Pwint Thit Sa Project Transparency in Myanmar Enterprises Third Report | 2016
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Business Conglomerates in the Context of Myanmar's Economic
Chapter 6 Business Conglomerates in the Context of Myanmar’s Economic Reform Aung Min and Toshihiro Kudo Abstract The purpose of this paper is to identify the role of conglomerates in the context of Myanmar’s economic reform process. The paper addresses the research question of the role of business conglomerates and the Myanmar economy, such as are they growth engines or just political cronies? We select some of the top conglomerates in Myanmar and assess their profile, performance, and strategies and examine the sources of growth and limitations for future growth and prospects. The top groups chosen for this paper are Htoo, Kanbawza, Max, Asia World, IGE, Shwe Taung, Serge Pun Associates (SPA)/First Myanmar Investment Group of Companies (FMI), Loi Hein, IBTC, Myanmar Economic Corporation (MEC), and Union of Myanmar Economic Holdings Ltd. (UMEHL). There are other local conglomerates that this paper does not address and they include Shwe Than Lwin Group, Eden Group, Capital and Dagon International etc., which are suggested for further research about Myanmar’s conglomerates in the future. Sources of growth and key success factors of the top business groups are their connection with government, contact with foreign partners, and their competency in the past and present. In the context of the economic reform, previously favored business people appear to recognize that the risks of challenging economic reform could outweigh the likely benefits. In addition, some of the founders and top management of the conglomerates are still subject to US sanctions. Market openness, media monitoring, competition by local and foreign players, sanctions, and the changing trends of policy and the economy limit the growth of conglomerates. -
Military Brotherhood Between Thailand and Myanmar: from Ruling to Governing the Borderlands
1 Military Brotherhood between Thailand and Myanmar: From Ruling to Governing the Borderlands Naruemon Thabchumphon, Carl Middleton, Zaw Aung, Surada Chundasutathanakul, and Fransiskus Adrian Tarmedi1, 2 Paper presented at the 4th Conference of the Asian Borderlands Research Network conference “Activated Borders: Re-openings, Ruptures and Relationships”, 8-10 December 2014 Southeast Asia Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong 1. Introduction Signaling a new phase of cooperation between Thailand and Myanmar, on 9 October 2014, Thailand’s new Prime Minister, General Prayuth Chan-o-cha took a two-day trip to Myanmar where he met with high-ranked officials in the capital Nay Pi Taw, including President Thein Sein. That this was Prime Minister Prayuth’s first overseas visit since becoming Prime Minister underscored the significance of Thailand’s relationship with Myanmar. During their meeting, Prime Minister Prayuth and President Thein Sein agreed to better regulate border areas and deepen their cooperation on border related issues, including on illicit drugs, formal and illegal migrant labor, including how to more efficiently regulate labor and make Myanmar migrant registration processes more efficient in Thailand, human trafficking, and plans to develop economic zones along border areas – for example, in Mae 3 Sot district of Tak province - to boost trade, investment and create jobs in the areas . With a stated goal of facilitating border trade, 3 pairs of adjacent provinces were named as “sister provinces” under Memorandums of Understanding between Myanmar and Thailand signed by the respective Provincial governors during the trip.4 Sharing more than 2000 kilometer of border, both leaders reportedly understood these issues as “partnership matters for security and development” (Bangkok Post, 2014). -
Emerging Faces: Lawyers in Myanmar (2014)
________________________________________________________________ ILAC / CEELI Institute Report: ________________________________________________________________ Emerging Faces: Lawyers in Myanmar As they emerge from decades of repression in Myanmar, lawyers are moving into the spotlight in the evolving new system. Today’s lawyers will be expected to be the guardians of personal liberty, land tenure, human rights, and freedom of expression in their country for the next several decades. ________________________________________________________________ ILAC / CEELI Institute Report: ________________________________________________________________ Emerging Faces: Report after report on the situation in Myanmar calls for the in- creased enforcement of human rights, protection of minorities, Lawyers in Myanmar cessation of “land grabs,” and safeguards for free speech. Typi- cally, such observers assume that if sufficient political changes As they emerge from decades of repression in Myanmar, lawyers are moving into the spotlight in the evolving are enacted, Burmese lawyers – like their counterparts in otherCHINA countries – will act as skilled advocates promoting and protect- new system. Today’s lawyers will be expected to be the ing the rights of the citizenry. guardians of personal liberty, land tenure, human rights, and freedom of expression in their country for the next But who are these lawyers? Are current Burmese lawyers ready several decades. MANDALAY to operate in a modern legal system based on the rule of law?KENGTUNG BAGAN TAUNGGYI MHAUKU HEHO Beginning in August 2013, the CEELI Institute and the Burma Center Prague, working in cooperation with the International TAUNGO Legal Assistance Consortium (ILAC)PYAY provided skills-based train- ing for roughly 200 Burmese lawyers through the Upper and Lower Myanmar Lawyers Networks.YANGON These trainingsBAGO focused on (RANGOON) “street lawyers” involved in the day-to-day represen-THA tation TON of ordinary Burmese citizens. -
Enhancing the Effectiveness of Anti-Corruption Agencies
