Bibliography on Corruption and Anticorruption Professor Matthew C
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The Evolution of Corruption: from "Honest Graft" to Conflicts of Interest
T ONE The Evolution of Corruption: From "Honest Graft" to Conflicts of Interest Supposin' it's a new bridge they're going to build. I get tipped off and I buy as much property as I can that has to be taken for the approaches. I sell at my own price later on and drop some more money in the bank. Wouldn't you? It's just like lookin' ahead in Wall Street or in the coffee or cotton market It's honest graft and I'm lookin' for it every day of the year. George Washington Plunkitt, as quoted in William L. Riordon, Plunkitt ofTammany Hall To understand the evolution of the anticorruption project, it is necessary to begin with some observations about corruption itself. This chapter deals with four basic issues: the subjectivity of the definition of corruption, the increasing gap between expectations of official behavior and actual behav ior, the special politics of scandal and reform, and the difficulty of measur ing corruption. Defining Corruption Corruption is neither a single form of behavior nor an obvious species of conduct. 1 Corruption is the name we apply to some reciprocities by some people in some contexts at some times. The popular use of the term does not require that the conduct labeled corrupt be illegal; it is enough that the la beler thinks it is immoral or unethicaL Since people's views about moral and ethical conduct differ in important respects, corruption is often a contested ~. labeL Indeed, these days public servants are admonished not only to adhere to the skein of laws prohibiting a wide variety of conduct, but to avoid "the appearance of corruption." Such a warning recognizes that the term corrup tion refers to more than just positive law, but fails to recognize that appear ance of corruption is in the eyes of the beholder. -
Rising Sinophobia in Kyrgyzstan: the Role of Political Corruption
RISING SINOPHOBIA IN KYRGYZSTAN: THE ROLE OF POLITICAL CORRUPTION A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY DOĞUKAN BAŞ IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN THE DEPARTMENT OF EURASIAN STUDIES SEPTEMBER 2020 Approval of the thesis: RISING SINOPHOBIA IN KYRGYZSTAN: THE ROLE OF POLITICAL CORRUPTION submitted by DOĞUKAN BAŞ in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Eurasian Studies, the Graduate School of Social Sciences of Middle East Technical University by, Prof. Dr. Yaşar KONDAKÇI Dean Graduate School of Social Sciences Assoc. Prof. Dr. Işık KUŞÇU BONNENFANT Head of Department Eurasian Studies Prof. Dr. Pınar KÖKSAL Supervisor Political Science and Public Administration Examining Committee Members: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Işık KUŞÇU BONNENFANT (Head of the Examining Committee) Middle East Technical University International Relations Prof. Dr. Pınar KÖKSAL (Supervisor) Middle East Technical University Political Science and Public Administration Assist. Prof. Dr. Yuliya BILETSKA Karabük University International Relations I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name : Doğukan Baş Signature : iii ABSTRACT RISING SINOPHOBIA IN KYRGYZSTAN: THE ROLE OF POLITICAL CORRUPTION BAŞ, Doğukan M.Sc., Eurasian Studies Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Pınar KÖKSAL September 2020, 131 pages In recent years, one of the major problems that Kyrgyzstan witnesses is rising Sinophobia among the local people due to problems related with increasing Chinese economic presence in the country. -
Corruption Trends in the Middle East and North Africa Region (2007-2011)
www.transparency.org www.cmi.no Corruption trends in the Middle East and North Africa Region (2007-2011) Query What do anti-corruption indexes and experts say about the levels and types of corruption in MENA countries over the last five years? What are the main areas and sources of corruption? Are there specific themes and issues that are common to a number of countries? What record do governments have in tackling corruption? Are there any examples of successful anti-corruption reforms in countries in the MENA region over the past five years? We are especially interested in country based issues - rather than regional – for Egypt, Morocco, Jordan, Tunisia and Libya. Purpose Summary This Expert Answer is to assist with developing a new anti-corruption strategy in the MENA