Here a Causal Relationship? Contemporary Economics, 9(1), 45–60

Home , Corruption in Belgium, Corruption in Bolivia, Corruption in Cambodia, Corruption in Chile, Corruption in France, Corruption in Georgia

Bibliography on Corruption and Anticorruption Professor Matthew C. Stephenson Harvard Law School http://www.law.harvard.edu/faculty/mstephenson/ March 2021

Aaken, A., & Voigt, S. (2011). Do individual disclosure rules for parliamentarians improve government effectiveness? Economics of Governance, 12(4), 301–324. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-011-0100-8 Aaronson, S. A. (2011a). Does the WTO Help Member States Clean Up? Available at SSRN 1922190. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1922190 Aaronson, S. A. (2011b). Limited partnership: Business, government, civil society, and the public in the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI). Public Administration and Development, 31(1), 50–63. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.588 Aaronson, S. A., & Abouharb, M. R. (2014). Corruption, Conflicts of Interest and the WTO. In J.-B. Auby, E. Breen, & T. Perroud (Eds.), Corruption and conflicts of interest: A comparative law approach (pp. 183–197). Edward Elgar PubLtd. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.GEN_batch:ELGAR01620140507 Abbas Drebee, H., & Azam Abdul-Razak, N. (2020). The Impact of Corruption on Agriculture Sector in Iraq: Econometrics Approach. IOP Conference Series. Earth and Environmental Science, 553(1), 12019-. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/553/1/012019 Abbink, K., Dasgupta, U., Gangadharan, L., & Jain, T. (2014). Letting the briber go free: An experiment on mitigating harassment bribes. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ECONOMICS, 111(Journal Article), 17–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2013.12.012 Abbink, Klaus. (2004). Staff rotation as an anti-corruption policy: An experimental study. European Journal of Political Economy, 20(4), 887–906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2003.10.008 Abbink, Klaus. (2005). Fair Salaries and the Moral Costs of Corruption. In Kokinov & Boicho (Eds.), Advances in Cognitive Economics. Sofia: NBU Press. https://winster.nottingham.ac.uk/cedex/documents/papers/2002-05.pdf Abbink, Klaus. (2006). Laboratory Experiments on Corruption. In S. Rose-Ackerman (Ed.), International handbook on the economics of corruption (pp. 418–440). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=P60nmWlJWEoC&oi=fnd&pg=PR5&d q=Laboratory+Experiments+on+Corruption,%E2%80%9D+in+Susan+Rose-Ackerman+ ed.+International+Handbook+on+the+Economics+of+Corruption+(Edward+Elgar&ots=j

9agtH21zb&sig=2ojEcFGAw5WeEuD5KDd_f7alhb4 Abbink, Klaus, & Ellman, M. (2010). The Donor Problem: An Experimental Analysis of Beneficiary Empowerment. Journal of Development Studies, 46(8), 1327–1344. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380903428407 Abbink, Klaus, Freidin, E., Gangadharan, L., & Moro, R. (2018). The Effect of Social Norms on Bribe Offers. Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization, 34(3), 457–474. Abbink, Klaus, Irlenbusch, B., & Renner, E. (2002). An Experimental Bribery Game. Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 18(2), 428–454. https://doi.org/10.1093/jleo/18.2.428 Abbink, Klaus, & Serra, D. (2012). Anticorruption policies: Lessons from the lab. In New advances in experimental research on corruption (Vol. 15, pp. 77–115). https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=N48c72KXsD4C&oi=fnd&pg=PA77&d q=Abbink,+Klaus+%26+Danila+Serra.+2012.+%E2%80%9CAnticorruption+Policies:+ Lessons+from+the+Lab,%E2%80%9D+in+Danila+Serra+%26+Leonard+Wantchekon,+ eds.,+New+Advances+in+Experimental+Research+on+Corruption+&ots=uycq5h5aMR &sig=vUixS6mxw6Zc-7lPoVpnBt-ZQB8 Abbott, K. W. (2001). Rule-making in the WTO: Lessons from the case of bribery and corruption. Journal of International Economic Law, 4(2), 275–296. https://doi.org/10.1093/jiel/4.2.275 Abbott, Kenneth W. (2009). Fight Against Corruption. In Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Law. Abbott, Kenneth W., & Snidal, D. (2002). International action on bribery and corruption: Why the dog didn’t bark in the WTO. In D. M. Kennedy & J. D. Southwick (Eds.), The political economy of international trade law. Abbott, K. w, & Snidal, D. (2002). Values and Interests: International Legalization in the Fight against Corruption. The Journal of Legal Studies, 31(S1), S141–S177. https://doi.org/10.1086/342006 Abdalla, H. F., Maghrabi, A. S., & Raggad, B. G. (1998). Assessing the perceptions of human resource managers toward nepotism A cross-cultural study. International Journal of Manpower, 19(8), 554–570. Abdallah, S., Sayed, R., Rahwan, I., Leveck, B. L., Cebrian, M., Rutherford, A., & Fowler, J. H. (2014). Corruption drives the emergence of civil society. Journal of the Royal Society, Interface / the Royal Society, 11(93), 20131044. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2013.1044 Abdixhiku, L., Krasniqi, B., Pugh, G., & Hashi, I. (2017). Firm-level determinants of tax evasion

in transition economies. Economic Systems, 41(3), 354–366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecosys.2016.12.004 Abdul‐Gafaru Abdulai. (2009). Political will in combating corruption in developing and transition economies: A comparative study of Singapore, Hong Kong and Ghana. Journal of Financial Crime, 16(4), 387–417. https://doi.org/10.1108/13590790910993753 Abé Ndjié, A., Atangana Ondoa, H., & Ngoa Tabi, H. (2019). Governance and youth unemployment in Africa. Labor History, 60(6), 869–882. https://doi.org/10.1080/0023656X.2019.1645320 Abed, G. T., & Gupta, S. (2002). Governance, Corruption, and Economic Performance. International Monetary Fund. Abidin, I. S. Z., Jantan, M. D., Satar, N. M., & Haseeb, M. (2014). Trade Linkages between Malaysia and the OIC Member Countries: Empirical Evidence Based on Gravity Model. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 11(11), 1938–1944. Abiona, I. A., & Savage, O. (2014). Influence of Independent Corrupt Practices and other Related Offences Commission on Female Civil Servants in Oyo State, Nigeria. Public Policy and Administration Research, 4(12), 36–43. Abrams, N. (2010). Federal criminal law and its enforcement (5th ed.). West. Abrams, N. (2011). The Distance Imperative: A Different Way of Thinking About Public Official Corruption Investigations/Prosecutions and the Federal Role. Loyola University Chicago Law Journal, 42, 207–741. Abrate, G., Erbetta, F., Fraquelli, G., & Vannoni, D. (2015). The cost of corruption in the Italian solid waste industry. Industrial and Corporate Change, 24(2), 439. Abreu, W. M., & Gomes, R. C. (n.d.). Shackling the Leviathan: Balancing state and society powers against corruption. Public Management Review, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2021.1893802 Abtidon, A. H. (2015). The Impact of Financial Accountability on Reducing Corruption in Mogadishu Somalia. Academic Research International, 6(2), 128–137. Abu, N., Karim, M., & Aziz, M. (2015a). Corruption, Political Instability and Economic Development in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS): Is There a Causal Relationship? Contemporary Economics, 9(1), 45–60. https://doi.org/10.5709/ce.1897-9254.159 Abu, N., Karim, M., & Aziz, M. (2015b). Low Savings Rates in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS): The Role of Corruption. Journal of Economic Cooperation & Development, 36(2), 3. 3

Abu-Shanab, E. A., Harb, Y. A., & Al-Zoubi, S. Y. (2013). E-government as an anti-corruption tool: Citizens perceptions. Int. J. of Electronic Governance, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEG.2013.058410 Acar, M., & Emek, U. (2009). Preventing Corruption in Turkey: Issues, Instruments and Institutions. In Preventing Corruption in Asia: Institutional Design and Policy Capacity (pp. 164–188). Routledge. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1992167 Acconcia, A. (2011). Tax evasion and corruption: Endogenous deterrence and the perverse effects of fines. Studi Economici : Rivista Quadrimestrale, 65(2), 31–53. Acconcia, A., D’Amato, M., Martina, R., & others. (2003). Corruption and tax evasion with competitive bribes (CSEF Working Paper No. 112). http://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/6664825.pdf Acconcia, A., Immordino, G., Piccolo, S., Rey, P., & others. (2009). Accomplice-witnesses, organized crime and corruption: Theory and evidence from italy. Centre for Studies in Economics and Finance (CSEF), University of Naples, Italy. https://ideas.repec.org/p/sef/csefwp/232.html Acemoglu, D. (1995). Reward structures and the allocation of talent. European Economic Review, 39(1), 17–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-2921(94)00014-Q Acemoglu, D., Robinson, J. A., & Verdier, T. (2004). Kleptocracy and Divide-and-Rule: A Model of Personal Rule. Journal of the European Economic Association, 2(2/3), 162–192. https://doi.org/10.1162/154247604323067916 Acemoglu, D., & Verdier, T. (1998). Property Rights, Corruption and the Allocation of Talent: A General Equilibrium Approach. The Economic Journal, 108(450), 1381–1403. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0297.00347 Acemoglu, D., & Verdier, T. (2000). The Choice Between Market Failures and Corruption. American Economic Review, 90(1), 194–211. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.90.1.194 Acharya, A., Roemer, J. E., & Somanathan, R. (2015). Caste, corruption and political competition in India. Research in Economics, Journal Article. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rie.2015.02.001 Achim, M. V., Văidean, V. L., & Borlea, S. N. (2019). Corruption and health outcomes within an economic and cultural framework. The European Journal of Health Economics : HEPAC : Health Economics in Prevention and Care. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10198-019-01120-8 Acht, M., Mahmoud, T. O., & Thiele, R. (2015). Corrupt governments do not receive more state-to-state aid: Governance and the delivery of foreign aid through non-state actors.

Journal of Development Economics, 114(0), 20–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2014.11.005 Achua, J. K. (2011). Anti-Corruption in Public Procurement in Nigeria: Challenges and Competency Strategies. Journal of Public Procurement, 11(3), 323–353. Achury, C., Koulovatianos, C., & Tsoukalas, J. D. (2015). Political Economics of External Sovereign Defaults (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2631418). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2631418 Adam, A., Delis, M. D., & Kammas, P. (2014). Fiscal decentralization and public sector efficiency: Evidence from OECD countries. ECONOMICS OF GOVERNANCE, 15(1), 17–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-013-0131-4 Adams, E. B. (2019). Police legitimacy in Trinidad and Tobago: Resident perceptions in a high-crime community. Journal of Crime and Justice, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648X.2019.1582350 Addesa, F., & Mendola, C. (2019). Entrepreneurial Self-Identity, Perceived Corruption, Exogenous and Endogenous Obstacles as Antecedents of Entrepreneurial Intention in Italy. Social Sciences, 8(2), 54. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci8020054 Addo, A. (n.d.). Controlling petty corruption in public administrations of developing countries through digitalization: An opportunity theory informed study of Ghana customs. The Information Society, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/01972243.2020.1870182 Adebanwi, W., & Obadare, E. (2011). When Corruption Fights Back: Democracy and Elite Interest in Nigeria’s Anti-Corruption War. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 49(2), 185–213. Adebayo, D. O. (2005). Gender and attitudes toward professional ethics. African Security Review, 14(2), 93–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2005.9627359 Ades, A., & Di Tella, R. (1997). National Champions and Corruption: Some Unpleasant Interventionist Arithmetic. The Economic Journal, 107(443), 1023–1042. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.1997.tb00005.x Ades, A., & Di Tella, R. (1999). Rents, Competition, and Corruption. American Economic Review, 89(4), 982–993. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.89.4.982 Adeyeye, A. (2012). Corporate social responsibility of multinational corporations in developing countries: Perspectives on anti-corruption. Cambridge University Press. Adisa, W., Alabi, T., & Adejoh, S. (2018). Corruption on the Road: A Test of Commercial Drivers’ Encounters with Police Extortion in Lagos Metropolis. Journal of Police and 5

Criminal Psychology, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-018-9289-6 Adsera, A. (2003). Are You Being Served? Political Accountability and Quality of Government. Journal of Law Economics & Organization, 19(2), 445. Adut, A. (n.d.). Scandal as norm entrepreneurship strategy: Corruption and the French investigating magistrates. Theory and Society, 33(5), 529–578. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:RYSO.0000045718.42431.7d Afonso, A., Schuknecht, L., & Tanzi, V. (n.d.). Public sector efficiency: An international comparison. Public Choice, 123(3–4), 321–347. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-005-7165-2 Afridi, F. (2008). Can Community Monitoring Improve the Accountability of Public Officials? Economic and Political Weekly, 43(42), 35–40. Agbalajobi, D. T. (2009). Gender and Corruption: Insights from Nigeria Democracy (1999 – 2008). African Research Review, 3(4). https://doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.v3i4.47543 Agbiboa, D. (2011). Leaders or leeches? Corruption and the cycle of dysfunction in Nigeria. Loyola Journal of Social Sciences, 25(1), 83–102. Agbiboa, D. (2013). One step forward, two steps back: The political culture of corruption and cleanups in Nigeria. CEU Political Science Journal, 8(3), 273. Agbiboa, D. (2014). Under-development in practice: Nigeria and the enduring problem of corruption. Development in Practice, 24(3), 390–404. https://doi.org/10.1080/09614524.2014.899559 Agbiboa, Daniel Egiegba. (2013). Corruption and economic crime in Nigeria. African Security Review, 22(1), 47–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2012.736869 Agbiboa, Daniel E. (2015). “Policing Is Not Work: It Is Stealing by Force”: Corrupt Policing and Related Abuses in Everyday Nigeria. Africa Today, 62(2), 95. Agbiboa, Daniel Egiegba. (2010). The Corruption-Underdevelopment Nexus in Africa: Which Way Nigeria?! The Journal of Social, Political, and Economic Studies, 35(4), 474–509. Agbiboa, Daniel Egiegba. (2011). Between Corruption and Development: The Political Economy of State Robbery in Nigeria. Journal of Business Ethics, 108(3), 325–345. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-1093-5 Agbiboa, Daniel Egiegba. (2012). Serving the Few, Starving the Many: How Corruption Underdevelops Nigeria and How There Is an Alternative Perspective to Corruption Cleanups. Africa Today, 58(4), 111–132. https://doi.org/10.2979/africatoday.58.4.111 Agbiboa, Daniel Egiegba. (2015). Protectors or Predators? The Embedded Problem of Police 6

Corruption and Deviance in Nigeria. Administration & Society, 47(3), 244. Agbo, A. A., & Iwundu, E. I. (2016). Corruption as a Propensity: Personality and Motivational Determinants Among Nigerians. The Journal of Psychology, 150(4), 502–526. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2015.1107523 Agbota, T. K., Sandaker, I., & Ree, G. (2016). Verbal operants of corruption: A study of avoidance in corruption behavior. Journal Article. https://doi.org/10.5210/bsi.v.24i0.5864 Agerberg, M. (2014). Perspectives on Gender and Corruption. QoG Working Paper Series, 2014(14), 14. Agerberg, M. (2017). Failed expectations: Quality of government and support for populist parties in Europe. European Journal of Political Research, 56(3), 578–600. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12203 Agerberg, M. (2018). The Curse of Knowledge? Education, Corruption, and Politics. Political Behavior, 1–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-018-9455-7 Aghion, P., Akcigit, U., Cagé, J., & Kerr, W. (2016). Taxation, corruption, and growth. European Economic Review, 86(Journal Article), 24. Aguilera, R. V., & Vadera, A. K. (2007). The Dark Side of Authority: Antecedents, Mechanisms, and Outcomes of Organizational Corruption. Journal of Business Ethics, 77(4), 431–449. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9358-8 Agur, C. (2015). Second-order networks, gambling, and corruption on Indian mobile phone networks. Media, Culture & Society, 37(5), 768. Agyei-Mensah, B. K. (2017). Does the corruption perception level of a country affect listed firms’ IFRS 7 risk disclosure compliance? Corporate Governance, 17(4), 727–747. Agyemang, O. S., Fantini, G., & Frimpong, J. (2015). Does country-level governance enhance ethical behaviour of firms? An African perspective. International Journal of Law and Management, 57(6), 582–599. Ahamd, N., & Brookins, O. T. (2004). On Corruption and Countervailing Actions in Three South Asian Nations. Journal of Policy Reform, 7(1), 21–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/1384128042000219708 Ahlin, C. (2005). Effects and (in) tractability of decentralized corruption. http://msu.edu/~ahlinc/research/corruptnew.pdf Ahlin, C., & Bose, P. (2007). Bribery, inefficiency, and bureaucratic delay. Journal of Development Economics, 84(1), 465–486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2005.12.002

Ahlin, C., & Pang, J. (2008). Are financial development and corruption control substitutes in promoting growth? Journal of Development Economics, 86(2), 414–433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2007.07.002 Ahmad Khai, A. H., Haniffa, R., Hudaib, M., & Karim, M. N. A. (2015). Neopatrimonialism, crony capitalists and the production of corruption in Malaysia. Accounting Forum, Journal Article. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accfor.2015.06.001 Ahmad, N., & Arjumand, S. (2016). Impact of corruption on GDP per capita through international migration: An empirical investigation. Quality & Quantity; Qual.Quant., 50(4), 1633–1643. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-015-0224-y Ahmad, Naved. (2002). Corruption and Government Regulations: An Empirical Analysis. The Bangladesh Development Studies, 28(4), 29–51. Ahmad, Naved, & Aziz, D. (2001). Corruption Perception Indices: A Comparative Analysis. The Pakistan Development Review, 40(4), 813–830. Ahmad, Naved, & Brookins, O. T. (2007). The Impact of Corruption on Efficiency in Developing Economies. International Journal of Economic Perspectives, 1(2), 64–73. Ahmadi, C. N. (2012). Regulating the regulators: A solution to Foreign Corrupt Practices Act woes. Journal of International Business & Law, 11(2), 351–378. Ahmed, A., Lodhi, S. A., & Ahmad, M. (2015). Using Split-Questionnaire Design: An Empirical Analysis. Pakistan Journal of Statistics, 31(2), 211–218. Ahmed, R., & Ahmed, Q. M. (2012). Petty corruption in the Police Department, a case study of slum areas of Karachi. Developing Country Studies, 2(6), 78. Ahmed, S. P., & Ullah, G. M. (2014). Global Corruption Hoax: Politicization of the Concept of Corruption and the Issues of Corruption Measurement Indices. Samiul Parvez Ahmed, GM Wali Ullah. Global Corruption Hoax: Politicization of the Concept of Corruption and the Issues of Corruption Measurement Indices. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 5(7). http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2433869 Ahrend, R. (2002). Press freedom, human capital and corruption (DELTA Working Paper 11). http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=620102 Aidt, T. (2016). Rent seeking and the economics of corruption. Constitutional Political Economy, 27(2), 142–157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10602-016-9215-9 Aidt, T., Dutta, J., & Sena, V. (2008). Governance regimes, corruption and growth: Theory and evidence. Journal of Comparative Economics, 36(2), 195–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2007.11.004 8

Aidt, T. S. (2003). Economic analysis of corruption: A survey. The Economic Journal, 113(491), F632–F652. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0013-0133.2003.00171.x Aidt, T. S. (2009). Corruption, institutions, and economic development. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 25(2), 271–291. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/grp012 Aidt, T. S. (2011a). Corruption and sustainable development. In S. Rose-Ackerman & T. Soreide (Eds.), International handbook on the economics of corruption (Vol. 2, pp. 3–51). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=QbZEbihNOfUC&oi=fnd&pg=PA3&dq =Aidt,+Toke+S.+2011.+%E2%80%9CCorruption+and+Sustainable+Development%E2 %80%9D,+in+Susan+Rose-Ackerman+%26+Tina+Soreide+eds.,+The+International+Ha ndbook+on+the+Economics+of+Corruption,+Vol.+2+(Edward+Elgar+Publishing),+pp.+ 3-51.&ots=dGHqANiCZ-&sig=-WQo6fOiwUtVBdmE7dFO44AVipU Aidt, T. S. (2011b). The Causes of Corruption. DICE Report, 9(2), 15–19. Aidt, T. S., & Dutta, J. (2008). Policy Compromises: Corruption and Regulation in a Democracy. Economics & Politics, 20(3), 335–360. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0343.2008.00332.x Aidt, T. S., & Gassebner, M. (2010). Do autocratic states trade less? The World Bank Economic Review, lhp022. Aizenman, J., & Spiegel, M. M. (2006). Institutional Efficiency, Monitoring Costs and the Investment Share of FDI. Review of International Economics, 14(4), 683–697. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9396.2006.00595.x Ajayi, K. (1997). On The Trail of a Spectre - Destabilisation of Developing and Transitional Economies: A Case Study of Corruption in Nigeria. 15, 545–621. Ajaz, T., & Ahmad, E. (2010). The Effect of Corruption and Governance on Tax Revenues. The Pakistan Development Review, 49(4), 405–417. Ajilore, O. T. (2007). Does corruption matter for Nigeria long run growth: Evidence from conintegration analyses and causality tests? The International Journal of Business and Finance Research : IJBFR, 1(2), 69–79. Akai, N., Horiuchi, Y., & Sakata, M. (2005). Short-run and long-run effects of corruption on economic growth: Evidence from state-level cross-section data for the United States. https://digitalcollections.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/43028 Akanle, O., & Adesina, J. O. (2015). Corruption and the Nigerian Development Quagmire. Journal of Developing Societies (Sage Publications Inc.), 31(4), 421–446. https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X15590323 Akarca, A. T., & Tansel, A. (2016). Voter reaction to government incompetence and corruption 9

related to the 1999 earthquakes in Turkey. Journal of Economic Studies, 43(2), 309–335. Akbar, Y., & Vujic, V. (2014). Explaining corruption The role of national culture and its implications for international management. Cross Cultural Management-An International Journal, 21(2), 191–218. https://doi.org/10.1108/CCM-03-2013-0050 Akça, H., im, Y, A., Ata, lmaz, Karaca, C., & kun. (2012). Inflation and Corruption Relationship: Evidence from Panel Data in Developed and Developing Countries. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 2(3), n/a. Akçay, S. (2006). Corruption and human development. The Cato Journal : An Interdisciplinary Journal of Public Policy Analysis, 26(1), 29–48. Akerlof, R. (2016). Anger and enforcement. Journal Of Economic Behavior & Organization; J.Econ.Behav.Organ., 126(Journal Article), 110–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2015.10.022 Åkerström, M., Wästerfors, D., & Jacobsson, K. (2016). Struggling for One’s Name: Defense Narratives by those Accused of Small-Time Corruption. Sociological Focus, 49(2), 148–162. Akhter, S. H. (2004). Is globalization what it’s cracked up to be? Economic freedom, corruption, and human development. Journal of World Business, 39(3), 283–295. Akinboade, O. A. (2014). Regulation, SMEs’ growth and performance in Cameroon’s central and littoral provinces’ manufacturing and retail sectors. African Development Review, 26(4), 597–609. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8268.12116 Akitoby, B., & Stratmann, T. (2010). The value of institutions for financial markets: Evidence from emerging markets. Review of World Economics / Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 146(4), 781–797. Aklin, Michael, Bayer, P., Harish, S. P., & Urpelainen, J. (2015). Quantifying slum electrification in India and explaining local variation. Energy, 80(Journal Article), 203–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2014.11.063 Aklin, Michaël, Bayer, P., Harish, S., & Urpelainen, J. (2014). Who blames corruption for the poor enforcement of environmental laws? Survey evidence from Brazil. Environmental Economics & Policy Studies, 16(3), 241–262. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10018-014-0076-z Akrout, Z., Bachouch, H., & Moualdi, S. (2021). Co-integration between Corruption and Economic Growth through Investment Channels: Empirical Evidence using the ARDL Bound Testing Approach for the Tunisian Case. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 11(1), 26–33. Aladwani, A. (2016). Corruption as a source of e-Government projects failure in developing 10

countries: A theoretical exposition. International Journal of Information Management; Int.J.Inf.Manage., 36(1), 105–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2015.10.005 Ala’i, P. (2000). The legacy of geographical morality and colonialism: A historical assessment of the current crusade against corruption. Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 33(4), 877. Ala’i, P. (2008). The WTO and the Anti-Corruption Movement. 6, 259–421. Ala’i, P. (2014). Civil Consequences of Corruption in International Commercial Contracts. American Journal of Comparative Law, 62(Journal Article). http://ssrn.com/abstract=2494294; http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2494294 Alam, M. s. (1990). Some Economic Costs of Corruption in LDCs. Journal of Development Studies, 27(1), 89. Alam, M. S. (1995). A Theory of Limits on Corruption and some Applications. Kyklos, 48(3), 419–435. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.1995.tb02323.x Alam, M. Shahid. (1989). Anatomy of Corruption: An Approach to the Political Economy of Underdevelopment. American Journal of Economics & Sociology, 48(4), 441. Alatas, V., Banerjee, A., Hanna, R., Olken, B. A., Purnamasari, R., & Wai-Poi, M. (2013). Does Elite Capture Matter? Local Elites and Targeted Welfare Programs in Indonesia. http://scholar.harvard.edu/files/remahanna/files/6_elite_capture.pdf Alatas, V., Cameron, L., Chaudhuri, A., Erkal, N., & Gangadharan, L. (2008). Subject pool effects in a corruption experiment: A comparison of Indonesian public servants and Indonesian students. Experimental Economics, 12(1), 113–132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10683-008-9207-3 Alatas, V., Cameron, L., Chaudhuri, A., Erkal, N., & Gangadharan, L. (2009). Gender, Culture, and Corruption: Insights from an Experimental Analysis. Southern Economic Journal, 75(3), 663–680. Albulescu, C. T., Tămăşilă, M., & Tăucean, I. M. (2016). Entrepreneurship, Tax Evasion and Corruption in Europe. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 221(Journal Article), 246–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.05.112 Aldashev, G. (2015). Voter Turnout and Political Rents. Journal Of Public Economic Theory; J.Public.Econ.Theory., 17(4), 528–552. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpet.12141 Aldaz, M., Alvarez, I., & Calvo, J. A. (2015). Non-financial reports, anti-corruption performance and corporate reputation. Revista Brasileira de Gestao de Negocios (Brazilian Journal of Business Management), 17(58), 1321. https://doi.org/10.7819/rbgn.v17i58.2687

Alderman, R. (2014). B20 Task Force on Improving Transparency and Anti-Corruption: Development of a Preliminary Study on Possible Regulatory Developments to Enhance the Private Sector Role in the Fight Against Corruption in a Global Business Context. http://www.aodv231.it/images/image/Allegato%201%20-Preliminary_Study_v_2%201.p df Aldrighi, D. M. (2011). Risks of Wrongdoing in Public Companies and Ways to Cope with Them: The Case of Brazil. In International Handbook on the Economics of Corruption (Vol. 2). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=QbZEbihNOfUC&oi=fnd&pg=PA231& dq=Aldrighi,+Dante+Mendes.+2011.+%E2%80%9CRisks+of+Wrongdoing+in+Public+ Companies+and+Ways+to+Cope+with+Them:+The+Case+of+Brazil%E2%80%9D,+in+ International+Handbook+on+the+Economics+of+Corruption&ots=dGHqBJmG1V&sig= Qbfs7Ma00WvqduRX9hbBqZDYjtA Aleksynska, M., & Havrylchyk, O. (2013). FDI from the south: The role of institutional distance and natural resources. European Journal of Political Economy, 29, 38–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2012.09.001 Alemu, A. M. (2012). Effects of Corruption on FDI Inflow in Asian Economies. Seoul Journal of Economics, 25(4), 387–412. Alence, R. (2004). Political Institutions and Developmental Governance in Sub-Saharan Africa. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 42(2), 163–187. Alesina, A., & Angeletos, G.-M. (2005a). Fairness and Redistribution. American Economic Review, 95(4), 960–980. https://doi.org/10.1257/0002828054825655 Alesina, A., & Angeletos, G.-M. (2005b). Corruption, inequality, and fairness. Journal of Monetary Economics, 52(7), 1227–1244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2005.05.003 Alesina, A., Devleeschauwer, A., Easterly, W., Kurlat, S., & Wacziarg, R. (2003). Fractionalization. Journal of Economic Growth, 8(2), 155–194. Alesina, A. F., Michalopoulos, S., & Papaioannou, E. (2012). Ethnic Inequality (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2170635). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2170635 Alesina, A., & Wacziarg, R. (1998). Openness, country size and government. Journal of Public Economics, 69(3), 305–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(98)00010-3 Alesina, A., & Zhuravskaya, E. (2011). Segregation and the quality of government in a cross section of countries. American Economic Review, 101(5), 1872–1911. Alexander, C. R., & Cohen, M. A. (2015). The evolution of corporate criminal settlements: An

empirical perspective on non-prosecution, deferred prosecution, and plea agreements.(p. 537-566). American Criminal Law Review, 52(3), 537. Alexeev, M., & Conrad, R. (2009). The Elusive Curse of Oil. Review of Economics and Statistics, 91(3), 586–598. https://doi.org/10.1162/rest.91.3.586 Alexeev, M., & Habodaszova, L. (2012). Fiscal Decentralization, Corruption, and the Shadow Economy. Public Finance and Management, 12(1), 74–99. Alexeev, M., & Song, Y. (2013). Corruption and product market competition: An empirical investigation. Journal of Development Economics, 103, 154–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2013.02.010 Alfa, M., & Marangos, J. (2016). An empirical appraisal of the role of money in Nigerian politics. Int.J.of Economic Policy in Emerging Economies, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEPEE.2016.074946 Alfano, M. Rosaria, & Baraldi, A. L. (2015). Is There an Optimal Level of Political Competition in Terms of Economic Growth? Evidence from Italy. European Journal of Law and Economics, 39(2), 263–285. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10657-012-9340-5 Alfano, Maria Rosaria, Baraldi, A. L., & Cantabene, C. (2013). The role of political competition in the link between electoral systems and corruption: The Italian case. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 47, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2013.07.005 Alford, J., Teeters, H., Ward, D. S., & Wilson, R. K. (1994). Overdraft: The Political Cost of Congressional Malfeasance. The Journal of Politics, 56(3), 788–801. https://doi.org/10.2307/2132193 Alford, R. P. (2012). A Broken Windows Theory of International Corruption. Ohio State Law Journal, 73, 1253–1485. Alhassan-Alolo, N. (2007a). Fighting Public Sector Corruption in Ghana: Does Gender Matter? In Corruption and Development (pp. 205–220). Springer. http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9780230590625_11 Alhassan-Alolo, N. (2007b). Gender and corruption: Testing the new consensus. Public Administration and Development, 27(3), 227–237. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.455 Ali, A. M., & Isse, H. S. (2003). Determinants of economic corruption: A cross-country comparison. The Cato Journal, 22(3), 449. Ali, Z. (2016). Conflict between social structure and legal framework: Political corruption in Pakistan. Commonwealth & Comparative Politics, 54(1), 115–137. https://doi.org/10.1080/14662043.2015.1124497

Alias, N., & Nawawi, A. (2019). Internal auditor’s compliance to code of ethics. Journal of Financial Crime, 26(1), 179–194. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-07-2017-0066 Alibux, A. N. R. N. (2016). Criminogenic conditions, bribery and the economic crisis in the EU: A macro level analysis. 13(1), 29–49. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370815597252 Aligica, P. D., & Tarko, V. (2014). Crony Capitalism: Rent Seeking, Institutions and Ideology. Kyklos, 67(2), 156–176. https://doi.org/10.1111/kykl.12048 Alldridge, P. (2012). The U.K. Bribery Act: "The Caffeinated Younger Sibling of the FCPA. Ohio State Law Journal, 73, 1181–1485. Alldridge, P. (2015). Tax avoidance, tax evasion, money laundering and the problem of ‘offshore.’ In S. Rose-Ackerman & P. Lagunes (Eds.), Greed, Corruption, and the Modern State: Essays in Political Economy (pp. 317–335). https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=47KCCgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA317 &dq=Alldridge,+Peter.+2014.+Tax+Avoidance,+Tax+Evasion,+Money+Laundering+an d+the+Problem+of+%E2%80%9COffshore%E2%80%9D.+Working+paper.&ots=1hyIm 55HrZ&sig=K_nzxPqqjWraTVNxMUC6tz8l3zc Allen, N., & Birch, S. (2011). Political Conduct and Misconduct: Probing Public Opinion. Parliamentary Affairs, 64(1), 61–81. https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsq007 Allen, N. W. (2014). From Patronage Machine to Partisan Melee: Subnational Corruption and the Evolution of the Indonesian Party System. Pacific Affairs, 87(2), 221–245. https://doi.org/10.5509/2014872221 Allen, N. W. (2015). Clientelism and the personal vote in Indonesia. Electoral Studies, 37(Journal Article), 73–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2014.10.005 Alm, J., Martinez-Vazquez, J., & Mcclellan, C. (2016). Corruption and firm tax evasion. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 124(Journal Article), 146. Al-Mahayreh, M., & Abedel-Qader, M. (2015). Identifying the Impact of Administrative Transparency on the Administrative Corruption: A study on the Employees of Grand Amman Municipality. Advances in Management and Applied Economics, 5(2), 101–126. Al-Marhubi, F. (2004). The Determinants of governance: A cross-country analysis. Contemporary Economic Policy : A Journal of Western Economic Association International, 22(3), 394–406. Al-Marhubi, F. A. (2000). Corruption and inflation. Economics Letters, 66(2), 199–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1765(99)00230-X Almond, M. A., & Syfert, S. D. (1997). Beyond compliance: Corruption, corporate responsibility and ethical standards in the new global economy. North Carolina Journal of 14

International Law and Commercial Regulation, 22(2), 389–447. Alolo, N. (2004). Fighting Public Sector Corruption in Sub-Saharan Africa: Does Gender Matter? [IDD School of Public Policy Working Paper]. Alolo, N. (2006). Ethic of care versus ethic of justice? The gender-corruption nexus: Testing the new conventional wisdom. https://papyrus.bib.umontreal.ca/xmlui/handle/1866/3380 Alon, A., & Hageman, A. M. (2012). The Impact of Corruption on Firm Tax Compliance in Transition Economies: Whom Do You Trust? Journal of Business Ethics, 116(3), 479–494. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1457-5 Alschuler, A. W. (2015). Criminal Corruption: Why Broad Definitions of Bribery make Things Worse. Fordham Law Review, 84(2), 463–492. Alston, L. J., & Gallo, A. A. (2010). Electoral fraud, the rise of Peron and demise of checks and balances in Argentina. Explorations in Economic History, 47(2), 179–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eeh.2009.09.002 Alt, J. E., & Lassen, D. D. (2003). The Political Economy of Institutions and Corruption in American States. Journal of Theoretical Politics, 15(3), 341–365. https://doi.org/10.1177/0951692803015003006 Alt, J. E., & Lassen, D. D. (2008). Political and Judicial Checks on Corruption: Evidence from American State Governments. Economics & Politics, 20(1), 33–61. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0343.2007.00319.x Alt, J. E., & Lassen, D. D. (2014). Enforcement and public corruption: Evidence from the American states. Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization, 30(2), 307–338. Altamirano, G. D. (2007). The Impact of the Inter-American Convention Against Corruption. University of Miami Inter-American Law Review, 38, 487–699. Altbach, P. G. (2020). Corruption: A Key Challenge to Internationalization. In Corruption in Higher Education (pp. 77–81). Brill Sense. https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789004433885/BP000015.xml Altunbaş, Y., & Thornton, J. (2012). Fiscal Decentralization and Governance. Public Finance Review, 40(1), 66–85. https://doi.org/10.1177/1091142111424276 Álvarez Etxeberria, I., & Aldaz Odriozola, M. (2018). The social reputation of European companies: Does anti‐corruption disclosure affect stakeholders’ perceptions? Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 25(5), 713–721. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1488 Amacher, G. S. (2006). Corruption: A challenge for economists interested in forest policy

design. Journal of Forest Economics, 12(2), 85–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfe.2006.05.002 Ameen, A. B., & Ahmad, K. (2013). A Conceptual Framework of Financial Information Systems to Reduce Corruption. Journal of Theoretical & Applied Information Technology, 54(1). http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&profile=ehost&scope=site&authtype =crawler&jrnl=19928645&AN=90357137&h=B4NGImJcqoSs54PiPibnecZk5ponlO%2F R2GM%2BLjUfL6bj9MuwN4IGf4kZ%2FJgsOInArxzMQfAwQENz66RGKo3Gmw%3 D%3D&crl=c Amegashie, J. A. (2016). The Welfare Effects of Consumers’ Reports of Bribery. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 25(2), 516–534. https://doi.org/10.1111/jems.12149 Ameyaw, Ernest E, Pärn, E., Chan, A. P. C., Owusu-Manu, D.-G., Edwards, D. J., & Darko, A. (2017). Corrupt Practices in the Construction Industry: Survey of Ghanaian Experience. Journal of Management in Engineering, 33(6). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000555 Ameyaw, Ernest Effah, & Chan, A. P. C. (2015). Evaluating key risk factors for PPP water projects in Ghana: A Delphi study. Journal of Facilities Management, 13(2), 133. Amir, R., & Burr, C. (2015). Corruption and Socially Optimal Entry. Journal of Public Economics, 123(Journal Article), 30–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2014.12.012 Amore, M. D., & Bennedsen, M. (2013). The value of local political connections in a low-corruption environment. Journal of Financial Economics, 110(2), 387–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2013.06.002 Amundsen, I. (2013). ‘Pay up and off you go!’Buying political positions in Bangladesh. In T. Soreide & A. Williams (Eds.), Corruption, Grabbing and Development: Real World Challenges (pp. 140–147). https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=cS1jAgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA140& dq=Amundsen,+Inge.+2013.+%E2%80%9C%E2%80%98Pay+Up+and+Off+You+Go!% E2%80%99:+Buying+Political+Positions+in+Bangladesh%E2%80%9D,+in+Soreide,+T ina+%26+Aled+Willams+eds.,+Corruption,+Grabbing+and+Development+(Edward+Elg ar),+pp.+140-147.&ots=hka6df2lyZ&sig=zayo_U2h7KgFOEs_26WDC3v8hDI Anaedozie, F. (2016). Is grand corruption the cancer of Nigeria? A critical discussion in the light of an exchange of presidential letters.(Report). 12(5), 11. https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n5p11 Anand, V., Ashforth, B. E., & Joshi, M. (2005). Business as Usual: The Acceptance and Perpetuation of Corruption in Organizations. The Academy of Management Executive (1993-2005), 19(4), 9–23.

Anbarci, N., Escaleras, M., & Register, C. (2006). Traffic Fatalities and Public Sector Corruption. Kyklos, 59(3), 327–344. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.2006.00335.x Anbarci, N., Escaleras, M., & Register, C. A. (2005). Earthquake fatalities: The interaction of nature and political economy. Journal of Public Economics, 89(9–10), 1907–1933. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2004.08.002 Anbarci, N., Escaleras, M., & Register, C. A. (2009). The Ill Effects of Public Sector Corruption in the Water and Sanitation Sector. Land Economics, 85(2), 363–377. Anders, G. (2015). The normativity of numbers in practice: Technologies of counting, accounting and auditing in Malawi’s civil service reform. Social Anthropology, 23(1), 29–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-8676.12101 Anders, G., & Nuijten, M. (2007). Corruption and the secret of law: An introduction. In Corruption and the secret of law: A legal anthropological perspective (pp. 1–26). https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=e0bJtdjisCQC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=A nders,+Gerhard+%26+Monique+Nuijten.+2007.+%E2%80%9CCorruption+and+the+Sec ret+of+Law:+An+Introduction,%E2%80%9D+in+Monique+Juijten+%26+Gerhard+And ers+eds.,+Corruption+and+the+Secret+of+Law:+A+Legal+Anthropological+Perspective .+(Burlington,+VT:+Ashgate),+pp.+1-26.&ots=CFaKbn4xqo&sig=AB3pTO_eYj2DPN OGBt3WyFAryak Andersen, Jørgen J., & Ross, M. L. (2014). The Big Oil Change A Closer Look at the Haber–Menaldo Analysis. Comparative Political Studies, 47(7), 993–1021. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414013488557 Andersen, Jorgen Juel, Johannesen, N., & Rijkers, B. (2020). Elite Capture of Foreign Aid: Evidence from Offshore Bank Accounts (No. WPS9150; pp. 1–46). The World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/493201582052636710/Elite-Capture-of-Forei gn-Aid-Evidence-from-Offshore-Bank-Accounts Andersen, T. B. (2009). E-Government as an anti-corruption strategy. Information Economics and Policy, 21(3), 201–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoecopol.2008.11.003 Andersen, T. B., Bentzen, J., Dalgaard, C.-J., & Selaya, P. (2011). Does the Internet Reduce Corruption? Evidence from U.S. States and across Countries. The World Bank Economic Review, 25(3), 387–417. https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhr025 Anderson, B. B. (2015). Corrupting activities and economic development. World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 11(1), 64–64. Anderson, C. J., & Tverdova, Y. V. (2003). Corruption, Political Allegiances, and Attitudes Toward Government in Contemporary Democracies. American Journal of Political Science, 47(1), 91–109. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-5907.00007 17

Anderson, E.-L., & Beresford, A. (2016). Infectious injustice: The political foundations of the Ebola crisis in Sierra Leone. Third World Quarterly, 37(3), 468–486. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2015.1103175 Anderson, J. E., & Marcouiller, D. (2002). Insecurity and the Pattern of Trade: An Empirical Investigation. Review of Economics and Statistics, 84(2), 342–352. https://doi.org/10.1162/003465302317411587 Anderson, J. E., & Marcouiller, D. (2005). Anarchy and Autarky: Endogenous Predation as a Barrier to Trade. International Economic Review, 46(1), 189–213. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0020-6598.2005.00315.x Anderson, J., & Gray, C. (2006). Anticorruption in Transition 3: Who is Succeeding...And Why? The World Bank. http://elibrary.worldbank.org.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/doi/abs/10.1596/978-0-8213-669 2-9 Anderson, R. D., Kovacic, W. E., & Müller, A. C. (2011). Ensuring integrity and competition in public procurement markets: A dual challenge for good governance. In The WTO Regime on Government Procurement: Challenge and Reform (pp. 681–718). Cambridge University Press. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Robert_Anderson40/publication/265222261_Ensuri ng_integrity_and_competition_in_public_procurement_markets_A_dual_challenge_for_ good_governance/links/552671540cf2628d5afdf690.pdf Andersson, Staffan. (2017). Beyond Unidimensional Measurement of Corruption. Public Integrity, 19(1), 58–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2016.1200408 Andersson, Staffan, & Anechiarico, F. (2012). The political economy of conflicts of interest in an era of public-private governance. In P. Heywood (Ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Political Corruption (pp. 253–270). http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:551019 Andersson, Staffan, & Erlingsson, G. Ó. (2016). New Public Management and Risks of Corruption: The Case of Sweden. In The Social Construction of Corruption in Europe (pp. 33–58). https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=HxWgCwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA33 &dq=Andersson,+Staffan+%26+Gissur+O.+Erlingsson.+2012.+%E2%80%9CNew+Publ ic+Management+and+Risks+of+Corruption:+The+Case+of+Sweden%E2%80%9D,+in+ Dirk+Tanzler,+Konstadinos+Maras+%26+Angelos+Giannakopoulos+eds.,+The+Social+ Construction+of+Corruption+in+Europe+(Ashgate),+pp.33-58.&ots=nMqBOiqxT3&sig =6zEaZrjSW3U_O1JrXR46mkOwrSU Andersson, Staffan, & Heywood, P. M. (2009). The Politics of Perception: Use and Abuse of 18

Transparency International’s Approach to Measuring Corruption. Political Studies, 57(4), 746–767. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2008.00758.x Andersson, Steffan, & Heywood, P. M. (2009). Anti-Corruption as a Risk to Democracy: On the Unintended Consequences of International Anti-Corruption Campaigns. In L. de Sousa, P. Larmour, & B. Hindess (Eds.), Governments, NGOs and anti-corruption: The new integrity warriors (pp. 362–377). Routledge. Andreas, P. (1998). The Political Economy of Narco-Corruption in Mexico. Current History, 97, 160–170. Andrei, T., Matei, A., & Oancea, B. (2009). Simultaneous Equations Models Used in the Study of Some Issues Related to the Corruption and Performance of Services in the Public Health System. Theoretical and Applied Economics, XVI(1), 3–18. Andrei, T., Matei, A., Stancu, S., & Oancea, B. (2009). Some Notes About Decentralization Process Implications on Public Administration Corruption in Romania. Prague Economic Papers, 1, 26–37. Andrei, T., Stancu, S., Nedelcu, M., & Matei, A. (2009). Econometric Models Used for the Corruption Analysis. Economic Computation & Economic Cybernetics Studies & Research, 43(1), 101–122. Andreula, N., Chong, A., & Guillen, J. B. (2009). Institutional quality and fiscal transparency (IDB Working Paper #IDP-WP-125). http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1817228 Andrews, J. T., & Montinola, G. R. (2004). Veto players and the rule of law in emerging democracies. Comparative Political Studies, 37(1), 55–87. Andrews, M., & Shah, A. (2005). Toward citizen-centered local-level budgets in developing countries. In Public Expenditure Analysis (pp. 183–216). World Bank. http://info.worldbank.org/etools/docs/library/207233/TowardsCitizencenteredLocalBudg ets.pdf Andrianova, S. (2001). Corruption and Reputation. Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 48(3), 245–259. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9485.00197 Andrianova, S. (2007). On Corruption and Institutions in Decentralized Economies. The B.E. Journal of Theoretical Economics, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.2202/1935-1704.1353 Andrianova, S., & Melissas, N. (2009). Corruption, Extortion, and the Boundaries of the Law. Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 25(2), 442–471. https://doi.org/10.1093/jleo/ewn009 Andrighetto, G., Zhang, N., Ottone, S., Ponzano, F., D’Attoma, J., & Steinmo, S. (2016). Are 19

Some Countries More Honest than Others? Evidence from a Tax Compliance Experiment in Sweden and Italy. Frontiers In Psychology; Front.Psychol., 7(Journal Article). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00472 Androphy, B. (2015). Understanding the Limited Authority of Ethics Commissions. Public Administration Review, 75(1), 111–112. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12316 Anduiza, E., Gallego, A., & Muñoz, J. (2013). Turning a Blind Eye Experimental Evidence of Partisan Bias in Attitudes Toward Corruption. Comparative Political Studies, 46(12), 1664–1692. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414013489081 Andvig, J. (2005). Experimental Research and Corruption: A Survey of Budding Research. In Global Corruption Report 2005: Corruption in Construction and Post-Conflict Reconstruction (pp. 265–267). Andvig, J. (2007). Corruption in China and Russia compared: Different legacies of central planning. In International handbook on the economics of corruption (p. 278). https://books-google-com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/books?hl=en&lr=&id=P60nmWlJW EoC&oi=fnd&pg=PA278&dq=Andvig,+Jens.+2006.+%E2%80%9CCorruption+in+Chin a+and+Russia+Compared:+Different+Legacies+of+Central+Planning%E2%80%9D,+in +Susan+Rose-Ackerman+ed.,+International+Handbook+on+the+Economics+of+Corrupt ion+(Edward+Elgar),+pp.+278-322.&ots=j9aguF0_Ac&sig=ry2ijaLKt2jJLdI4UdZwuW VTxKg Andvig, Jens Chr. (2002). Corruption. NUPI. Andvig, Jens Chr. (2006). Corruption and fast change. World Development, 34(2), 328–340. Andvig, Jens Chr. (2008). Corruption in Sub-Saharan Africa and its Sources of Evidence (NUPI Working Paper 744). http://dspace.africaportal.org/jspui/bitstream/123456789/27523/1/Corruption%20in%20S ub-Saharan%20Africa%20and%20its%20sources%20of%20evidence.pdf Andvig, Jens Chr, & Fjeldstad, O.-H. (2008). Crime, poverty and police corruption in developing countries (NUPI Working Paper 738). http://bora.cmi.no/dspace/handle/10202/417 Andvig, Jens Chr., & Moene, K. O. (1990). How corruption may corrupt. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 13(1), 63–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-2681(90)90053-G Andvig, Jens Christopher. (1991). The economics of corruption: A survey. Studi Economici, 43(1), 57–94. Andvig, Jens Christopher. (2005). A house of straw, sticks or bricks? Some notes on corruption empirics (pp. 3–22) [NUPI Working Paper 678]. http://kms1.isn.ethz.ch/serviceengine/Files/ISN/27335/ipublicationdocument_singledocu

ment/B352F845-2CE7-4535-949F-71E54BE9EB77/en/678.pdf Andvig, Jens Christopher. (2010). Corruption and conflict. Contrasting logics of collective action. Comparative Social Research, 27, 77–102. Andvig, Jens Christopher, & Attila, J. (2009). Crime, Police Corruption and Development: Evidence from Victimization Data (NUPI Working Paper 772). http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2260961 Andvig, Jens Christopher & others. (2008). Corruption and armed conflicts: Some stirring around in the governance soup (Kiel Institute for the World Economy Economics Discussion Papers No. 2008-3). http://www.economics-ejournal.org/economics/discussionpapers/2008-3/count Andvig, Jens Christopher, & Todorov, B. (2011). Anti-Corruption in Public Procurement: Balancing the Policies. Center for the Study of Democracy. Anechiarico, F. (1996). The pursuit of absolute integrity: How corruption control makes government ineffective. University of Chicago Press. Anechiarico, F. (1999). End-runs and hairy eyeballs: The costs of corruption control in market democracies. Connecticut Journal of International Law, 14(2), 379–391. Anechiarico, F. (2006a). Procuring integrity: Oversight, inspection and the politics of public contracting. In M. Kreutner (Ed.), The Corruption Monster: Ethik, Politik und Korruption (pp. 21–30). Czernin Verlag. Anechiarico, F. (2006b). Prosecution as corruption control: Paradigms of public integrity in context. Wayne Law Review, 52(4), 1415–1432. Anechiarico, F., & Jacobs, J. B. (1994). Visions of Corruption Control and the Evolution of American Public Administration. Public Administration Review, 54(5), 465–473. https://doi.org/10.2307/976432 Ang, Y. (2014). Authoritarian Restraints on Online Activism Revisited: Why “I-Paid-A-Bribe” Worked in India but Failed in China. American University International Law Review, 47(1), 1. Ang, Y. Y., & Jia, N. (2014). Perverse Complementarity: Political Connections and the Use of Courts among Private Firms in China. The Journal of Politics, 76(2), 318–332. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022381613001400 Angeles, L., & Neanidis, K. C. (2015). The Persistent Effect of Colonialism on Corruption. Economica, 82(326), 319. Anh, N., Minh, N., & Tran-Nam, B. (2016). Corruption and economic growth, with a focus on

Vietnam. Crime, Law and Social Change, 65(4–5), 307–324. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-016-9603-0 Anik, A. R., & Bauer, S. (2013). Impact of Corruption on Farm Production and Profit. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, 2(14), 3–14. Anik, Ar, Bauer, S., & Alam, M. (2013). Why farm households have differences in corruption experiences? Evidences from Bangladesh. Agricultural Economics-Zemedelska Ekonomika, 59(10), 478–488. Anik, Asif, & Bauer, S. (2014). Household Income and Relationships with Different Power Entities as Determinants of Corruption. Contemporary Economics, 8(3), 275–288. https://doi.org/10.5709/ce.1897-9254.145 Anokhin, S., & Acar, W. (2012). Corruption and the ethical context of country-level entrepreneurship. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing. http://www.inderscienceonline.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/doi/abs/10.1504/IJEV.201 2.049830 Anokhin, S., & Schulze, W. S. (2009). Entrepreneurship, innovation, and corruption. Journal of Business Venturing, 24(5), 465–476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.06.001 Anoruo, E., & Braha, H. (2005). Corruption and economic growth: The African experience. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 7(1), 43–55. Ansolabehere, S. (2007). The Scope of Corruption: Lessons from Comparative Campaign Finance Disclosure. Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy, 6(2), 163–183. https://doi.org/10.1089/elj.2007.6203 Ansolabehere, S., de Figueiredo, J. M., & Snyder, J. M. (2003). Why is There so Little Money in U.S. Politics? Journal of Economic Perspectives, 17(1), 105–130. https://doi.org/10.1257/089533003321164976 Ansolabehere, S., Gerber, A., & Snyder Jr., J. M. (2001). Corruption and the Growth of Campaign Spending. In G. C. Lubenow (Ed.), A user’s guide to campaign finance reform (pp. 25–46). Rowman & Littlefield. https://books-google-com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/books?hl=en&lr=&id=iOIZWy0Y- YMC&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=Ansolabehere,+Stephen,+Alan+Gerber+%26+James+M.+S nyder,+Jr.+2001.+%E2%80%9CCorruption+and+the+Growth+of+Campaign+Spending, %E2%80%9D+in+Gereald+Lubenow+ed.,+A+User%E2%80%99s+Guide+to+Campaig n+Finance+Reform+(Lanham,+MD:+Rowman+%26+Littlefield+2001),+pp.+25-46.&ots =frA_-DE2Rt&sig=TIbXreDjmlivuKDI_aEX_ZfrOEw Anson, J., Cadot, O., & Olarreaga, M. (2006). Tariff Evasion and Customs Corruption: Does Pre-Shipment Inspection Help? Contributions in Economic Analysis & Policy, 5(1). 22

https://doi.org/10.2202/1538-0645.1600 Antoci, A., & Sacco, P. L. (1995). A Public-Contracting Evolutionary Game with Corruption. Journal of Economics, 61(2), 89–122. Antonikova, N. A. (2015). Private Sector Corruption in International Trade: The Need for Heightened Reporting and a Private Right of Action in the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Brigham Young University International Law & Management Review, 11(Journal Article), 93–125. Aparicio, S., Urbano, D., & Audretsch, D. (2016). Institutional factors, opportunity entrepreneurship and economic growth: Panel data evidence. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 102(Journal Article), 45. Apaza, C. R. (2009). Measuring Governance and Corruption through the Worldwide Governance Indicators: Critiques, Responses, and Ongoing Scholarly Discussion. PS: Political Science & Politics, 42(01), 139–143. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096509090106 Apergis, N., & Dănuleţiu, D. C. (2013). Public deficit, public debt, corruption and economic freedom: Some empirical evidence from Romania. The Romanian Economic Journal, XVI(48), 3–22. Apergis, N., Dincer, O. C., & Payne, J. E. (2009). The relationship between corruption and income inequality in U.S. states: Evidence from a panel cointegration and error correction model. Public Choice, 145(1–2), 125–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-009-9557-1 Apergis, N., Dincer, O. C., & Payne, J. E. (2012). Live free or bribe: On the causal dynamics between economic freedom and corruption in U.S. states. European Journal of Political Economy, 28(2), 215–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2011.10.001 Apollonio, D., Cain, B. E., & Drutman, L. (2008). Access and lobbying: Looking beyond the corruption paradigm. Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly, 36(1), 13–50. Appiah, S. C. Y., Ametepe, K., & Dapaah, J. M. (2014). Systemic barriers to the fight against corruption by anti-corruptions institutions in Ghana. 5(5), 465–473. Appolloni, A. (2013). Public Procurement and Corruption in Africa: A Literature Review. Rivista Di Politica Economica, 2, 191–214. Arafa, M. A. (2011). Battling corruption within a corporate social responsibility strategy. Indiana International & Comparative Law Review, 21(3), 397–418. Arafa, M. A. (2014). Corporate Social Responsibility and the Fight Against Corruption: Towards the Concept of CSR in Egypt after the January Revolution. In Council on International Law and Politics [Corporate Social Responsibility in Comparative Perspective Book] (pp. 182–221). 23

http://papers.ssrn.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/sol3/Papers.cfm?abstract_id=2485902 Arbache, J. S., & Habyarimana, J. (2010). Silent and lethal: How quiet corruption undermines Africa’s development efforts (Working Paper No. 53844). The World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2010/01/12059203/silent-lethal-quiet-corrupti on-undermines-africas-development-efforts# Arbogast, S. V. (2008). Resisting Corporate Corruption: Lessons in Practical Ethics from the Enron Wreckage. Conflicts and Trends in Business Ethics. Scrivener Publishing. Archambeault, D. S., Webber, S., & Greenlee, J. (2015). Fraud and Corruption in U.S. Nonprofit Entities. Nonprofit & Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 44(6), 1194–1224. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764014555987 Arendt, F., & Marquart, F. (2015). Corrupt politicians? Media priming effects on overtly expressed stereotypes toward politicians. Communications-European Journal Of Communication Research; Communications, 40(2), 185–197. https://doi.org/10.1515/commun-2015-0003 Arezki, R., & Brückner, M. (2012). Commodity windfalls, polarization, and net foreign assets: Panel data evidence on the voracity effect. Journal of International Economics, 86(2), 318–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2011.11.001 Arezki, R., & Gylfason, T. (2013). Resource Rents, Democracy, Corruption and Conflict: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of African Economies, 22(4), 552–569. Ari, A. (2008). Some educational sources of anxiety in Kyrgyz youth. Social Behavior and Personality, 36(5), 577–584. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2008.36.5.577 Ariely, D. (2012). The (honest) truth about dishonesty: How we lie to everyone---especially ourselves (First edition). Harper, 2012, ©2012. Arin, K. P., Chmelarova, V., Feess, E., & Wohlschlegel, A. (2011). Why are corrupt countries less successful in consolidating their budgets? Journal of Public Economics, 95(7–8), 521–530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2011.01.007 Ariu, A., Docquier, F., & Squicciarini, M. P. (2016). Governance quality and net migration flows. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 60(C), 238–248. Ariu, A., & Squicciarini, M. P. (2013). The balance of brains—Corruption and migration. EMBO Reports, 14(6), 502–504. https://doi.org/10.1038/embor.2013.59 Ariyabuddhiphongs, V., & Hongladarom, C. (2011). Violation of Buddhist Five Precepts, Money Consciousness, and the Tendency to Pay Bribes among Organizational Employees in Bangkok, Thailand. Archive for the Psychology of Religion, 33(3), 325–344. https://doi.org/10.1163/157361211X594168 24

Ariyabuddhiphongs, V., & Hongladarom, C. (2014). Bribe taking acceptability and bribe payment among Thai organizational employees: The mediating effect of reciprocity obligation. International Perspectives in Psychology: Research, Practice, Consultation, 3(3), 184–196. https://doi.org/10.1037/ipp0000018 Arlen, J. (1994). The Potentially Perverse Effects of Corporate Criminal Liability. The Journal of Legal Studies, 23(2), 833–867. https://doi.org/10.1086/467947 Armacost, B. (2004). Organizational culture and police misconduct. George Washington Law Review, 72(3), 453–546. Armacost, R. L., Hosseini, J. C., Morris, S. A., & Rehbein, K. A. (1991). An Empirical Comparison of Direct Questioning, Scenario, and Randomized Response Methods for Obtaining Sensitive Business Information. Decision Sciences, 22(5), 1073–1090. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.1991.tb01907.x Armantier, O., & Boly, A. (2008). Can corruption be studied in the lab? Comparing a field and a lab experiment (CIRANO Working Paper 2008s-26). http://papers.ssrn.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1324120 Armantier, O., & Boly, A. (2011). A controlled field experiment on corruption. European Economic Review, 55(8), 1072–1082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2011.04.007 Armantier, O., & Boly, A. (2013). Comparing Corruption in the Laboratory and in the Field in Burkina Faso and in Canada. The Economic Journal, 123(573), 1168–1187. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12019 Armantier, O., & Boly, A. (2014). On the effects of incentive framing on bribery: Evidence from an experiment in Burkina Faso. Economics of Governance, 15(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-013-0135-0 Armon, J. (2007). Aid, Politics and Development: A Donor Perspective. Development Policy Review, 25(5), 653–656. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7679.2007.00390.x Armstrong, R. (1992). An empirical investigation of international marketing ethics: Problems encountered by Australian firms. Journal of Business Ethics, 11(3), 161–171. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00871963 Arndt, C., Oman, C., & Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2006). Development Centre Studies Uses and Abuses of Governance Indicators. France: OECD Development Centre. Arnold, J. R. (2011). Political awareness, corruption perceptions and democratic accountability in Latin America. Acta Politica, 47(1), 67. https://doi.org/10.1057/ap.2011.21 Arnold, P. E. (2003). Democracy and Corruption in the 19th Century United States: Parties 25

‘Spoils’ and Political Participation. In The History of Corruption in Central Government (pp. 197–212). Arnone, M. (2014). Corruption economic analysis and international law. Edward Elgar PubLtd. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.GEN_batch:ELGAR00120140808 Arnone, M., & Iliopulos, E. (2007). The Cost of Corruption–Economic Institutional and Social Effects,. Vita e Pensiero (Milan: Vita e Pensiero). Arora, D. (1993). Conceptualising the context and contextualizing the concept—Corruption reconsidered. Indian Journal of Public Administration, xxxix(1), 1–19. Arozamena, L., & Weinschelbaum, F. (2009). The effect of corruption on bidding behavior in first-price auctions. European Economic Review, 53(6), 645–657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2008.11.001 Arriola, L. (2011). Patronage circulation and party system fragmentation in Africa. Working Paper. Arriola, L. R. (2009). Patronage and Political Stability in Africa. Comparative Political Studies, 42(10), 1339–1362. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414009332126 Arvate, P. R., Curi, A. Z., Rocha, F., & Miessi Sanches, F. (2010). Corruption and the size of government: Causality tests for OECD and Latin American countries. Applied Economics Letters, 17(10), 1013–1017. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504850802676207 Arvin, M., & Lew, B. (2014). Does income matter in the happiness-corruption relationship? Journal of Economic Studies, 41(3), 469–490. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-02-2013-0024 Asare, B. (2012). Unitarism and presidentialism: Political institutions and corruption in public management in Ghana. Journal of Public Administration and Policy Research, 4(2), 32–41. https://doi.org/10.5897/JPAPR11.046 Ashcroft, J., & Ratcliffe, J. (2012). The Recent and Unusual Evolution of an Expanding FCPA. 26, 25–621. Ashe, D. (2005). The Lengthening Anti-Bribery Lasso of the United States: The Recent Extraterritorial Application of the U. S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Fordham Law Review, 73(6), 2897–2945. Asher, M. G. (2001). Design of tax systems and corruption. Conference on “Fighting Corruption: Common Challenges and Shared Experiences”, Singapore, 10–11. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mukul_Asher/publication/228543638_Design_of_ta x_systems_and_corruption/links/0deec5149a9c4827e9000000.pdf Ashforth, B. E., & Anand, V. (2003). The Normalization of Corruption in Organizations.

Research in Organizational Behavior, 25, 1–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-3085(03)25001-2 Ashforth, B. E., Gioia, D. A., Robinson, S. L., & Treviño, L. K. (2008). Re-Viewing Organizational Corruption. Academy of Management Review, 33(3), 670–684. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2008.32465714 Ashkanasy, N. M., Windsor, C. A., & Treviño, L. K. (2006). Bad Apples in Bad Barrels Revisited: Cognitive Moral Development, Just World Beliefs, Rewards, and Ethical Decision-Making. Business Ethics Quarterly, 16(4), 449–473. Ashour, A. S. (2006). Integrity, Corruption and Development in Arab Countries. http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan031660.pdf Asia Foundation. (2008). The cost of moving goods: Road transportation, regulations, and charges in Indonesia. Asia Foundation. Asian African Legal Consultative Organization. (2005). Combating Corruption: A Legal Analysis. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/toc/550349251.pdf Asian Development Bank. (1991). Anticorruption and Integrity: Policies and Strategies. Asian Development Bank. Asian Development Bank & Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development, Asian Development Bank, & Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2006). Anti-corruption policies in Asia and the Pacific: Progress in legal and institutional reform in 25 countries. Asian Development Bank ; Paris, France. Asiedu, Edward. (2014). Is Pro-Social Behavior Stable? Revisiting the Impact of Gender, Education and Situational Effects in Corruption Behavior: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa [Working Paper]. Asiedu, Elizabeth. (2006). Foreign Direct Investment in Africa: The Role of Natural Resources, Market Size, Government Policy, Institutions and Political Instability. World Economy, 29(1), 63–77. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2006.00758.x Asiedu, Elizabeth, & Esfahani, H. (2001). Ownership Structure In Foreign Direct Investment Projects. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 83(4), 647–662. Asiedu, Elizabeth, & Freeman, J. (2009). The Effect of Corruption on Investment Growth: Evidence from Firms in Latin America, Sub‐Saharan Africa, and Transition Countries. Review of Development Economics, 13(2), 200–214. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9361.2009.00507.x Asilis, C., & Juan-Ramon, V. H. (1994). On corruption and capital accumulation (IMF Working Paper WP/94/86). 27

http://papers.ssrn.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=883817 Aslaksen, S. (2007). Corruption and oil: Evidence from panel data [Working Paper]. http://www.sv.uio.no/econ/personer/vit/siljeasl/corruption.pdf Aslund, A. (2014). Oligarchs, Corruption, and European Integration. Journal Of Democracy; J.Democr., 25(3), 64–73. Asomah, J. Y. (n.d.). What Motivates Some Ghanaian Private Media To Expose Political Corruption? International Journal of Sociology, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2021.1881871 Asongu, S. (2014a). Fighting African corruption when existing corruption-control levels matter in a dynamic cultural setting. International Journal of Social Economics, 41(10), 906–922. Asongu, S. (2014b). Globalization (fighting), corruption and development How are these phenomena linearly and nonlinearly related in wealth effects? Journal of Economic Studies, 41(3), 346–369. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-04-2012-0048 Asongu, S. A. (2011). Law, democracy and the quality of government in Africa. African Governance and Development Institute WP/11/018. http://papers.ssrn.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2493175 Asongu, S. A. (2012a). Fighting corruption with cultural dynamics: When legal-origins, religious-influences and existing corruption-control levels matter (African Governance and Development Institute WP/12/015). http://papers.ssrn.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2493248 Asongu, S. A. (2012b). Government Quality Determinants of Stock Market Performance in African Countries. Journal of African Business, 13(3), 183–199. Asongu, S. A. (2012c). On the effect of foreign aid on corruption. Economics Bulletin, 32(3), 2174–2180. Asongu, S. A. (2013a). Fighting corruption in Africa: Do existing corruption-control levels matter? International Journal of Development Issues, 12(1), 36–52. https://doi.org/10.1108/14468951311322109 Asongu, S. A. (2013b). Fighting corruption when existing corruption-control levels count: What do wealth-effects tell us in Africa? Institutions and Economies, 5(3), 53–74. Asongu, S. A., & Jellal, M. (2013). On the channels of foreign aid to corruption. Economics Bulletin, 33(3), 2191–2201. Asongu, S. A., & Kodila-Tedika, O. (2013). Crime and conflicts in Africa: Consequences of

corruption? European Economics Letters, 2(2), 50–55. Asongu, S. A., & Nwachukwu, J. (2015). A Good Turn Deserves Another: Political Stability, Corruption and Corruption-Control (African Governance and Development Institute Working Paper 15/039). http://papers.ssrn.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2662731 Asongu, S. A., & Nwachukwu, J. C. (2016). Foreign aid and governance in Africa. International Review of Applied Economics, 30(1), 69–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/02692171.2015.1074164 Asongu, S., & Nwachukwu, J. (2017). The Impact of Terrorism on Governance in African Countries. World Development, 99, 253. Asquer, R. (2012). Why do citizens of democracies tolerate corruption? Preliminary evidence from the World Value Survey [Working Paper]. http://ecpr.eu/Filestore/PaperProposal/9b21a4f0-85e6-4b39-be01-87d840830b97.pdf Asquer, R. (2015). Media Coverage of Corruption and Renomination: Evidence from Italian Parliamentary Elections [Working Paper]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing. http://search.proquest.com/docview/1722481701/ Asquer, R., Golden, M. A., & Hamel, B. T. (2020). Corruption, Party Leaders, and Candidate Selection: Evidence from Italy. Legislative Studies Quarterly, 45(2), 291–325. https://doi.org/10.1111/lsq.12259 Assiotis, A., & Sylwester, K. (2014). Do the Effects of Corruption upon Growth Differ Between Democracies and Autocracies? Review Of Development Economics, 18(3), 581–594. https://doi.org/10.1111/rode.12104 Assiotis, Andreas. (2012). Corruption and income. Economics Bulletin, 32(2), 1404–1412. Asthana, A. N. (2008). Decentralisation and corruption: Evidence from drinking water sector. Public Administration and Development, 28(3), 181–189. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.496 Asthana, A. N. (2012). Decentralisation and Corruption Revisited: Evidence from a Natural Experiment. Public Administration and Development, 32(1), 27–37. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.621 Ata, A. Y., & Arvas, M. A. (2011). Determinants of economic corruption: A cross-country data analysis. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(13), 161. Atakan, M. G., Burnaz, S., & Topcu, Y. (2008). An Empirical Investigation of the Ethical Perceptions of Future Managers with a Special Emphasis on Gender – Turkish Case. Journal of Business Ethics, 82(3), 573–586. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9577-z

Atan, R., Alam, M. M., & Said, J. (2017). Practices of corporate integrity and accountability of non-profit organizations in Malaysia. International Journal of Social Economics, 44(12), 2271–2286. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-09-2016-0260 Atanasov, P. D. (2011). Bribery as negotiation: A decision making perspective. IACM 24TH Annual Conference Paper. http://papers.ssrn.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1872132 Aterido, R., Hallward-Driemeier, M., & Pagés-Serra, C. (2007). Investment Climate and Employment Growth: The Impact of Access to Finance, Corruption and Regulations Across Firms. Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department. https://ideas.repec.org/p/idb/wpaper/4559.html Athanas, W. C. (2010). When doing business internationally becomes a crime: Assisting clients in understanding and complying with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. The Alabama Lawyer, 71(5), 382. Athanasouli, D., & Goujard, A. (2015). Corruption and management practices: Firm level evidence. Journal of Comparative Economics, Journal Article. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2015.03.002 Athanasouli, D., Goujard, A., & Sklias, P. (2012). Corruption and firm performance: Evidence from Greek firms. International Journal of Economic Sciences and Applied Research, 5(2), 43–67. Atkinson, M. M. (2011). Discrepancies in Perceptions of Corruption, or Why Is Canada So Corrupt? Political Science Quarterly, 126(3), 445–464. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-165X.2011.tb00708.x Atkinson, M. M., & Seiferling, M. (2006). Corruption on Two Levels: National Comparisons Using Hierarchical Models. Canadian Political Science Association Conference. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.529.5831&rep=rep1&type=pdf Attila, G. (2011). Corruption and quality of public institutions: Evidence from Generalized Method of Moment [Working Paper]. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00556802/ Attila, J. (2008a). Corruption, taxation and economic growth: Theory and evidence [Working Paper]. http://papers.ssrn.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2260995 Attila, J. (2008b). How do African populations perceive corruption: Microeconomic evidence from Afrobarometer data in twelve countries. Available at SSRN 1260828. http://papers.ssrn.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1260828 Attila, J. (2008c). Is corruption contagious? An econometric analysis (NUPI Working Paper

742). http://papers.ssrn.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1275804 Attila, J. (2009). Individual attitudes toward anti-corruption policies in Sub-Saharan Africa: Microeconometric evidence. Economics Bulletin, 29(3), 1927–1933. Attila, J. (2013). Globalization and corruption: New evidence. Oil, Gas & Energy Quarterly, 61(3), 541–562. Atuobi, S. M. (2007). Corruption and state instability in West Africa: An examination of policy options. KAIPTC Occasional Paper, 21. Au, U. (2014). Toward a reconceived legislative intent behind the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: The public-safety rationale for prohibiting bribery abroad. Brooklyn Law Review, 79(2), 925–952. Auriol, E., Straub, S., & Flochel, T. (2016). Public Procurement and Rent-Seeking: The Case of Paraguay. World Development; World Dev., 77(Journal Article), 395–407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.09.001 Auriol, Emmanuelle. (2006). Corruption in procurement and public purchase. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 24(5), 867–885. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2005.11.001 Auriol, Emmanuelle, & Blanc, A. (2009). Capture and corruption in public utilities: The cases of water and electricity in Sub-Saharan Africa. Utilities Policy, 17(2), 203–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2008.07.005 Auriol, Emmanuelle, & Lassebie, J. (2004). Capture for the Rich, Extortion for the Poor. mimeo Toulouse. http://www.deskafrica.net/public/CEIS/file/seminari/2013/Auriol.pdf Auriol, Emmanuelle, & Straub, S. (2011). Privatization of rent-generating industries and corruption. In International Handbook on the Economics of Corruption (Vol. 2, pp. 207–230). https://books-google-com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/books?hl=en&lr=&id=QbZEbihNO fUC&oi=fnd&pg=PA207&dq=Auriol,+Emmanuelle+%26+Stephane+Straub.+2011.+%E 2%80%9CPrivatization+of+Rent-Generating+Industries+and+Corruption%E2%80%9D, +in+International+Handbook+on+the+Economics+of+Corruption,+Vol.+II.+(Edward+El gar+Publishing),+pp.+207-230.&ots=dGHqBLkH20&sig=Hk6yWVILUO8B5Rpi4yoM CR-PLdE Ausland, A., & Tolmos, A. (2005). Focus on corruption: How to secure the aims of decentralization in Peru by improving good governance at the regional level. mimeo, Kennedy School, Harvard University.