COMBATING ASIAN CORRUPTION: ENHANCING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ANTI-CORRUPTION AGENCIES Jon S.T. Quah* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 2 II. THE POLICY CONTEXTS OF ASIAN COUNTRIES ................ 8 A. Geographical Constraints ...................................................... I 0 B. Colonial Legacy .................................................................... 12 C. Economic Development ........................................................ 18 D. Population and Culture ......................................................... 20 E. Political and Legal Systems .................................................. 22 F. Difficult Governance Environment of Fragile States ........... 24 III. COMBATING CORRUPTION WITH A SINGLE ANTI- CORRUPTION AGENCY (ACA) .............................................. 26 A. Singapore's Effective Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau ( CPI B) ...................................................................... 26 B. Hong Kong's Effective Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) .................................................. 31 C. South Korea's "Toothless" ACAs ........................................ 35 IV. COMBATING CORRUPTION WITH MANY ANTI- CORRUPTION AGENCIES ....................................................... 41 A. China's Flawed A CAs .......................................................... 42 I. Reliance on Multiple A CAs ............................................. 43 2. Reliance on Anti-Corruption -
A Strategic Urban Development Plan of Greater Yangon
A Strategic A Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC) UrbanDevelopment Plan of Greater The Republic of the Union of Myanmar A Strategic Urban Development Plan of Greater Yangon The Project for the Strategic Urban Development Plan of the Greater Yangon Yangon FINAL REPORT I Part-I: The Current Conditions FINAL REPORT I FINAL Part - I:The Current Conditions April 2013 Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. NJS Consultants Co., Ltd. YACHIYO Engineering Co., Ltd. International Development Center of Japan Inc. Asia Air Survey Co., Ltd. 2013 April ALMEC Corporation JICA EI JR 13-132 N 0 300km 0 20km INDIA CHINA Yangon Region BANGLADESH MYANMAR LAOS Taikkyi T.S. Yangon Region Greater Yangon THAILAND Hmawbi T.S. Hlegu T.S. Htantabin T.S. Yangon City Kayan T.S. 20km 30km Twantay T.S. Thanlyin T.S. Thongwa T.S. Thilawa Port & SEZ Planning調査対象地域 Area Kyauktan T.S. Kawhmu T.S. Kungyangon T.S. 調査対象地域Greater Yangon (Yangon City and Periphery 6 Townships) ヤンゴン地域Yangon Region Planning調査対象位置図 Area ヤンゴン市Yangon City The Project for the Strategic Urban Development Plan of the Greater Yangon Final Report I The Project for The Strategic Urban Development Plan of the Greater Yangon Final Report I < Part-I: The Current Conditions > The Final Report I consists of three parts as shown below, and this is Part-I. 1. Part-I: The Current Conditions 2. Part-II: The Master Plan 3. Part-III: Appendix TABLE OF CONTENTS Page < Part-I: The Current Conditions > CHAPTER 1: Introduction 1.1 Background ............................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Objectives .................................................................................................................. 1-1 1.3 Study Period ............................................................................................................. -
Corruption and Good Governance in Asia
046.qxd 9/25/2006 12:01 PM Page 1 Batch number: 1 CHECKLIST (must be completed before press) (Please cross through any items that are not applicable) Front board: Spine: Back board: ❑ Title ❑ Title ❑ ISBN ❑ Subtitle ❑ Subtitle ❑ Barcode ❑ Author/edited by ❑ Author/edited by Edited by IN ASIA AND GOOD GOVERNANCE CORRUPTION ❑ Series title ❑ Extra logo if required ❑ Extra logo if required Corruption and Good General: ❑ Book size Governance in Asia ❑ Type fit on spine Nicholas Tarling Nicholas CIRCULATED Date: SEEN BY DESK EDITOR: REVISE NEEDED Initial: Date: APPROVED FOR PRESS BY DESK EDITOR Initial: Date: Edited by Nicholas Tarling ,!7IA4BISBN 978-0-415-36904-6 Routledge studies in the modern history of Asia www.routledge.com ï an informa business PC4 Royal Demy B-format Spine back edge Corruption and Good Governance in Asia In recent years much has been said about governance and corruption in Asia, both before and after the 1997 crisis. This edited volume analyses the causes of corruption in East and Southeast Asia and considers the means of limiting and, wherever possible, eliminating the problem through better governance. Taking a country-by-country approach, the book explores the diversity in the quality of governance and patterns of corruption among countries and regions. Insightful analysis of these differences and similarities is used to argue that political will, appropriate structures and legislation, and political transparency are required if corruption is to be stopped. All these are needed along with a strategy relevant to the circumstances of the particular country concerned. This volume outlines the key principles of good governance and the policies and practices essential for their application. -
