Miximizing Stakeholder Value Through Corporate Sustainability Table of Contents
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Business Conglomerates in the Context of Myanmar's Economic
Chapter 6 Business Conglomerates in the Context of Myanmar’s Economic Reform Aung Min and Toshihiro Kudo Abstract The purpose of this paper is to identify the role of conglomerates in the context of Myanmar’s economic reform process. The paper addresses the research question of the role of business conglomerates and the Myanmar economy, such as are they growth engines or just political cronies? We select some of the top conglomerates in Myanmar and assess their profile, performance, and strategies and examine the sources of growth and limitations for future growth and prospects. The top groups chosen for this paper are Htoo, Kanbawza, Max, Asia World, IGE, Shwe Taung, Serge Pun Associates (SPA)/First Myanmar Investment Group of Companies (FMI), Loi Hein, IBTC, Myanmar Economic Corporation (MEC), and Union of Myanmar Economic Holdings Ltd. (UMEHL). There are other local conglomerates that this paper does not address and they include Shwe Than Lwin Group, Eden Group, Capital and Dagon International etc., which are suggested for further research about Myanmar’s conglomerates in the future. Sources of growth and key success factors of the top business groups are their connection with government, contact with foreign partners, and their competency in the past and present. In the context of the economic reform, previously favored business people appear to recognize that the risks of challenging economic reform could outweigh the likely benefits. In addition, some of the founders and top management of the conglomerates are still subject to US sanctions. Market openness, media monitoring, competition by local and foreign players, sanctions, and the changing trends of policy and the economy limit the growth of conglomerates. -
Military Brotherhood Between Thailand and Myanmar: from Ruling to Governing the Borderlands
1 Military Brotherhood between Thailand and Myanmar: From Ruling to Governing the Borderlands Naruemon Thabchumphon, Carl Middleton, Zaw Aung, Surada Chundasutathanakul, and Fransiskus Adrian Tarmedi1, 2 Paper presented at the 4th Conference of the Asian Borderlands Research Network conference “Activated Borders: Re-openings, Ruptures and Relationships”, 8-10 December 2014 Southeast Asia Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong 1. Introduction Signaling a new phase of cooperation between Thailand and Myanmar, on 9 October 2014, Thailand’s new Prime Minister, General Prayuth Chan-o-cha took a two-day trip to Myanmar where he met with high-ranked officials in the capital Nay Pi Taw, including President Thein Sein. That this was Prime Minister Prayuth’s first overseas visit since becoming Prime Minister underscored the significance of Thailand’s relationship with Myanmar. During their meeting, Prime Minister Prayuth and President Thein Sein agreed to better regulate border areas and deepen their cooperation on border related issues, including on illicit drugs, formal and illegal migrant labor, including how to more efficiently regulate labor and make Myanmar migrant registration processes more efficient in Thailand, human trafficking, and plans to develop economic zones along border areas – for example, in Mae 3 Sot district of Tak province - to boost trade, investment and create jobs in the areas . With a stated goal of facilitating border trade, 3 pairs of adjacent provinces were named as “sister provinces” under Memorandums of Understanding between Myanmar and Thailand signed by the respective Provincial governors during the trip.4 Sharing more than 2000 kilometer of border, both leaders reportedly understood these issues as “partnership matters for security and development” (Bangkok Post, 2014). -
Myanmar's Important Position to Enhance Regional Connectivity
Myanmar’s Important Position to Enhance Regional Connectivity TEXT Presentation at International Conference to Commemorate the 20th Anniversary of ASEAN-India Cooperation, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 20-21 September 2012 Tin Htoo Naing Yangon institute of Economics Myanmar • The new government, in office since April 2011, has ushered in a new era for Myanmar. • It is the first democratically elected government to come to power through general elections in five decades. • The government has put in place measures to achieve positive changes in political, economic and social spheres in line with the market conditions and international circumstances. • The genuineness of the democratic reforms carried out by the new government is widely questioned. • Some observers generally accept that the reforms have been genuine and are likely to be irreversible, but believe that the rush to reform may possibly cause burnout in Myanmar because the financial, technical and managerial capacity of the government institutions and all stakeholders fall behind the pace of reforms. • In politics, although it cannot be said that political conflicts and struggles for democracy that have been locked in many years of stalemate have been resolved, cooperation on the common grounds has become a possibility based on the concept of unity in diversity. • In the ethnic affairs, negotiations have been carried out with almost all the nationality organisations that have been engaged in armed insurrection for decades and most of them have resulted in preliminary agreements and successes while some racial strife remain and delay the reform process. • In the economic sphere, development ideologies and strategies are also to be altered in accordance with the change of government system. -