Avelino, G., Biderman, C., & Lopes, M. F. M. (n.d.). Measuring Corruption: What Have We Learned? [Working Paper]. Retrieved July 20, 2016, from http://www.plataformademocratica.org/Publicacoes/19646.pdf Avery, M. (2008). Whose rights? Why states should set the parameters for federal honest services mail and wire fraud prosecutions. Boston College Law Review, 49(5), 1431–1458. Avtonomov, V. (2006). Balancing State, Market and Social Justice: Russian Experiences and Lessons to Learn. Journal of Business Ethics, 66(1), 3–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9048-y Awasthi, R., & Bayraktar, N. (2015). Can Tax Simplification Help Lower Tax Corruption? Eurasian Economic Review, 5(2), 297–330. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40822-015-0014-9 Awortwi, N., & Nuvunga, A. (2019). Sound of One Hand Clapping: Information Disclosure for Social and Political Action for Accountability in Extractive Governance in Mozambique (IDS Working Paper 523). Institute of Development Studies. https://www.ids.ac.uk/publications/sound-of-one-hand-clapping-information-disclosure-f or-social-and-political-action-for-accountability-in-extractive-governance-in-mozambiqu e/ Ayodeji, D., & Idowu, G. (2015). Assessing the Strategies of the Defunct Kenya’s Anti-Corruption Commission (KACC): Lessons for the Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission (EACC) [Working Paper]. http://papers.ssrn.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2638761 Ayres, I. (1997). The twin fares of judicial corruption: Extortion and bribery. Denver University Law Review, 74(4), 1231–1253. Ayres, M., Clark, J., Gourley, A., & Wrage, A. (2009). Anti-Corruption. The International Lawyer, 43(2), 771–793. Ayyagari, M., Demirguc-Kunt, A., & Maksimovic, V. (2014). Bribe Payments and Innovation in Developing Countries: Are Innovating Firms Disproportionately Affected? Journal Of Financial And Quantitative Analysis, 49(1), 51–75. https://doi.org/10.1017/S002210901400026X Azfar, O. (2005). Corruption and the Delivery of Health and Education Services. In B. Spector (Ed.), Fighting Corruption in Developing Countries: Strategies and Analysis (pp. 181–212). Kumarian Press. Azfar, O., & Gurgur, T. (2008). Does corruption affect health outcomes in the Philippines? Economics of Governance, 9(3), 197–244. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-006-0031-y

Azfar, O., Lee, Y., & Swamy, A. (2001). The Causes and Consequences of Corruption. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 573, 42–56. Azfar, O., Livingston, J. A., & Meagher, P. (2007). Decentralization in Uganda. In P. Bardhan & D. Mukherjee (Eds.), Decentralisation and Local Governance in Developing Countries: A Comparative Perspective. Oxford University Press. Azfar, O., & Murrell, P. (2009). Identifying Reticent Respondents: Assessing the Quality of Survey Data on Corruption and Values. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 57(2), 387–411. https://doi.org/10.1086/592840 Azfar, O., & Nelson, W. (2007). Transparency, wages, and the separation of powers: An experimental analysis of corruption. Public Choice, 130(3), 471–493. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-006-9101-5 Aziz, M. N., & Sundarasen, S. D. D. (2015). The Impact of Political Regime and Governance on ASEAN Economic Growth. Journal of Southeast Asian Economies, 32(3), 375–389. https://doi.org/10.1355/ae32-3e Azmi, K. S. A., & Rahman, A. A. L. A. (2015). E-Procurement: A Tool to Mitigate Public Procurement Fraud in Malaysia? Electronic Journal of E-Government, 13(2), 150–160. Azpitarte, F. (2011). Can corruption constrain the size of governments? European Journal of Law and Economics, 32(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10657-010-9205-8 Babatunde, J. O. (2014). Corruption and public exclusion: A serious challenge to effective public policy on health. Int.J.of Behavioural and Healthcare Research, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBHR.2013.057364 Babeiya, E. (2011). Electoral corruption and the politics of elections financing in Tanzania. Journal of Politics and Law, 4(2), 91. Babos, P. (2015). Corruption experience, perception and anti-corruption trust: Different effects in various post-Communist states. Romanian Journal of Political Science, 15(1), 107. Bac, M. (1996a). Corruption and Supervision Costs in Hierarchies. Journal of Comparative Economics, 22(2), 99–118. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcec.1996.0013 Bac, M. (1996b). Corruption, Supervision, and the Structure of Hierarchies. 12(2), 277–298. Bac, M. (1998). The Scope, Timing, and Type of Corruption. International Review of Law & Economics, 18(1), 101–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0144-8188(97)00060-4 Bac, M. (2001). Corruption, Connections and Transparency: Does a Better Screen Imply a Better Scene? Public Choice, 107(1–2), 87–96. Bac, M., & Bag, P. K. (2006). Beneficial collusion in corruption control: The case of 33

nonmonetary penalties. Journal of Development Economics, 81(2), 478–499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2005.06.007 Bacio-Terracino, J. (2008). Corruption as a violation of human rights. International Council on Human Rights Policy, Forthcoming. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1107918 Bacio-Terracino, J. (2010). Linking Corruption and Human Rights. American Society of International Law Proceedings, 104, 243–246. https://doi.org/10.5305/procannmeetasil.104.0243 Bäck, H., & Hadenius, A. (2008). Democracy and State Capacity: Exploring a J‐Shaped Relationship. Governance, 21(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0491.2007.00383.x Bäck, H., Teorell, J., & Lindberg, S. I. (2019). Cabinets, Prime Ministers and Corruption. A Comparative Analysis of Parliamentary Governments in Post-war Europe. Political Studies, 67(1), 149–170. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321718760806 Badarneh, M. A. (2020). Discourses of defense: Self and other positioning in public responses to accusations of corruption in Jordan. Discourse Studies, 22(4), 399–417. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445620914670 Badejo, B., Agunyai, S., & Buraimo, S. (2015). The Pursuit of Primordial Interest as an Explanatory Factor for the Prevalence of Governance Crisis in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic. Journal of Politics and Law, 8(3), 1–13. Bader, F., von Maravić, P., Peters, B. G., & Tauch, M. (2013). Corruption, method choice, and constraints—Exploring methodological pluralism in corruption research. Zeitschrift Für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft, 7(1), 13–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12286-013-0154-9 Badescu, G., Sum, P., & Uslaner, E. (2004). Civil Society Development and Democratic Values in Romania and Moldova. East European Politics and Societies, 18(2), 316–341. https://doi.org/10.1177/0888325403259915 Badinger, H., & Nindl, E. (2014). Globalisation and Corruption, Revisited. The World Economy, 37(10), 1424. Badun, M., Pribicevic, V., & Deskar-Skrbic, M. (2014). Government size and efficiency as constraints to economic growth: Comparing Croatia with other European countries. Post - Communist Economies, 26(3), 297. Bae, J. H., Li, D. D., & Rishi, M. (2016). Determinants of CO 2 emission for post-Soviet Union independent countries. Climate Policy, Journal Article, 1–25.

https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2015.1124751 Baer, M. H. (2009). Governing corporate compliance. Boston College Law Review, 50(4), 949–1019. Bag, P. K. (1997). Controlling Corruption in Hierarchies. Journal of Comparative Economics, 25(3), 322–344. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcec.1997.1475 Bågenholm, A. (2009). Politicizing corruption. The electoral impact of anti-corruption discourse in Europe 1983-2007 (QoG Working Paper Series 2009: 10). http://swepub.kb.se/bib/swepub:oai:services.scigloo.org:110196 Bågenholm, A. (2013a). The electoral fate and policy impact of “anti-corruption parties” in Central and Eastern Europe. Human Affairs, 23(2), 174–195. Bågenholm, A. (2013b). Throwing the rascals out? The electoral effects of corruption allegations and corruption scandals in Europe 1981-2011. Crime Law And Social Change, 60(5), 595–609. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-013-9482-6 Bågenholm, A. (2014). Standing By Your (Wo) Man? How Voter Ideology Impacts Party Loyalty in the Face of Corruption Scandals [Working Paper]. 21st International Conference of Europeanists. https://ces.confex.com/ces/2014/webprogram/Paper6289.html Bågenholm, A., & Charron, N. (2014). Do Politics in Europe Benefit from Politicising Corruption? West European Politics, 37(5), 903–931. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2014.909164 Bågenholm, A., & Charron, N. (2016). Ideology, party systems and corruption voting in European democracies. Electoral Studies, 41(Journal Article), 35–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2015.11.022 Bågenholm, A., Dahlberg, S., & Solevid, M. (2014). Does Politicization of Corruption Affect Voter Turnout? (APSA 2014 Annual Meeting Paper) [Working Paper]. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2453969 Báger, G. (2011). Corruption risks in public administration. Public Finance Quarterly, 56(1), 44–57. Báger, G., & Kovács, Á. (2005). Corruption and the options of the activities of the state audit office. Development and Finance, 3, 40–48. Bagues, M., & Esteve-Volart, B. (2009). Top Civil Service: Meritocracy or Nepotism [Working Paper]. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.187.3649&rep=rep1&type=pdf Bah, E., & Fang, L. (2015). Impact of the Business Environment on Output and Productivity in

Africa. Journal of Development Economics, 114(Journal Article), 159–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2015.01.001 Bah, M., Charlier, L., Davila, C., Descousse, S., Frimon-Richard, B., Hashem, S., Leroy, C., Minault, M., Mouro, V., Nillameyom, R., Schlüter, L., & Wailly, M. (2020). Tackling corruption in global health. The Lancet (British Edition), 396(10245), 161–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30310-X Bahmani-Oskooee, M., & Goswami, G. G. (2005). The impact of corruption on the black market premium. Southern Economic Journal, 483–493. Bahmani-Oskooee, M., & Nasir, A. B. M. (2002). Corruption, law and order, bureaucracy, and real exchange rate. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 50(4), 1021–1028. Bahn, C. (1975). The Psychology of Police Corruption: Socialization of the Corrupt. Police J., 48, 30. Bahoo, S. (2020). Corruption in banks: A bibliometric review and agenda. Finance Research Letters, 35, 101499-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2020.101499 Bahoo, S., Alon, I., & Floreani, J. (n.d.). Corruption in economics: A bibliometric analysis and research agenda. Applied Economics Letters, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2020.1764476 Bahre, E. (2005). How to ignore corruption: Reporting the shortcomings of development in South Africa. Current Anthropology, 46(1), 117–121. Bai, Bao-yu, Liu, X., & Kou, Y. (2014). Belief in a Just World Lowers Perceived Intention of Corruption: The Mediating Role of Perceived Punishment. PLoS ONE, 9(5), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0097075 Bai, Bao‐Yu, Liu, X., & Kou, Y. (2016). Belief in a just world lowers bribery intention. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 19(1), 66–75. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajsp.12108 Bai, C.-E., & Wei, S.-J. (2001). The quality of bureaucracy and capital account policies (World Bank Working Paper 2575). World Bank Publications. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=_-1EWHfgrbwC&oi=fnd&dq=Bai,+C.- E.+%26+S.-J.+Wei.+2001.+The+Quality+of+Bureaucracy+and+Capital+Account+Polici es.+World+Bank+Working+Paper+2575.&ots=mYGCkoUIrB&sig=lc3UQP0c_jv3uk41 DTvBzXAwtrs Bai, J., Jayachandran, S., Malesky, E. J., & Olken, B. A. (2013). Does economic growth reduce corruption? Theory and evidence from Vietnam [Working Paper]. National Bureau of Economic Research. http://www.nber.org/papers/w19483 Bailes, R. (2006). Facilitation payments: Culturally acceptable or unacceptably corrupt? Business 36

Ethics: A European Review, 15(3), 293–298. Bailey, J. (2009). Corruption and Democratic Governability. In C. H. Blake & S. D. Morris (Eds.), Corruption and Democracy in Latin America (pp. 60–76). Pittsburgh University Press. Bailey, J., & Paras, P. (2006). Perceptions and attitudes about corruption and democracy in Mexico. Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos, 22(1), 57–82. Bajolle, J. (2006). The origins and motivations of the current emphasis on corruption: The case of Transparency International. Workshop: The International Anti-Corruption Movement, Eur. Consort. Polit. Res. Jt. Sess. Workshops, Apr, 25–30. http://hussonet.free.fr/bajolle.pdf Baker, J. (2015). The Rhizome State: Democratizing Indonesia’s Off-Budget Economy. Critical Asian Studies, 47(2), 309–336. https://doi.org/10.1080/14672715.2015.1041282 Baker, J., & Milne, S. (2015). Dirty Money States: Illicit Economies and the State in Southeast Asia. Critical Asian Studies, 47(2), 151–176. https://doi.org/10.1080/14672715.2015.1041273 Baker, M. B. (1993). Private Codes of Corporate Conduct: Should the Fox Guard the Henhouse? The University of Miami Inter-American Law Review, 399–433. Baklouti, N., & Boujelbene, Y. (2015). Exploring the relationship between democracy, corruption and economic growth in MENA countries. Acta Universitatis Danubius.OEconomica, 11(3), 43–58. Baklouti, N., & Boujelbene, Y. (2020). Shadow Economy, Corruption, and Economic Growth: An Empirical Analysis. The Review of Black Political Economy, 47(3), 276–294. https://doi.org/10.1177/0034644619885349 Baksi, S., Bose, P., & Pandey, M. (2009). The impact of liberalization on bureaucratic corruption. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 72(1), 214–224. Balabanova, D. (2020). Toward a new framing of corruption in health systems in LMICs: What questions should we be asking? European Journal of Public Health, 30(Supplement_5). https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.936 Balabanova, Dina, & McKee, M. (2002). Understanding informal payments for health care: The example of Bulgaria. Health Policy, 62(3), 243–273. Balabanova, Dina, McKee, M., Pomerleau, J., Rose, R., & Haerpfer, C. (2004). Health Service Utilization in the Former Soviet Union: Evidence from Eight Countries. Health Services Research, 39(6p2), 1927–1950. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6773.2004.00326.x

Balafoutas, L. (2011). Public beliefs and corruption in a repeated psychological game. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 78(1), 51–59. Baland, J.-M., & Francois, P. (2000). Rent-seeking and resource booms. Journal of Development Economics, 61(2), 527–542. Balaniuk, R., Bessière, P., Mazer, E., & Cobbe, P. R. (2013). Corruption risk analysis using semi–supervised naïve Bayes classifiers. International Journal of Reasoning-Based Intelligent Systems, 5(4), 237–245. Baldi, S., & Vannoni, D. (2017). The impact of centralization on pharmaceutical procurement prices: The role of institutional quality and corruption. Regional Studies, 51(3), 426–438. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2015.1101517 Baldock, G. (2016). The perception of corruption across Europe, Middle East and Africa. Journal of Financial Crime, 23(1), 119–131. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-02-2015-0004 Baldwin, K., & Huber, J. D. (2010). Economic versus cultural differences: Forms of ethnic diversity and public goods provision. American Political Science Review, 104(04), 644–662. Baliamoune-Lutz, M., Ndikumana, L., & UNECA, A. A. (2008). Corruption and growth in African countries: Exploring the investment channel. University of Massachusetts Amherst Working Paper, 8. http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Knowledge/Conference_2007_a nglais_16-part-III-4.pdf Balkaran, L. (2020). Benford’s Law in a Big Data World: Applying the Mathematical Digital Analysis Tool to Large Data Sets Can Help Auditors Detect Fraud and Other Problems. Internal Auditor, 77(2), 17. Bame-Aldred, C., Sweeney, J. T., & Seifert, D. (2007). An examination of the effectiveness of Sarbanes-Oxley whistle-blower protection. Journal of Forensic Accounting, 8(1–2), 105–118. Bamidele, O., Olaniyan, A. O., & Ayodele, B. (2016). Culture, Corruption, and Anticorruption Struggles in Nigeria. Journal of Developing Societies, 32(2), 103–129. https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X15610015 Bandaranayake, B. (2014). Fraud and Corruption Control at Education System Level: A Case Study of the Victorian Department of Education and Early Childhood Development in Australia. Journal of Cases in Educational Leadership, 17(4), 34–53. Bandiera, O., Prat, A., & Valletti, T. (2009). Active and passive waste in government spending: Evidence from a policy experiment. The American Economic Review, 99(4), 1278–1308.

Banducci, S. A., & Karp, J. A. (1994). Electoral consequences of scandal and reapportionment in the 1992 house elections. American Politics Quarterly, 22(1), 3. Bandura, A. (1999). Moral disengagement in the perpetration of inhumanities. Personality and Social Psychology Review : An Official Journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc, 3(3), 193–209. Bandura, Albert. (2004). Selective Moral Disengagement in the Exercise of Moral Agency. Journal of Moral Education, 31(2), 101–119. Bandyopadhyay, S., & Takashima, R. (2007). Corruption and trade protection evidence from panel data (Working paper series / Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, Research Division 2007-022A). http://research.stlouisfed.org/wp/2007/2007-022.pdf Banerjee, A., Chattopadhyay, R., Duflo, E., Keniston, D., & Singh, N. (2012a). Can Institutions be Reformed from Within? Evidence from a Randomized Experiment with the Rajasthan Police [IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc]. Banerjee, A., Chattopadhyay, R., Duflo, E., Keniston, D., & Singh, N. (2012b). Improving Police Performance in Rajasthan, India: Experimental Evidence on Incentives, Managerial Autonomy and Training (p. n/a) [NBER Working Paper Series]. Banerjee, A., & Duflo, E. (2006). Addressing Absence. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 20(1), 117–132. https://doi.org/10.1257/089533006776526139 Banerjee, A., Green, D., Green, J., & Pande, R. (2009). Can voters be primed to choose better legislators? Evidence from two field experiments in rural India [Working Paper]. Banerjee, A., Green, D. P., Mcmanus, J., & Pande, R. (2014). Are Poor Voters Indifferent to Whether Elected Leaders Are Criminal or Corrupt? A Vignette Experiment in Rural India. Political Communication, 31(3), 391–407. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2014.914615 Banerjee, A., Hanna, R., Kyle, J., Olken, B., Banerjee, A., Hanna, R., Kyle, J., & Olken, B. (2015). The Power of Transparency: Information, Identification Cards and Food Subsidy Programs in Indonesia (NBER Working Paper Series Working Paper No. 20923; p. n/a). Banerjee, A., Hanna, R., & Mullainathan, S. (2013). Corruption. In R. Gibbons & J. Roberts (Eds.), The Handbook of Organizational Economics. https://ideas.repec.org/h/pup/chapts/9889-27.html Banerjee, A., Kumar, S., Pande, R., & Su, F. (2011). Do informed voters make better choices? Experimental evidence from urban India [Working Paper]. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.221.1405&rep=rep1&type=pdf Banerjee, A., & Pande, R. (2007). Parochial Politics: Ethnic Preferences and Politician 39

Corruption [IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc]. Banerjee, A. V. (1997). A Theory of Misgovernance. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112(4), 1289–1332. Banerjee, A. V., Banerji, R., Duflo, E., Glennerster, R., & Khemani, S. (2010). Pitfalls of Participatory Programs: Evidence from a Randomized Evaluation in Education in India. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 2(1), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.2.1.1 Banerjee, A. V., Duflo, E., & Glennerster, R. (2008). Putting a band-aid on a corpse: Incentives for nurses in the Indian public health care system. Journal of the European Economic Association, 6(2), 487–500. Banerjee, R. (2016). On the interpretation of bribery in a laboratory corruption game: Moral frames and social norms. Experimental Economics, 19(1), 240–267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10683-015-9436-1 Banfield, E. C. (1975). Corruption as a Feature of Governmental Organization. The Journal of Law and Economics, 18(3), 587–605. https://doi.org/10.1086/466826 Bantekas, I. (2006). Corruption as an International Crime and Crime against Humanity. Journal of International Criminal Justice, 4(3), 466–484. https://doi.org/10.1093/jicj/mql025 Banuri, S., Croson, R. T., Kline, R., & Eckel, C. C. (2008). Towards an improved methodology in analyzing corruption: Insights from citizen responses to corrupt practices across countries [Working Paper]. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1883754 Banuri, S., & Eckel, C. (2015). Cracking down on bribery. Social Choice and Welfare, 45(3), 579–600. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00355-015-0883-6 Banuri, S., & Eckel, C. C. (2012a). Experiments in culture and corruption: A review (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 6064). http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2055105 Banuri, S., & Eckel, C. C. (2012b). On the Effects of Culture on Punishment of Bribery: US v. Pakistsan [Working Paper]. Banuri, S., Eckel, C. C., & Wilson, R. K. (2012). Deconstructing nepotism [Working Paper]. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2248187 Baraldi, A. L. (2008). Effects of Electoral Rules, Political Competition and Corruption on the Size and Composition of Government Consumption Spending: An Italian Regional Analysis. The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.2202/1935-1682.1825

Barassi, M. R., & Zhou, Y. (2012). The effect of corruption on FDI: A parametric and non-parametric analysis. European Journal of Political Economy, 28(3), 302–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2012.01.001 Barber, S., Bonnet, F., & Bekedam, H. (2004). Formalizing under-the-table payments to control out-of-pocket hospital expenditures in Cambodia. Health Policy and Planning, 19(4), 199–208. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czh025 Barbier, E. (2010). Corruption and the Political Economy of Resource-Based Development: A Comparison of Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Environmental and Resource Economics, 46(4), 511–537. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-010-9352-y Barbier, E. B. (2012). Corruption, Poverty and Tropical Land Use. Journal of Sustainable Forestry, 31(4–5), 319–339. https://doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2011.588455 Barbier, E. B., Damania, R., & Léonard, D. (2005). Corruption, trade and resource conversion. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 50(2), 276–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2004.12.004 Bardhan, Pranab. (2002). Decentralization of governance and development. The Journal of Economic Perspectives : EP ; a Journal of the American Economic Association, 16(4), 185–205. Bardhan, Pranab. (2006). The economist’s approach to the problem of corruption. World Development, 34(2), 341–348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.03.011 Bardhan, Pranab. (2015). Corruption and Development Policy (Drawing Upon the Recent Indian Debate). Journal of Public Economic Theory, 17(4), 472–479. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpet.12126 Bardhan, Pranab. (2018). Reflections on Corruption in the Context of Political and Economic Liberalization. In Institutions, Governance and the Control of Corruption (pp. 113–131). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65684-7_5 Bardhan, P. K. (1997). Corruption and development: A review of issues. Journal of Economic Literature, 35(3), 1320–1346. Bardhan, Pranab, & Mookherjee, D. (2000). Capture and Governance at Local and National Levels. American Economic Review, 90(2), 135–139. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.90.2.135 Bardhan, Pranab, & Mookherjee, D. (2005). Decentralizing antipoverty program delivery in developing countries. The Journal of Public Economics, 89(4), 675. Bardhan, Pranab, & Mookherjee, D. (2006a). Decentralisation and Accountability in Infrastructure Delivery in Developing Countries*. Economic Journal, 116(508), 41

101–127. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2006.01049.x Bardhan, Pranab, & Mookherjee, D. (2006b). Decentralization, corruption, and government accountability. In S. Rose-Ackerman (Ed.), International handbook on the economics of corruption (Vol. 6, pp. 161–188). https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=P60nmWlJWEoC&oi=fnd&pg=PA161 &dq=bardhan+decentralization+corruption+in+Rose-Ackerman&ots=j9b9AKV3Cg&sig =E8aVtWTTt6yjFJFhiV9-KrnnT6E Barkemeyer, R., Preuss, L., & Lee, L. (2015). Corporate reporting on corruption: An international comparison. Accounting Forum, 39(4), 349–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accfor.2015.10.001 Barnett, K. (2015). Distributive justice and proprietary remedies over bribes. Legal Studies, 35(2), 302–322. https://doi.org/10.1111/lest.12062 Barnwal, P. (2014). Curbing Leakage in Public Programs with Biometric Identification Systems: Evidence from India’s Fuel Subsidies [Working Paper]. http://www.med.uio.no/helsam/english/research/news-and-events/events/conferences/201 5/vedlegg-warsaw/subsidy-leakage-uid.pdf Barone, G., & Narciso, G. (2015). Organized crime and business subsidies: Where does the money go? Journal of Urban Economics, 86(Journal Article), 98–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2015.01.002 Barr, A., Lindelow, M., & Serneels, P. (2009). Corruption in public service delivery: An experimental analysis. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 72(1), 225–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2009.07.006 Barr, A., Mugisha, F., Serneels, P., & Zeitlin, A. (2012). Information and collective action in community-based monitoring of schools: Field and lab experimental evidence from Uganda [Working Paper]. http://cega.berkeley.edu/assets/cega_events/3/doc7Zeitlin-et-al_Information-and-Collecti ve-Action-in-Community-based-mMonitoring-of-Schools.pdf Barr, A., & Serra, D. (2009). The effects of externalities and framing on bribery in a petty corruption experiment. Experimental Economics, 12(4), 488–503. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10683-009-9225-9 Barr, A., & Serra, D. (2010). Corruption and culture: An experimental analysis. Journal of Public Economics, 94(11), 862–869. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2010.07.006 Barreto, R. A. (2000). Endogenous corruption in a neoclassical growth model. European Economic Review, 44(1), 35–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2921(98)00052-X

Barreto, R. A. (2003). Corruption, optimal taxation, and growth. Public Finance Review : PFR, 31(3), 207–240. Barron, R. (2016). Some Comments on the DOJ’s Kleptocracy Asset Recovery Initiative. Securities Regulation Law Journal, 44(4), 451. Barron, R. A. (2014). Some current developments under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Securities Regulation Law Journal, 42(2), 185–194. Barta, J. A., & Chapman, J. (2012). Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. American Criminal Law Review, 49(2), 825. Barth, J., Lin, C., Lin, P., & Song, F. (2009). Corruption in bank lending to firms: Cross-country micro evidence on the beneficial role of competition and information sharing. 91(3), 361–388. Bartle, S., Chamberlain, C., & Wohlberg, B. (2014). Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. American Criminal Law Review, 51(4), 1265. Basabe‐Serrano, S. (2015). Informal Institutions and Judicial Independence in Paraguay, 1954–2011. Law & Policy, 37(4), 350–378. https://doi.org/10.1111/lapo.12038 Bashar, M. A. (2020). The Bureaucratic Corruption Leading to the Fall of Bengal (1700-1757). Intellectual Discourse, 28(2), 757–777. Basheka, B. C., & Mubangizi, B. C. (2012). Citizen-driven approaches in fighting corruption: A comparative analysis of Uganda’s and South Africa’s local government systems. Journal of Public Administration, 47(3), 636–655. Basheka, Benon C., Oluka, P. N., & Karyeija, G. K. (2013). The nature and forms of public procurement corruption in Uganda’s local government systems: Implications for good governance debate. Int. J. of Procurement Management, 6(6). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPM.2013.056762 Basheka, Benon C., Oluka, P. N., & Mugurusi, G. (2015). Citizen-driven approaches for combating public procurement corruption in Uganda’s local government systems: An empirical survey. Int. J. of Logistics Systems and Management, 21(4). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLSM.2015.070212 Basinger, S. J. (2013). Scandals and Congressional Elections in the Post-Watergate Era. Political Research Quarterly, 66(2), 385–398. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912912451144 Basiru, A. (2018). Democracy Deficit and the Deepening Crisis of Corruption in Post-Authoritarian Nigeria: Navigating the Nexus. Taiwan Journal of Democracy, 14(2), 121.

Bastida, F., & Benito, B. (2007). Central Government Budget Practices and Transparency: An international comparison. Public Administration, 85(3), 667–716. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9299.2007.00664.x Basu, G. (2014). Concealment, corruption, and evasion: A transaction cost and case analysis of illicit supply chain activity. Journal of Transportation Security, 7(3), 209–226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12198-014-0140-8 Basu, K. (2012). Why, for a certain class of bribes, the act of giving a bribe should be considered as legal. In S. Kochar (Ed.), Policy-Making for Indian Planning: Essays on Contemporary Issues in Honour of Montek Singh Ahluwalia. Academic Foundation. Basu, Karna, Basu, K., & Cordella, T. (01). Asymmetric Punishment as an Instrument of Corruption Control (Working Paper 6933). The World Bank Policy Research. http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/pdf/10.1596/1813-9450-6933 Basu, Kaushik, Bhattacharya, S., & Mishra, A. (1992). Notes on bribery and the control of corruption. Journal of Public Economics, 48(3), 349–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-2727(92)90012-5 Basu, Kaushik, & Cordella, T. (2018). Introduction. In Kaushik Basu & T. Cordella (Eds.), Institutions, Governance and the Control of Corruption (pp. 1–13). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65684-7_1 Basu, Kaushik, Mcgavock, T., & Zhang, B. (2013). When Competition Corrupts: A Theoretical Analysis of Market Structure and the Incidence of Corruption (Working Paper 6596). The World Bank Policy Research. http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/pdf/10.1596/1813-9450-6596 Batabyal, A. A., & Yoo, S. J. (2007). Corruption, Bribery, and Wait Times in the Public Allocation of Goods in Developing Countries. Review of Development Economics, 11(3), 507–517. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9361.2007.00419.x Batabyal, S., & Chowdhury, A. (2015). Curbing corruption, financial development and income inequality. Progress in Development Studies, 15(1), 49–72. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464993414546980 Batalla, E. C. (2001). De-institutionalizing Corruption in the Philippines. In Combating Corruption in East Asia (pp. 41–78). De La Salle University. http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/apcity/unpan013117.pdf Batalla, E. V. C. (2015). Treading the straight and righteous path: Curbing corruption in the Philippines. Asian Education and Development Studies, 4(1), 51–75. Bates, R., Greif, A., & Singh, S. (2002). Organizing Violence. Journal of Conflict Resolution.

https://doi.org/10.1177/002200202236166 Batista, C., & Vicente, P. C. (2011). Do Migrants Improve Governance at Home? Evidence from a Voting Experiment. World Bank Economic Review;25(1). http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13465 Batory, A. (2010). Post-accession malaise? EU conditionality, domestic politics and anti-corruption policy in Hungary. Global Crime, 11(2), 164–177. https://doi.org/10.1080/17440571003669183 Batory, A. (2012a). Political Cycles and Organizational Life Cycles: Delegation to Anticorruption Agencies in Central Europe. Governance, 25(4), 639–660. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0491.2012.01599.x Batory, A. (2012b). Why do anti‐corruption laws fail in Central Eastern Europe? A target compliance perspective. Regulation & Governance, 6(1), 66–82. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5991.2011.01125.x Batory, A. (2020). A free lunch from the EU? Public perceptions of corruption in cohesion policy expenditure in post-communist EU member states. Journal of European Integration. https://doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2020.1800681 Batra, G., Kaufmann, D., & Stone, A. H. W. (2003). Investment climate around the world: Voices of the firms from the World Business Environment Survey / Geeta Batra, Daniel Kaufmann, and Andrew H.W. Stone. Washington, DC, World Bank. Batzilis, D. (2015). Bribing Abroad. In S. Rose-Ackerman & P. Lagunes (Eds.), Greed, Corruption, and the Modern State: Essays in Political Economy. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=47KCCgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR1&d q=batzilis+bribing+abroad&ots=1hzBsa8JuW&sig=ClI12oTUF_9FmD1o9ip5eN-M7qQ Baucus, M. S. (1994). Pressure, Opportunity and Predisposition: A Multivariate Model of Corporate Illegality. Journal of Management, 20(4), 699–721. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639402000401 Bauhr, M. (2011). Why Pay Bribes? Collective Action and Anticorruption Efforts. Qog Working Paper Series 2011:18. Bauhr, M. (2012). Need or greed corruption? In Good Government: The Relevance of Political Science (p. 68). https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=nd1kKwqKXPkC&oi=fnd&pg=PA68& dq=bauhr+need+or+greed+corruption+in+good+government&ots=xT3gfTcmIv&sig=3K EyqKqIAinMpG1giDpPS-xwQyU

Bauhr, M. (2013). The Legacy of Honesty: Understanding Swedish Perception of Corruption. In L. Wängnerud, S. Dahlberg, & H. Oscarsson (Eds.), Stepping Stones: Research on Political Representation, Voting Behavior, and Quality of Government (pp. 237–248). Bauhr, M., & Grimes, M. (2014). Indignation or Resignation: The Implications of Transparency for Societal Accountability. Governance, 27(2), 291–320. https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12033 Bauhr, M., & Nasiritousi, N. (2012). Resisting Transparency: Corruption, Legitimacy, and the Quality of Global Environmental Policies. Global Environmental Politics, 12(4), 9–29. Baumann, F., & Friehe, T. (2016). Competitive Pressure and Corporate Crime. B E Journal Of Economic Analysis & Policy; B E J.Econ.Anal.Policy, 16(2), 647–687. https://doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2015-0064 Baumann, H. (2016). A failure of governmentality: Why Transparency International underestimated corruption in Ben Ali’s Tunisia. Third World Quarterly, Journal Article, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2016.1153417 Baumol, W. J. (1990). Entrepreneurship: Productive, unproductive, and destructive. The Journal of Political Economy, 98(5), 893–921. Baxamusa, M., & Jalal, A. M. (2014). The Effects of Corruption on Capital Structure: When Does It Matter? The Journal of Developing Areas, 48(1), 315–335. Baxter, A. T. (1983). Federal discretion in the prosecution of local political corruption. Pepperdine Law Review, 10(2), 321–376. Bayar, G. (2005). The role of intermediaries in corruption. Public Choice, 122(3), 277–298. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-005-5916-8 Bayar, G. (2011). Causes of corruption: Dynamic panel data analysis of some post soviet countries and East Asian countries. The Journal of Applied Business Research, 27(1), 77–86. Bayar, G. (2014). Spurious middlemen in corrupt transactions. Bayley, D. H. (1966). The effects of corruption in a developing nation. The Western Political Quarterly : Official Journal of Western Political Science Association, 19(4), 719–732. Bayley, D. H., & Perito, R. (2011). Police corruption: What past scandals teach about current challenges. US Institute of Peace. Bazana, S., & Reddy, T. (2021). A critical appraisal of the recruitment and selection process of the Public Protector in South Africa. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 19(2), e1–e12. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v19i0.1207

Bazerman, M. H., & Gino, F. (2012). Behavioral Ethics: Toward a Deeper Understanding of Moral Judgment and Dishonesty. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 8(1), 85–104. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-102811-173815 Bazuaye, B., & Oriakhogba, D. (2016). Combating corruption and the role of the judiciary in Nigeria: Beyond rhetoric and crassness. Commonwealth Law Bulletin, 42(1), 125–147. https://doi.org/10.1080/03050718.2016.1157504 Bbaale, E., & Ibrahim, M. (2018). Corruption and firm-level productivity: Greasing or sanding effect? World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 14(3), 222–241. https://doi.org/10.1108/WJEMSD-10-2017-0067 Beale, K. D., & Esposito, P. (2009). Emergent International Attitudes Towards Bribery, Corruption and Money Laundering. Arbitration, 75, 360–373. Beale, S. S. (2000). Comparing the scope of the federal government’s authority to prosecute federal corruption and state and local corruption: Some surprising conclusions and a proposal. Hastings Law Journal, 51(4), 699–722. Beaman, L., Duflo, E., Pande, R., & Topalova, P. (2011). Political reservation and substantive representation: Evidence from Indian village councils. India Policy Forum, 159–201. Bean, B. (2010). Hyperbole, Hypocrisy, and Hubris in the Aid-Corruption Dialogue. Georgetown Journal of International Law, 41(4), 781. Bearse, P., Glomm, G., & Janeba, E. (2000). Why poor countries rely mostly on redistribution in-kind. Journal of Public Economics, 75(3), 463–481. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(99)00076-6 Beasley, M. (2015). Dysfunctional Equivalence: Why the OECD Antibribery Convention Provides Insufficient Guidance in the Era of Multinational Corporations. The George Washington International Law Review, 47(1), 191–231. Beaulieu, E. (2014). From voter ID to party ID: How political parties affect perceptions of election fraud in the U.S. Electoral Studies, 35, 24–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2014.03.003 Beber, B., & Scacco, A. (2012). What the Numbers Say: A Digit-Based Test for Election Fraud. Political Analysis, 20(2), 211–234. https://doi.org/10.1093/pan/mps003 Beblavý, M. (2009). Conditions for effective large‐scale anticorruption efforts and the role of external actors: What does the Slovak experience tell us? Public Administration and Development, 29(3), 180–192. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.526 Beck, A., & Lee, R. (2002). Attitudes to corruption amongst Russian police officers and trainees. Crime, Law and Social Change, 38(4), 357–372. 47

https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021140413153 Beck, P. J., & Maher, M. W. (1986). A comparison of bribery and bidding in thin markets. Economics Letters, 20(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1765(86)90068-6 Beck, P. J., & Maher, M. W. (1989). Competition, regulation and bribery. Managerial and Decision Economics, 10(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1002/mde.4090100102 Beck, T., Demirgüç‐Kunt, A., & Maksimovic, V. (2005). Financial and Legal Constraints to Growth: Does Firm Size Matter? Journal of Finance, 60(1), 137–177. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2005.00727.x Beck, T., & Laeven, L. (2006). Institution building and growth in transition economies. Journal of Economic Growth, 11(2), 157–186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10887-006-9000-0 Becker, G. S. (1968). Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach. Journal of Political Economy, 76(2), 169–217. https://doi.org/10.1086/259394 Becker, G. S., & Stigler, G. J. (1974). Law Enforcement, Malfeasance, and Compensation of Enforcers. The Journal of Legal Studies, 3(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1086/467507 Becker, S. O., Boeckh, K., Hainz, C., & Woessmann, L. (2016). The Empire Is Dead, Long Live the Empire! Long‐Run Persistence of Trust and Corruption in the Bureaucracy. Economic Journal, 126(590), 40–74. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12220 Becker, S. O., Egger, P. H., & Seidel, T. (2009). Common political culture: Evidence on regional corruption contagion. European Journal of Political Economy, 25(3), 300–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2008.12.002 Beekman, G., Bulte, E. H., & Nillesen, E. E. M. (2013). Corruption and economic activity: Micro level evidence from rural Liberia. European Journal of Political Economy, 30, 70. Beekman, G., Bulte, E., & Nillisen, E. (2014). Corruption, Investments and Contributions to Public Goods: Experimental Evidence from Rural Liberia. Journal of Public Economics, 115, 37–2727. Beeri, I., & Navot, D. (2013). Local Political Corruption: Potential structural malfunctions at the central–local, local–local and intra-local levels. Public Management Review, 15(5), 712–739. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2012.707682 Beesley, C. (2015). Globalization and corruption in post-Soviet countries: Perverse effects of economic openness. Eurasian Geography and Economics, 56(2), 170–192. https://doi.org/10.1080/15387216.2015.1082923 Beets, D. S. (2007). Global Corruption and Religion: An Empirical Examination. Journal of Global Ethics, 3(1), 69–85. https://doi.org/10.1080/17449620600991614

Beets, S. (2005). Understanding the Demand-Side Issues of International Corruption. Journal of Business Ethics, 57(1), 65–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-004-3824-3 Begović, B. (2006). Economic inequality and corruption [Working Paper]. The World Bank. http://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/11869517.pdf Bekesiene, S., Petrauskaite, A., & Kazlauskaite Markeliene, R. (2021). Nepotism and Related Threats to Security and Sustainability of the Country: The Case of Lithuanian Organizations. Sustainability (Basel, Switzerland), 13(3), 1536-. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031536 Belli, P., Gotsadze, G., & Shahriari, H. (2004). Out-of-pocket and informal payments in health sector: Evidence from Georgia. Health Policy, 70(1), 109–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2004.03.007 Bello, A. O. (2014a). Gift-Giving, Anti-Bribery Laws and the Nigerian Constitution: Matters Arising. 58(2), 278–302. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021855314000102 Bello, A. O. (2014b). United Nations and African Union Conventions on Corruption and Anti-corruption Legislations in Nigeria: A Comparative Analysis. African Journal of International and Comparative Law, 22(2), 308–333. https://doi.org/10.3366/ajicl.2014.0094 Belloni, R., & Strazzari, F. (2014). Corruption in post-conflict Bosnia-Herzegovina and Kosovo: A deal among friends. Third World Quarterly, 35(5), 855–871. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2014.921434 Bellos, S., & Subasat, T. (2012). Corruption and foreign direct investment: A panel gravity model approach. Bulletin of Economic Research, 64(4), 565–574. Bellver, A., & Kaufmann, D. (2005). Transparenting transparency: Initial empirics and policy applications (Working Paper MRPA Paper No. 8188). http://papers.ssrn.com/soL3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=808664 Belousova, V., Goel, R. K., & Korhonen, I. (2016). Corruption perceptions versus corruption incidence: Competition for rents across Russian regions. 40(1), 172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12197-014-9298-y Beltrán, A. (2016). Does corruption increase or decrease employment in firms? Applied Economics Letters, 23(5), 361–364. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2015.1076137 Ben Ali, M. S., & Gasmi, A. (2017). Does ICT diffusion matter for corruption? An Economic Development Perspective. Telematics and Informatics, 34(8), 1445–1453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2017.06.008 Ben Ali, M. S., & Sassi, S. (2016). The corruption-inflation nexus: Evidence from developed and 49

developing countries. The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics, 16(1), 125. Bénabou, R. (2011). Identity, morals, and taboos: Beliefs as assets. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 126(2), 805–855. Benabou, R., & Tirole, J. (2004). Willpower and Personal Rules. Journal of Political Economy, 112(4), 848–886. https://doi.org/10.1086/421167 Bendahan, S., Zehnder, C., Pralong, F. P., & Antonakis, J. (2015). Leader corruption depends on power and testosterone. The Leadership Quarterly, 26(2), 101–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2014.07.010 Benedetti, M. (2014). How Multilateral Development Banks invest corruption in their funded projects. In J.-B. Auby & E. Breen (Eds.), Corruption and Conflicts of Interest: A Comparative Law Approach (pp. 215–235). Edward Elgar. Benito, B., Guillamón, M., & Bastida, F. (2016). The Impact of Transparency on the Cost of Sovereign Debt in Times of Economic Crisis. Financial Accountability & Management, 32(3), 309–334. https://doi.org/10.1111/faam.12090 Benito, B., Guillamón, M.-D., & Bastida, F. (2015). Determinants of urban political corruption in local governments. Crime, Law and Social Change, 63(3), 191–210. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-015-9563-9 Benito, B., Guillamón, M.-D., Ríos, A.-M., & Bastida, F. (2017). Can salaries and re-election prevent political corruption? An empirical evidence. Revista de Contabilidad. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcsar.2017.04.003 Benjamin, S., Bhuvaneswari, R., & Rajan, P. (2007). Bhoomi ‘E–governance’, or, an anti–politics machine necessary to globalize Bangalore? [Working Paper]. Bennedsen, M., & Feldmann, S. (2011). Lobbying and Bribes—A Survey-Based Analysis of the Demand for Influence and Corruption [Working Paper]. Bennett, V., Pierce, L., Snyder, J., & Toffel, M. (2013). Customer-Driven Misconduct: How Competition Corrupts Business Practices. Management Science, 59(8), 1725–1742. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1120.1680 Benson, B. L. (1988). Corruption in law enforcement: One consequence of “The tragedy of the commons” arising with public allocation processes. International Review of Law & Economics, 8(1), 73–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/0144-8188(88)90016-6 Benson, B. L., & Baden, J. (1985). The Political Economy of Governmental Corruption: The Logic of Underground Government. The Journal of Legal Studies, 14(2), 391–410. https://doi.org/10.1086/467777

Bentzen, J. S. (2012). How Bad is Corruption? Cross‐country Evidence of the Impact of Corruption on Economic Prosperity. Review of Development Economics, 16(1), 167–184. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9361.2011.00653.x Benyishay, A., & Grosjean, P. (2014). Initial endowments and economic reform in 27 post-socialist countries. Journal of Comparative Economics, 42(4), 892–906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2014.04.008 Berdiev, A. N., Kim, Y., & Chang, C.-P. (2013). Remittances and corruption. Economics Letters, 118(1), 182–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2012.10.008 Berenbeim, R. (1999). Company programs for resisting corrupt practices: A global study. Conference Board. Berengaut, J., & Elborgh-Woytek, K. (2006). Who Is Still Haunted by the Specter of Communism?: Explaining Relative Output Contractions Under Transition. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 42(5), 61–80. https://doi.org/10.2753/REE1540-496X420503 Berger, P., Sheehy, E. W., Davis, K. K., & Yannett, B. E. (2007). Is that a bribe? International Financial Law Review, 1. Bergh, A., Fink, G., & Öhrvall, R. (2012). Public Sector Size and Corruption: Evidence from 290 Swedish Municipalities (IFN Working Paper 938). Bergh, A., & Öhrvall, R. (2018). A sticky trait: Social trust among Swedish expatriates in countries with varying institutional quality. Journal of Comparative Economics, . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2018.06.002 Berghoff, H. (2018). “Organised irresponsibility”? The Siemens corruption scandal of the 1990s and 2000s. Business History, 60(3), 423–445. https://doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2017.1330332 Berg-Schlosser, D. (2004). The quality of democracies in Europe as measured by current indicators of democratization and good governance. Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, 20(1), 28–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/13523270410001687091 Berkman, Ü. (1992). Bureaucracy and bribery a conceptual framework. International Journal of Public Administration, 15(6), 1345–1368. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900699208524763 Berkowitz, D., & Li, W. (2000). Tax rights in transition economies: A tragedy of the commons? Journal of Public Economics, 76(3), 369–397. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(99)00091-2 Berman, E. M. (2015). HRM in Development: Lessons and Frontiers. Public Administration and Development, 35(2), 113–127. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.1706 51

Bernardi, R. A., Delorey, E. L., Lacross, C. C., & Waite, R. A. (2003). Evidence of social desirability response bias in ethics research: An international study. The Journal of Applied Business Research, 19(3), 41–51. Bernardi, R., Witek, M., & Melton, M. (2009). A Four-Country Study of the Associations Between Bribery and Unethical Actions. Journal of Business Ethics, 84(3), 389–403. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9715-2 Bernheim, B. D., & Kartik, N. (2014). Candidates, character, and corruption. American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, 6(2), 205–246. Berninghaus, S. K., Haller, S., Krüger, T., Neumann, T., Schosser, S., & Vogt, B. (2013). Risk attitude, beliefs, and information in a Corruption Game – An experimental analysis. Journal of Economic Psychology, 34, 46–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2012.11.004 Berry, B. R. (2001). Donkeys, Elephants, and Barney Fife: Are Deputy Sheriffs Policymakers Subject to Patronage Termination? Missouri Law Review, 66, 667–959. Bersch, K. (2016). The merits of problem-solving over powering: Governance reform in Brazil and Argentina. Comparative Politics, 48(2), 205–225. Bersch, K., Praca, S., & Taylor, M. M. (2017). State Capacity, Bureaucratic Politicization, and Corruption in the Brazilian State. Governance, 30(1), 105–124. https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12196 Bertot, J. C., Jaeger, P. T., & Grimes, J. M. (2010). Using ICTs to create a culture of transparency: E-government and social media as openness and anti-corruption tools for societies. Government Information Quarterly, 27(3), 264–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2010.03.001 Bertrand, M., Djankov, S., Hanna, R., & Mullainathan, S. (2007). Obtaining a driver’s license in India an experimental approach to studying corruption. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 122(4), 1639–1676. Bertrand, M., & Mullainathan, S. (2001). Do People Mean What They Say? Implications for Subjective Survey Data. American Economic Review, 91(2), 67–72. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.91.2.67 Besley, T. (2002). The political economy of government responsiveness: Theory and evidence from India. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 117(4), 1415–1451. Besley, T., & Burgess, R. (2001). Political agency, government responsiveness and the role of the media. European Economic Review, 629. Besley, T. J. (1993). Taxes and bribery: The role of wage incentives. The Economic Journal : The Journal of the Royal Economic Society, 103(416), 119–141. 52

Besley, T., Pande, R., & Rao, V. (2012). Just Rewards? Local Politics and Public Resource Allocation in South India. World Bank Economic Review, 26(2), 191–216. https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhr039 Besley, T., & Persson, T. (2014). Why Do Developing Countries Tax So Little? The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 28(4), 99–120. Besley, T., & Prat, A. (2006). Handcuffs for the Grabbing Hand? Media Capture and Government Accountability. American Economic Review, 96(3), 720–736. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.96.3.720 Best, R., & Zhang, Q. Y. (2020). What explains carbon-pricing variation between countries? Energy Policy, 143, 111541-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111541 Betances, E. (2020). The Rise and Fall of Marcha Verde in the Dominican Republic. Latin American Perspectives, 47(5), 20–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582X20939100 Bethencourt, C., & Perera‐Tallo, F. (2015). Declining Predation during Development: A Feedback Process. Economica, 82(326), 253–294. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecca.12105 Beyerle, S. M. (2014). Curtailing corruption: People power for accountability and justice. Lynne Rienner. Bhagwati, J. N. (1982). Directly Unproductive, Profit-Seeking (DUP) Activities. Journal of Political Economy, 90(5), 988–1002. https://doi.org/10.1086/261104 Bharara, P. (2015). Symposium: Fighting Corruption in America and Abroad. Fordham Law Review, 84(2), 601–610. Bhargava, V. K., & Bolongaita, E. P. (2004). Challenging corruption in Asia: Case studies and a framework for action. World Bank. Bhatnagar, S. (2013). E-Governance: Can It Be a Potent Tool to Fight Corruption? In S. Paul (Ed.), Fighting Corruption: The Way Forward. Public Affairs Center. Bhatnagar, S. C., & Singh, N. (2010). Assessing the Impact of E-government: A Study of Projects in India. Information Technologies & International Development, 6(2), pp-109. Bhattacharyya, S., & Hodler, R. (2015). Media freedom and democracy in the fight against corruption. European Journal of Political Economy, 39, 13–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2015.03.004 Bhattarai, P. C. (2009). Countering corruption: Globally or locally. Nepalese Journal of Public Policy and Governance, 24(1), 89–98. Bhaumik, S. K., & Dimova, R. (2014). Good and bad institutions: Is the debate over? Cross-country firm-level evidence from the textile industry. Cambridge Journal Of 53

Economics, 38(1), 109–126. https://doi.org/10.1093/cje/bes089 Bhavnani, R. R. (2012). Using Asset Disclosures to Study Politicians Rents: An Application to India [Working Paper]. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTABCDE/Resources/7455676-1315933592317/81 43947-1335963402037/8622235-1336401580364/Session-4-Rikhil_Bhavnani.pdf Bhavnani, R. R., & Condra, L. N. (2012). Why People Vote for Corrupt Politicians [Working Paper]. http://r4d.dfid.gov.uk/pdf/outputs/IGC/Bhavnani-Condra-2012-Working-Paper.pdf Bhojwani, R. (2012). Deterring global bribery: Where public and private enforcement collide. Columbia Law Review, 112(1), 66–111. Bhuiyan, S. (2010). E-Government in Kazakhstan: Challenges and Its Role to Development. Public Organization Review, 10(1), 31–47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-009-0087-6 Bialos, J. P., & Husisian, G. (1997). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: Coping with Corruption in Transitional Economies. Oceana Publications. Bicchieri, C., & Duffy, J. (1997). Corruption Cycles. Political Studies, 45(3), 477–495. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00092 Bicchieri, C., & Xiao, E. (2009). Do the right thing: But only if others do so. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 22(2), 191–208. https://doi.org/10.1002/bdm.621 Biddulph, R. (2014). Can elite corruption be a legitimate Machiavellian tool in an unruly world? The case of post-conflict Cambodia. Third World Quarterly, 35(5), 872–887. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2014.921435 Bierstaker, J. L. (2009). Differences in attitudes about fraud and corruption across cultures; Theory, examples and recommendations. Cross Cultural Management, 16(3), 241–250. https://doi.org/10.1108/13527600910977337 Bigge, D., & Gans, K. (2013). The Potential for Arbitrators to Refer Suspicions of Corruption to Domestic Authorities. Transnational Dispute Management (TDM), 10(3). http://www.transnational-dispute-management.com/article.asp?key=1955 Billger, S. M., & Goel, R. K. (2009). Do existing corruption levels matter in controlling corruption?: Cross-country quantile regression estimates. Journal of Development Economics, 90(2), 299–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2008.07.006 Bilotkach, V. (2006). A tax evasion--bribery game: Experimental evidence from Ukraine. The European Journal of Comparative Economics, 3(1), 31. Birch, Sara. (2007). Electoral systems and the manipulation of elections. Comparative Political

Studies, 40(12), 1533–1556. Birch, Sarah. (2009). Full Participation: A Comparative Study of Compulsory Voting. Manchester University Press. Birch, Sarah, & Allen, N. (2015). Judging politicians: The role of political attentiveness in shaping how people evaluate the ethical behaviour of their leaders. European Journal of Political Research, 54(1), 43–60. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12066 Bird, R. M., Martinez-Vazquez, J., & Torgler, B. (2008). Tax Effort in Developing Countries and High Income Countries: The Impact of Corruption, Voice and Accountability. Economic Analysis and Policy, 38(1), 55–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0313-5926(08)50006-3 Birdsall, N., Kenny, C., & Diofasi, A. (2018). What Drives Citizen Perceptions of Government Corruption? National Income, Petty Bribe Payments and the Unknown. In Institutions, Governance and the Control of Corruption (pp. 285–334). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65684-7_10 Birney, M. (2014). Decentralization and Veiled Corruption under China’s “Rule of Mandates.” World Development, 53, 55–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2013.01.006 Bishara, N. D. (2011). Governance and corruption constraints in the middle east: Overcoming the business ethics glass ceiling. American Business Law Journal : The Official Publication of the American Business Law Association, 48(2), 227–283. Bishara, N. D., & Schipani, C. A. (2009). Strengthening the ties that bind: Preventing corruption in the executive suite. Journal of Business Ethics, 88(4), 765–780. Bishara, N., & Hess, D. (2013). Human Rights and a Corporation’s Duty to Combat Corruption. In R. Bird, D. Cahoy, & J. Prenkert (Eds.), Law, Business and Human Rights: Bridging the Gap. Edward Elgar. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2388395 Bishara, N., & Hess, D. (2014). Will an FCPA Compliance Defense Improve Compliance with the FCPA?: An Exploration of the Issues. In P. Nichols (Ed.), Corruption, Business Law, and Business Ethics. University of Chicago Press. Bishop, D. (2010). Toward a More Flexible Approach to the International Legal Consequences of Corruption. ICSID Review, 25(1), 63–66. https://doi.org/10.1093/icsidreview/25.1.63 Bitzenis, A., Vlachos, V., & Schneider, F. (2016). An Exploration of the Greek Shadow Economy: Can Its Transfer into the Official Economy Provide Economic Relief Amid the Crisis? Journal of Economic Issues, 50(1), 165–196. https://doi.org/10.1080/00213624.2016.1147918 Bixby, M. B. (2010). The lion awakens: The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act - 1977 to 2010. San Diego International Law Journal, 12(1), 89–145. 55

Bjarnegard, E. (2008). Gender and Corruption: Reversing the Causal Direction.’ [Working Paper]. Bjarnegard, E. (2013). Gender, informal institutions and political recruitment: Explaining male dominance in parliamentary representation. Springer. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=SU36FqyITNAC&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq =Bjarnegard,+Elin.+2012.+Gender,+Informal+Institutions+and+Political+Recruitment:+ Explaining+Male+Dominance+in+Parliamentary+Representation+&ots=bXiUoxuzpJ&si g=w1qYrrLWhZbZV6gORg1WGgrtaAo Bjørkelo, B. (2013). Workplace bullying after whistleblowing: Future research and implications. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 28(3), 306–323. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683941311321178 Björkman, M. (2007). Does Money Matter for Student Performance? Evidence from a Grant Program in Uganda (IGIER Working Paper No. 326). ftp://ftp.igier.unibocconi.it/wp/2007/326.pdf Björkman, M. (2009). Power to the people: Evidence from a randomized field experiment on community-based monitoring in Uganda. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 124(2), 735–769. Björkman, M. (2010). When is community-based monitoring effective?: Evidence from a randomized experiment in primary health in Uganda. Journal of the European Economic Association, 8(2), 571–581. Bjorkman Nyqvist, M., De Walque, D., & Svensson, J. (2014). Information is power: Experimental evidence on the long-run impact of community based monitoring. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, 7015. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2487613 Bjørnskov, C. (2003a). Corruption and social capital (Working Paper 03-13). Citeseer. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.468.9082&rep=rep1&type=pdf Bjørnskov, C. (2003b). The Happy Few: Cross–Country Evidence on Social Capital and Life Satisfaction. Kyklos, 56(1), 3–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6435.00207 Bjørnskov, C. (2011). Combating Corruption: On the Interplay between Institutional Quality and Social Trust. The Journal of Law & Economics, 54(1), 135–159. https://doi.org/10.1086/652421 Bjørnskov, C. (2012). Can bribes buy protection against international competition? Review of World Economics, 148(4), 751–775. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10290-012-0128-z Bjorvatn, K., Farzanegan, M. R., & Schneider, F. (2012). Resource curse and power balance:

Evidence from oil-rich countries. World Development, 40(7), 1308–1316. Bjorvatn, K., & Søreide, T. (2014). Corruption and competition for resources. International Tax and Public Finance, 21(6), 997–1011. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10797-013-9292-x Bjorvatn, K., Torsvik, G., & Tungodden, B. (2005). How middle-men can undermine anti-corruption reforms (CMI Working Papers WP 2005). Chr. Michelsen Institute. http://bora.cmi.no/dspace/handle/10202/93 Black, B. (2012). The SEC and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: Fighting Global Corruption Is Not Part of the SEC’s Mission. Ohio State Law Journal, 73, 1093–1485. Blackburn, K., Bose, N., & Emranul Haque, M. (2006). The incidence and persistence of corruption in economic development. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 30(12), 2447–2467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jedc.2005.07.007 Blackburn, K., Bose, N., & Haque, M. E. (2010). Endogenous corruption in economic development. Journal of Economic Studies, 37(1), 4–25. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443581011012234 Blackburn, K., & Forgues-Puccio, G. F. (2007). Distribution and development in a model of misgovernance. European Economic Review, 51(6), 1534–1563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2006.10.003 Blackburn, K., & Forgues-Puccio, G. F. (2009). Why is corruption less harmful in some countries than in others? Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 72(3), 797–810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2009.08.009 Blackburn, K., & Forgues-Puccio, G. F. (2010). Financial liberalization, bureaucratic corruption and economic development. Journal of International Money and Finance, 29(7), 1321–1339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2010.05.002 Blackburn, K., Neanidis, K. C., & Haque, M. E. (2008). Corruption, seigniorage and growth: Theory and evidence. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1173622 Blackburn, K., & Powell, J. (2011). Corruption, inflation and growth. Economics Letters, 113(3), 225–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2011.06.015 Blackburn, K., & Sarmah, R. (2008). Corruption, development and demography. Economics of Governance, 9(4), 341–362. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-007-0045-0 Blagojević, S., & Damijan, Jožep. (2013). The impact of corruption and ownership on the performance of firms in Central and Eastern Europe. Post-Communist Economies, 25(2), 133–158. https://doi.org/10.1080/14631377.2013.787734 Blake, Charlesh., & Martin, Christopherg. (2006). The dynamics of political corruption:

Re-examining the influence of democracy. Democratization, 13(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510340500378191 Blanchard, O. (Olivier J. ), & Shleifer, A. (2000). Federalism with and without political centralization: China versus Russia. IMF Staff Papers, 48(4), 171–179. Blanco, L., PhD, MBA. (2016). The Impact of Judicial Reform on Crime Victimization and Trust in Institutions in Mexico. Violence and Victims, 31(1), 27–50. https://doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.VV-D-14-00004 Blanco, L. R., Nugent, J. B., & O’Connor, K. J. (2015). Oil Curse and Institutional Changes: Which Institutions are most Vulnerable to the Curse and Under what Circumstances? Contemporary Economic Policy, 33(2), 229–249. https://doi.org/10.1111/coep.12077 Bland, G. (2014). Measuring Subnational Government Corruption in the Developing World. Public Integrity, 16(3), 265–284. https://doi.org/10.2753/PIN1099-9922160303 Blazejewski, K. S. (2008). The FATF and its Institutional Partners: Improving the Effectiveness and Accountability of Transgovernmental Networks. Temple International & Comparative Law Journal, 22, 1–523. Blechinger, V. (1999). Changes in the handling of corruption scandals in Japan since 1994. Asia-Pacific Review, 6(2), 42–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/13439009908720016 Bliss, C., & Tella, R. D. (1997). Does Competition Kill Corruption? Journal of Political Economy, 105(5), 1001–1023. https://doi.org/10.1086/262102 Bloom, B. (2014). Criminalizing Kleptocracy? The ICC as a Viable Tool in the Fight Against Grand Corruption. American University International Law Review, 29(3), 627–671. Blount, J., & Markel, S. (2012). The end of the internal compliance world as we know it, or an enhancement of the effectiveness of securities law enforcement? Bounty hunting under the Dodd-Frank Act’s whistleblower provisions. Fordham Journal of Corporate & Financial Law, 17(4), 1023–1062. Blume, L., & Voigt, S. (2011). Does organizational design of supreme audit institutions matter? A cross-country assessment. European Journal of Political Economy, 27(2), 215–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2010.07.001 Blumkin, T., & Gradstein, M. (2002). Transparency Gloves for Grabbing Hands? Politics and (Mis)Governance. 3668. Blundo, G. (2007). Hidden Acts, Open Talks: How Anthropology Can ‘Observe’ and Describe Corruption. In M. Nuijten & G. Anders (Eds.), Corruption and the secret of law: A legal anthropological perspective. Ashgate.

Blundo, G., & Olivier de Sardan, J.-P. (Eds.). (2006a). Everyday corruption and the state: Citizens and public officials in Africa. David Philip. Blundo, G., & Olivier de Sardan, J.-P. (2006b). Why Should We Study Everyday Corruption and How Should We Go About It? In J.-P. Olivier de Sardan & G. Blundo (Eds.), Everyday corruption and the state: Citizens and public officials in Africa. David Philip. Bobkova, N., & Egbert, H. (2013). Corruption investigated in the lab: A survey of the experimental literature. International Journal of Latest Trends in Finance and Economic Sciences, 2(4), 337–349. Boehm, Frédéric. (2008). Risks and Challenges of Corruption in Developing Countries’ Infrastructures. Network Industries Quarterly, 10(2), 4–6. Boehm, Frédéric. (2009). Anti-corruption in regulation-a safeguard for infrastructure reforms. Competition & Reg. Network Indus., 10, 45. Boehm, Frédéric. (2011). Is there an anti-corruption agenda in regulation? Insights from Colombian and Zambian water regulation. In S. Rose-Ackerman (Ed.), International handbook on the economics of corruption (p. 299). https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=QbZEbihNOfUC&oi=fnd&pg=PA299& dq=Boehm,+Frederic.+2011.+%E2%80%9CIs+There+an+Anti-Corruption+Agenda+in+ Regulation%3F+Insights+from+Colombian+and+Zambian+Water+Regulation,%E2%80 %9D+in+Susan+Rose-Ackerman+%26+Tina+Soreide+eds.,+International+Handbook+o n+the+Economics+of+Corruption+II+(Edward+Elgar+Publishi&ots=dGIjHReHVY&sig =aQQthlgrOchZE6-6M5D5ir1WB7M Boehm, Frédéric, & Olaya, J. (2006). Corruption in Public Contracting Auctions: The Role of Transparency in Bidding Processes. Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, 77(4), 431–452. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8292.2006.00314.x Boehm, Frederic, Olaya, J., & Polanco, J. (2005). Privatization and Corruption. In E. U. von (Ernst U. Weizsäcker, O. R. Young, M. Finger, & Club of Rome (Eds.), Limits to privatization: How to avoid too much of a good thing: A report to the Club of Rome. Earthscan. Boerner, K., & Hainz, C. (2009). The political economy of corruption and the role of economic opportunities 1. Economics of Transition, 17(2), 213–240. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0351.2009.00354.x Boersma, M. (2012). Corruption: A violation of human rights and a crime under international law? Intersentia. Boettke, P., Chamlee-Wright, E., Gordon, P., Ikeda, S., Leeson, P. T., & Sobel, R. (2007). The political, economic, and social aspects of Katrina.(Symposium)(Author abstract)(Report). 59

Southern Economic Journal, 74(2), 363. Boffa, F., Piolatto, A., & Ponzetto, G. (2016). Political Centralization and Government Accountability*. Quarterly Journal of Economics; Q.J.Econ., 131(1), 381–422. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjv035 Bohara, A. K., Mitchell, N. J., & Mittendorff, C. F. (2004). Compound Democracy and the Control of Corruption: A Cross‐Country Investigation. Policy Studies Journal, 32(4), 481–499. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.2004.00077.x Bohn, S. (2013). Justifying Corrupt Exchanges: Rational-Choice Corruptors. Zeitschrift Für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft, 7(1), 159–182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12286-013-0166-5 Bokor, T. (2018). Wood for the trees: Perception of corruption among Hungarian youth. Society and Economy, 40(3), 377–387. https://doi.org/10.1556/204.2018.40.3.5 Boles, J. (2014). Examining the Lax Treatment of Commercial Bribery in the United States: A Prescription for Reform. American Business Law Journal, 51(1), 119–174. https://doi.org/10.1111/ablj.12020 Bologna, J. (2014). Is the Internet an effective mechanism for reducing corruption experience? Evidence from a cross-section of countries. APPLIED ECONOMICS LETTERS, 21(10), 687–691. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2014.884692 Bologna, Jamie. (2017). Contagious corruption, informal employment, and income: Evidence from Brazilian municipalities. The Annals of Regional Science, 58(1), 67–118. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00168-016-0786-1 Bologna, Jamie, & Ross, A. (2015). Corruption and entrepreneurship: Evidence from Brazilian municipalities. Public Choice, 165(1), 59–77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-015-0292-5 Bolongaita, E. P. (2005). Controlling corruption in post-conflict countries (No. 26; Kroc Institute Occasional Paper). Kroc Institute. Bolongaita, E. P. (2010). An Exception to the Rule? Why Indonesia’s Anti-Corruption Commission Succeeds Where Others Don’t – A Comparison with the Philippines Ombudsman. Anti-Corruption Research Centre U4, Bergen (Norway). Boly, A. (2011). On the incentive effects of monitoring: Evidence from the lab and the field. Experimental Economics, 14(2), 241–253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10683-010-9265-1 Boly, A., & Gillanders, R. (2018). Anti-corruption policy making, discretionary power and institutional quality: An experimental analysis. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 152, 314–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2018.05.007

Bonaglia, F., Braga de Macedo, J., & Bussolo, M. (2001). How Globalisation Improves Governance. IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc. Bond, P. (2008). Persistent Court Corruption. Economic Journal, 118(531), 1333–1353. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2008.02172.x Bonga, W. G. (2014). An Empirical Investigation of the Nature of Corruption in Zimbabwe. Bonilla-Chacin, M. E., Murrugarra, E., & Temourov, M. (2005). Health Care during Transition and Health Systems Reform: Evidence from the Poorest CIS Countries. Social Policy & Administration, 39(4), 381–408. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9515.2005.00446.x Bonneau, J. (2011). Combating foreign bribery: Legislative reform in the United Kingdom and prospects for increased global enforcement. Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, 49(2). Bonnet, C., Dubois, P., Martimort, D., & Straub, S. (2012). Empirical Evidence on Satisfaction with Privatization in Latin America. World Bank Economic Review, 26(1), 1–33. https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhr037 Bonstead, C. (2014). Removing the Fcpa Facilitation Payments Exception: Enforcement Tools for a Cleaner Business as Usual. Houston Journal of International Law, 36(2), 503–533. Booth, D., & Golooba-Mutebi, F. (2012). Developmental patrimonialism? The case of Rwanda. African Affairs, 111(444), 379–403. https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/ads026 Booth, J. A. (2009). The legitimacy puzzle in Latin America: Political support and democracy in eight nations. Cambridge University Press. Borcan, O., Lindahl, M., & Mitrut, A. (2014). The Impact of an Unexpected Wage Cut on Corruption: Evidence from a “Xeroxed” Exam. Journal of Public Economics, 120(Journal Article), 32–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2014.08.003 Border, K., & Sobel, J. (1987). Samurai accountant—A theory of auditing and plunder. Review of Economic Studies, liv(180), 525–540. Borisova, E. A. (2014). An Analysis of the Mechanisms of the Social Control of Corruption in the Higher Education System. Russian Education & Society, 56(4), 27–39. https://doi.org/10.2753/RES1060-9393560402 Borja, K. (2020). Remittances, Corruption, and Human Development in Latin America. Studies in Comparative International Development, 55(3), 305–327. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12116-020-09299-1 Borzel, T. A., & Hullen, V. (2014). State-Building and the European Union’s Fight against Corruption in the Southern Caucasus: Why Legitimacy Matters. Governance, 27(4),

613–634. https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12068 Börzel, T. A., & Langbein, J. (2019). Core–periphery disparities in Europe: Is there a link between political and economic divergence? West European Politics, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2018.1558534 Börzel, Tanjaa., & Pamuk, Y. (2012). Pathologies of Europeanisation: Fighting Corruption in the Southern Caucasus. West European Politics, 35(1), 79–97. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2012.631315 Börzel, Tanjaa., Stahn, A., & Pamuk, Y. (2010). The European Union and the fight against corruption in its near abroad: Can it make a difference? Global Crime, 11(2), 122–144. https://doi.org/10.1080/17440571003669142 Boschini, A. D., Pettersson, J., & Roine, J. (2007). Resource Curse or Not: A Question of Appropriability*. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 109(3), 593–617. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9442.2007.00509.x Boschini, A., Pettersson, J., & Roine, J. (2013). The Resource Curse and its Potential Reversal. World Development, 43, 19–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.10.007 Bosco, B. (2016). Old and new factors affecting corruption in Europe: Evidence from panel data. Economic Analysis and Policy, 51(Journal Article), 66–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2016.06.002 Bose, G. (2004). Bureaucratic delays and bribe-taking. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 54(3), 313–320. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2681(03)00088-X Bose, G. (2010). Aspects of bureaucratic corruption (UNSW Australian School of Business Research Paper). Bose, G., & Gangopadhyay, S. (2009). Intermediation in corruption markets. Indian Growth and Development Review, 2(1), 39–55. https://doi.org/10.1108/17538250910953453 Bose, N., Capasso, S., & Murshid, A. P. (2008). Threshold Effects of Corruption: Theory and Evidence. World Development, 36(7), 1173–1191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2007.06.022 Bose, P. (1995). Industrial Licensing, Bribery and Allocation Efficiency. Bulletin of Economic Research, 47(1), 85–88. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8586.1995.tb00603.x Bose, P., & Echazu, L. (2007). Corruption with heterogeneous enforcement agents in the shadow economy.(Author abstract). Journal of Institutional & Theoretical Economics, 163(2), 285. Bostock, W. (2012). The Effects of Corruption on the Collective Mental State of Organisations.

GSTF Journal of Law and Social Sciences (JLSS), 1(2), 69–73. Boswell, N. Z. (1996a). Combating Corruption: Are International Institutions Doing Their Job? Proceedings of the Annual Meeting (American Society of International Law), 90, 98–105. Boswell, N. Z. (1996b). Combating Corruption: Focus on Latin America. 3, 179–487. Boswell, N. Z. (1997). An emerging consensus on controlling corruption. Journal of International Economic Law, 18(4), 1165–1176. Boswell, N. Z. (1999). The law, expectation and reality in the marketplace: The problems of and responses to corruption. Law and Policy in International Business, 30, 139–145. Bota-Avram, C. (2014). Good Governance and Doing Business: Evidence from a Cross-Country Survey. Transylvanian Review Of Administrative Sciences, 41E, 27–45. Botello, N. A. (2000). “Everything in This Job Is Money”: Inside the Mexican police. World Policy Journal, 17(3), 61–67. Botero, J., Ponce, A., & Shleifer, A. (2013). Education, Complaints, and Accountability. Journal of Law and Economics, 56(4), 959–996. https://doi.org/10.1086/674133 Botero, S., Cornejo, R. C., Gamboa, L., Pavao, N., & Nickerson, D. W. (2015). Says Who? An Experiment on Allegations of Corruption and Credibility of Sources. 68(3), 493–504. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912915591607 Boucher, A., Durch, W., Midyette, M., Rose, S., & Terry, J. (2007). Mapping and Fighting Corruption in War-Torn States. Boutros, A., & Funk, T. (2018). Re-Examining “Carbon Copy” Prosecutions: A Look Back and Spring Forward. Defense Counsel Journal, 85(3), 1–10. Boutros, A. S., & Funk, M. (2012). “Carbon copy” prosecutions: A growing anticorruption phenomenon in a shrinking world. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 259–298. Bowers, J. (Ed.). (2007). Whistleblowing: Law and practice. Oxford University Press. Bowler, S., & Karp, J. (2004). Politicians, Scandals, and Trust in Government. Political Behavior, 26(3), 271–287. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:POBE.0000043456.87303.3a Bowles, R., & Garoupa, N. (1997). Casual police corruption and the economics of crime. International Review of Law & Economics, 17(1), 75–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0144-8188(96)00056-7 Bowman, C. G. (1991). “We Don’t Want Anybody Anybody Sent”: The Death of Patronage Hiring in Chicago. Northwestern University Law Review, 86(1), 12–47. Bowornwathana, B. (2004). Thaksin’s model of government reform: Prime Ministerialisation 63

through “a country is my company” approach. Asian Journal of Political Science, 12(1), 135–153. https://doi.org/10.1080/02185370408434237 Bowser, D. (2001). Corruption, Trust, and the Danger to Democratisation in the Former Soviet Union. In D. Lovell (Ed.), The Transition: Essays on Post-Communism. Ashgate. Boyd, B. M. (2005). Governmental Corruption in China: Application of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Santa Clara Journal of International Law, 3, 235-. Boylan, R., & Long, C. (2003). Measuring public corruption in the American states: A survey of State House reporters. State Politics and Policy Quarterly, 3(4), 420–438. Boylan, S. P. (1995). Organized Crime and Corruption in Russia: Implications for US and International Law. Fordham Int’l LJ, 19, 1999. Bracking, S. (2007). Political Development and Corruption: Why ‘Right Here, Right Now!’? In S. Bracking (Ed.), Corruption and development: The anti-corruption campaigns (pp. 3–27). Palgrave Macmillan. Bracking, S. (2015). Corruption and Development: The Mutable Edges of Morality in Modern Markets. In P. M. Heywood (Ed.), Routledge Handbook of Political Corruption. Routledge. Brademas, J., & Heimann, F. (1998). Tackling international corruption: No longer taboo. Foreign Affairs, 77(5), 17–22. Bradley, C. (1988). Mail Fraud After McNally And Carpenter: The Essence Of Fraud. Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 79(3), 573–622. Braguinsky, S., & Mityakov, S. (2015). Foreign corporations and the culture of transparency: Evidence from Russian administrative data. Journal of Financial Economics; J.Financ.Econ., 117(1), 139–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2013.02.016 Braguinsky, Serguey. (1996). Corruption and Schumpeterian Growth in Different Economic Environments. Contemporary Economic Policy, 14(3), 14–25. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7287.1996.tb00620.x Braguinsky, Serguey, Mityakov, S., & Liscovich, A. (2014). Direct Estimation of Hidden Earnings: Evidence from Russian Administrative Data. Journal of Law and Economics, 57(2), 281–319. https://doi.org/10.1086/675943 Braithwaite, J. (1982). Enforced Self-Regulation: A New Strategy for Corporate Crime Control. Michigan Law Review, 80(7), 1466–1507. https://doi.org/10.2307/1288556 Braithwaite, J. (2000). Global business regulation. Cambridge University Press. Branco, M. C., & Matos, D. (2016). The fight against corruption in Portugal: Evidence from 64

sustainability reports. Journal of Financial Crime, 23(1), 132–142. Branisa, B., & Ziegler, M. (2010). Reexamining the link between gender and corruption: The role of social institutions. IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc. Branstetter, J. (2005). Darleen Druyun: An Evolving Case Study of Corruption, Power, and Procurement. Public Contract Law Journal, 34(3), 443–468. Brass, D. J., Butterfield, K. D., & Skaggs, B. C. (1998). Relationships and Unethical Behavior: A Social Network Perspective. The Academy of Management Review, 23(1), 14–31. Bratsis, P. (2014). Political Corruption in the Age of Transnational Capitalism. Historical Materialism, 22(1), 105–128. https://doi.org/10.1163/1569206X-12341334 Bratton, M. (2007a). Are you being served?: Popular satisfaction with health and education services in africa (Afrobarometer). Bratton, M. (2007b). The Democracy Barometers: Formal versus Informal Institutions in Africa. Journal of Democracy, 18(3), 96–110. Braun, M., & Di Tella, R. (2004). Inflation, Inflation Variability, and Corruption. Economics & Politics, 16(1), 77–100. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0343.2004.00132.x Bray, J. (2005). The Use of Intermediaries and Other Alternatives to Bribery. In J. Lambsdorff, M. Taube, & M. Schramm (Eds.), The new institutional economics of corruption. Routledge. Bray, J. (2006). Agents, Consultants and Joint-Venture Partners in International Business Transactions. In B. Errath (Ed.), Business Against Corruption—Case Stories and Examples (Vol. 1, pp. 108–118). United Nations Global Compact OFfice. Breen, M., & Gillanders, R. (2015). Political Trust, Corruption, and Ratings of the IMF and the World Bank. International Interactions, 41(2), 337–364. https://doi.org/10.1080/03050629.2014.948154 Breit, E., Lennerfors, T. T., & Olaison, L. (2016). Critiquing corruption: A turn to theory (special issue editorial). Journal Article. Breusch, T. (2006). The Canadian Underground Economy: An Examination of Giles and Tedds (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 876661). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=876661 Brew, P., & Moberg, J. (2006). The Power of Joining Forces – the Case for Collective Action in Fighting CorruptionAgents, Consultants and Joint-Venture Partners in International Business Transactions. In B. Errath (Ed.), Business Against Corruption—Case Stories and Examples (Vol. 1, pp. 128–133). United Nations Global Compact OFfice.

Brewer, G., Choi, Y., & Walker, R. (2007). Accountability, Corruption and Government Effectiveness in Asia: An Exploration of World Bank Governance Indicators. 8(2), 200–225. Brewster, R. (2014). The domestic and international enforcement of the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention. (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) (Symposium: ’The Economic Foundations of International Law’). Chicago Journal of International Law, 15(1), 84–109. Brianzoni, S., Coppier, R., & Michetti, E. (2015). Multiple equilibria in a discrete time growth model with corruption in public procurement. Quality & Quantity; Qual.Quant., 49(6), 2387–2410. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-014-0119-3 Bridges, M. (1993). Release the gags: The Hatch Act and current legislative reform—Another voice for reform. Capital University Law Review, 22(1), 237–278. Brief, A. P., Buttram, R. T., & Dukerich, J. M. (2001). Collective Corruption in the Corporate World: Toward a Process Model. In M. E. Turner (Ed.), Groups at work: Theory and research (pp. 471–499). L. Erlbaum. Briffault, R. M. (2001). Nixon v. Shrink Missouri Government PAC: the beginning of the end of the Buckley era?(Freedom of Expressive Association). Minnesota Law Review, 85(6), 1729–1771. Brinegar, A. (2003). Political reformers and anti-corruption preferences in Latin America [Working Paper]. Brinegar, A. (2009a). Evaluating Citizen Attitudes about Corruption in Chile. In C. H. Blake & S. D. Morris (Eds.), Corruption and democracy in Latin America (pp. 131–149). University of Pittsburgh Press. Brinegar, A. (2009b). Public Attitudes Toward Corruption. In C. H. Blake & S. D. Morris (Eds.), Corruption and democracy in Latin America (pp. 94–110). University of Pittsburgh Press. Brinkerhoff, D. W. (2000). Assessing political will for anti‐corruption efforts: An analytic framework. Public Administration and Development, 20(3), 239–252. https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-162X(200008)20:3<239::AID-PAD138>3.0.CO Brinkerhoff, D. W. (2010). Unpacking the concept of political will to confront corruption. U4 Brief, 1. Brinkerhoff, D. W., & Goldsmith, A. A. (2005). Institutional dualism and international development.(foreign assistance, type of governance, corruption and responsibility). Administration & Society, 37(2), 199.