region. In Revolutions sweeping across the Middle East and particular, the donor is interested in approaches it can North Africa (MENA) region during 2011 have shone take to reduce corruption in Egypt, Morocco, Jordan, light on widespread corruption, particularly political Tunisia and Libya. The aim is to pursue effective anti- corruption in the form of stolen assets by seemingly all corruption strategies in order to contribute to peace and the deposed leaders. There also has been widespread stability in the region. evidence of prolific patronage, nepotism, and collusion between the public and private sectors that has Content contributed to the heightened levels of civil unrest and public protests. 1. Corruption trends in the MENA region (2007 – 2011) The key anti-corruption indexes — namely Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions 2. Country specific themes, issues and anti- Index, the Bertelsmann Foundation’s Transformation corruption reforms Index, Global Integrity’s Report, Freedom House’s 3. -
The Anatomy of Official Corruption
VIII Congreso Internacional del CLAD sobre la Reforma del Estado y de la Administración Pública, Panamá, 28-31 Oct. 2003 The burden on our backs; corruption in Latin America Gerald E. Caiden University of Southern California Corruption has now become a popular subject in international circles. Not that it is new. Far from that, corruption has been with us since the dawn of government. But finally the world has decided that it has become too dysfunctional for global development for it to go unchallenged. Indeed, it has become so menacing that something has to be done about it. But are we taking about the same thing? Despite different words for it, there are common definitions and what is more there seems to be a remarkable degree of agreement in time and place. Ever since written records have survived, the same kinds of objectionable behavior have been identified, irrespective of language, religion, culture, ethnicity, governance, location, philosophy and social values. These have always been considered unworthy of individuals exercising power over others, epitomized in Lord Acton’s dictum that “Power corrupts; absolute power corrupts absolutely.” They have disappointed those over whom they have exercised their power. The Essence of Corruption The starting point in determining what constitutes corrupt practice is with the act itself, that specific form of behavior that is considered wrong and offensive. Those behaving in such a way must know that what they were doing was morally wrong, clearly out of line and unacceptable. They knowingly stole. They perjured themselves. They bribed or accepted bribes or passed on bribes or recorded bribes or disguised bribes. -
Corruption and the Global Economy
10 Corruption as an International Policy Problem: Overview and Recommendations KIMBERLY ANN ELLIOTT In just a few months in early 1997, Mexico fired its top drug-enforcement official for accepting bribes and ultimately closed the agency because it was so ridden with corruption; Ukraines president once again declared war on corruption; Chinese Prime Minister Li Peng lamented that his country was losing ground in its war on corruption; President Kim Young Sam deplored endemic corruption in South Korea; Russian Interior Min- ister Anatoly Kulikov pledged to crack down on corruption and the gray economy; Pakistans voters, disillusioned by perceptions of widespread corruption, stayed away from the polls in droves; and public schools in Washington were alleged to be rife with cronyism and nepotism. Corruption scandals in recent years have also contributed to the downfall of governments in Ecuador, Brazil, Italy, and India. Long-entrenched ruling parties have been weakened, including Japans Liberal Democratic Party and Mexicos Institutional Revolutionary Party. In the United States, two decades after the Watergate scandals prompted new rules regard- ing political contributions and the passage of the Foreign Corrupt Prac- tices Act (FCPA), campaign finance reform has reemerged as a major political issue. The number, variety, and importance of countries experiencing corrup- tion scandals highlight both the complexity of this phenomenon and its prominence as a global issue. When it is pervasive and uncontrolled, corruption thwarts economic development and undermines political le- gitimacy. Less pervasive variants result in wasted resources, increased inequity in resource distribution, less political competition, and greater distrust of government. Creating and exploiting opportunities for bribery 175 Institute for International Economics | http://www.iie.com at high levels of government also increases the cost of government, dis- torts the allocation of government spending, and may dangerously lower the quality of infrastructure. -