DASHED HOPES the Criminalization of Peaceful Expression in Myanmar WATCH
HUMAN RIGHTS DASHED HOPES The Criminalization of Peaceful Expression in Myanmar WATCH Dashed Hopes The Criminalization of Peaceful Expression in Myanmar Copyright © 2019 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-6231-36970 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch defends the rights of people worldwide. We scrupulously investigate abuses, expose the facts widely, and pressure those with power to respect rights and secure justice. Human Rights Watch is an independent, international organization that works as part of a vibrant movement to uphold human dignity and advance the cause of human rights for all. Human Rights Watch is an international organization with staff in more than 40 countries, and offices in Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Johannesburg, London, Los Angeles, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich. For more information, please visit our website: http://www.hrw.org FEBRUARY 2019 ISBN: 978-1-6231-36970 Dashed Hopes The Criminalization of Peaceful Expression in Myanmar Summary ........................................................................................................................... 1 Methodology ...................................................................................................................... 5 I. Background ..................................................................................................................... 6 II. Section 66(d) -
Country Report Myanmar
Country Report Myanmar Natural Disaster Risk Assessment and Area Business Continuity Plan Formulation for Industrial Agglomerated Areas in the ASEAN Region March 2015 AHA CENTRE Japan International Cooperation Agency OYO International Corporation Mitsubishi Research Institute, Inc. CTI Engineering International Co., Ltd. Overview of the Country Basic Information of Myanmar 1), 2), 3) National Flag Country Name Long form: Republic of the Union of Myanmar Short form: Myanmar Capital Naypidaw Area (km2) Total : 676,590 Land: 653,290 Inland Water: 23,300 Population 53,259,018 Population density 82 (people/km2 of land area) Population growth 0.9 (annual %) Urban population 33 (% of total) Languages Myanmar Ethnic Groups Burmese (about 70%),many other ethnic groups Religions Buddhism (90%), Christianity, Islam, others GDP (current US$) (billion) 55(Estimate) GNI per capita, PPP - (current international $) GDP growth (annual %) 6.4(Estimate) Agriculture, value added 48 (% of GDP) Industry, value added 16 (% of GDP) Services, etc., value added 35 (% of GDP) Brief Description Myanmar covers the western part of Indochina Peninsula, and the land area is about 1.8 times the size of Japan. Myanmar has a long territory stretching north to south, with the Irrawaddy River running through the heart of the country. While Burmese is the largest ethnic group in the country, the country has many ethnic minorities. Myanmar joined ASEAN on July 23, 1997, together with Laos. Due to the isolationist policy adopted by the military government led by Ne Win which continued until 1988, the economic development of Myanmar fell far behind other ASEAN countries. Today, Myanmar is a republic, and President Thein Sein is the head of state. -
Federal Register/Vol. 81, No. 210/Monday, October 31, 2016/Notices TREASURY—NBES FEE SCHEDULE—EFFECTIVE JANUARY 3, 2017
75488 Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 210 / Monday, October 31, 2016 / Notices Federal Reserve System also charges a reflective of costs associated with the The fees described in this notice funds movement fee for each of these processing of securities transfers. The apply only to the transfer of Treasury transactions for the funds settlement off-line surcharge, which is in addition book-entry securities held on NBES. component of a Treasury securities to the basic fee and the funds movement Information concerning fees for book- transfer.1 The surcharge for an off-line fee, reflects the additional processing entry transfers of Government Agency Treasury book-entry securities transfer costs associated with the manual securities, which are priced by the will increase from $50.00 to $70.00. Off- processing of off-line securities Federal Reserve, is set out in a separate line refers to the sending and receiving transfers. Federal Register notice published by of transfer messages to or from a Federal Treasury does not charge a fee for the Federal Reserve. Reserve Bank by means other than on- account maintenance, the stripping and line access, such as by written, reconstitution of Treasury securities, the The following is the Treasury fee facsimile, or telephone voice wires associated with original issues, or schedule that will take effect on January instruction. The basic transfer fee interest and redemption payments. 3, 2017, for book-entry transfers on assessed to both sends and receives is Treasury currently absorbs these costs. NBES: TREASURY—NBES FEE SCHEDULE—EFFECTIVE JANUARY 3, 2017 [In dollars] Off-line Transfer type Basic fee surcharge On-line transfer originated ...................................................................................................................................... -