Broadhurst, R., & Wang, P. (2014). After the Bo Xilai Trial: Does corruption threaten China’s future? Survival, 56(3), 157–178. Broadman, Harry, & Recanatini, F. (2001). Seeds of Corruption – Do Market Institutions Matter? MOST: Economic Policy in Transitional Economies, 11(4), 359–392. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015264312632 Broadman, Harryg., & Recanatini, F. (2002). Corruption and Policy: Back to the Roots. The Journal of Policy Reform, 5(1), 37–49. https://doi.org/10.1080/13841280212381 Brody, R., Coulter, J., & Lin, S. (1999). The Effect of National Culture on Whistle-Blowing Perceptions. Teaching Business Ethics, 3(4), 383–398. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009895700644 Brollo, F. (2012). Why Do Voters Punish Corrupt Politicians? Evidence from the Brazilian Anti-corruption Program (Evidence from the Brazilian Anti-Corruption Program (May 30, 2012)). Brollo, F., Nannicini, T., Perotti, R., & Tabellini, G. (2013). The Political Resource Curse. American Economic Review, 103(5), 1759–1796. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.103.5.1759 Brollo, F., & Troiano, U. (2016). What happens when a woman wins an election? Evidence from close races in Brazil. Journal of Development Economics, 122, 28–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2016.04.003 Brooks, A. (2002). Does civil society stop the downward spiral of bad government or speed it up? Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 31(1), 140–144. Brooks, A. R. (2010). A Corporate Catch-22: How Deferred and Non-Prosecution Agreements Impede the Full Development of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Journal of Law, Economics & Policy, 7, 137–162. Brophy, S. (2008). Mexico: Cartels, corruption and cocaine: A profile of the Gulf cartel. Global Crime, 9(3), 248–261. https://doi.org/10.1080/17440570802254353 Brouthers, L. E., Gao, Y., & Mcnicol, J. P. (2008). Corruption and market attractiveness influences on different types of FDI. Strategic Management Journal, 29(6), 673–680. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.669 Brown, A. J. (2006). What are we Trying to Measure? Reviewing the Basics of Corruption Definition. In C. J. G. (Charles J. G. ) Sampford (Ed.), Measuring corruption (pp. 57–79). Ashgate. Brown, D. S., Touchton, M., & Whitford, A. (2011). Political Polarization as a Constraint on Corruption: A Cross-national Comparison. World Development, 39(9), 1516–1529. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.02.006 67

Brown, E., & Cloke, J. (2004). Neoliberal Reform, Governance and Corruption in the South: Assessing the International Anti‐Corruption Crusade. Antipode, 36(2), 272–294. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8330.2004.00406.x Brown, E., & Cloke, J. (2011). Critical perspectives on corruption: An overview. Critical Perspectives on International Business, 7(2), 116–124. http://dx.doi.org.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/10.1108/17422041111128203 Brown, E., Cloke, J., & Rocha, J. L. (2007). Governance, Neoliberalism and Corruption in Nicaragua. In S. Bracking (Ed.), Corruption and development: The anti-corruption campaigns (pp. 182–202). Palgrave Macmillan. Brown, G. D. (1997). Should Federalism Shield Corruption? Mail Fraud, State Law and Post-Lopez Analysis. Cornell Law Review, 82, 225–1532. Brown, G. D. (1998). Stealth statute—Corruption, the spending power, and the rise of 18 U.S.C. 666. Notre Dame Law Review, 73(2), 247–313. Brown, G. D. (1999). The ethics backlash and the Independent Counsel statute. Rutgers Law Review, 51(2), 433–491. Brown, G. D. (2000). Putting Watergate behind us: Salinas, Sun-Diamond, and two views of the anticorruption model. Tulane Law Review, 74(3), 747–813. Brown, G. D. (2003). New federalism’s unanswered question: Who should prosecute state and local officials for political corruption? Washington and Lee Law Review, 60(2), 417–511. Brown, G. D. (2005). Carte Blanche: Federal prosecution of state and local officials after Sabri. Catholic University Law Review, 54(2), 403–443. Brown, G. D. (2006). The gratuities debate and campaign reform: How strong is the link?(Public Corruption Symposium). Wayne Law Review, 52(4), 1371–1413. Brown, G. D. (2015). Applying Citizens United to ordinary corruption: With a note on Blagojevich, McDonnell, and the criminalization of politics.(Abstract through II. The Court’s Jurisprudence in the Two Contexts and the Thesis That They Rest on Similar Premises B. The Supreme Court and Ordinary Corruption—Four Key Cases 3. The Hobbs Act Extortion Decisions and the Crucial Distinction Between the Electoral and Ordinary Corruption Contexts a. McCormick, p. 177-207). Notre Dame Law Review, 91(1), 177. Brown, H. L. (n.d.). The Extraterritorial Reach of the US Government’s Campaign Against International Bribery’(1999). Hastings International and Comparative Law Review, 407. Brown, H. L. (1998). Parent-subsidiary liability under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Baylor Law Review, 50(1), 1–63. 68

Brown, H. L. (2001). Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Under the 1998 Amendments to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: Does the Government’s Reach Now Exceed Its Grasp? North Carolina Journal of International Law & Commercial Regulation, 26, 239–360. Brown, J., & Loosemore, M. (2015). Behavioural factors influencing corrupt action in the Australian construction industry. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 22(4), 372–389. Brown, M. E., & Treviño, L. K. (2006). Ethical leadership: A review and future directions. The Leadership Quarterly, 17(6), 595–616. Brown, M. E., Treviño, L. K., & Harrison, D. A. (2005). Ethical leadership: A social learning perspective for construct development and testing. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 97(2), 117–134. Brown, R. A. (2006). Indonesian corporations, cronyism, and corruption. Modern Asian Studies, 40(04), 953–992. Brown, S. F., & Shackman, J. (2007). Corruption and Related Socioeconomic Factors: A Time Series Study. Kyklos, 60(3), 319–347. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.2007.00374.x Bruckner, T. (2011). Accountability in international aid: The case of Georgia. Brueckner, J. K. (2000). Fiscal decentralization in developing countries: The effects of local corruption and tax evasion. Annals of Economics and Finance, 1(1), 1–18. Bruner, F.-H. (2006). European Union Initiatives in the Fight Against Corruption. In M. Kreutner (Ed.), The corruption monster: Ethik, Politik und Korruption (pp. 31–44). Czernin. Brunetti, A. A. O., Kisunko, G., & Weder, B. S. (1997). Institutional obstacles to doing business: Region-by-region results from a worldwide survey of the private sector (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper) [1759]. Brunetti, A., Kisunko, G., & Weder, B. (1998). Credibility of rules and economic growth: Evidence from a worldwide survey of the private sector. The World Bank Economic Review, 12(3), 353–384. Brunetti, A., & Weder, B. (2003). A free press is bad news for corruption. Journal of Public Economics, 87(7), 1801–1824. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(01)00186-4 Brunnschweiler, C. N., & Bulte, E. H. (2008). The resource curse revisited and revised: A tale of paradoxes and red herrings. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 55(3), 248–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2007.08.004 Brusco, V., Nazareno, M., & Stokes, S. C. (2004). Vote buying in Argentina. Latin American

Research Review, 39(2), 66–88. Bubandt, N. (2006). Sorcery, corruption, and the dangers of democracy in Indonesia. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 12(2), 413–431. Buccirossi, P., & Spagnolo, G. (2006). Leniency policies and illegal transactions. Journal of Public Economics, 90(6), 1281–1297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2005.09.008 Buchanan, B. (2005). Corporate Governance and Social Responsibility: Combating Money Laundering in the Asia Pacific Region. In T. A. Fetherston & J. A. Batten (Eds.), Asia Pacific Financial Markets in Comparative Perspective: Issues and Implications for the 21st Century (pp. 435–452). Büchner, S., Freytag, A., González, L., & Güth, W. (2008). Bribery and public procurement: An experimental study. Public Choice, 137(1), 103–117. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-008-9315-9 Budak, J. (2007). Corruption in Croatia: Perceptions rise, problems remain. Croatian Economic Survey, 9, 35–68. Budak, J., & Goel, R. K. (2004). Transition, governance and corruption. Economia Internazionale/International Economics, 57(4), 395–406. Budak, J., & Rajh, E. (2014). Corruption as an obstacle for doing business in the Western Balkans: A business sector perspective. International Small Business Journal, 32(2), 140–157. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242613498882 Budak, J., & Vizek, M. (2015). The corruption mark-up: Is corruption cost incorporated in the prices of goods and services in emerging and developed countries? Post - Communist Economies, 27(2), 247. Budhram, T. (2015). Intelligence-led policing: A proactive approach to combating corruption. SA Crime Quarterly, 52, 49–55. https://doi.org/10.4314/sacq.v52i1.5 Buehler, M. (2008). The rise of shari’a by-laws in Indonesian districts An indication for changing patterns of power accumulation and political corruption. South East Asia Research, 16(2), 255–285. Buehler, M. (2011). Indonesia’s Law on Public Services: Changing state–society relations or continuing politics as usual? Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 47(1), 65–86. Buehn, A., & Schneider, F. (2012a). Corruption and the shadow economy: Like oil and vinegar, like water and fire? International Tax and Public Finance, 19(1), 172–194. Buehn, A., & Schneider, F. (2012b). Shadow economies around the world: Novel insights, accepted knowledge, and new estimates. International Tax and Public Finance, 19(1),

139–171. Bueno De Mesquita, B., & Smith, A. (2011). The dictator’s handbook: Why bad behavior is almost always good politics. PublicAffairs. Bukovansky, M. (2002). Corruption is bad: Normative dimensions of the anti-corruption movement. Bukovansky, M. (2006). The hollowness of anti-corruption discourse. Review of International Political Economy, 13(2), 181–209. https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290600625413 Bulkan, J. (2014). Forest Grabbing Through Forest Concession Practices: The Case of Guyana. Journal of Sustainable Forestry, 33(4), 407–434. https://doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2014.899502 Bull, M. J., & Newell, J. L. (1997). New avenues in the study of political corruption. Crime, Law and Social Change, 27(3–4), 169–183. Bunn, M. (2009). Corruption and nuclear proliferation. In Corruption, Global Security, and World Order (pp. 124–166). Brookings Institution Press. Buquet, D., & Piñeiro, R. (2014). Corruption and Governance Improvement in Uruguay. Buquet, D., & Piñeiro, R. (2016). The Quest for Good Governance: Uruguay’s Shift from Clientelism. Journal of Democracy, 27(1), 139–151. Buraimo, B., Migali, G., & Simmons, R. (2016). An Analysis of Consumer Response to Corruption: Italy’s Calciopoli Scandal. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 78(1), 22. Burganov, R., Dolonina, E., & Burganova, Z. (2020). Problems of Modeling the Relationship of Family Related Groups and the State in Political Rent-Seeking Society. SHS Web of Conferences, 76, 01039. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20207601039 Burger, E. S., & Holland, M. (2008). Law as politics: The Russian procuracy and its Investigative Committee. Colum. JE Eur. L., 2, 143. Burger, E. S., & Holland, M. (2016). Private-Sector Incentives for Fighting International Corruption. In S. Eicher (Ed.), Corruption in international business: The challenge of cultural and legal diversity (pp. 163–174). CRC Press. Burger, E. S., & Holland, M. S. (2006). Why the private sector is likely to lead the next stage in the global fight against corruption. Fordham Int’l LJ, 30, 45. Burgeut, R., & Che, Y.-K. (2004). Competitive procurement with corruption.(microeconomic analysis). RAND Journal of Economics, 35(1), 50.

Burke, T. F. (1997). The Concept of Corruption in Campaign Finance Law. Constitutional Commentary, 14, 127. Burlando, A., & Motta, A. (2016). Legalize, tax, and deter: Optimal enforcement policies for corruptible officials. Journal of Development Economics; J.Dev.Econ., 118(Journal Article), 207–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2015.08.007 Burton, R. A. (2005). Improving integrity in public procurement: The role of transparency and accountability. In Fighting Corruption and Promoting Integrity in Public Procurement (pp. 23–28). Buscaglia, E. (1996). Corruption and judicial reform in Latin America. Policy Studies, 17(4), 273–285. https://doi.org/10.1080/01442879608423713 Buscaglia, E. (2001). An analysis of judicial corruption and its causes: An objective governing-based approach. International Review of Law & Economics, 21(2), 233–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0144-8188(01)00058-8 Buscaglia, E. (2011). On best and not so good practices for addressing high-level corruption worldwide: An empirical assessment. In International handbook on the economics of corruption (p. 453). Buscaglia, E., Gonzalez Ruiz, S., & Ratliff, W. (2005). Undermining the Foundations of Organized Crime and Public Sector Corruption. Essays in Public Policy, 114. Buscema, P., Gitto, L., Russo, S., Marcellusi, A., Fiori, F., Maurelli, G., Massini, G., & Mennini, F. (2017). The perception of corruption in health: AutoCM methods for an international comparison. Quality & Quantity, 51(1), 459–477. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-016-0315-4 Bushey, A. J. (2015). Second Generation Rule of Law and Anti-Corruption Programming Abroad: Comparing Existing U.S. Government and International Best Practices to Rachel Kleinfeld’s Advancing the Rule of Law Abroad: Next Generation Reform. Houston Journal of International Law, 37(1), 139–156. Busse, M., & Hefeker, C. (2007). Political risk, institutions and foreign direct investment. European Journal of Political Economy, 23(2), 397–415. Bussell, J. (2010). Why get technical? Corruption and the politics of public service reform in the Indian states. Comparative Political Studies, 43(10), 1230–1257. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414010369073 Bussell, J. (2011). Explaining Cross‐National Variation in Government Adoption of New Technologies1. International Studies Quarterly, 55(1), 267–280. Bussell, J. (2012a). Corruption and reform in India: Public services in the digital age. 72

Cambridge University Press. Bussell, J. (2012b). E-Governance and Corruption in the States: Can Technology Serve the Aam Aadmi? Economic & Political Weekly, 47(25), 77–85. Bussell, J. (2013). Explaining Corruption: Electoral Competition and Varieties of Rent-Seeking in India. Working Paper. Bussell, J. (2014). Varieties of Corruption: The Organization of Rent-Sharing in India. Bussell, J. (2015). Typologies of Corruption: A Pragmatic Approach. In S. Rose-Ackerman & P. Lagunes (Eds.), Greed, Corruption, and the Modern State (pp. 21–45). Edward Elgar Publishing. Bussen, T. J. (2015). Midnight in the garden of ne bis in idem: The new urgency for an international enforcement mechanism. Cardozo Journal of International & Comparative Law, 23(3), 485–517. Butler, A. W., & Fauver, L. (2006). Institutional Environment and Sovereign Credit Ratings. Financial Management, 35(3), 53–79. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-053X.2006.tb00147.x Butler, A. W., Fauver, L., & Mortal, S. (2009). Corruption, Political Connections, and Municipal Finance. The Review of Financial Studies, 22(7), 2873–2905. Butt, S. (2009a). Indonesia’s Anti-Corruption Drive and the Constitutional Court. Comparative Law Journal, 4(2), 186–204. Butt, S. (2009b). ‘Unlawfulness’ and corruption under Indonesian law. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 45(2), 179–198. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074910903040328 Butt, S. (2011). Anti-corruption reform in indonesia: An obituary? Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 47(3), 381–394. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2011.619051 Butt, S., & Schütte, S. A. (2014). Assessing judicial performance in Indonesia: The court for corruption crimes. Crime, Law and Social Change, 62(5), 603–619. Button, M., Lewis, C., Shepherd, D., & Brooks, G. (2015). Fraud in overseas aid and the challenge of measurement. Journal of Financial Crime, 22(2), 184. Buzurukov, B., & Lee, B. W. (2015). Determinants of Immigrant Apprehensions: The Case of U.S. Immigration. Economics, 9(39), 1–26. Byington, J., & Mcgee, J. (2015). M&A Due Diligence: How to Uncover Corruption. The Journal of Corporate Accounting & Finance, 26(4), 51–56. Byrne, E. F. (2014). Towards Enforceable Bans on Illicit Businesses: From Moral Relativism to

Human Rights. Journal of Business Ethics, 119(1), 119–130. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1619-0 Byun, C. C., & Hollander, E. J. (2015). Explaining the Intensity of the Arab Spring. Digest of Middle East Studies, 24(1), 26–46. Cabaravdic, A., & Nilsson, M. (2017). The Effect of Corruption on Economic Growth. http://hj.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1107921/FULLTEXT01.pdf Cabelkova, I. (2001a). Entry Restrictions, Corruption and Extortion in the Context of Transition (CERGE-EI Working Paper Series). Cabelkova, I. (2001b). Perceptions of Corruption in Ukraine: Are They Correct? IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc. Čábelková, I., & Hanousek, J. (2004). The power of negative thinking: Corruption, perception and willingness to bribe in Ukraine. Applied Economics, 36(4), 383–397. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840410001674303 Caciagli, M. (2006). The long life of Clientelism in southern Italy. In Juichi Kawata (Ed.), Comparing political corruption and clientelism (pp. 157–170). Ashgate. Cadot, O. (1987). Corruption as a gamble. Journal of Public Economics, 33(2), 223–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-2727(87)90075-2 Caeyers, B., & Dercon, S. (2012). Political connections and social networks in targeted transfer programs: Evidence from rural Ethiopia. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 60(4), 639–675. Cai, H., Fang, H., & Xu, L. C. (2011). “Eat, Drink, Firms, Government: An Investigation of Corruption from Entertainment and Travel Costs of Chinese Firms.” Journal of Law and Economics, 54, 55–78. Cai, H., & Treisman, D. (2004). State corroding federalism. Journal of Public Economics, 88(3), 819–843. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(02)00220-7 Cai, H., & Treisman, D. (2005). Does Competition for Capital Discipline Governments? Decentralization, Globalization, and Public Policy. American Economic Review, 95(3), 817–830. https://doi.org/10.1257/0002828054201314 Caiden, G. (1988). Toward a general theory of official corruption. Asian Journal of Public Administration, 10(1), 3–26. Caiden, G., & Caiden, N. (1977). Administrative Corruption. Public Administration Review, 37(3), 301. Caiden, G. E. (2004). A cautionary tale: Ten major flaws in combating corruption.(Transparency 74

and Developing Legal Frameworks to Combat Corruption in Latin America). Southwestern Journal of Law and Trade in the Americas, 10(2), 269–293. Caillier, J. (2010). Citizen Trust, Political Corruption, and Voting Behavior: Connecting the Dots. Politics & Policy, 38(5), 1015–1035. Cain, B. E. (2014). Is “dependence corruption” the solution to America’s campaign finance problems?(response to article by Lawrence Lessig in this issue, p. 1)(Brennan Center Jorde Symposium on Constitutional Law). California Law Review, 102(1), 37–47. Cain, D. M., Loewenstein, G., & Moore, D. A. (2005). The dirt on coming clean: Perverse effects of disclosing conflicts of interest. The Journal of Legal Studies, 34(1), 1–25. Calderón, C., & Chong, A. (2006). Do Democracies Breed Rent‐seeking Behavior? The Journal of Policy Reform, 9(4), 247–260. Callahan, W. A. (2005a). Social capital and corruption: Vote buying and the politics of reform in Thailand. Perspectives on Politics, 3(03), 495–508. Callahan, W. A. (2005b). The discourse of vote buying and political reform in Thailand. Pacific Affairs, 78(1), 95–113. Callen, M. J., Gulzar, S., Hasanain, S. A., & Khan, M. Y. (2013). The political economy of public employee absence: Experimental evidence from Pakistan. Callen, M., & Long, J. D. (2015). Institutional Corruption and Election Fraud: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Afghanistan. The American Economic Review, 105(1), 354–381. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20120427 Callister, D. J. (1999). Corrupt and Illegal Activities in the Forest Sector. World Bank. Calomiris, C. W., Fisman, R., & Wang, Y. (2010). Profiting from government stakes in a command economy: Evidence from Chinese asset sales. Journal of Financial Economics, 96(3), 399–412. Camacho, A., & Conover, E. (2011). Manipulation of Social Program Eligibility. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 3(2), 41–65. https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.3.2.41 Camacho, L. (2006). Teaching ethics to employees of a state public utilities company in a developing country: A case study. Ethics & Economics, 4(2). Camaj, L. (2013). The Media’s Role in Fighting Corruption. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 18(1), 21–42. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161212462741 Câmara, S., & Brasil, A. (2018). Influence of corruption on state-owned enterprise expenditures. Revista de Administração Pública, 52(4), 695–711. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7612173631 75

Camerer, M. I. (2006). Measuring Public Integrity. Journal of Democracy, 17(1), 152–165. Cameron, L., Chaudhuri, A., Erkal, N., & Gangadharan, L. (2009). Propensities to engage in and punish corrupt behavior: Experimental evidence from Australia, India, Indonesia and Singapore. Journal of Public Economics, 93(7), 843–851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2009.03.004 Cammarosano, L. (1989). Application of the First Amendment to Political Patronage Employment Decisions. Fordham L. Rev., 58, 101. Camp, E., Dixit, A., & Stokes, S. (2014). Catalyst or Cause? Legislation and the Demise of Machine Politics in Britain and the United States. Legislative Studies Quarterly, 39(4), 559–592. https://doi.org/10.1111/lsq.12058 Campante, F. R., Chor, D., & Do, Q. (2009). Instability and the Incentives for Corruption. Economics & Politics, 21(1), 42–92. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0343.2008.00335.x Campante, F. R., & Do, Q.-A. (2014). Isolated capital cities, accountability, and corruption: Evidence from US states.(Author abstract). American Economic Review, 104(8), 2456–2481. Campbell, J.-L., & Göritz, A. (2014). Culture Corrupts! A Qualitative Study of Organizational Culture in Corrupt Organizations. Journal of Business Ethics, 120(3), 291–311. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1665-7 Campbell, N., & Saha, S. (2013). Corruption, democracy and Asia-Pacific countries. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 18(2), 290–303. Campbell, S. V. (2013). Perception is not reality: The FCPA, Brazil, and the mismeasurement of corruption.(Foreign Corruption Practices Act). Minnesota Journal of International Law, 22(1), 247–281. Campos, J Edgardo, & Bhargava, V. (2007). Introduction: Tackling a social pandemic. In J.Edgardo Campos & S. Pradhan (Eds.), The Many Faces of Corruption. Tracking Vulnerabilities at the Sector Level. World Bank. Campos, J Edgardo, & Recanatini, F. (2007). Conclusion: Where to Next. In J.Edgardo Campos & S. Pradhan (Eds.), The Many Faces of Corruption. Tracking Vulnerabilities at the Sector Level. World Bank. Campos, J.Edgardo, Lien, D., & Pradhan, S. (1999). The Impact of Corruption on Investment: Predictability Matters. World Development, 27(6), 1059–1067. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(99)00040-6 Campos, Jose Edgardo, & Hellman, J. S. (2005). Governance gone local: Does decentralization improve accountability? In R. White & P. Smoke (Eds.), East Asia decentralizes: Making 76

local government work (pp. 237–252). World Bank. Campos, N., Dimova, R., & Saleh, A. (2016). Corruption and Economic Growth: An Econometric Survey of the Evidence. Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, 172(3), 521–543. https://doi.org/10.1628/093245616X14616712130543 Campos, N. F., Estrin, S., & Proto, E. (2010). Corruption as a barrier to entry: Theory and evidence. Campos, N., & Giovannoni, F. (2007). Lobbying, corruption and political influence. Public Choice, 131(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-006-9102-4 Campos, N., & Giovannoni, F. (2017). Political institutions, lobbying and corruption. Journal of Institutional Economics, 13(4), 917–939. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1744137417000108 Canache, D., & Allison, M. E. (2005). Perceptions of Political Corruption in Latin American Democracies. Latin American Politics & Society, 47(3), 91–111. Cantú, F. (2014). Identifying Irregularities in Mexican Local Elections. American Journal of Political Science, 58(4), 936–951. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12097 Cantu, F., & Garcia-Ponce, O. (2015). Partisan losers’ effects: Perceptions of electoral integrity in Mexico. Electoral Studies; Elect.Stud., 39(Journal Article), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2015.03.004 Cantú, F., & Saiegh, S. M. (2011). Fraudulent Democracy? An Analysis of Argentinaʼs Using Supervised Machine Learning. Political Analysis, 19(4), 409–433. https://doi.org/10.1093/pan/mpr033 Cao, P., Qin, L., & Zhu, H. (2018). Local corruption and stock price crash risk: Evidence from China. International Review of Economics and Finance. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2018.11.006 Capasso, S., Goel, R., & Saunoris, J. (2019). Is it the gums, teeth or the bite? Effectiveness of dimensions of enforcement in curbing corruption. Economics of Governance, 20(4), 329–369. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-019-00228-0 Capelle-Blancard, G., Crifo, P., Diaye, M.-A., Scholtens, B., & Oueghlissi, R. (2019). Sovereign bond yield spreads and sustainability: An empirical analysis of OECD countries. Journal of Banking and Finance, 98, 156–169. Carbonara, E. (2000). Corruption and Decentralisation (No. 342/83; Dipartimento Di Scienze Economiche, Working Paper). Carden, A., & Verdon, L. (2010). When is corruption a substitute for economic freedom? The Law and Development Review, 3(1), 40–63.

Carey, J. M., & Shugart, M. S. (1995). Incentives to cultivate a personal vote: A rank ordering of electoral formulas. Electoral Studies, 14(4), 417–439. https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-3794(94)00035-2 Carey, M. T. (2015). Regulating corporate bribery in international business: Anti-corruption in the UK and Germany. International Criminal Justice Review (Sage Publications), 25(4), 405–406. https://doi.org/10.1177/1057567715585566 Carlberg, C. K. (2003). A Truly Level Playing Field for International Business: Improving the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery Using Clear Standards. Boston College International & Comparative Law Review, 26, 95–111. Carlin, R. E., Love, G. J., & Martinez-Gallardo, C. (2015). Cushioning the Fall: Scandals, Economic Conditions, and Executive Approval. Political Behavior, 37(1), 109–130. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-014-9267-3 Carnes, N., & Lupu, N. (2016). What Good Is a College Degree? Education and Leader Quality Reconsidered. Journal Of Politics; J.Polit., 78(1), 35–49. https://doi.org/10.1086/683027 Carothers, T., Elshtain, J. B., Diamond, L. J., Ibrahim, A., & Bangura, Z. H. (2007). A quarter-century of promoting democracy. Journal of Democracy, 18(4), 112–126. Carpenter, S. (2015). Avoid an Investigation: Automate FCPA Compliance. Criminal Justice, 29(4), 37–38. Carr, I. (2006). The United Nations Convention on Corruption: Improving the Quality of Life of Millions in the World? Manchester Journal of International Economic Law, 3(3), 3–44. Carr, I. (2007). Corruption in Africa: Is the African Union Convention on combating corruption the answer? Journal of Business Law, 111–136. Carr, I. (2009). Corruption, the Southern African Development Community Anti-corruption Protocol and the principal–agent–client model. International Journal of Law in Context, 5(2), 147–177. https://doi.org/10.1017/S174455230999005X Carr, I., & Goldby, M. (2011). Recovering the proceeds of corruption: UNCAC and anti-money laundering standards. Journal of Business Law, 2, 170–193. Carr, I., & Jago, R. (2014). Petty Corruption, Development and Information Technology as an Antidote. Round Table, 103(5), 465. Carr, I., & Lewis, D. (2010). Combating corruption through employment law and whistleblower protection. Industrial Law Journal, dwp027. Carr, I. M., & Outhwaite, O. (2009). Corruption and Business Integrity: Law, Policies and Company Practices. Manchester Journal of International Economic Law, 6(3), 16–64.

Carr, I., & Outhwaite, O. (2008). The OECD Anti-Bribery Convention Ten Years On. Manchester Journal of International Economic Law, 5(1), 3–35. Carr, I., & Outhwaite, O. (2011). The role of non-governmental organizations (NGOS) in combating corruption: Theory and practice. Suffolk University Law Review, 44(3), 615. Carrillo, J. D. (2000a). Corruption in Hierarchies. Annales d’Économie et de Statistique, 59, 37–61. Carrillo, J. D. (2000b). Graft, Bribes, and the Practice of Corruption. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 9(2), 257–288. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.2000.00257.x Carrington, P. (2010). Enforcing International Corrupt Practices Law. Michigan Journal of International Law, 32(1), 129–164. Carrington, P. D. (2007). Law and transnational corruption: The need for Lincoln’s law abroad. Law and Contemporary Problems, 70(4), 109–138. Carrington, P. D. (2010). International Movement to Deter Corruption: Should China Join, The. US-China Law Review, 7, 1. Carrington, P. D. (2012). Qui Tam: Is false claims law a model for international law. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 27–40. Carrington, P. D., Rose-Ackerman, S., & Carrington, P. D. (Eds.). (2013). Private Enforcement of International Law. In Anti-corruption Policy: Can International Actors Play a Constructive Role? (pp. 285–300). Carolina Academic Press. Carson, L. (2014). Mapping Corruption and its Institutional Determinants in Brazil (IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc). Carson, L. D. (2014). Deterring Corruption: Beyond Rational Choice Theory [Working Paper]. http://ssrn.com/abstract=2520280; http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2520280 Carter, C. R. (2000). Precursors of Unethical Behavior in Global Supplier Management. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 36(4), 45–56. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-493X.2000.tb00069.x Cartier–Bresson, J. (1997). Corruption networks, transaction security and illegal social exchange. Political Studies, 45(3), 463–476. Cartier-Bresson, J. (2000). Economics of corruption. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. The OECD Observer, 220, 25. Carvajal, R. (1999). Large-scale corruption: Definition, causes, and cures. Systemic Practice and Action Research, 12(4), 335–353.

Caseley, J. (2004). Public sector reform and corruption: CARD facade in Andhra Pradesh. Economic and Political Weekly, 1151–1156. Caselli, F., & Michaels, G. (2013). Do Oil Windfalls Improve Living Standards Evidence from Brazil. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 5(1), 208–238. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.5.1.208 Caselli, F., & Morelli, M. (2004). Bad politicians. Journal of Public Economics, 88(3), 759–782. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(03)00023-9 Caspary, G. (2012). Practical steps to help countries overcome the resource curse: The extractive industries transparency initiative. Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations, 18(2), 171–184. Cassin, S. (2014). Best Offense Is a Good Defense: How the Adoption of An FCPA Compliance Defense Could Decrease Foreign Bribery, The. Hous. J. Int’l L., 36, 19. Castellano, N. (2016). Suspensions, Debarments, and Sanctions: A Comparative Guide to United States and World Bank Exclusion Mechanisms. Public Contract Law Journal, 45(3), 403–448. Castillo, M., Petrie, R., Torero, M., & Viceisza, A. (2014). Lost in the Mail: A Field Experiment on Crime. Economic Inquiry, 52(1), 285–303. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecin.12046 Castro, M. F. (2011). To bribe or not bribe? An experimental analysis of corruption [Working Paper]. Catterberg, G., & Moreno, A. (2006). The Individual Bases of Political Trust: Trends in New and Established Democracies. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 18(1), 31–48. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edh081 Caulkins, J., Feichtinger, G., Grass, D., Hartl, R., Kort, P., Novak, A., Seidl, A., & Wirl, F. (2014). A Dynamic Analysis of Schelling’s Binary Corruption Model: A Competitive Equilibrium Approach. Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, 161(2), 608–625. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10957-013-0420-7 Caulkins, J. P., Feichtinger, G., Grass, D., Hartl, R. F., Kort, P. M., Novak, A. J., & Seidl, A. (2013). Leading bureaucracies to the tipping point: An alternative model of multiple stable equilibrium levels of corruption. European Journal of Operational Research, 225(3), 541–546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2012.10.026 Cava, A., & Stewart, B. M. (2011). Quid Pro Quo Corruption is So Yesterday: Restoring Honest Services Fraud after Skilling and Black. UC Davis Bus. LJ, 12, 1. Cavanagh, C. (2012). Unready for REDD+? Lessons from corruption in Ugandan conservation areas. Policy Brief for U4 Anti-Corruption Center, Chr. Michelsen Institute. U, 4. 80

Cavico, F. J. (2015). J.P. Morgan Recruitment Practices in China and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: Legal Networking or Illegal Bribery? Open Ethics and Law Journal, 1(Suppl 1: M5), 30–37. https://doi.org/10.2174/2352633501501010030 Cavico, F. J., & Mujtaba, B. G. (2010). Baksheesh or bribe: Payments to government officials and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Journal of Business Studies Quarterly, 2(1), 83. Cavill, S., & Sohail, M. (2007). Accountability Arrangements to Combat Corruption: Literature Review. Water, Engineering and Development Centre, Londonborough University. Cavoli, T., & Wilson, J. K. (2015). Corruption, central bank (in)dependence and optimal monetary policy in a simple model. Journal of Policy Modeling, 37(3), 501–509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2015.03.012 Celarier, M. (1997). Privatization: A case study in corruption. Journal of International Affairs, 531–543. Celentani, M. (1999). Corruption and the Hadleyburg effect (Working paper / Departament d’Economia i Empresa 382). Barcelona. Celentani, M., Ganuza, J., & Peydró, J. (2004). Combating Corruption in International Business Transactions. Economica, 71(283), 417–448. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0013-0427.2004.00378.x Celentani, M., & Ganuza, J.-J. (2002a). Corruption and competition in procurement. European Economic Review, 46(7), 1273–1303. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2921(01)00147-7 Celentani, M., & Ganuza, J.-J. (2002b). Organized vs. Competitive Corruption. Annals of Operations Research, 109(1), 293–315. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016364505439 Celestine, N., Leighton, C., & Perryer, C. (2018). A Multifocal and Integrative View of the Influencers of Ethical Attitudes Using Qualitative Configurational Analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-018-4011-2 Celimene, F., Dufrenot, G., Mophou, G., & N’Guerekata, G. (2016). Tax evasion, tax corruption and stochastic growth. Economic Modelling; Econ.Model., 52(Journal Article), 251–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2014.10.055 Cepiku, D. (2004). Coping with Corruption in Albanian Public Administration Business. International Public Management Review, 5(1), 99–137. Cerqueti, R., & Coppier, R. (2016). Corruption, evasion and environmental policy: A game theory approach. Ima Journal Of Management Mathematics; IMA J.Manag.Math., 27(2), 235–253. https://doi.org/10.1093/imaman/dpu019 Cerqueti, Roy, & Coppier, R. (2009). Tax revenues, fiscal corruption and “shame” costs.

Economic Modelling, 26(6), 1239–1244. Cerqueti, Roy, & Coppier, R. (2011). Economic growth, corruption and tax evasion. Economic Modelling, 28(1), 489–500. Cerqueti, Roy, & Coppier, R. (2015). Corruptibility and tax evasion. European Journal of Law and Economics, 39(2), 355–373. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10657-013-9406-z Cerqueti, Roy, Coppier, R., & Piga, G. (2012). Corruption, growth and ethnic fractionalization: A theoretical model. Journal of Economics, 106(2), 153–181. Ceva, E. (2018). Political Corruption as A Relational Injustice. Social Philosophy and Policy, 35(2), 118–137. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0265052519000013 Chabal, P., & Daloz, J.-P. (1999). Afrika works: Disorder as political instrument. Indiana University Press. Chadda, M. (2004). India: Between majesty and modernity. In The Struggle against Corruption: A Comparative Study (pp. 109–143). Springer. Chaffee, E. C. (2012). The Role of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and Other Transnational Anti- Corruption Laws in Preventing or Lessening Future Financial Crises. Ohio State Law Journal, 73, 1283–1485. Chafuen, A., & Guzman, E. (n.d.). Economic Freedom and Corruption. In G. P. O’Driscoll, Jr., K. R. Holmes, & M. Kirkpatrick (Eds.), 2000 Index of Economic Freedom (pp. 51–63). Heritage Foundation. Chaikin, D. (2005). Policy and Legal Obstacles in Recovering Dictators’ Plunder. Bond Law Review, 17(2), 27–46. Chaikin, D. (2008). Commercial corruption and money laundering: A preliminary analysis. Journal of Financial Crime, 15(3), 269–281. Chaikin, D. (2011). Corrupt Practices Involving Offshore Financial Centers. In A. Graycar & R. G. Smith (Eds.), Handbook of global research and practice in corruption. Edward Elgar Publishing. Chaikin, D., & Sharman, J. (2009). Corruption and money laundering: A symbiotic relationship. Springer. Chakraborty, S., & Dabla-Norris, E. (2011). The Quality of Public Investment. The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics, 11(1), 1. Chakroff, A., Thomas, K. A., Haque, O. S., & Young, L. (2015). An Indecent Proposal: The Dual Functions of Indirect Speech. Cognitive Science, 39(1), 199–211. https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12145 82

Chalaby, J. K. (2004). Scandal and the rise of investigative reporting in France. American Behavioral Scientist, 47(9), 1194–1207. Chalmers, I., & Setiyono, B. (2012). The Struggle against Corruption during the Democratic Transition: Theorising the Emergent Role of CSOs. Development and Society, 41(1), 77–102. Chamberlain, K. (2003). Recovering the proceeds of corruption. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 6(2), 157–165. Chan, A., & Osei-Kyei, R. (2020). Evaluating the Effectiveness of Strategies for Extirpating Corrupt Practices in Infrastructure Project Procurement. Journal of Infrastructure Systems, 26(2). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)IS.1943-555X.0000531 Chan, H. S., & Gao, J. (2012). Preventing Corruption Through Performance Measurement: The Case of China. In Ting Gong & S. K. Ma (Eds.), Preventing corruption in Asia: Institutional design and policy capacity. Routledge. Chan, J. C. (2005). Language, Culture, and Reform in Hong Kong. In Civil Society and Corruption: Mobilizing for Reform (pp. 95–113). University Press of America. Chan, K. (2000). Towards an integrated model of corruption: Opportunities and control in China: Asia and the Pacific basin. International Journal of Public Administration, 23(4), 507–551. Chand, S. K., & Moene, K. O. (1999). Controlling fiscal corruption. World Development, 27(7), 1129–1140. Chanda, P. (2004). The effectiveness of the World Bank’s anti-corruption efforts: Current legal and structural obstacles and uncertainties. Denver Journal of International Law and Policy, 32(2), 315. Chander, P., & Wilde, L. (1992). Corruption in tax administration. Journal of Public Economics, 49(3), 333–349. Chandler, D. (2002). Anti-corruption strategies and democratization in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Democratization, 9(2), 101–120. Chandler, J. D., & Graham, J. L. (2010). Relationship-oriented cultures, corruption, and international marketing success. Journal of Business Ethics, 92(2), 251–267. Chang, C. P., & Hao, Y. (2017). Environmental performance, corruption and economic growth: Global evidence using a new data set. Applied Economics, 49(5), 498–514. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2016.1200186 Chang, C. S., Chang, N. J., & Freese, B. T. (2001). Offering gifts or offering bribes? Code of

ethics in South Korea. Journal of Third World Studies, 18(1), 125. Chang, E. C. C. (2005). Electoral Incentives for Political Corruption under Open-List Proportional Representation. The Journal of Politics, 67(3), 716–730. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2508.2005.00336.x Chang, E. C. C. (2019). Corruption predictability and corruption voting in Asian democracies. Public Choice, 184(3–4), 307–326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-019-00760-x Chang, E. C. C., & Chu, Y.-H. (2006). Corruption and Trust: Exceptionalism in Asian Democracies? The Journal of Politics, 68(2), 259–271. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2508.2006.00404.x Chang, E. C. C., & Golden, M. A. (2007). Electoral Systems, District Magnitude and Corruption. British Journal of Political Science, 37(1), 115–137. Chang, E. C., & Kerr, N. N. (2009). Do Voters Have Different Attitudes Toward Corruption?: The Sources and Implications of Popular Perceptions and Tolerance of Political Corruption [Working Paper]. Institute for Democracy in South Africa. Chang, E., & Golden, M. A. (2010). Sources of Corruption in Authoritarian Regimes. Social Science Quarterly, 91(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6237.2010.00678.x Chang, E., Golden, M., & Hill, S. (2010). Legislative Malfeasance and Political Accountability. World Politics, 62(2), 177–II. Chang, J., & Lai, C. (2002). Is the efficiency wage efficient? The social norm and organizational corruption. The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 104(1), 27–47. Chang, J.-J., Lai, C. C., & Yang, C. C. (2000). Casual Police Corruption and the Economics of Crime: Further Results. International Review of Law & Economics, 20, 35–52. Chang, J.-J., Lu, H., & Tsai, H. (2015). Corruption, growth, and increasing returns to production specialization. 11(3), 329. Chang, K., & Park, J. (n.d.). A heterogeneous rally effect for a corrupt president: Partisanship, regional sentiment, and anxiety against a corruption scandal. Democratization, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2020.1791825 Chang, S. (2015). The effects of trade liberalization on environmental degradation. Quality and Quantity, 49(1), 235–253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-013-9984-4 Chang, S.-C. (2015). Threshold effect of foreign direct investment on environmental degradation. Portuguese Economic Journal, 14(1–3), 75–102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10258-015-0112-3 Chang, T.-T. (2011). A macroeconomic model on the quality of government and economic 84

performance. Economic Inquiry : Journal of the Western Economic Association International, 49(1), 174–184. Chanley, V. A., Rudolph, T. J., & Rahn, W. M. (2000). The origins and consequences of public trust in government: A time series analysis. Public Opinion Quarterly, 64(3), 239–256. Chanley, V., Sullivan, J. L., Gonzales, M. H., & Kovera, M. B. (1994). Lust and Avarice in Politics Damage Control by Four Politicians Accused of Wrongdoing (or, Politics as Usual). American Politics Quarterly, 22(3), 297–333. Chapman, D. W., & Lindner, S. (2016). Degrees of Integrity: The Threat of Corruption in Higher Education. Studies in Higher Education, 41(2), 247–268. Charap, J., & Harm, C. (2000). Institutionalized Corruption and the Kleptocratic State. In C. Menard (Ed.), Institutions, Contracts, and Organizations: Perspectives from New Institutional Economics. Edward Elgar. Charles, G.-U. E. (2014). Corruption temptation. California Law Review, 102(1), 25–36. Charlton, R. (1990). Exploring the byways of African political corruption—Botswana and deviant case analysis. Corruption and Reform, 5(1), 1–27. Charoensukmongkol, P., & Moqbel, M. (2014). Does Investment in ICT Curb or Create More Corruption? A Cross-Country Analysis. Public Organization Review, 14(1), 51–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-012-0205-8 Charron, N., Dijkstra, L., & Lapuente, V. (2014). Regional Governance Matters: Quality of Government within European Union Member States. Regional Studies, 48(1), 68–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2013.770141 Charron, Nicholas. (2009a). Government Quality and Vertical Power-Sharing in Fractionalized States. Publius: The Journal of Federalism, 39(4), 585–605. https://doi.org/10.1093/publius/pjp015 Charron, Nicholas. (2009b). The Impact of Socio-Political Integration and Press Freedom on Corruption. Journal of Development Studies, 45(9), 1472–1493. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380902890243 Charron, Nicholas. (2010). The correlates of corruption in India: Analysis and evidence from the states. Asian Journal of Political Science, 18(2), 177–194. Charron, Nicholas. (2011a). Exploring the impact of foreign aid on corruption: Has the “anti-corruption movement” been effective? The Developing Economies : The Journal of the Institute of Developing Economies, Tokyo, Japan, 49(1), 66–88. Charron, Nicholas. (2011b). Party systems, electoral systems and constraints on corruption.

Electoral Studies, 30(4), 595–606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2011.05.003 Charron, Nicholas. (2013). How Much Are Corruption Perceptions Explained by Actual Experience with Corruption. Charron, Nicholas, Dijkstra, L., & Lapuente, V. (2015). Mapping the Regional Divide in Europe: A Measure for Assessing Quality of Government in 206 European Regions. Social Indicators Research, 122(2), 315–346. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-014-0702-y Charron, Nicholas, & Lapuente, V. (2010). Does democracy produce quality of government? European Journal of Political Research, 49(4), 443–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2009.01906.x Charron, Nicholas, & Lapuente, V. (2011). Which dictators produce quality of government? Studies in Comparative International Development, 46(4), 397–423. Charron, Nicholas, Lapuente, V., & Rothstein, B. (2010). Measuing the Quality of Government and Subnational Variaton. Report for the European Commission Directorate-General Regional Policy Directorate Policy Development. Brussells: European Union. Charron, Nicholas, Lapuente, V., & Rothstein, B. (Eds.). (2013). Quality of government and corruption from a European perspective: A comparative study on the quality of government in EU regions. Edward Elgar Publishing. Charron, Nicholas, & Rothstein, B. (2016). Does education lead to higher generalized trust? The importance of quality of government. International Journal of Educational Development, 50(Journal Article), 59–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2016.05.009 Charumilind, C., Kali, R., & Wiwattanakantang, Y. (2006). Connected lending: Thailand before the financial crisis. The Journal of Business, 79(1), 181–218. Chassang, S. (2014). Corruption, Intimidation, and Whistle-blowing: A Theory of Inference from Unverifiable Reports (NBER Working Paper Series, p. 20315). Chatterjee, I., & Ray, R. (2012). Does the evidence on corruption depend on how it is measured? Results from a cross-country study on microdata sets. Applied Economics, 44(25), 3215–3227. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2011.570724 Chatterjee, S. (2015). Dangerous liaisons: Criminalization of “relationship hires” under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 163(6), 1771. Chauchard, S., Klašnja, M., & Harish, S. (2019). Getting Rich Too Fast? Voters’ Reactions to Politicians’ Wealth Accumulation. The Journal of Politics, 81(4), 1197–1209. https://doi.org/10.1086/704222 Chaudhuri, A. (2012). Gender and corruption: A survey of the experimental evidence. New

Advances in Experimental Research on Corruption (Research in Experimental Economicss, Volume 15). Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 13–49. Chaudhuri, S., & Dastidar, K. G. (2014). Corruption, Efficiency Wage and Union Leadership. Pacific Economic Review, 19(5), 559–576. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0106.12083 Chaudhury, N., Hammer, J., Kremer, M., Muralidharan, K., & Rogers, F. H. (2006). Missing in Action: Teacher and Health Worker Absence in Developing Countries. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 20(1), 91–116. https://doi.org/10.1257/089533006776526058 Chaves, I., Fergusson, L., & Robinson, J. A. (2015). He Who Counts Elects: Economic Elites, Political Elites, and Electoral Fraud. Economics & Politics, 27(1), 124–159. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecpo.12052 Chavis, L. (2012). Social networks and bribery: The case of entrepreneurs in Eastern Europe. Journal of Comparative Economics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2012.11.002 Chayes, S. (2015). Thieves of state: Why corruption threatens global security. WW Norton & Company. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=dlMCBAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PT6&d q=Chayes,+Sarah.+2015.+Thieves+of+State:+Why+Corruption+Threatens+Global+Secu rity&ots=prsWrYaVJn&sig=AlaTJIbly9D3R-dSVOOuo8RIfl8 Che, Y.-K. (1995). Revolving doors and the optimal tolerance for agency collusion. The Rand Journal of Economics, 26(3), 378–397. Chen, C., Cullen, J. B., & Parboteeah, K. P. (2015). Are Manager-controlled Firms More Likely to Bribe than Shareholder-controlled Firms: A Cross-cultural Analysis. Management and Organization Review, 11(02), 343–365. Chen, F. (2000). Subsistence crises, managerial corruption and labour protests in China. The China Journal, 44, 41–63. Chen, H., Feng, Q., Zhu, D. D., Han, S., & Long, R. (2016). Impact of rent-seeking on productivity in Chinese coal mine safety supervision: A simulation study. Energy Policy; Energy Policy, 93(Journal Article), 315–329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2016.02.054 Chen, Hailin, Schneider, F., & Sun, Q. (2019). Measuring the size of the shadow economy in 30 provinces of China over 1995–2016: The MIMIC approach. Pacific Economic Review (Oxford, England), 25(3), 427–453. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0106.12313 Chen, K. (2004). Fiscal centralization and the form of corruption in China. European Journal of Political Economy, 20(4), 1001–1009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2003.12.003 Chen, K., Hillman, A. L., & Gu, Q. (2002). From the helping hand to the grabbing hand: Fiscal federalism and corruption in China. In J. Wong & D. Lu (Eds.), China’s Economy into 87

the New Century:Structural Issues and Problems (pp. 193–215). Singapore University Press and World Scientific. Chen, K., & Liu, Q. (2015). Economic Development and Corruption in China in the Shadow of Rent Seeking. In A. L. Hillman & R. D. Congleton (Eds.), Companion to the Political Economy of Rent Seeking (pp. 395–409). Elgar. Chen, M., Jeon, B. N., Wang, R., & Wu, J. (2015). Corruption and bank risk-taking: Evidence from emerging economies. Emerging Markets Review, 24(Journal Article), 122–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ememar.2015.05.009 Chen, W., & Kinkyo, T. (2016). Financial Development and Income Inequality: Long-Run Relationship and Short-Run Heterogeneity. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 52(3), 733–742. https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2016.1116281 Chen, Y., Yaşar, M., & Rejesus, R. M. (2008). Factors influencing the incidence of bribery payouts by firms: A cross-country analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 77(2), 231–244. Chene, M., Clench, B., & Fagan, C. (2010). Corruption and Gender in Service Delivery: The Unequal Impacts. Cheng, C. S., & Zaum, D. (2008). Introduction–key themes in peacebuilding and corruption. International Peacekeeping, 15(3), 301–309. Cheng, J. (2009). Police corruption control in Hong Kong and New York City: A dilemma of checks and balances in combating corruption. BYU Journal of Public Law, 23(2), 185–220. Cheng, W. (2004). An Empirical Study of Corruption within China’s State-owned Enterprises. China Review, 55–80. Cherecheş, R. M., Ungureanu, M. I., Sandu, P., & Rus, I. A. (2013). Defining informal payments in healthcare: A systematic review. Health Policy, 110(2), 105–114. Chetwynd, E., Chetwynd, F., & Spector, B. (2003). Corruption and poverty: A review of recent literature (Vol. 600). Cheung, A., & Hernández-Julián, R. (2006). Gender and corruption: A panel data analysis. Cheung, H. Y., & Chan, A. W. (2008). Corruption across countries: Impacts from education and cultural dimensions. The Social Science Journal, 45(2), 223–239. Cheung, S. N. S. (1996). A Simplistic General Equilibrium Theory of Corruption. Contemporary Economic Policy, 14(3), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7287.1996.tb00618.x Chimezule, O. (2015). Strengthening Institutions in the Fight Against Corruption and Financial Crimes in Nigeria. 88

Chiru, M., & Gherghina, S. (2012). When voter loyalty fails: Party performance and corruption in Bulgaria and Romania. European Political Science Review, 4(1), 29–49. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755773911000063 Chiti, E. (2014). Mismanagement by European Agencies: Concerns, Institutional Responses, and Lessons. In J.-B. Auby, E. Breen, & T. Perroud (Eds.), Corruption and conflicts of interest: A comparative law approach (pp. 253–271). Edward Elgar Pub. Ltd. Chiu, Y.-C., Smith, K. C., Morlock, L., & Wissow, L. (2007). Gifts, bribes and solicitions: Print media and the social construction of informal payments to doctors in Taiwan. Social Science & Medicine, 64(3), 521–530. Cho, W. K. T., & Gaines, B. J. (2007). Breaking the (Benford) law: Statistical fraud detection in campaign finance. The American Statistician, 61(3), 218–223. Cho, Y. H., & Choi, B.-D. (2004). E-Government to Combat Corruption: The Case of Seoul Metropolitan Government. International Journal of Public Administration, 27(10), 719–735. https://doi.org/10.1081/PAD-200029114 Choe, C., & Raschky, P. A. (2016). Media, institutions, and government action: Prevention vs. Palliation in the time of cholera. European Journal Of Political Economy; Eur.J.Polit.Econ., 41(Journal Article), 75–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2015.11.001 Choe, Chongwoo, Dzhumashev, R., Islam, A., & Khan, Z. H. (2013). The effect of informal networks on corruption in education: Evidence from the household survey data in Bangladesh. The Journal of Development Studies, 49(2), 238–250. Choi, E., & Woo, J. (2010). Political corruption, economic performance, and electoral outcomes: A cross-national analysis. Contemporary Politics, 16(3), 249–262. https://doi.org/10.1080/13569775.2010.501636 Choi, E., & Woo, J. (2012). Political corruption, economy, and citizens’ evaluation of democracy in South Korea. Contemporary Politics, 18(4), 451–466. https://doi.org/10.1080/13569775.2012.702977 Choi, J. (2007). Governance Structure and Administrative Corruption in Japan: An Organizational Network Approach. Public Administration Review, 67(5), 930–942. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2007.00779.x Choi, J. P., & Thum, M. (2003). The dynamics of corruption with the ratchet effect. Journal of Public Economics, 87(3), 427–443. Choi, J. P., & Thum, M. (2004). The economics of repeated extortion. Rand Journal of Economics, 203–223.

Choi, J. P., & Thum, M. (2005). Corruption and the Shadow Economy. International Economic Review, 46(3), 817–836. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2354.2005.00347.x Choi, J.-W. (2009). Institutional structures and effectiveness of anticorruption agencies: A comparative analysis of South Korea and Hong Kong. Asian Journal of Political Science, 17(2), 195–214. Choi, S. J., & Davis, K. (2014). Foreign Affairs and Enforcement of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Journal Of Empirical Legal Studies, 11(3), 409–445. https://doi.org/10.1111/jels.12045 Chomski, C. (2012). Campbell’s Soup: Due Process Concerns in Applying the Federal anti-Bribery Statute to Noncitizen Government Contractors Overseas. U. Chi. Legal F., 429. Chong, A., & Calderon, C. (2000). Institutional quality and income distribution. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 48(4), 761–786. Chong, A., & Calderón, C. (2000). Institutional quality and poverty measures in a cross-section of countries. Economics of Governance, 1(2), 123–135. Chong, A., De La O, A., L., Karlan, D., & Wantchekon, L. (2015). Does Corruption Information Inspire the Fight or Quash the Hope? A Field Experiment in Mexico on Voter Turnout, Choice, and Party Identification. Journal of Politics, 77(1), 55–71. https://doi.org/10.1086/678766 Chong, A., & Gradstein, M. (2007). Inequality and institutions. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 89(3), 454–465. Chong, A., & Gradstein, M. (2008). What determines foreign aid? The donors’ perspective. Journal of Development Economics, 87(1), 1–13. Chou, W. (2014). Restoring Integrity in American Businesses: A Broad Interpretation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Wayne L.Rev., 60(Journal Article), 283–307. Choudhury, S. (2015). Governmental decentralization and corruption revisited: Accounting for potential endogeneity. Economics Letters, 136(Journal Article), 218. Chow, D. (2012a). China under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Wisconsin Law Review, 2012(2), 573–607. Chow, D. (2012b). The Interplay Between China’s Anti-Bribery Laws and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Ohio State Law Journal, 73, 1015–1485. Chow, D. C. K. (2014a). Three major risks under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act for U.S. multinational companies doing business in China. Fordham International Law Journal,

37(4), 1183–1191. Chow, D. C. K. (2014b). Why China’s crackdown on commercial bribery threatens U.S. multinational companies doing business in China. Arizona Journal of International and Comparative Law, 31(3), 511–545. Chowdhury, F., Audretsch, D., & Belitski, M. (2015). Does corruption matter for international entrepreneurship? International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 11(4), 959–980. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-015-0372-5 Chowdhury, S. K. (2012). The effect of democracy and press freedom on corruption: An empirical test. Economics Letters 85(1): 93-101. Christensen, J. (2011). The looting continues: Tax havens and corruption. Critical Perspectives on International Business, 7(2), 177–196. http://dx.doi.org.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/10.1108/17422041111128249 Christensen, J. (2012). The hidden trillions: Secrecy, corruption, and the offshore interface. Crime, Law and Social Change, 57(3), 325–343. Christensen, R., & Schultz, T. J. (2014). Identifying Election Fraud Using Orphan and Low Propensity Voters. American Politics Research, 42(2), 311–337. https://doi.org/10.1177/1532673X13498411 Christensen, Z., Homer, D., & Nielson, D. L. (2011). Dodging adverse selection: How donor type and governance condition aid’s effects on school enrollment. World Development, 39(11), 2044–2053. Christensen, Z., Nielsen, R., Nielsen, D., & Tierney, M. (2011). Transparency Squared: The Effects of Aid Transparency on Recipients’ Corruption Levels [Working Paper]. Christöfl, A., Leopold-Wildburger, U., & Rasmußen, A. (2017). An experimental study on bribes, detection probability and principal witness policy. Journal of Business Economics, 87(8), 1067–1081. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11573-017-0846-8 Chu, C. (1990). A model of income tax evasion with venal tax officials: The case of Taiwan. Public Finance= Finances Publiques, 45(3), 392–408. Chua, Y. T. (1999). Robbed: An investigation of corruption in philippine education. Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism. Chui, C. (2001). Tackling Corruption: School Education and Public Awareness. In Progress in the fight against corruption in Asia and the Pacific: Papers presented at the joint ABD-OECD Conference on Combatting Corruption in the Asia-Pacific Region, Seoul, Korea, 11-13 December 2000. Asian Development Bank.

Cialdini, R. B. (1996). Social influence and the triple tumor structure of organizational dishonesty. In D. M. Messick & A. E. Tenbrunsel (Eds.), Codes of conduct: Behavioral research into business ethics (pp. 44–58). Russell Sage. Cieślik, A., & Goczek, Ł. (2018). Control of corruption, international investment, and economic growth – Evidence from panel data. World Development, 103, 323–335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.10.028 Cingano, F., & Pinotti, P. (2013). Politicians at work: The private returns and social costs of political connections. Journal of the European Economic Association, 11(2), 433–465. Ciocchini, F., Durbin, E., & Ng, D. T. (2003). Does corruption increase emerging market bond spreads? Journal of Economics and Business, 55(5), 503–528. Cisar, O. (2003). Strategies for using information technologies for curbing public-sector corruption: The case of the Czech Republic (CR). Open Society Institute. Ciziceno, M., & Travaglino, G. (2019). Perceived Corruption and Individuals’ Life Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Institutional Trust. Social Indicators Research, 141(2), 685–701. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-018-1850-2 Claessens, S., Feijen, E., & Laeven, L. (2008). Political connections and preferential access to finance: The role of campaign contributions. Journal of Financial Economics, 88(3), 554–580. Clague, C. (2003). The International Campaign Against Corruption: An Institutionalist Perspective. In J. C. Heckelman & D. Coates (Eds.), Collective choice essays in honor of Mancur Olson ; with 21 tables (pp. 187–217). Berlin: Springer-Verl. Clammer, J. (2012). Corruption, Development, Chaos and Social Disorganisation: Sociological Reflections on Corruption and Its Social Basis. In M. Barcham, B. Hindess, & P. Larmour (Eds.), Corruption: Expanding the Focus (pp. 113–132). Canberra: ANU Press. http://www.oapen.org/download?type=document&docid=459875 Clare Cohen, J. (2002). Improving transparency in pharmaceutical systems: Strengthening critical decision points against corruption. Latin American and Carribean Bank. Clark, D. (1987). A community relations approach to corruption: The case of Hong Kong. Corruption and Reform, 2(3), 235–257. Clark, K. (2012). Do We Have Enough Ethics in Government Yet?: An Answer from Fiduciary Theory. University of Illinois Law Review, 1996(57). Clark, R., Coviello, D., Gauthier, J.-F., & Shneyerov, A. (2018). Bid Rigging and Entry Deterrence in Public Procurement: Evidence from an Investigation into Collusion and Corruption in Quebec. Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization, 34(3), 301–363. 92

Clarke, G., Friesenbichler, K., & Wong, M. (2015). Do Indirect Questions Reduce Lying about Corruption? Evidence from a Quasi-Field Experiment. Comparative Economic Studies, 57(1), 103–135. https://doi.org/10.1057/ces.2014.43 Clarke, G. R. (2011). How petty is petty corruption? Evidence from firm surveys in Africa. World Development, 39(7), 1122–1132. Clarke, G. R. (2012). What Do Managers Mean When They Say’Firms Like Theirs’ Pay Bribes? International Journal of Economics and Finance, 4(10), 161. Clarke, G. R. G., & Xu, L. C. (2004). Privatization, competition, and corruption: How characteristics of bribe takers and payers affect bribes to utilities. Journal of Public Economics, 88(9), 2067–2097. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2003.07.002 Claros, A. (2015). Removing impediments to sustainable economic development: The case of corruption. Journal of International Commerce, Economics and Policy, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793993315500027 Clausen, B., Kraay, A., & Murrell, P. (2011). Does respondent reticence affect the results of corruption surveys? : Evidence from the World Bank enterprise survey for Nigeria. In Sarah Rose-Ackerman & T. Soreide (Eds.), International Handbook on the Economics of Corruption (Vol. 2, pp. 428-). Elgar. Clausen, B., Kraay, A., & Nyiri, Z. (2011). Corruption and Conﬁdence in Public Institutions. World Bank Economic Review, 25(2), 212–249. https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhr018 Clausen, M. (2012). Corruption and democracy in Brazil. Brasiliana-Journal for Brazilian Studies, 1(1), 107–120. Cleveland, D. C. (2007). Once Again, It Is Time to Speak More Clearly about Section 1346 and the Intangible Rights of Honest Services Doctrine in Mail and Wire Fraud. Northern Kentucky Law Review, 34, 117. Cleveland, M., Favo, C. M., Frecka, T. J., & Owens, C. L. (2009). Trends in the international fight against bribery and corruption. Journal of Business Ethics, 90(2), 199–244. Clutterbuck, R. (1995). Peru: Cocaine, Terrorism and Corruption. International Relations, 12(5), 77–92. https://doi.org/10.1177/004711789501200506 Co, E. E. A. (2007). Challenges to the Philippine culture of corruption. In S. Bracking (Ed.), Corruption and development: The anti-corruption campaigns (pp. 121–137). Palgrave Macmillan. Coates, D., Naidenova, I., & Parshakov, P. (2019). Determinants of governmental support of Russian companies: Lessons on industrial policy, rent-seeking and corruption. Constitutional Political Economy, 30(4), 438–466. 93

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10602-019-09289-z Coates, J. C., IV. (2015). Corporate speech & the First Amendment: History, data, and implications.(Continuation of II. Empirical Evidence on the Corporate Takeover of the First Amendment through III. The Relationship between the takeover to the New Corruption, with footnotes, p. 249-275)(Symposium: Money, Politics, Corporations and the Constitution). Constitutional Commentary, 30(2), 249. Cobb, M. D., & Taylor, A. (2015). An Absence of Malice: The Limited Utility of Campaigning Against Party Corruption. American Politics Research; Am.Polit.Res., 43(6), 923–951. https://doi.org/10.1177/1532673X15570470 Cockcroft, L. (2010). Global Corruption: An Untamed Hydra. World Policy Journal, 27(1), 21–28. https://doi.org/10.1162/wopj.2010.27.1.21 Cockcroft, L. (2013). Global corruption: Money, power and ethics in the modern world. IB Tauris. Coco, G., & Lagravinese, R. (2014). Cronyism and education performance. Economic Modelling, 38(Journal, Electronic), 443–450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2014.01.027 Coetzee, J. (2015). The impact of corruption on development: A comparative developmental perspective. Nawa: Journal of Language and Communication, 9(1), 89. Coffee Jr., J. C. (1997). Modern Mail Fraud: The Restoration of the Public/Private Distinction. Am. Crim. L. Rev., 35, 427. Cohen, D. V. (1993). Creating and maintaining ethical work climates: Anomie in the workplace and implications for managing change. Business Ethics Quarterly, 343–358. Cohen, J. M. (2010). Narrow, Don’t Abolish, FCPA Facilitating Payments Exception. ALM, 244(5). Cohen, J. M., Holland, M. P., & Wolf, A. P. (2008). Under the FCPA, Who Is a Foreign Official Anyway? The Business Lawyer, 63(4), 1243–1274. Cohen, J. R., Pant, L. W., & Sharp, D. J. (1996). A methodological note on cross-cultural accounting ethics research. The International Journal of Accounting, 31(1), 55–66. Cohen, P., & Marriott, A. L. (2010). International Corruption. Sweet & Maxwell. Cohn, A., Maréchal, M. A., Tannenbaum, D., & Zünd, C. L. (2019). Civic honesty around the globe. Science, eaau8712. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau8712 Cokgezen, M. (2004). Corruption in Kyrgyzstan: The facts, causes and consequences. Central Asian Survey, 23(1), 79–94. 94

Colares, J. F. (2006). The evolving domestic and international law against foreign corruption: Some new and old dilemmas facing the international lawyer. Washington University Global Studies Law Review, 5(1), 1–30. Colazingari, S., & Rose-Ackerman, S. (1998). Corruption in a paternalistic democracy: Lessons from Italy for Latin America. Political Science Quarterly, 113, 447–470. Colbran, N. (2009). Courage Under Fire: The First Five Years of the Indonesian Judicial Commission. Australian Journal of Asian Law, 11(2), 273–301. Coldham, S. (1995). Legal responses to state corruption in Commonwealth Africa. Journal of African Law, 39(02), 115–126. Cole, M. A. (2007). Corruption, income and the environment: An empirical analysis. Ecological Economics, 62(3), 637–647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.08.003 Cole, S., & Tran, A. (2011). Evidence from the firm: A new approach to understanding corruption. In Susan Rose-Ackerman & T. Soreide (Eds.), International Handbook on the Economics of Corruption (Vol. 2, pp. 408-). Elgar. Cole, W. M. (2015). Institutionalizing a global anti-corruption regime: Perverse effects on country outcomes, 1984-2012. International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 56(1), 53–80. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020715215578885 Coleman, S. (2004). When police should say “no!” to gratuities. Criminal Justice Ethics, 23(1), 33–44. Collier, M. (2002). Explaining corruption: An institutional choice approach. Crime, Law and Social Change, 38(1), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019802614530 Collier, M. W. (2013). Political corruption in the Caribbean Basin: Constructing a theory to combat corruption. Routledge. Collier, P. (2006). Is aid oil? An analysis of whether Africa can absorb more aid. World Development, 34(9), 1482–1497. Collier, P., & Dollar, D. (2004). Development Effectiveness: What have we learnt? The Economic Journal, 114(496), F244–F271. Collier, P., & Hoeffler, A. (2004). Greed and grievance in civil war. Oxford Economic Papers, 56(4), 563–595. Collier, P., & Vicente, P. C. (2012). Violence, bribery, and fraud: The political economy of elections in Sub-Saharan Africa. Public Choice, 153(1–2), 117–147. Collignon, P., Athukorala, P., Senanayake, S., & Khan, F. (2015). Antimicrobial Resistance: The Major Contribution of Poor Governance and Corruption to This Growing Problem. PLoS 95

One, 10(3), n/a. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0116746 Collins, J., Uhlenbruck, K., & Rodriguez, P. (2009). Why Firms Engage in Corruption: A Top Management Perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 87(1), 89–108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9872-3 Colombatto, E. (2003). Why is corruption tolerated? The Review of Austrian Economics, 16(4), 363–379. Colombo, G. (2006). Investigating and Prosecuting Large-scale Corruption. Journal of International Criminal Justice, 4(3), 510–521. https://doi.org/10.1093/jicj/mql030 Colón, R., & Bladuell, H. G. (2014). Auditors and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: Lessons from Latin America. Accounting in Latin America (Research in Accounting in Emerging Economies, Volume 14) Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 14(Journal Article), 105–133. Comaroff, J., & Comaroff, J. (2004). Policing culture, cultural policing: Law and social order in postcolonial South Africa. Law & Social Inquiry, 29(3), 513–545. Compte, O. (2005). Corruption and competition in procurement auctions. The Rand Journal of Economics, 36(1), 1–15. Condrea, E. (2013). Corruption as a major supporter of underground economy in Romania. Actual Problems of Economics, 6, 273–282. Connolly, M. (2007). Measuring the effect of corruption on sovereign bond ratings. Journal of Economic Policy Reform, 10(4), 309–323. Conover, K. (2014). Rethinking anti-corruption reforms: The view from ancient Athens.(The Rule of Law in Ancient Athens). Buffalo Law Review, 62(1), 69–117. Conroy, P., & Hunter, G. (2011). Economic Analysis of Damages under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Conry, C. A. (2010). Complying with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act in the Global Healthcare Industry. Journal of Health & Life Sciences Law, 3, 1–15. Contreras-Hermosilla, A. (2002). Law compliance in the forestry sector: An overview. World Bank. Coogan, J., Lin Forder, E., Madir, J., Seiler, N., & Wee, C. (2015). Combatting fraud and corruption in international development. Journal of Financial Crime, 22(2), 228. Cook, T. E., & Gronke, P. (2005). The skeptical American: Revisiting the meanings of trust in government and confidence in institutions. Journal of Politics, 67(3), 784–803.

Cooksey, B. (1998). Corruption in aid? How much is acceptable? Governance, 1, 13–18. Cooksey, B. (2010). Trends in Corruption during the Mkapa Era—Who Wants to Know? In K. Havnevik & A. C. Isinika (Eds.), Tanzania in Transition: From Nyerere to Mkapa (pp. 179–206). Mkuki na Nyota Publishers. Cooksey, B. (2012). Aid, governance and corruption control: A critical assessment. Crime, Law and Social Change, 58(5), 521–531. Cooksey, B. (2002). Can aid agencies really help combat corruption? 2, 45–56. Cooley, A., & Sharman, J. C. (2015). Blurring the line between licit and illicit: Transnational corruption networks in Central Asia and beyond. Central Asian Survey, 34(1), 11–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/02634937.2015.1010799 Cooper, J. J. (2015). How Robust is Institutionalized Extortion? A Field Experiment with Truck Drivers in West Africa. Cooray, A., & Schneider, F. (2016). Does corruption promote emigration? An empirical examination. Journal Of Population Economics; J.Popul.Econ., 29(1), 293–310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-015-0563-y Coppier, R., & Michetti, E. (2006). Corruption vs production. A non-linear relationship. Economic Modelling, 23(4), 622–637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2006.03.003 Corbett, J., & Shiu, R. N. (2014). Leadership Succession and the High Drama of Political Conduct: Corruption Stories from Samoa*. Pacific Affairs, 87(4), 743–763. Cordis, A. S. (2014). Corruption and the Composition of Public Spending in the United States. Public Finance Review, 42(6), 745. Cordis, A. S., & Milyo, J. (2016). Measuring Public Corruption in the United States: Evidence From Administrative Records of Federal Prosecutions. Public Integrity, 18(2), 127–148. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2015.1111748 Cordis, Adriana. (2009). Judicial checks on corruption in the United States. Economics of Governance, 10(4), 375–401. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-009-0065-z Cordis, As, & Warren, P. (2014). Sunshine as disinfectant: The effect of state Freedom of Information Act laws on public corruption. Journal Of Public Economics; J.Public Econ., 115(Journal Article), 18–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2014.03.010 Cornelius, W. A. (2000). Mobilized voting in the 2000 elections: The changing efficacy of vote buying and coercion in Mexican electoral politics. In J. I. Dominguez & C. Lawson (Eds.), Mexico’s pivotal democratic elections: Candidates, voters, and the presidential campaign of (pp. 47–65). Stanford University Press.

Coronel, S. (2010). Corruption and the watchdog role of the news media. In P. Norris (Ed.), Public Sentinel: News Media and Governance Reform. World Bank. Corr, C. F., & Lawler, J. (1999). Damned If You Do, Damned If You Don’t—The OECD Convention and the Globalization of Anti-Bribery Measures. Vand. J. Transnat’l L., 32, 1249. Corrado, G. (2020). Institutional quality and access to financial services: Evidence from European transition economies. Journal of Economic Studies (Bradford), 47(6), 1363–1376. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-03-2019-0131 Correa, E. A., Jetter, M., & Agudelo, A. M. (2016). Corruption: Transcending Borders. Kyklos, 69(2), 183–207. https://doi.org/10.1111/kykl.12108 Correani, L. (2005). Preferences, Development and Corruption Trap. Economia Politica, 22(2), 177–200. Corrigan, C. C. (2014). Breaking the resource curse: Transparency in the natural resource sector and the extractive industries transparency initiative. Resources Policy, 40, 17–30. Corruption Watch. (2016). Out of Court, Out of Mind: Do Deferred Prosecution Agreements and Corporate Settlements Fail To Deter Overseas Corruption. http://www.cw-uk.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Corruption-Watch-Out-of-Court-Out- of-Mind.pdf Corstange, D. (2012). Vote trafficking in Lebanon. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 44(03), 483–505. Cosenz, F., & Noto, G. (2014). A Dynamic Simulation Approach to Frame Drivers and Implications of Corruption Practices on Firm Performance. European Management Review, 11(3–4), 239. Costa, A. M. (2006). The Global Challenge of Corruption: Fighting Crime and Building Integrity. In M. Kreutner (Ed.), The Corruption Monster: Ethik, Politik und Korruption (pp. 61–68). Czernin Verlag. Costa, J. (2017). Networks and illicit associations in corrupt exchanges: Representing a gelatinous system in Italy. Global Crime, 18(4), 353–374. https://doi.org/10.1080/17440572.2017.1332594 Costa, L. D. A., & Mainardes, E. W. (2016). The role of corruption and risk aversion in entrepreneurial intentions. Applied Economics Letters, 23(4), 290–293. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2015.1071462 Costa, S. (2013). Do Freedom of Information Laws Decrease Corruption? The Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization, 29(6), 1317–1343. https://doi.org/10.1093/jleo/ews016 98

Costas-Pérez, E., Solé-Ollé, A., & Sorribas-Navarro, P. (2012). Corruption scandals, voter information, and accountability. European Journal of Political Economy, 28(4), 469–484. Coupet, E. (2003). Investment and corruption: A look at causality. Journal of the Academy of Business and Economics., 1(2). Coupet, E. (2009). Corruption: An Analysis of Its Effects on Output, Investments and Economic Growth. VDM Publishing. Coupet Jr, E. (2011). Corruption, investment and economic growth: Theory and international evidence. Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER), 1(1). Coviello, D., & Gagliarducci, S. (2010). Building Political Collusion: Evidence from Procurement Auctions. 4939. Coviello, D., & Mariniello, M. (2014). Publicity requirements in public procurement: Evidence from a regression discontinuity design. Journal of Public Economics, 109, 76–100. Covington, J. P., Newkirk, T. C., & Tillipman, J. (2005). FCPA Enforcement in a Sarbanes-Oxley World. Corporate Counselor, 20(3). Cowley, E., & Smith, S. (2014). Motivation and mission in the public sector: Evidence from the World Values Survey. Theory and Decision, 76(2), 241–263. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11238-013-9371-6 Cox, G. W., & Kousser, J. M. (1981). Turnout and rural corruption: New York as a test case. American Journal of Political Science, 646–663. Coxson, S. L. (2009). Assessment of Armenian local government corruption potential. Public Administration and Development, 29(3), 193–203. Crabb, J. (2018). Mexico to launch own Lava Jato-style investigation. International Financial Law Review. Crabtree, J. (2014). Funding Local Government: Use (and Abuse) of Peru’s Canon System. Bulletin of Latin American Research, 33(4), 452–467. https://doi.org/10.1111/blar.12174 Cragg, A. (1998). Business, globalization, and the logic and ethics of corruption. International Journal, 53(4), 643–660. Cragg, W., & Woof, W. (2002). The U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: A Study of Its Effectiveness. Business and Society Review, 107(1), 98–144. https://doi.org/10.1111/0045-3609.00129 Crawford, B. (2015). The Freezing Assets of Corrupt Officials Act: A Critical Analysis. The Canadian Business Law Journal, 56(3), 407.