Corruption Perceptions Index 2020
CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX 2020 Transparency International is a global movement with one vision: a world in which government, business, civil society and the daily lives of people are free of corruption. With more than 100 chapters worldwide and an international secretariat in Berlin, we are leading the fight against corruption to turn this vision into reality. #cpi2020 www.transparency.org/cpi Every effort has been made to verify the accuracy of the information contained in this report. All information was believed to be correct as of January 2021. Nevertheless, Transparency International cannot accept responsibility for the consequences of its use for other purposes or in other contexts. ISBN: 978-3-96076-157-0 2021 Transparency International. Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under CC BY-ND 4.0 DE. Quotation permitted. Please contact Transparency International – [email protected] – regarding derivatives requests. CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX 2020 2-3 12-13 20-21 Map and results Americas Sub-Saharan Africa Peru Malawi 4-5 Honduras Zambia Executive summary Recommendations 14-15 22-23 Asia Pacific Western Europe and TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE European Union 6-7 Vanuatu Myanmar Malta Global highlights Poland 8-10 16-17 Eastern Europe & 24 COVID-19 and Central Asia Methodology corruption Serbia Health expenditure Belarus Democratic backsliding 25 Endnotes 11 18-19 Middle East & North Regional highlights Africa Lebanon Morocco TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL 180 COUNTRIES. 180 SCORES. HOW DOES YOUR COUNTRY MEASURE UP? -
Corruption in ASEAN Regional Trends from the 2020 Global Corruption Barometer and Country Spotlights
Transparency International Anti-Corruption Helpdesk Answer Corruption in ASEAN Regional trends from the 2020 Global Corruption Barometer and country spotlights Author: Jennifer Schoeberlein, [email protected] Reviewers: Matthew Jenkins, Jorum Duri, Pech Pisey and Ilham Mohamed, Transparency International Date: 24 November 2020 The countries of the ASEAN region are among the fastest growing economies in the world, and recent years have seen a significant increase in foreign direct investment and regional integration. However, despite economic growth, sustainable development in the region is hampered by severe governance shortcomings, most notably in the form of autocratic governments, low levels of accountability and highly politicised public sectors. To tackle corruption, many countries have made substantial reforms of their legal frameworks in recent years, as well as an uptick in enforcement action. Results from the 2020 edition of the Global Corruption Barometer (GCB), produced by Transparency International, indicate increasing levels of trust in governments and governmental institutions, as well as in their ability to tackle corruption challenges, and there is a drop of reported levels of bribes paid (with Thailand being a notable outlier). Despite these improvements, gaps remain in the insufficiently resourced and independent anti-corruption agencies, high levels of state capture and a lack of protection for whistleblowers. This Helpdesk Answer looks at regional trends from the GCB, and provides country overviews for Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam. Caveat: the regional trends analysed in this Helpdesk Answer are based in part on the results of the 2020 GCB, which did not include ASEAN members such as Singapore, Brunei, and Laos. -
Enhancing the Effectiveness of Anti-Corruption Agencies
COMBATING ASIAN CORRUPTION: ENHANCING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ANTI-CORRUPTION AGENCIES Jon S.T. Quah* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 2 II. THE POLICY CONTEXTS OF ASIAN COUNTRIES ................ 8 A. Geographical Constraints ...................................................... I 0 B. Colonial Legacy .................................................................... 12 C. Economic Development ........................................................ 18 D. Population and Culture ......................................................... 20 E. Political and Legal Systems .................................................. 22 F. Difficult Governance Environment of Fragile States ........... 24 III. COMBATING CORRUPTION WITH A SINGLE ANTI- CORRUPTION AGENCY (ACA) .............................................. 26 A. Singapore's Effective Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau ( CPI B) ...................................................................... 26 B. Hong Kong's Effective Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) .................................................. 31 C. South Korea's "Toothless" ACAs ........................................ 35 IV. COMBATING CORRUPTION WITH MANY ANTI- CORRUPTION AGENCIES ....................................................... 41 A. China's Flawed A CAs .......................................................... 42 I. Reliance on Multiple A CAs ............................................. 43 2. Reliance on Anti-Corruption -