DEPARTMENT of the TREASURY Office of Foreign Assets Control
This document is scheduled to be published in the Federal Register on 10/31/2016 and available online at https://federalregister.gov/d/2016-26124, and on FDsys.gov DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Office of Foreign Assets Control Unblocking of Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons Resulting from the Termination of the National Emergency and Revocation of Executive Orders Related to Burma AGENCY: Office of Foreign Assets Control, Treasury. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) is removing from the Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List (SDN List) the names of the persons listed below whose property and interests in property had been blocked pursuant to Executive Order 13310 of July 28, 2003 (Blocking Property of the Government of Burma and Prohibiting Certain Transactions), Executive Order 13448 of October 18, 2007 (Blocking Property and Prohibiting Certain Transactions Related to Burma), Executive Order 13464 of April 30, 2008 (Blocking Property and Prohibiting Certain Transactions Related To Burma), and Executive Order 13619 of July 11, 2012 (Blocking Property of Persons Threatening the Peace, Security, or Stability Of Burma). DATES: OFAC’s actions described in this notice are effective as of October 7, 2016. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Associate Director for Global Targeting, tel.: 202/622-2420, Assistant Director for Sanctions Compliance & Evaluation, tel.: 202/622-2490, Assistant Director for Licensing, tel.: 202/622-2480, Office of Foreign Assets Control, or Chief Counsel (Foreign Assets Control), tel.: 202/622-2410 (not toll free numbers). SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Electronic and Facsimile Availability The SDN List and additional information concerning OFAC sanctions programs are available from OFAC’s website (https://www.treasury.gov/resource- center/sanctions/Pages/default.aspx). -
ERIA: Phase II Report
TURNING ON THE LIGHTS: INTEGRATED ENERGY AND RURAL ELECTRIFICATION DEVELOPMENT IN MYANMAR Comparative Cost and Technology Evaluation Relating to Rural Electrification PHASE II FIELDWORK January-June 2014 PHASE II FIELDWORK Comparative Cost and Technology Evaluation Relating to Rural Electrification in Myanmar FINAL REPORT JUNE 30, 2014 Produced for Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA) by KWR International (Asia) Pte Ltd. The views in this report do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA), its Academic Advisory Council, and the Management. Data, statistics and the reference materials presented within this report have been compiled by KWR International (Asia) Pte Ltd from interviews, publicly-released media, presentations and other research accounts. Although these statements are believed to be reliable, KWR International (Asia) Pte Ltd does not guarantee their accuracy, and any such information should be checked independently by the reader before it is used to make any business, investment or other decision. © 2014 All rights reserved. Acknowledgements KWR International (Asia) Pte. Ltd. (KWR) would like to thank the hundreds of individuals, institutions and companies who provided time and support to assist production of the three Turning on the Lights: Integrated Energy and Rural Electrification Development in Myanmar reports, stakeholder meetings and other related activities undertaken since this project began in 2012. Beginning with our work to produce the energy and electrification contribution to the Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA)’s Myanmar Comprehensive Development Vision report in cooperation with the University of Tokyo, exhaustive research, field visits, and other activities were undertaken over the past two and a half years. -
Pwint Thit Sa 2019
Pwint Thit Sa Transparency in Myanmar Enterprises Fifth Report | 2019 +95 1 512613 | [email protected] | www.mcrb.org.mm Pwint Thit Sa is intended to encourage better corporate governance and increased transparency by Myanmar businesses. © Copyright Myanmar Centre for Responsible Business (MCRB) and Yever, April 2019. Published by TABLE OF CONTENTS MCRB and Yever. All rights reserved. MCRB and Yever permit free reproduction of extracts from this — publication provided that due acknowledgment is given and a copy of the publication carrying the extract is sent to MCRB or Yever. Requests for permission to reproduce and translate the publication ABBREVIATIONS 6 should also be addressed to MCRB or Yever. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7 The Myanmar Centre for Responsible Business (MCRB) was set up in 2013 by the Institute of PART 1: INTRODUCTION 10 Human Rights and Business, and the Danish Institute for Human Rights with funding from several How Pwint Thit Sa contributes to building trust in Myanmar’s capital market 10 donor governments. Based in Yangon, it aims to provide a trusted and impartial platform for the Five years of Pwint Thit Sa 10 creation of knowledge, building of capacity, undertaking of advocacy and promotion of dialogue amongst businesses, civil society, governments, experts and other stakeholders, with the objective of encouraging Building trust 11 responsible business conduct throughout Myanmar. Responsible business means business conduct Greenwashing? 14 that works for the long-term interests of Myanmar and its people, based on responsible social and environmental performance within the context of international standards. MCRB receives funding from The business case for corporate governance and transparency in Myanmar 15 the governments of UK, Norway, Switzerland, Netherlands, and Ireland. -