Crawford, G., & Botchwey, G. (2017). Conflict, collusion and corruption in small-scale gold mining: Chinese miners and the state in Ghana. Commonwealth & Comparative Politics, 55(4), 444–470. https://doi.org/10.1080/14662043.2017.1283479 Cremades, B. M., & Cairns, D. J. A. (2003). Corruption, international public policy and the duties of arbitrators. Dispute Resolution Journal, 58(4), 76. Cremer, G. (2010). Corruption & development aid: Confronting the challenges. Crites, D. M. (2012). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act at thirty-five: A practitioner’s guide. Ohio State Law Journal, 73(5), 1049–1068. Crivellaro, A. (2013). The Courses of Action Available to International Arbitrators to Address Issues of Bribery and Corruption. Transnational Dispute Management (TDM), 10(3). Crivelli, E., & Gupta, S. (2016). Does conditionality in IMF-supported programs promote revenue reform? International Tax and Public Finance, 23(3), 550–579. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10797-015-9379-7 Croes, P., & Vermeulen, W. (2018). Quantification of corruption in preventative cost-based S-LCA: A contribution to the Oiconomy project. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-018-1507-z Crook, R., & Manor, J. (2000). Democratic decentralization. (No. 11; World Bank Operations Evaluation Department Working Paper). Crotty, J. (1997). Practical measures to promote integrity in customs administrations. Cruz, C., & Keefer, P. (2013). The organization of political parties and the politics of bureaucratic reform. Cruz, J. M. (2015). Police Misconduct and Political Legitimacy in Central America. Journal of Latin American Studies, 47(2), 251–283. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022216X15000085 Cuadrado-Ballesteros, B., & Peña-Miguel, N. (2020). Corruption Perception following Privatization Reforms: The Moderating Role of Governance. Revista de Contabilidad: Spanish Accounting Review, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.6018/rcsar.361041 Cuervo-Cazurra, A. (2014). Transparency and Corruption. In J. Forssbæck & L. Oxelheim (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Economic and Institutional Transparency. Oxford University Press. http://oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199917693.001.0001/oxfordhb -9780199917693 Cuervo-Cazurra, A. (2016). Corruption in international business. Journal Of World Business; J.World Bus., 51(1), 35–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2015.08.015

100

Cuervo-Cazurra, Alvaro. (2006). Who cares about corruption? Journal of International Business Studies, 37(6), 807. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400223 Cuervo-Cazurra, Alvaro. (2008a). Better the Devil You Don’t Know: Types of Corruption and FDI in Transition Economies. Journal of International Management, 14(1), 12–17. Cuervo-Cazurra, Alvaro. (2008b). The effectiveness of laws against bribery abroad. Journal of International Business Studies, 39(4), 634. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400372 Çule, M., & Fulton, M. (2005). Some implications of the unofficial economy–bureaucratic corruption relationship in transition countries. Economics Letters, 89(2), 207–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2005.05.027 Cullen, J. B., Parboteeah, K. P., & Hoegl, M. (2004). Cross-National Differences in Managers’ Willingness to Justify Ethically Suspect Behaviors: A Test of Institutional Anomie Theory. The Academy of Management Journal, 47(3), 411–421. Curini, L. (2015a). An Italian Leitmotiv? Corruption and Competence in the Debates of the Italian Chamber of Deputies (1946–2014). South European Society & Politics, 20(4), 509–531. https://doi.org/10.1080/13608746.2015.1108585 Curini, L. (2015b). The Conditional Ideological Inducement to Campaign on Character Valence Issues in Multiparty Systems: The Case of Corruption. Comparative Political Studies, 48(2), 168. Curini, L., & Martelli, P. (2015). A case of valence competition in elections. 21(5), 686–698. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068813491540 Czap, H. J., & Nur-tegin, K. D. (2012). Government Positions for Sale-A Model of Grand Corruption. Business and Politics, 14(2). Dabla-Norris, E. (2000). A game-theoretic analysis of corruption in bureaucracies (No. 00/106). International Monetary Fund. Dabla-Norris, E., Brumby, J., Kyobe, A., Mills, Z., & Papageorgiou, C. (2012). Investing in public investment: An index of public investment efficiency. Journal of Economic Growth, 17(3), 235–266. Dabla‐Norris, E., & Freeman, S. (2004). Enforcement of property rights and underdevelopment. Review of Development Economics, 8(3), 391–405. Dabla-Norris, E., Gradstein, M., & Inchauste, G. (2008). What causes firms to hide output? The determinants of informality. Journal of Development Economics, 85(1), 1–27. Dabla-Norris, E., & Wade, P. (2001). Rent Seeking and Endogenous Income Inequality. Dabla-Norris, M. E., & Paul, E. (2006). What transparency can do when incentives fail: An 101

analysis of rent capture. International Monetary Fund. Dada Ojo, M. O. (2014). The Nigeria police and the search for integrity in the midst of diverse challenges: An effective police management approach. International Journal of Police Science & Management, 16(2), 87–100. Dadalauri, N. (2007). Political corruption in Georgia. In S. Bracking (Ed.), Corruption and Development:The Anti-Corruption Campaigns (pp. 155–166). Springer. Dadasov, R. (2016). EU Aid and the Quality of Governance (No. 47; Working Papers/European Research Centre for Anti-Corruption and State Building). http://www.againstcorruption.eu/reports/eu-aid-and-quality-of-governance/ D’Agostino, G., Dunne, J. P., & Pieroni, L. (2012). Corruption, military spending and growth. Defence and Peace Economics, 23(6), 591–604. D’Agostino, G., Dunne, J., & Pieroni, L. (2016). Government Spending, Corruption and Economic Growth. World Development, 84(Journal Article), 190. Dahlberg, S., & Holmberg, S. (2014). Democracy and Bureaucracy: How their Quality Matters for Popular Satisfaction. West European Politics, 37(3), 515–537. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2013.830468 Dahlberg, S., Linde, J., & Holmberg, S. (2013). Dissatisfied democrats: A matter of representation or performance? Dahlström, C. (2015). Bureaucracy and corruption. In P. Heywood (Ed.), Routledge Handbook of Political Corruption (pp. 110–120). Routledge. Dahlström, C., Lapuente, V., & Teorell, J. (2012). The Merit of Meritocratization. Political Research Quarterly, 65(3), 656–668. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912911408109 Dahlström, C., Lindvall, J., & Rothstein, B. (2013). Corruption, bureaucratic failure and social policy priorities. Political Studies, 61(3), 523–542. Dai, M., Sidiropoulos, M., & Spyromitros, E. (2015). Fiscal Policy, Institutional Quality and Central Bank Transparency. The Manchester School, 83(5), 523. Dakolias, M., & Thachuk, K. (2000). Attacking corruption in the judiciary: A critical process in judicial reform. Wisconsin International Law Journal, 18(2), 353–406. Dal Bo, E. (2007). Bribing voters. American Journal of Political Science, 51(4), 789–803. Dal Bo, E., Dal Bo, P., & Di Tella, R. (2006). “Plata o Plomo?”: Bribe and Punishment in a Theory of Political Influence. American Political Science Review, 100(1), 41–53. Dal Bó, E., & Di Tella, R. (2003). Capture by threat. Journal of Political Economy, 111(5),

102

1123–1154. Dal Bó, E., & Rossi, M. A. (2007). Corruption and inefficiency: Theory and evidence from electric utilities. Journal of Public Economics, 91(5), 939–962. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2006.11.005 D’Alterio, E. (2014). Global Integrity: National Administrations versus Global Regimes. In J.-B. Auby, E. Breen, & T. Perroud (Eds.), Corruption and Conflicts of Interest: A Comparative Law Approach (pp. 198–214). Elgar. Dalton, M. M. (2006). Efficiency v. Morality: The Codification of Cultural Norms in the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. NYU Journal of Law & Business, 2, 583–639. Daly, C. C., & Fariello Jr, F. A. (2012). Transforming through Transparency: Opening up the World Bank’s Sanctions Regime. World Bank Legal Review, 4, 101-. Damania, R. (2002). Environmental controls with corrupt bureaucrats. Environment and Development Economics, 7(03), 407–427. Damania, R., Fredriksson, P. G., & List, J. A. (2003). Trade liberalization, corruption, and environmental policy formation: Theory and evidence. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 46(3), 490–512. Damania, R., Fredriksson, P., & Mani, M. (2004). The Persistence of Corruption and Regulatory Compliance Failures: Theory and Evidence. Public Choice, 121(3), 363–390. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-004-1684-0 Dane, E., & Sonenshein, S. (2015). On the role of experience in ethical decision making at work: An ethical expertise perspective. Organizational Psychology Review, 5(1), 74–96. https://doi.org/10.1177/2041386614543733 Danopoulos, C. P.-(Constantine P. (2014). The Cultural Roots of Corruption in Greece. Mediterranean Quarterly, 25(2), 105–130. Daoud, A. (2015). Quality of Governance, Corruption and Absolute Child Poverty in India. Journal of South Asian Development, 10(2), 148–167. Darabare, S. J. (2014). Electoral Corrupt Practice and Electoral Offences: An Analysis. Journal of Legal Analysis and Research, 1(3), 69. D’Arcy, M., & Cornell, A. (2016). Devolution and Corruption in Kenya: Everyone’s Turn To Eat? African Affairs, 115(459), 246. Darden, K. (2008). The Integrity of Corrupt States: Graft as an Informal State Institution. Politics and Society, 36(1), 35–59. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032329207312183 Darley, J. M. (1992). Social Organization for the Production of Evil. Psychological Inquiry, 3(2), 103

199. Darley, J. M. (1996). How Organizations Socialize Individuals into Evildoing. In David M. Messick & A. E. Tenbrunsel (Eds.), Codes of conduct: Behavioral research into business ethics (pp. 13–43). Russell Sage. Darley, J. M. (2005). The cognitive and social psychology of contagious organizational corruption.(Corporate Misbehavior by Elite Decision-Makers Symposium: Perspectives from Law and Social Psychology). Brooklyn Law Review, 70(4), 1165–1176. Darley, W. K. (2012). Increasing Sub-Saharan Africa’s share of foreign direct investment: Public policy challenges, strategies, and implications. Journal of African Business, 13(1), 62–69. Darr, A. (2003). Gifting practices and interorganizational relations: Constructing obligation networks in the electronics sector. Sociological Forum, 18(1), 31–51. Darrough, M. (2010). The FCPA and the OECD Convention: Some Lessons from the U.S. Experience. Journal of Business Ethics, 93(2), 255–276. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0219-5 Darrough, M. N. (1999). Privatization and Corruption: Patronage vs. Spoils. International Public Management Journal, 2(2), 273–298. Das, A., & Parry, M. M. B. (2011). Greasing or Sanding? GMM Estimation of the Corruption-Investment Relationship. International Journal of Economics and Research, 02(02), 95–108. Das, J., & Dirienzo, C. (2009). The nonlinear impact of globalization on corruption. The International Journal of Business and Finance Research : IJBFR, 3(2), 33–46. Das, V. (2015). Corruption and the possibility of life. Contributions To Indian Sociology; Contrib.India.Sociol., 49(3), 322–343. https://doi.org/10.1177/0069966715593824 Dastidar, K. G., & Mukherjee, D. (2014). Corruption in delegated public procurement auctions. European Journal of Political Economy, 35(Journal Article), 122–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2014.05.003 Dávid-Barrett, E. (2015). Nolan’s Legacy: Regulating Parliamentary Conduct in Democratising Europe. Parliamentary Affairs, 68(3), 514. Dávid-Barrett, E., & Okamura, K. (2013). The Transparency Paradox: Why Corrupt Countries Join the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative. APSA 2013 Annual Meeting Paper. David-Barrett, E., & Okamura, K. (2016). Norm Diffusion and Reputation: The Rise of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative. Governance, 29(2), 227–246.

104

https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12163 Davids, C., & Schubert, G. (2011). The global architecture of foreign bribery control: Applying the OECD Bribery Convention. In A. Graycar & R. G. Smith (Eds.), Handbook of global research and practice in corruption (p. 319). Edward Elgar. Davidson, J. S. (2007). Politics-as-usual on trial: Regional anti-corruption campaigns in Indonesia. The Pacific Review, 20(1), 75–99. Davidson, S. (1999). Okeahalam and Bah on corruption: A comment. South African Journal of Economics, 67(1), 72–77. Davies, M. (2000). Ethics in Government and the Issue of Conflicts of Interest. In Y. El-Ayouty, K. J. Ford, & M. Davies (Eds.), Government ethics and law enforcement: Toward global guidelines (pp. 97–122). Praeger Publishers. Davis, C. L., Ai Camp, R., & Coleman, K. M. (2004). The influence of party systems on citizens’ perceptions of corruption and electoral response in Latin America.(Author Abstract). Comparative Political Studies, 37(6), 677. Davis, D. E. (2006). Undermining the Rule of Law: Democratization and the Dark Side of Police Reform in Mexico. Latin American Politics & Society, 48(1), 55–86. Davis, F. T. (2016). International double jeopardy: U.S. prosecutions and the developing law in Europe. American University International Law Review, 31(1), 57–101. Davis, James, & Ruhe, J. (2003). Perceptions of Country Corruption: Antecedents and Outcomes. Journal of Business Ethics, 43(4), 275–288. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023038901080 Davis, Jennifer. (2004). Corruption in Public Service Delivery: Experience from South Asia’s Water and Sanitation Sector. World Development, 32(1), 53–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2003.07.003 Davis, K. E. (2002). Self-interest and altruism in the deterrence of transnational bribery. American Law and Economics Review : The Journal of the American Law and Economics Association, 4(2), 314–340. Davis, K. E. (2009). Civil remedies for corruption in government contracting: Zero tolerance versus proportional liability (NYU School of Law, Public Law Research Paper). Davis, K. E. (2010). Does the globalization of anti-corruption law help developing countries? In J. Faundez & C. Tan (Eds.), International Economic Law, Globalization and Developing Countries (pp. 283–306). Davis, K. E. (2012a). The Prospects for Anti-corruption Law: Optimists versus Skeptics. Hague

105

Journal on the Rule of Law, 4(2), 319–336. Davis, K. E. (2012b). Why Does the United States Regulate Foreign Bribery: Moralism, Self-Interest, or Altruism? NYU Annual Survey of American Law, 67(3), 12–51. Davis, K. E. (2015). Regulation of Foreign Bribery: The FCPA Enforcement Model. In Susan Rose-Ackerman & P. Lagunes (Eds.), Greed, corruption, and the modern state: Essays in political economy (pp. 297–316). Edward Elgar Publishing. Davis, K. E. (2016). Multijurisdictional Enforcement Games. In The Research Handbook on Corporate Crime and Financial Misdealing, Jennifer Arlen ed., Forthcoming (pp. 16–19). Davis, K. E., Jorge, G., & Machado, M. R. (2015). Transnational anticorruption law in action: Cases from Argentina and Brazil.(institutional complementarity theory case studies). Law and Social Inquiry, 40(3), 664. Davis, K. E., Rose-Ackerman, S., & Carrington, P. D. (2013). Does the Globalization of Anti-Corruption Law Help Developing Countries? In Anti-corruption policy: Can international actors play a constructive role? (pp. 169–178). Carolina Academic Press. Dawid, H., & Feichtinger, G. (1996). On the persistence of corruption. Journal of Economics, 64(2), 177–193. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01250114 Dawisha, K. (2014). Putin’s Kleptocracy. http://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Putins-Kleptocracy/Karen-Dawisha/978147679 5201 Dawson, H. J. (2014). Patronage from below: Political unrest in an informal settlement in South Africa. African Affairs, 113(453), 518–539. de Alencar, C. H. R., & Gico Jr, I. T. (2011). When crime pays: Measuring judicial performance against corruption in Brazil. Law & Business Review of the Americas, 17(3), 415–434. De Beco, G. (2011). Monitoring corruption from a human rights perspective. The International Journal of Human Rights, 15(7), 1107–1124. de Brito, M., & Costa de Souza, G. (2018). Meanings in research on corruption. Revista de Administração Pública, 52(4), 712–730. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7612175197 De Chiara, A., & Livio, L. (2017). The threat of corruption and the optimal supervisory task. Journal Of Economic Behavior & Organization, 133, 172–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2016.11.006 De George, R. T. (1997). Sullivan-Type Principles for US Multinationals in Emerging Economies. U. Pa. J. Int’l Econ. L., 18, 1193.

106

De Graaf, G, Huberts, L., & Nelen, J. (2008). Is the Glass Half Full or Half Empty? Perceptions of the Scale and Nature of Corruption in The Netherlands 1. Perspectives on European Politics and Society, 9(1), 84–94. De Graaf, Gjalt. (2007). Causes of corruption: Towards a contextual theory of corruption. Public Administration Quarterly, 39–86. De Graaf, Gjalt, & Huberts, L. W. (2008). Portraying the nature of corruption using an explorative case study design. Public Administration Review, 68(4), 640–653. De Graaf, Gjalt, Maravić, P. von, & Wagenaar, F. (2010). The good cause. Theoretical perspectives on corruption. Budrich Publishing. De Groot, H. L., Linders, G., Rietveld, P., & Subramanian, U. (2004). The institutional determinants of bilateral trade patterns. Kyklos, 57(1), 103–123. De Jaegere, S. (2012). Principles for Anti-Corruption Agencies: A Game Changer. Jindal Journal of Public Policy, 1(1), 90–102. de Jager, N., & Steenekamp, C. L. (2016). The changing political culture of the African National Congress. Democratization, 23(5), 919–939. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2015.1041382 de Jong, E., & Bogmans, C. (2011). Does corruption discourage international trade? European Journal of Political Economy, 27(2), 385–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2010.11.005 De Jong, G., Tu, P. A., & Van Ees, H. (2012). Which Entrepreneurs Bribe and What Do They Get From It? Exploratory Evidence From Vietnam. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36(2), 323–345. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00400.x de Jong, G., Tu, P. A., & van Ees, H. (2015). The Impact of Personal Relationships on Bribery Incidence in Transition Economies. European Management Review, 12(1), 7. de Koker, L. (2011). Applying Anti-Money Laundering Laws to Fight CorruptionThe global architecture of foreign bribery control: Applying the OECD Bribery Convention. In A. Graycar & R. G. Smith (Eds.), Handbook of global research and practice in corruption. Edward Elgar. de Koker, L., & Harwood, K. (2015). Supplier integrity due diligence in public procurement: Limiting the criminal risk to Australia. Sydney Law Review, The, 37(2), 217–241. De la Croix, D., & Delavallade, C. (2009). Growth, public investment and corruption with failing institutions. Economics of Governance, 10(3), 187–219. De la Croix, D., & Delavallade, C. (2011). Democracy, rule of law, corruption incentives, and

107

growth. Journal of Public Economic Theory, 13(2), 155–187. De La Croix, D., & Delavallade, C. (2014). Why corrupt governments may receive more foreign aid. Oxford Economic Papers, 66(1), 51–66. https://doi.org/10.1093/oep/gpt004 De La Torre, M. J. (2016). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: Imposing an American definition of corruption on global markets. Cornell International Law Journal, 49(2), 495. De, M. B., & Kim, C. (2016). Social Movements against Corruption and Sexual Violence in India Urban Middle Class Approaches. Asian Journal Of Social Science; Asian J.Soc.Sci., 44(1–2), 7–33. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685314-04401002 De Maria, W. (2005). Whistleblower protection: Is Africa ready? Public Administration & Development, 25(3), 217. De Maria, W. (2007). Does African" corruption" exist? African Journal of Business Ethics, 2(1), 1–9. De Maria, W. (2008a). Cross Cultural Trespass Assessing African Anti-corruption Capacity. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 8(3), 317–341. De Maria, W. (2008b). Measurements and markets: Deconstructing the corruption perception index. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 21(7), 777–797. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513550810904569 De Maria, W., & Prasad, A. (2008). The new war on African “corruption”: Just another neo-colonial adventure? In Against the Grain: Advances in Postcolonial Organization Studies. Liber & Copenhagen Business School Press. De Mello, L. E., & Barenstein, M. (2001). Fiscal Decentralization and Governance: A Cross-Country Analysis. IMF Working Paper IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc, 01/71. De Mello, L. R. (2004). Can fiscal decentralization strengthen social capital? Public Finance Review, 32(1), 4–35. De Mendonça, H. F., & Baca, A. C. (2017). Relevance of corruption on the effect of public health expenditure and taxation on economic growth. Applied Economics Letters, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2017.1374533 De Michele, R. (2003). Follow-up Mechanism of the Inter-American Convention against Corruption: A Preliminary Assessment: Is the Glass Half Empty, The. Southwestern Journal of Law and Trade in the Americas, 10, 295. De Michele, R. (2013). How Can International Financial Institutions Support Countries’ Efforts to Prevent Corruption under International Treaties and Agreements? In Susan

108

Rose-Ackerman & P. D. Carrington (Eds.), Anti-corruption policy: Can international actors play a constructive role? (pp. 179–200). Carolina Academic Press. De Ree, J., Muralidharan, K., Pradhan, M., & Rogers, H. (2015). Double for nothing? Experimental evidence on the impact of an unconditional teacher salary increase on student performance in Indonesia. National Bureau of Economic Research. De Rosa, D., Gooroochurn, N., & Görg, H. (2015). Corruption and productivity: Firm-level evidence. Jahrbücher Für Nationalökonomie Und Statistik, 235(2), 115–138. De Simone, F., & Taxell, N. (2014). Donors and “Zero Tolerance for Corruption”: From Principle to Practice. U4 Brief. De Simone, F., & Zagaris, B. (n.d.). Impact of foreign bribery legislation on developing countries and the role of donor agencies (2014:6; U4 Issue). http://www.u4.no/publications/impact-of-foreign-bribery-legislation-on-developing-count ries-and-the-role-of-donor-agencies/ de Sousa, L., Larmour, P., & Hindess, B. (Eds.). (2009). Governments, NGOs and Anti-Corruption: The New Integrity Warriors. Routledge. de Sousa, Luis. (2002). Hard Responses to Corruption: Penal Standards and the Repression of Corruption. Crime, Law & Social Change, 38, 267–294. de Sousa, Luis. (2011). Anti-Corruption Agencies: Between Empowerment and Irrelevance. Crime, Law & Social Change, 53, 5–22. de Sousa, Luis. (2012). Above the Law, Below Ethics’: Some Findings on Portuguese Attitudes Towads Corruption. In Dirk Tanzler, Konstadinos Maras & Angelos Giannakopoulos (Ed.), The Social Construction of Corruption in Europe (pp. 245–264). de Sousa, Luis & Marcelo Moriconi. (2013). Why Voters Do Not Throw the Rascals Out? – A Conceptual Framework for Analysing Electoral Punishment of Corruption. Crime, Law & Social Change, 60(5), 471–502. de Speville, Bertrand. (2010). Overcoming Corruption: The Essentials. BPR Publishers. de Speville, Betrand. (2010). Anticorruption Commissions: The ‘Hong Kong Model’ Revisited. Asia-Pacific Review, 17(1), 47–71. De Vries, M., & Sobis, I. (2016). Increasing transparency is not always the panacea. The International Journal of Public Sector Management, 29(3), 255–270. de Waal, A. (2014). When kleptocracy becomes insolvent: Brute causes of the civil war in South Sudan. African Affairs, 113(452), 347–369. Deagro, M. (2016). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and self-disclosure in the health and life 109

sciences industry: Is honesty the best policy? Georgetown Journal of Law & Public Policy, 14(1), 309. Dearden, S. J. H. (2000). Corruption and economic development [Other]. http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/1870/ DeBacker, J., Heim, B. T., & Tran, A. (2015). Importing corruption culture from overseas: Evidence from corporate tax evasion in the United States. Journal of Financial Economics, 117(1), 122–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2012.11.009 Debiel, T., & Gawrich, A. (2013). (Dys-)Functionalities of corruption: Comparative perspectives and methodological pluralism. Zeitschrift Für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft, 7, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12286-013-0173-6 Debnath, K. B., & Mourshed, M. (2018). Corruption Significantly Increases the Capital Cost of Power Plants in Developing Contexts. Frontiers in Energy Research, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2018.00008 Debnath, R., & Shankar, R. (2014). Does Good Governance Enhance Happiness: A Cross Nation Study. Social Indicators Research, 116(1), 235–253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-013-0275-1 Decelles, K. A., Derue, D. S., Margolis, J. D., & Ceranic, T. L. (2012). Does Power Corrupt or Enable? When and Why Power Facilitates Self-Interested Behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(3), 681–689. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026811 Dechenaux, E., & Samuel, A. (2014). Announced vs. Surprise inspections with tipping-off. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY, 34(Journal Article), 167–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2014.01.001 Dechenaux, Emmanuel, & Samuel, A. (2012). Pre-emptive Corruption, Hold-up and Repeated Interactions. Economica, 79(314), 258–283. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0335.2011.00898.x Deckard, N., & Pieri, Z. (2017). The Implications of Endemic Corruption for State Legitimacy in Developing Nations: An Empirical Exploration of the Nigerian Case. International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society, 30(4), 369–384. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10767-016-9242-6 Deckert, J., Myagkov, M., & Ordeshook, P. C. (2011). Benfordʼs Law and the Detection of Election Fraud. Political Analysis, 19(3), 245–268. https://doi.org/10.1093/pan/mpr014 Deflem, M. (1995). Corruption, law, and justice: A conceptual clarification. Journal of Criminal Justice, 23(3), 243–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/0047-2352(95)00018-L Dehn, J., R. Reinikka & J. Svensson. (2007). Unique Problems with FCPA Compliance in the 110

People’s Republic of China. Business Law Today, 16(5), 14–18. Deininger, K., & Mpuga, P. (2005). Does Greater Accountability Improve the Quality of Public Service Delivery? Evidence from Uganda. World Development, 33(1), 171–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2004.09.002 Dejardin, M., & Laurent, H. (2014). Greasing the wheels of entrepreneurship? A complement according to entrepreneurial motives [IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc]. Dekel, E., Jackson, M. o, & Wolinsky, A. (2008). Vote Buying: General Elections. Journal of Political Economy, 116(2), 351–380. https://doi.org/10.1086/587624 Del Monte, A., & Papagni, E. (2001). Public expenditure, corruption, and economic growth: The case of Italy. European Journal of Political Economy, 17(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0176-2680(00)00025-2 Del Monte, A., & Papagni, E. (2007). The determinants of corruption in Italy: Regional panel data analysis. European Journal of Political Economy, 23(2), 379–396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2006.03.004 dela Rama, M. (2012). Corporate Governance and Corruption: Ethical Dilemmas of Asian Business Groups. Journal of Business Ethics, 109(4), 501–519. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-1142-0 Delaney, P. X. (2007). Transnational Corruption: Regulation Across Borders. Virginia Journal of International Law, 47, 413-. Delavallade, C. (2006). Corruption and distribution of public spending in developing countries. Journal of Economics and Finance, 30(2), 222–239. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02761488 Delavallade, C. (2012). What Drives Corruption? Evidence from North African Firms. Journal of African Economies, 21(4), 499–547. DeLeon, P. (1989). Public Policy Implications of Systemic Political Corruption. Corruption & Reform, 4(3), 193–215. Delgado, M., & McCloud, N. (2017). Foreign direct investment and the domestic capital stock: The good–bad role of higher institutional quality. Empirical Economics, 53(4), 1587–1637. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-016-1173-6 Delgado, M. S., Mccloud, N., & Kumbhakar, S. C. (2014). A generalized empirical model of corruption, foreign direct investment, and growth. Journal of Macroeconomics, 42(Journal Article), 298–325. Della Porta, D. (1996). Actors in Corruption: Business Politicians in Italy. International Social Science Journal, 48(3), 349–349.

111

Della Porta, D. (2000). Social Capital, Beliefs in Government, and Political Corruption. In S. J. Pharr & R. D. Putnam (Eds.), Disaffected democracies: What’s troubling the trilateral countries? (pp. 202–228). Princeton University Press. Della Porta, D. (2001). A judges’ revolution? Political corruption and the judiciary in Italy. European Journal of Political Research, 39(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007134509892 Della Porta, D. (2004). Political parties and corruption: Ten hypotheses on five vicious circles. Crime, Law and Social Change, 42(1), 35–60. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CRIS.0000041036.85056.c6 Della Porta, D., & Vannucci, A. (1997). The resources of corruption: Some reflections from the Italian Case. Crime, Law and Social Change, 27(3), 231–254. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008215600420 Della Porta, D., & Vannucci, A. (2006). A Typology of Corrupt Networks. In Junʼichi Kawata (Ed.), Comparing political corruption and clientelism (pp. 23–44). Ashgate. Della Porta, D., & Vannucci, A. (2007). Corruption and anti-corruption: The political defeat of ‘Clean Hands’ in Italy. West European Politics, 30(4), 830–853. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402380701500322 Della Porta, D., & Vannucci, A. (2011). The hidden order of corruption: An institutional approach. Ashgate Pub. Della Porta, D., & Vannucci, A. (2012a). Corrupt exchanges: Actors, resources, and mechanisms of political corruption. Aldine de Gruyter. Della Porta, D., & Vannucci, A. (2012b). When Anti-Corruption Policy Fails: The Italian Case Eighteen Years After the Mani Pulite Investigations. In D. Tänzler, K. Maras, & A. Giannakopoulos (Eds.), The social construction of corruption in Europe (pp. 133–164). Ashgate Pub. Dell’Anno, R. (2019). Corruption around the world: An analysis by partial least squares—structural equation modeling. Public Choice, 184(3–4), 327–350. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-019-00758-5 Dell’Anno, R., & Teobaldelli, D. (2015). Keeping both corruption and the shadow economy in check: The role of decentralization. International Tax and Public Finance, 22(1), 1–40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10797-013-9298-4 Delzangles, H. (2014). Regulatory Authorities and Conflicts of Interest. In J.-B. Auby, E. Breen, & T. Perroud (Eds.), Corruption and conflicts of interest: A comparative law approach (pp. 15–29). Edward Elgar PubLtd.

112

http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.GEN_batch:ELGAR01620140507 Demas, R. R. (2008). All Hands on Deck: Collaborative Global Strategies in the Battle Against Corruption and Human Trafficking in Africa. University of St. Thomas Law Journal, 6, 204–658. Demas, R. R. (2011). Moment of truth: Development in sub-Saharan Africa and critical alterations needed in application of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and other anti-corruption initiatives. American University International Law Review, 26(2), 315–369. Deming, S. H. (1999). Foreign Corrupt Practices. International Law, 507-. Deming, S. H. (2006). The potent and broad-ranging implications of the accounting and record-keeping provisions of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.(The Changing Face of White-Collar Crime). Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 96(2), 465. den Nieuwenboer, N. A., & Kaptein, M. (2008). Spiraling Down into Corruption: A Dynamic Analysis of the Social Identity Processes that Cause Corruption in Organizations to Grow. Journal of Business Ethics, 83(2), 133–146. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9617-8 Deng, X. M., Wang, Y. H., Zhang, Q. Q., Huang, J. X., & Cui, J. J. (2014). Analysis of fraud risk in public construction projects in China. PUBLIC MONEY & MANAGEMENT, 34(1), 51–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540962.2014.865939 Deniozos, N., Vlados, C., & Chatzinikolaou, D. (2019). Corruption as Form of Economic Crime and Government Effectiveness (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 3466321). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3466321 Denisova-Schmidt, E., & Huber, M. (2014). Regional differences in perceived corruption among Ukrainian firms. Eurasian Geography And Economics, 55(1), 10–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/15387216.2014.915757 Denisova-Schmidt, Elena. (2020). Introduction: Corruption in Higher Education: Global Challenges and Responses. In Corruption in Higher Education (pp. 1–12). Brill Sense. https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789004433885/BP000001.xml Denisova-Schmidt, Elena, Huber, M., & Leontyeva, E. (2016). On the development of students’ attitudes towards corruption and cheating in Russian universities. European Journal of Higher Education, Journal Article, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568235.2016.1154477 Denisova-Schmidt, Elena, Huber, M., & Prytula, Y. (2015). An experimental evaluation of an anti-corruption intervention among Ukrainian university students. Eurasian Geography

113

and Economics, 56(6), 713–734. https://doi.org/10.1080/15387216.2016.1155467 Denisova-Schmidt, Elena, & Prytula, Y. (2020). Endemic Corruption in Higher Education: Lessons from Ukraine. In Corruption in Higher Education (pp. 20–24). Brill Sense. https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789004433885/BP000004.xml Denolf, B. (2008). The Impact of Corruption on Foreign Direct Investment. The Journal of World Investment & Trade, 9(3), vii–273. https://doi.org/10.1163/221190008X00016 Department for International Development. (2015). Why corruption matters: Understanding causes, effects and how to address them. Depken, C., & Lafountain, C. (2006). Fiscal consequences of public corruption: Empirical evidence from state bond ratings. Public Choice, 126(1), 75–85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-006-4315-0 Desposato, S. (2012). Corruption and Electoral Rules [Working Paper]. Devadoss, S., & Luckstead, J. (2015). Can a corrupt ruling party win a re-election through vote buying? Applied Economics, Journal Article, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2015.1073839 Devarajan, S., Khemani, S., & Walton, M. (2014). Can Civil Society Overcome Government Failure in Africa? WORLD BANK RESEARCH OBSERVER, 29(1), 20–47. https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lkt008 Devine, V. (n.d.). NGOs and corruption in post-war reconstruction: The case of Bosnia’s refugee return (U4 Practice Insight 2011). Retrieved August 3, 2016, from http://www.u4.no/publications/ngos-and-corruption-in-post-war-reconstruction-the-case- of-bosnia-s-refugee-return/ Dewan, T., & Myatt, D. P. (2007). Scandal, Protection, and Recovery in the Cabinet. American Political Science Review, 101(1), 63–77. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055407070025 Dewi, S. (2014). Balancing privacy rights and legal enforcement: Indonesian practices. Int.J.of Liability and Scientific Enquiry, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLSE.2012.051961 Dey, H. K. (1989). The genesis and spread of economic corruption: A microtheoretic interpretation. World Development, 17(4), 503–511. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750X(89)90258-1 Dhaliwal, I., & Hanna, R. (2014). Deal with the Devil: The Successes and Limitations of Bureaucratic Reform in India (Working Paper No. 20482). National Bureau of Economic Research. http://www.nber.org/papers/w20482

114

Dhami, S., & Al‐nowaihi, A. (2007). Corruption and the Provision of Public Output in a Hierarchical Asymmetric Information Relationship. Journal of Public Economic Theory, 9(4), 727–755. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9779.2007.00328.x Dheera-aumpon, S. (2015). Can shareholder rights protection reduce corruption in lending? Int.J.of Monetary Economics and Finance, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMEF.2015.070781 Di Falco, S., Magdalou, B., Masclet, D., Villeval, M.-C., & Milinger, M. (2015). Embezzlement: Does transparency of information matter? An Experiment in Tanzania [IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc]. Di John, J. (2011). Is there really a resource curse? A critical survey of theory and evidence.(Report). Global Governance, 17(2), 167. Di Puppo, L. (2010). Anti-corruption interventions in Georgia. Global Crime, 11(2), 220–236. https://doi.org/10.1080/17440571003669233 Di Puppo, L. (2014). The construction of success in anti-corruption activity in Georgia. East European Politics, 30(1), 105–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/21599165.2013.846260 Di Tella, R., & Macculloch, R. (2009). Why Doesn’t Capitalism Flow to Poor Countries? Brookings Papers On Economic Activity, 1, 285–332. Di Tella, Rafael, Donna, J., & Macculloch, R. (2008). Crime and beliefs: Evidence from Latin America. Economics Letters, 99(3), 566–569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2007.10.002 Di Tella, Rafael, & Franceschelli, I. (2011). Government Advertising and Media Coverage of Corruption Scandals. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 3(4), 119–151. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.3.4.119 Di Tella, Rafael, & MacCulloch, R. (2006). Corruption and the Demand for Regulating Capitalists. In Susan Rose-Ackerman & T. Søreide (Eds.), International handbook on the economics of corruption (pp. 352–380). Edward Elgar-c2011. Di Tella, Rafael, Perez-Truglia, R., Babino, A., & Sigman, M. (2015). Conveniently Upset: Avoiding Altruism by Distorting Beliefs about Others’ Altruism. American Economic Review, 105(11), 3416–3442. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.105.11.3416 Di Tella, Rafael, & Savedoff, W. D. (2001). Shining Light in Dark Corners. In Diagnosis corruption: Fraud in Latin America’s public hospitals. Inter-American Development Bank. Di Tella, Rafael, & Schargrodsky, E. (2003). The Role of Wages and Auditing during a Crackdown on Corruption in the City of Buenos Aires. Journal of Law and Economics, 115

46(1), 269–292. https://doi.org/10.1086/345578 Di Tella, Rafael, & Weinschelbaum, F. (2007). Choosing Agents and Monitoring Consumption: A Note on Wealth as a Corruption-Controlling Device. NBER Working Paper Series, 13163. https://doi.org/10.3386/w13163 Diaby, A., & Sylwester, K. (2014). Bureaucratic competition and public corruption: Evidence from transition countries. European Journal of Political Economy, 35(Journal Article), 75–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2014.04.002 Diaby, A., & Sylwester, K. (2015). Corruption and Market Competition: Evidence from Post-Communist Countries. World Development, 66(Generic), 487–499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.09.003 Diao, Y. (2015). Ethical Analysis of Corruption. Canadian Social Science, 11(5), 146–149. https://doi.org/10.3968/7031 Diaz-Cayeros, A., Magaloni, B., & Romero, V. (2015). Caught in the Crossfire: The Geography of Extortion and Police Corruption in Mexico. In Susan Rose-Ackerman, P. Lagunes, & Edward Elgar Publishing (Eds.), Greed, corruption, and the modern state: Essays in political economy (pp. 252-275.). Edward Elgar PubLimited. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.GEN_batch:978178471470320151028 DiBiagio, T. M. (2000). Politics and the criminal process: Federal public corruption prosecutions of popular public officials under the honest services component of the Mail and Wire Fraud Statutes. Dickinson Law Review, 105(1), 57–92. Dick, H., & Butt, S. (2013). Is Indonesia as Corrupt as Most People Believe and Is It Getting Worse? Melbourne Law School, CILIS Policy Paper. Dicke, R. A., Hendrickson, R. C., & Kutz, S. (2014). NATO’s Mafia Ally: The Strategic Consequences of Bulgarian Corruption. Comparative Strategy, 33(3), 287–298. https://doi.org/10.1080/01495933.2014.926760 Dickerson, C. M. (1999). Political corruption: Free-flowing opportunism. Connecticut Journal of International Law, 14(2), 393–405. Dietrich, S. (2011). The Politics of Public Health Aid: Why Corrupt Governments Have Incentives to Implement Aid Effectively. World Development, 39(1), 55–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2010.06.011 Dietrich, S. (2013). Bypass or Engage? Explaining Donor Delivery Tactics in Foreign Aid Allocation. International Studies Quarterly, 57(4), 698–712. https://doi.org/10.1111/isqu.12041 diGenova, J. E. (1998). The Independent Counsel Act: A good time to end a bad 116

idea.(Symposium: The Independent Counsel Act: From Watergate to Whitewater and Beyond). Georgetown Law Journal, 86(6), 2299–2305. Dille, B. (2016). Thieves of State: Why Corruption Threatens Global Security. By Sarah Chayes. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2015. Journal of Strategic Security, 9(2), 129–132. https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.9.2.1531 Dillon, A., MORTON, R. B., & TYRAN, J.-R. (2015). Corruption in Committees: An Experimental Study of Information Aggregation through Voting.(Report). 17(4), 553. Dimakou, O. (2015). Bureaucratic corruption and the dynamic interaction between monetary and fiscal policy. European Journal of Political Economy, 40(Journal Article), 57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2015.07.004 Dimant, E., & Hehenkamp, B. (2014). More Money More Problems? On the Impact of Wage Increases on Individual Corruptibility Under Uncertainty. Paderborn: MIMEO. Dimant, E., Krieger, T., & Redlin, M. (2015). A Crook is a Crook ... But is He Still a Crook Abroad? On the Effect of Immigration on Destination-Country Corruption. German Economic Review; Ger.Econ.Rev., 16(4), 464–489. https://doi.org/10.1111/geer.12064 Dimant, Eugen. (2014a). The Antecedents and Effects of Corruption – A Reassessment of Current (Empirical) Findings (MPRA Working Paper No. 60947). Dimant, Eugen. (2014b). The Nature of Corruption—An Interdisciplinary Perspective [IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc]. Dimant, Eugen, Krieger, T., & Meierrieks, D. (2013). The effect of corruption on migration, 1985–2000. Applied Economics Letters, 20(13), 1270–1274. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2013.806776 Dimitrov, M. (2015). Internal Government Assessments of the Quality of Governance in China. Studies in Comparative International Development, 50(1), 50–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12116-014-9170-2 Dimitrova-Grajzl, V., Grajzl, P., & Guse, A. J. (2012). Trust, perceptions of corruption, and demand for regulation: Evidence from post-socialist countries. Journal of Socio-Economics, 41(3), 292–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2012.01.005 Dimock, M. A., & Jacobson, G. C. (1995). Checks and Choices: The House Bank Scandal’s Impact on Voters in 1992. The Journal of Politics, 57(4), 1143–1159. https://doi.org/10.2307/2960406 Dimova, G. (2019). The 2017 Anticorruption Protests in Romania: Causes, Mechanisms, and Consequences. Taiwan Journal of Democracy, 15(1), 131–157.

117

Dincer, O. C. (2008). Ethnic and religious diversity and corruption. Economics Letters, 99(1), 98–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2007.06.003 Dincer, O. C., & Gunalp, B. (2012). Corruption and Income Inequality in the United States. Contemporary Economic Policy, 30(2), 283–292. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7287.2011.00262.x Dincer, O. C., & Johnston, M. (n.d.). Corruption Issues in State and Local Politics: Is Political Culture a Deep Determinant? Edmond J. Safra Working Papers, No. 48. Unpublished Material. http://ssrn.com/abstract=2491226; http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2491226 Dincer, O. C., & Johnston, M. (2015). Measuring Illegal and Legal Corruption in American States: Some Results from the Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics Corruption in America Survey. Safra Center for Ethics Corruption in America Survey (March 16, 2015). Edmond J. Safra Working Papers, 58. http://papers.ssrn.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2579300 Dincer, O., Ellis, C., & Waddell, G. (2010). Corruption, decentralization and yardstick competition. Economics of Governance, 11(3), 269–294. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-009-0067-x Dininio, P. (2005). The Risks of Recorruption. In B. I. Spector (Ed.), Fighting corruption in developing countries: Strategies and analysis (pp. 233–250). Kumarian Press. Dininio, P., & Orttung, R. W. (2005). Explaining Patterns of Corruption in the Russian Regions. World Politics, 57(4), 500–529. Diokno, B. E. (2012). Fiscal decentralization after 20 years: What have we learned? Where do we go from here? The Philippine Review of Economics : A Joint Publication of the University of the Philippines, School of Economics and the Philippine Economic Society, 49(1), 9–26. Dion, M. (2010a). Corruption and ethical relativism: What is at stake? Journal of Financial Crime, 17(2), 240–250. https://doi.org/10.1108/13590791011033926 Dion, M. (2010b). What is corruption corrupting? A philosophical viewpoint. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 13(1), 45–54. https://doi.org/10.1108/13685201011010209 Dion, M. (2011). Corruption, fraud and cybercrime as dehumanizing phenomena. International Journal of Social Economics, 38(5), 466–476. https://doi.org/10.1108/03068291111123156 Dion, M. (2013). Uncertainties and presumptions about corruption. Social Responsibility Journal, 9(3), 412–426. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-04-2012-0045 DiPietro, W. R., & Flint, M. S. (2012). Political corruption, economic incentive, educational 118

resource input, and the quality of human capital: A panel analysis over twenty-five years for the fifty US states. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 4(5), 25–36. Dirienzo, C. (2018). Compliance with anti-human trafficking policies: The mediating effect of corruption. Crime, Law and Social Change, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-018-9780-0 DiRienzo, C., & Das, J. (2015). Innovation and role of corruption and diversity: A cross-country study. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 15(1), 51–72. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470595814554790 Dirienzo, C. E., Das, J., Cort, K. T., & Burbridge, J. (2007). Corruption and the role of information. Journal of International Business Studies, 38(2), 320. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400262 Disch, A., Vigeland, E., & Sundet, G. (n.d.). Anti-Corruption Approaches: A Literature Review. NoradDev, Sutdy 2/2208. Retrieved August 3, 2016, from http://norad.no/en/toolspublications/publications/2009/anti-corruption-approaches-a-litera ture-review/ Dissou, Y., & Yakautsava, T. (2012). Corruption, Growth, and Taxation. Theoretical Economics Letters, 02(01), 62–66. https://doi.org/10.4236/tel.2012.21011 Ditton, J. (1977). Perks, pilferage, and the fiddle: The historical structure of invisible wages. Theory and Society, 4(1), 39–71. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00209744 Diviák, T., Dijkstra, J., & Snijders, T. (2018). Structure, multiplexity, and centrality in a corruption network: The Czech Rath affair. Trends in Organized Crime, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12117-018-9334-y Dix, S., & Pok, E. (2009). Combating Corruption in Traditional Societies. In R. I. Rotberg, M. Bunn, American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Committee on International Security Studies, John F. Kennedy School of Government. Program on Intrastate Conflict, & World Peace Foundation (Eds.), Corruption, global security, and world order (pp. 239-259.). World Peace Foundation. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.PMUSE_batch:PMUSE342320151124 Dixit, A. (2018). Anti-corruption Institutions: Some History and Theory. In Institutions, Governance and the Control of Corruption (pp. 15–49). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65684-7_2 Dixit, A. K. (2015). How Business Community Institutions Can Help Fight Corruption. The World Bank Economic Review, 29(suppl1), S25–S47. https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhv016

119

Dixit, A. K. (2016). Corruption: Supply-Side and Demand-Side Solutions. In S. M. Dev & P. G. Babu (Eds.), Development in India: Micro and Macro Perspectives (pp. 57-68.). Springer India, New Delhi. Dizon-Ross, R., Dupas, P., & Robinson, J. (2015). Governance and the Effectiveness of Public Health Subsidies (p. 21324) [NBER Working Paper Series]. Djankov, S., La Porta, R. L., López De Silanes, F., & Shleifer, A. (2002). The regulation of entry. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 117(1), 1–37. Djankov, S., La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., & Shleifer, A. (2010). Disclosure by Politicians. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2(2), 179–209. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.2.2.179 Djankov, S., Mcliesh, C., Nenova, T., & Shleifer, A. (2003). Who Owns the Media? The Journal of Law and Economics, 46(2), 341–382. https://doi.org/10.1086/377116 Djankov, S., Montalvo, J., & Reynal-Querol, M. (2008). The curse of aid. Journal of Economic Growth, 13(3), 169–194. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10887-008-9032-8 Djankov, S., Nikolova, E., & Zilinsky, J. (2016). The happiness gap in Eastern Europe. Journal of Comparative Economics, 44(1), 108–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2015.10.006 Djawadi, B., & Fahr, R. (2013). The Impact of Risk Perception and Risk Attitudes on Corrupt Behavior: Evidence from a Petty Corruption Experiment. IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc. Dobie, L. (2018). Uphill battle against corruption. Public Finance, 10, 39–39. Dobos, N. (2017). Networking, Corruption, and Subversion. Journal Of Business Ethics, 144(3), 467–478. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2853-4 Dobovsek, Bojan. (2006). Corruption, Informal Networks and Integrity Plans. In M. Kreutner (Ed.), The corruption monster: Ethik, Politik und Korruption (pp. 69-78.). Czernin. Dobratz, B., & Whitfield, S. (1992). Does scandal influence voters’ party preference? The case of Greece during the Papandreou era. European Sociological Review, 8(2), 167. Dobson, C., & Andres, A. (2011). Is Corruption Really Bad for Inequality? Evidence from Latin America. Journal of Development Studies, 47(7), 959–976. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2010.509784 Dobson, S., & Ramlogan-Dobson, C. (2010). Is there a trade-off between income inequality and corruption? Evidence from Latin America. Economics Letters, 107(2), 102–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2009.12.038 Dobson, S., & Ramlogan-Dobson, C. (2012a). Inequality, corruption and the informal sector. 120

Economics Letters, 115(1), 104–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2011.11.034 Dobson, S., & Ramlogan-Dobson, C. (2012b). Why is Corruption Less Harmful to Income Inequality in Latin America? World Development, 40(8), 1534–1545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.04.015 Doh, J. P., Rodriguez, P., Uhlenbruck, K., Collins, J., & Eden, L. (2003). Coping with corruption in foreign markets. Academy of Management Executive, 17(3), 114–127. Doig, A. (n.d.). Dealing with corruption: The next steps. Crime, Law and Social Change, 29(2–3), 99–112. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008390808395 Doig, A. (1995). Good government and sustainable anti‐corruption strategies: A role for independent anti‐corruption agencies? Public Administration and Development, 15(2), 151–165. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.4230150206 Doig, A. (1999a). Corruption and Its Control in the Developmental Context: An Analysis and Selective Review of the Literature. Third World Quarterly, 20(3), 657–676. Doig, A. (1999b). In the state we trust? Democratisation, corruption and development. Commonwealth & Comparative Politics, 37(3), 13–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/14662049908447795 Doig, A. (2006a). Dirty Hands and the Donors: Dealing with Corruption in a Post‐Mugabe Zimbabwe. Political Quarterly, 77(1), 71–78. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-923X.2006.00732.x Doig, A. (2006b). Not as Easy as it Sounds? Delivering the National Integrity System Approach in Practice: The Case Study of the National Anticorruption Programme in Lithuania. Public Administration Quarterly, 30(3/4), 273–313. Doig, A. (2011). Numbers, words and KYC: Knowing Your Country and Knowing Your Corruption. Critical Perspectives on International Business, 7(2), 142–158. http://dx.doi.org.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/10.1108/17422041111128221 Doig, A. (2014). Roadworks Ahead? Addressing Fraud, Corruption and Conflict of Interest in English Local Government. Local Government Studies, Journal Article, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/03003930.2013.859140 Doig, A., & Marquette, H. (2005). Corruption and democratisation: The litmus test of international donor agency intentions? Futures, 37(2), 199–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2004.03.026 Doig, A., & Mcivor, S. (2003). The National Integrity System: Assessing corruption and reform. Public Administration and Development, 23(4), 317–332. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.287

121

Doig, A., Mcivor, S., & Theobald, R. (2006). Numbers, nuances and moving targets: Converging the use of corruption indicators or descriptors in assessing state development. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 72(2), 239–252. Doig, A., & Norris, D. (2012). Improving anti-corruption agencies as organisations. Journal of Financial Crime, 19(3), 255–273. https://doi.org/10.1108/13590791211243101 Doig, A., & Riley, S. (1998). Corruption and Anti-Corruption Strategies: Issues and Case Studies from Developing Countries. In Corruption and integrity improvement initiatives in developing countries. New York, NY: UNDP, Management Development and Governance Div, Bureau for Development Policy. Doig, A., & Theobald, R. (2000). Corruption and democratisation. Frank Cass. Doig, A., & Tisne, M. (2009). A candidate for relegation? Corruption, governance approaches and the (re)construction of post‐war states. Public Administration and Development, 29(5), 374–386. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.543 Doig, A., Watt, D., & Williams, R. (2006). Hands‐on or hands‐off? Anti‐corruption agencies in action, donor expectations, and a good enough reality. Public Administration and Development, 26(2), 163–172. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.398 Doig, A., Watt, D., & Williams, R. (2007). Why do developing country anti‐corruption commissions fail to deal with corruption? Understanding the three dilemmas of organisational development, performance expectation, and donor and government cycles. Public Administration and Development, 27(3), 251–259. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.452 Dolan, K., Mckeown, B., & Carlson, J. (1988). Popular conceptions of political corruption—Implications for the empirical study of political ethics. Corruption and Reform, 3(1), 3–24. Dollar, D., Fisman, R., & Gatti, R. (2001). Are women really the “fairer” sex? Corruption and women in government. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 46(4), 423–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2681(01)00169-X Domfeh, K. A., & Bawole, J. N. (2011). Muting the whistleblower through retaliation in selected African countries. Journal of Public Affairs, 11(4), 334–343. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.382 Domokos, L. (2015). Strengthening integrity against corruption: The Integrity Project of the State Audit Office of Hungary. International Journal of Government Auditing, 42(3), 22–26. Domonkos, S. (2016). Who Wants a Progressive Income Tax? East European Politics & Societies and Cultures, 30(2), 423–448. https://doi.org/10.1177/0888325415602055

122

Donadelli, M., Fasan, M., & Magnanelli, B. (2014). The Agency Problem, Financial Performance and Corruption: Country, Industry and Firm Level Perspectives. European Management Review, 11(3–4), 259. Donais, T. (2003). The political economy of stalemate: Organised crime, corruption and economic deformation in post-Dayton Bosnia. Conflict, Security & Development, 3(3), 359–382. https://doi.org/10.1080/1467880032000151635 Donaldson, T., & Dunfee, T. W. (1999). Ties that bind: A social contracts approach to business ethics. Harvard Business Press. https://books-google-com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/books?hl=en&lr=&id=c71Ti8RuT1 0C&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=Donaldson,+T.+%26+T.W.+Dunfee.+1999.+Ties+that+Bind: +A+Social+Contracts+Approach+to+Business+Ethics+(Boston,+MA:+Harvard+Busines s+School+Press).&ots=5t6gMYI_s5&sig=Z11HUSyW3rWnnPz-bOj7FuaLUk4 Donchev, D., & Ujhelyi, G. (2014). What Do Corruption Indices Measure? Economics & Politics, 26(2), 309. Dong, B., Dulleck, U., & Torgler, B. (2012). Conditional corruption. Journal of Economic Psychology, 33(3), 609–627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2011.12.001 Dong, B., & Torgler, B. (2009a). Corruption and political interest: Empirical evidence at the micro level. Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics, 21(3), 295–325. Dong, B., & Torgler, B. (2009b). Corruption, Social Norms and Political Interest. Empirical Economics Letters, 8(1), 72-77. Dong, B., & Torgler, B. (2010). The Consequences of Corruption: Evidence from China [IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc]. Dong, B., & Torgler, B. (2011). Democracy, Property Rights, Income Equality, and Corruption (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 1756816). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1756816 Dong, B., & Torgler, B. (2012). Corruption and social interaction: Evidence from China. Journal of Policy Modeling, 34(6), 932–947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2012.04.005 Dong, B., & Torgler, B. (2013). Causes of corruption: Evidence from China. China Economic Review, 26, 152–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2012.09.005 Dong, Q., & Barcena-Ruiz, J. (2014). Corruption and decisions on opening up markets. Economic Modelling, 36(Journal Article), 23. Donohue, K. (2015). Combatting Fraud, Waste and Abuse: A More Proactive Approach Is the Answer. The Journal of Government Financial Management, 64(1), 54–55.

123

D’Onza, G., Brotini, F., & Zarone, V. (2017). Disclosure on Measures to Prevent Corruption Risks: A Study of Italian Local Governments. International Journal of Public Administration, 40(7), 612–624. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2016.1143000 Dormaels, A. (2015). Perceptions of corruption in Flanders: Surveying citizens and police. A study on the influence of occupational differential association on perceptions of corruption. Policing & Society, 25(6), 596. Dorotinsky, W. & S. Pradhan. (2007). Exploring Corruption in Public Financial Management. In J. Edgardo Campos, S. Pradhan, & World Bank (Eds.), The many faces of corruption: Tracking vulnerabilities at the sector level. World Bank. Dort, T., Méon, P.-G., & Sekkat, K. (2014). Does Investment Spur Growth Everywhere? Not Where Institutions Are Weak. Kyklos, 67(4), 482–505. https://doi.org/10.1111/kykl.12064 dos Santos, L. A., & da Costa, P. M. T. (2014). The contribution of lobby regulation initiatives in addressing political corruption in Latin America. Journal of Public Affairs, 14(3–4), 379. Doty, James R. (2007). Toward a Reg FCPA: A Modest Proposal for Change in Administering the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Business Lawyer, 62, 1233–1256. Douoguih, K. C. (2005). Does Mineral Resource Dependence Foster Corruption? [Working Paper]. Dowd, R. J. (1990). Civil RICO Misread: The Judicial Repeal of the 1988 Amendments to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Fordham International Law Journal, 14(4), 946. Drábek, Z. (2001). The impact of transparency on foreign direct investment (Staff working paper ERAD 99-02). Genève: WTO, Economic Research and Analysis Div. Drackle, Dorle. (2005). Where the Jeeps Come From: Narratives of Corruption in the Alentejo (Southern Portugal). In D. Haller & C. Shore (Eds.), Corruption: Anthropological perspectives. Pluto. Dreher, A., Meon, P. G., & Schneider, F. (2014). The devil is in the shadow. Do institutions affect income and productivity or only official income and official productivity? Public Choice, 158(1–2), 121–141. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-012-9954-8 Dreher, Axel, & Gassebner, M. (2013). Greasing the wheels? The impact of regulations and corruption on firm entry. Public Choice, 155(3), 413–432. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-011-9871-2 Dreher, Axel, Kotsogiannis, C., & Mccorriston, S. (2007). Corruption around the world: Evidence from a structural model. Journal of Comparative Economics, 35(3), 443–466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2007.07.001 124

Dreher, Axel, Kotsogiannis, C., & McCorriston, S. (2009). How do institutions affect corruption and the shadow economy? International Tax and Public Finance, 16(6), 773–796. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10797-008-9089-5 Dreher, Axel, & Schneider, F. (2010). Corruption and the shadow economy: An empirical analysis. Public Choice, 144(1), 215–238. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-009-9513-0 Dreher, Axel, & Siemers, L. (2005). The Intriguing Nexus between Corruption and Capital Account Restrictions. IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc. Drezner, D. W., & Hite-Rubin, N. (2014). Does Military Power Attract (Corrupt) Foreign Investment? An Empirical Investigation. [Working Paper]. Driessen, M. (2019). Laughing about Corruption in Ethiopian‐Chinese Encounters. American Anthropologist, 121(4), 911–922. https://doi.org/10.1111/aman.13320 Drugov, M. (2010). Competition in bureaucracy and corruption. Journal of Development Economics, 92(2), 107–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2009.02.004 Drugov, M., Hamman, J., & Serra, D. (2014). Intermediaries in corruption: An experiment. Experimental Economics, 17(1), 78–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10683-013-9358-8 Drury, A. C., Krieckhaus, J., & Lusztig, M. (2006). Corruption, Democracy, and Economic Growth. International Political Science Review / Revue Internationale de Science Politique, 27(2), 121–136. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512106061423 D’Souza, A. (2011). The OECD Anti-Bribery Convention: Changing the currents of trade. Journal of Development Economics, 97(1), 73–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2011.01.002 D’Souza, A., & Kaufmann, D. (2013). Who bribes in public contracting and why: Worldwide evidence from firms. Economics of Governance, 14(4), 333–367. Du, J. (2008). Corruption and Corporate Finance Patterns: An International Perspective. Pacific Economic Review, 13(2), 183–208. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0106.2008.00396.x Duasa, J. (2008). Tendency of corruption and its determinants among public servants: A case study on Malaysia. IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc. Dubois, Pascale Helene. (2012). Domestic and international administrative tools to combat fraud & corruption: A comparison of US suspension and debarment with the World Bank’s sanctions system. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 195–235. Dubois, Pascale Hélène. (2013). Sanctions at the World Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank: Addressing Corruption and Fraud in Development Assistance. In A. Del Debbio (Ed.), Temas de Anticorrupção & Compliance (pp. 45-).

125

Dubois, Pascale Helene, Ezzeddin, P., & Swan, C. D. (2016). Suspension and Debarment on the International Stage: Experiences in the World Bank’s Sanctions System. Public Procurement Law Review, 25, 61-. Dubois, Pascale Hélène, & Nowlan, A. E. (2010). Global Administrative Law and the Legitimacy of Sanctions Regimes in International Law. Yale Journal of International Law Online, 36, 15-. Dubrovskiy, V. (2006). Towards Effective Anti-Corruption Strategies in Ukraine: Removing the Cornerstone Without Toppling the Building (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 1438040). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1438040 Duckett, J. (2001). Bureaucrats in Business, Chinese-Style: The Lessons of Market Reform and State Entrepreneurialism in the People’s Republic of China. World Development, 29(1), 23–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(00)00083-8 Dudaș, L., & Mihiț, L. (2019). What Shapes Elections and Corruption in Emerging and Developing Countries ? Ovidius University Annals: Economic Sciences Series, XIX(1), 195–201. Dudas, S., & Tsolakidis, N. (2013). Host-State Counterclaims: A Remedy for Fraud or Corruption in Investment-Treaty Arbitration? Transnational Dispute Management, 10(3). Dudley, L., & Montmarquette, C. (1987). Bureaucratic corruption as a constraint on voter choice. Public Choice, 55(1), 127–160. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00156814 Duflo, E., Dupas, P., & Kremer, M. (2011). Peer effects, teacher incentives, and the impact of tracking: Evidence from a randomized evaluation in Kenya. American Economic Review, 101(5), 1739–1774. Duflo, E., Hanna, R., & Ryan, S. P. (2012). Incentives Work: Getting Teachers to Come to School. American Economic Review, 102(4), 1241–1278. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.102.4.1241 Duflo, E., & Topalova, P. (2004). Unappreciated service: Performance, perceptions, and women leaders in india (Framed Field Experiments No. 00233). The Field Experiments Website. https://ideas.repec.org/p/feb/framed/00233.html Dufwenberg, M., & Spagnolo, G. (2015). Legalizing Bribe Giving. Economic Inquiry, 53(2), 836–853. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecin.12162 Dugard, J. (2013). Corruption: Is there a Need for a New Convention. In Susan Rose-Ackerman & P. D. Carrington (Eds.), Anti-corruption policy: Can international actors play a constructive role? (pp. 159–168). Carolina Academic Press, 2013. Duggan, M., & Levitt, S. D. (2002). Winning Isnt Everything: Corruption in Sumo Wrestling. 126

American Economic Review, 92(5), 1594–1605. https://doi.org/10.1257/000282802762024665 Dumas, L. J., Wedel, J. R., & Callman, G. (2010). Confronting Corruption, Building Accountability: Lessons from the World of International Development Advising. New York, US: Palgrave Macmillan. Duncan, C. J. (2000). Comments on the 1998 Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Amendments: Moral Empiricism or Moral Imperialism. Asian Pacific Law & Policy Journal, 1, i. Duncan, N. (2006). The Non-Perception Based Measurement of Corruption: A Review of Issues and Methods from a Policy Perspective. In C. J. G. Sampford (Ed.), Measuring corruption (pp. 131-162.). Ashgate. Dunfee, T. W., & Hess, D. (2001). Getting from Salbu to the “tipping point”: The role of corporate action with a portfolio of anti-corruption strategies. Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business, 21(2), 471–490. Dusha, E. (2015). Intermediated Corruption. International Economic Review, 56(3), 997. Dussuyer, I., Mumford, S., & Sullivan, G. (2011). Reporting Corrupt Practices in the Public Interest: Innovative Approaches to Whistleblowing. In A. Graycar, R. G. Smith, A. Graycar, & R. G. Smith (Eds.), Handbook of global research and practice in corruption. Edward Elgar. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.GEN_batch:ELGAR05220150821 Dutt, P. (2009). Trade protection and bureaucratic corruption: An empirical investigation. Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue Canadienne d’économique, 42(1), 155–183. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5982.2008.01503.x Dutt, P., & Traca, D. (2010). Corruption and Bilateral Trade Flows: Extortion or Evasion? The Review of Economics and Statistics, 92(4), 843–860. https://doi.org/10.1162/REST_a_00034 Dutta, B., & Gupta, P. (2012). How Do Indian Voters Respond to Candidates with Criminal Charges: Evidence from the 2009 Lok Sabha Elections [MPRA Paper]. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/38417/ Dutta, I., & Mishra, A. (2003). Corruption and Competition in the Presence of Inequality and Market Imperfections. IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc. Dutta, N., & Sobel, R. (2016). Does corruption ever help entrepreneurship? Small Business Economics; Small Bus.Econ.Group, 47(1), 179–199. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-016-9728-7 Dutta, Nabamita, Kar, S., & Roy, S. (2013). Corruption and persistent informality: An empirical 127

investigation for India. International Review of Economics and Finance, 27, 357. Duvanova, D. (2012). Bureaucratic Discretion and the Regulatory Burden: Business Environments under Alternative Regulatory Regimes. British Journal of Political Science, 42(3), 573–596. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123411000457 Duvanova, D. (2014). Economic Regulations, Red Tape, and Bureaucratic Corruption in Post-Communist Economies. World Development, 59, 298–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.01.028 Dwivedi, O. P., Mishra, D. S., & Mishra, M. (2009). Combating Corruption in India: Challenges and Approaches. In Ting Gong & S. K. Ma (Eds.), Preventing corruption in Asia: Institutional design and policy capacity. Routledge. Dwyer, L., Golden, K., & Lehman, S. (2014). Public Corruption. The American Criminal Law Review, 51(4), 1549. Dyck, A., Morse, A., & Zingales, L. (2010). Who Blows the Whistle on Corporate Fraud? Journal of Finance, 65(6), 2213–2253. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2010.01614.x Dye, K. (n.d.). Corruption and Fraud Detection by Supreme Audit Institutions. In A. Shah (Ed.), Performance Accountability and Combating Corruption. World Bank. Retrieved August 2, 2016, from http://www.u4.no/recommended-reading/corruption-and-fraud-detection-by-supreme-aud it-institutions/ Dza, M., Gapp, R., & Fisher, R. (2015). Taking the professionalism out of the profession: A study of procurement and Africa. Int.J.of Procurement Management, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPM.2015.069152 Dzamtovska-Zdravkovska, S., Denkova, J., & Majhosev, A. (2014). Transparecy v. Corruption: The Case of Republic of Macedonia. Bulgarian Journal of Science and Education Policy, 8(2), 295–310. Dzhumashev, R. (2016). The Role of Income Uncertainty in the Corruption-Growth Nexus. B E Journal Of Economic Analysis & Policy; B E J.Econ.Anal.Policy, 16(2), 1169–1201. https://doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2015-0056 Dzhumashev, Ratbek. (2014a). Corruption and growth: The role of governance, public spending, and economic development. Economic Modelling, 37(Journal Article), 202. Dzhumashev, Ratbek. (2014b). The two-way relationship between government spending and corruption and its effects on economic growth. Contemporary Economic Policy : A Journal of Western Economic Association International, 32(2), 403–419. Ear, S. (2007). Does Aid Dependence Worsen Governance? International Public Management 128

Journal, 10(3), 259–286. https://doi.org/10.1080/10967490701515580 Ear, S. (2016). Combating corruption in Cambodia. Asian Education and Development Studies, 5(2), 159–174. Earle, B. (1996). The United States’ Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the OECD anti-bribery recommendation: When moral suasion won’t work, try the money argument. (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development). Dickinson Journal of International Law, 14(2), 207–242. Earle, B. (2000). Bribery and corruption in Eastern Europe, the Baltic States, and the Commonwealth of Independent States: What is to be done? Cornell International Law Journal, 33(3), 483. Earle, B., & Cava, A. (2008). Are anti-corruption efforts paying off? International and national measures in the Asia-Pacific region and their impact on India and multinational corporations. The University of Hawaii Law Review, 31(1), 59–86. Earle, B., & Cava, A. (2014). The penumbra of the United States’ Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: Brazil’s Clean Companies Act and implications for the pharmaceutical industry. Richmond Journal of Global Law and Business, 13(3), 439–468. Easterly, W., & Pfutze, T. (2008). Where Does the Money Go? Best and Worst Practices in Foreign Aid. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 22(2), 29–52. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.22.2.29 Eaton, J. S. (2020). Combatting Academic Corruption: Quality Assurance and Accreditation Moving Forward. In Corruption in Higher Education (pp. 167–171). Brill Sense. https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789004433885/BP000031.xml Eboe-Osuji, Chile. (2005). A Desired Subject of International Criminal Law that Is in Dire Need of Prosecution by Universal Jurisdication. In E. A. Ankumah, E. K. Kwakwa, & Africa Legal Aid (Eds.), African perspectives on international criminal justice (pp. 132-). Africa Legal Aid. Echazu, L. (2008). Corruption, centralization, and the shadow economy. Southern Economic Journal, 75(2), 524–537. Echazu, L. (2010). Corruption and the Balance of Gender Power. Review of Law & Economics, 6(1), 59–74. https://doi.org/10.2202/1555-5879.1397 Echazu, L., & Garoupa, N. (2010). Corruption and the Distortion of Law Enforcement Effort. American Law and Economics Review, 12(1), 162–180. https://doi.org/10.1093/aler/ahp020 Edling, H. (2005). Preventing corruption in public finance management: A practical guide. 129

Efobi, U. (2015). Politicians’ Attributes and Institutional Quality in Africa: A Focus on Corruption. Journal of Economic Issues, 49(3), 787–813. https://doi.org/10.1080/00213624.2015.1072393 Egger, P., & Winner, H. (2005). Evidence on corruption as an incentive for foreign direct investment. European Journal of Political Economy, 21(4), 932–952. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2005.01.002 Egger, P., & Winner, H. (2006). How Corruption Influences Foreign Direct Investment: A Panel Data Study. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 54(2), 459–486. https://doi.org/10.1086/497010 Eggers, A. (2014). Partisanship and Electoral Accountability: Evidence from the UK Expenses Scandal. Quarterly Journal Of Political Science, 9(4), 441–472. https://doi.org/10.1561/100.00013140 Eggers, A. C., & Hainmueller, J. (2009). MPs for Sale? Returns to Office in Postwar British Politics. American Political Science Review, 103(4), 513–533. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055409990190 Eggers, A. C., & Hainmueller, J. (2013). Capitol Losses: The Mediocre Performance of Congressional Stock Portfolios. The Journal of Politics, 75(2), 535–551. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022381613000194 Eggers, A., & Spirling, A. (2014). Guarding the Guardians: Legislative Self-Policing and Electoral Corruption in Victorian Britain. Quarterly Journal Of Political Science, 9(3), 337–370. https://doi.org/10.1561/100.00013098 Egharevba, E., & Atkinson, J. (2016). The role of corruption and unethical behaviour in precluding the placement of industry sponsored clinical trials in sub-Saharan Africa: Stakeholder views. Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications, 3(Journal Article), 102–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conctc.2016.04.009 Egorov, G., Guriev, S., & Sonin, K. (2009). Why Resource-poor Dictators Allow Freer Media: A Theory and Evidence from Panel Data. American Political Science Review, 103(4), 645–668. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055409990219 Ehrlich, I., & Lui, F. (1999). Bureaucratic corruption and endogenous economic growth. 107(6, Part 2 Suppl. S), S270–S293. Ehsan, M. (2006). When Implementation Fails: The Case of Anti-Corruption Commission (ACC) and Corruption Control in Bangladesh’. Asian Affairs, 28(3), 40–63. Eicher, T., García-Peñalosa, C., & Ypersele, T. (2009). Education, corruption, and the distribution of income. Journal of Economic Growth, 14(3), 205–231.

130

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10887-009-9043-0 Eigen, P. (1998). The Role of Civil Society. In Corruption and integrity improvement initiatives in developing countries (pp. 83–89). New York, NY: UNDP, Management Development and Governance Div, Bureau for Development Policy. Eigen, P. (2002). Measuring and combating corruption. The Journal of Policy Reform, 5(4), 187–201. https://doi.org/10.1080/1384128032000096805 Eigen, P. (2007). Fighting corruption in a global economy: Transparency initiatives in the oil and gas industry. Houston Journal of International Law, 29(2), 327. Eigen, P. (2009). A Coalition To Combat Corruption: TI, EITI, and Civil Society. In R. I. Rotberg, M. Bunn, American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Committee on International Security Studies, John F. Kennedy School of Government. Program on Intrastate Conflict, & World Peace Foundation (Eds.), Corruption, global security, and world order (pp. 416-429.). World Peace Foundation. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.PMUSE_batch:PMUSE342320151124 Eilat, Y., & Zinnes, C. (2002). The Shadow Economy in Transition Countries: Friend or Foe? A Policy Perspective. World Development, 30(7), 1233–1254. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(02)00036-0 Einhorn, A. (2007). The evolution and endpoint of responsibility: The FCPA, SOX, socialist-oriented governments, gratuitous promisies, and a novel CSR code. The Denver Journal of International Law and Policy, 35(3), 509–546. Eisler, J. (2011). The Unspoken Institutional Battle Over Anticorruption: Citizens United, Honest Services, and the Legislative-Judicial Divide. First Amendment Law Review, 9, 363–749. Eizenstat, S.E. (1998). Promoting the Rule of Law and Anti-Corruption in a Globalized Economy. Economic Perspectives, 12(1), 4–7. Eke, S. J., & Tonwe, D. (2016). Address Causes not Symptoms: Engaging the Festering Culture of Impunity from the Dimension of Fragility in Nigeria. African Studies; Afr.Stud., 75(1), 133–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/00020184.2015.1129135 Ekwueme, E. (2021). Dampening corruption and money laundering: Emissions from soft laws. Journal of Money Laundering Control, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-10-2020-0115 Elaad, G., Krumer, A., & Kantor, J. (2018). Corruption and Sensitive Soccer Games: Cross-Country Evidence. Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization, 34(3), 364–394. Elbahnasawy, N. G. (2014). E-Government, Internet Adoption, and Corruption: An Empirical 131

Investigation. World Development, 57(Journal Article), 114–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2013.12.005 Elbahnasawy, Nasr G., & Revier, C. F. (2012). The Determinants of Corruption: Cross‐Country‐Panel‐Data Analysis. Developing Economies, 50(4), 311–333. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1049.2012.00177.x Eldridge, P. T. (2013). Without bounds: Navigating corporate compliance through enforcement of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Arkansas Law Review, 66(3), 733–773. Eliason, R. D. (2009). Surgery with a Meat Axe: Using Honest Services Fraud to Prosecute Federal Corruption. The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-), 99(4), 929–986. Elliott, K. A. (1997a). Corruption and the global economy. Institute for International Economics. Elliott, K. A. (1997b). Corruption as an International Policy Problem: Overview and Recommendations. In Corruption and the global economy (p. . 175-233). Institute for International Economics. Elliott, K. A. (1998). The problem of corruption: A tale of two countries.(Kenya, Uganda)(A Review of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act on Its Twentieth Anniversary: Its Appliction, Defense and International Aftermath). Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business, 18(2), 524–534. Ellis, C., & Fender, J. (2006). Corruption and Transparency in a Growth Model. International Tax and Public Finance, 13(2), 115–149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10797-006-1664-z Ellis, S. D. K. (2006). The roots of African corruption. 105(691). Emerson, P. M. (2002). Corruption and industrial dualism in less developed countries. The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 11(1), 63–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638190110093163 Emerson, P. M. (2006). Corruption, competition and democracy. Journal of Development Economics, 81(1), 193–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2005.04.005 Enderwick, P. (2005). What’s Bad About Crony Capitalism? Asian Business & Management, 4(2), 117–132. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.abm.9200126 Engel, C., Goerg, S., & Yu, G. (2012). Symmetric vs. Asymmetric Punishment Regimes for Bribery. IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc. Engelbert, A., & Kubbe, I. (2018). Introduction. Crime, Law and Social Change, 70(3), 293–298. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9738-7 Engle, E. (2010). I get by with a little help from my friends? Understanding the U.K. 132

Anti-Bribery Statute, by reference to the OECD Convention and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.(Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development). International Lawyer, 44(4), 1173. Englebert, P. (2000). Solving the Mystery of the AFRICA Dummy. World Development, 28(10), 1821–1835. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(00)00052-8 Engler, S. (2016). Corruption and Electoral Support for New Political Parties in Central and Eastern Europe. West European Politics; West Eur.Polit., 39(2), 278–304. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2015.1084127 Engvall, J. (2014). Why are public offices sold in Kyrgyzstan? POST-SOVIET AFFAIRS, 30(1), 67–85. https://doi.org/10.1080/1060586X.2013.818785 Engvall, Johan. (2012). Against the Grain: How Georgia Fought Corruption and What It Means. Washington, DC& Stockholm: Central Asia-Caucasus Institute & Silk Road Studies Program. http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:609285/FULLTEXT01.pdf Eniayejuni, A., & Evcan, N. S. (2015). Nigeria: Corruption arising from bad leadership. European Scientific Journal, 11(13), 62. Enikolopov, R., & Zhuravskaya, E. (2007). Decentralization and political institutions. Journal of Public Economics, 91(11), 2261–2290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2007.02.006 Ensor, T. (2004). Informal payments for health care in transition economies. Social Science & Medicine, 58(2), 237–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(03)00007-8 Epperly, B., & Lee, T. (2015). Corruption and NGO Sustainability: A Panel Study of Post-communist States. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 26(1), 171–197. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-013-9404-3 Erard, B., & Feinstein, J. S. (1994). Honesty and Evasion in the Tax Compliance Game. The RAND Journal of Economics, 25(1), 1–19. Eren, T., & Jimenez, A. (2015). Institutional quality similarity, corruption distance and inward FDI in Turkey*. Journal for East European Management Studies, 20(1), 88–101. Erlingsson, G., Bergh, A., & Sjölin, M. (2008). Public Corruption in Swedish Municipalities – Trouble Looming on the Horizon? Local Government Studies, 34(5), 595–608. https://doi.org/10.1080/03003930802413780 Ernst, J. (2011). The Dodd-Frank whistleblower provision: Throwing fuel on the fire for Foreign Corrupt Practices Act compliance. Arizona State Law Journal, 43(4), 1313–1343. Erwin, P. (2011). Corporate Codes of Conduct: The Effects of Code Content and Quality on Ethical Performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 99(4), 535–548.

133

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0667-y Esarey, J., & Chirillo, G. (2013). “Fairer Sex” or Purity Myth? Corruption, Gender, and Institutional Context. Politics & Gender, 9(4), 361–389. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1743923X13000378 Escaleras, M., Calcagno, P. T., & Shughart, W. F. (2012). Corruption and voter participation: Evidence from the US states. Public Finance Review, 1091142112446846. Escaleras, M., Lin, S., & Register, C. (2010). Freedom of information acts and public sector corruption. Public Choice, 145(3), 435–460. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-009-9574-0 Escobar-Lemmon, M., & Ross, A. D. (2014). Does Decentralization Improve Perceptions of Accountability? Attitudinal Evidence from Colombia. American Journal of Political Science, 58(1), 175–188. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12043 Escresa, L., & Picci, L. (2015). A new cross-national measure of corruption. IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc. Eskeland, G. S. (1999). Corruption under Moral Hazard (World Bank Research Working Paper 2204). The World Bank. http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/abs/10.1596/1813-9450-2204 Espinosa-Ramrez, R. (2015). Corruption, trade and institutional reforms. International Journal of Trade and Global Markets, 8(2), 127. Estache, A., Goicoechea, A., & Trujillo, L. (2009). Utilities reforms and corruption in developing countries. Utilities Policy, 17(2), 191–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2008.07.002 Estache, A., & Kouassi, E. (2002). Sector Organization, Governance, and the Inefficiency of African Water Utilities (Working Paper No. 2890; World Bank Policy Research). The World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-2890 Estache, A., & Rossi, M. A. (2008). Regulatory agencies: Impact on firm performance and social welfare (No. WPS4509; World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, pp. 1–28). The World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/485821468315324364/Regulatory-agencies-i mpact-on-firm-performance-and-social-welfare Estache, A., & Trujillo, L. (2009). Corruption and infrastructure services: An overview. Utilities Policy, 17(2), 153–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2008.09.002 Estache, A., & Wren-Lewis, L. (2006). Anti-Corruption Policy in Theories of Sector Regulation. In Susan Rose-Ackerman & T. Søreide (Eds.), International handbook on the economics of corruption (pp. 269–298). Edward Elgar-c2011.