Myanmar's Important Position to Enhance Regional Connectivity
Myanmar’s Important Position to Enhance Regional Connectivity TEXT Presentation at International Conference to Commemorate the 20th Anniversary of ASEAN-India Cooperation, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 20-21 September 2012 Tin Htoo Naing Yangon institute of Economics Myanmar • The new government, in office since April 2011, has ushered in a new era for Myanmar. • It is the first democratically elected government to come to power through general elections in five decades. • The government has put in place measures to achieve positive changes in political, economic and social spheres in line with the market conditions and international circumstances. • The genuineness of the democratic reforms carried out by the new government is widely questioned. • Some observers generally accept that the reforms have been genuine and are likely to be irreversible, but believe that the rush to reform may possibly cause burnout in Myanmar because the financial, technical and managerial capacity of the government institutions and all stakeholders fall behind the pace of reforms. • In politics, although it cannot be said that political conflicts and struggles for democracy that have been locked in many years of stalemate have been resolved, cooperation on the common grounds has become a possibility based on the concept of unity in diversity. • In the ethnic affairs, negotiations have been carried out with almost all the nationality organisations that have been engaged in armed insurrection for decades and most of them have resulted in preliminary agreements and successes while some racial strife remain and delay the reform process. • In the economic sphere, development ideologies and strategies are also to be altered in accordance with the change of government system. -
Miximizing Stakeholder Value Through Corporate Sustainability Table of Contents
MIXIMIZING STAKEHOLDER VALUE THROUGH CORPORATE SUSTAINABILITY TABLE OF CONTENTS LETTER FROM CHAIRMAN EXECUTIVE BOARD CORPORATE CULTURE • Vision, Mission, Value • Our People • Milestones • Group Structure • Our Management CORPORATE GOVERNANCE • Sustainability Matrix FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS • Financial Review • Consolidated Revenue and Net Income BUSINESS SECTORS • Energy • Hotel • Construction • Highway • Manufacturing • Trading • Agriculture CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) • Employee Engagement • Community and Environment Engagement • United Nations Global Compact (UNGC) • AYEYARWADY FOUNDATION Letter from Chairman Pursuing excellence, embracing changes, acting with integrity and laying strong foundation for the future success Greeting from Max Myanmar. It gives me great pleasure to report that 2015-2016 financial year was another year of excellent progress and growth for Max Myanmar. From our company’s inception in 1993, each subsidiary of Max Myanmar has been continuously delivering greater services to our stakeholders. We are always striving hard to increase our core values of the goodwill to the people in general and the local com- munity in particular, pursuing excellence, embracing changes, acting with integrity and laying strong foundation for the future success of Myanmar. With an ambitious and a vibrant restructuring pro- gram, we have strived to transform ourselves into a Group of Companies with international practices. It has been another strong year of record result for Max Myanmar Group as we continue to execute our strategy, with revenue from core operations in 2015-16 increasing to USD 210.67 million. This is an exceptional achievement contributing by the opening of Novotel Yangon Max Hotel in April 2015. Max Hotels Group has the highest gross profit among the Max Myanmar Group entities at c.64%, which is attributable to higher occupancy rate arising from the opening of Novotel Yangon Hotel and income from outlet space rental in Novotel. -
Market Access Landscape Country Report
Vector Control in the Indo-Pacific: Market Access Landscape Country Report Myanmar INNOVATIVE VECTOR CONTROL CONSORTIUM November 2019 Contents 1. Executive Summary 04 2. Introduction 05 2.1 Country Overview 05 2.1.1 Geography 05 2.1.2 Demographics 05 2.1.2.1 Health Indicators 06 2.1.2.2 Employment 07 2.1.2.3 Living Conditions (Lifestyle) 07 2.1.2.4 Others (Internet Usage, Education, etc.) 08 2.1.3 Economic Situation 09 2.1.4 Health Status 10 2.1.4.1 Healthcare Structure 10 2.1.4.2 Healthcare Spending 11 3. Vector Control Market Overview 11 3.1 Vector Control Overview 11 3.1.1 Vector Borne Diseases (VBD) Trends 12 3.1.2 Burden of Disease 13 3.1.3 Economic Burden of VBD 15 3.1.4 Measures/Initiatives for Vector Control 15 3.1.5 Challenges 21 4. Market Analysis 22 4.1 Procurement Channels 22 4.1.1 Overview of Procurement Channels 23 4.1.2 Stakeholders 25 4.1.3 Procurement Channels – Gap Analysis 26 4.2 Sponsors & Payers 27 4.3 Vector Control related Spending 28 4.3.1 Funding 28 4.3.1.1 National Funding 29 4.3.1.2 International Funding 30 4.3.2 Funding Gap 33 4.4 Market Description and Analysis 33 4.4.1 Level and Need of Awareness of Vector Control Products 36 5. Regulatory Pathways 38 6. Market Dynamics 40 6.1 Market Trends 40 6.2 Market Drivers 41 6.3 Success Stories 42 7. Market Access Analysis 43 8.