Protecting Your Business
BUSINESS LEARNING CURVES 13 POINTS OF REFERENCE THAT YOU CAN PUT TO WORK FOR YOUR ENTERPRISE PROTECTING YOUR BUSINESS SEIB INSURANCE & REINSURANCE COMPANY DEPUTY CEO AND COO ELIAS CHEDID THE RECAP The role of insurance in developing Qatar’s economy- and why it pays for QATAR your SME to have a safety net ENTERPRISE AGILITY AWARDS 2015 CREATING The second annual SUSTAINABLE Qatar Enterprise Agility Awards, Entrepreneur IMPACT of the Year QATARI SMES AWARDED CONTRACTS BY QDB AND QATAR SHELL AMRO AHMED TALKS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 9 772312 595000 > DECEMBER 2015 | WWW.ENTREPRENEUR.COM/ME | QAR15 DECEMBER 2015 CONTENTS 16 Amro Ahmed, Qatar Local Content and SME Manager, Qatar Shell 16 14 22 54 INNOVAtor: ProtECTING YOUR THE RECAP SKILLSET THE VALUE OF BUSINEss ENTERPRISE AGILITY Innovation happens ProDUCTION IN CREATING Seib Insurance & Reinsurance ACHIEVERS 2015 outside of the classroom SUstAINABLE IMPACT Company Deputy CEO and The second annual Qatar Three things entrepreneurs Qatari SMEs awarded COO Elias Chedid Enterprise Agility Awards, can teach MBAs, and contracts by QDB and Qatar The role of insurance in Entrepreneur of the Year guess what? It all involves Shell developing Qatar’s economy- staged in association with hands-on experience in the Amro Ahmed talks economic and why it pays for your SME Doha Bank market. development to have a safety net 72 38 ‘TREPONOMICS: SKILLSET PRO Promoting SMEs as key The Diderot effect drivers of innovation and Olympian and entrepreneur engines for global trade James Clear talks about the and growth vicious cycle that ensues Marc Proksch analyzes when you spend a bit, then some external and internal spend a bit more, and then factors to consider for your spend even more. -
Greece, Capitalist Interests, and the Specular Purity of the State
Discussion Paper No. 8 Corrupt Compared to What? Greece, Capitalist Interests, and the Specular Purity of the State Peter Bratsis August 2003 The Hellenic Observatory The European Institute London School of Economics and Political Science Acknowledgements This paper was made possible by a research fellowship from the Hellenic Observatory of the European Institute. It is based on a talk given at the London School of Economics on October 22, 2002. Many of the ideas and arguments presented here were developed during discussions with Constantine Tsoukalas, without his input and encouragement this paper would not have been possible. Stanley Aronowitz, John Bowman, Andreas Karras, Lenny Markovitz, Randy Martin, Eleni Natsiopoulou, Frances Fox Piven and Yannis Stavrakakis have read earlier versions of key sections of the current paper and have provided important comments and suggestions. Kevin Featherstone and Dimitris Papadimitriou have been kind enough to read the paper and provide useful criticisms and suggestions. I hope that the arguments contained here are clear and provocative enough to engender discussion. Table of Contents Introduction: Political Corruption and Greece Part I: Legitimation What is Political Corruption? Why Corruption? Rules of Separation: From Leviticus to Washington D.C. The Australian Case: Fetishism Revealed Part II: Accumulation The Opacity of Transparency Instrumental Reason and the Relative Autonomy of the State The Globalization of the Capitalist State Conclusion: Future Directions for Research on Corruption and Greece Works Cited 3 Introduction: Political Corruption and Greece Political corruption is under attack. Technocrats, mainstream academics, and media pundits qua ‘experts’ have increasingly set their sights upon the blight of corruption. -
Youth Activism in Tunisia, Egypt, and Jordan As Case Studies