134

Etzioni, A. (1988). Capital corruption: The new attack on American democracy. Transaction Books. Euben, J. P. (1989). Corruption. In T. Ball, J. Farr, & R. L. Hanson (Eds.), Political innovation and conceptual change (pp. 220-246.). Cambridge University Press. Evenett, S. J., & Hoekman, B. (2004). Government Procurement: Market Access, Transparency, and Multilateral Trade Rules (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3195). The World Bank. http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/abs/10.1596/1813-9450-3195 Everett, J., Neu, D., & Rahaman, A. (2006). The Global Fight against Corruption: A Foucaultian, Virtues-Ethics Framing. Journal of Business Ethics, 65(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-005-8715-8 Everett, J., Neu, D., & Rahaman, A. S. (2007). Accounting and the global fight against corruption. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 32(6), 513–542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2006.07.002 Everhart, S. S., Vazquez, J. M.-, & Mcnab, R. M. (2009). Corruption, governance, investment and growth in emerging markets. Applied Economics, 41(13), 1579–1594. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840701439363 Evrenk, H. (2011). Why a clean politician supports dirty politics: A game-theoretical explanation for the persistence of political corruption. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 80(3), 498–510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2011.05.004 Evrensel, A. (2009). Differences in bank regulations: The role of governance and corruption. Journal of Economic Policy Reform, 12(2), 91–110. https://doi.org/10.1080/17487870902872870 Evrensel, A. (2010). Institutional and economic determinants of corruption: A cross-section analysis. Applied Economics Letters, 17(6), 551–554. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504850802297814 Evrensel, A. Y. (2010). Corruption, growth, and growth volatility. International Review of Economics and Finance, 19(3), 501–514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2009.08.002 Ewoh, A. I. E., Matei, A., & Matei, L. (2013). Corruption, public integrity, and globalization in South-Eastern European states. A comparative analysis. Theoretical and Applied Economics, 1(578)(1(578)), 7–34. Ezebilo, E. E., Odhuno, F., & Kavan, P. (2019). The Perceived Impact of Public Sector Corruption on Economic Performance of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises in a Developing Country. Economies, 7(3), 89. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies7030089 Faber, G., & Gerritse, M. (2011). Foreign determinants of local institutions: Spatial dependence 135

and openness. European Journal of Political Economy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2011.09.005 Faccio, M. (2006). Politically connected firms. American Economic Review, 96(1), 369–386. Faccio, M., Masulis, R. W., & Mcconnell, J. J. (2006). Political Connections and Corporate Bailouts. Journal of Finance, 61(6), 2597–2635. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2006.01000.x Faccio, M., & Parsley, D. C. (2009). Sudden Deaths: Taking Stock of Geographic Ties. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 44(3), 683–718. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022109009990068 Fackler, T., & Lin, T.-M. (1995). Political Corruption and Presidential Elections, 1929-1992. The Journal of Politics, 57(4), 971–993. https://doi.org/10.2307/2960398 Factor, R., & Kang, M. (2015). Corruption and population health outcomes: An analysis of data from 133 countries using structural equation modeling. International Journal of Public Health, 60(6), 633–641. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-015-0687-6 Fadairo, O., & Ladele, A. (2014). Attitudes and Perception of Corrupt Practices among Public Officials in the Agricultural Sector in Southwestern Nigeria. Developing Country Studies, 4(8), 1–8. Falaschetti, D., & Miller, G. (2001). Constraining Leviathan: Moral Hazard and Credible Commitment in Constitutional Design. Journal of Theoretical Politics, 13(4), 389–411. Falkingham, J. (2004). Poverty, out-of-pocket payments and access to health care: Evidence from Tajikistan. Social Science & Medicine, 58(2), 247–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(03)00008-X Falkingham, J., Akkazieva, B., & Baschieri, A. (2010). Trends in out-of-pocket payments for health care in Kyrgyzstan, 2001–2007. Health Policy and Planning, 25(5), 427–436. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czq011 Faller, J. K. (2015). The system matters: Corruption and vote choice in Uganda. Commonwealth & Comparative Politics, 53(4), 428–456. https://doi.org/10.1080/14662043.2015.1094891 Fallon, F., & Cooper, B. J. (2015). Corporate Culture and Greed—The Case of the Australian Wheat Board. Australian Accounting Review, 25(1), 71. Fan, C., Lin, C., & Treisman, D. (2009). Political decentralization and corruption: Evidence from around the world. 93(1–2), 14–34. Fan, C. S., & Grossman, H. I. (2001). Incentives and corruption in chinese economic reform. The

136

Journal of Policy Reform, 4(3), 195–206. https://doi.org/10.1080/13841280108523419 Fan, J. P. H., Guan, F., Li, Z., & Yang, Y. G. (2014). Relationship Networks and Earnings Informativeness: Evidence from Corruption Cases. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 41(7–8), 831–866. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbfa.12078 Fan, J. P. H., Rui, O. M., & Zhao, M. (2008). Public governance and corporate finance: Evidence from corruption cases. Journal of Comparative Economics, 36(3), 343–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2008.05.001 Fanjul, J. A. (2008). Corporate corruption in Latin America: Acceptance, bribery, compliance, denial, economics, and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Penn State International Law Review, 26(3), 735–763. Fantaye, D. (2004). Fighting corruption and embezzlement in Third World countries. Journal of Criminal Law, 68(2), 170–176. Fărcășanu, D. (2010). Population perception on corruption, informal payments and introduction of co-payments in the public health system in Romania. Management in Health, 14(1), 8–13. https://doi.org/10.5233/mih.v14i1.97 Färdigh, M. A. (2013). Free, Accessible Media and Quality of Government. Qog Working Paper Series, Gothenburg: The Quality Of Government Institute, 2013:16 S. 32. Fariello, F. A., & Daly, C. C. (2013). Coordinating the fight against corruption among MDBS: The past, present, and future of sanctions. The George Washington International Law Review, 45(2), 253–269. Farla, K. (2014). Determinants of firms’ investment behaviour: A multilevel approach. Applied Economics, 46(34), 4231–4241. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2014.955167 Farooq, A., Shahbaz, M., Arouri, M., & Teulon, F. (2013). Does corruption impede economic growth in Pakistan? Economic Modelling, 35, 622–633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2013.08.019 Faruq, H. (2013). Corruption, bureaucracy and firm productivity in Africa. Review of Development Economics, 17(1), 117–129. Fasano, D. T. (2012). United States v. Aguilar: District Court attempts clarification of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act by further defining “foreign official.” Tulane Journal of International and Comparative Law, 20(2), 489–504. Faughman, Brian M. & Mitchell A. Seligson. (2015). Corruption in Latin America: A View from the AmericasBarometer. In P. Heywood (Ed.), Routledge handbook of political corruption (pp. 212-224.). Routledge.

137

Faughnan, B. M., Hiskey, J. T., & Revey, S. D. (2014). Subnational electoral contexts and corruption in Mexico/Contextos electorales subnacionales y corrupcion en Mexico. Journal of Politics in Latin America, 6(1), 45. Faulend, M., & Sosic, V. (1999). Is Unofficial Economy a Source of Corruption? IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc. Fay, C. (1995). Political sleaze in France: Forms and issues.(Sleaze: Politics, Private Interests and Public Reaction). Parliamentary Affairs, 48(4), 663. Fazekas, Mihály. (2017). Red tape, bribery and government favouritism: Evidence from Europe. Crime, Law and Social Change, 68(4), 403–429. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9694-2 Fazekas, Mihaly, Cingolani, L., & Toth, B. (2016). Conceptualizing Objective Corruption Proxies in Government Contracting: Actors, Transactions, and Vehicles in Rent Extraction. Working Paper. Fazekas, Mihály, & Kocsis, G. (2017). Uncovering High-Level Corruption: Cross-National Objective Corruption Risk Indicators Using Public Procurement Data. British Journal of Political Science, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123417000461 Fedran, J., Dobovsek, B., & Azman, B. (2015). Assessing the Preventive Anti- Corruption Efforts in Slovenia. Varstvoslovje, 17(1), 82–82. Feichtinger, G., & Wirl, F. (1994). On the stability and potential cyclicity of corruption in governments subject to popularity constraints. Mathematical Social Sciences, 28(2), 113–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-4896(94)00750-0 Feichtinger, Gustav. (2000). On the Economics of Corruption and Illicit Drugs. Applications of Mathematics and Statistics in Economy, 6, 21–26. Fein, E., & Weibler, J. (2014a). Cognitive basis for corruption and attitudes towards corruption in organizations viewed from a structuralist adult developmental meta-perspective. Behavioral Development Bulletin, 19(3), 78–94. Fein, E., & Weibler, J. (2014b). Review and shortcomings of literature on corruption in organizations in offering a multi-faceted and integrative understanding of the phenomenon. Behavioral Development Bulletin, 19(3), 67–77. Feitosa, F. (2020). Theoretically, yes, but also empirically? How the corruption-turnout link is marginally explained by civic duty to vote. Electoral Studies, 66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2020.102162 Feliciano, F. P. (2012). Random Reflections on the Bar, Corruption and the Practice of Law. Philippine Law Journal, 86, 225–242. 138

Fell, D. (2005). Political and media liberalization and political corruption in Taiwan. China Quarterly, 184, 875–893. Felson, M. (2011). Corruption in the Broad Sweep of History. In A. Graycar, R. G. Smith, A. Graycar, & R. G. Smith (Eds.), Handbook of global research and practice in corruption. Edward Elgar. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.GEN_batch:ELGAR05220150821 Fendo, J. (2000). Attacking the Tools of Corruption: The Foreign Money Laundering Deterrence and Anticorruption Act of 1999. Fordham International Law Journal, 23, 1540–1576. Fenner, G., & Wehrle, F. (2001). The Internet Culture in the Fight Against Corruption. In K. ADB-OECD Conference on Combatting Corruption in the Asia-Pacific Region : Seoul (Ed.), Progress in the fight against corruption in Asia and the Pacific: Papers presented at the joint ABD-OECD Conference on Combatting Corruption in the Asia-Pacific Region, Seoul, Korea, 11-13 December 2000. Asian Development Bank. Fergusson, L., Molina, C., & Riaño, J. F. (2018). I Sell My Vote, and So What? Incidence, Social Bias, and Correlates of Clientelism in Colombia. Economía, 19(1), 181–218. https://doi.org/10.1353/eco.2018.0011 Fernández-Vázquez, P., Barberá, P., & Rivero, G. (2016). Rooting Out Corruption or Rooting for Corruption? The Heterogeneous Electoral Consequences of Scandals. Political Science Research and Methods, 4(02), 379–397. https://doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2015.8 Ferraz, C., & Finan, F. (2008). Motivating Politicians: The Impacts of Monetary Incentives on Quality and Performance. IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc. Ferraz, C., & Finan, F. (2018). Fighting Political Corruption: Evidence from Brazil. In Institutions, Governance and the Control of Corruption (pp. 253–284). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65684-7_9 Ferraz, C., Finan, F., & Moreira, D. (2012). Corrupting Learning: Evidence from Missing Federal Education Funds in Brazil. NBER Working Paper Series, 18150. https://doi.org/10.3386/w18150 Ferreira, I. W., & Bayat, M. S. (2005). Curbing corruption in the Republic of South Africa: Learn how new measures put in place since the 1996 Constitution, such as the drafting of codes of conduct, whistle-blowing, and training initiatives, are making public officials more aware of the need for ethical conduct in their public dealings. The Public Manager, 34(2), 15. Ferreras, L. (2013). Corruption and Foreign Education. Journal of Politics & Society, 24, 160–189.

139

Ferretti, M. P. (2018). A Taxonomy of Institutional Corruption. Social Philosophy and Policy, 35(2), 242–263. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0265052519000086 Ferreyra-Orozco, G. (2010). Understanding Corruption in a State Supreme Court in Central Mexico: An Ethnographic Approach. Human Organization, 69(3), 242–251. Ferwerda, J. (2009). The Economics of Crime and Money Laundering: Does Anti-Money Laundering Policy Reduce Crime? Review of Law & Economics, 5(2), 903–929. https://doi.org/10.2202/1555-5879.1421 Ferwerda, J., Kattenberg, M., Chang, H.-H., Unger, B., Groot, L., & Bikker, J. A. (2013). Gravity models of trade-based money laundering. Applied Economics, 45(22), 3170–3182. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2012.699190 Ficici, A., Caron, M. I., & Richter, C. L. (2012). The influence of corruption on corporate governance standards: Shared characteristics of rapidly developing economies. Emerging Markets Journal : Emaj, 2(1), 21–37. Fieger, P., & Rice, B. S. (2018). Whistle-blowing in the Australian Public Service. Personnel Review, 47(3), 613–629. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-07-2017-0203 Field Jr., A., Sosa, L. A., & Wu, X. (2006). Effects of Endogenous Bribes on Foreign Direct Investment [Working Paper]. Figueiredo, A. T. D. (2017). Corruption and human rights: Beyond the link. Finan, F., & Schechter, L. (2012). Vote-Buying and Reciprocity. Econometrica, 80(2), 863–881. https://doi.org/10.3386/w17411 Findley, M. G., Nielson, D. L., & Sharman, J. (2015). Causes of Noncompliance with International Law: A Field Experiment on Anonymous Incorporation. American Journal of Political Science, 59(1), 146–161. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12141 Findley, M., Nielson, D., & Sharman, J. (2015). Global shell games: Experiments in transnational relations, crime, and terrorism. Choice Reviews Online, 53(04), 53-1959-53–1959. https://doi.org/10.5860/CHOICE.187204 Findley, M., Nielson, D., & Sharman, J. C. (2013). Using Field Experiments in International Relations: A Randomized Study of Anonymous Incorporation1. International Organization, 67(4), 657–693. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818313000271 Finn, D. (1995). Ethical Decision Making in Organizations: A Management Employee-Organisation Whistleblowing Model. Research on Accounting Ethics, 1, 291–313. Finnie, B. W., Gibson, L. K., & McNabb, D. E. (2006). Economic development: Corruption,

140

complexity, wealth, and a triad of strains. Humanomics, 22(4), 185–204. https://doi.org/10.1108/08288660610710728 Fiodendji, K., & Evlo, K. (2015). Do Institutions Quality Affect FDI Inflows in Sub-Saharan African Countries? Journal of Applied Finance and Banking, 5(1), 111–135. Fiorino, N., Galli, E., & Padovano, F. (2015). How long does it take for government decentralization to affect corruption? Economics of Governance, 16(3), 273–305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-015-0156-y Fiorino, N., Galli, E., & Petrarca, I. (2012). Corruption and Growth: Evidence from the Italian regions. European Journal of Government and Economics, 1(2), 126–144. Fiorino, Nadia, Emma Galli & Fabio Padovano. (2013). Do Fiscal Decentralization and Government Fragmentation Affect Corruption in Different Ways? Evidence from a Panel Data Analysis. In S. Lago Peñas & J. Martinez-Vazquez (Eds.), The challenge of local government sizes: Theoretical perspectives, international experience and policy reform (pp. 121–147). Edward Elgar. Firger, D. (2010). Transparency And The Natural Resource Curse: Examining The New Extraterritorial Information Forcing Rules In The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform Act Of 2010. Georgetown Journal of International Law, 41(4), 1043–1095. Fišar, M., Kubák, M., Špalek, J., & Tremewan, J. (2016). Gender differences in beliefs and actions in a framed corruption experiment. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, 63(Journal Article), 69–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2016.05.004 Fischer, R., Ferreira, M., Milfont, T., & Pilati, R. (2014). Culture of Corruption? The Effects of Priming Corruption Images in a High Corruption Context. Journal of Cross - Cultural Psychology, 45(10), 1594. Fisher, A. S., Yatter, D. K., Greenburg, D. N., Baker III, W. R., Dozier, B. A., & Greenberg, R. J. (2019). CFTC enters the market for anti-corruption enforcement. Journal of Investment Compliance, 20(3), 32–38. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOIC-06-2019-0038 Fisher, E. (2010). Transparency and Administrative Law: A Critical Evaluation. Current Legal Problems, 63(1), 272–314. https://doi.org/10.1093/clp/63.1.272 Fisman, D., Fisman, R. J., Galef, J., Khurana, R., & Wang, Y. (2012). Estimating the Value of Connections to Vice-President Cheney. The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.1515/1935-1682.3272 Fisman, R. (2001). Estimating the Value of Political Connections. American Economic Review, 91(4), 1095–1102. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.91.4.1095 Fisman, R. (2010). Economic gangsters: Corruption, violence, and the poverty of nations. 141

Princeton, NJ; Princeton University Press. Fisman, R. (2015). Political Connections and Commerce – A Global Perspective. In Susan Rose-Ackerman & P. Lagunes (Eds.), Greed, corruption, and the modern state: Essays in political economy (pp. 71–91). Edward Elgar PubLimited. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.GEN_batch:978178471470320151028 Fisman, R., & Gatti, R. (2002a). Decentralization and corruption: Evidence across countries. Journal of Public Economics, 83(3), 325–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(00)00158-4 Fisman, R., & Gatti, R. (2002b). Decentralization and Corruption: Evidence from U.S. Federal Transfer Programs. Public Choice, 113(1), 25–35. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020311511787 Fisman, R., & Gatti, R. (2006). Bargaining for Bribes: The Role of Institutions. In Susan Rose-Ackerman & T. Søreide (Eds.), International handbook on the economics of corruption (pp. 127–139). Edward Elgar-c2011. Fisman, R., & Miguel, E. (2007). Corruption, Norms, and Legal Enforcement: Evidence from Diplomatic Parking Tickets. Journal of Political Economy, 115(6), 1020–1048. https://doi.org/10.1086/527495 Fisman, R., Schulz, F., & Vig, V. (2014). The Private Returns to Public Office. Journal of Political Economy, 122(4), 806–862. Fisman, R., & Svensson, J. (2007). Are corruption and taxation really harmful to growth? Firm level evidence. Journal of Development Economics, 83(1), 63–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2005.09.009 Fisman, R., & Wang, Y. (2015). Corruption in Chinese Privatizations. Journal of Law Economics & Organization, 31(1), 1. Fisman, R., & Wei, S.-J. (2004). Tax Rates and Tax Evasion: Evidence from “Missing Imports” in China. Journal of Political Economy, 112(2), 471–496. https://doi.org/10.1086/381476 Fisman, R., & Wei, S.-J. (2009). The Smuggling of Art, and the Art of Smuggling: Uncovering the Illicit Trade in Cultural Property and Antiques. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 1(3), 82–96. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.1.3.82 Fitzsimons, V. G. (2007). Economic Models of Corruption. In S. Bracking (Ed.), Corruption and development: The anti-corruption campaigns (pp. 46-74.). Palgrave Macmillan. Fjelde, H. (2009). Buying Peace? Oil Wealth, Corruption and Civil War, 1985—99. Journal of Peace Research, 46(2), 199–218. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343308100715

142

Fjelde, H., & Hegre, H. (2014). Political Corruption and Institutional Stability. Studies in Comparative International Development, 49(3), 267–299. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12116-014-9155-1 Fjeldstad, O. (2001). Taxation, coercion and donors: Local government tax enforcement in Tanzania. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 39(2), 289–306. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X01003627 Fjeldstad, O. (2003). Fighting fiscal corruption: Lessons from the Tanzania Revenue Authority. Public Administration and Development, 23(2), 165–175. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.278 Fjeldstad, O.-H. (2005). Revenue administration and corruption (U4 Issue Paper No. 2). Chr. Michelsen Institute. Fjeldstad, O.-H. (2006). Corruption in Tax Administration: Lessons from Institutional Reforms in Uganda. In Susan Rose-Ackerman & T. Søreide (Eds.), International handbook on the economics of corruption (pp. 484–511). Edward Elgar-c2011. Fjeldstad, O.-H. (2009). The pursuit of integrity in customs: Experiences from sub-Saharan Africa (CMI Working Paper WP 2009: 8). Fjeldstad, O.-H., Kolstad, I., & Nygaard, K. (2006). Bribes, taxes and regulations: Business constraints for micro enterprises in Tanzania (CMI Working Paper WP 2006: 2). Chr. Michelsen Institute. Fjeldstad, O.-H., & Tungodden, B. (2003a). Fiscal Corruption: A Vice or a Virtue. World Development, 31(8), 1459–1467. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(03)00103-7 Fjeldstad, O.-H., & Tungodden, B. (2003b). “Fiscal Corruption: A Vice or a Virtue”––A Reply. World Development, 31(8), 1473–1475. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(03)00103-7 Flatters, F., & Macleod, W. (1995). Administrative corruption and taxation. International Tax and Public Finance, 2(3), 397–417. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00872774 Flavin, P., & Ledet, R. (2013). Religion and Government Corruption in the American States. Public Integrity, 15(4), 329–344. https://doi.org/10.2753/PIN1099-9922150401 Flavin, P., & Montgomery, F. (2019). Freedom of the press and perceptions about government corruption. International Political Science Review, 41(4), 019251211985846–566. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512119858469 Fleischacker, S. (2018). “Dismembering the Human Character”: Adam Ferguson’s Conception of Corruption. Social Philosophy and Policy, 35(2), 54–72. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0265052519000128 Fleischer, D. (1996). Political corruption in Brazil. Crime, Law and Social Change, 25(4),

143

297–321. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00572512 Fletcher, C., & Herrmann, D. (2012). The internationalisation of corruption. Ashgate. http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/155334015 Flyvbjerg, B., & Molloy, E. (2006). Delusion, Deception and Corruption in Major Infrastructure Projects: Causes, Consequences and Cures. In Susan Rose-Ackerman & T. Søreide (Eds.), International handbook on the economics of corruption (pp. 81–107). Edward Elgar-c2011. Foellmi, R., & Oechslin, M. (2007). Who gains from non-collusive corruption? Journal of Development Economics, 82(1), 95–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2005.10.002 Fogel, K. (2006). Oligarchic family control, social economic outcomes, and the quality of government. Journal of International Business Studies, 37(5), 603. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400213 Foley, V., & Haynes, C. (2009). The FCPA and its Impact in Latin America. Currents: International Trade Law Journal, 17, 27–80. Folke, O., Hirano, S., & Snyder, J. M. (2011). Patronage and Elections in U.S. States. American Political Science Review, 105(3), 567–585. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055411000256 Follett, G. (2015). Facilitating payments: Facilitating poverty? Alternative Law Journal, 40(2), 123–126. Folliot-Lalliot, Laurence. (2014). Introduction to the World Bank’s Policies in the Fight Against Corruption and Conflicts of Interest in Public Contacts. In J.-B. Auby, E. Breen, & T. Perroud (Eds.), Corruption and conflicts of interest: A comparative law approach (pp. 236–252). Edward Elgar PubLtd. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.GEN_batch:ELGAR01620140507 Foltz, J. D., & Bromley, D. W. (2010). Highway Robbery: The Economics of Petty Corruption in West African Trucking. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228851849_Highway_Robbery_The_Economic s_of_Petty_Corruption_in_West_African_Trucking Fombad, C. M. (1999). Curbing corruption in Africa: Some lessons from Botswana’s experience. International Social Science Journal, 51(160), 241–254. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2451.00193 Ford, C., & Hess, D. (2009). Can corporate monitorships improve corporate compliance? The Journal of Corporation Law, 34(3), 679. Ford, C., & Hess, D. (2011). Corporate Monitorships and New Governance Regulation: In Theory, in Practice, and in Context. Law & Policy, 33(4), 509–541. 144

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9930.2011.00347.x Ford, R., & Richardson, W. (1994). Ethical decision making: A review of the empirical literature. Journal of Business Ethics, 13(3), 205–221. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02074820 Forrest, D., & Maennig, W. (2015). The Threat to Sports Goverance from Betting-Related Corruption: Causes and Solution. In P. Heywood (Ed.), Routledge handbook of political corruption (pp. 328–346). Routledge. Fort, T. L., & Noone, J. J. (2000). Gifts, bribes, and exchange: Relationships in non-market economies and lessons for pax e-commercia. Cornell International Law Journal, 33(3), 515. Fortin-Rittberger, J. (2014). The role of infrastructural and coercive state capacity in explaining different types of electoral fraud. Democratization, 21(1), 95–117. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2012.724064 Fortunato, P., & Panizza, U. (2015). Democracy, education and the quality of government. Journal of Economic Growth, 20(4), 333–363. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10887-015-9120-5 Fosgaard, T. R., Hansen, L. G., & Piovesan, M. (2013). Separating Will from Grace: An experiment on conformity and awareness in cheating. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 93, 279–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2013.03.027 Foster, J. E., Horowitz, A. W., & Méndez, F. (2012). An Axiomatic Approach to the Measurement of Corruption: Theory and Applications. World Bank Economic Review, 26(2), 217–235. https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhs008 Fox, J. (1994). The Difficult Transition from Clientelism to Citizenship: Lessons from Mexico. World Politics, 46(2), 151–184. https://doi.org/10.2307/2950671 Fox, J. (2007). The uncertain relationship between transparency and accountability. Development in Practice, 17(4–5), 663–671. https://doi.org/10.1080/09614520701469955 Fox, W. (2009). Adjudicating bribery and corruption issues in international commercial arbitration. Journal of Energy and Natural Resources Law, 27(3), 487–502. Francken, N., Minten, B., & Swinnen, J. F. M. (2009). Media, Monitoring, and Capture of Public Funds: Evidence from Madagascar. World Development, 37(1), 242–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.01.005 Frank, B., Lambsdorff, J. G., & Boehm, F. (2010). Gender and Corruption: Lessons from Laboratory Corruption Experiments. European Journal of Development Research, 23(1), 59. https://doi.org/10.1057/ejdr.2010.47 145

Frank, B., & Schulze, G. G. (2000). Does economics make citizens corrupt? Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 43(1), 101–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2681(00)00111-6 Frankel, J. A. (2012). The Natural Resource Curse: A Survey of Diagnoses and Some Prescriptions. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254407482_The_Natural_Resource_Curse_A_ Survey_of_Diagnoses_and_Some_Prescriptions Franklin, A. (2010). Targeted Tariff Preferences to Reduce Corruption in Developing States. Georgetown Journal of International Law, 41(4), 1011–1041. Franses, P., & Groot, B. (2016). Corruption and inequality of wealth amongst the very rich. Quality & Quantity; International Journal of Methodology, 50(3), 1245–1252. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-015-0202-4 Fraser, S. A. (2012). Placing the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act on the tracks in the race for amnesty. Texas Law Review, 90(4), 1009–1040. Frechette, G. (2006). Panel Data Analysis of the Time-Varying Determinants of Corruption [CIRANO Working Paper]. CIRANO. http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/circirwor/2006s-28.htm Frederickson, H., & Frederickson, D. G. (1995). Public Perceptions of Ethics in Government. Annals Of The American Academy Of Political And Social Science, 537, 163–172. Fredriksson, A. (2014). Bureaucracy intermediaries, corruption and red tape. Journal of Development Economics; J.Dev.Econ., 108(Journal Article), 256–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2014.02.005 Fredriksson, P. G., List, J. A., & Millimet, D. L. (2003). Bureaucratic corruption, environmental policy and inbound US FDI: Theory and evidence. Journal of Public Economics, 87(7), 1407–1430. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(02)00016-6 Fredriksson, P. G., & Svensson, J. (2003). Political instability, corruption and policy formation: The case of environmental policy. Journal of Public Economics, 87(7), 1383–1405. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(02)00036-1 Fredriksson, P. G., Vollebergh, H. R. J., & Dijkgraaf, E. (2004). Corruption and energy efficiency in OECD countries: Theory and evidence. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 47(2), 207–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2003.08.001 Fredriksson, P., & Millimet, D. (2007). Legislative Organization and Pollution Taxation. Public Choice, 131(1), 217–242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-006-9114-0 Fredriksson, P., & Neumayer, E. (2016). Corruption and Climate Change Policies: Do the Bad 146

Old Days Matter? Environmental and Resource Economics; The Official Journal of the European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, 63(2), 451–469. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-014-9869-6 Fredriksson, P., Neumayer, E., & Ujhelyi, G. (2007). Kyoto Protocol cooperation: Does government corruption facilitate environmental lobbying? Public Choice, 133(1), 231–251. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-007-9187-4 Fredriksson, P., & Vollebergh, H. (2009). Corruption, federalism, and policy formation in the OECD: The case of energy policy. Public Choice, 140(1), 205–221. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-009-9419-x Freille, S., Haque, M. E., & Kneller, R. (2007a). A contribution to the empirics of press freedom and corruption. European Journal of Political Economy, 23(4), 838–862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2007.03.002 Freille, S., Haque, M. E., & Kneller, R. A. (2007b). Federalism, decentralisation and corruption (MPRA Paper No. 27535). University Library of Munich, Germany. https://ideas.repec.org/p/pra/mprapa/27535.html Freund, C., Hallward-Driemeier, M., & Rijkers, B. (2014). Deals and delays: Firm-level evidence on corruption and policy implementation times (No. WPS6949; pp. 1–43). The World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/06/19736799/deals-delays-firm-level-ev idence-corruption-policy-implementation-times Fried, B. J., Lagunes, P., & Venkataramani, A. (2010). Corruption and Inequality at the Crossroad: A Multimethod Study of Bribery and Discrimination in Latin America. Latin American Research Review, 45(1), 76–97. Friedman, E., Johnson, S., Kaufmann, D., & Zoido-Lobaton, P. (2000). Dodging the grabbing hand: The determinants of unofficial activity in 69 countries. Journal of Public Economics, 76(3), 459–493. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(99)00093-6 Friedrich, C. J. (1989). Corruption Concepts in Historical Perspective. In A. J. Heidenheimer, M. Johnston, V. Levine, & V. T. Le Vine (Eds.), Political corruption: A handbook (pp. 15–24). Transaction Books. Frischmann, E. (2010). Decentralization and Corruption: A Cross-Country Analysis (1 edition). GRIN Verlag. Fritz, V. (2007). Democratisation and corruption in Mongolia. Public Administration and Development, 27(3), 191–203. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.450 Fritzen, S. (2005). Beyond “Political Will”: How Institutional Context Shapes the

147

Implementation of Anti-Corruption Policies. Policy and Society, 24(3), 79–96. Fritzen, S. A., & Basu, S. (2011). From Information to Indicators: Monitoring Progress in the Fight Against Corruption in Multi-Project, Multi-Stakeholder Organizations. In A. Graycar, R. G. Smith, A. Graycar, & R. G. Smith (Eds.), Handbook of global research and practice in corruption. Edward Elgar. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.GEN_batch:ELGAR05220150821 Fritzen, S. A., Serritzlew, S., & Svendsen, G. T. (2014). Corruption, Trust and their Public Sector Consequences: Introduction to the Special Edition. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 16(2), 117–120. https://doi.org/10.1080/13876988.2014.896124 Froomkin, S. M. (2004). Money Laundering, Corruption, and the Proceeds of Crime—An International Reality Check. Asper Review of International Business & Trade Law, 4, 155–489. Frost, J., & Tischer, S. (2014). Unmasking Collective Corruption: The Dynamics of Corrupt Routines. European Management Review, 11(3–4), 191. Frye, T. (2002). Capture or Exchange? Business Lobbying in Russia. Europe-Asia Studies, 54(7), 1017–1036. https://doi.org/10.1080/0966813022000017113 Frye, T., Reuter, O. J., & Szakonyi, D. (2014). Political Machines at Work Voter Mobilization and Electoral Subversion in the Workplace. World Politics, 66(2), 195–228. https://doi.org/10.1017/S004388711400001X Fu, H. (2015). Wielding the Sword: President Xi’s New Anti-Corruption Campaign. In Susan Rose-Ackerman, P. Lagunes, & Edward Elgar Publishing (Eds.), Greed, corruption, and the modern state: Essays in political economy (pp. 134–159). Edward Elgar PubLimited. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.GEN_batch:978178471470320151028 Fu, T. (2020). The dilemma of government intervention in a firm’s financing: Evidence from China. International Review of Financial Analysis, 71, 101525-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2020.101525 Fu, T., & Jian, Z. (2021). Corruption pays off: How environmental regulations promote corporate innovation in a developing country. Ecological Economics, 183, 106969-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2021.106969 Fuentes, A. (2016). How Free Trade Agreements Can Improve Anti-Corruption Enforcement: A Case Study of the United States and Colombia. Public Contract Law Journal, 45(3), 479–497. Fujiwara, T., & Wantchekon, L. (2013). Can Informed Public Deliberation Overcome

148

Clientelism Experimental Evidence from Benin. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 5(4), 241–255. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.5.4.241 Fukumi, A., & Nishijima, S. (2010). Institutional quality and foreign direct investment in Latin America and the Caribbean. Applied Economics, 42(14), 1857. Fukuyama, F. (2013). What Is Governance? Governance, 26(3), 347–368. https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12035 Funaki, Y., & Glencorse, B. (2014). Anti-corruption or accountability? International efforts in post-conflict Liberia. Third World Quarterly, 35(5), 836–854. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2014.921433 Funcke, A. (2015). Mathematical models of social norms and petty corruption [Working Paper]. http://mdh.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:705712/FULLTEXT04.pdf Funcke, A., Eriksson, K., & Strimling, P. (2014). Biased Perception May Trump Rational Intention: Most People Think They Are Less Corrupt Than Average (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2638526). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2638526 Funderburk, C. (2012). Political corruption in comparative perspective: Sources, status and prospects. Ashgate. Fungáčová, Z., Kochanova, A., & Weill, L. (2015). Does Money Buy Credit? Firm-Level Evidence on Bribery and Bank Debt. World Development, 68, 308–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.12.009 Funk, C. (1996). The impact of scandal on candidate evaluations: An experimental test of the role of candidate traits. Political Behavior, 18(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01498658 Fursova, V., & Simons, G. (2014). Social Problems of Modern Russian Higher Education: The Example of Corruption. International Education Studies, 7(10), 25–31. Gaal, P., & McKee, M. (2004). Informal payment for health care and the theory of “INXIT.” The International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 19(2), 163–178. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.751 Gaballand, G., & Marteau, J. F. (2014). Rents Extraction in the Sub-Saharan Africa Port Secto. In T. Søreide & A. Williams (Eds.), Corruption, grabbing and development: Real world challenges. Edward Elgar, 2014. Gabriel, Y. (2012). Organizations in a State of Darkness: Towards a Theory of Organizational Miasma. Organization Studies, 33(9), 1137–1152. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840612448154 149

Gadowska, K. (2010). National and international anti-corruption efforts: The case of Poland. Global Crime, 11(2), 178–209. https://doi.org/10.1080/17440571003669191 Gaivoronskaya, Y., & Filonenko, T. (2014). Issues of Applying Anti- Corruption Legislation in Criminal Investigation and Court Trial in the Russian Federation. Asian Social Science, 10(21), 236–241. Gaivoronskaya, Y., & Filonenko, T. (2015). Corruption in Russia: Cause and Effect Relations. Asian Social Science, 11(13), 206–211. Galang, R. M. N. (2012). Victim or Victimizer: Firm Responses to Government Corruption. Journal of Management Studies, 49(2), 429–462. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2010.00989.x Galasi, P., & Kertesi, G. (1987). The Spread of Bribery in a Centrally Planned Economy. Acta Oeconomica, 38(3), 371. Galeotti, G., & Merlo, A. (1994). Political Collusion and Corruption in a Representative Democracy. Public Finance-Finances Publiques, 49, 232–243. Galinato, S. P. (2010). The Effects of Corruption Control and Political Stability on the Environmental Kuznets Curve of Deforestation-Induced Carbon Dioxide Emissions. School of Economic Sciences, Washington State University. Gallego, J. (2015). Self-enforcing clientelism. Journal of Theoretical Politics, 27(3), 401–427. https://doi.org/10.1177/0951629814533840 Gallego-Alvarez, I., & Fernandez-Gomez, M. (2016). Governance, Environmental And Economic Factors: An international analysis. Environmental Policy and Governance, 26(1), 29–44. https://doi.org/10.1002/eet.1695 Gallina, N. (2013). Anti-corruption revisited: The case of the Czech Republic and Slovakia.(Report). Zeitschrift Fur Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft, 7(1), 183. Galtung, F. (1998). Criteria for sustainable corruption control. European Journal of Development Research, 10(1), 105–128. Galtung, F. (2006). Measuring the Immeasurable: Boundaries and Functions of (Macro) Corruption Indices. In C. J. G. Sampford (Ed.), Measuring corruption (pp. 101-130.). Ashgate. Galtung, F., & Tisné, M. (2009). A new approach to postwar reconstruction. Journal of Democracy, 20(4), 93–107. Gambetta, D. (2002). Corruption: An Analytical Map. In S. Kotkin & A. Sajó (Eds.), Political corruption in transition: A skeptic’s handbook. Central European University Press.

150

Gambetta, D. (2018). Why is Italy Disproportionally Corrupt?: A Conjecture. In Institutions, Governance and the Control of Corruption (pp. 133–164). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65684-7_6 Gambetta, Diego. (2006). Two Types of Corruption and the Self-Fulfilling Nature of the Beliefs About Corruption. In M. Kreutner (Ed.), The corruption monster: Ethik, Politik und Korruption (pp. 137–144). Czernin. Gamboa-Cavazos, M., Garza-Cantu, V., & Salinas, C. E. (2007). The Organization of Corruption: Political Horizons and Special Interests (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 754325). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=754325 Gamso, J. (2018). Environmental policy impacts of trade with China and the moderating effect of governance. Environmental Policy And Governance, 28(6), 395–405. https://doi.org/10.1002/eet.1807 Gani, A. (2017). The Empirical Determinants of Corruption in Developing Countries. Perspectives on Global Development and Technology, 16(4), 392–409. https://doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341441 Gani, A., & Clemes, M. D. (2015). Natural Resource Exports and Corruption. International Advances in Economic Research, 21(2), 239–240. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11294-015-9515-2 Ganie-Rochman, M., & Achwan, R. (2016). Corruption in Indonesia’s Emerging Democracy. Journal of Developing Societies, 32(2), 159–177. https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X15625246 Gans-Morse, J., Mazzuca, S., & Nichter, S. (2014). Varieties of Clientelism: Machine Politics during Elections. American Journal of Political Science, 58(2), 415–432. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12058 Gantz, D. A. (1997). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: Professional and ethical challenges for lawyers. Arizona Journal of International and Comparative Law, 14(1), 97–116. Gao, L., & Stanyer, J. (2014). Hunting corrupt officials online: The human flesh search engine and the search for justice in China. Information, Communication & Society, 17(7), 814–829. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2013.836553 Gao, Q., Ying, Q., & Luo, D. (2015). Hidden Income and Occupational Background: Evidence from Guangzhou. Journal of Contemporary China, 24(94), 721–741. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2014.978156 Garcia Fortuny, J. (2014). The Effects of Corruption and Seigniorage on Growth and Inflation [Working Paper]. https://ideas.repec.org/p/urv/wpaper/2072-246961.html

151

Garcia-Murillo, M. (2009). The effect of internet access on government corruption. Electronic Government, An International Journal, 7(1), 22–40. Garcia-Quesada, M., Jimenez, F., & Villoria, M. (2015). Can’t control/won’t control: Opportunities and deterrents for local urban corruption in Lanzarote. Crime Law and Social Change, 63(1–2), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-014-9549-z Garcia-Quesada, M., Jiménez-Sánchez, F., & Villoria, M. (2013). Building Local Integrity Systems in Southern Europe: The case of urban local corruption in Spain. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 79(4), 618–637. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852313501125 García-Rodríguez, J. L., García-Rodríguez, F. J., Castilla-Gutiérrez, C., & Major, S. A. (2015). Oil, Power, and Poverty in Angola. African Studies Review, 58(1), 159–176. https://doi.org/10.1017/asr.2015.8 Garcia-Sanchez, I. M., Rodriguez-Dominguez, L., & Gallego-Alvarez, I. (2011). Effectiveness of Ethics Codes in the Public Sphere: Are They Useful in Controlling Corruption? International Journal of Public Administration, 34(3), 190–195. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2010.532184 Gardiner, J. (1992). Defining corruption. Corruption and Reform, 7(2), 111–111. Gardiner, S., Parry, J., & Robinson, S. (2017). Integrity and the corruption debate in sport: Where is the integrity? European Sport Management Quarterly, 17(1), 6–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2016.1259246 Garimella, S. R. (2014). Normative structure for criminalising corruption—The South Asian experience. Int. J. of Human Rights and Constitutional Studies, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJHRCS.2014.060454 Garmaev, Y., Stepanenko, D., & Fengling, C. (2015). Prevention of Corruption Crimes in China and Russia: Problems and Ways of Solution. Asian Social Science, 11(18), 261–266. Garmaev, Y., Stepanenko, D., & Stepanenko, R. (2015). Judgments of the European Court of Human Rights as a Source of Recommendations on Fight against Corruption: Prospects for Interdisciplinary Research. Asian Social Science, 11(9), 266–272. Garmaise, M. J., & Liu, J. (2005). Corruption, Firm Governance, and the Cost of Capital (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 644017). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=644017 Garment, S. (1996). Scandal: The Culture of Mistrust in American Politics. The Southern Communication Journal, 61(4), 364–365. Garoupa, N. (1999a). Dishonesty and Libel Law: The Economics of the “Chilling” Effect. 152

Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics (JITE) / Zeitschrift Für Die Gesamte Staatswissenschaft, 155(2), 284–300. Garoupa, N. (1999b). The economics of political dishonesty and defamation. International Review of Law & Economics, 19(2), 167–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0144-8188(99)00003-4 Garoupa, N., & Jellal, M. (2007). Further notes on information, corruption, and optimal law enforcement. European Journal of Law and Economics, 23(1), 59–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10657-007-9002-1 Garoupa, N., & Klerman, D. (2004). Corruption and the optimal use of nonmonetary sanctions. International Review of Law & Economics, 24(2), 219–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irle.2004.08.006 Garoupa, N., & Klerman, D. M. (2010). Corruption and Private Law Enforcement: Theory and History. Review of Law & Economics, 6(1), 75–96. https://doi.org/10.2202/1555-5879.1394 Garrett, B. (2007). Structural Reform Prosecution. Virginia Law Review, 93(4), 853–957. Garrett, B. (2011). Globalized Corporate Prosecutions. Virginia Law Review, 97(8), 1775. Gastanaga, V. M., Nugent, J. B., & Pashamova, B. (1998). Host country reforms and FDI inflows: How much difference do they make? World Development, 26(7), 1299–1314. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(98)00049-7 Gathii, J. T. (1999a). Corruption and donor reforms: Expanding the promises and possibilities of the rule of law as an anti-corruption strategy in Kenya. Connecticut Journal of International Law, 14(2), 407–453. Gathii, J. T. (1999b). Good Governance as a Counter Insurgency Agenda to Oppositional and Transformative Social Projects in International Law. Buffalo Human Rights Law Review, 5, 107–295. Gathii, J. T. (2009). Defining the Relationship between Corruption and Human Rights. University Of Pennsylvania Journal Of International Law, 31(1), 125–202. Gatti, R. (1999). Corruption and trade tariffs, or a case for uniform tariffs (No. WPS2216; pp. 1–22). The World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/1999/11/439725/corruption-trade-tariffs-or-ca se-uniform-tariffs Gatti, R. (2004). Explaining corruption: Are open countries less corrupt? Journal of International Development, 16(6), 851–861. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.1115

153

Gatti, R., Paternostro, S., & Rigolini, J. (2003). Individual Attitudes toward Corruption: Do Social Effects Matter? (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 636542). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=636542 Gauthier, B., & Gersovitz, M. (1997). Revenue erosion through exemption and evasion in Cameroon, 1993. Journal of Public Economics, 64(3), 407–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(96)01606-4 Gauthier, B., & Goyette, J. (2014). Taxation and corruption: Theory and firm-level evidence from Uganda. Applied Economics, 46(23), 2755. Gauthier, B., & Goyette, J. (2016). Fiscal policy and corruption. Social Choice and Welfare, 46(1), 57–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00355-015-0903-6 Gauthier, B., & Reinikka, R. (2006). Shifting Tax Burdens through Exemptions and Evasion: An Empirical Investigation of Uganda. Journal of African Economies, 15(3), 373–398. https://doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejl022 Gaventa, J., & Mcgee, R. (2013). The Impact of Transparency and Accountability Initiatives. Development Policy Review, 31, s3–s28. https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.12017 Gaviria, A. (2002). Assessing the effects of corruption and crime on firm performance: Evidence from Latin America. Emerging Markets Review, 3(3), 245–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1566-0141(02)00024-9 Gawey, J. (2011). The Hobbs Leviathan: The Dangerous Breadth of the Hobbs Act and Other Corruption Statutes. The Notre Dame Law Review, 87(1), 383. Gayed, J. (2003). “Corruptly”: Why corrupt state of mind is an essential element for Hobbs Act extortion under color of official right. The Notre Dame Law Review, 78(5), 1731–1790. Gberie, Lansana. (2002). War and Peace in Sierra Leone: Diamonds, Corruption and the Lebanese Connection. Working Paper. Gebel, A. C. (2012). Human Nature and Morality in the Anti-Corruption Discourse of Transparency International. Public Administration and Development, 32(1), 109–128. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.1604 Gebeye, B. A. (2011). Rethinking International Anti-Corruption Conventions: Elevating Corruption-Free Service as a Human Right. LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing. Gebeye, B. A. (2012). Corruption and Human Rights: Exploring the Relationships (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2075766). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2075766 Gebhardt, C. (2017). The transfer of corruptive routines from old industrial regions to innovation

154

clusters: A blind spot in innovation studies. Triple Helix, 4(1), 1–35. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40604-017-0046-0 Geda, A., & Yimer, A. (2016). Capital Flight and its Determinants: The Case of Ethiopia. African Development Review = Revue Africaine de Developpement, 28(Journal Article), 39–49. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8268.12180 Geddes, B. (1991). A game theoretic model of reform in Latin American democracies. (Administrative reform). American Political Science Review, 85(2), 371. Geddes, B., & Neto, A. R. (1992). Institutional sources of corruption in Brazil. Third World Quarterly, 13(4), 641–661. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436599208420302 Gee, J. (2006). Fraud and Corruption: What Is To Be Done. In M. Kreutner (Ed.), The corruption monster: Ethik, Politik und Korruption (pp. 157–164). Czernin. Gehlbach, S. (2009). What Can Firm and Household Surveys Tell Us About Expert Assessments of Corruption? [Working Paper]. Gehlbach, S., & Simpser, A. (2015). Electoral Manipulation as Bureaucratic Control. American Journal of Political Science, 59(1), 212–224. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12122 Gemperle, S. M. (2018). Comparing anti-corruption agencies: A new cross-national index. International Review of Public Administration, 23(3), 156–175. https://doi.org/10.1080/12294659.2018.1518002 Génaux, M. (2004). Social sciences and the evolving concept of corruption. Crime, Law and Social Change, 42(1), 13–24. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CRIS.0000041034.66031.02 Geng, H., & Hennig-Schmidt, H. (2009). Sensitivity to Corruption—An Experimental Investigation in China [Working Paper]. Gennaioli, C., & Tavoni, M. (2016). Clean or dirty energy: Evidence of corruption in the renewable energy sector. Public Choice, 166(3), 261–290. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-016-0322-y Georgarakos, D., & Fürth, S. (2015). Household repayment behavior: The role of social capital and institutional, political, and religious beliefs. European Journal of Political Economy, 37(Journal Article), 249–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2014.10.001 George, B. C., & Lacey, K. A. (2000). A coalition of industrialized nations, developing nations, multilateral development banks, and nongovernmental organizations: A pivotal complement to current anti-corruption initiatives. Cornell International Law Journal, 33(3), 547. George, B. C., & Lacey, K. A. (2006). Investigation of Halliburton Co./TSKJ’S Nigerian

155

Business Practices: Model for Analysis of the Current Anti-Corruption Environment on Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Enforcement. The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-), 96(2), 503–525. George, B. C., Lacey, K. A., & Birmele, J. (1999). On the threshold of the adoption of global antibribery legislation: A critical analysis of current domestic and international efforts toward the reduction of business corruption. Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 32(1), 1. George, B. C., Lacey, K. A., & Birmele, J. (2000). The 1998 OECD Convention: An Impetus for Worldwide Changes in Attitudes Toward Corruption in Business Transactions. American Business Law Journal, 37(3), 485–525. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-1714.2000.tb00276.x George, B., & Kimber, S. (n.d.). Reflections on Election Fraud and Its Persistence in Modern Democracy. American Anti-Corruption Institute. Georgis, P. J. (2012). Settling with your hands tied: Why judicial intervention is needed to curb an expanding interpretation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Golden Gate University Law Review, 42(2), 243. Gephart, M. (2012). Contested meanings of corruption: International and local narratives in the case of Paraguay. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2134873 Gephart, M. (2013). Convergence, Divergence and a Complex Interplay: Chile and the International and Transnational Anti-Corruption Campaign | GIGA (GIGA Working Paper No. 224). https://www.giga-hamburg.de/en/publication/convergence-divergence-and-a-complex-int erplay-chile-and-the-international-and Gephart, M. (2016). Local embedding of international discourse: Chile and the international and transnational anti-corruption campaign. 30(1), 49–77. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047117815585889 Gerardino, M. P., Litschig, S., & Pomeranz, D. D. (2014). Monitoring Public Procurement: Evidence from a Regression Discontinuity Design in Chile. http://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=48178 Gerasimova Ksenia. (2008). Can corruption and economic crime be controlled in developing countries and if so, is it cost-effective? Journal of Financial Crime, 15(2), 223–233. https://doi.org/10.1108/13590790810866917 Gerber, T. P., & Mendelson, S. E. (2008). Public Experiences of Police Violence and Corruption in Contemporary Russia: A Case of Predatory Policing? Law & Society Review, 42(1), 1–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5893.2008.00333.x 156

Gerring, J., & Thacker, S. C. (2004). Political Institutions and Corruption: The Role of Unitarism and Parliamentarism. British Journal of Political Science, 34(2), 295–330. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123404000067 Gerring, J., & Thacker, S. C. (2005). Do Neoliberal Policies Deter Political Corruption? International Organization, 59(1), 233–254. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818305050083 Gest, N., & Grigorescu, A. (2010). Interactions among intergovernmental organizations in the anti-corruption realm. The Review of International Organizations, 5(1), 53–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-009-9070-9 Getz, K. A. (2006). The effectiveness of global prohibition regimes: Corruption and the antibribery convention.(multinational corporations, business practices). Business and Society, 45(3), 254–281. Getz, K., & Volkema, R. (2001). Culture, perceived corruption, and economics: A model of predictors and outcomes. Business and Society, 40(1), 7–30. Gevurtz, F. (1987a). Commercial Bribery and the Sherman Act: The Case for Per Se Illegality. University of Miami Law Review, 42(2), 365. Gevurtz, F. (1987b). Using the Antitrust Laws to Combat Overseas Bribery by Foreign Companies: A Step to Even the Odds in International Trade. Virginia Journal of International Law, 27(2), 211. Ghalwash, T. (2014). Corruption and Economic Growth: Evidence from Egypt. Modern Economy, 5(10), 1001–1009. Ghazanfar, S., & May, K. (2000). Third World Corruption: A Brief Survey of the Issues. The Journal of Social, Political, and Economic Studies, 25(3), 351. Gholami, H., & Habeeb, A. (2019). Combating corruption in Nigeria: The emergence of whistleblowing policy. Journal of Financial Crime, 26(1), 131–145. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-10-2017-0102 Ghoneim, A. F., & Ezzat, A. M. (2016). Growth and corruption in Arab countries: What type of relationship connects them? Journal of Economics and International Finance, 8(5), 44–55. https://doi.org/10.5897/JEIF2015.0675 Ghosh, S., & Gregoriou, A. (2010). Can corruption favour growth via the composition of government spending? Economics Bulletin, 30(3), 2270–2278. Ghosh, S., & Neanidis, K. C. (2010). Corruption, Fiscal Policy, and Growth: A Unified Approach (Centre for Growth and Business Cycle Research Discussion Paper Series No. 140). Economics, The Univeristy of Manchester. 157

https://ideas.repec.org/p/man/cgbcrp/140.html Ghosh, S., & Roy, J. (n.d.). Motivation, Expertise, and Bureaucratic Embezzlement: Is there a Link? Retrieved August 3, 2016, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237416975_Motivation_Expertise_and_Bureau cratic_Embezzlement_Is_there_a_Link Ghura, D. (1998). Tax Revenue in Sub-Saharan Africa: Effects of Economic Policies and Corruption (IMF Working Paper WP/98/135). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=882694 Giang, D., Xuan, P., & Hai, N. (2016). Corruption risks in Vietnam’s household business sector. Crime, Law and Social Change, 65(4–5), 395–422. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-016-9604-z Giang, L. T., Nguyen, C. V., & Nguyen, H. Q. (2020). The Impacts of Economic Growth and Governance on Migration: Evidence from Vietnam. European Journal of Development Research, 32(4), 1195–1229. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41287-020-00262-3 Giavazzi, F., & Tabellini, G. (2005). Economic and political liberalizations. Journal of Monetary Economics, 52(7), 1297–1330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2005.05.002 Gibbs, T. (2020). Whistleblowing: Protection or discouragement. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 23(3), 591–600. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-03-2020-0031 Gibelman, M., & Gelman, S. (2001). Very Public Scandals: Nongovernmental Organizations in Trouble. Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 12(1), 49–66. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011242911726 Gibelman, M., & Gelman, S. (2004). A Loss of Credibility: Patterns of Wrongdoing Among Nongovernmental Organizations. Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 15(4), 355–381. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-004-1237-7 Gidron, N., & Superti, C. (2015). Overcoming the Long Shadow of Corruption: Trust in Institutions, Evidence from Israel. 45. Giglioli, P. (1996). Political Corruption and the Media: The Tangentopoli Affair. International Social Science Journal, 48(3), 381–381. Gilbert, M. D., & Aiken, B. (2014). Disclosure and Corruption (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2334454). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2334454 Giliomee, H. B. (1998). South Africa’s Emerging Dominant-Party Regime. Journal of Democracy, 9(4), 128–142. Gillanders, R. (2014). Corruption and Infrastructure at the Country and Regional Level. Journal

158

of Development Studies, 50(6), 803–819. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2013.858126 Gillanders, R. (2016). Corruption and anxiety in Sub-Saharan Africa. Economics of Governance, 17(1), 47–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-015-0177-6 Gillespie, J. (2001). Self-interest and Ideology: Bureaucratic Corruption in Vietnam. Australian Journal of Asian Law, 3(1), 1–36. Gillespie, K. (1987). Middle East Response to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. California Management Review, 29(4), 9. Gillespie, K. (2006). The Middle East’s corruption conundrum. Current History, 105(687), 40–46. Gillespie, K., & Okruhlik, G. (1991). The Political Dimensions of Corruption Cleanups: A Framework for Analysis. Comparative Politics, 24(1), 77–95. https://doi.org/10.2307/422202 Gillespie, N., Bachmann, R., Priem, R., Eberl, P., Geiger, D., & Aßländer, M., S. (2015). Repairing Trust in an Organization after Integrity Violations: The Ambivalence of Organizational Rule Adjustments. 36(9), 1205–1235. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840615585335 Gilley, B. (2006). The determinants of state legitimacy: Results for 72 countries. International Political Science Review, 27(1), 47–71. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512106058634 Gilson, L. (1997). The lessons of user fee experience in Africa. Health Policy And Planning, 12(4), 273–285. Gingerich, D. (2009). Corruption and Political Decay: Evidence from Bolivia. Quarterly Journal of Political Science, 4(1), 1–34. Gingerich, D. W. (2009). Ballot Structure, Political Corruption, and the Performance of Proportional Representation. Journal of Theoretical Politics, 21(4), 509–541. https://doi.org/10.1177/0951629809339805 Gingerich, D. W. (2013). Political institutions and party-directed corruption in South America: Stealing for the team. Cambridge University Press. Gingerich, D. W. (2014). Yesterday’s heroes, today’s villains: Ideology, corruption, and democratic performance. Journal of Theoretical Politics, 26(2), 249–282. https://doi.org/10.1177/0951629813495120 Gino, F., Ayal, S., & Ariely, D. (2009). Contagion and Differentiation in Unethical Behavior: The Effect of One Bad Apple on the Barrel.(Report). Psychological Science, 20(3), 393. Gino, F., & Bazerman, M. H. (2009). When misconduct goes unnoticed: The acceptability of 159

gradual erosion in others’ unethical behavior. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45(4), 708–719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2009.03.013 Gino, F., Gu, J., & Zhong, C.-B. (2009). Contagion or restitution? When bad apples can motivate ethical behavior. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45(6), 1299–1302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2009.07.014 Gino, F., & Margolis, J. D. (2011). Bringing ethics into focus: How regulatory focus and risk preferences influence (Un)ethical behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 115(2), 145–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2011.01.006 Gino, F., & Pierce, L. (2009). The abundance effect: Unethical behavior in the presence of wealth. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 109(2), 142–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2009.03.003 Giovannoni, F., & Seidmann, D. J. (2014). Corruption and power in democracies.(Report)(Author abstract). Social Choice and Welfare, 42(3), 707. Giraudo, J. P. (2005). Charitable contributions and the FCPA: Schering-Plough and the increasing scope of SEC enforcement.(Foreign Corrupt Practices Act). Business Lawyer, 61(1), 135. Gire, J. T. (1999). A Psychological Analysis of Corruption in Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 1, 1–15. Gĩthĩnji, M. W., & Holmquist, F. W. (2012). Reform and Political Impunity in Kenya: Transparency without Accountability. African Studies Review, 55(1), 53–74. Giudice, L. (2011). Regulating Corruption: Analyzing Uncertainty in Current Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Enforcement. Boston University Law Review, 91, 347–2131. Givant, N. (1994). The sword that shields. The China Business Review, 21(3), 29. Gjefsen, T. (2012). Sources of Regime Legitimacy: Quality of Government and Electoral Democracy. https://www.duo.uio.no/handle/10852/34403 Glaeser, E. L. (2004). Public Ownership in the American City. In A. E. Schwartz (Ed.), Urban Issues and Public Finance (pp. 130–162). Glaeser, E. L., & Goldin, C. D. (2006). Corruption and reform: Lessons from America’s economic history. University of Chicago Press. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.GEN_batch:EDZ0000115695 Glaeser, E. L., & Saks, R. E. (2006). Corruption in America. Journal of Public Economics, 90(6), 1053–1072. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2005.08.007 Glaeser, E., La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., & Shleifer, A. (2004). Do Institutions Cause 160

Growth? Journal of Economic Growth, 9(3), 271–303. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEG.0000038933.16398.ed Glaeser, E., Scheinkman, J., & Shleifer, A. (2003). The injustice of inequality. Journal of Monetary Economics, 50(1), 199–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3932(02)00204-0 Glass, A., & Wu, X. (2004). Which Type of Foreign Direct Investment Is Most Hurt by Corruption [Working Paper]. Glazer, M. (1989). The whistleblowers: Exposing corruption in government and industry. Basic Books. Gledhill, J. (2003). Old economy, new economy; old corruption, new corruption. Social Analysis [Adelaide], 47(3), 130–135. Gledhill, John. (2004). Corruption as the Mirror of the State in Latin America. In I. Pardo (Ed.), Between morality and the law: Corruption, anthropology and comparative society (pp. 155–180). Ashgate. Glewwe, P., Ilias, N., & Kremer, M. (2010). Teacher Incentives. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2(3), 205–227. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.2.3.205 Global Witness. (2009). Undue Diligence: How banks do business with corrupt regimes. U4. http://www.u4.no/recommended-reading/undue-diligence-how-banks-do-business-with-c orrupt-regimes/ Gloppen, S. (2014). Courts, Corruption and Judicial Independence. In T. Søreide & A. Williams (Eds.), Corruption, grabbing and development: Real world challenges. Edward Elgar, 2014. Gneezy, U., Saccardo, S., & van Veldhuizen, R. (2016). Bribery: Greed versus reciprocity (Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Market Behavior SP II 2016-203). Social Science Research Center Berlin (WZB). https://ideas.repec.org/p/zbw/wzbmbh/spii2016203.html Go, Y.-H., Lau, L.-S., Liew, F.-M., & Senadjki, A. (2020). A transport environmental Kuznets curve analysis for Malaysia: Exploring the role of corruption. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 28(3), 3421–3433. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10736-w Goczek, Ł. (2009). Corruption and Social Norms. Ekonomia. Rynek, Gospodarka, Społeczeństwo, 24, 22–38. Godet, A., & Gokcekus, O. (2006). Group Dynamics of Corruption in Public Organizations. The Journal of Policy Reform, 9(4), 275–287. https://doi.org/10.1080/13841280601107075 Godinez, J., & Liu, L. (2015). Corruption distance and FDI flows into Latin America.

161

International Business Review, 24(1), 33–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2014.05.006 Godlee, F. (2015). Medical corruption in the UK. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 350(7993), h506–h506. Goebel, C. (2016). The Quest for Good Governance: Taiwan’s Fight Against Corruption. Journal Of Democracy, 27(1), 124–138. Goel, R. K. (2014). PACking a punch: Political Action Committees and corruption. Applied Economics, 46(11), 1161–1169. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2013.868589 Goel, R. K., & Nelson, M. A. (2014). Whistleblower laws and exposed corruption in the United States. Applied Economics, 46(20), 2331–2341. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2014.894633 Goel, R. K., & Saunoris, J. W. (2014). Global corruption and the shadow economy: Spatial aspects. Public Choice, 161(1–2), 119–139. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-013-0135-1 Goel, R., & Mazhar, U. (2015). A Replication of “Corruption and Elections: An Empirical Study for a Cross-section of Countries” (Economics and Politics 2009). Public Finance Review, 43(2), 143. Goel, R., & Nelson, M. (1998). Corruption and government size: A disaggregated analysis. Public Choice, 97(1), 107–120. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004900603583 Goel, R., & Nelson, M. (2011a). Government fragmentation versus fiscal decentralization and corruption. Public Choice, 148(3), 471–490. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-010-9666-x Goel, R., & Nelson, M. (2011b). Measures of corruption and determinants of US corruption. Economics of Governance, 12(2), 155–176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-010-0091-x Goel, R., & Rich, D. (1989). On the economic incentives for taking bribes. Public Choice, 61(3), 269–275. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00123889 Goel, Rajeev K. (2014). Insurance fraud and corruption in the United States. Applied Financial Economics, 24(4), 241–246. https://doi.org/10.1080/09603107.2013.877570 Goel, Rajeev K., Budak, J., & Rajh, E. (2015). Private sector bribery and effectiveness of anti-corruption policies. Applied Economics Letters, 22(10), 759–766. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2014.975326 Goel, Rajeev K., & Korhonen, I. (2011). Exports and cross-national corruption: A disaggregated examination. Economic Systems, 35(1), 109–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecosys.2010.10.002 Goel, Rajeev K., & Nelson, M. A. (2005). Economic Freedom versus Political Freedom: 162

Cross-Country Influences on Corruption. Australian Economic Papers, 44(2), 121–133. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8454.2005.00253.x Goel, Rajeev K., & Nelson, M. A. (2007). Are corrupt acts contagious?: Evidence from the United States. Journal of Policy Modeling, 29(6), 839–850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2007.09.002 Goel, Rajeev K., & Nelson, M. A. (2010). Causes of corruption: History, geography and government. Journal of Policy Modeling, 32(4), 433–447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2010.05.004 Goel, Rajeev K., Nelson, M. A., & Naretta, M. A. (2011). The internet as an indicator of corruption awareness. European Journal of Political Economy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2011.08.003 Goel, Rajeev K., & Saunoris, J. W. (2016). Government Decentralization and Prevalence of the Shadow Economy. 44(2), 263–288. https://doi.org/10.1177/1091142114545677 Goel, Rajeev K., & Saunoris, J. W. (2017). The nexus of white collar crimes: Shadow economy, corruption and uninsured motorists. Applied Economics, 49(31), 3032–3044. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2016.1251570 Goel, Rajeev K., & Saunoris, J. W. (2020). Design versus utility innovation: Is corruption sanding or greasing the wheels of innovation? Managerial and Decision Economics, 41(5), 848–860. https://doi.org/10.1002/mde.3142 Goerke, L. (2008). Bureaucratic corruption and profit tax evasion. Economics of Governance, 9(2), 177–196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-006-0020-1 Goetz, A. (2008). Political cleaners: Women as the new anti-corruption force? Gokcekus, O. (2008). Is it protestant tradition or current protestant population that affects corruption? Economics Letters, 99(1), 59–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2007.05.029 Gokcekus, O., & Knörich, J. (2006). Does quality of openness affect corruption? Economics Letters, 91(2), 190–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2005.11.015 Gokcekus, O., Muchova, E., & Brincikova, Z. (2015). Level and quality of openness and corruption in the ECA countries. Applied Economics Letters, Journal Article, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2015.1031863 Gokcekus, O., & Muedin, A. (2008). Quantifying corruption by a human capital earnings equation. International Review of Economics, 55(3), 243–252. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12232-007-0039-9

163

Gokcekus, O., & Mukherjee, R. (2002). Public Sector Corruption and Gender Perceptions of Public Officials from Six Developing and Transition Countries. [World Bank]. Gokcekus, O., & Myzie, J. (2008). Why and How to Move from Capturing Perception of to Quantifying Corruption. In K. Banaian & B. W. Roberts (Eds.), The design and use of political economy indicators: Challenges of definition, aggregation, and application (1st ed., pp. 139–153). Palgrave Macmillan. Gokcekus, O., & Suzuki, Y. (2013). Intensity of Trade with the EU and Corruption in Africa. Journal of Economic Integration, 28(4), 610–630. https://doi.org/10.11130/jei.2013.28.4.610 Gokcekus, O., & Suzuki, Y. (2014). Is there a Corruption-effect on Conspicuous Consumption? Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research, 8(3), 215–235. https://doi.org/10.1177/0973801014531135 Goldbarg, A. (2000). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and structural corruption. Boston University International Law Journal, 18(2), 273–289. Golden, M. (2012). Corruption in the Wealthy World. The Brown Journal of World Affairs, 18(2), 75–84. Golden, M. A. (2003). Electoral connections: The effects of the personal vote on political patronage, bureaucracy and legislation in postwar Italy. British Journal Of Political Science, 33, 189–212. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123402000085 Golden, M., & Chang, E. C. C. (2001). Competitive Corruption: Factional Conflict and Political Malfeasance in Postwar Italian Christian Democracy. World Politics, 53(4), 588–622. Golden, Miriam A., & Picci, L. (2005). Proposal for a New Measure of Corruption, Illustrated with Italian Data. Economics & Politics, 17(1), 37–75. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0343.2005.00146.x Golden, N. (2019). Conspicuous Prosecution in the Shadows: Rethinking the Relationship Between the FCPA’s Accounting and Anti-Bribery Provisions. Iowa Law Review, 104(2), 891–925. Goldfinch, S., Derouen, K., & Pospieszna, P. (2013). Flying Blind? Evidence for Good Governance Public Management Reform Agendas, Implementation and Outcomes in Low Income Countries. Public Administration and Development, 33(1), 50–61. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.1614 Goldman, E., Rocholl, J., & So, J. (2013). Politically Connected Boards of Directors and The Allocation of Procurement Contracts. Review of Finance, 17(5), 1617–1648. https://doi.org/10.1093/rof/rfs039

164

Goldsmith, A. (1999). Slapping the Grasping Hand: Correlates of Political Corruption in Emerging Markets. The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 58(4), 865. Golumbic, C. E., & Adams, J. P. (2011). The “dominant influence” test: The FCPA’s “instrumentality” and “foreign official” requirements and the investment activity of sovereign wealth funds. (Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977). American Journal of Criminal Law, 39(1), 1–51. Gong, T. (2002). Dangerous Collusion: Corruption as a Collective Venture in Contemporary China. Communist & Post-Communist Studies, 35(1), 85–103. Gong, T. (2011). An “institutional turn” in integrity management in China. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 77(4), 671–686. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852311419391 Gong, Ting. (n.d.-a). Corruption and Local Governance: The Double Identity of Chinese Local Governments in Market Reform. Pacific Review, 19, 85–102. Gong, Ting. (n.d.-b). Corruption and Reform in China: An Analysis of Unintended Consequences. Crime, Law, and Social Change, 19, 311–327. Gong, Ting. (2009). The Institutionalization of Party Discipline in China: Dynamics and Dilemmas. In Ting Gong & S. K. Ma (Eds.), Preventing corruption in Asia: Institutional design and policy capacity. Routledge. Gong, Ting. (2015). Managing government integrity under hierarchy: Anti-corruption efforts in local China. Journal of Contemporary China, 24(94), 684–700. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2014.978151 Gong, Ting, & Ma, S. K. (Eds.). (2009). Preventing corruption in Asia: Institutional design and policy capacity. Routledge. Gong, Ting, & Ren, J. (2013). Hard Rules and Soft Constraints: Regulating Conflict of Interest in China. Journal of Contemporary China, 22, 1–17. Gong, Ting, & Wang, S. (2013). Indicators and Implications of Zero Tolerance of Corruption: The Case of Hong Kong. Social Indicators Research, 112(3):, 569-586. Gong, Ting, Wang, S., & Ren, J. (2015). Corruption in the Eye of the Beholder: Survey Evidence from Mainland China and Hong Kong. International Public Management Journal, 18(3):, 458–482. Gong, Ting, & Wu, A. M. (2012). Does Increased Civil Service Pay Deter Corruption? Evidence from China. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 32(2), 192–204. Gong, Ting, & Zhou, N. (2015). Corruption and marketization: Formal and informal rules in Chinese public procurement.(Report). 9(1), 63.

165

Gonzalez, Adrian. (2016). Poverty, oil and corruption: The need for a Quad-Sector Development Partnership (QSDP) in Nigeria’s Niger Delta. Development Policy Review, 34(4), 509–538. https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.12164 Gonzalez, Alvaro, Lopez-Cordova, E., & Valladares, E. E. (2007). The incidence of graft on developing-country firms (No 4394, Policy Research Working Paper Series from The World Bank). Gonzalez, J. A., & Perez-Floriano, L. R. (2015). If You Can’t Take the Heat: Cultural Beliefs about Questionable Conduct, Stigma, Punishment, and Withdrawal among Mexican Police Officers. Organization Studies, 36(5), 665–687. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840615571961 González-Fernández, M., & González-Velasco, C. (2014). Shadow economy, corruption and public debt in Spain. Journal of Policy Modeling, 36(6), 1101. Gonzalez‐Ocantos, E., De Jonge, C. K., Meléndez, C., Osorio, J., & Nickerson, D. W. (2012). Vote Buying and Social Desirability Bias: Experimental Evidence from Nicaragua. American Journal of Political Science, 56(1), 202–217. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00540.x Gonzalez-Ocantos, E., & Hidalgo, V. (2019). Lava Jato beyond Borders: The Uneven Performance of Anticorruption Judicial Efforts in Latin America. Taiwan Journal of Democracy, 15(1), 63–89. Good, K. (1994). Corruption and Mismanagement in Botswana: A Best-Case Example? The Journal of Modern African Studies, 32(3), 499–521. Goodhand, J. (2008). Corruption or Consolidating the Peace? The Drugs Economy and Post-Conflict Peacebuilding in Afghanistan. International Peacekeeping, 15(3), 405–423. Goossen, M., Johansson Sevä, I., & Larsson, D. (2016). Basic human values and white-collar crime: Findings from Europe. European Journal Of Criminology, Journal Article. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370816633260 Gordon, D. (2014). Protecting the Integrity of the U.S. Federal Procurement System: Conflict of Interest Rules and Aspects of the System that Help Reduce Corruption. In Corruption and Conflicts of Interest: A Comparative Law Approach (pp. 39–52). Edward Elgar. Gordon, K., & Miyake, M. (2001). Business approaches to combating bribery: A study of codes of conduct. Journal of Business Ethics, 34(3/4), 161–173. Arts & Humanities Database; ProQuest Business Collection; ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection. Gordon, R., & Li, W. (2009). Tax structures in developing countries: Many puzzles and a possible explanation. Journal of Public Economics, 93(7–8), 855–866.

166

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2009.04.001 Gordon, S. C., & Huber, G. A. (2009). The Political Economy of Prosecution. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 5(1), 135–156. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.lawsocsci.093008.131458 Gordon, Sanford. (2009). Assessing Partisan Bias in Federal Public Corruption Prosecutions. The American Political Science Review, 103(4), 534–554. ProQuest Business Collection; ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055409990207 Gordon, Sarah. (2016). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: Prosecute Corruption and End Transnational Illegal Logging. Boston College.Law School.Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review, 43(1), 111–144. Gorman, T. O. (2015). The Origins of the FCPA: Lessons for Effective Compliance and Enforcement. Securities Regulation Law Journal, 43(1), 43. Gorta, angela, & Forell, suzie. (1995). Layers of decision: Linking social definitions of corruption and willingness to take action. Crime, Law and Social Change, 23(4), 315–343. Gorta, A. (1998). Minimising corruption: Applying lessons from the crime prevention literature. Crime, Law and Social Change, 30(1), 65–87. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008352924634 Gossel, S. J. (2018). FDI, democracy and corruption in Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Policy Modeling. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2018.04.001 Gotsadze, G., Bennett, S., Ranson, K., & Gzirishvili, D. (2005). Health care-seeking behaviour and out-of-pocket payments in Tbilisi, Georgia. Health Policy and Planning, 20(4), 232–242. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czi029 Gottlieb, J. (2016). Greater Expectations: A Field Experiment to Improve Accountability in Mali. American Journal of Political Science, 60(1), 143–157. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12186 Gouda, M., & Sang-Min, P. (2015). Religious Loyalty and Acceptance of Corruption. Jahrbücher Für Nationalökonomie Und Statistik, 235(2), 184–206. Goudie, A. W., & Stasavage, D. (1998). A framework for the analysis of corruption. Crime, Law and Social Change, 29(2), 113–159. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008369307796 Gould, D., & Amaro-Reyes, J. (1983). The effects of corruption on administrative performance: Illustrations from developing countries (World Bank staff working papers ; no. 580. Management and development series ; 7).

167

Goyal, K., & Singh, V. (2019). Demonetization In India- The Journey So Far. Productivity, 60(2), 195–203. https://doi.org/10.32381/PROD.2019.60.02.8 Graeff, P. (2005). Why Should One Trust in Corruption? The Linkage Between Corruption, Trust, Norms, and Social Capital. In The New Institutional Economics of Corruption (pp. 21–42). Graeff, P., & Mehlkop, G. (2003). The Impact of Economic Freedom on Corruption: Different Patterns for Rich and Poor Countries. European Journal of Political Economy, 19(3), 605–620. Graeff, P., & Svendsen, G. T. (2013). Trust and corruption: The influence of positive and negative social capital on the economic development in the European Union. Quality & Quantity, 47(5), 2829–2846. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-012-9693-4 Graham, B., & Stroup, C. (2016). Does anti-bribery enforcement deter foreign investment? Applied Economics Letters; Appl.Econ.Lett., 23(1), 63–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2015.1049333 Graham, C., & Chattopadhyay, S. (2009). Well-being and Public Attitudes in Afghanistan. World Economics, 10(3), 105–147. Granovetter, M. (2007). The Social Construction of Corruption. In On Capitalism (pp. 152–172). Stanford University Press. Gratton, G. (2015). The sound of silence: Political accountability and libel law. European Journal of Political Economy, 37(Journal Article), 266–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2014.09.007 Gray, C. W., & Ryterman, R. (2004). Anticorruption in Transition 2: Corruption Enterprise-State Interactions in Europe and Central Asia, 1999-2002. World Bank. Gray, H. (2015). The Political Economy of Grand Corruption in Tanzania. African Affairs, 114(456), 382. Gray, L. (2012). Recovering Corruptly Obtained Assets. In Handbook of Global Research and Practice in Corruption. Edward Elgar. Graycar, A. (2014). Awareness of Corruption in the Community and Public Service: A Victorian Study: Awareness of Corruption in the Community and Public Service. Australian Journal of Public Administration, 73(2), 271–281. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.12081 Graycar, A. (2015). Corruption: Classification and Analysis. Policy and Society, 34(2). Graycar, A. (2019). Mapping corruption in procurement. Journal of Financial Crime, 26(1),

168

162–178. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-06-2018-0063 Graycar, A., & Monaghan, O. (2015). Rich Country Corruption. International Journal of Public Administration, 38(8), 586. Graycar, A., & Prenzler, T. (2013). Understanding and Preventing Corruption. Pargrave Pivot. Graycar, A., & Sidebottom, A. (n.d.). Corruption and Control: A Corruption Reduction Appraoch. Journal of Financial Crime, 19(4), 384–399. Graycar, A., & Villa, D. (2011). The Loss of Governance Capacity through Corruption. Governance, 24(3), 419–438. Gray-Molina, Perez de Rada, E., & Yanez, E. (1999). Transparency and Accountability in Bolivia: Does Voice Matter? (IADB Working Paper #R381). IADB Working Paper #R381. Grechyna, D. (2012). Public Corruption and Public Debt: Some Empirical Evidence [Working Paper]. Green, A. J. (2012). United States v. Renzi: Reigning in the Speech or Debate Clause to Fight Corruption in Congress Post-Rayburn. Brigham Young University Law Review, 2012(2), 493–508. ProQuest Business Collection. Green, E. (2010). Patronage, District Creation, and Reform in Uganda. Studies in Comparative International Development, 45(1), 83–103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12116-009-9058-8 Green, P, & Ward, T. (2005). What’s Wrong with Bribery. In Defining Crimes: Essays on Special Part of the Criminal Law. Oxford University Press. Green, Penny, & Ward, T. (2004). State crime: Governments, violence and corruption. Pluto Press. Green, S. P. (2013). Official and commercial bribery: Should they be distinguished? In J. Horder & P. Alldridge (Eds.), Modern Bribery Law (pp. 39–65). Cambridge University Press. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781139088398A012 Greenhill, K. (2009). Kleptocratic Interdependence: Trafficking, Corruption, and the Marriage of Politics and Illicit Profits. In Corruption, Global Security, and World Order (pp. 96–123). Brookings Institution Press. Greenidge, K., McIntyre, A., & Yun, H. (2016). Structural Reform and Growth: What Really Matters? Evidence from the Caribbean (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2844160). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2844160 Greenlee, J. (2006). An Investigation of fraud in nonprofit organizations: Occurrences and deterrents. Hauser Center for Nonprofit Organizations, John FKennedy School of 169

Government, Harvard University. http://www.ksghauser.harvard.edu/PDF_XLS/workingpapers/workingpaper_35.pdf Gregory, R. (1999). Social Capital Theory and Administrative Reform: Maintaining Ethical Probity in Public Service. Public Administration Review, 59(1), 63–63. Gregory, R. (2016). Combating corruption in Vietnam: A commentary. Asian Education and Development Studies, 5(2), 227–243. Greve, H., Palmer, D., & Pozner, J.-E. (2010). Organizations Gone Wild: The Causes, Processes, and Consequences of Organizational Misconduct. The Academy of Management Annals, 4(1), 53–107. https://doi.org/10.1080/19416521003654186 Griffin, C. C. (2009). Reducing Corruption in the Health and Education Sectors. In R. I. Rotberg (Ed.), Corruption, Global Security and World ORder (pp. 430–456). Brookings Institution Press. Grigorescu, A. (2006). The Corruption Eruption in East-Central Europe: The Increased Salience of Corruption and the Role of Intergovernmental Organizations. East European Politics & Societies, 20(3), 516–549. https://doi.org/10.1177/0888325405276655 Grimes, M. (2008a). Contestation or complicity: Civil society as antidote or accessory to political corruption [Working Paper]. http://swepub.kb.se/bib/swepub:oai:services.scigloo.org:86377?tab2=abs&language=en Grimes, M. (2008b). The conditions of successful civil society involvement in combating corruption: A survey of case study evidence [Working Paper]. http://cmspres-vir-1.it.gu.se/digitalAssets/1350/1350673_2008_22_grimes.pdf Grimes, M. (2013). The contingencies of societal accountability examining the link between civil society and good government. Studies in Comparative International Development, 48(4), 380–402. Grimes, M., & Wängnerud, L. (2010). Curbing Corruption Through Social Welfare Reform? The Effects of Mexico’s Conditional Cash Transfer Program on Good Government. The American Review of Public Administration, 40(6), 671–690. https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074009359025 Grimm, D. J. (2010). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act in Merger and Acquisition Transactions: Successor Liability and its Consequences. New York University Journal of Law & Business, 7, 247–931. Grødeland, Å. B. (2010). Elite perceptions of anti-corruption efforts in Ukraine. Global Crime, 11(2), 237–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/17440571003669241 Grodeland, A. B., Koshechkina, T. Y., & Miller, W. L. (1998). “Foolish to Give and Yet More 170

Foolish Not to Take”. In-Depth Interviews with Post-Communist Citizens on Their Everyday Use of Bribes and Contacts. Europe-Asia Studies, 50(4), 651–677. Groenendijk, N. (1997). A principal-agent model of corruption. Crime, Law and Social Change, 27(3), 207–229. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008267601329 Grönlund, K., & Setälä, M. (2012). In Honest Officials We Trust. The American Review of Public Administration, 42(5), 523–542. https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074011412946 Grooms, K. (2015). Enforcing the Clean Water Act: The effect of state-level corruption on compliance. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 73(Journal Article), 50. Groop, C. (2017). Controlling the unruly agents—Linkages between accountability and corruption within the executive structures of Botswana. Journal of Contemporary African Studies : JCAS, 35(1), 34–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/02589001.2016.1248549 Groseclose, T., & Krehbiel, K. (1994). Golden Parachutes, Rubber Checks, and Strategic Retirements from the 102d House. American Journal of Political Science, 38(1), 75–99. https://doi.org/10.2307/2111336 Grosfeld, I., & Zhuravskaya, E. (2015). Cultural vs. Economic legacies of empires: Evidence from the partition of Poland. Journal of Comparative Economics, 43(1), 55–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2014.11.004 Grosjean, P., Ricka, F., & Senik, C. (2013). Learning, political attitudes and crises: Lessons from transition countries. Journal of Comparative Economics, 41(2), 490–505. Grossi, G., & Pianezzi, D. (2016). The new public corruption: Old questions for new challenges. Accounting Forum. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accfor.2016.05.002 Gu, Z., Liu, L., Tan, X., Liang, Y., Dang, J., Wei, C., Ren, D., Su, Q., & Wang, G. (2019). Does power corrupt? The moderating effect of status. International Journal of Psychology : Journal International de Psychologie. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12629 Gualtieri, D. (2013). A helping hand: The influence of the 1997 OECD convention in the Italian fight against corruption. Int. J. of Public Law and Policy, 3(3). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPLAP.2013.054749 Guasch, J. L., Laffont, J.-J., & Straub, S. (2008). Renegotiation of concession contracts in Latin America: Evidence from the water and transport sectors. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 26(2), 421–442. Guasch, J. L., & Straub, S. (2009). Corruption and concession renegotiations: Evidence from the water and transport sectors in latin america. Utilities Policy, 17(2), 185–190.

171

Guccio, C., Lisi, D., & Rizzo, I. (2019). When the purchasing officer looks the other way: On the waste effects of debauched local environment in public works execution. Economics of Governance, 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-019-00223-5 Guerrero, M. A., & Rodríguez-Oreggia, E. (2008). On the individual decisions to commit corruption: A methodological complement. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 65(2), 357–372. Guerrini, R., & Guidi, D. (2013). Bribery in Italy: An outlook on present laws and perspectives on reform. In J. Horder & P. Alldridge (Eds.), Modern Bribery Law (pp. 97–127). Cambridge University Press. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781139088398A015 Guerzovich, F., Chies Schommer, P., Menezes, O., & Cristina, E. (2018). Between Law, Technocracy and Politics: Is Brazilian State-Society Learning to Fight Corruption? (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 3251441). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3251441 Guetat, I. (2006). The effects of corruption on growth performance of the MENA countries. Journal of Economics and Finance, 30(2), 208–221. Guha, S., Rahim, N., Panigrahi, B., & Ngo, A. D. (2020). Does Corruption Act as a Deterrent to Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries? Organizations and Markets in Emerging Economies, 11(1), 18–34. https://doi.org/10.15388/omee.2020.11.21 Guinn, D. E., & Straussman, J. D. (2016). Improving the Budget Process in Fragile and Conflict-Ridden States: Two Modest Lessons from Afghanistan. Public Administration Review, 76(2), 263–272. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12397 Guiso, L., Sapienza, P., & Zingales, L. (2003). People’s opium? Religion and economic attitudes. Journal of Monetary Economics, 50(1), 225–282. Gulati, M., & Rao, M. Y. (2007). Corruption in the electricity sector: A pervasive scourge. In The many faces of corruption: Tracking vulnerabilities at the sector level (pp. 115–157). World Bank. Gullies, A., & Heuty, A. (2011). Does Transparency Work? The Challenges Of Measurement And Effectiveness In Resource-Rich Countries. Yale Journal of International Affairs, 6(2), 25–42. Gundlach, E., & Paldam, M. (2009). The transition of corruption: From poverty to honesty. Economics Letters, 103(3), 146–148. Gunduz, M., & Önder, O. (2013). Corruption and Internal Fraud in the Turkish Construction Industry. Science and Engineering Ethics, 19(2), 505–528.

172

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-012-9356-9 Guney, T. (2017). Governance and sustainable development: How effective is governance? Journal Of International Trade & Economic Development, 26(3), 316–335. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638199.2016.1249391 Gunnar, H. K. (2015). Political control and perceptions of corruption in Icelandic local government. Stjórnmál Og Stjórnsýsla, 11(1), 1. Guo, J., Wang, Y., & Yang, W. (2021). China’s anti-corruption shock and resource reallocation in the energy industry. Energy Economics, 105182-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2021.105182 Guo, X. (2014). Controlling Corruption in the Party: China’s Central Discipline Inspection Commission. China Quarterly, 219(Journal Article), 597–624. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741014000770 Guo, Y. (2008). Corruption in Transitional China: An Empirical Analysis. The China Quarterly, 194. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741008000416 Guo, Y., & Li, S. (2015). Anti- corruption measures in China: Suggestions for reforms. Asian Education and Development Studies, 4(1), 7–7. Gupta, A. (1995). Blurred boundaries: The discourse of corruption, the culture of politics, and the imagined state. American Ethnologist, 22(2), 375–402. Gupta, A. (2005). Narrating the state of corruption. In Corruption: Anthropological perspectives (pp. 173–193). Gupta, M. R., & Chaudhuri, S. (1997). Formal credit, corruption and the informal credit market in agriculture: A theoretical analysis. Economica, 64(254), 331–343. Gupta, Sanjeev, Davoodi, H., & Alonso-Terme, R. (2002). Does corruption affect income inequality and poverty? Economics of Governance, 3(1), 23–45. Gupta, Sanjeev, Davoodi, H. R., & Tiongson, E. (2000). Corruption and the provision of health care and education services (IMF Working Paper No. 00/116). International Monetary Fund. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=akYazkEN2pIC&oi=fnd&pg=PA3&dq= Gupta,+Sanjeev,+Hamid+Davoodi+%26+Erwin+Tiongson.+2000.+Corruption+and+the +Provision+of+Health+Care+and+Education+Services&ots=yCKCa4Kx6z&sig=DPRfu 9CwxSVqumVKW5lGNQaZV0o Gupta, Sanjeev, De Mello, L., & Sharan, R. (2001). Corruption and military spending. European Journal of Political Economy, 17(4), 749–777.

173

Gupta, Sen, & Abhijit. (2007). Determinants of Tax Revenue Efforts in Developing Countries (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 1007933). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1007933 Gurgur, T., & Shah, A. (2005). Localization and corruption: Panacea or pandora’s box? (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3486). World Bank Publications. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=ed3bLknFeTQC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq =Localization+and+Corruption:+Panacea+or+Pandora%E2%80%99s+Box%3F&ots=qat QJ2RdWC&sig=jwYJr6dvXniMS9MWssMZuh4pL88 Guriev, S. (2004). Red tape and corruption. Journal of Development Economics, 73(2), 489–504. Gutierrez‐Garcia, J. O., & Rodríguez, L. (2016). Corruptible social agents. Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds, 27(2), 89–102. https://doi.org/10.1002/cav.1613 Gutierrez-Garcia, J., & Rodríguez, L.-F. (2016). Social determinants of police corruption: Toward public policies for the prevention of police corruption. Policy Studies, Journal Article, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2016.1144735 Gutmann, J. (2015). Believe, But Verify? The Effect of Market Structure on Corruption in Religious Organizations. Kyklos, 68(2), 153. Gutmann, J., Padovano, F., & Voigt, S. (2015). Perception vs. experience: Explaining differences in corruption measures using microdata [Working Paper]. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2659349 Gutterman, E. (2014). The legitimacy of transnational NGOs: Lessons from the experience of Transparency International in Germany and France. Review of International Studies, 40(02), 391–418. Gutterman, E. (2015). Easier done than said: Transnational bribery, norm resonance, and the origins of the US foreign corrupt practices act. Foreign Policy Analysis, 11(1), 109–128. https://doi.org/10.1111/fpa.12027 Guvenli, T., & Sanyal, R. (2012). Perception and understanding of bribery in international business. Ethics & Behavior, 22(5), 333–348. Gyimah-Brempong, K. (2002). Corruption, economic growth, and income inequality in Africa. Economics of Governance, 3(3), 183–209. Gyimah-Brempong, K., & De Camacho, S. M. (2006). Corruption, growth, and income distribution: Are there regional differences? Economics of Governance, 7(3), 245–269. Haarhuis, C. K., & Leeuw, F. L. (2004). Fighting governmental corruption: The new World Bank programme evaluated. Journal of International Development, 16(4), 547–561.

174

Haarhuis, C. K., & Torenvlied, R. (2006). Dimensions and alignments in the African anti-corruption debate. Acta Politica, 41(1), 41–67. Haarhuis, K. (2005). Promoting anti-corruption reforms. Evaluating the implementation of a World Bank anti-Corruption program in seven African countries (1999-2001). Utrecht University. http://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/7131 Haberfeld, M. R., Klockars, C. B., Ivkovic, S. K., & Pagon, M. (2000). Police officer perceptions of the disciplinary consequences of police corruption in Croatia, Poland, Slovenia and the United States. Police Practice and Research, 1, 41–72. Habib, M., & Zurawicki, L. (2001). Country-level investments and the effect of corruption—Some empirical evidence. International Business Review, 10(6), 687–700. Habib, M., & Zurawicki, L. (2002a). Corruption and foreign direct investment. Journal of International Business Studies, 33(2), 291–307. Habib, M., & Zurawicki, L. (2002b). Corruption in the context of international business: Conceptual and methodological issues. Journal of Transnational Management Development, 6(3–4), 167–180. Habibov, N. (2009). Determinants of out-of-pocket expenditures on prescribed medications in Tajikistan: Implications for healthcare sector reform. Journal of Health Organization and Management, 23(2), 170–182. https://doi.org/10.1108/14777260910960911 Habibov, N. (2016). Effect of corruption on healthcare satisfaction in post-soviet nations: A cross-country instrumental variable analysis of twelve countries. Social Science & Medicine (1982), 152(Journal Article), 119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.01.044 Habibov, N., & Cheung, A. (2016). The impact of unofficial out-of-pocket payments on satisfaction with education in Post-Soviet countries. International Journal of Educational Development, 49(Journal Article), 70–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2016.02.002 Habibullah, M. S., Hdin, B., & Abdul Hamid, B. (2016). Good governance and crime rates in Malaysia. International Journal of Social Economics, 43(3), 308–320. Hafner, O. (1998). The role of corruption in the misappropriation of tropical forest resources and in tropical forest destruction. http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=GB2013200727 Hagenbuch, S. (2012). Taming Instrumentality: The FCPA’s Legislative History Requires Proof of Government Control. U. Chi. Legal F., 351. Hajhoseiny, S., Fathi, Z., & Shafiei, H. (2019). Are Those with Darker Personality Traits more Willing to Corrupt When They Feel Anxious? Iranian Journal of Management Studies, 175

12(3), 451–479. https://doi.org/10.22059/ijms.2019.266704.673335 Halim, N. (2008). Testing alternative theories of bureaucratic corruption in less developed countries. Social Science Quarterly, 89(1), 236–257. Hall, D. (1999). Privatisation, multinationals, and corruption. Development in Practice, 9(5), 539–556. Hall, K. (2013). Strategic Privatisation of Transnational Anti-Corruption Regulation. Australian Journal of Corporate Law, 28(1), 60. Hall, R. E., & Jones, C. I. (1999). Why do some countries produce so much more output per worker than others? National bureau of economic research. http://www.nber.org/papers/w6564 Hall, R. L., & Van Houweling, R. P. (1995). Avarice and ambition in Congress: Representatives’ decisions to run or retire from the US House. American Political Science Review, 89(01), 121–136. Hall, T., & Yago, G. (2000). Estimating the cost of opacity using sovereign bond spreads (Milken Institute Policy Brief No. 13). Hallagan, W. (2010). Corruption in dictatorships. Economics of Governance, 11(1), 27–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-009-0066-y Halleröd, B., Rothstein, B., Daoud, A., & Nandy, S. (2013). Bad governance and poor children: A comparative analysis of government efficiency and severe child deprivation in 68 low-and middle-income countries. World Development, 48, 19–31. Hall-Matthews, D. (2007). Tickling Donors and Tackling Opponents: The Anti-Corruption Campaign in Malawi. In Corruption and Development: The Anti-Corruption Campaigns (pp. 77–102). Springer. http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9780230590625_4 Hallward-Driemeier, M. (2009). Who survives? The impact of corruption, competition and property rights across firms (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 5084). http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1492564 Hamdani, R., & Sanusi, Z. M. (2018). The New Face of People Power: An Exploratory Study on the Potential of Social Media for Combating Corruption in Indonesia. Australasian Accounting, 12(3), 19–40. https://doi.org/10.14453/aabfj.v12i3.3 Hameed, F. (2005). Fiscal transparency and economic outcomes (WP/05/225). International Monetary Fund. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=DuRFK9Qfh0IC&oi=fnd&pg=PA4&dq =Hameed,+F.+2005.+Fiscal+Transparency+and+Economic+Outcomes&ots=fQZ4LsNun Q&sig=49A0kUHVM6-tU3K7ibg2d69EEvQ 176

Hamid, A. (2014). A Family Matter: Political Corruption in Banten, Indonesia. Asian Politics & Policy, 6(4), 577–593. Hamilton-Hart, N. (2001). Anti-corruption strategies in Indonesia. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 37(1), 65–82. Hamra, W. (2000). Bribery in international business transactions and the OECD convention: Benefits and limitations. Business Economics, 35(4), 33–33. Hanapiyah, Z. M., Daud, S., & Abdullah, W. M. T. W. (2016). Human Governance and Level of Corruption Risk. Procedia Economics and Finance, 35, 127–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(16)00017-4 Hancock, G. (1989). Lords of poverty: The power, prestige, and corruption of the international aid business. Atlantic Monthly Press. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=5bHvTtNmsikC&oi=fnd&pg=PP13&dq =Lords+of+Poverty:+The+Power,+Prestige,+and+Corruption+of+the+International+Aid +Business+&ots=otSQ16bvDX&sig=DLDPlyOEKPny4H0nDeypzuKlFsQ Hand, J. (2005). Government Corruption and Exploitation of Indigenous Peoples. Santa Clara J. Int’l L., 3, i. Hanf, M., Van-Melle, A., Fraisse, F., Roger, A., Carme, B., & Nacher, M. (2011). Corruption kills: Estimating the global impact of corruption on children deaths. PLoS One, 6(11), e26990. Hankiss, E. (2002). Games of corruption East Central Europe, 1945-1999 (pp. 244–259). Hanlon, J. (2004). How northern donors promote corruption. The Corner House October, 33. http://probeinternational.org/library/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/How-Northern-Donors- Promote-Corruption-_-The-Corner-House.pdf Hanna, R., Bishop, S., Nadel, S., Scheffler, G., & Durlacher, K. (2011). The effectiveness of anti-corruption policy: What has worked, what hasn’t, and what we don’t know. Centre for International Development, Harvard University. Hanna, R., & Wang, S.-Y. (2017). Dishonesty and Selection into Public Service: Evidence from India. American Economic Journal. Economic Policy, 9(3), 262–290. https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20150029 Hanousek, J., & Kočenda, E. (2011). Public investment and fiscal performance in the new EU member states. Fiscal Studies, 32(1), 43–71. Hanousek, J., & Kochanova, A. (2016). Bribery environments and firm performance: Evidence from CEE countries. European Journal of Political Economy, 43(Journal Article), 14–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2016.02.002 177

Hansberry, H. L. (2012). In Spite of Its Good Intentions, the Dodd-Frank Act Has Created an FCPA Monster. The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-), 102(1), 195–226. Hansen, H. K. (2011). Managing corruption risks. Review of International Political Economy, 18(2), 251–275. Hanusch, M., & Keefer, P. (2013). Promises, promises: Vote-buying and the electoral mobilization strategies of non-credible politicians (Policy Research Working Paper Series No. 6653). The World Bank. http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/wbkwbrwps/6653.htm Hao, Y., Gai, Z., & Wu, H. (2020). How do resource misallocation and government corruption affect green total factor energy efficiency? Evidence from China. Energy Policy, 143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111562 Haque, M. E., & Kneller, R. (2015). Why does Public Investment Fail to Raise Economic Growth? The Role of Corruption.(Report). 83(6), 623. Haque, M. Emranul. (2013). Unproductive Education in a Model of Corruption and Growth [Working Paper]. Economics, The Univeristy of Manchester. https://ideas.repec.org/p/man/cgbcrp/179.html Haque, M. Emranul, & Hussain, B. (2013). Where does Education go?–The Role of Corruption. Manchester Growth and Business Cycle Center Working Paper. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Babar_Hussain/publication/256092779_Where_doe s_Education_go_The_Role_of_Corruption/links/0deec521b1fa698c37000000.pdf Haque, M. Emranul, & Kneller, R. (2009). Corruption clubs: Endogenous thresholds in corruption and development. Economics of Governance, 10(4), 345–373. Haque, M. Emranul, & Neanidis, K. C. (2009). Fiscal Transparency and Corruption. Centre for Growth & Business Cycle Research Discussion Paper Series, 114. Harding, J. (2014). Corruption or Guanxi? Differentiating between the Legitimate, Unethical, and Corrupt Activities of Chinese Government Officials. Pacific Basin Law Journal, 31(2). http://escholarship.org/uc/item/0p8650mm Harding, R. (2015). Attribution And Accountability: Voting for roads in Ghana. World Politics, 67(4), 656–689. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043887115000209 Hardouin, P. (2009). Banks governance and public-private partnership in preventing and confronting organized crime, corruption and terrorism financing. Journal of Financial Crime, 16(3), 199–209. Hardy, P. D. (1994). Emerging Role of the Quid Pro Quo Requirement in Public Corruption 178

Prosecutions under the Hobbs Act, The. U. Mich. JL Reform, 28, 409. Harm, C. (2005). Political Determinants of Corporate Governance: Corruption and other forms of rent-seeking [Working Paper]. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=667347 Harms, B. C. (2000). Holding Public Officials Accountable in the International Realm: A New Multi-Layered Strategy to Combat Corruption. Cornell Int’l LJ, 33, 159. Harring, N. (2013). Understanding the Effects of Corruption and Political Trust on Willingness to Make Economic Sacrifices for Environmental Protection in a Cross-National Perspective. Social Science Quarterly, 94(3), 660–671. Harrison, E. (2004). The ‘cancer of corruption.’ In Between morality and the law: Corruption, anthropology and comparative society (pp. 135–153). Ashgate. Harrison, E. (2006). Unpacking the anti-corruption agenda: Dilemmas for anthropologists. Oxford Development Studies, 34(1), 15–29. Harrison, E. (2007). Corruption. Development in Practice, 17(4–5), 672–678. Harrison, G. (1999a). Clean-ups, conditionality & adjustment: Why institutions matter in Mozambique. Review of African Political Economy, 26(81), 323–333. Harrison, G. (1999b). Corruption as’ boundary politics’: The state, democratisation, and Mozambique’s unstable liberalisation. Third World Quarterly, 20(3), 537–550. Harrison, M., & Kim, B.-Y. (2006). Plans, prices, and corruption: The Soviet firm under partial centralization, 1930 to 1990. The Journal of Economic History, 66(01), 1–41. Harriss-White, B., & White, G. (1996). Corruption, liberalization and democracy. IDS Bulletin, 27(2), 1–5. Harris-White, B., & White, G. (1996). Liberalization and New Forms of Corruption. Institute of Development Studies. Harsch, E. (1993). Accumulators and democrats: Challenging state corruption in Africa. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 31(01), 31–48. Harstad, B. ard, & Svensson, J. (2011). Bribes, lobbying, and development. American Political Science Review, 105(01), 46–63. Hart, C. L. (2014). Money laundering. American Criminal Law Review, 51(4), 1449. Hartman, J. M. (1997). Government by Thieves: Revealing the Monsters Behind the Kleptocratic Masks. Syracuse J. Int’l L. & Com., 24, 157. Hartman, V., & Ramamoorti, S. (2016). Public corruption: Causes, consequences and 179

countermeasures. The Journal of Government Financial Management, 65(1), 42–47. Harun, H., Mir, M., Carter, D., & An, Y. (2019). Examining the unintended outcomes of NPM reforms in Indonesia. Public Money & Management, 39(2), 86–94. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540962.2019.1580892 Hasen, R. L. (1992). Enriched Economic Model of Political Patronage and Campaign Contributions: Reformulating Supreme Court Jurisprudence, An. Cardozo L. Rev., 14, 1311. Hasen, R. L. (2004). Buckley Is Dead, Long Live Buckley: The New Campaign Finance Incoherence of McConnell v. Federal Election Commission. University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 153(1), 31–72. Hasen, R. L. 1. (2015). Why Isn’t Congress More Corrupt?: A Preliminary Inquiry. Fordham Law Review, 84(2), 429–443. Hasker, K., & Okten, C. (2008). Intermediaries and corruption. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 67(1), 103–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2006.06.015 Hassaballa, H. (2015). The Effect of Corruption on Carbon Dioxide Emissions in the Mena Region. European Journal of Sustainable Development, 4(2), 301–311. Hassid, J., & Brass, J. N. (2015). Scandals, Media and Good Governance in China and Kenya. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 50(3), 325–342. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909614528865 Hasty, J. (2005a). Sympathetic magic/contagious corruption: Sociality, democracy, and the press in Ghana. Public Culture, 17(3), 339. Hasty, J. (2005b). The pleasures of corruption: Desire and discipline in Ghanaian political culture. Cultural Anthropology, 20(2), 271–301. Hatak, I., Fink, M., & Frank, H. (2015). Business freedom, corruption and the performance of trusting cooperation partners: Empirical findings from six European countries. Review of Managerial Science, 9(3), 523–547. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-014-0127-7 Hatchard, J. (2012). Combating corruption: Some reflections on the use of the offence and the tort of misconduct/misfeasance in a public office. Denning Law Journal, 24, 65–88. Hatchard, J. (2014). Combating corruption: Legal approaches to supporting good governance and integrity in Africa. Edward Elgar PubLtd. Haufler, V. (2010). Disclosure as Governance: The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative and Resource Management in the Developing World. Global Environmental Politics, 10(3), 53–73. https://doi.org/10.1162/GLEP_a_00014

180

Haugeneder, F. (2009). Corruption in Investor-State Arbitration. The Journal of World Investment & Trade, 10(3), vii–339. https://doi.org/10.1163/221190009X00079 Hauk, E., & Saez-Marti, M. (2002). On the Cultural Transmission of Corruption. Journal of Economic Theory, 107(2), 311–335. https://doi.org/10.1006/jeth.2001.2956 Hawken, A., & Munck, G. L. (2009). Measuring corruption: A critical assessment and a proposal. In A. K. Rajivan & R. Gampat (Eds.), Perspectives on Corruption and Human Development (pp. 71–106). Macmillan. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2480847 Hawthorne, O. (2013). Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions Index:“best flawed” measure on Corruption?’. 3rd Global Conference on Transparency Research, Paris, October, 24–26. http://campus.hec.fr/global-transparency/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Hawthorne-HEC.p df Hawthorne, O. E. (2015). Do international corruption metrics matter?: The impact of Transparency International’s corruption perception index. Lexington Books, 2015. He, C., Xie, X., & Zhu, S. (2015). Going global: Understanding China’s outward foreign direct investment from motivational and institutional perspectives. Post-Communist Economies, 27(4), 448–471. https://doi.org/10.1080/14631377.2015.1084716 He, X. F. (2003). Sporadic law enforcement campaigns as a means of social control: A case study from a rural-urban migrant enclave in Beijing. Columbia Journal of Asian Law, 17(1), 121–145. He, Z. (2000). Corruption and anti-corruption in reform China. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 33(2), 243–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-067X(00)00006-4 Head, B. (2012). The contribution of integrity agencies to good governance. Policy Studies, 33(1), 7–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2011.601200 Healy, P. M., & Ramanna, K. (2013). When the crowd fights corruption: In Russia, citizens are cleaning up business and government. Harvard Business Review, 91(1–2), 122. Healy, P., & Serafeim, G. (2016). An Analysis of Firms’ Self -Reported Anticorruption Efforts. Accounting Review; Account.Rev., 91(2), 489–511. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-51191 Hearn, K. (2016). Disasters, corruption, propaganda and spin. 12(2), 15. Hearn, R. G. (2012). The Role of Education in Changing Corrupt Practices. In A. Graycar & R. G. Smith (Eds.), Handbook of Global Research and Practice in Corruption. Edward Elgar.

181

Hearn, R. G. (2014). Does Corruption Drive Government Spending? Public Administration Review, 74(3), 359. Hebous, S., & Lipatov, V. (2014). A journey from a corruption port to a tax haven. Journal Of Comparative Economics, 42(3), 739–754. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2013.05.006 Hechanova, M. R. M., Melgar, I., Falguera, P. Z., & Villaverde, M. (2014). Organisational Culture and Workplace Corruption in Government Hospitals. Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology, 8(2), 62–70. https://doi.org/10.1017/prp.2014.5 Heckelman, J. (1995). The effect of the secret ballot on voter turnout rates. Public Choice, 82(1), 107–124. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01047732 Heckelman, J. C., & Powell, B. (2010). Corruption and the Institutional Environment for Growth. Comparative Economic Studies, 52(3), 351. https://doi.org/10.1057/ces.2010.14 Heeks, R. (1998). Information Technology and Public Sector Corruption [Working Paper]. Heeks, R. (1999). Information technology and the management of corruption. Development in Practice, 9(1–2), 184–189. https://doi.org/10.1080/09614529953359 Heeks, R. (2002). Information Systems and Developing Countries: Failure, Success, and Local Improvisations. The Information Society, 18(2), 101–112. https://doi.org/10.1080/01972240290075039 Heeks, R. (2007). Why Anti-Corruption Initiatives Fail: Technology Transfer and Contextual Collision. In S. Bracking (Ed.), Corruption and development: The anti-corruption campaigns. Palgrave Macmillan. Heeks, R., & Mathisen, H. (2012). Understanding success and failure of anti-corruption initiatives. Crime, Law and Social Change, 58(5), 533–549. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-011-9361-y Hefeker, C. (2010). Taxation, corruption and the exchange rate regime. Journal of Macroeconomics, 32(1), 338–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmacro.2009.03.006 Heggstad, K., Froystad, M., & Bergen: CMI. (2011). The Basics of Integrity in Procurement. U4, 10. Heidenheimer, A. J. (1989). Perspectives on the Perception of Corruption. In M. Johnston, V. Levine, V. T. Le Vine, & A. J. Heidenheimer (Eds.), Political corruption: A handbook. Transaction Books. Heidenheimer, A. J., & Johnston, M. (2002). Political corruption: Concepts & contexts (3rd ed.). Transaction Publishers. Heidenheimer, Aj. (1996). The topography of corruption: Explorations in comparative 182

perspective. International Social Science Journal, 48(3), 337-. Heidenheimer, Arnold. (2004). Disjunctions between corruption and democracy? A qualitative exploration. Crime, Law and Social Change, 42(1), 99–109. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CRIS.0000041039.59712.db Heifetz, D. L. (2002). Japan’s implementation of the OECD anti-bribery convention: Weaker and less effective than the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Pacific Rim Law & Policy Journal, 11(1), 209–230. Heilbrunn, J. (1999). Corruption, Democracy, and Reform in Benin. In A. Schedler, L. J. Diamond, & M. F. Plattner (Eds.), The self-restraining state: Power and accountability in new democracies. Lynne Rienner Publishers. Heilbrunn, J. (2004). Anticorruption Commissions: Panacea or Real Medicine to Fight Corruption? (World Bank Institute Working Paper 37234). Heilbrunn, J. (2012). Post-Conflict Reconstruction, Legitimacy and Anti-Corruption Commissions. In C. Cheng & D. Zaum (Eds.), Corruption and post-conflict peacebuilding: Selling the peace? Routledge. Heilbrunn, J. R. (2005). Oil and Water? Elite Politicians and Corruption in France. Comparative Politics, 37(3), 277–296. https://doi.org/10.2307/20072890 Heilman, B., Kamata, N. W., & Ndumbaro, L. (2000). Corruption, Politics, and Societal Values in Tanzania. Journal of Social Philosophy, 31(4), 497–506. https://doi.org/10.1111/0047-2786.00070 Heimann, F. (1994). Should Foreign Bribery Be a Crime? Hein, M. (2015). The Fight Against Government Corruption in Romania: Irreversible Results or Sisyphean Challenge? Europe - Asia Studies, 67(5), 747. Heine, G., Huber, B., & Rose, T. O. (2003). Private commercial bribery: A comparison of national and supranational legal structures. Edition Iuscrim ; Heineman, B. (2009). The Role of the Multi-National Corporation in the Long War Against Corruption. In R. I. Rotberg (Ed.), Corruption, global security, and world order. World Peace Foundation : Harvard Kennedy School Program on Intrastate Conflict : American Academy of Arts & Sciences ; Brookings Institution Press. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.PMUSE_batch:PMUSE342320151124 Heineman, B. W. (2008). High performance with high integrity. Harvard Business Press. Heinrich, F., & Hodess, R. (2012). Measuring Corruption. In A. Graycar, R. G. Smith, A. Graycar, & R. G. Smith (Eds.), Handbook of global research and practice in corruption.

183

Edward Elgar. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.GEN_batch:ELGAR05220150821 Helle, S.-E., & Rakner, L. (2013). Grabbing’ an Election: Abuse of State Resources in the 2011 Elections in Uganda. In T. Søreide & A. Williams (Eds.), Corruption, grabbing and development: Real world challenges. Edward Elgar, 2014. Helliwell, J. F., & Huang, H. F. (2008). How’s Your Government? International Evidence Linking Good Government and Well-Being. British Journal of Political Science, 38, 595–619. Hellman, J., Jones, G., & Kaufmann, D. (2006). Far from Home: Do Foreign Investors Import Higher Standards of Governance in Transition Economies. In T. Clarke & M. dela Rama (Eds.), Corporate governance and globalization (pp. 206–234). SAGE. Hellman, J. S. (1998). Winners Take All: The Politics of Partial Reform in Postcommunist Transitions. World Politics, 50(2), 203–234. Hellman, J. S., Jones, G., & Kaufmann, D. (2003). Seize the state, seize the day: State capture and influence in transition economies. Journal of Comparative Economics, 31(4), 751–773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2003.09.006 Hellman, J., & Schankerman, M. (2000). Intervention, Corruption and Capture: The Nexus between Enterprises and the State. Economics of Transition, 8(3), 545–576. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0351.00055 Hellmann, O. (2014). Explaining the Institutionalization of Political Corruption: The Effects of Colonial Rule and Decolonization. Working Paper. Hellmann, O. (2019). The visual politics of corruption. Third World Quarterly, 40(12), 2129–2152. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2019.1636224 Hellner, N. (2009). Defining and Measuring Corruption: Where Have We Come From, Where Are We Now, and What Matters for the Future. In R. I. Rotberg & M. Bunn (Eds.), Corruption, global security, and world order (pp. 47–65). World Peace Foundation : Harvard Kennedy School Program on Intrastate Conflict : American Academy of Arts & Sciences ; Brookings Institution Press. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.PMUSE_batch:PMUSE342320151124 Hellsten, S. (2006). Leadership, Ethics and Politics: The Problem of Dirty Hands in the Poltical Economy of Contemporary Africa. Ethics and Economics, 4(2). Hellsten, S. K. (2003). “Trust Me! My Hands Are Dirty Also”: Institutionalized Corruption and the Competing Codes of Public and Private Ethics. Professional Ethics, A Multidisciplinary Journal, 11(1), 55–81. https://doi.org/10.5840/profethics20031114

184

Hellsten, S., & Larbi, G. A. (2006). Public good or private good? The paradox of public and private ethics in the context of developing countries. Public Administration and Development, 26(2), 135–145. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.406 Helmer, E. (2008). Corruption in International Commercial Arbitration: Fiona Trust & Holding Corp. V. Privalov. International Arbitration News, 8(2), 2–11. Helmer, E., & Deming, S. H. (2011). Non-governmental organizations: Anticorruption compliance challenges and risks. International Lawyer, 45(2), 597. Helmy, H. E. (2013). The impact of corruption on FDI: Is MENA an exception? International Review of Applied Economics, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/02692171.2012.752445 Henderson, J. V., & Kuncoro, A. (2011). Corruption and local democratization in Indonesia: The role of Islamic parties. Journal of Development Economics, 94(2), 164–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2010.01.007 Henderson, & Kuncoro, A. (2004). Corruption in Indonesia (p. 10674) [NBER Working Paper Series]. Hendrix, S. E. (2005). New approaches to addressing corruption in the context of U.S. foreign assistance with examples from Latin America and the Caribbean. Southwestern Journal of Law and Trade in the Americas, 12(1), 1–23. Henning, P. J. (2001). Public corruption: A comparative analysis of international corruption conventions and United States law. Arizona Journal of International and Comparative Law, 18(3), 793–865. Henning, P. J. (2003). Federalism and the federal prosecution of state and local corruption. The Kentucky Law Journal, 92(1), 75–148. Henning, P. J. (2009). Corporate Criminal Liability and the Potential for Rehabilitation. American Criminal Law Review, 46, 1417–1563. Henning, P. J. (2011). The prosecution and defense of public corruption: The law and legal strategies. Oxford University Press. Henning, P. J. (2012a). Be Careful What You Wish For: Thoughts on a Compliance Defense Under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Ohio State Law Journal, 73, 883–1485. Henning, P. J. (2012b). Making sure “the buck stops here”: Barring executives for corporate violations. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 91–128. Hepburn, J. (2014). In Accordance with Which Host State Laws? Restoring the ‘Defence’ of Investor Illegality in Investment Arbitration. Journal of International Dispute Settlement, 5(3), 531–559.

185

Herath, D., Lindberg, J., & Orjuela, C. (2019). Swimming upstream: Fighting systemic corruption in Sri Lanka. Contemporary South Asia, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/09584935.2019.1579171 Hermawan, I., & Joga, T. (2018). Game Having Adventure Genre as an Innovative Humanistic Learning Model to the Anticorruption Educational Approach in ECD. Advanced Science Letters, 24(11), 8085–8089. https://doi.org/10.1166/asl.2018.12497 Hernandez, T., & McGee, R. (n.d.). Ethical Attitudes Toward Taking a Bribe: A Study of Three Latin American Countries [Working Paper]. http://dx.doi.org.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/10.2139/ssrn.2426955 Hessami, Z. (2014). Political corruption, public procurement, and budget composition: Theory and evidence from OECD countries. European Journal of Political Economy, 34(Journal Article), 372–389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2014.02.005 Hessami, Zohal, & Uebelmesser, S. (2016). A political-economy perspective on social expenditures: Corruption and in-kind versus cash transfers. Economics of Governance, 17(1), 71–100. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-015-0178-5 Hewa Wellalage, N., Locke, S., & Samujh, H. (2020). Firm bribery and credit access: Evidence from Indian SMEs. Small Business Economics, 55(1), 283–304. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-019-00161-w Heywood, P., & Rose, J. (2014). “Close but no Cigar”: The measurement of corruption. Journal of Public Policy, 34(3), 507–529. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0143814X14000099 Hickman, M. J., Piquero, A. R., Powell, Z. A., & Greene, J. (2016). Expanding the measurement of police integrity. Policing, 39(2), 246–267. Hidalgo, F., & Nichter, S. (2016). Voter Buying: Shaping the Electorate through Clientelism. American Journal of Political Science, 60(2), 436–455. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12214 Hildreth, J. A. D., Gino, F., & Bazerman, M. (2016). Blind loyalty? When group loyalty makes us see evil or engage in it. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 132(Journal Article), 16. Hills, L. (2014). Universal Anti-Bribery Legislation Can Save International Business: A Comparison of the FCPA and the UKBA in an Attempt to Create Universal Legislation to Combat Bribery Around the Globe [Working Paper]. Hindess, B. (2005). Investigating International Anti-corruption. Third World Quarterly, 26(8), 1389–1398. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436590500336864 Hindess, B. (2012). Introduction: How Should We Think About Corruption? In M. Barcham, B. 186

Hindess, & P. Larmour (Eds.), Corruption: Expanding the Focus (pp. 1–24). Canberra: ANU Press. http://www.oapen.org/download?type=document&docid=459875 Hira, A., & Shiao, K. (2016). Understanding the Deep Roots of Success in Effective Civil Services. 32(1), 17–43. https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X15609711 Hodder, R. (2015). What’s Wrong with Patronage? Society, 52(2), 166–173. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12115-015-9878-2 Hodler, R., & Raschky, P. A. (2014). Regional favoritism. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 129(2), 995. Hollard, G., & Sene, O. (2016). Social capital and access to primary health care in developing countries: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Health Economics, 45(Journal Article), 1. Hollyer, J. R., Rosendorff, B. P., & Vreeland, J. R. (2014). Measuring Transparency. Political Analysis, 22(4), 413. Holmes, L. (2015). Corruption: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. Holtmeier, J. (2015). Cross-Border Corruption Enforcement: A Case for Measured Coordination among Multiple Enforcement Authorities. Fordham Law Review, 84(2), 493–523. Holtzblatt, M., & Tschakert, N. (2014). Baker Hughes: Greasing the wheels in Kazakhstan (FCPA violations and implementation of a corporate ethics and anti-corruption compliance program). Journal of Accounting Education, 32(1), 36–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccedu.2014.01.005 Hong, F., & Yin, Z. (2020). Collusion, extortion and the government’s organizational structure. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 180, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2020.09.008 Hong, S., & Lim, J. (2016). Capture and the bureaucratic mafia: Does the revolving door erode bureaucratic integrity? Public Choice, 166(1), 69–86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-016-0315-x Hooghe, M., & Quintelier, E. (2014). Political participation in European countries: The effect of authoritarian rule, corruption, lack of good governance and economic downturn. COMPARATIVE EUROPEAN POLITICS, 12(2), 209–232. https://doi.org/10.1057/cep.2013.3 Hope, K. R. (2016). The Corruption Problem in Swaziland: Consequences and Some Aspects of Policy to Combat It. Journal of Developing Societies, 32(2), 130–158. https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X15609715

187

Horder, J. (2013). Deterring bribery: Law, regulation and the export trade. In J. Horder & P. Alldridge (Eds.), Modern Bribery Law (pp. 196–216). Cambridge University Press. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781139088398A018 Houqe, M. N., & Monem, R. M. (2016). IFRS Adoption, Extent of Disclosure, and Perceived Corruption: A Cross-Country Study. The International Journal of Accounting, 51(3), 363–378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intacc.2016.07.002 Houqe, M. N., Van Zijl, T., Waresul Karim, A. K. M., & Mahoney, A. (2019). What is the impact of corruption on audit fees? Public Money & Management, 39(2), 123–131. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540962.2019.1580912 Hsiao, A., & Vogt, V. (2019). Correction: Effect of corruption on perceived difficulties in healthcare access in sub-Saharan Africa. PLoS One, 14(11), e0224915. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224915 Hsu, Y.-H. (2008). Is Corruption a Grabbing Hand? A Panel Data Study of FDI. http://citeweb.info/20081913017 Huang, C.-J. (2016). Is corruption bad for economic growth? Evidence from Asia-Pacific countries. North American Journal of Economics & Finance, 35(Journal Article), 247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2015.10.013 Huang, F., Chen, X., & Wang, L. (2018). Evolution of cooperation in a hierarchical society with corruption control. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 449, 60–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.04.018 Huang, H., & Li, Z. (2015). Procurement auctions with ex-ante endogenous bribery. Economic Modelling, 47(Journal Article), 111–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2015.02.017 Huang, Z., Liu, L., Zheng, W., Tan, X., & Zhao, X. (2015). Walking the Straight and Narrow: The Moderating Effect of Evaluation Apprehension on the Relationship between Collectivism and Corruption. PLoS One, 10(3), n/a. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123859 Huberts, L. (2014). The Integrity of Governance. Palgrave Macmillan UK. http://link.springer.com/10.1057/9781137380814 Huffer, E. (2005). Governance, Corruption, and Ethics in the South Pacific. The Contemporary Pacific, 17(1), 118–140. https://doi.org/10.1353/cp.2005.0014 Huss, O., Bader, M., Meleshevych, A., & Nesterenko, O. (2020). Explaining Variation in the Effectiveness of Anti-Corruption Activism in Ukraine’s Regions: The Role of Local Context, Political Will, Institutional Factors, and Structural Factors. Demokratizatsiya, 28(2), 201–227.

188

Iarossi, G. (2006). The Power of Survey Design: A User’s Guide for Managing Surveys, Interpreting Results, and Influencing Respondents. The World Bank. http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/978-0-8213-6392-8 Idakwoji, S. P. (2010). Leadership, corruption and development. Canadian Social Science, 6(6), 173–197. Ihugba, B. U. (2014). A critical analysis of the auditing and reporting functions of Nigeria Extractive Industry Transparency Initiative (NEITI) Act 2007 lessons for EITI countries. Journal of International Trade Law and Policy : JITLP, 13(3), 232–245. Ikharehon, J., & Omoregie, N. (2015). Corruption and Poverty Challenges in Nigeria. Indian Journal of Commerce and Management Studies, 6(1), 96–102. Immordino, G., & Pagano, M. (2010). Legal Standards, Enforcement, and Corruption. Journal of the European Economic Association, 8(5), 1104–1132. In’airat, M. (2014). Aid allocation, selectivity, and the quality of governance. Journal of Economics, Finance & Administrative Science, 19(36), 63–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jefas.2014.03.002 Indawati, N. (2015). The Development of Anti- Corruption Education Course for Primary School Teacher Education Students. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(35), 48–54. Infante, D., & Smirnova, J. (2016). Environmental Technology Choice in the Presence of Corruption and the Rule of Law Enforcement. Transformations In Business & Economics, 15(1), 214–227. Infante, L., & Piazza, M. (2014). Political connections and preferential lending at local level: Some evidence from the Italian credit market. Journal of Corporate Finance, 29(Journal Article), 246. Ing, L. (2016). Building and Maintaining an Effective Compliance Program. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 5(1), 24–39. Ingle, B., & McClure, S. (2008). The Soprano State: New Jersey’s Culture of Corruption. Macmillan. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=Hl17n482_KQC&oi=fnd&pg=PR11&dq =The+Soprano+State:+New+Jersey%E2%80%99s+Culture+of+Corruption&ots=lRWR MlvkEe&sig=RR6RnAhxyADc1Xpx3MLcZNKpcXA Inman, K., & Andrews, J. T. (2009). Corruption and political participation in Africa: Evidence from survey and experimental research (pp. 3–6) [Working Paper]. https://fsi.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/evnts/media/Inman_Andrews_Corruption_and_ Participation_in_Africa.pdf

189

Innes, A. (2014). The Political Economy of State Capture in Central Europe: The political economy of state capture in central Europe. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 52(1), 88–104. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.12079 Innes, R., & Mitra, A. (2013). Is dishonesty contagious? Economic Inquiry, 51(1), 722–734. International Council on Human Rights Policy. (2009). Corruption and Human Rights: Making the Connection. https://www.ncjrs.gov/App/Publications/abstract.aspx?ID=248148 International Council on Human Rights Policy, C. (2010). Integrating Human Rights into the Anti-corruption agenda: Challenges, possibilities and opportunities. International Monetary Fund. (2016). Corruption: Costs and Mitigating Strategies (SDN/16/05). Ionescu, Luminija. (2015). Electoral accountability and political corruption. Economics, Management & Financial Markets, 10(3), 63. Ionescu, Luminita. (2010). The relationship between government effectiveness and corruption. Economics, Management and Financial Markets, 5(4), 226. Ionescu, Luminita. (2014). The Adverse Effects of Corruption on Growth and Development. Economics, Management and Financial Markets, 9(4), 125–130. Ionescu, Luminita. (2015a). The Economics of Corruption in Professional Sport. Economics, Management and Financial Markets, 10(2), 109–114. Ionescu, Luminita. (2015b). The Role of E-Government in Curbing the Corruption in Public Administration. Economics, Management and Financial Markets, 10(1), 48–53. Ionescu, Luminita. (2015c). Why do Electors Support Corrupt Politicians? Economics, Management & Financial Markets, 10(4), 61–68. Ionescu, Luminita. (2016a). E-Government and Social Media as Effective Tools in Controlling Corruption in Public Administration. Economics, Management and Financial Markets, 11(1), 66–72. Ionescu, Luminita. (2016b). Political and Economic Determinants of Public Corruption in the United States. Economics, Management and Financial Markets, 11(2), 87–93. Iossa, E., & Martimort, D. (2011). Post-tender corruption and risk allocation: Implications for public-private partnerships (CEIS Research Paper 195). Tor Vargata University. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1846507 Iossa, E., & Martimort, D. (2016). Corruption in PPPs, Incentives and Contract Incompleteness. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 44(Journal Article), 85–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2015.10.007

190

Iqbal, M. S., & Seo, J.-W. (2008). E-Governance as an anti-corruption tool: Korean Cases. Journal of Korean. http://www.karis21.or.kr/karis21admin/adaction/down/03Iqbal_Seo.pdf Isaksson, A.-S. (2015). Corruption Along Ethnic Lines: A Study of Individual Corruption Experiences in 17 African Countries. Journal of Development Studies, 51(1), 80–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2014.947282 Islam, A., & Lee, W.-S. (2016). Bureaucratic Corruption and Income: Evidence from the Land Sector in Bangladesh. The Journal of Development Studies, 52(10), 1499–1516. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2016.1146702 Islam, M. (2014). Bribery and corruption in Australian local councils. Public Money & Management, 34(6), 441. Islam, M. A., Dissanayake, T., Dellaportas, S., & Haque, S. (2016). Anti-bribery disclosures: A response to networked governance. Accounting Forum, Journal Article. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accfor.2016.03.002 Islam, R., & Montenegro, C. E. (2002). What determines the quality of institutions? (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 2764). http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=634477 Ismail, A., & Rashid, K. (2014). Time series analysis of the nexus among corruption, political instability and judicial inefficiency in Pakistan. Quality & Quantity, 48(5), 2757–2771. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-013-9922-5 Isra, S., Yuliandri, F., Amsari, H., & Tegnan, H. (2017). Obstruction of justice in the effort to eradicate corruption in Indonesia. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2017.07.001 Ivlevs, A., & Hinks, T. (2015). Global Economic Crisis and Corruption. Public Choice, 162(3–4), 447. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-014-0213-z Jackson, G., Brammer, S., Karpoff, J. M., Lange, D., Zavyalova, A., Harrington, B., Partnoy, F., King, B. G., & Deephouse, D. L. (2014). Grey areas: Irresponsible corporations and reputational dynamics. SOCIO-ECONOMIC REVIEW, 12(1), 153–218. https://doi.org/10.1093/ser/mwt021 Jackson, J., Asif, M., Bradford, B., & Zakria Zakar, M. (2014). Corruption and Police Legitimacy in Lahore, Pakistan. British Journal of Criminology, 54(6), 1067–1088. Jacobsson, K. (2012). Accounts of Honesty: Refuting Allegations of Bribery. Deviant Behavior, 33(2), 108–125. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2010.548294 Jafari Samimi, A., & Monfared, M. (2011). Corruption and FDI in OIC Countries. Information 191

Management & Business Review, 2(3), 106–111. Jagger, P., & Shively, G. (2015). Taxes and Bribes in Uganda. Journal of Development Studies, 51(1), 66–79. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2014.947278 Jahedi, S., & Méndez, F. (2014). On the advantages and disadvantages of subjective measures. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 98, 97–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2013.12.016 Jain, R. (2020). Bribery and firm performance in India: A political economy perspective. Journal of Asian Economics, 68, 101181-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2020.101181 Jalil, A., Qureshi, A., & Feridun, M. (2016). Is corruption good or bad for FDI? Empirical evidence from Asia, Africa and Latin America. Panoeconomicus, 63(3), 259–271. https://doi.org/10.2298/PAN1603259J Jancsics, D. (2015a). “A friend gave me a phone number”—Brokerage in low-level corruption. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 43(1), 68. Jancsics, D. (2015b). Imperatives in informal organizational resource exchange in Central Europe. Journal of Eurasian Studies, 6(1), 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euras.2014.10.001 Janenova, S., & Kim, P. S. (2016). Innovating Public Service Delivery in Transitional Countries: The Case of One Stop Shops in Kazakhstan. International Journal of Public Administration, Journal Article, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2015.1064445 Jang, H., Lee, J., & Gibbs, J. C. (2015). The influence of the national government on confidence in the police: A focus on corruption. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, Journal Article. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2015.01.003 Jauregui, B. (2014). Provisional agency in India: Jugaad and legitimation of corruption. American Ethnologist, 41(1), 76–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/amet.12061 Javor, I., & Jancsics, D. (2016). The Role of Power in Organizational Corruption: An Empirical Study. Administration & Society, 48(5), 527–558. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399713514845 Jensen, P. S., & Justesen, M. K. (2014). Poverty and vote buying: Survey-based evidence from Africa. ELECTORAL STUDIES, 33(Journal Article), 220–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2013.07.020 Jha, R. R. (2018). India’s Anti-corruption Authorities: Lokpal and Lokayukta. Indian Journal of Public Administration, 64(3), 502–517. https://doi.org/10.1177/0019556118788480 Jiang, G., Lo, T. W., & Li, C. (2013). Youths’ Views on Corruption Control in China: Politics

192

and Social Censure. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 57(12), 1498–1521. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X12457351 Jiang, T., & Nie, H. (2014). The stained China miracle: Corruption, regulation, and firm performance. Economics Letters, 123(3), 366–369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2014.03.026 Jimenez, A., & Bayraktar, S. (2020). Political risk in private participation projects: The effects of political discretionality and corruption. Thunderbird International Business Review, 62(2), 149–160. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.22120 Jiménez, F., García-quesada, M., & Villoria, M. (2014). Integrity Systems, Values, and Expectations: Explaining Differences in the Extent of Corruption in Three Spanish Local Governments. International Journal of Public Administration, 37(2), 67–82. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2013.836666 Jing-Schmidt, Z., & Peng, X. (2017). Winds and tigers: Metaphor choice in China’s anti-corruption discourse. Lingua Sinica, 3(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40655-016-0017-9 Jintao Lu, Licheng Ren, Jiayuan Qiao, Siqin Yao, Wadim Strielkowski, & Justas Streimikis. (2019). Corporate Social Responsibility and Corruption: Implications for the Sustainable Energy Sector. Sustainability, 11(15), 4128. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11154128 Johnson, J. (2015). Corruption—New Strategies. In B. Rider (Ed.), Research Handbook on International Financial Crime. Edward Elgar Publishing. http://www.elgaronline.com/view/9781783475780.xml Johnson, N., Ruger, W., Sorens, J., & Yamarik, S. (2014). Corruption, regulation, and growth: An empirical study of the United States. Economics of Governance, 15(1), 51–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-013-0132-3 Johnson, S., McMillan, J., & Woodruff, C. (2002). Property Rights and Finance. American Economic Review, 92(5), 1335–1356. https://doi.org/10.1257/000282802762024539 Johnston, M. (2015). Making transparency real? Accounting and popular participation in corruption control. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 28(Journal Article), 97–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2015.01.009 Jonck, P., & Swanepoel, E. (2016). The influence of corruption: A South African case. Policing, 39(1), 159–174. Jones, D. S. (2016). Combatting corruption in Brunei Darussalam. Asian Education and Development Studies, 5(2), 141–158. Jordan, J. (2016). World Tours and the Summer Olympics: Recent Pitfalls Under the Foreign 193

Corrupt Practices Act in the Areas of Gifts, Entertainment, and Travel. Fordham Journal of Corporate & Financial Law, 21(2), 295–326. Joulfaian, D. (2009). Bribes and Business Tax Evasion. European Journal of Comparative Economics, 6(2), 227–244. Jourdain, E., Cerino, E., Delamare, Z., Delestrade, A., Françoise, M., Lafaille, I., Mahé, H., & de Traversay, L. P. S. (2020). Tackling corruption in global health. The Lancet (British Edition), 396(10245), 162–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30312-3 Judd, S. (2003). Introduction. In Membranes for Industrial Wastewater Recovery and Re-use (pp. 1–12). Elsevier. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9781856173896500023 Juwita, R. (2018). Good Governance and Anti-Corruption: Responsibility to Protect Universal Health Care in Indonesia. Hasanuddin Law Review, 4(2), 162–180. https://doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v4i2.1424 Kaikati, J. G., Sullivan, G. M., Virgo, J. M., Carr, T. R., & Virgo, K. S. (2000). The Price of International Business Morality: Twenty Years Under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Journal of Business Ethics, 26(3), 213–222. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006015110422 Kalchheim, C. (2004). White Corruption in Israel. In R. A. Johnson (Ed.), The Struggle Against Corruption: A Comparative Study (pp. 53–80). Palgrave Macmillan US. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403981004_3 Kalinowski, T. (2016). Trends and mechanisms of corruption in South Korea. The Pacific Review, Journal Article, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/09512748.2016.1145724 Kammel, K. P. (2020). Examining Trademark Counterfeiting Legislation, Free Trade Zones, Corruption and Culture in the Context of Illicit Trade: The United States and United Arab Emirates. Michigan State International Law Review, 28(2), 235. Kandogan, Y., & Johnson, S. D. (2016). Role of economic and political freedom in the emergence of global middle class. International Business Review, 25(3), 711–725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2015.02.005 Kane, R. J., & White, M. D. (2009). Bad cops. Criminology & Public Policy, 8(4), 737–769. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2009.00591.x Kanol, D. (2015). Pluralism, corporatism and perception of corruption. 15(3), 243. Karalashvili, N., Kraay, A., & Murrell, P. (2018). Doing the Survey Two-Step: The Effects of Reticence on Estimates of Corruption in Two-Stage Survey Questions. In Institutions, Governance and the Control of Corruption (pp. 335–387). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65684-7_11

194

Karmann, T., Mauer, R., Flatten, T., & Brettel, M. (2016). Entrepreneurial Orientation and Corruption. Journal of Business Ethics, 133(2), 223–234. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2305-6 Kartal, M. (2014). Accounting for the bad apples: The EU’s impact on national corruption before and after accession. Journal of European Public Policy, 21(6), 941–959. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2014.910820 Kato, A., & Sato, T. (2014). The effect of corruption on the manufacturing sector in India. Economics of Governance, 15(2), 155–178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-014-0140-y Kato, A., & Sato, T. (2015). Greasing the wheels? The effect of corruption in regulated manufacturing sectors of India. Canadian Journal of Development Studies / Revue Canadienne d’études Du Développement, Journal Article, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2015.1026312 Katou, A. A. (2014). The relationship between corrupt practices and organisational performance: An empirical investigation. Int.J.of Business Governance and Ethics, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBGE.2013.059162 Kauder, B., & Potrafke, N. (2015). Just hire your spouse! Evidence from a political scandal in Bavaria. European Journal of Political Economy, 38(Journal Article), 42–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2014.12.007 Kaufmann, D. (1997). Corruption: The facts. Foreign Policy, 107, 114–131. Kaufmann, Daniel. (1999). Anticorruption Strategies: Starting Afresh? Unconventional Lessons from Comparative Analysis. In R. Stapenhurst & S. J. Kpundeh, Curbing corruption: Toward a model for building national integrity (pp. 35–50). World Bank. Kaufmann, Daniel, Kraay, A., & Mastruzzi, M. (2007a). Growth and Governance: A Reply. The Journal of Politics, 69(2), 555–562. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00550.x Kaufmann, Daniel, Kraay, A., & Mastruzzi, M. (2007b). The worldwide governance indicators project: Answering the critics (No. WPS4149; pp. 1–34). The World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/03/7411664/worldwide-governance-indi cators-project-answering-critics Kaufmann, Daniel, & Vicente, P. C. (2011). Legal Corruption. Economics & Politics, 23(2), 195–219. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0343.2010.00377.x Kawata, Junʼichi. (2006). Mafia, Corrupted Violence and Incivism. In Comparing political corruption and clientelism (pp. 133–156). Ashgate. Kaymak, T., & Bektas, E. (2015). Corruption in Emerging Markets: A Multidimensional Study. Social Indicators Research, 124(3), 785–805. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-014-0814-4 195

Keefer, P. (2007). Clientelism, Credibility, and the Policy Choices of Young Democracies. American Journal of Political Science, 51(4), 804–821. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00282.x Keefer, P. (2011). Collective action, political parties, and pro-development public policy. Asian Development Review, 28(1), 94–118. Keefer, P., & Khemani. (2005). Democracy, Public Expenditures, and the Poor: Understanding Political Incentives for Providing Public Services. The World Bank Research Observer, 20(1), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lki002 Keefer, P., & Khemani, S. (2011). Mass media and public services: The effects of radio access on public education in Benin (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 5559). The World Bank. http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/abs/10.1596/1813-9450-5559 Keefer, P., & Khemani, S. (2012). Do informed citizens receive more...or pay more ? The impact of radio on the government distribution of public health benefits (No. WPS5952; pp. 1–37). The World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/01/15640759/informed-citizens-receive- moreor-pay-more-impact-radio-government-distribution-public-health-benefits Keefer, P., & Knack, S. (2007). Boondoggles, Rent-Seeking, and Political Checks and Balances: Public Investment under Unaccountable Governments. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 89(3), 566–572. https://doi.org/10.1162/rest.89.3.566 Keefer, P., & Vlaicu, R. (2008). Democracy, Credibility, and Clientelism. Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 24(2), 371–406. https://doi.org/10.1093/jleo/ewm054 Keenan, P. J. (2009). Curse or cure? China, Africa, and the effects of unconditioned wealth. Berkeley Journal of International Law, 27(1), 84–126. Keig, D. L., Brouthers, L. E., & Marshall, V. B. (2015). Formal and Informal Corruption Environments and Multinational Enterprise Social Irresponsibility. The Journal of Management Studies, 52(1), 89. Keiser, R. (2015). Urban Regime Change: A Silver Lining for Scandals. Urban Affairs Review, 51(4), 504–532. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078087414537604 Keliher, M., & Wu, H. (2016). Corruption, Anticorruption, and the Transformation of Political Culture in Contemporary China. The Journal of Asian Studies, 75(1), 5–18. https://doi.org/10.1017/S002191181500203X Kelley, J. G., & Simmons, B. A. (2015). Politics by Number: Indicators as Social Pressure in International Relations: POLITICS BY NUMBER. American Journal of Political Science, 59(1), 55–70. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12119

196

Kelley, T. (2012). Corruption as institution among small businesses in Africa. Florida Journal of International Law, 24(1), 1–54. Kelman, S. (2002). Remaking Federal Procurement. Public Contract Law Journal, 31(4), 581–622. Kelsall, T. (2011). Rethinking the Relationship between Neo-patrimonialism and Economic Development in Africa. IDS Bulletin, 42(2), 76–87. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-5436.2011.00213.x Kempf, R. J. (2015). Crafting accountability policy: Designing offices of inspector general. Policy and Society, 34(2), 137–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polsoc.2015.05.003 Kennedy, D. (1999). The international anti-corruption campaign. Connecticut Journal of International Law, 14(2), 455–465. Kennedy, D. W., & Danielsen, D. (2011). Busting Bribery: Sustaining the Global Momentum of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Open Society Foundations. https://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/15172636 Kennedy, R., & Tiede, L. (2013). Economic Development Assumptions and the Elusive Curse of Oil. International Studies Quarterly, 57(4), 760–771. https://doi.org/10.1111/isqu.12065 Kenny, C. (2009a). Is there an anticorruption agenda in utilities? Utilities Policy, 17(2), 156–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2008.07.004 Kenny, C. (2009b). Measuring Corruption in Infrastructure: Evidence from Transition and Developing Countries. Journal of Development Studies, 45(3), 314–332. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380802265066 Kenny, C., Klein, M. U., & Sztajerowska, M. (2011). A Trio of Perspectives on Corruption: Bias, Speed Money and “Grand Theft Infrastructure” (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 5889). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1965920 Kenny, C., & Musatova, M. (2006). Red Flags of Corruption’ in World Bank Projects: An Analysis of Infrastructure Projects. In International handbook on the economics of corruption. Edward Elgar-c2011. Kenny, C., & Soreide, T. (2008). Grand Corruption In Utilities (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 4805). The World Bank. http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/abs/10.1596/1813-9450-4805 Kenny, P. D. (2015a). Colonial rule, decolonisation, and corruption in India. Commonwealth & Comparative Politics, 53(4), 401–427. https://doi.org/10.1080/14662043.2015.1089002

197

Kenny, P. D. (2015b). The Origins of Patronage Politics: State Building, Centrifugalism, and Decolonization. British Journal of Political Science, 45(1), 141–171. https://doi.org/10.1017/S000712341300015X Kerkhoff, T. (2016). Princely Patronage and Patriot Cause: Corruption and Public Value Dynamics in the Dutch Republic (1770s–1780s). Public Integrity, 18(1), 25–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2015.1093403 Kessing, S. G., Konrad, K., & Kotsogiannis, C. (2007). Foreign direct investment and the dark side of decentralization. Economic Policy, 49, 6–70. Ketan, J. (2007). Use and Abuse of Electoral Development Funds and their Impact on Electoral Politics and Governance in Papua New Guinea (Centre for Democratic Institutions Policy Paper 2007/02). http://archives.cap.anu.edu.au/cdi_anu_edu_au/_research/2007-08/D_P/2007_08_PPS4_ PNG_Ketan/2007_08_PPS4_KETAN.pdf Ketkar, K., Murtuza, A., & Ketkar, S. (2005). Impact of Corruption on Foreign Direct Investment and Tax Revenues. Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting & Financial Management, 17(3), 313–340. Ketterer, T., & Rodríguez-Pose, A. (2015). Local quality of government and voting with one’s feet. The Annals of Regional Science, 55(2), 501–532. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00168-015-0714-9 Khachatryan, E., Kube, S., & Vollan, B. (2015). Mitigating extortive corruption? Experimental evidence. Jahrbücher Für Nationalökonomie Und Statistik, 235(2), 228–241. Khair, A., Haniffa, R., Hudaib, M., & Abd Karim, M. (2015). Personalisation of power, neoliberalism and the production of corruption. Accounting Forum, 39(3), 225. Khakbaz-Poor, N., & Zarandi, S. (2015). The Effect of Electronic Government on the Administrative Corruption of Employees with an Emphasis on Administrative Violations. International Review of Management and Business Research, 4(3), 713–730. Khakee, A., & Weilandt, R. (n.d.). Supporting democratic participation beyond democracy promotion? EU Relations with Moroccan and Tunisian civil society in the areas of trade and anti-corruption. Mediterranean Politics (Frank Cass & Co.), ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/13629395.2021.1883282 Khalil, F., & Lawarrée, J. (2006). Incentives for Corruptible Auditors in the Absence of Commitment. Journal of Industrial Economics, 54(2), 269–291. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6451.2006.00283.x Khalil, F., Lawarrée, J., & Yun, S. (2010). Bribery versus extortion: Allowing the lesser of two

198

evils. RAND Journal of Economics, 41(1), 179–198. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-2171.2009.00095.x Khalil, S., Saffar, W., & Trabelsi, S. (2015). Disclosure Standards, Auditing Infrastructure, and Bribery Mitigation. 132(2), 379. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2321-6 Khan, A., Khwaja, A. I., & Olken, B. A. (2016). Tax Farming Redux: Experimental Evidence on Performance Pay for Tax Collectors. Quarterly Journal of Economics; Q.J.Econ., 131(1), 219–271. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjv042 Khan, F. (2008). Understanding the Spread of Systemic Corruption in the Third World. American Review of Political Economy, 6(2), 16–39. Khan, F. (2016). Combating corruption in Pakistan. Asian Education and Development Studies, 5(2), 195–210. Khan, M. (2006). Determinants of corruption in developing countries: The limits of conventional economic analysis. In International Handbook on the Economics of Corruption (pp. 216–244). Khan, M. M. (2003). Political and Administrative Corruption: Concepts, Comparative Experiences and the Bangladesh Case. Asian Affairs, 25(1), 5–33. Khan, Mushtaq H. (1996a). A Typology of Corrupt Transactions in Developing Countries. IDS Bulletin, 27(2), 12–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-5436.1996.mp27002003.x Khan, Mushtaq H. (1996b). The efficiency implications of corruption. Journal of International Development, 8(5), 683–696. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1328(199609)8:5<683::AID-JID411>3.0.CO;2-4 Khan, Mushtaq H. (1998). Patron—Client Networks and the Economic Effects of Corruption in Asia. The European Journal of Development Research, 10(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.1080/09578819808426700 Khan, Mushtaq H. (2001). The new political economy of corruption. In Development Policy in the Twenty-First Century: Beyond the Washington Consensus. London: Routeledge. Khan, Mushtaq H. (2012). Governance during Social Transformations: Challenges for Africa. New Political Economy, 17(5), 667–675. https://doi.org/10.1080/13563467.2012.732276 Khan, Mustaq H. (2004). Corruption, Governance and Economic Development. In The New Development Economics. Zed Press. Khandekar, A., & Reddy, D. S. (2015). An Indian summer: Corruption, class, and the Lokpal protests. 15(2), 221–247. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540513498614 Khandker, A. (2015). The effect of economic freedom on corruption: The case of South Asian 199

countries. Int.J.of Economics and Business Research, 9(4). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEBR.2015.069674 Khanna, J., & Johnston, M. (2007). India’s middlemen: Connecting by corrupting? Crime, Law and Social Change, 48(3), 151–168. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-007-9086-0 Khemani, M. (2009). The Role of Anti-Corruption Commissions in Changing Cultural Attitudes toward Corruption and the Rule of Law [Working Paper]. Khemani, S. (2006). Local Government Accountability for Health Service Delivery in Nigeria. Journal of African Economies, 15(2), 285ff. Khemani, S. (2007a). Can Information Campaigns Overcome Political Obstacles to Serving the Poor? In The Politics of Service Delivery in Democracies: Better Access for the Poor (pp. 56–69). http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.133.7367&rep=rep1&type=pdf #page=61 Khemani, S. (2007b). Does delegation of fiscal policy to an independent agency make a difference? Evidence from intergovernmental transfers in India. Journal of Development Economics, 82(2), 464–484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2006.04.001 Khemani, S. (2010). Political capture of decentralization: Vote-buying through grants-financed local jurisdictions (No. WPS5350; pp. 1–37). The World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2010/06/12469071/political-capture-decentral ization-vote-buying-through-grants-financed-local-jurisdictions Khemani, S. (2013). Buying votes vs. supplying public services: Political incentives to under-invest in pro-poor policies (No. WPS6339; pp. 1–38). The World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/01/17200957/buying-votes-vs-supplyin g-public-services-political-incentives-under-invest-pro-poor-policies Khera, R. (2011a). India’s Public Distribution System: Utilisation and Impact. Journal of Development Studies, 47(7), 1038–1060. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2010.506917 Khera, R. (2011b). Trends in Diversion of PDS Grain (Working Paper id:3793). eSocialSciences. https://ideas.repec.org/p/ess/wpaper/id3793.html Khojastehpour, M. (2015). How does corporate social responsibility avoid the incidence of corruption in international expansion? European Business Review, 27(3), 334–342. Khruakham, S., & Lee, J. (2013). Cross-Nation Comparison of the Intolerance to Police Misconduct: Findings from a Thai Police Cadet Survey. International Journal of Police Science & Management, 15(3), 237–245. https://doi.org/10.1350/ijps.2013.15.3.314 Khumawala, S., & Ramchand, L. (2005). Country Level Corruption and Frequency of Issue in 200

the U.S. Market. Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting & Financial Management, 17(3), 341–364. Khwaja, A. I. (2009). Can good projects succeed in bad communities? Journal of Public Economics, 93(7), 899–916. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2009.02.010 Khwaja, A. I., & Mian, A. (2005). Do Lenders Favor Politically Connected Firms? Rent Provision in an Emerging Financial Market. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 120(4), 1371–1411. Khwaja, A. I., & Mian, A. (2011). Rent Seeking and Corruption in Financial Markets. 3(1 1), 579–600. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-061109-080310 Killingsworth, J., Hossain, N., Hedrick-Wong, Y., Thomas, S., Rahman, A., & Begum, T. (1999). Unofficial fees in Bangladesh: Price, equity and institutional issues. Health Policy and Planning, 14(2), 152–163. Kim, C.-K. (2007). A Cross-national Analysis of Global E-government. Public Organization Review, 7(4), 317–329. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-007-0040-5 Kim, C.-K. (2014). Anti-Corruption Initiatives and E-Government: A Cross-National Study. Public Organization Review, 14(3), 385–396. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-013-0223-1 Kim, D.-H., & Lin, S.-C. (2017). Natural Resources and Economic Development: New Panel Evidence. Environmental and Resource Economics, 66(2), 363–391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-015-9954-5 Kim, H. J., & Sharman, J. C. (2014). Accounts and accountability: Corruption, human rights, and individual accountability norms. International Organization, 68(2), 417. Kim, J. B. (1999). Korean implementation of the OECD bribery convention: Implications for global efforts to fight corruption. UCLA Pacific Basin Law Journal, 17(2 3), 245–275. Kim, J., & Kim, J. B. (1997). Cultural Differences in the Crusade Against International Bribery: Rice-Cake Expenses in Korea and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Pacific Rim Law & Policy Journal, 6, 549–755. Kim, P. S. (2007). Building National Integrity Through Corruption Eradication in South Korea. International Public Management Review, 8(2), 138–163. Kim, S. B. (2016). Dangling the Carrot, Sharpening the Stick: How an Amnesty Program and Qui Tam Actions Could Strengthen Korea’s Anti-Corruption Efforts. Northwestern Journal Of International Law & Business, 36(1), 235–266. Kim, S., Kim, H. J., & Lee, H. (2009). An institutional analysis of an e-government system for anti-corruption: The case of OPEN. Government Information Quarterly, 26(1), 42–50.

201

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2008.09.002 Kim, T. (2003). Comparative Study of Anti-Corruption Systems, Efforts and Strategies in Asian Countries: Focusing on Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia, and Korea. In J. Kidd & F.-J. Richter, Fighting Corruption in Asia (pp. 349–375). WORLD SCIENTIFIC. http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/9789812795397_0014 Kim, Y. J., & Kim, E. S. (2016). Exploring the interrelationship between public service motivation and corruption theories. Evidence - Based HRM, 4(2), 181–186. Kimbro, M. B. (2002). A cross-country empirical investigation of corruption and its relationship to economic, cultural, and monitoring institutions: An examination of the role of accounting and financial statements quality. Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance, 17(4), 325–349. Kimchoeun, P., Vuthy, H., Netra, E., Sovatha, A., Sedara, K., Knowles, J., & Craig, D. (2007). Accountability and Neo-Patrimonialism in Cambodia: A Critical Literature Review. Cambodia Development Resource Institute. http://lbj.utexas.edu/sites/default/files/file/WP34e.pdf Kimura, K. (2001). Partnerships Between the Public and Private Sectors to Fight Corruption Linked to Organized Crime. In K. ADB-OECD Conference on Combatting Corruption in the Asia-Pacific Region : Seoul (Ed.), Progress in the fight against corruption in Asia and the Pacific: Papers presented at the joint ABD-OECD Conference on Combatting Corruption in the Asia-Pacific Region, Seoul, Korea, 11-13 December 2000. Asian Development Bank. Kimya, F. (2018). Political economy of corruption in Turkey: Declining petty corruption, rise of cronyism? Turkish Studies, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/14683849.2018.1531352 Kindra, G. (1998). Social Marketing strategies to fight corruption (World Bank Institute Working Paper 18874; pp. 75–86). Kingdon, G., & Muzammil, M. (2009). A Political Economy of Education in India: The Case of Uttar Pradesh. Oxford Development Studies, 37(2), 123–144. https://doi.org/10.1080/13600810902874626 Kingston, C. (2005). Social Capital and Corruption: Theory, and Evidence from India [Working Paper]. https://www3.amherst.edu/~cgkingston/India.pdf Kingston, C. (2007). Parochial corruption. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 63(1), 73–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2005.05.008 Kingston, C. (2008). Social structure and cultures of corruption. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 67(1), 90–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2007.06.001

202

Kinley, D. (2014). A New Human Right to Freedom from Corruption (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2393205). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2393205 Kinnear, J. (1995). The ethics of international business: Foreign policy and economic sanctions. Vital Speeches of the Day, 61(18), 561. Kiselev, E. (2012). Bribe-Taking and Bureaucratic Competition: A Search Cost Model of Corruption. Working paper [Working Paper]. http://people.brandeis.edu/~ekiselev/Bribe%20Taking%20and%20Bureaucratic%20Com petition%20Final.pdf Kiselev, E. (2013). Lobbying, Corruption, and Regulatory Constraints: An Analysis of Eastern European Business Associations [MPRA Paper]. University Library of Munich, Germany. http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/pramprapa/51936.htm Kishore, A., & Chakrabarti, S. (2015). Is more inclusive more effective? The “New Style” public distribution system in India. Food Policy, 55(Journal Article), 117. Kis-Katos, K., & Schulze, G. (2013). Corruption in Southeast Asia: A survey of recent research. Asian-Pacific Economic Literature, 27(1), 79–109. https://doi.org/10.1111/apel.12004 Kisubi, M. (1999). Involving Civil Society in the Fight Against Corruption. In Curbing corruption: Toward a model for building national integrity (pp. 117–125). World Bank. Kjaer, A. (2004). Old brooms can sweep too! An overview of rulers and public sector reforms in Uganda, Tanzania and Kenya. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 42(3), 389–413. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X04000242 Kjærvik, J. (2013). Corruption and the Duration of Political Regimes, 1984-2008 [Working Paper]. University of Oslo. http://oatd.org/oatd/record?record=oai%5C%3Awww.duo.uio.no%5C%3A10852%5C%2 F36963 Kjellberg, F. (1992). Corruption as an analytical problem: Some notes on research in public corruption. Indian Journal of Administrative Science, 3(1–2), 195–221. Kjellberg, F. (1994). Conflict of interest, corruption or (simply) scandals? Crime, Law and Social Change, 22(4), 339–360. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01302924 Klasnja, M. (2011). Why Do Malfeasant Politicians Maintain Political Support? Testing the “Uninformed Voter” Argument (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 1901683). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1901683 Klašnja, M., & Tucker, J. A. (2013). The economy, corruption, and the vote: Evidence from experiments in Sweden and Moldova. Electoral Studies, 32(3), 536–543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2013.05.007 203

Klasnja, M., Tucker, J. A., & Deegan-Krause, K. (2016). Pocketbook vs. Sociotropic Corruption Voting. British Journal of Political Science, 46(1), 67–94. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123414000088 Klaw, B. (2012). A New Strategy For Preventing Bribery And Extortion In International Business Transactions. Harvard Journal on Legislation, 49(2), 303–371. Klein, C. B. (1999). What exactly is an unlawful gratuity after United States v. Sun-Diamond Growers? George Washington Law Review, 68(1), 116–133. Kleinberg, J. (2014). The Dynamics of Corruptogenic Organizations. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 64(4), 420–443. https://doi.org/10.1521/ijgp.2014.64.4.420 Kleiner, T.-M. (2016). Why We Trust Other Nations: The Role of Cultural Values and Corruption in Generating Transnational Trust. Comparative Sociology, 15(1), 85. Kleven, H. J., Knudsen, M. B., Kreiner, C. T., Pedersen, S., & Saez, E. (2010). Unwilling or Unable to Cheat? Evidence from a Randomized Tax Audit Experiment in Denmark (Working Paper No. 15769). National Bureau of Economic Research. http://www.nber.org/papers/w15769 Klich, A. (1996). Bribery in economies in transition: The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Stanford Journal of International Law, 32(1), 121–147. Klitgaard, R. (1997). Cleaning up and invigorating the civil service. Public Administration and Development, 17(5), 487–509. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-162X(199712)17:5<487::AID-PAD981>3.0.CO;2-1 Klitgaard, R. (2006). Subverting Corruption. Global Crime, 7(3–4), 299–307. https://doi.org/10.1080/17440570601063724 Klitgaard, R. (2011). Fighting corruption. CESifo DICE Report : Journal for Institutional Comparisons ; the International Platform of Ludwig-Maximilians University’s Center for Economic Studies and the Ifo Institute for Economic Research, 9(2), 31–35. Klitgaard, R. E. (1991). Controlling corruption. University of California Press. Klitgaard, R. E. (2000). Corrupt cities: A practical guide to cure and prevention. ICS Press ; Washington, DC. Klitgaard, R. E., United States. National Commission on the Public Service, & Pardee Rand Graduate School. (2005). Choosing and Using Performance Criteria. In High-performance government: Structure, leadership, incentives. RAND. http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/2005/RAND_MG256.pdf Klochko, M., & Ordeshook, P. (2003). Corruption, Cooperation and Endogenous Time Discount

204

Rates. Public Choice, 115(3), 259–283. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024268211998 Klomp, J., & De Haan, J. (2008). Effects of Governance on Health: A Cross‐National Analysis of 101 Countries. Kyklos, 61(4), 599–614. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.2008.00415.x Klugman, J. (1986). The psychology of Soviet corruption, indiscipline and resistance to reform. Political Psychology, 7(1), 67–82. Knack, S. (2001). Aid dependence and the quality of governance: Cross-country empirical tests. Southern Economic Journal, 68(2), 310–329. Knack, S. (2004). Does Foreign Aid Promote Democracy? International Studies Quarterly, 48(1), 251–266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0020-8833.2004.00299.x Knack, S. (2007). Measuring Corruption: A Critique of Indicators in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Journal of Public Policy, 27(3), 255–291. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0143814X07000748 Knack, S., & Azfar, O. (2003). Trade intensity, country size and corruption. Economics of Governance, 4(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s101010200051 Knack, S., & Rahman, A. (2007). Donor fragmentation and bureaucratic quality in aid recipients. Journal of Development Economics, 83(1), 176–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2006.02.002 Kneen, P. (2000). Political corruption in Russia and the Soviet Legacy. Crime, Law and Social Change, 34(4), 349–367. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026510706947 Knights, M. (2018). Explaining Away Corruption in Pre-Modern Britain. Social Philosophy and Policy, 35(2), 94–117. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0265052519000141 Knoll, M., & Zloczysti, P. (2012). The Good Governance Indicators of the Millennium Challenge Account: How Many Dimensions are Really Being Measured? World Development, 40(5), 900–915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.11.010 Knox, C. (2009). Dealing with sectoral corruption in Bangladesh: Developing citizen involvement. Public Administration and Development, 29(2), 117–132. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.523 Ko, K., & Samajdar, A. (2010). Evaluation of international corruption indexes: Should we believe them or not? The Social Science Journal, 47(3), 508–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2010.03.001 Ko, K., & Weng, C. (2011). Critical Review of Conceptual Definitions of Chinese Corruption: A formal–legal perspective. Journal of Contemporary China, 20(70), 359–378.

205

https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2011.565170 Ko, K., & Weng, C. (2012). Structural Changes in Chinese Corruption. 211, 718–740. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741012000793 Kobayashi, M. (2006). Political Clientalism and Corruption: Neo-Structuralism and Republicanism. In Comparing political corruption and clientelism (pp. 1–22). Ashgate. Köbis, N. C., Van Prooijen, J.-W., Righetti, F., & Van Lange, P. A. M. (2016). Prospection in Individual and Interpersonal Corruption Dilemmas. Review of General Psychology, 20(1), 71–85. https://doi.org/10.1037/gpr0000069 Köbis, N., Prooijen, J.-W., Righetti, F., & Lange, A. (2015). “Who Doesn’t?”—The Impact of Descriptive Norms on Corruption. PLoS One, 10(6). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131830 Kobonbaev, M., & Eicher, S. (2009a). Exploring Corruption in the Petroleum Sector. In Corruption in international business: The challenge of cultural and legal diversity (pp. 99–112). Gower. Kobonbaev, M., & Eicher, S. (2009b). Quantifying the Immeasureable. In Corruption in international business: The challenge of cultural and legal diversity (pp. 61–80). Gower. Kobonbaev, M., Eicher, S., & Jacobsen, D. (2009). Critiquing the Indicators of Corruption and Governance. In Corruption in international business: The challenge of cultural and legal diversity (pp. 81–90). Gower. Kochan, N. (2011). Corruption: The new corporate challenge. Palgrave Macmillan. Kock, N., & Gaskins, L. (2014). The Mediating Role of Voice and Accountability in the Relationship Between Internet Diffusion and Government Corruption in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa. Information Technology for Development, 20(1), 23–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2013.832129 Kodila Tedika, O. (2012). Empirical Survey on the Causes of the Corruption [MPRA Paper]. University Library of Munich, Germany. http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/pramprapa/41484.htm Kodila-Tedika, O. (2012). Marriage and Corruption: An empirical analysis on european data (MPRA Paper No. 40311). University Library of Munich, Germany. https://ideas.repec.org/p/pra/mprapa/40311.html Kodila-Tedika, O., Kanyama, I., & Azia-Dimbu, F. (2013). Alcohol and Corruption. Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics, 4(2(8)), 149–152. Koechlin, L. (2013). Corruption as an empty signifier: Politics and political order in Africa.

206

Brill. Koehler, M. (2012). Revisiting a Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Compliance Defense. Wisconsin Law Review, 2, 609–659. Koehler, Mike. (2007). The unique FCPA compliance challenges of doing business in China. Wisconsin International Law Journal, 25(3), 397–438. Koehler, Mike. (2010a). The facade of FCPA enforcement. Georgetown Journal of International Law, 41(4), 907. Koehler, Mike. (2010b). The FCPA, foreign agents, and lessons from the Halliburton enforcement action. Ohio Northern University Law Review, 36(2), 457–479. Koehler, Mike. (2010c). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act in the ultimate year of its decade of resurgence. Indiana Law Review, 43(2), 389–421. Koehler, Mike. (2011). Big, bold, and bizarre: The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act enters a new era. The University of Toledo Law Review, 43(1), 99–149. Koehler, Mike. (2012a). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act under the microscope. University of Pennsylvania Journal of Business Law, 15(1), 1–63. Koehler, Mike. (2012b). The story of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Ohio State Law Journal, 73(5), 929–1013. Koehler, Mike. (2013). An examination of Foreign Corrupt Practices Act issues. Richmond Journal of Global Law and Business, 12(3), 317–391. Koehler, Mike. (2016). A Snapshot of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Santa Clara Journal of International Law, 14(1), 143. Koehler, Mike1. (2015). The Uncomfortable Truths and Double Standards of Bribery Enforcement. Fordham Law Review, 84(2), 525–561. Koessler, Frédéric, & Lambert-Mogiliansky, A. (2013). Committing to transparency to resist corruption. Journal of Development Economics, 100(1), 117–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2012.08.006 Koessler, Frederic, & Lambert-Mogiliansky, A. (2014). Extortion and Political-Risk Insurance. Journal of Public Economics, 120(Journal Article), 144–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2014.09.006 Kofele-Kale, N. (1995). Patrimonicide: The international economic crime of indigenous spoliation. Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 28(1), 45–118. Kofele-Kale, N. (2000). The Right to a Corruption-Free Society as an Individual and Collective

207

Human Right: Elevating Official Corruption to a Crime under International Law. The International Lawyer, 34(1), 149–178. Kofele-Kale, N. (2006a). Change or the illusion of change: The war against official corruption in Africa. The George Washington International Law Review, 38(4), 697–747. Kofele-Kale, N. (2006b). Presumed Guilty: Balancing Competing Rights and Interests in Combating Economic Crimes. The International Lawyer, 40(4), 909–944. Koichumanov, T. (2009). Changing the Rules: How the Transition Economy of Kyrgyzstan Is Reforming Public Corruption. In Corruption in international business: The challenge of cultural and legal diversity (pp. 129–142). Gower. Kolenda, H. (1990). One party, two systems: Corruption in the People’s Republic of China and attempts to control it. Journal of Chinese Law, 4, 187–232. Kolomak, E. (n.d.). The Sub-Federal Adminsitrative Regulation in Russia. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences, 3(4), 197–218. Kolstad, I. (2009). The resource curse: Which institutions matter? Applied Economics Letters, 16(4), 439–442. https://doi.org/10.1080/17446540802167339 Kolstad, I., & Fjeldstad, O.-H. (n.d.). Fiscal Decentralisation and Corruption—A Brief Overview of the Issues. Retrieved July 12, 2016, from http://www.u4.no/publications/fiscal-decentralisation-and-corruption-a-brief-overview-of -the-issues/ Kolstad, I., & Søreide, T. (2009). Corruption in natural resource management: Implications for policy makers. Resources Policy, 34(4), 214–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2009.05.001 Kolstad, I., & Wiig, A. (2009). Is Transparency the Key to Reducing Corruption in Resource-Rich Countries? World Development, 37(3), 521–532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.07.002 Komalasari, K., & Saripudin, D. (2015). Integration of Anti- Corruption Education in School’s Activities. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 12(6), 445–451. Kong, D. T. (2014). An economic-genetic theory of corporate corruption across cultures: An interactive effect of wealth and the 5HTTLPR-SS/SL frequency on corporate corruption mediated by cultural endorsement of self-protective leadership. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES, 63(Journal, Electronic), 106–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.01.061 Kong, Dejun, & Volkema, R. (2016). Cultural Endorsement of Broad Leadership Prototypes and Wealth as Predictors of Corruption. Social Indicators Research; An International and 208

Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, 127(1), 139–152. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-015-0959-9 Kong, Dongmin, Xiang, J., Zhang, J., & Lu, Y. (2019). Politically connected independent directors and corporate fraud in China. Accounting and Finance, 58(5), 1347–1383. https://doi.org/10.1111/acfi.12449 Konrad, K. A., & Skaperdas, S. (1997). Credible threats in extortion. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 33(1), 23–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2681(97)00019-X Konrad, K. I., & Skaperdas, S. (1998). Extortion. Economica, 65(260), 461–477. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0335.00141 Konstantinidis, I., & Xezonakis, G. (2013). Sources of tolerance towards corrupted politicians in Greece: The role of trade offs and individual benefits. Crime Law And Social Change, 60(5), 549–563. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-013-9478-2 Konstantinidou, E. (2015). Examination of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative: A Case Study of Azerbaijan. Oil, Gas & Energy Quarterly, 64(2), 307. Kopecký, P., & Spirova, M. (2011). ‘Jobs for the Boys’? Patterns of Party Patronage in Post-Communist Europe. West European Politics, 34(5), 897–921. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2011.591072 Koryś, P., & Tymniński, M. (2016). The unwanted legacy. In search of historical roots of corruption in Poland. Sociologija, 58(2), 203–219. https://doi.org/10.2298/SOC1602203K Kosack, S., & Fung, A. (2014). Does Transparency Improve Governance? Annual Review of Political Science, 17(1), 65–87. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-032210-144356 Kosack, S., & Tobin, J. (2006). Funding Self-Sustaining Development: The Role of Aid, FDI and Government in Economic Success. International Organization, 60(1), 205–243. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818306060097 Kosals, L., & Maksimova, A. (2015). Informality, crime and corruption in Russia: A review of recent literature. Theoretical Criminology, 19(2), 278–288. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362480615581099 Kossow, N., & Kukutschka, R. (2017). Civil society and online connectivity: Controlling corruption on the net? Crime, Law and Social Change, 68(4), 459–476. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9696-0 Kostadinova, T. (2009). Abstain or Rebel: Corruption Perceptions and Voting in East European Elections. Politics & Policy, 37(4), 691–714. 209

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2009.00194.x Kostakis, I. (2017). The impact of shadow economy and/or corruption on private consumption: Further evidence from selected Eurozone economies. Eurasian Economic Review, 7(3), 411–434. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40822-017-0072-2 Kotchegura, A. (2004). Reducing Corruption in Post-Communist Countries. International Public Management Review, 5(1), 138–156. Kotera, G., Okada, K., & Samreth, S. (2012). Government size, democracy, and corruption: An empirical investigation. Economic Modelling, 29(6), 2340–2348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2012.06.022 Kotzian, P. (2014). Good Governance and Norms of Citizenship: An Investigation into the System‐ and Individual‐Level Determinants of Attachment to Civic Norms. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 73(1), 58–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajes.12066 Kouchaki, M., Smith - Crowe, K., Brief, A. P., & Sousa, C. (2013). Seeing Green: Mere Exposure to Money Triggers a Business Decision Frame and Unethical Outcomes. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 121(1), 53–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2012.12.002 Kountouris, Y., & Remoundou, K. (2013). Is there a cultural component in tax morale? Evidence from immigrants in Europe. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 96, 104–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2013.09.010 Koyuncu, C., & Yilmaz, R. (2009). The Impact of Corruption on Deforestation: A Cross-Country Evidence. The Journal of Developing Areas, 42(2), 213–222. Kpundeh, S. (2004). Process interventions versus structural reforms: Institutionalizing anticorruption reforms in Africa. In Building State Capacity in Africa: New Approaches (pp. 257–282). Kpundeh, Sahr J. (2005). The Big Picture: Building a Sustainable Reform Movement Against Corrutpion in Africa. In M. Johnston (Ed.), Civil society and corruption: Mobilizing for reform (pp. 73–94). University Press of America. Kpundeh, Sahr John. (1995). Politics and corruption in Africa: A case study of Sierra Leone. University Press of America. Kpundeh, Sahr John. (1998). Political Will in Fighting Corruption. In I. Hors, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Development Centre, Programme for Accountability and Transparency, & Corruption and Integrity Improvement Initiatives in Developing Countries (Eds.), Corruption & integrity improvement initiatives in developing countries (pp. 91–110). United Nations Development Programme.

210

Krambia-Kapardis, M. (2014). Perception of political corruption as a function of legislation. Journal of Financial Crime, 21(1), 44–55. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-04-2013-0025 Krambia-Kapardis, M. (2019). Disentangling anti-corruption agencies and accounting for their ineffectiveness. Journal of Financial Crime, 26(1), 22–35. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-01-2018-0016 Kramer, J. M. (1998). The politics of corruption. Current History, 97(621), 329. Kramer, R. M., & Messick, D. M. (1996). Ethical Cognition and the Framing of Organizational Dilemmas: Decision Makers as Intuitive Lawyers. In Codes of conduct: Behavioral research into business ethics (pp. 59–85). Russell Sage. Krause, S., & Méndez, F. (2009). Corruption and Elections: An Empirical Study for a Cross-Section of Countries. Economics & Politics, 21(2), 179–200. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0343.2008.00341.x Krawiec, K. D. (2003). Cosmetic compliance and the failure of negotiated governance. Washington University Law Quarterly, 81(2), 487–544. Kreikebaum, H. (2008). Corruption as a moral issue. Social Responsibility Journal, 4(1/2), 82–88. https://doi.org/10.1108/17471110810856857 Kreindler, R. (2011). Legal Consequences of Corruption in International Investment Arbitration: An Old Challenge with New Answers. In Liber amicorum en l’honneur de Serge Lazareff (pp. 383–390). Éditions Pedone. Kress, L. E. (2010). How the Sarbanes-Oxley Act Has Knocked the “SOX” off the DOJ and SEC and Kept the FCPA on Its Feet. Pittsburgh Journal of Technology Law and Policy, 10(0). https://doi.org/10.5195/tlp.2010.54 Krever, T. (2007). Curbing corruption? The efficacy of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. North Carolina Journal of International Law and Commercial Regulation, 33(1), 83–102. Kriendler, R. (2010). Corruption in International Investment Arbitration: Jurisdiction and the Unclean Hands Doctrine. In Between East and West: Essays in honour of Ulf Franke. Juris. Krishnan, C. (2014). Tackling Corruption in Political Party Financing: Lessons from Global Regulatory Practices. Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2433257 Krishnan, C. (2016). Inequality, Corruption and Democracy in Industrial Democracies. Available at SSRN 2776676. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2776676 Krishnan, S., Teo, T. S. H., & Lim, V. K. G. (2013). Examining the relationships among

211

e-government maturity, corruption, economic prosperity and environmental degradation: A cross-country analysis. Information & Management, 50(8), 638–649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2013.07.003 Kristiansen, S., & Pratikno, S. (2006). Decentralising education in Indonesia. International Journal of Educational Development, 26(5), 513–531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2005.12.003 Kristiansen, S., & Ramli, M. (2006). Buying an Income: The Market for Civil Service Positions in Indonesia. Contemporary Southeast Asia: A Journal of International and Strategic Affairs, 28(2), 207–233. Krueger, A. O. (1974). The Political Economy of the Rent-Seeking Society. The American Economic Review, 64(3), 291–303. Kruk, M. E., Mbaruku, G., Rockers, P. C., & Galea, S. (2008). User fee exemptions are not enough: Out‐of‐pocket payments for ‘free’ delivery services in rural Tanzania, Les exonérations de redevances ne sont pas assez: les paiements de poche des services ‘gratuits’ d’accouchement dans les zones rurales de Tanzanie, La exención de tarifas para usuarios no es suficiente: pagos de bolsillo en servicios obstétricos “gratuitos” en Tanzania rural. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 13(12), 1442–1451. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02173.x Kselman, D. (2011). Electoral Institutions and Poltical Corruption: Ballot Structure, Electoral Formula, and Graft. In Political economy of institutions, democracy and voting (pp. 327–371). Springer. Kubbe, I. (2013). Corruption and trust: A model design. Zeitschrift Für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft, 7(1), 117–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12286-013-0159-4 Kubiciel, M. (2009). Core Criminal Law Provisions in the United Nations Convention Against Corruption. International Criminal Law Review, 9(1), 139–155. https://doi.org/10.1163/157181209X398853 Kugler, M., Verdier, T., & Zenou, Y. (2005). Organized crime, corruption and punishment. Journal of Public Economics, 89(9), 1639–1663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2004.05.005 Kukhianidze, A. (2009). Corruption and organized crime in Georgia before and after the ‘Rose Revolution.’ Central Asian Survey, 28(2), 215–234. https://doi.org/10.1080/02634930903043709 Kulkarni, S. A. (2013). Enforcing Anti-Corruption Measures Through International Investment Arbitration. Transnational Dispute Management (TDM), 10(3). https://www.transnational-dispute-management.com/article.asp?key=1957 212

Kulsudjarit, A., Pattaranukrom, P., & Samukkethum, S. (2020). Strengthen the Effectiveness of Environnemental Protection through Community Empowerment for Building Corruption-Free Society. IOP Conference Series. Earth and Environmental Science, 576(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/576/1/012023 Kumar, C. R. (2003). Corruption and human rights: Promoting transparency in governance and the fundamental right to corruption-free service in India. Columbia Journal of Asian Law, 17(1), 31–72. Kumar, C. R. (2005). Corruption, Human Rights, and Development: Sovereignty and State Capacity to Promote Good Governance. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting (American Society of International Law), 99, 416–419. Kumar, C. R. (2008). Corruption, development and good governance: Challenges for promoting access to justice in Asia. Journal of International Law, 16(3), 475–571. Kumar, C. R. (2011). Corruption and human rights in India: Comparative perspectives on transparency and good governance. Oxford University Press. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.GEN_batch:EDZ0000091698 Kumlin, S., & Esaiasson, P. (2012). Scandal Fatigue? Scandal Elections and Satisfaction with Democracy in Western Europe, 1977–2007. British Journal of Political Science, 42(02), 263–282. https://doi.org/10.1017/S000712341100024X Kunawotor, M. E., Bokpin, G. A., & Barnor, C. (2020). Drivers of income inequality in Africa: Does institutional quality matter? African Development Review, 32(4), 718–729. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8268.12473 Kuncoro, A. (2002). The new laws of decentralization and corruption in Indonesia:examination of provincial and district data. European Regional Science Association. https://ideas.repec.org/p/wiw/wiwrsa/ersa02p053.html Kuncoro, A. (2004). Bribery in Indonesia: Some evidence from micro-level data. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 40(3), 329–354. https://doi.org/10.1080/0007491042000231511 Kuncoro, A. (2006). Corruption and Business Uncertainty in Indonesia. ASEAN Economic Bulletin, 23(1), 11–30. Kunicova, J. (2006). Democratic Institutions and Corruption: Incentives and Constraints in Politics. In International handbook on the economics of corruption (pp. 140–160). Edward Elgar-c2011. Kunicova, J. (2013). The Role of the World Bank in Promoting Good Governance and Anti-Corruption Reforms: A View from the Europe and Central Asia Region. In

213

Anti-corruption policy: Can international actors play a constructive role? (pp. 41–54). Carolina Academic Press, 2013. Kupatadze, A. (2011). Similar events, different outcomes: Accounting for diverging corruption patterns in post-revolution Georgia and Ukraine. Caucasus Analytical Digest, 26, 2–4. Kupatadze, A. (2015). Political corruption in Eurasia: Understanding collusion between states, organized crime and business. Theoretical Criminology, 19(2), 198–215. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362480615574404 Kupatadze, A. (2017). Accounting for diverging paths in most similar cases: Corruption in Baltics and Caucasus. Crime, Law and Social Change, 67(2), 187–208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-016-9658-y Kupferman, D. W. (2016). Idyllic No More: Pacific Island Climate, Corruption and Development Dilemmas by Giff Johnson. The Contemporary Pacific, 28(2), 514–516. https://doi.org/10.1353/cp.2016.0040 Kurer, O. (1993). Clientelism, corruption, and the allocation of resources. Public Choice, 77(2), 259–273. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01047869 Kurer, O. (2001). Why Do Voters Support Corrupt Politicians? In The political economy of corruption (pp. 63–86). Routledge. Kurer, O. (2005). Corruption: An Alternative Approach to Its Definition and Measurement. Political Studies, 53(1), 222–239. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2005.00525.x Kuris, G. (2014a). Balancing Responsibilities: Evolution of Lithuania’s Anti-Corruption Agency, 1997-2007. Innovations for Successful Societies, Princeton University. https://successfulsocieties.princeton.edu/publications/balancing-responsibilities-evolution -lithuanias-anti-corruption-agency-1997-2007 Kuris, G. (2014b). Cleaning House: Croatia Mops Up High-Level Corruption, 2005-2012. Innovations for Successful Societies, Princeton University. https://successfulsocieties.princeton.edu/sites/successfulsocieties/files/Policy_Note_ID22 6.pdf Kuris, G. (2014c). From a Rocky Start to Regional Leadership: Mauritius’s Anti-Corruption Agency, 2006-2012. Innovations for Successful Societies, Princeton University. https://successfulsocieties.princeton.edu/publications/rocky-start-regional-leadership-mau ritiuss-anti-corruption-agency-2006-2012 Kuris, G. (2014d). From Underdogs to Watchdogs: How Anti-Corruption Agencies Can Hold Off Potent Adversaries. Innovations for Successful Societies, Princeton University. http://successfulsocieties.princeton.edu/publications/underdogs-watchdogs-how-anti-corr

214

uption-agencies-can-hold-potent-adversaries Kuris, G. (2014e). Holding the High Ground with Public Support: Indonesia’s Anti-Corruption Commission Digs In, 2007-2011. Innovations for Successful Societies, Princeton University. https://successfulsocieties.princeton.edu/publications/holding-high-ground-public-support -indonesias-anti-corruption-commission-digs-2007-2011 Kuris, G. (2014f). “Inviting a Tiger into Your Home”: Indonesia Creates an Anti-Corruption Commission with Teeth, 2002-2007. https://successfulsocieties.princeton.edu/publications/inviting-tiger-your-home-indonesia- creates-anti-corruption-commission-teeth-2002-2007 Kuris, G. (2014g). Managing Corruption Risks: Botswana Builds an Anti-Graft Agency, 1994-2012. Innovations for Successful Societies, Princeton University. https://successfulsocieties.princeton.edu/publications/managing-corruption-risks-botswan a-builds-anti-graft-agency-1994-2012 Kuris, G. (2014h). Surmounting State Capture: Latvia’s Anti-Corruption Agency Spurs Reforms, 2002-2011. Innovations for Successful Societies, Princeton University. https://successfulsocieties.princeton.edu/publications/surmounting-state-capture-latvias-a nti-corruption-agency-spurs-reforms-2002-2011 Kuris, G. (2014i). Toothless but Forceful: Slovenia’s Anti-Corruption Watchdog Exposes Systemic Graft, 2004-2013. Innovations for Successful Societies, Princeton University. https://successfulsocieties.princeton.edu/publications/toothless-forceful-slovenias-anti-co rruption-watchdog-exposes-systemic-graft-2004-2013 Kuris, G. (2015). Watchdogs or guard dogs: Do anti-corruption agencies need strong teeth? Policy and Society, 34(2), 125–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polsoc.2015.04.003 Kurland, A. (1989). The Guarantee Clause as a Basis for Federal Prosecutions of State and Local Officials. Southern California Law Review, 62(2), 367. Kurtoglu Eskisar, G. M., & Komsuoglu, A. (2015). A critical assessment of the transformative power of EU reforms on reducing corruption in the Balkans. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, Journal Article, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/14683857.2015.1015315 Kurtz, M. J., & Schrank, A. (2007a). Growth and Governance: Models, Measures, and Mechanisms. The Journal of Politics, 69(2), 538–554. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00549.x Kurtz, M. J., & Schrank, A. (2007b). Growth and Governance: A Defense. The Journal of Politics, 69(2), 563–569. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00551.x 215

Kurtzman, J., Yago, G., & Phumiwasana, T. (2004). The Global Costs of Opacity. MIT Sloan Management Review, 46(1), 38–44. Kurzban, R. (2010). Why everyone (else) is a hypocrite: Evolution and the modular mind. Princeton University Press. Kutan, A. M., Douglas, T., & Judge, W. (2009). Does Corruption Hurt Economic Development? Evidecne from Middle Eastern and Latin American Countries. In Economic performance in the Middle East and North Africa: Institutions, corruption and reform (pp. 25–37). Routledge ; London. Kutnjak Ivković, S. (2005). Fallen blue knights: Controlling police corruption. Oxford University Press. Kutnjak-Ivkovic, S. (2003). To Serve and Collect: Measuring Police Corruption. The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-), 93(2/3), 593–650. Kuusela, O.-P., Amacher, G. S., & Moeltner, K. (2017). Enforcing the rules in timber concessions: Performance bonding in the presence of corruption risk. Forest Policy and Economics, 85, 52–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2017.08.016 Kuziemko, I., & Werker, E. (2006). How Much Is a Seat on the Security Council Worth? Foreign Aid and Bribery at the United Nations. Journal of Political Economy, 114(5), 905–930. https://doi.org/10.1086/507155 Kuzmina, O., Volchkova, N., & Zueva, T. (2014). Foreign direct investment and governance quality in Russia. Journal of Comparative Economics, 42(4), 874–891. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2014.08.001 Kwok, C. C. Y., & Tadesse, S. (2006). The MNC as an agent of change for host-country institutions: FDI and corruption. Journal of International Business Studies, 37(6), 767. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400228 Kwon, I. (2014). Motivation, Discretion, and Corruption. Journal Of Public Administration Research And Theory, 24(3), 765–794. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mus062 Kyriacou, A. P. (2016). Individualism-collectivism, governance and economic development. European Journal Of Political Economy; Eur.J.Polit.Econ., 42(Journal Article), 91–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2015.11.005 Kyriacou, Andreas P., Muinelo-gallo, L., & Roca-sagalés, O. (2015). Construction corrupts: Empirical evidence from a panel of 42 countries. Public Choice, 165(1–2), 123–145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-015-0297-0 Kyriacou, Andreas P., & Roca-Sagalés, O. (2011). Fiscal decentralization and government quality in the OECD. Economics Letters, 111(3), 191–193. 216

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2011.02.019 La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. (1999). The quality of government. Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 15(1), 222–279. https://doi.org/10.1093/jleo/15.1.222 Lacatus, C., & Sedelmeier, U. (2020). Does monitoring without enforcement make a difference? The European Union and anti-corruption policies in Bulgaria and Romania after accession. Journal of European Public Policy, 27(8), 1236–1255. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2020.1770842 Lacey, K. (n.d.). Expansion of SEC Authority into Internal Corporate Governance: The Accounting Provisions of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (A Twentieth Anniversary Review). Retrieved July 26, 2016, from http://www.heinonline.org.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/jt rnlwp7&id=1&size=2&collection=journals&index=journals/jtrnlwp Ladd, A. (2014). The “Catch-22” of Corporate Cooperation in Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Investigations. Houston Law Review, 51(3), 947. Laffont, J.-J. (1991). The politics of government decision-making: A theory of regulatory capture. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106(4), 1089–1127. Laffont, J.-J., & Martimort, D. (1999). Separation of Regulators against Collusive Behavior. The RAND Journal of Economics, 30(2), 232–262. Laffont, J.-J., & Meleu, M. (2001). Separation of powers and development. Journal of Development Economics, 64(1), 129–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3878(00)00127-9 Laffont, J.-J., & N’Guessan, T. (1999). Competition and corruption in an agency relationship. Journal of Development Economics, 60(2), 271–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3878(99)00056-5 Lagunes, P., & Huang, R. (2015). Saving Gotham: Fighting corruption in New York City’s property tax system. In Susan Rose-Ackerman & P. Lagunes, Greed, Corruption, and the Modern State (pp. 180–205). Edward Elgar Publishing. http://www.elgaronline.com/view/9781784714697.00014.xml Lahiri, S., & Raimondos‐møller, P. (2000). Lobbying by Ethnic Groups and Aid Allocation. Economic Journal, 110(462), 62–79. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0297.00521 Lai, A. (2002). Building Public Confidence in Anti-Corruption Efforts: The Approach of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China. Forum on Crime & Society, 2(1), pp.135-eoa.

217

Lai, Y.-B. (2020). Rent‐seeking, R&D, and productivity. Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 67(4), 404–419. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjpe.12243 Lalountas, D. A., Manolas, G. A., & Vavouras, I. S. (2011). Corruption, globalization and development: How are these three phenomena related? Journal of Policy Modeling, 33(4), 636–648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2011.02.001 Lambert-Mogiliansky, A. (2015). Social accountability to contain corruption. Journal of Development Economics, 116, 158–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2015.04.006 Lambert‐mogiliansky, A., & Sonin, K. (2006). Collusive Market Sharing and Corruption in Procurement. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 15(4), 883–908. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-9134.2006.00121.x Lambert-Mogiliansky, Ariane. (2002). Why firms pay occasional bribes: The connection economy. European Journal of Political Economy, 18(1), 47–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0176-2680(01)00068-4 Lambert-Mogiliansky, Ariane. (2006). Corruption and Collusion: Strategic Complements in Procurement. In International handbook on the economics of corruption (Vol. 1–#2, pp. 108–140). Edward Elgar-c2011. Lambert-Mogiliansky, Ariane, Majudar, M., & Radner, R. (2008). Petty Corruption: A Game-Theoretic Approach. IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc. Lambert-Mogiliansky, Ariane, Majumdar, M., & Radner, R. (2007). Strategic analysis of petty corruption: Entrepreneurs and bureaucrats. Journal of Development Economics, 83(2), 351–367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2006.06.002 Lambert-Mogiliansky, Ariane, Majumdar, M., & Radner, R. (2009). Strategic analysis of petty corruption with an intermediary. Review of Economic Design, 13(1), 45–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10058-008-0068-1 Lambropoulou, E. (2012). Corruption Discourse as a Wild Card: Politics and Media in Greece and the ‘Modern’ Triumphalism of Anti-Corruption. In The social construction of corruption in Europe (pp. 265–296). Ashgate Pub. Lambsdorf, J. G., Uslaner, E. M., Taube, M., & Schramm, M. (2004). Corruption and the New Institutional Economics. Routledge London. Lambsdorff, D. J. G. (2002). How confidence facilitates illegal transactions: An empirical approach. The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 61(4), 829. Lambsdorff, J. (2002). Corruption and Rent-Seeking. Public Choice, 113(1), 97–125. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020320327526

218

Lambsdorff, J. (2003). How corruption affects persistent capital flows. Economics of Governance, 4(3), 229–243. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-002-0060-0 Lambsdorff, J. (2007). The institutional economics of corruption and reform: Theory, evidence, and policy. Cambridge University Press. Lambsdorff, J. (2011). Economic approaches to anticorruption. CESifo DICE Report : Journal for Institutional Comparisons ; the International Platform of Ludwig-Maximilians University’s Center for Economic Studies and the Ifo Institute for Economic Research, 9(2), 25–30. Lambsdorff, J., & Nell, M. (2007). Fighting corruption with asymmetric penalties and leniency. University of Goettingen, Department of Economics. https://ideas.repec.org/p/zbw/cegedp/59.html Lambsdorff, J., Taube, M., & Schramm, M. (2005). The new institutional economics of corruption. Routledge. Lambsdorff, Johan Graf. (n.d.). How Precise Are Perceived Levels of Corruption? Transparency International. http://www.icgg.org/downloads/2001_CPI_Precision.pdf Lambsdorff, Johan Graf. (2012). Behavioral and Experimental Economics as a Guide to Anticorruption. In New advances in experimental research on corruption (Vol. 1–#15). Emerald. Lambsdorff, Johan Graf, & Fink, H. (2006). Combating corruption in Colombia: Perceptions and achievements. University of Passau, Faculty of Business and Economics. https://ideas.repec.org/p/zbw/upadvr/v4406.html Lambsdorff, Johan Graf, & Nell, M. (2006). Corruption: Where We State and Where To Go. In The corruption monster: Ethik, Politik und Korruption (pp. 229–246). Czernin. Lambsdorff, Johann Graf. (1998). An Empirical Investigation of Bribery in International Trade. The European Journal of Development Research, 10(1), 40. https://doi.org/10.1080/09578819808426701 Lambsdorff, Johann Graf. (2002a). Making corrupt deals: Contracting in the shadow of the law. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 48(3), 221–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2681(01)00217-7 Lambsdorff, Johann Graf. (2002b). What Nurtures Corrupt Deals? On the Role of Confidence and Transaction Costs. In Corrupt exchanges: Empirical themes in the politics and political economy of corruption (1. Aufl., pp. 20–36). Nomos. Lambsdorff, Johann Graf. (2003). How Corruption Affects Productivity. Kyklos, 56(4), 457–474. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0023-5962.2003.00233.x 219

Lambsdorff, Johann Graf. (2006a). Causes and Consequences of Corruption—What Do We Know from a Cross-Section of Countries? In International handbook on the economics of corruption (pp. 3–51). Edward Elgar-c2011. Lambsdorff, Johann Graf. (2006b). Measuring Corruption – The Validity and Precision of Subjective Indicators (CPI). In Measuring corruption (pp. 81–99). Ashgate. Lambsdorff, Johann Graf. (2009). The Organization of Anti-Corruption: Getting Incentives Right. In Corruption, global security, and world order (pp. 389–415). World Peace Foundation. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.PMUSE_batch:PMUSE342320151124 Lambsdorff, Johann Graf. (2010a). Deterrence and constrained enforcement: Alternative regimes to deal with bribery. University of Passau, Faculty of Business and Economics. https://ideas.repec.org/p/zbw/upadvr/v6010.html Lambsdorff, Johann Graf. (2010b). Who accepts bribery? Evidence from a global household survey. University of Passau, Faculty of Business and Economics. http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/zbwupadvr/v6110.htm Lambsdorff, Johann Graf. (2013a). Corrupt intermediaries in international business transactions: Between make, buy and reform. European Journal of Law and Economics, 35(3), 349–366. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10657-010-9214-7 Lambsdorff, Johann Graf. (2013b). Securing Investor Confidence or Fighting Corruption? How Intergovernmental Organizations May Reconcile Two Opposing Goals. In Anti-corruption policy: Can international actors play a constructive role? (pp. 215–228). Carolina Academic Press, 2013. Lambsdorff, Johann Graf. (2015a). Behavioral and Institutional Economics as an Inspiration to Anti-Corruption: Some Counterintuitive Findings. In Routledge handbook of political corruption (pp. 299–314). Routledge. Lambsdorff, Johann Graf. (2015b). Preventing corruption by promoting trust: Insights from behavioral science. University of Passau, Faculty of Business and Economics. https://ideas.repec.org/p/zbw/upadvr/v6915.html Lambsdorff, Johann Graf, & Frank, B. (2010). Bribing versus gift-giving – An experiment. Journal of Economic Psychology, 31(3), 347–357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2010.01.004 Lambsdorff, Johann Graf, & Frank, B. (2011). Corrupt reciprocity – Experimental evidence on a men’s game. International Review of Law & Economics, 31(2), 116–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irle.2011.04.002

220

Lamm, C., Pham, H., & Moloo, R. (2010). Fraud and Corruption in International Arbitration. In Liber amicorum: Bernardo Cremades (pp. 699–731). La Ley. Lamoreaux, P. T., Michas, P. N., & Schultz, W. L. (2015). Do accounting and audit quality affect World Bank lending? Accounting Review, 90(2), 703–738. Lancaster, T., & Montinola, G. (1997). Toward a methodology for the comparative study of political corruption. Crime, Law and Social Change, 27(3), 185–206. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008274416350 Lancaster, T., & Montinola, G. (2001). Comparative political corruption: Issues of operationalization and measurement. Studies in Comparative International Development, 36(3), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02686202 Landell-Mills, P. (2013). Citizens Against Corruption: Report from the Front Line. Troubador Publishing Ltd. Langbein, L., & Knack, S. (2008). The Worldwide Governance Indicators And Tautology: Causally Related Separable Concepts, Indicators Of A Common Cause, Or Both? The World Bank. http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/abs/10.1596/1813-9450-4669 Langbein, L., & Knack, S. (2010). The Worldwide Governance Indicators: Six, One, or None? Journal of Development Studies, 46(2), 350–370. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380902952399 Langbein, L., & Sanabria, P. (2013). The Shape of Corruption: Colombia as a Case Study. Journal of Development Studies, 49(11), 1500–1513. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2013.800858 Lange, D. (2008). A multidimensional conceptualization of organizational corruption control. The Academy of Management Review : AMR, 33(3), 710–729. Langevoort, D. C. (2002). Monitoring: The behavioral economics of corporate compliance with law. Columbia Business Law Review, 2002(1), 71–118. Lanyi, A. (2004). Measuring the Economic Impact of Corruption: A Survey. In The corruption nexus and the People’s Republic of China: Current thinking on causes and consequences. IRIS Center at the University of Maryland. LaPalombara, J. (1994). Structural and Institutional Aspects of Corruption. Social Research, 61(2), 325–350. Lapshyna, I. (2014). Corruption as a Driver of Migration Aspirations: The Case of Ukraine. Economics & Sociology, 7(4), 113–127. Large, D. (2005). Introductory survey: Corruption and reconstruction after war. In Corruption in

221

Post War Reconstruction, Confronting the vicious cycle. Beirut (pp. 32–55). Larmour, P. (2009). Corruption, Culture and Institutions: Evidence from the Pacific Islands. In Preventing corruption in Asia: Institutional design and policy capacity (pp. 206–221). Routledge. Larmour, Peter. (2001). Corruption, Culture and Transferability: What Can Be Learned From Australia? Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 9(1), 14–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.00149 Larmour, Peter. (2008). Corruption and the concept of ‘Culture’: Evidence from the Pacific Islands. Crime, Law and Social Change, 49(3), 225–239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-007-9098-9 Larmour, Peter. (2012a). Corruption and the Concept of Culture: Evidence from the Pacific Islands. In M. Barcham & B. Hindess (Eds.), Corruption: Expanding the Focus (pp. 155–177). Canberra: ANU Press. http://www.oapen.org/download?type=document&docid=459875 Larmour, Peter. (2012b). Interpreting corruption: Culture and politics in the Pacific islands. University of Hawaiʻi Press. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.PMUSE_batch:muse9780824861193 Larsson, T. (2006). Reform, corruption, and growth: Why corruption is more devastating in Russia than in China. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 39(2), 265–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2006.03.005 Lascoumes, P. (2014). Condemning Corruption and Tolerating Conflicts of Interest: French ‘Arrangements’ Regarding Breaches of Integrity. In Corruption and conflicts of interest: A comparative law approach (pp. 67–84). Edward Elgar PubLtd. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.GEN_batch:ELGAR01620140507 Lascoumes, P., & Tomescu-Hatto, O. (2008). French Ambiguities in Understandings of Corruption: Concurrent Definitions. Perspectives on European Politics and Society, 9(1), 24–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/15705850701825428 Lassila, J. (2016). Aleksei Naval’nyi and Populist Re-ordering of Putin’s Stability. Europe-Asia Studies, 68(1), 118–137. https://doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2015.1120276 Latham, M. (2015). “The city has been wronged and abused!”: Institutional corruption in the eighteenth century. The Economic History Review, 68(3), 1038–1061. https://doi.org/10.1111/ehr.12091 Latimer, P., & Brown, A. J. (2008). Whistleblower Laws: International Best Practice. University of New South Wales Law Journal, The, 31(3), 766–794.

222

Lauchs, M., Keast, R., & Yousefpour, N. (2011). Corrupt police networks: Uncovering hidden relationship patterns, functions and roles. Policing and Society, 21(1), 110–127. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2010.540656 Lauth, H.-J. (2000). Informal Institutions and Democracy. Democratization, 7(4), 21–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510340008403683 Lauwo, S. (2019). Corruption and socio-political economic structures: A case of Nigeria. Journal of Financial Crime, 26(1), 330–371. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-01-2018-0003 Lawal, S. M. (2015). An appraisal of corruption in the Nigeria electoral system. European Scientific Journal, 11(25), 256. Lawson, L. (2009). The Politics of Anti-Corruption Reform in Africa. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 47(1), 73–100. Lazar, S. (2005). Citizens Despite the State: Everyday Corruption and Local Politics in El Alto, Bolivia. In Corruption: Anthropological perspectives. Pluto. Lazarova, E. A., & Mosca, I. (2008). Does governance matter for aggregate health capital? Applied Economics Letters, 15(3), 199–202. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504850600721916 Le Billon, P. (2003). Buying peace or fuelling war: The role of corruption in armed conflicts. Journal of International Development, 15(4), 413–426. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.993 Le Billon, P. (2008). Corrupting Peace? Peacebuilding and Post-conflict Corruption. International Peacekeeping, 15(3), 344–361. https://doi.org/10.1080/13533310802058851 Le Billon, P. (2014a). Natural resources and corruption in post-war transitions: Matters of trust. Third World Quarterly, 35(5), 770–786. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2014.921429 Le Billon, P. (2014b). Resource Grabs. In Corruption, grabbing and development: Real world challenges. Edward Elgar, 2014. Le, Q. V., & Rishi, M. (2006). Corruption and Capital Flight: An Empirical Assessment. International Economic Journal, 20(4), 523–540. https://doi.org/10.1080/10168730601027161 Le, V.-H., Haan, J. de, & Dietzenbacher, E. (2013). Do Higher Government Wages Reduce Corruption? Evidence Based on a Novel Dataset. CESifo Group Munich. https://ideas.repec.org/p/ces/ceswps/_4254.html Le Vine, V. (1992). Administrative corruption and democratization in Africa—Aspects of the theoretic agenda. Corruption and Reform, 7(3), 271–271. Le, Y., Shan, M., Chan, A. P. C., & Hu, Y. (2014a). Overview of Corruption Research in 223

Construction. Journal of Management in Engineering, 30(4), 02514001. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000300 Le, Y., Shan, M., Chan, A. P. C., & Hu, Y. (2014b). Investigating the Causal Relationships between Causes of and Vulnerabilities to Corruption in the Chinese Public Construction Sector. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 140(9), 05014007. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000886 Leasure, P. (2016). Asset recovery in corruption cases: Comparative analysis identifies serious flaws in US tracing procedure. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 19(1), 4–20. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-04-2015-0010 Lecuna, A. (2012). Corruption and size decentralization. Journal of Applied Economics, 15(1), 139. Ledeneva, A. (2008). Blat and Guanxi: Informal Practices in Russia and China. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 50(01). https://doi.org/10.1017/S0010417508000078 Ledeneva, A. (2009). Corruption in Postcommunist Societies in Europe: A Re-examination. Perspectives on European Politics and Society, 10(1), 69–86. https://doi.org/10.1080/15705850802700017 Lederman, D., Loayza, N. V., & Soares, R. R. (2005). Accountability and Corruption: Political Institutions Matter. Economics & Politics, 17(1), 1–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0343.2005.00145.x Ledyaeva, S., Karhunen, P., Kosonen, R., & Whalley, J. (2015). Offshore Foreign Direct Investment, Capital Round-Tripping, and Corruption: Empirical Analysis of Russian Regions. Economic Geography; Econ.Geogr., 91(3), 305–341. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecge.12093 Ledyaeva, Svetlana, Karhunen, P., & Kosonen, R. (2013). Birds of a feather: Evidence on commonality of corruption and democracy in the origin and location of foreign investment in Russian regions. European Journal of Political Economy, 32, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2013.06.003 Lee, C.-S. (2007). Labor Unions and Good Governance: A Cross-National, Comparative Analysis. American Sociological Review, 72(4), 585–609. Lee, F. L. F. (2015). How Citizens React to Political Scandals Surrounding Government Leaders: A Survey Study in Hong Kong. Asian Journal of Political Science, 23(1), 44–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/02185377.2014.973893 Lee, H., Lim, H., Moore, D. D., & Kim, J. (2013). How police organizational structure correlates with frontline officers’ attitudes toward corruption: A multilevel model. Police Practice

224

and Research, 14(5), 386–401. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2011.635483 Lee, H.-Y., Yang, B.-M., & Kang, M. (2016). Control of corruption, democratic accountability, and effectiveness of HIV/AIDS official development assistance. Global Health Action, 9(0). https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v9.30306 Lee, J. A., Slear, J. D., Lee, J. A., & Slear, J. D. (2007). Unique Problems with FCPA Compliance in the People’s Republic of China. Business Law Today, 16(5), 14–18. Lee, J.-H., Sigmund, K., Dieckmann, U., & Iwasa, Y. (2015). Games of corruption: How to suppress illegal logging. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 367(Journal Article), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.10.037 Lee, L. (n.d.). Certainty in Coming Clean: Establishing an FCPA Safe Harbor for Self-Reporting Companies (September 5, 2014). Unpublished Material. http://ssrn.com/abstract=2492307; http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2492307 Lee, M.-H., & Lio, M.-C. (2016). The impact of information and communication technology on public governance and corruption in China. 32(2), 127–141. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266666914529293 Lee, N.-J. (2001). The Role of Non-Governmental Organisations in Preventing Corruption. In K. ADB-OECD Conference on Combatting Corruption in the Asia-Pacific Region : Seoul (Ed.), Progress in the fight against corruption in Asia and the Pacific: Papers presented at the joint ABD-OECD Conference on Combatting Corruption in the Asia-Pacific Region, Seoul, Korea, 11-13 December 2000. Asian Development Bank. Lee, P. L. (2010). A renewed focus on foreign corruption and politically exposed persons. Banking Law Journal, 127(9), 813–848. Lee, S. (2015). Quality of government and tourism destination competitiveness. Tourism Economics; Tour.Econ., 21(4), 881–888. https://doi.org/10.5367/te.2014.0377 Lee, Seung-hyun, & Weng, D. H. (2013). Does bribery in the home country promote or dampen firm exports? Strategic Management Journal, 34(12), 1472–1487. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2075 Lee, S.-H., & Hong, S. (2012). Corruption and subsidiary profitability: US MNC subsidiaries in the Asia Pacific region. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 29(4), 949–964. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-010-9214-8 Lee, S.-H., & Oh, K. (2007). Corruption in Asia: Pervasiveness and arbitrariness. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 24(1), 97–114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-006-9027-y Lee, W.-S., & Guven, C. (2013). Engaging in corruption: The influence of cultural values and contagion effects at the microlevel. Journal of Economic Psychology, 39, 287–300. 225

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2013.09.006 Lee, Y., & Azfar, O. (2008). Corruption and trade regulations: An instrumental variable approach. Applied Economics Letters, 15(3), 231–234. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504850600706180 Leemann, L., & Bochsler, D. (2014). A systematic approach to study electoral fraud. Electoral Studies, 35(Journal Article), 33–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2014.03.005 Leenders, R. (2012). Spoils of truce: Corruption and state-building in postwar Lebanon. Cornell University Press. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.PMUSE_batch:muse9780801465871201602 09 Leenders, R. (2016). The First Time as Tragedy, the Second as Farce? Lebanon’s Nascent Petroleum Sector and the Risks of Corruption. Mediterranean Politics, Journal Article, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/13629395.2015.1117168 Leeson, P., & Sobel, R. (2008). Weathering Corruption. The Journal of Law and Economics, 51(4), 667–681. https://doi.org/10.1086/590129 Lehman, G., & Thorne, K. (2015). Corruption, criminality and the privatised state: The implications for accounting. Accounting Forum, 39(4), 366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accfor.2015.10.002 Lehoucq, F. (2003). Electoral fraud: Causes, types, and consequences. Annual Review Of Political Science, 6, 233–256. Leibold, A. (2015). Extraterritorial application of the FCPA under international law.(Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977). Willamette Law Review, 51(2), 225–267. Leiken, R. (1996). Controlling the global corruption epidemic. Foreign Policy, 105, 55–73. Leitão, A. (2010). Corruption and the environmental Kuznets Curve: Empirical evidence for sulfur. Ecological Economics, 69(11), 2191–2201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.06.004 Lenz, G. S., & Lim, K. (2009). Getting Rich(er) in Office? Corruption and Wealth Accumulation in Congress [Working Paper]. Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1450077 León, C. J., Araña, J. E., & De León, J. (2013). Valuing the social cost of corruption using subjective well being data and the technique of vignettes. Applied Economics, 45(27), 3863–3870. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2012.741678 Leontieva, L. S., Khalilova, T. V., Gaynullina, L. F., & Khalilov, A. I. (2015).

226

Social-Communicative Innovations in Anti-Corruption Activities. Asian Social Science, 11(7), 387–393. Lessig, L. (2011). Republic, lost: How money corrupts Congress--and a plan to stop it (1st ed.). Twelve. Lessig, L. (2014a). A reply to Professors Cain and Charles. California Law Review, 102(1), 49–52. Lessig, L. (2014b). What an originalist would understand “corruption” to mean.(Brennan Center Jorde Symposium on Constitutional Law). California Law Review, 102(1), 1–24. Lessmann, C., & Markwardt, G. (2010). One Size Fits All? Decentralization, Corruption, and the Monitoring of Bureaucrats. World Development, 38(4), 631–646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.11.003 Lestelle, E. P. (2008). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, international norms of foreign public bribery, and extraterritorial jurisdiction. Tulane Law Review, 83(2), 527–558. Letki, N. (2006). Investigating the Roots of Civic Morality: Trust, Social Capital, and Institutional Performance. Political Behavior, 28(4), 305–325. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-006-9013-6 Letyaev, V., & Letyaeva, E. (2015). Corruption Threats in Regulations: Analytical Review of the Literature and Case Materials of the Russian Federation. Journal of Sustainable Development, 8(7), 159–166. Leung, J. (2015). Xi’s Corruption Crackdown: How Bribery and Graft Threaten the Chinese Dream. Foreign Affairs, 94(3), 32–38. Levchenko, A. A. (2013). International Trade and Institutional Change. The Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization, 29(5), 1145–1181. https://doi.org/10.1093/jleo/ews008 Levgold, R. (2009). Corruption, the Criminalilzed State, and Post-Soviet Transitions. In Corruption, global security, and world order (pp. 194–238). World Peace Foundation. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.PMUSE_batch:PMUSE342320151124 Levi, M. (2015). Money for crime and money from crime: Financing crime and laundering crime proceeds. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 21(2), 275–297. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10610-015-9269-7 Levie, M. (2019). Corruption in Russia’s Primorsky Kray: Is transparency the answer? Journal of Financial Crime, 26(1), 382–395. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-02-2018-0017 Levin, I., Cohn, G., Alvarez, M., & Ordeshook, P. (n.d.). Detecting Voter Fraud in an Electronic Voting Context: An Analysis of the Unlimited Reelection Vote in Venezuela.

227

https://www.usenix.org/legacy/event/evtwote09/tech/full_papers/levin.pdf Levin, M., & Satarov, G. (2000). Corruption and institutions in Russia. European Journal of Political Economy, 16(1), 113–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0176-2680(99)00050-6 Levin, R. M. (2001). Fighting the appearance of corruption.(congressional election finance reform). Washington University Journal of Law & Policy, 6, 171–179. Levitt, B., Gawronski, V., Hoberman, G., Olson, R., & Sandoval, V. (2019). Public Perceptions of Code Enforcement and Safer Buildings in Latin America and the Caribbean. Natural Hazards Review, 20(4). https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000333 Levmore, S. P. (1998). Efficiency and conspiracy: Conflicts of interest, antinepotism rules, and separation strategies. Fordham Law Review, 66(6), 2099–2116. Levy, D. (2007). Price adjustment under the table: Evidence on efficiency-enhancing corruption. European Journal of Political Economy, 23(2), 423–447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2007.01.001 Lewis, C., & Lloyd-Sherlock, P. (2009). Social policy and economic development in South America: An historical approach to social insurance. Economy and Society, 38(1), 109–131. https://doi.org/10.1080/03085140802560587 Lewis, M. K. (2012). Presuming innocence, or corruption, in China. Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, 50(2), 287–369. Lewis, Maureen. (2007). Informal payments and the financing of health care in developing and transition countries. Health Affairs (Project Hope), 26(4), 984–997. Lewis, Melea, & Stenning, P. (2016). Considering the Glenister judgment: Independence requirements for anti-corruption institutions. South African Crime Quarterly, 39. https://doi.org/10.17159/2413-3108/2012/v0i39a847 Li, C., Liu, L., Zheng, W., Dang, J., & Liang, Y. (2017). A clean self reduces bribery intent. International Journal of Psychology : Journal International de Psychologie. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12452 Li, F., & Deng, J. (2016a). The Limits of the Arbitrariness in Anticorruption by China’s Local Party Discipline Inspection Committees. Journal of Contemporary China, 25(97), 75. Li, F., & Deng, J. (2016b). The power and the misuse of power by China’s local procuratorates in anticorruption. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 45(Journal Article), 1. Li, He, Refalo, J., & Maisondieu-Laforge, O. (2021). National corruption and international banking. Global Finance Journal, 47, 100521-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfj.2020.100521 Li, Hongyi, Xu, L. C., & Zou, H. (2000). Corruption, Income Distribution, and Growth. 228

Economics & Politics, 12(2), 155–182. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0343.00073 Li, Hui, Gong, T., & Xiao, H. (2016). The Perception of Anti-corruption Efficacy in China: An Empirical Analysis. Social Indicators Research; An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, 125(3), 885–903. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-015-0859-z Li, Hui, & Meng, T. (2020). Corruption Experience and Public Perceptions of Anti-corruption Crackdowns: Experimental Evidence from China. Chinese Journal of Political Science, 25(3), 431–456. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11366-020-09672-w Li, Li. (2016). Measuring the subjective perceptions of the social censure of corruption in post-1997 Hong Kong. Crime, Law and Social Change, 65(1–2), 93–112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-015-9599-x Li, Ling. (2011a). Performing Bribery in China: Guanxi-practice, corruption with a human face. Journal of Contemporary China, 20(68), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2011.520841 Li, Ling. (2011b). The ‘Production’ of Corruption in China’s Courts – The Politics of Judicial Decision-Making and its Consequences in a One-Party State (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 1880141). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1880141 Li, P. (2009). The Duality of Crony Corruption in Economic Transition: Toward an Integrated Framework. Journal of Business Ethics, 85(1), 41–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9747-7 Li, Sha, Bühren, C., Frank, B., & Qin, H. (2015). Group Decision Making in a Corruption Experiment: China and Germany Compared. Jahrbücher Für Nationalökonomie Und Statistik, 235(2), 207–227. Li, Shu, Triandis, H. C., & Yu, Y. (2006). Cultural Orientation and Corruption. Ethics & Behavior, 16(3), 199–215. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327019eb1603_2 Li, W. (2002a). Corruption and Resource Allocation: Evidence from China [Working Paper]. https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/39780/wp396.pdf?sequence=3 Li, W. (2002b). Corruption during the Economic Transition in China. In Corrupt exchanges: Empirical themes in the politics and political economy of corruption (1. Aufl.). Nomos. Li, W. (2002c). Measuring Corruption under China’s Dual-Track System [Working Paper]. http://faculty.darden.virginia.edu/liw/papers/measuring-corruption.pdf Li, X. (2015). Measuring Local Corruption in China: A Cautionary Tale. Journal of Chinese Political Science, 21(1), 21–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11366-015-9377-8

229

Li, Y., Yao, F. K., & Ahlstrom, D. (2015). The social dilemma of bribery in emerging economies: A dynamic model of emotion, social value, and institutional uncertainty. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 32(2), 311–334. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-014-9406-8 Liao, X., & Tsai, W.-H. (2020). Strengthening China’s Powerful Commission for Discipline Inspection under Xi Jinping, with a Case Study at the County Level. The China Journal (Canberra, A.C.T.), 84(1), 29–50. https://doi.org/10.1086/708610 Libman, A. (2013). Communism or communists? Soviet legacies and corruption in transition economies. Economics Letters, 119(1), 101–103. Licht, A. N., Goldschmidt, C., & Schwartz, S. H. (2007). Culture rules: The foundations of the rule of law and other norms of governance. Journal of Comparative Economics, 35(4), 659–688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2007.09.001 Lien, D.-H. D. (1986). A note on competitive bribery games. Economics Letters, 22(4), 337–341. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1765(86)90093-5 Lien, D.-H. D. (1990). Corruption and allocation efficiency. Journal of Development Economics, 33(1), 153–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(90)90013-2 Lierl, M. (2014). Selection or Incentives? Experimental Evidence on the Accountability of Village Leaders in Tanzania [Working Paper]. Lierl, M. (2016). What Motivates Village Leaders to Refrain from Misappropriating Public Resources. http://www.maltelierl.info/files/Lierl2014a.pdf Liew, L. H. (1992). Corruption as a form of insurance. European Journal of Political Economy, 8(3), 427–443. https://doi.org/10.1016/0176-2680(92)90005-2 Light, M. (2014). Police reforms in the Republic of Georgia: The convergence of domestic and foreign policy in an anti-corruption drive. Policing and Society, 24(3), 318–345. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2013.784289 Lim, D., Jordan, M., Kibbe, P., Donatti, D., & Acheampong, K. (2013). Access to Remedies for Transnational Public Bribery: A Governance Gap. Criminal Justice, 28(3), 1–12. Lim, H., & Sloan, J. J. (2016). Police officer integrity: A partial replication and extension. Policing, 39(2), 284–301. Lim, K. Y. (2018). Modelling the dynamics of corruption and unemployment with heterogeneous labour. Economic Modelling. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2018.10.004 Lim, L. Y. C., & Stern, A. (2002). State Power and Private Profit: The political economy of corruption in Southeast Asia. Asian‐Pacific Economic Literature, 16(2), 18–52.

230

https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8411.00120 Lin, C., Morck, R., Yeung, B., & Zhao, X. (2016). Anti-Corruption Reforms and Shareholder Valuations: Event Study Evidence from China (Working Paper No. 22001). National Bureau of Economic Research. http://www.nber.org/papers/w22001 Lin, J., & Si, S. (2010). Can guanxi be a problem? Contexts, ties, and some unfavorable consequences of social capital in China. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 27(3), 561–581. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-010-9198-4 Lin, M.-W., & Yu, C. (2014). Can Corruption Be Measured? Comparing Global Versus Local Perceptions of Corruption in East and Southeast Asia. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 16(2), 140–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/13876988.2013.870115 Lin, S., & Zhang, W. (2009). The effect of corruption on capital accumulation. Journal of Economics, 97(1), 67–93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00712-009-0062-2 Lindberg, J., & Herath, D. (2014). Land and grievances in post-conflict Sri Lanka: Exploring the role of corruption complaints. Third World Quarterly, 35(5), 888–904. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2014.921444 Lindberg, J., & Orjuela, C. (2014). Corruption in the aftermath of war: An introduction. Third World Quarterly, 35(5), 723–736. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2014.921421 Lindberg, S. I. (2003). “It’s Our Time to ‘Chop’”: Do Elections in Africa Feed Neo-Patrimonialism rather than Counter-Act It? Democratization, 10(2), 121–140. https://doi.org/10.1080/714000118 Linde, J. (2012). Why feed the hand that bites you? Perceptions of procedural fairness and system support in post‐communist democracies. European Journal of Political Research, 51(3), 410–434. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2011.02005.x Linder, A., & Santiso, C. (2002). Assessing the Predictive Powers of Country Risk Ratings and Governance Indicators (SAIS Working Paper 02/02). SAIS Working Paper 02/02. http://garrido.pe/lecturasydocumentos/LINDER%20%20SANTISO%20(2002)%20Asses sing%20the%20predictive%20power%20of%20country%20risk%20ratings%20and%20g overnance.pdf. Lindgren, J. (1988). The Elusive Distinction Between Bribery and Extortion: From the Common Law to the Hobbs Act. U.C.L.A. Law Review, 35(5), 815. Lindgren, J. (1993). The theory, history, and practice of the bribery-extortion distinction. (Symposium: Blackmail). University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 141(5), 1695–1740. Lindkvist, I. (2013). Informal Payments and Health Worker Effort: A Quantitative Study from 231

Tanzania. Health Economics, 22(10), 1250–1271. https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.2881 Lindkvist, I. (2014). Using Salaries as a Deterrent to Informal Payments in the Health Sector. In Corruption, grabbing and development: Real world challenges. Edward Elgar, 2014. Lindsay, R., Lindsay, L., & Irvine, V. (1996). Instilling ethical behavior in organizations: A survey of Canadian companies. Journal of Business Ethics, 15(4), 393–407. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00380360 Lindsey, C. (2009). More than you bargained for: Successor liability under the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Ohio Northern University Law Review, 35(3), 959–986. Lindsey, R., & Dick, H. (2002). Corruption in Asia: Rethinking the governance paradigm. Federation Press. Lindskog, H., Brege, S., & Brehmer, P.-O. (2010). Corruption in public procurement and private sector purchasing. Journal of Organisational Transformation & Social Change, 7(2), 167–188. https://doi.org/10.1386/jots.7.2.167_1 Lindstedt, C., & Naurin, D. (2010). Transparency is not Enough: Making Transparency Effective in Reducing Corruption (La transparence ne suffit pas: rendre la transparence efficace dans la lutte contre la corruption) (La transparencia no basta: Cómo crear una transparencia efectiva para reducir la corrupción). International Political Science Review / Revue Internationale de Science Politique, 31(3), 301–322. Linhartova, V., & Volejnikova, J. (2015). Quantifying Corruption at a Subnational Level. E & M Ekonomie A Management; E M Ekon.Manag., 18(2), 25–39. Linstead, S., Maréchal, G., & Griffin, R. W. (2014). Theorizing and Researching the Dark Side of Organization. Organization Studies, 35(2), 165–188. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840613515402 Lio, M., & Lee, M. (2016). Corruption costs lives: A cross‐country study using an IV approach. International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 31(2), 175–190. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpm.2305 Lio, M.-C., Liu, M.-C., & Ou, Y.-P. (2011). Can the internet reduce corruption? A cross-country study based on dynamic panel data models. Government Information Quarterly, 28(1), 47–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2010.01.005 Lipinski, A. J. (2011). Combating government corruption: Suing the federal government via a proposed amendment to the civil RICO statute.(Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act). Valparaiso University Law Review, 46(1), 169–210. Lipper, G. (2010). Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the Elusive Question of Intent. The American Criminal Law Review, 47(4), 1463. 232

Lippitt, A. (2013). An Empirical Analysis of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Virginia Law Review, 99(8), 1893–1930. Lipset, S. M., & Lenz, G. (2000). Corruption, Culture and Markets. In Culture matters: How values shape human progress (pp. 112–124). Basic Books. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebook:NLIB_585418276 Little, M., Lipworth, W., & Kerridge, I. (2018). An Archeology of Corruption in Medicine. Cambridge Quarterly Of Healthcare Ethics, 27(3), 525–535. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0963180117000925 Litwin, D. (2013). On the Divide Between Investor-State Arbitration and the Global Fight Against Corruption. Transnational Dispute Management (TDM), 10(3). https://www.transnational-dispute-management.com/article.asp?key=1964 Liu, A. P. L. (1983). The Politics of Corruption in the People’s Republic of China. The American Political Science Review, 77(3), 602–623. https://doi.org/10.2307/1957262 Liu, C., & Mikesell, J. L. (2014). The Impact of Public Officials’ Corruption on the Size and Allocation of U.S. State Spending. Public Administration Review, 74(3), 346. Liu, E. (2016). A historical review of the control of corruption on economic crime in China. Journal of Financial Crime, 23(1), 4–21. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-08-2015-0042 Liu, L. (2015). The global anti-bribery collaboration in evolution. Journal of Financial Crime, 22(3), 264–294. Liu, Q. (2010). How economists study corruption. Journal of Anticorruption Research, 2, 110–118. Liu, Q, & Peng, Y. (2012). Behavioral Environment,Social Capital and the Evolution Mechanism of Corruption Equilibrium. Comparative Economic & Social Systems, 163(5), 145–158. Liu, Qg, Luo, T. P., & Tian, G. (2016). Political connections with corrupt government bureaucrats and corporate M&A decisions: A natural experiment from the anti- corruption cases in China. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal; Pac.-Basin Financ.J., 37(Journal Article), 52–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2016.03.003 Liu, Qijun, & Peng, Y. (2015a). Corruption in college admissions examinations in China. International Journal of Educational Development, 41, 104–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2015.02.003 Liu, Qijun, & Peng, Y. (2015b). Determinants of Willingness to Bribe: Micro Evidence from the Educational Sector in China. Jahrbücher Für Nationalökonomie Und Statistik, 235(2), 168–183. 233

Liu, X., Christopoulos, G. I., & Hong, Y.-Y. (2014). The Role of Decision Frame on Decision-Making regarding Bribe Giving. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2014(1), 16680–16680. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2014.16680abstract Liu, Ximei, Latif, K., Latif, Z., & Li, N. (2020). Relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions: Does governance matter? Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 27(14), 17221–17228. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08142-3 Liu, Ye, An, Y., & Zhang, J. (2016). Bribe payments under regulatory decentralization: Evidence from rights offering regulations in China. Journal of Banking & Finance, 63(Journal Article), 61. Liu, Yongzheng, & Feng, H. (2015). Tax structure and corruption: Cross-country evidence. Public Choice, 162(1), 57–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-014-0194-y Ljunge, M. (2015). Social capital and the family: Evidence that strong family ties cultivate civic virtues. Economica [London], 82(325), 103–136. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecca.12102 Llamzon, A. (2008). The Control of Corruption through International Investment Arbitration: Potential and Limitations. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting (American Society of International Law), 102, 208–212. Llamzon, A. P. (2013). State Responsibility for Corruption: The Attribution Asymmetry in International Investment Arbitration. Transnational Dispute Management (TDM), 10(3). https://www.transnational-dispute-management.com/article.asp?key=1958 Lloyd-Ellis, H., & Marceau, N. (2003). Endogenous insecurity and economic development. Journal of Development Economics, 72(1), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3878(03)00066-X Lobnikar, B., & Meško, G. (2015). Perception of police corruption and the level of integrity among Slovenian police officers. Police Practice & Research, 16(4), 341–353. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2015.1038031 Locatelli, G., Mariani, G., Sainati, T., & Greco, M. (2017). Corruption in public projects and megaprojects: There is an elephant in the room! International Journal of Project Management, 35(3), 252–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2016.09.010 Loe, T., Ferrell, L., & Mansfield, P. (2000). A Review of Empirical Studies Assessing Ethical Decision Making in Business. Journal of Business Ethics, 25(3), 185–204. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006083612239 Loftis, M. W. (2015). Deliberate Indiscretion? How Political Corruption Encourages Discretionary Policy Making. Comparative Political Studies, 48(6), 728. Logue, N. (2005). Cultural Relativism or Ethical Imperialism? Dealing with Bribery Across 234

Cultures (working paper). http://www.cbfa.org/Logue.pdf Lomnitz, C. (1995). Ritual, Rumor and Corruption in the Constitution of Polity in Modern Mexico. Journal of Latin American Anthropology, 1(1), 20–47. https://doi.org/10.1525/jlca.1995.1.1.20 Lomnitz, L. A. (1988). Informal Exchange Networks in Formal Systems: A Theoretical Model. American Anthropologist, 90(1), 42. Long, D., & Rao, S. (1995). The wealth effects of unethical business behavior. Journal of Economics and Finance, 19(2), 65–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02920510 Lopatta, K., Jaeschke, R., & Yi, C. (2014). The Strategic use of Language in Corrupt Firms’ Financial Disclosures [Working Paper]. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2512323 López and, R., & Mitra, S. (2000). Corruption, Pollution, and the Kuznets Environment Curve. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 40(2), 137–150. https://doi.org/10.1006/jeem.1999.1107 López Cazar, I. M., Papyrakis, E., & Pellegrini, L. (2020). The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) and corruption in Latin America: Evidence from Colombia, Guatemala, Honduras, Peru, and Trinidad and Tobago. Resources Policy. López, J. P., & Santos, J. S. (2014). Does Corruption Have Social Roots? The Role of Culture and Social Capital. Journal of Business Ethics, 122(4), 697–708. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1789-9 Lopez, L. (2015). Corruption and International Aid Allocation: A Complex Dance. Journal of Economic Development, 40(1), 35–61. López-Cálix, J. R., SELIGSON, M. A., & ALCÁZAR, L. (2009). Local Accountability and the Peruvian Vaso de Leche Program. In C. H. BLAKE & S. D. MORRIS (Eds.), Corruption and Democracy in Latin America (pp. 111–130). University of Pittsburgh Press; JSTOR. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt9qh6n2.9 Lord, N. (2013). Regulating transnational corporate bribery: Anti-bribery and corruption in the UK and Germany. Crime, Law and Social Change, 60(2), 127–145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-013-9445-y Lord, Nicholas J. (2014). Responding to transnational corporate bribery using international frameworks for enforcement: Anti-bribery and corruption in the UK and Germany. Criminology & Criminal Justice, 14(1), 100–120. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748895812474662 Lord, Nicholas James. (2015). Detecting and investigating transnational corporate bribery in 235

centralised and decentralised enforcement systems: Discretion and (de-)prioritisation in the UK and Germany. Policing & Society, 25(6), 579–595. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2014.895350 Lori Ann Wanlin. (2006). The Gap Between Promise and Practice in the Global Fight Against Corruption. Asper Review of International Business & Trade Law, 6, 209–419. Losco, M. A. (2014). Streamlining the corruption defense: A proposed framework for FCPA-ICSID interaction.(Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes). Duke Law Journal, 63(5), 1201. Lovell, D. (2005). Corruption as a Transitional Phenomenon: Understanding Endemic Corruption in Postcommunist States. In Corruption: Anthropological perspectives. Pluto. Low, L. A. (1998). Transnational Corruption: New Rules for Old Temptations, New Players to Combat a Perennial Evil. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting (American Society of International Law), 92, 151–156. Low, L. A. 1., Lamoree, S. R. 2., & London, J. (2015). The “Demand Side” of Transnational Bribery and Corruption: Why Leveling the Playing Field on the Supply Side Isn’t enough. Fordham Law Review, 84(2), 563–599. Low, L. A., Bjorklund, A. K., & Atkinson, K. C. (1998). The Inter-American Convention Against Corruption: A comparison with the United States Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.(Perspectives on Latin America). Virginia Journal of International Law, 38(3), 243–292. Low, L. A., & Davis, J. (n.d.). Coping with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: A Primer for Energy and Natural Resource Sector. Journal of Energy & Natural Resources Law, 16, 268-eoa. Low, L. A., Sprange, T. K., & Barutciski, M. (2010). Global anti-corruption standard and enforcement: Implications for energy companies †. Journal of World Energy Law & Business, 3(2), 166–213. https://doi.org/10.1093/jwelb/jwq004 Lowen, A., & Samuel, A. (2011). Bribery and Endogenous Monitoring Effort: An Experimental Study. Eastern Economic Journal, 38(3), 356. https://doi.org/10.1057/eej.2011.18 Löwenheim, O. (2008). Examining the State: A Foucauldian perspective on international ‘governance indicators.’ Third World Quarterly, 29(2), 255–274. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436590701806814 Lowenstein, D. H. (1985). Political bribery and the intermediate theory of politics. UCLA Law Review, 32(4), 784–851. Lu, J., Shi, T., & Zhu, J. (2013). When grapevine news meets mass media: Different information 236

sources and popular perceptions of government corruption in Mainland China. 46(8), 920–946. Lu, T. (2013). The “obtaining or retaining business” requirement: Breathing new life into the business nexus provision of the FCPA.(Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977). Fordham Journal of Corporate & Financial Law, 18(3), 729–750. Lu, X. (2000). Booty Socialism, Bureau-Preneurs, and the State in Transition: Organizational Corruption in China. Comparative Politics, 32(3), 273–294. https://doi.org/10.2307/422367 Lubin, N. (2003). Who’s Watching the Watchdogs? Journal of International Affairs, 56(2), 43–56. Ludwin-Peery, E., & Tingley, D. (2014). Ethical Situations and Their Effects on Judgments of Punishment. Ethics & Behavior, 24(3), 253–262. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2013.845534 Lui, F. (1986). A Dynamic Model of Corruption Deterrence. 31(2), 215–236. Lui, F. (1996). Three aspects of corruption. 14(3), 26–29. Lui, F. T. (1985). An Equilibrium Queuing Model of Bribery. 93(4), 760–781. Luiz, J., & Stewart, C. (2014). Corruption, South African Multinational Enterprises and Institutions in Africa. Journal of Business Ethics, 124(3), 383–398. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1878-9 Lukito, A. S. (2015). Fostering and enhancing the role of private sector. Journal of Financial Crime, 22(4), 476–491. Luo, Y. (2002). Corruption and Organization in Asian Management Systems. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 19(2), 405–422. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016252021370 Luo, Y. (2005). An Organizational Perspective of Corruption. Management and Organization Review, 1(1), 119–154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8784.2004.00006.x Luo, Y. (2006). Political behavior, social responsibility, and perceived corruption: A structuration perspective. Journal of International Business Studies, 37(6), 747. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400224 Luo, Y. (2008). The changing Chinese culture and business behavior: The perspective of intertwinement between guanxi and corruption. International Business Review, 17(2), 188–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2008.02.002 Luo, Y. (2011). Strategic Responses to Perceived Corruption in an Emerging Market: Lessons From MNEs Investing in China. Business & Society, 50(2), 350–387. 237

https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650307313362 Luo, Y., & Han, B. (2009). Graft and business in emerging economies: An ecological perspective. Journal of World Business, 44(3), 225–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2008.08.006 Luo, Y., Huang, Y., & Wang, S. L. (2012). Guanxi and Organizational Performance: A Meta‐Analysis. Management and Organization Review, 8(1), 139–172. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8784.2011.00273.x Luong, P. J. (2010). Oil is not a curse: Ownership structure and institutions in Soviet successor states. Cambridge University Press. Lupsha, P. (1991). Drug lords and narco-corruption: The players change but the game continues. Crime, Law and Social Change, 16(1), 41–58. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00389737 Luz, R., & Spagnolo, G. (2016). Leniency, Collusion, Corruption, and Whistleblowing. Working paper. http://poseidon01.ssrn.com/delivery.php?ID=81501712711709211800211208910507102 306302708603908408806708400502300712011207007110409903903404504812410900 210102806808812107500507005301404009011802902101001512502806904504500508 811301500202510300100308502308912310111310212311911008008111911112609508 6&EXT=pdf Ma, S. (2009). “‘Policing the Police’: A Perennial Challenge for China’s Anticorruption Agencies.” In Preventing corruption in Asia: Institutional design and policy capacity. Routledge. Maass, A. (1987). U.S. Prosecution of State and Local Officials for Political Corruption: Is the Bureaucracy out of Control in a High-Stakes Operation Involving the Constitutional System? Publius, 17(3), 195–230. Macchiavello, R. (2008). Public sector motivation and development failures. Journal of Development Economics, 86(1), 201–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2007.06.003 Mackenzie, G. C. (2002). Scandal proof: Do ethics laws make government ethical? Brookings Institution Press. Mackey, T. K., Kohler, J., Lewis, M., & Vian, T. (2017). Combating corruption in global health. Science Translational Medicine, 9(402). https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf9547 Mackey, T., Vian, T., & Kohler, J. (2018). The sustainable development goals as a framework to combat health-sector corruption. World Health Organization. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 96(9), 634–643. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLr.18.209502 Maclean, T. L. (2010). The dangers of decoupling: The relationship between compliance 238

programs, legitimacy perceptions, and institutionalized misconduct. Academy of Management Journal, 53(6), 1499–1520. Maclean, T., Litzky, B. E., & Holderness, D. K. (2015). When Organizations Don’t Walk Their Talk: A Cross-Level Examination of How Decoupling Formal Ethics Programs Affects Organizational Members. Journal of Business Ethics, 128(2), 351–368. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2103-1 MacMillan, J. (2011). Reformasi and public corruption: Why Indonesia’s anti-corruption agency strategy should be reformed to effectively combat public corruption. Emory International Law Review, 25(1), 587–630. MacNaughton, A., & Want, K. B. (2007). Corruption Judgments in Pre-War Japan: Locating the Influence of Tradition, Morality, and Trust on Criminal Justice. In Corruption and the secret of law: A legal anthropological perspective. Ashgate. Macrae, J. (1982). Underdevelopment and the economics of corruption: A game theory approach. World Development, 10(8), 677–687. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750X(82)90093-6 Maeda, K., & Ziegfeld, A. (2015). Socioeconomic status and corruption perceptions around the world. 2(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2053168015580838 Maesschalck, J., & Van de Walle, S. (2006). Policy failure and corruption in Belgium: Is federalism to blame? West European Politics, 29(5), 999–1017. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402380600968877 Mæstad, O., & Mwisongo, A. (2011). Informal payments and the quality of health care: Mechanisms revealed by Tanzanian health workers. Health Policy, 99(2), 107–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2010.07.011 Magaloni, B., Matanock, A., Romero, V., & Diaz-Cayeros, A. (n.d.). Living in Fear: The Dynamics of Extortion in Mexico’s Criminal Insurgency (working paper) [Working Paper]. http://poseidon01.ssrn.com/delivery.php?ID=41512508311609207409811507008912209 006201100404100007802307009009207308711912207811201002300604111200604808 800010409309709300305503903200906709606702908912410502802508508200609512 7097080081025015088080006085094073091084086118088119067125106099100116& EXT=pdf Magnus, J., Polterovich, V., Danilov, D., & Savvateev, A. (2002). Tolerance of Cheating: An Analysis Across Countries. The Journal of Economic Education, 33(2), 125–135. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220480209596462 Magrath, W. (2011). Corruption and Crime in Forestry. In Handbook of global research and 239

practice in corruption. Edward Elgar. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.GEN_batch:ELGAR05220150821 Magtulis, P. P., & Poquiz, J. L. (2017). Big Government, Big Corruption? Examining the Relationship between Government Size and Public Corruption in the Philippines. International Journal of Public Administration, 40(11), 954–967. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2016.1229676 Mahagaonkar, P. (2008). Corruption and Innovation: A Grease or Sand relationship? [Jena Economic Research Papers, No. 2008,017]. Jena Economic Research Papers, No. 2008,017. Mahdavi, P. (2014). Extortion in the Oil States: Nationalization, Regulatory Structure, and Corruption. Working paper [Working Paper]. http://paasha.bol.ucla.edu/chapter4_NOCcorruption.pdf Mahmood, R. (2004). Can Information and Communication Technology Help Reduce Corruption? How So and Why Not: Two Case Studies from South Asia. Perspectives on Global Development and Technology, 3(3), 347–373. https://doi.org/10.1163/1569150042442539 Mahmood, S. A. I. (2010). Public procurement and corruption in Bangladesh confronting the challenges and opportunities. Journal of Public Administration and Policy Research, 2(6), 103–111. Mahmood, S. A. I. (2013). Public procurement system and e-Government implementation in Bangladesh: The role of public administration. Journal of Public Administration and Policy Research, 5(5), 117–123. http://dx.doi.org.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/10.5897/JPAPR11.070 Majbouri, M. (2016). Oil and entrepreneurship. Energy Policy, 94(Journal Article), 10. Majeed, M. T. (2014). Corruption and Trade. Journal of Economic Integration, 29(4), 759–782. https://doi.org/10.11130/jei.2014.29.4.759 Majtan, R. (2013). The self-cleaning dilemma: Reconciling competing objectives of procurement processes.(Suspension & Debarment). The George Washington International Law Review, 45(2), 291–347. Majumdar, M., & Yoo, S. (2012). Strategic analysis of influence peddling. International Journal of Game Theory, 41(4), 737–762. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00182-012-0340-z Makinwa, A. (2009). International Corruption and the Privatisation of Security: Resorting to Private Remedies. In Controlling security in a culture of fear (pp. 99-eoa). Boom Legal Publishers.

