to acknowledge the inputs and efforts of the following UNDP and UNODC staff to develop, finalize, and publish this Guidance Note: UNODC: Brigitte Strobel-Shaw, Chief of the Conference Support Section, Corruption and Economic Crime Branch (CEB) Candice Welsch, Chief of the Implementation Support Section, CEB Tim Steele, Regional Anti-Corruption Expert for Southern and Eastern Africa, CEB Elsa Gopala-Krishnan, Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Officer, CEB Jennifer Sarvary Bradford, Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Officer, CEB UNDP: Anga Timilsina, Anti-corruption Programme Manager, Bureau for Development Policy (BDP) Phil Matsheza, Practice Leader, Democratic Governance, Asia-Pacific Regional Centre Diana Torres, Anti-corruption Research Analyst, BDP Marco Stella, Anti-Corruption Consultant, BDP CONTACTS UNODC: Brigitte Strobel-Shaw email: [email protected] UNDP: Anga Timilsina email: [email protected] Copyright © UNDP-UNODC, November 2013 All rights reserved. Design and layout: Laurie Douglas Graphic Design Printing: GSB, Inc. Partnering in Anti-Corruption Knowledge Using the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) for Technical Assistance and Anti-Corruption Programming A Guidance Note for Development Partners 2 PARTNERING IN ANTI-CORRUPTION KNOWLEDGE 150 120 90 60 30 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 1 BO SN IA AND HERZ EGOVNAI 2 CROATIA 3 SERBIA Greenland 4 MONTEN EGRO (Denmark) 5 SLOVENIA 6 THE FORMER YUGOSLAV RE PUBLIC OF MACEDONIA Alaska (U.SA.. ) ICELAND SWEDEN FINLAND NORWAY RUSSANI FEDERATION 60 60 ESTONIA UNITED LATVIA DENMARK KI NGDOM R.F. LITH UANI A CANADA NETH ERLA NDS IRELAND POLAND BE LARUS BE LGUMI GERMANY UKRAINE LUXEMBOURG CZECH REP. SLOVA KI A FRANCE AUSTRI A REP. OF MOLD OVA KAZAKHSTAN SWITZERLAND HUNGARY St . Pierre 5 2 MONGOLAI LIECHTENSTENI ROMANI A and Miquelon (Fr.) ANDO RRA 1 3 SAN ITALY BULGARIA UZBEKI STAN DEM. PEOPLES' MARI NO 4 GEORG IA MONACO 6 KYRG YZSTAN REP. OF KOREA SPAIN HOLY SEE ALBANIA ARMENIA AZERBAIJAN PORTUGAL TURKEY GREECE TURKMENISTAN TA JI KI STAN UNITED STAT ES OF AMERICA SYRI AN Jammu and RE PU BL IC JAPAN TUNISIA CY PR US ARAB REP. MALTA ISLAMIC Kashmir * CHINA OF KOREA Bermuda (U.K.) LEBANON REP. OF AFGH ANISTA N ISRAEL IRAQ MOROCCO JORDAN IRAN PALESTINE BHUTAN 30 PA KI STAN 30 ALGERI A KUWAIT NEPA L LIBYA EGYPT BAHRAIN BAHAMAS Western QATAR UNITED ARAB Sahara SAUDI EM IRAT ES INDIA MEXICO Turks and Caicos Islands (U.K.) BANGLADESH ARABIA LAO PEOPLE'S CUBA DEM. RE P. Hawaii DOMINICAN RE PU BL IC OMAN MYANMAR Northern (U.SA.. ) HAITI CAPE VE RDE MAURITANIA BE LIZE JAMAICA Mariana Puerto Ri co (U.S.A.) ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA MALI NIGER ST. KITTS AND NEVIS Islands (U.SA.. ) GUAT EM ALA HONDURAS ERITREA THAI LA ND PHILIPPNEI S DOMINICA ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES SENEGA L CHAD YEMEN ST.ST. LUL UCIACIA BARBADOS BURKINA SU DAN VIET NAM Guam (U.SA.. ) EL SALVADOR NICARAGUA GA MBIA FASO GREN ADA GUINEA-BISSAU DJIBOUTI CAMBODIA TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO GUINEA BENIN CO STA RI CA PANAMA MARS HALL VENEZU ELA SIERRA LEONE GH ANA NIGERI A SO UTH ETHIOPIA SRI LA NKA ISLANDS GUYANA CENTRAL BRUNEI PALAU SU RI NAME CÔ TE SU DAN LIBERI A CAMERO ON AFRI CAN REP. DARUSS AL AM French Guiana (Fr.) D'IVOIRE TOGO COLOMBIA SOMALIA MALDIVES MALAYSIA FEDERATED STAT ES OF MICRONESIA EQUATORI AL GUINEA UGANDA SINGAPORE CONGO KENYA 0 SAO TOME AND PRINCI PE GA BO N KI RI BATI 0 EC UADOR DEMOCRAT IC RWANDA NAURU Tokelau (N.Z.) RE PU BL IC OF BURUNDI THE CONGO INDONESIA TUVALU ANGOLA UNITED RE P. Chagos PAPUA (Cabinda) OF TANZANIA Archipelago/ NEW GUINEA SOLOMON Marq uesas (Fr.) Ascencion (U.K.) SEYCHELLES Wallis and Diego Garcia** Christmas TIMOR LESTE ISLANDS COMOROS Agaleda Island (Austr.) Futune Islands PERU (Fr.) BRAZIL ANGOLA MALAWI Cocos (Keeling) SA MOA ZAMBIA Tromelin Island Islands (Austr.) American Cargados Carajos Shoals VA NUATU FIJI Samoa (U.S.A.) French BOLIVIA St . Helena (U.K.) Society MOZAMBIQUE Niue (N.Z.) Polynesia Ga mb ier Is. (Fr.) ZIMBABWE Ro driges Island Arch. MADAGASC AR (Fr.) NAMI BI A (Fr.) MAURITIUS TONGA Co ok BOTSWA NA Réunion New Caledonia Islands PARAGUAY (Fr.) (Fr.) (N.Z.) Pitcai rn AUSTRALIA Austral Is. Islands SWAZILAND (U.K.) (Fr.) SOUTH 30 AFRI CA LESOTHO 30 CHILE URUG UAY ARGENTINA Tristan da Cu nha (U. K.) Gough (U.K.) States Parties NEW ZEALAND Signatories Falkland Islands (Malvinas) (U.K.)*** South Georgia (U.K.) 60 Countries that have not 60 signed or ratified the UNCAC ANTARCTICA The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. 