Commission Regulation (EC)
L 108/20 EN Official Journal of the European Union 29.4.2009 COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 353/2009 of 28 April 2009 amending Council Regulation (EC) No 194/2008 renewing and strengthening the restrictive measures in respect of Burma/Myanmar THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, (3) Common Position 2009/351/CFSP of 27 April 2009 ( 2 ) amends Annexes II and III to Common Position 2006/318/CFSP of 27 April 2006. Annexes VI and VII Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European to Regulation (EC) No 194/2008 should, therefore, be Community, amended accordingly. Having regard to Council Regulation (EC) No 194/2008 of (4) In order to ensure that the measures provided for in this 25 February 2008 renewing and strengthening the restrictive Regulation are effective, this Regulation should enter into measures in respect of Burma/Myanmar and repealing Regu- force immediately, lation (EC) No 817/2006 ( 1), and in particular Article 18(1)(b) thereof, HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION: Whereas: Article 1 1. Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 194/2008 is hereby (1) Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 194/2008 lists the replaced by the text of Annex I to this Regulation. persons, groups and entities covered by the freezing of funds and economic resources under that Regulation. 2. Annex VII to Regulation (EC) No 194/2008 is hereby replaced by the text of Annex II to this Regulation. (2) Annex VII to Regulation (EC) No 194/2008 lists enter- prises owned or controlled by the Government of Article 2 Burma/Myanmar or its members or persons associated with them, subject to restrictions on investment under This Regulation shall enter into force on the day of its publi- that Regulation. -
Out of the Shadows Final for Distribution
OUT OF THE SHADOWS Who really controls Myanmar’s extractives companies? An analysis of Myanmar’s first beneficial ownership disclosures. July 2020 Photo credit: © Minzayar CONTENTS Executive Summary ............................................... 2 4. Inadequate Information on Beneficial Owners 17 Key findings ........................................................ 3 4.1 Failure to list qualifying legal owners as 1. Beneficial Ownership in Myanmar .................... 5 beneficial owners ............................................. 17 Case studies ...................................................... 17 1.1 The current context ...................................... 5 4.2 Failure to identify beneficial owners of 1.2 Who qualifies as a beneficial owner? .......... 6 corporate legal owners .................................... 18 1.3 Overview of the first batch of disclosures ... 7 Case studies ...................................................... 18 2. Failure to File Beneficial Ownership Information 4.3 Problems with state-owned enterprises And Lack of a Historical Record ............................. 7 declared as beneficial owners ......................... 20 2.1 Failure to file beneficial ownership Case studies ...................................................... 20 disclosures ......................................................... 7 5. Hiding out of Scope ......................................... 20 2.2 Lack of a historical record ........................... 8 6. Recommendations ........................................... 22 -
B COUNCIL REGULATION (EC) No 194/2008 of 25 February
2008R0194 — EN — 21.12.2011 — 009.001 — 1 This document is meant purely as a documentation tool and the institutions do not assume any liability for its contents ►B COUNCIL REGULATION (EC) No 194/2008 of 25 February 2008 renewing and strengthening the restrictive measures in respect of Burma/Myanmar and repealing Regulation (EC) No 817/2006 (OJ L 66, 10.3.2008, p. 1) Amended by: Official Journal No page date ►M1 Commission Regulation (EC) No 385/2008 of 29 April 2008 L 116 5 30.4.2008 ►M2 Commission Regulation (EC) No 353/2009 of 28 April 2009 L 108 20 29.4.2009 ►M3 Commission Regulation (EC) No 747/2009 of 14 August 2009 L 212 10 15.8.2009 ►M4 Commission Regulation (EU) No 1267/2009 of 18 December 2009 L 339 24 22.12.2009 ►M5 Council Regulation (EU) No 408/2010 of 11 May 2010 L 118 5 12.5.2010 ►M6 Commission Regulation (EU) No 411/2010 of 10 May 2010 L 118 10 12.5.2010 ►M7 Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 383/2011 of 18 April L 103 8 19.4.2011 2011 ►M8 Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 891/2011 of 1 L 230 1 7.9.2011 September 2011 ►M9 Council Regulation (EU) No 1083/2011 of 27 October 2011 L 281 1 28.10.2011 ►M10 Council Implementing Regulation (EU) No 1345/2011 of 19 December L 338 19 21.12.2011 2011 Corrected by: ►C1 Corrigendum, OJ L 198, 26.7.2008, p. 74 (385/2008) 2008R0194 — EN — 21.12.2011 — 009.001 — 2 ▼B COUNCIL REGULATION (EC) No 194/2008 of 25 February 2008 renewing and strengthening the restrictive measures in respect of Burma/Myanmar and repealing Regulation (EC) No 817/2006 THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN