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Corruption Trends in the Middle East and North Africa Region (2007-2011)
www.transparency.org www.cmi.no Corruption trends in the Middle East and North Africa Region (2007-2011) Query What do anti-corruption indexes and experts say about the levels and types of corruption in MENA countries over the last five years? What are the main areas and sources of corruption? Are there specific themes and issues that are common to a number of countries? What record do governments have in tackling corruption? Are there any examples of successful anti-corruption reforms in countries in the MENA region over the past five years? We are especially interested in country based issues - rather than regional – for Egypt, Morocco, Jordan, Tunisia and Libya. Purpose Summary This Expert Answer is to assist with developing a new anti-corruption strategy in the MENA region. In Revolutions sweeping across the Middle East and particular, the donor is interested in approaches it can North Africa (MENA) region during 2011 have shone take to reduce corruption in Egypt, Morocco, Jordan, light on widespread corruption, particularly political Tunisia and Libya. The aim is to pursue effective anti- corruption in the form of stolen assets by seemingly all corruption strategies in order to contribute to peace and the deposed leaders. There also has been widespread stability in the region. evidence of prolific patronage, nepotism, and collusion between the public and private sectors that has Content contributed to the heightened levels of civil unrest and public protests. 1. Corruption trends in the MENA region (2007 – 2011) The key anti-corruption indexes — namely Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions 2. Country specific themes, issues and anti- Index, the Bertelsmann Foundation’s Transformation corruption reforms Index, Global Integrity’s Report, Freedom House’s 3. -
Corruption Threats & International Missions
PE ACE& PEACE & CONFLICT Corruption Threats & International Missions CONPractical guidance for leaders FLICT "Corruption threatens international missions, and countering it is a strategic necessity—it’s hard-nosed common sense and militaries need to know how to do it." Rear Admiral Bruce Williams Deputy Director General and Chief of Staff European Union Military Staff Foreword Corruption is a feature of all practical guidance that can be conflicts, playing a key role in used in daily work. the power-struggle between competing groups for The considerations in this resources and power. handbook will be relevant to almost all international This places mission leaders in operations and missions. a challenging situation because it means engagement with Corruption undermines corrupt entities is frequently credibility. We have no doubt inevitable. The choice is often that, with the right whether to deal with one understanding and guidance, corrupt entity, or another even mission leaders and their staffs more corrupt entity. can limit the threat corruption poses, and have a greater In places such as Afghanistan, chance of achieving stability the Democratic Republic of and security for citizens. Congo, Haiti, Iraq, and Mali, we have seen how corruption can We hope that this handbook is threaten mission success and helpful to you. We welcome all long-term stability. Yet mission feedback and comments on leaders, national officials and how it can be improved in their civilian and military staffs future editions. charged with leading, planning, and implementing international missions often lack the understanding and skills to tackle the corruption issues that can have such a devastating impact on operational goals. -
Emerging Faces: Lawyers in Myanmar (2014)
________________________________________________________________ ILAC / CEELI Institute Report: ________________________________________________________________ Emerging Faces: Lawyers in Myanmar As they emerge from decades of repression in Myanmar, lawyers are moving into the spotlight in the evolving new system. Today’s lawyers will be expected to be the guardians of personal liberty, land tenure, human rights, and freedom of expression in their country for the next several decades. ________________________________________________________________ ILAC / CEELI Institute Report: ________________________________________________________________ Emerging Faces: Report after report on the situation in Myanmar calls for the in- creased enforcement of human rights, protection of minorities, Lawyers in Myanmar cessation of “land grabs,” and safeguards for free speech. Typi- cally, such observers assume that if sufficient political changes As they emerge from decades of repression in Myanmar, lawyers are moving into the spotlight in the evolving are enacted, Burmese lawyers – like their counterparts in otherCHINA countries – will act as skilled advocates promoting and protect- new system. Today’s lawyers will be expected to be the ing the rights of the citizenry. guardians of personal liberty, land tenure, human rights, and freedom of expression in their country for the next But who are these lawyers? Are current Burmese lawyers ready several decades. MANDALAY to operate in a modern legal system based on the rule of law?KENGTUNG BAGAN TAUNGGYI MHAUKU HEHO Beginning in August 2013, the CEELI Institute and the Burma Center Prague, working in cooperation with the International TAUNGO Legal Assistance Consortium (ILAC)PYAY provided skills-based train- ing for roughly 200 Burmese lawyers through the Upper and Lower Myanmar Lawyers Networks.YANGON These trainingsBAGO focused on (RANGOON) “street lawyers” involved in the day-to-day represen-THA tation TON of ordinary Burmese citizens. -
Enhancing the Effectiveness of Anti-Corruption Agencies
COMBATING ASIAN CORRUPTION: ENHANCING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ANTI-CORRUPTION AGENCIES Jon S.T. Quah* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 2 II. THE POLICY CONTEXTS OF ASIAN COUNTRIES ................ 8 A. Geographical Constraints ...................................................... I 0 B. Colonial Legacy .................................................................... 12 C. Economic Development ........................................................ 18 D. Population and Culture ......................................................... 20 E. Political and Legal Systems .................................................. 22 F. Difficult Governance Environment of Fragile States ........... 24 III. COMBATING CORRUPTION WITH A SINGLE ANTI- CORRUPTION AGENCY (ACA) .............................................. 26 A. Singapore's Effective Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau ( CPI B) ...................................................................... 26 B. Hong Kong's Effective Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) .................................................. 31 C. South Korea's "Toothless" ACAs ........................................ 35 IV. COMBATING CORRUPTION WITH MANY ANTI- CORRUPTION AGENCIES ....................................................... 41 A. China's Flawed A CAs .......................................................... 42 I. Reliance on Multiple A CAs ............................................. 43 2. Reliance on Anti-Corruption -
Corruption and Good Governance in Asia
046.qxd 9/25/2006 12:01 PM Page 1 Batch number: 1 CHECKLIST (must be completed before press) (Please cross through any items that are not applicable) Front board: Spine: Back board: ❑ Title ❑ Title ❑ ISBN ❑ Subtitle ❑ Subtitle ❑ Barcode ❑ Author/edited by ❑ Author/edited by Edited by IN ASIA AND GOOD GOVERNANCE CORRUPTION ❑ Series title ❑ Extra logo if required ❑ Extra logo if required Corruption and Good General: ❑ Book size Governance in Asia ❑ Type fit on spine Nicholas Tarling Nicholas CIRCULATED Date: SEEN BY DESK EDITOR: REVISE NEEDED Initial: Date: APPROVED FOR PRESS BY DESK EDITOR Initial: Date: Edited by Nicholas Tarling ,!7IA4BISBN 978-0-415-36904-6 Routledge studies in the modern history of Asia www.routledge.com ï an informa business PC4 Royal Demy B-format Spine back edge Corruption and Good Governance in Asia In recent years much has been said about governance and corruption in Asia, both before and after the 1997 crisis. This edited volume analyses the causes of corruption in East and Southeast Asia and considers the means of limiting and, wherever possible, eliminating the problem through better governance. Taking a country-by-country approach, the book explores the diversity in the quality of governance and patterns of corruption among countries and regions. Insightful analysis of these differences and similarities is used to argue that political will, appropriate structures and legislation, and political transparency are required if corruption is to be stopped. All these are needed along with a strategy relevant to the circumstances of the particular country concerned. This volume outlines the key principles of good governance and the policies and practices essential for their application. -
Corruption Perceptions Index 2020
CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX 2020 Transparency International is a global movement with one vision: a world in which government, business, civil society and the daily lives of people are free of corruption. With more than 100 chapters worldwide and an international secretariat in Berlin, we are leading the fight against corruption to turn this vision into reality. #cpi2020 www.transparency.org/cpi Every effort has been made to verify the accuracy of the information contained in this report. All information was believed to be correct as of January 2021. Nevertheless, Transparency International cannot accept responsibility for the consequences of its use for other purposes or in other contexts. ISBN: 978-3-96076-157-0 2021 Transparency International. Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under CC BY-ND 4.0 DE. Quotation permitted. Please contact Transparency International – [email protected] – regarding derivatives requests. CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX 2020 2-3 12-13 20-21 Map and results Americas Sub-Saharan Africa Peru Malawi 4-5 Honduras Zambia Executive summary Recommendations 14-15 22-23 Asia Pacific Western Europe and TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE European Union 6-7 Vanuatu Myanmar Malta Global highlights Poland 8-10 16-17 Eastern Europe & 24 COVID-19 and Central Asia Methodology corruption Serbia Health expenditure Belarus Democratic backsliding 25 Endnotes 11 18-19 Middle East & North Regional highlights Africa Lebanon Morocco TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL 180 COUNTRIES. 180 SCORES. HOW DOES YOUR COUNTRY MEASURE UP? -
Corruption in ASEAN Regional Trends from the 2020 Global Corruption Barometer and Country Spotlights
Transparency International Anti-Corruption Helpdesk Answer Corruption in ASEAN Regional trends from the 2020 Global Corruption Barometer and country spotlights Author: Jennifer Schoeberlein, [email protected] Reviewers: Matthew Jenkins, Jorum Duri, Pech Pisey and Ilham Mohamed, Transparency International Date: 24 November 2020 The countries of the ASEAN region are among the fastest growing economies in the world, and recent years have seen a significant increase in foreign direct investment and regional integration. However, despite economic growth, sustainable development in the region is hampered by severe governance shortcomings, most notably in the form of autocratic governments, low levels of accountability and highly politicised public sectors. To tackle corruption, many countries have made substantial reforms of their legal frameworks in recent years, as well as an uptick in enforcement action. Results from the 2020 edition of the Global Corruption Barometer (GCB), produced by Transparency International, indicate increasing levels of trust in governments and governmental institutions, as well as in their ability to tackle corruption challenges, and there is a drop of reported levels of bribes paid (with Thailand being a notable outlier). Despite these improvements, gaps remain in the insufficiently resourced and independent anti-corruption agencies, high levels of state capture and a lack of protection for whistleblowers. This Helpdesk Answer looks at regional trends from the GCB, and provides country overviews for Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam. Caveat: the regional trends analysed in this Helpdesk Answer are based in part on the results of the 2020 GCB, which did not include ASEAN members such as Singapore, Brunei, and Laos. -
COUNTRY CORRUPTION RISK PROFILES Egypt
COUNTRY CORRUPTION RISK PROFILES Egypt Overview of Data Egypt presents high third-party corruption risks, with many governance indicators in the bottom third of countries worldwide. Successful FCPA enforcement actions have involved multiple cases of bribery to secure public contracts in the defense, civil engineering, and energy sectors. Corruption and Governance Indicators Egypt G7 Average Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index 35 73 World Bank Control of Corruption Score 31 87 World Justice Project Rule of Law Score 36 76 Major Correlates of Corruption Nominal GDP Per Capita Percentile Rank 28 89 World Bank Government Effectiveness Score 31 89 *All indicators are scores/100 or are percentile ranks, 100=best. Some scores have been adjusted accordingly. 1-33 34-66 67-100. World Bank Enterprise Survey Responses Egypt Top 10 Countries Share of firms reporting at least one bribe request 15% 1.4% Share of firms expected to give gifts to secure government contract 14% 1.9% Share of firms expected to give gifts to officials to “get things done” 19% 1.5% Share of businesses reporting corruption is a major constraint 68% 7.5% FCPA Cases (as reported) Total FCPA Enforcement: 10 Cases ● Lockheed— Regional executives were indicted for allegedly providing significant payments to a sitting member of Egypt’s legislative assembly as a “consultant” to influence Lockheed’s USD 78M sale of transport aircraft to the Egyptian military. ● Former Bechtel Executive — An executive from a joint venture between Bechtel and an Egyptian SOE in charge of handling bid submissions allegedly established a kickback program from which he derived USD 5M by influencing more than USD 2B in contracts. -
Enhancing the Effectiveness of Anti-Corruption Agencies
COMBATING ASIAN CORRUPTION: ENHANCING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ANTI-CORRUPTION AGENCIES Jon S.T. Quah* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 2 II. THE POLICY CONTEXTS OF ASIAN COUNTRIES ................ 8 A. Geographical Constraints ...................................................... I 0 B. Colonial Legacy .................................................................... 12 C. Economic Development ........................................................ 18 D. Population and Culture ......................................................... 20 E. Political and Legal Systems .................................................. 22 F. Difficult Governance Environment of Fragile States ........... 24 III. COMBATING CORRUPTION WITH A SINGLE ANTI- CORRUPTION AGENCY (ACA) .............................................. 26 A. Singapore's Effective Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau ( CPI B) ...................................................................... 26 B. Hong Kong's Effective Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) .................................................. 31 C. South Korea's "Toothless" ACAs ........................................ 35 IV. COMBATING CORRUPTION WITH MANY ANTI- CORRUPTION AGENCIES ....................................................... 41 A. China's Flawed A CAs .......................................................... 42 I. Reliance on Multiple A CAs ............................................. 43 2. Reliance on Anti-Corruption -
Open Document
CSR Risk Check EGYPT 21 country risk(s) have been identified • HUMAN RIGHTS & ETHICS (11) GOVERNMENT INFLUENCE (9 RISKS) This country is marked as a “high risk" country for political risks on the Aon political risk map. This is level 5 on a 1-to-6 scale. Please visit the website for more detailed information about this country. Sources: Aon, Political Risk Map, 2020 Egypt is considered to be "not free" according to the Freedom House Country List. This means that there is an oppressive regime, with regard to political rights and civil liberties. Sources: Freedom House, Freedom in the World, 2020 The political situation in Egypt remains unstable. The army, military police and central security forces use violence, which is sometimes excessive. They try to suppress new protests, which arise because demonstrators are angry and frustrated by the slow pace of political and human rights reforms. There is a reduction of personal freedoms. The president wants to stay in power longer, which undermines democracy. Sources: Hoover Institution, Challenges to stability in Egypt, 2019 According to The Africa Competitiveness Report, the most problematic risk factors for entrepreneurs in Egypt are policy instability, government instability/coups, and access to financing. Sources: World Economic Forum, The Africa Competitiveness Report, 2015 There is a major lack of control and accountability with the government in Egypt. Unfair trials are common. Read more about this in the Amnesty International report. Sources: Amnesty International, Report 2017/2018 - The state of the World's Human Rights, 2018 There are strong indications that press freedom in Egypt is very limited. -
Motivating Business to Counter Corruption: a Practitioner
Motivating Business to Counter Corruption A Practitioner Handbook on Anti-Corruption Incentives and Sanctions About the HUMBOLDT-VIADRINA School of Governance The HUMBOLDT-VIADRINA School of Governance in Berlin was founded in 2009 by the Humboldt University of Berlin and the European University Viadrina in Frankfurt (Oder) to bring together the public and business sectors, civil society, academia, and the media. Its aim is to find practical solutions for social challenges and to contribute to sustainable democratic politics by building political consensus through multi-stakeholder cooperation. The School has a special character: it seeks to be an academically respected institution, as well as an active civil society organization that encourages public debates and long-term policy projects. © 2013 HUMBOLDT-VIADRINA School of Governance. All rights reserved. Authors: Sebastian Wegner, Jennifer Schöberlein, Sven Biermann Editor: Stephanie Debere Design: Tanja Lemke-Mahdavi The authors would like to thank the Steering Committee of this initiative for their invaluable support: Prof. Dr. Gesine Schwan, Dr. Valerie Federico-Weinzierl, Jermyn Brooks and Prof. Dr. Peter Eigen. The authors are further very grateful to Esther Pieterse for contributing to this Handbook. Every effort has been made to verify the accuracy of the information contained in this document. All information was believed to be correct as of October 2013. Nevertheless HUMBOLDT-VIADRINA School of Governance cannot accept responsibility for the consequences of its use for other purposes or in other contexts. Motivating Business to Counter Corruption Foreword Corruption is considered one of the most pressing concerns of our time. It fuels poverty and political instability, undermines sustainable economic growth and distorts fair competition. -
Partnering in Anti-Corruption Knowledge
A Guidance Note for Development Partners Partnering in Anti-Corruption Knowledge Using the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) for Technical Assistance and Anti-Corruption Programming ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS UNODC and UNDP express their appreciation to the donors, partners and colleagues for supporting United Nations’ work on anti-corruption. We are particularly grateful for the support received to this initiative from the UK Department for International Development (DFID). We would like to thank Fredrik Eriksson for the initial draft of this note. We would also like to acknowledge the inputs and efforts of the following UNDP and UNODC staff to develop, finalize, and publish this Guidance Note: UNODC: Brigitte Strobel-Shaw, Chief of the Conference Support Section, Corruption and Economic Crime Branch (CEB) Candice Welsch, Chief of the Implementation Support Section, CEB Tim Steele, Regional Anti-Corruption Expert for Southern and Eastern Africa, CEB Elsa Gopala-Krishnan, Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Officer, CEB Jennifer Sarvary Bradford, Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Officer, CEB UNDP: Anga Timilsina, Anti-corruption Programme Manager, Bureau for Development Policy (BDP) Phil Matsheza, Practice Leader, Democratic Governance, Asia-Pacific Regional Centre Diana Torres, Anti-corruption Research Analyst, BDP Marco Stella, Anti-Corruption Consultant, BDP CONTACTS UNODC: Brigitte Strobel-Shaw email: [email protected] UNDP: Anga Timilsina email: [email protected] Copyright © UNDP-UNODC, November 2013 All rights reserved. Design and layout: Laurie Douglas Graphic Design Printing: GSB, Inc. Partnering in Anti-Corruption Knowledge Using the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) for Technical Assistance and Anti-Corruption Programming A Guidance Note for Development Partners 2 PARTNERING IN ANTI-CORRUPTION KNOWLEDGE 150 120 90 60 30 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 1 BO SN IA AND HERZ EGOVNAI 2 CROATIA 3 SERBIA Greenland 4 MONTEN EGRO (Denmark) 5 SLOVENIA 6 THE FORMER YUGOSLAV RE PUBLIC OF MACEDONIA Alaska (U.SA.