150 120 90 60 30 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 UNCAC Signature and Ratification Status as of 15 January 20141 This Guidance Note has been made possible with implementation review process at its headquarters financial support from the UK Department for in Vienna, Austria. UNODC and UNDP signed International Development (DfID). a memorandum of understanding in 2007 on cooperation in the area of anti-corruption as well Within the United Nations family, the United as criminal justice reform. UNODC and UNDP Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and work closely with each other on the ground, as the United Nations Development Programme well as with the development assistance recipient (UNDP) are the two primary technical assistance countries where they operate, on combating providers in the area of anti-corruption. UNODC corruption and supporting the implementation is also the guardian of UNCAC and supports the of UNCAC. 1 For updated information, please consult: http://www. unodc.org/unodc/en/treaties/CAC/signatories.html. PARTNERING IN ANTI-CORRUPTION KNOWLEDGE 3 PREFACE Corruption is a global problem. It is found in rich UNODC and UNDP consider it important for and poor, developing and developed countries development partners, both bilateral and alike, albeit in different forms and magnitude. multilateral, to focus on anti-corruption as part of However, it is the poor and vulnerable groups of the response to development challenges. UNCAC the population, who bear the brunt of corruption provides a framework to countries in reducing as it diverts funds intended for development, the occurrence of corruption and its negative undermines a government’s ability to provide impact on their economic, political and social basic services, feeding inequality and injustice development as the basic tenets of democratic and discouraging foreign investment2. Tackling governance principles permeate through UNCAC corruption is important for both donor and by giving an opportunity to establish an effective recipient countries to make sure that development set of benchmarks for anti-corruption strategies. resources are used for their intended purpose. Moreover, UNCAC could guide development partners in the design of technical assistance The discourse on anti-corruption has evolved over programmes because the implementation the last two decades, prior to which corruption was review of UNCAC could play an important role hardly part of the development agenda including in identifying gaps and needs and ultimately the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and providing the basis for technical assistance for other internationally agreed development goals. anti-corruption programming. Corruption is now at the forefront of demands by citizens for greater accountability and efficient More specifically, in line with the Paris Declaration utilization of resources and has become one of the and the Accra Agenda of Action, the Convention key topics during the various consultations on post- provides a platform for dialogue, coordination and 2015 development agenda. harmonisation among development partners by emphasizing on the national ownership as Member More importantly, the United Nations Convention States are obliged to implement UNCAC when they Against Corruption (UNCAC), which came into ratify it or accede to it. force in December 2005, has created a global momentum in fighting corruption as it has nearly Therefore, there is a need for development part- universal ratification (170 States parties as of 15 ners, in particular for their field staff, to become January 2014)3. UNCAC provides a comprehensive more familiar with UNCAC and its provisions as well and multi-disciplinary framework for the as with the functioning of the review mechanism prevention of and fight against corruption at the and the potential of the outcomes of the imple- national level, as well as for effective regional and mentation reviews as a programming framework. international cooperation. This has recently been reiterated by the G20 commitment to supporting As such the Convention opens multiple a common approach to an effective global anti- opportunities for enhancing the effectiveness corruption regime as enshrined in UNCAC. of development assistance in the areas of accountability, transparency and integrity, particularly in the management of public finances and public affairs. 2 Kofi Annan, former UN Secretary-General, on the adoption of the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC), 31 october 2003. 3 http://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/treaties/CAC/signatories. html. 4 PARTNERING IN ANTI-CORRUPTION KNOWLEDGE This Note provides some guidance on what We hope that this guidance note will serve as an the UNCAC can mean for the work of various important tool for dialogue among development development partners and practitioners. The aim partners and with governments on how we can is to raise awareness about UNCAC and provide effectively coordinate development assistance some guidance on how UNCAC could be used on anti-corruption.
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