Structure of Mobilization and Democratization: Youth Activism in Tunisia, Egypt, and Jordan as Case Studies by Mohammad Yaghi A Thesis presented to The University of Guelph In partial fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science Guelph, Ontario, Canada © Mohammad Yaghi, April, 2015 ABSTRACT STRUCTURE OF MOBILIZATION AND DEMOCRATIZATION: YOUTH ACTIVISM IN TUNISIA, EGYPT, AND JORDAN AS CASE STUDIES Mohammad Yaghi Advisors: Professor Janine A. Clark University of Guelph, 2015 Professor Jordi Diez Professor Francesco Cavatorta This dissertation argues for a correlation between the dynamics of the protests at their climax and the processes of democratization in case these protests succeed. Using youth activism in Tunisia and Egypt where the protests succeeded, and in Jordan where they failed as a contrasting case study, this research shows that youth activism leads to democratization if three conditions are met at the protests’ apex: domination of autonomous youth movements, an inclusive master frame (MF), and a decentralized leadership. In doing so, the research provides an atypical narrative about the role of activists during the protests in Tunisia, Egypt, and Jordan. The primary sources that informed this research are not only based on the activists themselves, but also on the analysis of the protests videos, slogans, and documents of the youth movements. Furthermore, the research contributes to the literature on social movements in four domains. First, it reveals that the state’s use of repression and the way it uses it is a necessary condition, but is insufficient to turn a reform protest cycle into a revolution; the other necessary condition is that an autonomous opposition also must be dominant when the state uses repression. -
Lebanese American University
Lebanese American University The Power of Silence: Impunity and Accountability in Lebanon By Michelle Bouchebel Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in International Affairs School of Arts and Sciences May 2014 © 2014 Michelle Bouchebel All Rights Reserved ii iii iv To my beloved father, mother and brothers v AKNOWLEDGMENTS This research would not have been possible without the help and assistance of many people. First, I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor Dr. Walid Moubarak who devotedly guided me throughout the whole process of producing this thesis. I am also very grateful to Dr. Marwan Rowayheb and Dr. Makram Ouaiss for being members of my thesis committee. Thanks also goes to the Lebanese American University for all the support this institution offered me throughout my graduate studies, Finally, special thanks go to Martti Antola, Christalla Yakinthou, my family and my friends who were always there for me throughout this process and offered motivation and support. vi The Power of Silence: Impunity and Accountability in Lebanon Michelle M. Bouchebel ABSTRACT The Power of Silence: Impunity and Accountability in Lebanon by Michelle Bouchebel explores the extent to which transitional justice mechanisms could help to strengthen accountability and the rule of law in Lebanon and suggests several options for the kinds of transitional justice mechanisms that could be explored, taking into account the current political context of the country. The study draws on, and seeks to contribute to, literature on transitional justice as well as literature on the Lebanese civil war and its aftermath. -
Here a Causal Relationship? Contemporary Economics, 9(1), 45–60
Bibliography on Corruption and Anticorruption Professor Matthew C. Stephenson Harvard Law School http://www.law.harvard.edu/faculty/mstephenson/ March 2021 Aaken, A., & Voigt, S. (2011). Do individual disclosure rules for parliamentarians improve government effectiveness? Economics of Governance, 12(4), 301–324. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-011-0100-8 Aaronson, S. A. (2011a). Does the WTO Help Member States Clean Up? Available at SSRN 1922190. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1922190 Aaronson, S. A. (2011b). Limited partnership: Business, government, civil society, and the public in the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI). Public Administration and Development, 31(1), 50–63. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.588 Aaronson, S. A., & Abouharb, M. R. (2014). Corruption, Conflicts of Interest and the WTO. In J.-B. Auby, E. Breen, & T. Perroud (Eds.), Corruption and conflicts of interest: A comparative law approach (pp. 183–197). Edward Elgar PubLtd. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.GEN_batch:ELGAR01620140507 Abbas Drebee, H., & Azam Abdul-Razak, N. (2020). The Impact of Corruption on Agriculture Sector in Iraq: Econometrics Approach. IOP Conference Series. Earth and Environmental Science, 553(1), 12019-. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/553/1/012019 Abbink, K., Dasgupta, U., Gangadharan, L., & Jain, T. (2014). Letting the briber go free: An experiment on mitigating harassment bribes. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ECONOMICS, 111(Journal Article), 17–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2013.12.012 Abbink, Klaus. (2004). Staff rotation as an anti-corruption policy: An experimental study. European Journal of Political Economy, 20(4), 887–906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2003.10.008 Abbink, Klaus. -
Deterring Corruption and Improving Governance in the URBAN Water Supply & Sanitation Sector
46829 WaterWater Working WorkingNotes Notes Public Disclosure Authorized Note No. 18, December 2008 Public Disclosure Authorized DETERRING CORRUPTION AND IMPROVING GOVERNANCE IN THE URBAN WATER SUPPLY & SANITATION SECTOR A SOURCEBOOK Jonathan Halpern, Charles Kenny, Eric Dickson, David Ehrhardt, and Chloe Oliver Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Water Working Notes are published by the Water Sector Board of the Sustainable Development Network of the World Bank Group. Working Notes are available on-line: www.worldbank.org/ water. Working Notes are lightly edited documents intended to elicit discussion on topical issues in the water sector. They disseminate results of conceptual work by World Bank staff to peer professionals in the sector at an early stage, i.e. “works in progress”. Comments should be emailed to the authors. Acknowledgements This Sourcebook was prepared as part of a broader program of work addressing governance and corruption in infrastructure of the Energy, Transport, and Water Department and Finance, Econom- ics and Urban Department of the World Bank. The sourcebook and a companion dissemination note were prepared by a Bank team comprised of Jonathan Halpern, Charles Kenny and Eric Dickson, sup- ported by Castalia (David Ehrhardt, Alex Sundakov, Seini O’Connor, and Chloë Oliver) with guidance provided by an advisory group comprised of sector and governance specialists across the regional and central units of the World Bank. A number of Bank staff provided valuable contributions at vari- ous stages including Anders Hjorth Agerskov, Alexander Bakalian, Ivor Beazley, Philippe Benoit, Steven Charles Burgess, Ed Campos, Robert Chase, Fook Chuan Eng, Marianne Fay, Meike van Ginneken, Mohinder Gulati, Erica Jorgensen, Brian Levy, Alain Locussol, and Jon Walters. -
Emerging Faces: Lawyers in Myanmar (2014)
________________________________________________________________ ILAC / CEELI Institute Report: ________________________________________________________________ Emerging Faces: Lawyers in Myanmar As they emerge from decades of repression in Myanmar, lawyers are moving into the spotlight in the evolving new system. Today’s lawyers will be expected to be the guardians of personal liberty, land tenure, human rights, and freedom of expression in their country for the next several decades. ________________________________________________________________ ILAC / CEELI Institute Report: ________________________________________________________________ Emerging Faces: Report after report on the situation in Myanmar calls for the in- creased enforcement of human rights, protection of minorities, Lawyers in Myanmar cessation of “land grabs,” and safeguards for free speech. Typi- cally, such observers assume that if sufficient political changes As they emerge from decades of repression in Myanmar, lawyers are moving into the spotlight in the evolving are enacted, Burmese lawyers – like their counterparts in otherCHINA countries – will act as skilled advocates promoting and protect- new system. Today’s lawyers will be expected to be the ing the rights of the citizenry. guardians of personal liberty, land tenure, human rights, and freedom of expression in their country for the next But who are these lawyers? Are current Burmese lawyers ready several decades. MANDALAY to operate in a modern legal system based on the rule of law?KENGTUNG BAGAN TAUNGGYI MHAUKU HEHO Beginning in August 2013, the CEELI Institute and the Burma Center Prague, working in cooperation with the International TAUNGO Legal Assistance Consortium (ILAC)PYAY provided skills-based train- ing for roughly 200 Burmese lawyers through the Upper and Lower Myanmar Lawyers Networks.YANGON These trainingsBAGO focused on (RANGOON) “street lawyers” involved in the day-to-day represen-THA tation TON of ordinary Burmese citizens.