240

Makinwa, A. (2013). Private remedies for corruption: Towards an international framework. Eleven International Publishing, 2013. Makinwa, A. (2015). Negotiated settlements for corruption offences: A European perspective. Eleven International Publishing. Makinwa, Abiola. (2008). Motivating Civil Remedies for International Corruption: Nigeria as an Illustrative Case Study. CALS Review of Nigerian Law & Practice, 2(2), 97–129. Makinwa, Abiola. (2009a). Researching civil remedies for international corruption: The choice of the functional comparative method. Erasmus Law Review, 2(3). Makinwa, Abiola. (2009b). The Role of International Arbitration in the Fight against Corruption. In The civil law consequences of corruption (1. Aufl., pp. 257–280). Nomos. Makinwa, Abiola. (2010). A Transaction Approach to Fighting Corruption. In Governing security under the rule of law? (pp. 175–194). Eleven International Pub. Makinwa, Abiola. (2013a). Defining a Private Law Approach to Fighting Corruption. In Anti-corruption policy: Can international actors play a constructive role? (pp. 267–284). Carolina Academic Press, 2013. Makinwa, Abiola. (2013b). Good Governance: Negotiated settlemens for FCPA violations as a model. ART (Applied Research Today), 2013(3 (april)), 109–121. Makowski, G. (2012). Diffusion of Corruption in Poland. In The social construction of corruption in Europe (pp. 165–194). Ashgate Pub. Makuta, I., & O’Hare, B. (2015). Quality of governance, public spending on health and health status in Sub Saharan Africa: A panel data regression analysis. Bmc Public Health; BMC Public Health, 15(Journal Article). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2287-z Malec, K., & Gardiner, J. (1987). Measurement Issues in the Study of Official Corruption: A Chicago Example. Corruption and Reform, 2, 267–278. Malena, C., Forster, R., & Singh, J. (2004). Social Accountability: An Introduction to the Concept and Emerging Practice (World Bank Social Development Paper No. 76). World Bank Social Development Paper. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/327691468779445304/pdf/310420PAPER0S o1ity0SDP0Civic0no1076.pdf Malesky, E. J., Gueorguiev, D. D., & Jensen, N. M. (2015). Monopoly Money: Foreign Investment and Bribery in Vietnam, a Survey Experiment. American Journal of Political Science, 59(2), 419–439. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12126 Malesky, E. J., Nguyen, C. V., & Tran, A. (2014). The Impact of Recentralization on Public

241

Services: A Difference-in-Differences Analysis of the Abolition of Elected Councils in Vietnam. 108(1), 144–168. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055413000580 Malesky, E., & Samphantharak, K. (2008). Predictable Corruption and Firm Investment: Evidence from a Natural Experiment and Survey of Cambodian Entrepreneurs. Quarterly Journal of Political Science, 3(3), 227–267. Malesky, E., Schuler, P., & Tran, A. (2012). The Adverse Effects of Sunshine: A Field Experiment on Legislative Transparency in an Authoritarian Assembly. 106(4), 762–786. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055412000408 Malik, A. S. (1990). Avoidance, screening and optimum enforcement. The Rand Journal of Economics, 21(3), 341–353. Maljević, A., Budimlić, M., Datzer, D., & Muratbegović, E. (2008). Professional Police in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Case Study – Police Corruption. European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice, 16(2), 209–224. https://doi.org/10.1163/157181708X308452 Malmberg, F. G., & Christensen, H. S. (2021). Voting Women, Protesting Men: A Multilevel Analysis of Corruption, Gender, and Political Participation. Politics & Policy (Statesboro, Ga.), 49(1), 126–161. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12393 Man, W. Y. N., Worth, H., Kelly, A., Wilson, D. P., & Siba, P. (2014). Is endemic political corruption hampering provision of ART and PMTCT in developing countries? 17(1). https://doi.org/10.7448/IAS.17.1.18568 Mandal, B. (2014). Traded Goods, Tax and Intermediation-the Role of Corrupt Nontraded Sector [Working Paper]. Mandal, B., & Marjit, S. (2010). Corruption and wage inequality? International Review of Economics and Finance, 19(1), 166–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2009.01.001 Manea, T. (2015). Medical bribery and the ethics of trust: The romanian case. The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 40(1), 26. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhu049 Manion, M. (1996). Corruption by Design: Bribery in Chinese Enterprise Licensing. 12(1), 167–195. Manion, M. (1998). Correction to “Corruption by Design.” 14(1), 180–182. Manion, M. (2004). Corruption by design: Building clean government in mainland China and Hong Kong. Harvard University Press. Manion, M. (2014). What Is Corrupt? A Model of Unacceptable International Business Practices in China [Working Paper].

242

Manion, M. (2015). Institutional Design and Anti-Corruption in Mainland China. In Routledge handbook of political corruption (pp. 242–252). Routledge. Manna, R., & Palumbo, R. (2019). How to fight public corruption? Capturing evidence from a fixed effects model for Western European countries. International Journal of Organization Theory & Behavior, 22(4), 313–330. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOTB-11-2018-0123 Manning, P. K. (2009). Bad cops. Criminology & Public Policy, 8(4), 787–794. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9133.2009.00594.x Manning, T. J. (2015). Private equity and the FCPA: deal-making as reform mechanism.(Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977). Pepperdine Law Review, 42(2), 377–391. Mano, L. (2020). Understanding the Spirit of the Constitution on Corruption: Emoluments, Impeachment, and the Primacy of Political Virtue. The William and Mary Bill of Rights Journal, 28(3), 767–801. Mansour, S., Sadiraj, V., & Wallace, S. (n.d.). Political Institutions and Corruption: An Experimental Examination of the Right to Recall. Working paper. http://excen.gsu.edu/workingpapers/GSU_EXCEN_WP_2014-05.pdf Manz, C. C., Anand, V., Joshi, M., & Manz, K. P. (2008). Emerging paradoxes in executive leadership: A theoretical interpretation of the tensions between corruption and virtuous values. The Leadership Quarterly, 19(3), 385–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2008.03.009 Manzetti, L., & Blake, C. (1996). Market reforms and corruption in Latin America: New means for old ways. Review of International Political Economy, 3(4), 662–697. https://doi.org/10.1080/09692299608434376 Manzetti, L., & Wilson, C. J. (2006). Corruption, Economic Satisfaction, and Confidence in Government: Evidence from Argentina. Latin Americanist, 49(2), 131–139. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-203X.2006.tb00078.x Mao, Y., Wong, C.-S., & Peng, K. (2013). Breaking institutionalized corruption: Is the experience of the Hong Kong Independent Commission Against Corruption generalizable? Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 30(4), 1115–1124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-013-9351-y Maor, M. (2004). Feeling the Heat? Anticorruption Mechanisms in Comparative Perspective. Governance, 17(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0952-1895.2004.00235.x Marat, E. (2015). Global money laundering and its domestic political consequences in Kyrgyzstan. Central Asian Survey, 34(1), 46–56.

243

https://doi.org/10.1080/02634937.2015.1010854 Marberg, S. (2012). Promises of leniency: Whether companies should self-disclose violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 45(2), 557. Marceau, J. F. (2006). A little less conversation, a little more action: Evaluating and forecasting the trend of more frequent and severe prosecutions under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Fordham Journal of Corporate & Financial Law, 12(2), 285–310. Marcelo, S. (2007). Combating Corruption in the Philippines. In Controlling Corruption in Asia and the Pacific (pp. 37–43). Asian Development Bank. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.OECD_batch:9789264041363en Marcouiller, D., & Young, L. (1995). The Black Hole of Graft: The Predatory State and the Informal Economy. The American Economic Review, 85(3), 630–646. Marengo, F. D. (1986). The Link Between Political Corruption and Political Scandal. Corruption & Reform, 3, 65–79. Mariani, P. (n.d.). How Damages Recovery Actions Can Improve the Fight Against Corruption: The Crisis of Criminal Law Policies and the Role of Private Enforcement in an Italian Case of Judicial Corruption (Bocconi University Legal Studies Research Paper No. 2007241). http://poseidon01.ssrn.com/delivery.php?ID=68710106700810301702502900407708409 009605505804702304303108800710908710702908803112106105300000003309705211 607812603101909706600909401004501411611900412612307402509508704100110403 0021121084121088085106122082031105105004001105122064065011126103092124& EXT=pdf Marique, Y. (2014). Integrity in English and French Public Contracts: Changing Administrative Cultures? In Corruption and conflicts of interest: A comparative law approach (pp. 85–112). Edward Elgar PubLtd. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.GEN_batch:ELGAR01620140507 Marjit, S., Mandal, B., & Roy, S. (2014). Trade Openness, Corruption and Factor Abundance: Evidence from a Dynamic Panel. Review of Development Economics, 18(1), 45–58. https://doi.org/10.1111/rode.12068 Marjit, S., Mukherjee, V., & Mukherjee, A. (2000). Harassment, corruption and tax policy. European Journal of Political Economy, 16(1), 75–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0176-2680(99)00048-8 Marjit, S., Mukherjee, V., & Mukherjee, A. (2003). Harassment, corruption and tax policy: Reply. European Journal of Political Economy, 19(4), 899–900. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0176-2680(03)00047-8 244

Marjit, S., & Shi, H. (1998). On controlling crime with corrupt officials. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 34(1), 163–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2681(97)00040-1 Mark, G. (2012). Private FCPA Enforcement. American Business Law Journal, 49(3), 419–506. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-1714.2012.01137.x Markovska, A., & Adams, N. (2015). Political corruption and money laundering: Lessons from Nigeria. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 18(2), n/a. Markussen, T., & Tyran, J.-R. (2017). Choosing a public-spirited leader: An experimental investigation of political selection. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 144, 204–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2017.09.006 Marong, A. B. M. (2002). Toward a normative consensus against corruption: Legal effects of the principles to combat corruption in Africa. The Denver Journal of International Law and Policy, 30(2), 99–130. Marquette, H., & Doig, A. (2004). Drilling down to the detail: A case study into anti-corruption project records and record-keeping. Crime, Law and Social Change, 41(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CRIS.0000015322.44525.86 Marquette, Heather. (2001). Corruption, democracy and the World Bank. Crime, Law and Social Change, 36(4), 395–407. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012045700314 Marquette, Heather. (2004). The Creeping Politicisation of the World Bank: The Case of Corruption. Political Studies, 52(3), 413–430. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2004.00488.x Marquette, Heather. (2007). Civic education for combating corruption: Lessons from Hong Kong and the US for donor‐funded programmes in poor countries. Public Administration and Development, 27(3), 239–249. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.461 Marquette, Heather. (2011). Donors, State Building and Corruption: Lessons from Afghanistan and the implications for aid policy. Third World Quarterly, 32(10), 1871–1890. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2011.610587 Marquette, Heather. (2012). “Finding God” or “Moral Disengagement” in the Fight Against Corruption in Developing Countries? Evidence from India and Nigeria. Public Administration and Development, 32(1), 11–26. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.1605 Marquette, Heather. (2013). Corruption, Religion and Moral Development in Developing Countries. In Handbook of research on development and religion. Edward Elgar, 2013. Marquette, Heather. (2015). Religion, Ethics and Corruption: Field Evidence from India and Nigeria. In Routledge handbook of political corruption (pp. 315–327). Routledge. 245

Marquette, Heather, Pavarala, V., & Malik, K. K. (2014). Religion and attitudes towards corruption in India: A collective action problem? Development in Practice, 24(7), 854–866. https://doi.org/10.1080/09614524.2014.942215 Márquez, M., Salinas‐Jiménez, J., & Salinas‐Jiménez, M. D. M. (2011). Exploring differences in corruption: The role of neighboring countries. Journal of Economic Policy Reform, 14(1), 11–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/17487870.2011.534287 Marshall, A. (n.d.). What’s Yours Is Mine: New Actors and New Approaches to Asset Recovery in Global Corruption Cases (Center for Global Development Policy Paper 018). http://www.cgdev.org/sites/default/files/whats-yours-is-mine_0.pdf Martha Garcia-Murillo. (2010). The effect of internet access on government corruption. Electronic Government, an Int. J., 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1504/EG.2010.029889 Martí, C., & Kasperskaya, Y. (2015). Public Financial Management Systems and Countries’ Governance: A Cross-Country Study. Public Administration & Development, 35(3), 165. Martin, A. T. (1998). Corruption and Improper Payments: Global Trends and Applicable Laws. Alberta Law Review, 36, 416–1039. Martin, A. T. (1999). The Development of International Bribery Law. Natural Resources & Environment, 14(2), 95–102. Martin, A. T. (2002). International arbitration and corruption: An evolving standard.(International Energy and Minerals Arbitration). Mineral Law Series: Rocky Mountain Mineral Law Foundation, 2002(2), CH12. Martin, C. (2018). Maximum scrutiny. Public Finance, 10, 17–17. Martin, K., Cullen, J., Johnson, J., & Parboteeah, K. (2007). Deciding to bribe: A cross-level analysis of firm and home country influences on bribery activity. Academy Of Management Journal, 50(6), 1401–1422. Martin, K. D., Johnson, J. L., & Cullen, J. B. (2009). Organizational change, normative control deinstitutionalization, and corruption.(Author abstract)(Report). Business Ethics Quarterly, 19(1), 105. Martin, M. (2016). External quality assurance in higher education: How can it address corruption and other malpractices? Quality in Higher Education, 22(1), 49–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/13538322.2016.1144903 Martin, S. (1989). A Decade Of Branti Decisions: A Government Official’s Guide To Patronage Dismissals. American University Law Review, 39(1), 11–58. Martins, P. (n.d.). Cronyism (IZA Discussion Paper 5349). http://ftp.iza.org/dp5349.pdf

246

Marwah, H. (2018). Untangling government, market, and investment failure during the Nigerian oil boom: The Cement Armada scandal 1974–1980. Business History, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2018.1458839 Maryudi, A. (2016). Choosing timber legality verification as a policy instrument to combat illegal logging in Indonesia. Forest Policy and Economics, 68, 99–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2015.10.010 Mashaba, M. (2005). Organised Crime and Corruption – Fighting the Problem within the NEPAD Framework. African Security Review, 14(4), 109–112. https://doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2005.9627595 Mashali, B. (2012). Analyzing the relationship between perceived grand corruption and petty corruption in developing countries: Case study of Iran. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 78(4), 775–787. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852312455991 Masron, T. A., & Nor, E. (2013). FDI in ASEAN-8: Does institutional quality matter? Applied Economics Letters, 20(2), 186–189. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2012.687090 Masters, A. (2015). Corruption in sport: From the playing field to the field of policy. Policy and Society, 34(2), 111–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polsoc.2015.04.002 Masters, A. B., & Graycar, A. (2016). Making Corruption Disappear in Local Government. Public Integrity, 18(1), 42–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2015.1093400 Mastruzzi, M. (2010). The worldwide governance indicators: Methodology and analytical issues. The World Bank. http://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:5430 Matei, A., & Matei, L. (2008). “Globalisation of Corruption” and Development of the Binom “Corruption – Public Integrity” in the Context of Romania Integration into the European Union. Theoretical and Applied Economics, 02(519)(02(519)), 9–18. Matei, A., & Matei, L. (2011). Assessing the anti-corruption strategies: Theoretical and empirical models.(Author abstract)(Report). Journal of Management and Strategy, 2(1), 23. Matei, A., Matei, L., & Savulescu, C. (2010). Public Integrity, Economic Freedom and Governance Performance. A Comparative Study for the EU Member States and Acceding Countries. Theoretical and Applied Economics, 11(552)(11(552)), 21–52. Mathur, A., & Singh, K. (2013). Foreign direct investment, corruption and democracy. Applied Economics, 45(8), 991–1002. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2011.613786 Mathy, P. (2011). Honest services fraud after Skilling. St. Mary’s Law Journal, 42(3), 645–724. Matsushima, M., & Yamada, H. (2016). Impacts of Bribery in Healthcare in Vietnam. The Journal of Development Studies, 52(10), 1479–1498.

247

https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2015.1121241 Mattarella, B. G. (2014). The Conflicts of Interests of Public Officers: Rules, Checks and Penalties. In Corruption and conflicts of interest: A comparative law approach (pp. 30–38). Edward Elgar PubLtd. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.GEN_batch:ELGAR01620140507 Matukhno, N. (2015). Corruption, Contention, and Reform: The Power of Deep Democratization. Journal of Politics, 77(2), e11–e12. Mauro, P. (1995). Corruption and Growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110(3), 681. Mauro, P. (1997). Why worry about corruption? Washington, DC. Mauro, P. (1998). Corruption and the composition of government expenditure. Journal of Public Economics, 69(2), 263–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(98)00025-5 Mawani, A., & Trivedi, V. U. (2021). Collusive vs. Coercively corrupt tax auditors and their impact on tax compliance. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 100470-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2021.100470 Maxwell, A., & Winters, R. (2005). Political Corruption in America [Working Paper]. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.372.2930&rep=rep1&type=pdf Maxwell, D., Walker, P., church, C., Harvey, P., Savage, K., Bailey, S., Hees, R., & Ahlendorf, M.-L. (2008). Preventing Corruption in Humanitarian Assistance: Final Research Report. https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/1836.pdf May, J. W., Pyle, W., & Sommers, P. M. (2002). Does governance explain unofficial activity? Applied Economics Letters, 9(8), 537–539. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504850110100858 Mayfield, L. (1993). Voting Fraud in Early Twentieth-Century Pittsburgh. The Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 24(1), 59–84. https://doi.org/10.2307/205101 Mays, L. (2016). The Trickle Down Effect of Privacy Shield Uncertainty: Fluctuating Lines for Anti-Bribery Compliance. Journal of Internet Law, 19(10), 1–10. Mažar, N. (2008). The dishonesty of honest people a theory of self-concept maintenance. Journal of Marketing Research : JMR, 45(6), 633–644. Mazar, N., & Aggarwal, P. (2011). Greasing the palm: Can collectivism promote bribery? Psychological Science, 22(7), 843–848. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797611412389 Mazar, N., & Ariely, D. (2006). Dishonesty in Everyday Life and Its Policy Implications. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 25(1), 117–126.

248

Mazzacuva, F. (2014). Justifications and Purposes of Negotiated Justice for Corporate Offenders: Deferred and Non-Prosecution Agreements in the UK and US Systems of Criminal Justice. The Journal of Criminal Law, 78(3), 249–262. https://doi.org/10.1350/jcla.2014.78.3.921 Mbaku, J. (1991). Military expenditures and bureaucratic competition for rents. Public Choice, 71(1), 19–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00138447 Mbaku, J. (1996). Bureaucratic Corruption in Africa: The Futility of Cleanups. The Cato Journal, 16(1), 99. Mbaku, J. M. (1999). Corruption cleanups in developing societies: The public choice perspective. International Journal of Public Administration, 22(2), 309–345. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900699908525385 Mbaku, J. M. (2000). Bureaucratic and political corruption in Africa: The public choice perspective (Original ed.). Krieger PubCo. Mbaku, J., & Paul, C. (1989). Political instability in Africa: A rent-seeking approach. Public Choice, 63(1), 63–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00223272 Mcallister, I. (2000). Keeping them Honest: Public and Elite Perceptions of Ethical Conduct among Australian Legislators. Political Studies, 48(1), 22–37. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00248 Mcallister, I. (2014). Corruption and confidence in Australian political institutions. Australian Journal of Political Science, 49(2), 174–185. https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2014.880401 McAllister, I., & White, S. (2015). Electoral Integrity and Support for Democracy in Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion & Parties, 25(1), 78–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/17457289.2014.911744 McCabe, A., Ingram, R., & Dato-on, M. (2006). ‘The Business of Ethics and Gender.’ Journal of Business Ethics, 64(2), 101–116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-005-3327-x McCann, J. A. (2007). Corruption in the Eyes of American Citizens: Can it Ever be Justified? Does it Always Elicit Anger? (pp. 8–9) [Working Paper].

McCann, J. A., & Domı́nguez, J. I. (1998). Mexicans react to electoral fraud and political corruption: An assessment of public opinion and voting behavior. Electoral Studies, 17(4), 483–503. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-3794(98)00026-2 McCann, J., & Redlawsk, D. (2006). As Voters Go to the Polls, Will They Perceive a “Culture of Corruption”? PS: Political Science & Politics, 24(4), 797–802.

249

McCarthy, B. (1984). Keeping An Eye On The Keeper: Prison Corruption And Its Control. The Prison Journal, 64(2), 113–125. McCarthy, K. J., van Santen, P., & Fiedler, I. (2015). Modeling the money launderer: Microtheoretical arguments on anti-money laundering policy. International Review of Law & Economics, 43, 148–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irle.2014.04.006 McChesney, F. (2000). Ever the Twain Shall Meet. Michigan Law Review, 99, 1348. McChesney, F. S. (1987). Rent Extraction and Rent Creation in the Economic Theory of Regulation. The Journal of Legal Studies, 16(1), 101–118. https://doi.org/10.1086/467825 McCoy, J. L. (2001). The Emergence of a Global Anti-corruption Norm. International Politics, 38(1), 65. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ip.8892613 McCurley, C., & Mondak, J. J. (1995). Inspected by #1184063113: The influence of incumbents’ competence and integrity in U.S. House elections. American Journal of Political Science, 39(4), 864. McFarlane, J. (2000). Corruption and the financial sector: The strategic impact.(Asia-Pacific region)(The 18th Cambridge International Symposium on Economic Crime). Dickinson Journal of International Law, 19(1), 47–76. McFerson, H. M. (2009). Governance and Hyper-corruption in Resource-rich African Countries. Third World Quarterly, 30(8), 1529–1547. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436590903279257 McGee, R. W., & Benk, S. (2014). The Ethics of Accepting a Bribe: An Empirical Case Study of Turkey. Business & Law, 2(Journal Article), 58–63. McGirr, S. (2013). Deliberate Indiscretion: Why Bureaucratic Agencies are Differently Corrupt (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2299504). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2299504 McKinney, J., & Moore, C. (2008). International Bribery: Does a Written Code of Ethics Make a Difference in Perceptions of Business Professionals. Journal of Business Ethics, 79(1), 103–111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9395-3 McLaren, J. (2003). Corruption and the Organization of Tax Administration: Non-Smithian Benefits from Specialization, in Institutional Elements of Tax Design and Reform. The World Bank. http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/abs/10.1596/0-8213-5394-2 McLean, N. M. (2012). Cross-National Patterns in FCPA Enforcement. Yale Law Journal, 121, 1970–2405. McLeod, R. H. (2005). The struggle to regain effective government under democracy in

250

Indonesia. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 41(3), 367–386. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074910500117289 McMann, K. M. (2014). Corruption as a last resort: Adapting to the market in Central Asia. Cornell University Press. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.PMUSE_batch:muse3765620151126 McManus-Czubińska, C., Miller, W., Markowski, R., & Wasilewski, J. (2004). Why is corruption in Poland ``a serious cause for concern’’? Crime, Law and Social Change, 41(2), 107–132. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CRIS.0000016222.40146.4e McMillan, J. (1991). Dango: Japan’s Price-Fixing Conspiracies. Economics & Politics, 3(3), 201–218. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0343.1991.tb00047.x McMillan, J., & Zoido, P. (2002). How to Subvert Democracy: Montesinos in Peru. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 18(4), 69–92. https://doi.org/10.1257/0895330042632690 McPake, B., Asiimwe, D., Mwesigye, F., Ofumbi, M., Ortenblad, L., Streefland, P., & Turinde, A. (1999). Informal economic activities of public health workers in Uganda: Implications for quality and accessibility of care. Social Science & Medicine, 49(7), 849–865. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(99)00144-6 McWilliams, J. N. (2007). Tug of war: The World Bank’s new governance and anticorruption efforts. The Kansas Journal of Law & Public Policy, 17(1), 1–27. Meagher, P. (2005). Anti‐corruption agencies: Rhetoric Versus reality. The Journal of Policy Reform, 8(1), 69–103. https://doi.org/10.1080/1384128042000328950 Meagher, P. (2006). Prescription for abuse?: Pharmaceutical selection in Bulgarian healthcare. In Susan Rose-Ackerman (Ed.), International handbook on the economics of corruption (pp. 546–596). Edward Elgar. Mebane, W. (2011). Comment on “Benford’s Law and the Detection of Election Fraud.” Political Analysis, 19(3), 269. Mebane, W. R., Jr. (2008). Electoral Forensics: The Second-Digit Benford’s Law Test and Recent American Presidential Elections. In R. M. Alvarez, T. E. Hall, & S. D. Hyde (Eds.), Election fraud: Detecting and deterring electoral manipulation. Brookings Institution Press. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.PMUSE_batch:PMUSE350920151124 Medard, F. H. (1986). Public Corruption in Africa: A Comparative Perspective. 1(2), 115–132. Medard, J.-F. (2002). Corruption in the Neo-Patrimonial States of Sub-Saharan Africa. In A. J. Heidenheimer & M. Johnston, Political corruption: Concepts & contexts (3rd ed.). Transaction Publishers. 251

Medina, L. F., & Stokes, S. (2007). Monopoly and monitoring: An approach to political clientelism. In H. Kitschelt & S. I. Wilkinson (Eds.), Patrons, Clients, and Policies: Patterns of Democratic Accountability and Political Competition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Meehan, F., & Tacconi, L. (2017). A framework to assess the impacts of corruption on forests and prioritize responses. Land Use Policy, 60, 113–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.10.021 Meessen, K. M. (1995). Fighting corruption across the border. Fordham International Law Journal, 18(5), 1647–1652. Mehlum, H., Moene, K., & Torvik, R. (2006a). Cursed by Resources or Institutions? World Economy, 29(8), 1117–1131. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2006.00808.x Mehlum, H., Moene, K., & Torvik, R. (2006b). Institutions and the Resource Curse. Economic Journal, 116(508), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2006.01045.x Mehta, M. C. (2006). The accountability principle: Legal solutions to break corruption’s impact on India’s environment. Journal of Environmental Law and Litigation, 21(1), 141–156. Meier, K. J., & Holbrook, T. M. (1992). “I Seen My Opportunities and I Took 'Em:” Political Corruption in the American States. The Journal of Politics, 54(1), 135–155. https://doi.org/10.2307/2131647 Meier, K. J., & O’Toole, L. J. (2013). Subjective organizational performance and measurement error: Common source bias and spurious relationships. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 23(2), 429. Mejía Acosta, A. (2013). The Impact and Effectiveness of Accountability and Transparency Initiatives: The Governance of Natural Resources. Development Policy Review, 31, s89–s105. https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.12021 Melgar, N., Rossi, M., & Smith, T. W. (2010). The Perception of Corruption. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 22(1), 120–131. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edp058 Melo, L., & Quinn, M. A. (2015). Oil, Foreign Direct Investment and Corruption. The International Journal of Business and Finance Research, 9(1), 33–49. Melo, M. (2016). Crisis and Integrity in Brazil. Journal of Democracy, 27(2), 50–65. Melo, M. A., Leite, A. B., & Rocha, E. (2012). Competitive Corruption: Evidence from Randomized Brazilian Municipal Audits [Working Paper]. Melo, M. A., Leite, A. B., & Rocha, E. (2013). Muncipal Corruption: Multilevel Estimates of the

252

Effects of Checks and Political Competition in Brazil [Working Paper]. Melo, M. A., Pereira, C., & Figueiredo, C. M. (2009). Political and institutional checks on corruption: Explaining the performance of Brazilian audit institutions. Comparative Political Studies, 42(9), 1217–1244. Melville, A., Stukal, D., & Mironiuk, M. (2014). “King of the Mountain,” or Why Postcommunist Autocracies Have Bad Institutions. Russian Social Science Review, 55(4), 16–38. Memoli, V., & Pellegata, A. (2014). Corruption and EU Institutions: The Italians’ Opinion. Perspectives on European Politics and Society, 15(2), 165–182. https://doi.org/10.1080/15705854.2014.885771 Menaker, A. J. (2010). The Determinative Impact of Fraud and Corruption on Investment Arbitrations. ICSID Review, 25(1), 67–75. https://doi.org/10.1093/icsidreview/25.1.67 Mendez, F. (2014). Can corruption foster regulatory compliance? Public Choice, 158(1–2), 189. Méndez, F., & Sepúlveda, F. (2006). Corruption, growth and political regimes: Cross country evidence. European Journal of Political Economy, 22(1), 82–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2005.04.005 Méndez, F., & Sepúlveda, F. (2010). What Do We Talk About When We Talk About Corruption? The Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization, 26(3), 493–514. https://doi.org/10.1093/jleo/ewp003 Menes, R. (2006). Limiting the Reach of the Grabbing Hand: Graft and Growth in American Cities, 1880 to 1930. University of Chicago Press. Menezes, B. S. (2015). Bureaucratic corruption and entrepreneurship: An empirical analysis of Brazilian states. Revista de Administração Contemporanea, 19(3), 374–397. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-7849rac20151611 Menezes, F. M., & Monteiro, P. K. (2006). Corruption and auctions. The Journal of Mathematical Economics, 42(1), 97. Mensah, Y. M. (2014). An Analysis of the Effect of Culture and Religion on Perceived Corruption in a Global Context. Journal of Business Ethics, 121(2), 255–282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1696-0 Meny, Y. (1996). “Fin de siecle” corruption: Change, crisis and shifting values. International Social Science Journal, 48(3), 309. Méon, P.-G., & Sekkat, K. (2005). Does corruption grease or sand the wheels of growth? Public Choice, 122(1), 69–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-005-3988-0

253

Méon, P.-G., & Weill, L. (2010). Is Corruption an Efficient Grease? World Development, 38(3), 244–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.06.004 Mesmer-Magnus, J., & Viswesvaran, C. (2005). Whistleblowing in Organizations: An Examination of Correlates of Whistleblowing Intentions, Actions, and Retaliation. Journal of Business Ethics, 62(3), 277–297. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-005-0849-1 Messick, D., & Bazerman, M. (1996). Ethical Leadership and Psychology of Decision Making. Sloan Management Review, 37(2), 9. Messick, R. (2011). Curbing fraud, corruption, and collusion in the roads sector (No. 64283; pp. 1–61). The World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2011/06/14893212/curbing-fraud-corruption- collusion-roads-sector Messick, R. E. (n.d.-a). Income and assets declarations: Issues to consider in developing a disclosure regime (U4 Issues Paper 2009:6). Retrieved June 29, 2016, from http://www.u4.no/publications/income-and-assets-declarations-issues-to-consider-in-deve loping-a-disclosure-regime/ Messick, R. E. (n.d.-b). Policy considerations when drafting conflict of interest legislation. In J.-B. Auby, E. Breen, & T. Perroud (Eds.), Corruption and Conflicts of Interest: A Comparative Law Approach (pp. 112–123). Edward Elgar. Mestre, J. (2015). A bribe new world: The federal government gets creative in chasing foreign officials for taking bribes. University of Florida Journal of Law and Public Policy, 26(1), 1–25. Metzger, M., Dalton, D., & Hill, J. (1993). The Organization of Ethics and the Ethics of Organizations. Business Ethics Quarterly : The Journal of the Society for Business Ethics, 3(1), 27. Meyer, B., van Roomen, T., & Sikkema, E. (2014). Corporate Criminal Liability for Corruption Offences and the Due Diligence Defence: A Comparison of the Dutch and English Legal Frameworks. Utrecht Law Review, 10(3), 37–54. Meyer, M. E., Steyn, J., & Gopal, N. (2013). Exploring the public parameter of police integrity. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 36(1), 140–156. https://doi.org/10.1108/13639511311302515 Meyer, O. (2013). The Formation of a Transnational Order Public against Corruption: Lessons for and from Arbitral Tribunals. In Susan Rose-Ackerman & P. D. Carrington, Anti-Corruption Policy: Can International Actors Play a Constructive Role? (pp. 229–246). Carolina Academic Press, 2013.

254

Meyers, G. (2018). Ethics in the Tanzanian Public Service Reform Program during President Benjamin Mkapa’s Reign (1995-2005). Journal of Leadership, Accountability and Ethics, 15(3), 109–121. Mi, Z., & Liu, Q. (2014). Income inequality, fiscal redistribution, and governmental corruption: Evidence from Chinese provincial data. Journal of Developing Areas, 48(4), 119. Mialtu, M., Nedelcu, C., & Banacu, C. (2015). The Balance of Accessing European Funds the End of 2014: The Influence of Corruption on Absorbed E.U. Funds in Romania. Management Research and Practice, 7(2), 34–46. Miceli, M. P., & Near, J. P. (2002). What makes whistle-blowers effective? Three field studies. Human Relations, 55(4), 455–479. Michael, B. (2004). The Rise and Fall of the Anti-Corruption Industry: Toward Second Generation Anti-Corruption Reforms in Central and Eastern Europe. Open Society Institute. Michael, B. (2014). Can the Hong Kong ICAC Help Reduce Corruption on the Mainland? 2, 78–119. Michael, Bryane. (2004a). Explaining organizational change in international development: The role of complexity in anti‐corruption work. Journal of International Development, 16(8), 1067–1088. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.1126 Michael, Bryane. (2004b). What Do African Donor‐sponsored Anti‐corruption Programmes Teach Us about International Development in Africa? Social Policy & Administration, 38(4), 320–345. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9515.2004.00394.x Michael, Bryane. (2006). Depoliticizing Anti-Corruption in Bolivia: Local International Intervention and the State. International Journal of Public Administration, 29(13), 1311–1336. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900690600928136 Michael, Bryane. (2010). Issues in Anti-Corruption Law: Drafting Implementing Regulations for Anti-Corruption Conventions in Central Europe and the Former Soviet Union. Journal of Legislation, 36(2), 272–296. Michael, Bryane. (2012). Activist Regulatory Practices in Corruption Prevention: A Case Study from Montenegro. In A. Graycar & R. G. Smith (Eds.), Handbook of Global Research and Practice in Corruption. Edward Elgar. Michael, Bryane. (2015). Making Hong Kong companies liable for foreign corruption. Journal of Financial Crime, 22(1), 126. Michael, Bryane, & Carr, I. (2015). How can the ICAC help foster the widespread adoption of company anticorruption programs in Hong Kong? North Carolina Journal of 255

International Law and Commercial Regulation, 40(2), 355–441. Michael P. Van Alstine. (2012). Treaty Double Jeopardy: The OECD Anti-Bribery Convention and the FCPA. Ohio State Law Journal, 73, 1321–1485. Michailova, J., & Melnykovska, I. (2009). Gender, Corruption and Sustainable Growth in Transition Countries. Journal of Applied Economic Sciences (JAES), 4(3). Michener, G. (2015). Policy Evaluation via Composite Indexes: Qualitative Lessons from International Transparency Policy Indexes. World Development; World Dev., 74(Journal Article), 184–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.04.016 Miettinen, T., & Poutvaara, P. (2014). A market for connections. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF POLITICAL ECONOMY, 33(Journal Article), 37–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2013.11.003 Mietzner, M. (2015). Dysfunction by Design: Political Finance and Corruption in Indonesia. Critical Asian Studies, 47(4), 587–610. https://doi.org/10.1080/14672715.2015.1079991 Migliorisi, S., & Wescott, C. (2011). Review of World Bank Support for Accountability Institutions in the Contract of Governance and Anti-Corruption (IEG Working Paper 2011/5). World Bank. https://www.google.com/search?q=Review+of+World+Bank+Support+for+Accountabilit y+Institutions+in+the+Contract+of+Governance+and+Anti-Corruption&ie=utf-8&oe=utf -8 Miguel, E., & Gugerty, M. K. (2005). Ethnic diversity, social sanctions, and public goods in Kenya. Journal of Public Economics, 89(11), 2325–2368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2004.09.004 Mijiyawa, A. (2017). Drivers of Structural Transformation: The Case of the Manufacturing Sector in Africa. World Development, 99, 141. Milanovic, B., Hoff, K., & Horowitz, S. (2010). Turnover in Power as a Restraint on Investing in Influence: Evidence from the Postcommunist Transition. Economics & Politics, 22(3), 329–361. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0343.2010.00365.x Miles, C. A. (2012). Corruption, Jurisdiction and Admissibility in International Investment Claims. Journal of International Dispute Settlement, 3(2), 329–369. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnlids/idr017 Miles, M. R. (2015). Turnout as Consent: How Fair Governance Encourages Voter Participation. Political Research Quarterly, 68(2), 363–376. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912915573282 Miller, A. (2004). Corruption Between Morality and Legitimacy in the Context of Globalization. 256

In I. Pardo, Between morality and the law: Corruption, anthropology and comparative society (pp. 53–68). Ashgate. Miller, K. D. (2002). The Hobbs Act, the interstate commerce clause, and United States v. McFarland: The irrational aggregation of independent local robberies to sustain federal convictions. Tulane Law Review, 76(5 6), 1761–1774. Miller, W. (2006). Perceptions, Experience and Lies: What Measures Corruption and What Do Corruption Measures Measure? In C. J. G. Sampford, Measuring corruption (pp. 169–185). Ashgate. Miller, William L. (2006). Corruption and corruptibility. World Development, 34(2), 371–380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.03.008 Miller, William L., Grødeland, Å. B., & Koshechkina, T. Y. (2002). Values & norms versus extortion & temptation. In D. Della Porta & S. Rose-Ackerman (Eds.), Corrupt Exchanges: Empirical Themes in the Politics and the Political Economy of Corruption (pp. 165–193). Miller, William Lockley, Grødeland, Å. B., & Koshechkina, T. Y. (2001). A culture of corruption?: Coping with government in post-communist Europe. Central European University Press. Mills, D., & Weisberg, R. (2008). Corrupting the Harm Requirement in White Collar Crime. Stanford Law Review, 60(5), 1371–1446. Milovanovitch, M., Denisova-Schmidt, E., & Anapiosyan, A. (2020). Conflict of Interest in Eastern Europe: Academic Capture. In Corruption in Higher Education (pp. 70–74). Brill Sense. https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789004433885/BP000013.xml Milyo, J. (2014). Corporate Influence and Political Corruption. Independent Review, 19(1), 19–36. Minkov, M. (2016). Predictors of Societal Accident Proneness Across 92 Countries. 50(2), 103–122. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069397115626139 Minovic, M., Milovanovic, M., Stavljanin, V., Draskovic, B., & Lazic, D. (2014). Semantic technologies on the mission: Preventing corruption in public procurement. Computers in Industry, 65(5), 878–890. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2014.02.003 Mironov, M. (2005). Bad Corruption, Good Corruption and Growth [Working Paper]. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228374181_Bad_Corruption_Good_Corruption _and_Growth Misangyi, V. F. (2008). Ending corruption the interplay among institutional logics, resources, and institutional entrepreneurs. The Academy of Management Review : AMR, 33(3), 257

750–770. Mishra, A. (2002). Hierarchies, incentives and collusion in a model of enforcement. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 47(2), 165–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2681(01)00201-3 Mishra, A. (2005). The economics of corruption. Oxford University Press. Mishra, A. (2006a). Corruption, hierarchies and bureaucratic structure. In Susan Rose-Ackerman (Ed.), International handbook on the economics of corruption (pp. 189–215). Mishra, A. (2006b). Persistence of corruption: Some theoretical perspectives. World Development, 34(2), 349–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.03.010 Mishra, A., & Samuel, A. (2016). Corruption and hold-up: The role of intermediaries. European Journal of Law and Economics, 41(3), 575–599. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10657-015-9503-2 Mishra, P., Subramanian, A., & Topalova, P. (2008). Tariffs, enforcement, and customs evasion: Evidence from India. Journal of Public Economics, 92(10), 1907–1925. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2008.04.017 Mishra, S. S., & Abdullahi, M. M. (2020). Citizens’ Satisfaction with Government in a Highly Corrupt Public Life: Role of Trust in Democracy and Civil Society Participation in Somalia. Journal of Asian and African Studies (Leiden), 55(5), 002190961990019–002190961990779. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909619900193 Mispansyah, M. (2018). A Comparison Approach in Corruption Eradication: An Empirical Examination. Hasanuddin Law Review, 4(2), 219–232. https://doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v4i2.1077 Mistree, D. (2015). Party-Directed Corruption in the Developing World. Comparative Politics, 47(3), 1. Mistry, J. J., & Jalal, A. (2012). An Empirical Analysis of the Relationship between e-government and Corruption. International Journal of Digital Accounting Research, 12(18), 145–176. Mitchell, P. (2000). Voters and their representatives: Electoral institutions and delegation in parliamentary democracies. European Journal of Political Research, 37(3), 335–351. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007025105144 Mitchell, Z., Merrington, S., & Bell, P. (2014). A Comparative Analysis of the OECD Anti-Corruption Models (Asia & Europe) And Australia’s Existing Anti-Corruption Platform. International Journal of Business and Commerce, 4(3), 1–23.

258

Mitra, S. (2012). Corruption Re-examined. Trade and Development Review, 5(1). http://www.tdrju.net/index.php/tdr/article/view/61 Mitsilegas, V. (2013). The aims and limits of European Union anti-corruption law. In J. Horder & P. Alldridge (Eds.), Modern Bribery Law (pp. 160–195). Cambridge University Press. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781139088398A017 Mixon, F., Laband, D., & Ekelund, R. (1994). Rent seeking and hidden in-kind resource distortion: Some empirical evidence. Public Choice, 78(2), 171–185. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01050393 Mizoguchi, T., & Van Quyen, N. (2014). Corruption in Public Procurement Market. Pacific Economic Review, 19(5), 577–591. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0106.12084 Mo, P. H. (2001). Corruption and Economic Growth. Journal of Comparative Economics, 29(1), 66–79. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcec.2000.1703 Mocan, N. (2008). What Determines Corruption? International Evidence from Microdata. Economic Inquiry, 46(4), 493–510. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.2007.00107.x Mock, G. (2003). Undue Influence: Corruption and Natural Resources. www.ibrarian.net/.../Undue_Influence__Corruption_and_Natural_Resources.pdf? Moene, K., & Soreide, T. (2015). Good Governance Facades. In Susan Rose-Ackerman, Greed, corruption, and the modern state: Essays in political economy (pp. 46–70). Edward Elgar PubLimited. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.GEN_batch:978178471470320151028 Mohamed, M. R., Kaliappan, S. R., Ismail, N. W., & Azman-Saini, W. N. W. (2015). Effect of foreign aid on corruption: Evidence from Sub-Saharan African countries. International Journal of Social Economics, 42(1), 47. Mohamedbhai, G. (2020). The Scourge of Fraud and Corruption in Higher Education. In Corruption in Higher Education (pp. 138–143). Brill Sense. https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789004433885/BP000025.xml Mohammed, M. A., Eman, Y., Hussein, A. H., & Hasson, A. R. (2015). E-government Factors to Reduce Administrative and Finance Corruption in Arab Countries: Case Study Iraqi Oil Sector. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1691(Journal Article), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4937040 Mohtadi, H., & Roe, T. L. (2003). Democracy, rent seeking, public spending and growth. Journal of Public Economics, 87(3), 445–466. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(01)00135-9 Moiseienko, A. (2015). “No safe haven”: Denying entry to the corrupt as a new anti- corruption 259

policy. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 18(4), 400–410. Mokhtari, M., & Ashtari, M. (2012). Reducing informal payments in the health care system: Evidence from a large patient satisfaction survey. Journal of Asian Economics, 23(2), 189–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2011.11.008 Mokhtari, M., & Grafova, I. (2007). Corruption: Theory and evidence from the Russian Federation. Economic Systems, 31(4), 412–422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecosys.2007.04.003 Moldovan, A., & Van de Walle, S. (2013). Gifts or Bribes?: Attitudes on Informal Payments in Romanian Health Care. Public Integrity, 15(4), 385–402. https://doi.org/10.2753/PIN1099-9922150404 Molina, E., Carella, L., Pacheco, A., Cruces, G., & Gasparini, L. (2017). Community monitoring interventions to curb corruption and increase access and quality in service delivery: A systematic review. Journal of Development Effectiveness, 9(4), 462–499. https://doi.org/10.1080/19439342.2017.1378243 Molinari, M. (2014). A Second Best Theory of Institutional Quality. Public Organization Review, 14(4), 545–559. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-013-0244-9 Møller, J., & Skaaning, S.-E. (2009). Post-Communist Corruption: In a League of its Own? Australian Journal of Political Science, 44(4), 721–730. https://doi.org/10.1080/10361140903296610 Mombeuil, C. (2020). Institutional conditions, sustainable energy, and the UN sustainable development discourse: A focus on Haiti. Journal of Cleaner Production, 254, 120153-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120153 Monahan, S., & Quinn, B. (2006). Beyond “bad apples” and “weak leaders”: Toward a neo-institutional explanation of organizational devia. Theoretical Criminology, 10(3), 361–385. Mondak, J. J. (1995). Competence, Integrity, and the Electoral Success of Congressional Incumbents. The Journal of Politics, 57(4), 1043–1069. https://doi.org/10.2307/2960401 Monteiro, J., & Ferraz, C. (2010). Does Oil Make Leaders Unaccountable? Evidence from Brazil s offshore oil boom [Working Paper]. http://docplayer.net/116682-Does-oil-make-leaders-unaccountable-evidence-from-brazil- s-offshore-oil-boom.html Monteith, C. (2013). Bribery and corruption: The UK framework for enforcement. In J. Horder & P. Alldridge (Eds.), Modern Bribery Law (pp. 251–266). Cambridge University Press. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781139088398A021

260

Montes, G. C., & Paschoal, P. C. (2015). Corruption: What are the effects on government effectiveness? Empirical evidence considering developed and developing countries. Applied Economics Letters, Journal Article, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2015.1058900 Montinola, Gabriella, Weingast, B. R., & Qian, Y. (1995). Federalism, Chinese Style: The Political Basis for Economic Success in China. World Politics, 48(1), 50–81. Montinola, Gabriellar. (1994). The foundations of political corruption: Insights from the Philippine case. Asian Journal of Political Science, 2(1), 86–113. https://doi.org/10.1080/02185379408434035 Montinola, Gr, & Jackman, R. W. (2002). Sources of corruption: A cross-country study. British Journal Of Political Science, 32, 147–170. Moody-Stuart, G. (1994). The Good Business Guide to Bribery: Grand Corruption in Third World Development. Moohr, G. (1994). Mail fraud and the intangible rights doctrine: Someone to watch over us. Harvard Journal on Legislation, 31, 153–209. Mookherjee, D. (1992). Monitoring vis-à-vis investigation in enforcement of law. American Economic Review, 82(3), 556–556. Mookherjee, D. (1995). Corruptible law enforcers: How should they be compensated? The Economic Journal : The Journal of the Royal Economic Society, 105(428), 145–159. Moon, Y.-L., & McLean, G. N. (2003). The Nature of Corruption Hidden in Culture: The Case of Korea. In J. Kidd & F.-J. Richter, Fighting Corruption in Asia (pp. 297–315). WORLD SCIENTIFIC. http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/9789812795397_0012 Moore, C. (2008). Moral Disengagement in Processes of Organizational Corruption. Journal of Business Ethics, 80(1), 129–139. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9447-8 Moore, D., Tetlock, P., Tanlu, L., & Bazerman, M. (2006). Conflicts of interest and the case of auditor independence: Moral seduction and strategic issue cycling. Academy Of Management Review, 31(1), 10–29. Moore, E. C. (n.d.). Causes of Demand for International Bribery. Electronic Journal of Business Ethics & Organization Studies, 12(2), 18–23. Moore, M. (2001). Political Underdevelopment: What causes ‘bad governance.’ Public Management Review, 3(3), 385–418. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616670110050020 Moore, M. (2004). Revenues, State Formation, and the Quality of Governance in Developing

261

Countries. International Political Science Review/Revue Internationale de Science Politique, 25(3), 297–319. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512104043018 Moran, J. (2001). Democratic transitions and forms of corruption. Crime, Law and Social Change, 36(4), 379–393. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012072301648 Moran, Jon. (1999). Bribery and Corruption: The OECD Convention on Combating the Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions. Business Ethics: A European Review, 8(3), 141–150. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8608.00142 Moran, Jonathan. (n.d.). Corruption and NIC development: A case study of South Korea. Crime, Law and Social Change, 29(2–3), 161–177. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008344718274 Moreno, A. (2002). Corruption and Democracy: A Cultural Assessment. Comparative Sociology, 1(3–4), 495–507. https://doi.org/10.1163/156913302100418556 Moreno, E. (2016). Improving the Democratic Brand Through Institution Building: Ombudsmen and Corruption in Latin America, 2000–2011. Latin American Policy, 7(1), 126–146. https://doi.org/10.1111/lamp.12094 Moroff, H. (2004). A polychromatic turn in corruption research? Crime, Law and Social Change, 42(1), 83–97. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CRIS.0000041037.22694.0b Moroff, H., & Schmidt-Pfister, D. (2010). Anti-corruption movements, mechanisms, and machines – an introduction. Global Crime, 11(2), 89–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/17440571003669118 Morris, C. (2015). An international study on public confidence in police. Police Practice and Research, 16(5), 416–430. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2014.951935 Morris, J., & Polese, A. (2016). Informal health and education sector payments in Russian and Ukrainian cities: Structuring welfare from below. European Urban and Regional Studies, 23(3), 481–496. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969776414522081 Morris, S. (1991). Corruption and politics in contemporary Mexico. Morris, S. D. (n.d.). Corruption in Latin America: An Empirical Overview. SECOLAS Annals, 36, 74–92. Morris, S. D. (2011). Forms of corruption. CESifo DICE Report : Journal for Institutional Comparisons ; the International Platform of Ludwig-Maximilians University’s Center for Economic Studies and the Ifo Institute for Economic Research, 9(2), 10–14. Morris, S. D., & Blake, C. H. (2009). Corruption and Democracy at the State Level in Mexico. In Corruption and democracy in Latin America (pp. 169–192). University of Pittsburgh Press.

262

Morris, S. D., & Klesner, J. L. (2010). Corruption and trust: Theoretical considerations and evidence from Mexico. Comparative Political Studies, 43(10), 1258–1285. Morrison, P. J. (2016). An Anti-Corruption Checkup: Capability Maturity Models Can Help Organizations Assess the Effectiveness of Anti-Corruption Programs. Internal Auditor, 73(3), 47. Morrissey, D. (2007). The fight against corruption by international organizations. The George Washington International Law Review, 39(1), 165–198. Morrissey, O., & Udomkerdmongkol, M. (2012). Governance, Private Investment and Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries. World Development, 40(3), 437–445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.07.004 Morrow, J. D., & Bueno de Mesquita, B. (2003). The logic of political survival. MIT Press. Morse, S. (2006). Is Corruption Bad for Environmental Sustainability? A Cross-National Analysis. Ecology and Society, 11(1), 1. Moschovis, G. (2010). Public Spending Allocation, Fiscal Performance and Corruption. Economic Papers: A Journal of Applied Economics and Policy, 29(1), 64–79. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-3441.2010.00048.x Moser, C. (n.d.). Conflict of interests of government members and the risk of corruption: An assessment of pre-revolutionary Tunisia and Egypt. In J.-B. Auby & B (Eds.), Corruption and Conflicts of Interest: A Comparative Law Approach. Moss, T., Pettersson, G., & van de Walle, N. (2006). An Aid-Institutions Paradox? A Review Essay on Aid Dependency and State Building in Sub-Saharan Africa [IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc]. Moyer, H. (2004). The Role of Law in Combating Official Corruption: Recent U.S. Enforcement and Evolving International Standards. American Society of International Law. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting, 169–179. Muazu Ibrahim, Emmanuel Kumi, & Yeboah, T. (2015). Greasing or sanding the wheels? Effect of corruption on economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa. African J.of Economic and Sustainable Development, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.1504/AJESD.2015.069858 Mubangizi, J. C., & Sewpersadh, P. (2017). A Human Rights-based Approach to Combating Public Procurement Corruption in Africa. African Journal of Legal Studies, 10(1), 66–90. https://doi.org/10.1163/17087384-12340015 Mudhai, F. (n.d.). Time to Harvest? Media, Corruption and Elections in Kenya. International Journal of Communication Ethics, 4(4), 30–35.

263

Muffler, S. (1995). Proposing a treaty on the prevention of international corrupt payments: Cloning the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act is not the answer. ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law, 1(1), 3–39. Mugarura, N. (2016). Uncoupling the relationship between corruption and money laundering crimes. Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, 24(1), 74–89. Muir, S. (2016). On Historical Exhaustion: Argentine Critique in an Era of “Total Corruption.” 58(1), 129–158. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0010417515000596 Mujtaba, B. (2013). Bribery and Wealth in the ASEAN Community. In Capitalism and Its Challenges Across Borders: Perspectives from the Asian, African and American Continent. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256995770_Bribery_and_Wealth_in_the_ASE AN_Community Mujtaba, B. G., Cavico, F. J., Mcclelland, R. J., & Williamson, P. (2013). A Study of Bribery and Wealth in the ASEAN Community Based on the Corruption Perception Index Scores and GNP per Capita. ResearchGate, 3(1), 576–597. Mujtaba, B., Williamson, P., Cavico, F., & Mcclelland, B. (2013). Managing the Link Between Bribery and Wealth Based on Corruption Perception Index (CPI) and Gross National Product (GNP) per Capita. Journal of Management Policy and Practice, 14(3), 100–115. Mukwiri, J. (2015). British law on corporate bribery. Journal of Financial Crime, 22(1), 16–16. Mulgan, R., & Wanna, J. (2012). Developing Cultures of Integrity in the Public and Private Sectors. In A. Graycar & R. G. Smith (Eds.), Handbook of Global Research and Practice in Corruption. Edward Elgar. Muma, M. W. (2014). Toward greater guidance: Reforming the definitions of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.(defining a “foreign official”). Michigan Law Review, 112(7), 1337. Munger, M. (2018). Tullock and the welfare costs of corruption: There is a “political Coase Theorem.” Public Choice, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-018-0610-9 Munger, M. C. (2018). On The Contingent Vice of Corruption. Social Philosophy and Policy, 35(2), 158–181. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0265052519000153 Mungiu‐Pippidi, A. (2005). Deconstructing Balkan particularism: The ambiguous social capital of Southeastern Europe. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 5(1), 49–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/1468385042000328367 Mungiu-Pippidi, A. (2013). Becoming Denmark: Historical Designs of Corruption Control. Social Research, 80(4), 1259–1286. 264

Mungiu‐Pippidi, A. (2016). Public Integrity and Trust in Europe. https://www.government.nl/documents/reports/2016/01/18/public-integrity-and-trust-in-e urope Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina. (2006). Corruption: Diagnosis and Treatment. Journal of Democracy, 17(3), 86–99. Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina. (2011). Contextual Choices in Fighting Corruption: Lessons Learned. Norwegian Agency for International Development. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2042021 Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina. (2013a). Controlling Corruption Through Collective Action. Journal of Democracy, 24(1), 101–115. Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina. (2013b). FOIA as an Anticorruption Tool [Working Paper]. www.againstcorruption.eu/wp-content/.../WP-34-FOIA-as-an-anti-corruption-tool1.pdf. Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina. (2013c). The Good, the Bad and the Ugly: Controlling Corruption in the European Union [Working Paper]. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/296624715_The_Good_the_Bad_and_the_Ugly _Controlling_Corruption_in_the_European_Union Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina. (2014). Of Virtuous Circles: Modeling Control of Corruption Beyond Modernization [Working Paper]. Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2452615 Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina. (2015a). Corruption: Good governance powers innovation. Nature, 518(7539), 295–297. Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina. (2015b). The quest for good governance: How societies develop control of corruption. Cambridge University Press, 2015. Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina. (2016a). Learning from Virtuous Circles. Journal of Democracy, 27(1), 95–109. Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina. (2016b). The Quest for Good Governance: Learning from Virtuous Circles. Journal of Democracy, 27(1), 95–109. Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina, & Dusu, A. E. (2011). Civil society and control of corruption: Assessing governance of Romanian public universities. International Journal of Educational Development, 31(5), 526–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2010.03.016 Mungiu-Pippidi, Alina, & Johnston, M. (2017). Transitions to Good Governance: Creating Virtuous Circles of Anti-corruption. Edward Elgar Publishing. Muno, W. (2013). Clientelist corruption networks: Conceptual and empirical approaches.

265

Zeitschrift Für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft, 7(1), 33–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12286-013-0156-7 Muñoz, J., Anduiza, E., & Gallego, A. (2016). Why do voters forgive corrupt mayors? Implicit exchange, credibility of information and clean alternatives. Local Government Studies, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/03003930.2016.1154847 Muralidharan, K., Das, J., Holla, A., & Mohpal, A. (2017). The fiscal cost of weak governance: Evidence from teacher absence in India. Journal Of Public Economics, 145, 116–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2016.11.005 Muralidharan, Karthik, & Sundararaman, V. (2011). Teacher Performance Pay: Experimental Evidence from India. Journal of Political Economy, 119(1), 39–77. https://doi.org/10.1086/659655 Muratbekova-Touron, M., & Umbetalijeva, T. (2019). Human Resource Management Patterns of (Anti) Corruption Mechanisms within Informal Networks. Business & Professional Ethics Journal, 38(2), 177. https://doi.org/10.5840/bpej201961880 Murphy, M. J. (1995). International bribery: An example of an unfair trade practice? Brooklyn Journal of International Law, 21(2), 385–424. Murray, C. K., & Frijters, P. (2015). Clean Money in a Dirty System: Relationship Networks and Land Rezoning in Queensland (IZA Discussion Paper No. 9028). Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). https://ideas.repec.org/p/iza/izadps/dp9028.html Murtazashvili, J. (2015). Gaming the state: Consequences of contracting out state building in Afghanistan. Central Asian Survey, 34(1), 78–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/02634937.2015.1014162 Musa, P., Meso, P., & Mbarika, V. (2005). Toward Sustainable Adoption of Technologies for Human Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: Precursors, Diagnostics, and Prescriptions. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 15, 1. Musila, Jacob W. (2013). Does Democracy Have a Different Impact on Corruption in Africa? Journal of African Business, 14(3), 162–170. Musila, Jacob Wanjala, & Sigué, S. P. (2010). Corruption and International Trade: An Empirical Investigation of African Countries. World Economy, 33(1), 129–146. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2009.01208.x Mutalib, H. M. (2017). The other side of Malaysia’s enviable economic and multiethnic stability: The obstinate resilience of “money politics.” Asian Ethnicity, 18(1), 54–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/14631369.2015.1038777 Mutascu, M. (2010). Corruption, Social Welfare, Culture and Religion in European Union 27. 266

Transition Studies Review, 16(4), 908–917. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11300-009-0118-6 Mutebi, A. M. (2008). Explaining the Failure of Thailand’s Anti‐corruption Regime. Development and Change, 39(1), 147–171. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7660.2008.00472.x Muzila, L. (2012). On the take: Criminalizing illicit enrichment to fight corruption. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank. Myers, R. E. I. (2012). Who Watches the Watchers in Public Corruption Cases? University of Chicago Legal Forum, 2012, 13–463. Myerson, R. B. (1993). Effectiveness of Electoral Systems for Reducing Government Corruption: A Game-Theoretic Analysis. Games and Economic Behavior, 5(1), 118–132. https://doi.org/10.1006/game.1993.1006 Myerson, R. B. (2006). Bipolar Multicandidate Elections with Corruption. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 108(4), 727–742. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9442.2006.00469.x Myint. (2002). Corruption: Causes, Consequences and Cures. Journal of the Social Sciences, 30(2), 257–284. Myklebust, J. P. (2020). Rigging of Academic Positions in the Most Democratic Country in the World. In Corruption in Higher Education (pp. 57–64). Brill Sense. https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789004433885/BP000011.xml Myles, G. D., & Yousefi, H. (2015). Corruption and Seigniorage. Journal of Public Economic Theory, 17(4), 480–503. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpet.12119 Myrdal, G. (1968). Corruption—Its Causes and Effects. In Asian drama: An inquiry into the poverty of nations. (pp. 937–958). Pantheon. Nabin, M., & Bose, G. (2008). Partners in crime: Collusive corruption and search. B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis and Policy, 8(1). Nadeau-Séguin, S. (2013). Commercial Arbitration and Corrupt Practices: Should Arbitrators Be Bound By A Duty to Report Corrupt Practices? Transnational Dispute Management (TDM), 10(3). https://www.transnational-dispute-management.com/article.asp?key=1963 Nadipuram, A. (n.d.). Is the OECD the Answer? It’s Only Part of the Solution. Journal of Corporation Law, 38, 635–657. Nagavarapu, S., & Sekhri, S. (2016). Informal monitoring and enforcement mechanisms in public service delivery: Evidence from the public distribution system in India. Journal of Development Economics; J.Dev.Econ., 121(Journal Article), 63–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2016.01.006

267

Nagin, D. S., & Pogarsky, G. (2003). An Experimental Investigation of Deterrence: Cheating, Self-Serving Bias, and Impulsivity. Criminology, 41(1), 167–194. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2003.tb00985.x Naidoo, V. (2013). The politics of anti-corruption enforcement in South Africa. Journal of Contemporary African Studies, 31(4), 523–542. Naidu, S., & Chand, A. (2014). Exploring the relationship between freedom from corruption and business governance in the Oceania region. Quality and Quantity, 48(6), 3489–3509. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-013-9969-3 Naim, M. (2005). Bad medicine: The war on corruption is leaving the world worse than we found it. Foreign Policy, 147, 96. Nakahara, S. (2015). Light in the darkness: Understanding the future directions of organizational corruption. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 18(1), 104. Nakayama, Y. (2006). The Development of Political Clientalism in 20th-Century France: Party Networks and Patterns of ‘Voter Loyalization.’ In Junʼichi Kawata, Comparing political corruption and clientelism (pp. 171–200). Ashgate. Nana, C. N. (2013). West Africa: The Actions of the OHADA Arbitral Tribunal in the Face of Corruption. Transnational Dispute Management (TDM), 10(3). https://www.transnational-dispute-management.com/article.asp?key=1961 Nappert, S. (2012). Nailing Corruption: Thoughts for a Gardener – A Comment on World Duty Free Company Ltd v. The Republic of Kenya. In P. Wautelet, T. Kruger, & G. Coppens, The practice of arbitration: Essays in honour of Hans Van Houtte. Portland, Or; Hart Pub. Nas, T. F. (1986). A policy-oriented theory of corruption. American Political Science Review, 80(1), 107–119. Nasarre, C. a. S. (2013). International Commercial Arbitration and Corruption: The Role and Duties of the Arbitrator. Transnational Dispute Management (TDM), 10(3). https://www.transnational-dispute-management.com/article.asp?key=1965 Nasuti, P. (n.d.). The Determinants of Anti-Corruption Reform in the Republic of Georgia [Working Paper]. Retrieved July 5, 2016, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265742011_The_Determinants_of_Anti-Corrup tion_Reform_in_the_Republic_of_Georgia Navarro, N. C. (2006). Fighting Corruption The Peruvian Experience. Journal of International Criminal Justice, 4(3), 488–509. https://doi.org/10.1093/jicj/mql034 Navot, D. (2014). The Concept of Political Corruption. Public Integrity, 16(4), 357–374. 268

https://doi.org/10.2753/PIN1099-9922160403 Navot, D., & Cohen, N. (2015). How policy entrepreneurs reduce corruption in Israel. Governance, 28(1), 61–76. https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12074 Nawaz, S. (2015). Growth effects of institutions: A disaggregated analysis. Economic Modelling, 45(Journal Article), 118. Nayeri, R. (2014). No longer the sleeping dog, the FCPA is awake and ready to bite: Analysis of the increased FCPA enforcements, the implications, and recommendations for reform. New York International Law Review, 27, 73-. Ndedi, A., & Mua, K. K. (2015). The Role of Forensic Investigation Professionals in the Prevention of Fraud and Corruption in Developing Countries (Working Paper ID 2545274). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2545274 Ndikumana, Leonce. (2007). Corruption and Pro-Poor Growth Outcomes: Evidence and Lessons for African Countries. In AERC Senior Policy Seminar & African Economic Research Consortium (Eds.), Governance and pro-poor growth in sub-Saharan Africa (pp. 184–219). African Economic Research Consortium. Ndikumana, Léonce. (2013). The Private Sector as Culprit and Victim of Corruption in Africa [Working Paper]. Political Economy Research Institute, University of Massachusetts at Amherst. http://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:uma:periwp:wp330 Neal, M., Finlay, J., Karkoulian, S., Catana, D., & Pellegrino, R. (2015). How Business Students View Corruption, and Why This Should Concern Us: Insights from Lebanon, Romania and the United States. Tertiary Education and Management, 21(2), 140–159. https://doi.org/10.1080/13583883.2015.1036109 Neal, M. W., & Tansey, R. (2010). The dynamics of effective corrupt leadership: Lessons from Rafik Hariri’s political career in Lebanon. The Leadership Quarterly, 21(1), 33–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2009.10.003 Neanidis, K., Rana, M., & Blackburn, K. (2017). An empirical analysis of organized crime, corruption and economic growth. Annals of Finance, 13(3), 273–298. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10436-017-0299-7 Near, J. P., Rehg, M. T., Van Scotter, J. R., & Miceli, M. P. (2004). Does type of wrongdoing affect the whistle-blowing process? Business Ethics Quarterly, 14(2), 219. Neeman, Z., Paserman, M., & Simhon, A. (2008). Corruption and openness. B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis and Policy, 8(1). Negro, I. (2015). “Corruption is Dirt”: Metaphors for Political Corruption in the Spanish Press. Bulletin of Hispanic Studies, 92(3), 213–238. https://doi.org/10.3828/bhs.2015.15 269

Neild, R. R. (2002). Public corruption: The dark side of social evolution. Anthem. Nelken, D., & Levi, M. (1996). The Corruption of Politics and the Politics of Corruption: An Overview. Journal of Law and Society, 23(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.2307/1410464 Nell, M. (2008a). Contracts Induced by Means of Bribery: Should they be Void or Valid? [IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc]. Nell, M. (2008b). Strategic Aspects of Voluntary Disclosure Programs for Corruption Offences: Towards a Design of Good Practice [IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc]. Nelson, M. A. (2013). Corruption and the size of local governments: Are they related? In S. Lago-Penas & J. Martinez-Vazquez (Eds.), The Challenge of Local Government Size: Theoretical Perspectives, International Experience and Policy Reform (pp. 83–120). Edward Elgar. Němec, D., Kotlánová, E., Kotlán, I., & Machová, Z. (2021). Corruption, Taxation and the Impact on the Shadow Economy. Economies, 9(1), 18-. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies9010018 Nemeroff, M. A. (2006). The Limited Role of Campaign Finance Laws in Reducing Corruption by Elected Public Officials. Howard Law Journal, 49(3), 687–715. Neoh, A. (2010). An Impartial and Uncorrupted Civil Service: Hong Kong’s Fight Against Corruption in the Past 35 Years. In C. F. Forsyth, Effective judicial review: A cornerstone of good governance. Oxford University Press. Nesbit, J. B. (1998). Transnational bribery of foreign officials: A new threat to the future of democracy. Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 31(5), 1273. Nesti, L. (2014). The 2010 “Agreement on Mutual Enforcement of Debarrment Decisions” and Its Impact for the Fight against Fraud and Corruption in Public Procurement. Journal of Public Procurement, 14(1), 62–95. Neu, D., Everett, J., & Rahaman, A. S. (2013). Internal Auditing and Corruption within Government: The Case of the Canadian Sponsorship Program. Contemporary Accounting Research, 30(3), 1223–1250. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1911-3846.2012.01195.x Neu, D., Everett, J., & Rahaman, A. S. (2014). Preventing corruption within government procurement: Constructing the disciplined and ethical subject. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, Journal Article. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2014.03.012 Neudorfer, B., & Neudorfer, N. S. (2015). Decentralization and Political Corruption: Disaggregating Regional Authority. Publius, 45(1), 24. Neudorfer, N. S. (2015). Development, democracy and corruption: How poverty and lack of

270

political rights encourage corruption. 35(3), 421–457. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0143814X14000282 Neudorfer, N. S. (2016). Gender and Graft: A Political Economy Argument about the Influence of Working Women on Political Corruption. Journal of Women, Politics & Policy, 37(2), 190–216. https://doi.org/10.1080/1554477X.2016.1153337 Neudorfer, N. S., & Theuerkauf, U. G. (2014). Buying War Not Peace: The Influence of Corruption on the Risk of Ethnic War. Comparative Political Studies, 47(13), 1856–1886. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414013516919 Neumayer, E. (2002). Is Good Governance Rewarded? A Cross-national Analysis of Debt Forgiveness. World Development, 30(6), 913–930. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(02)00018-9 Neumayer, E. (2003). The Determinants of Aid Allocation by Regional Multilateral Development Banks and United Nations Agencies. International Studies Quarterly, 47(1), 101–122. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2478.4701005 Neupane, A., Soar, J., & Vaidya, K. (2012a). Evaluating the anti-corruption capabilities of public e-procurement in developing countries. EJISDC: The Electronic Journal on Information Systems in Developing Countries, 55. http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/oaiart?codigo=5061692 Neupane, A., Soar, J., & Vaidya, K. (2012b). The potential of e-procurement technology for reducing corruption. Int. J. of Information Technology and Management, 11(4). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJITM.2012.049997 Neupane, A., Soar, J., & Vaidya, K. (2014). An Empirical Evaluation Of The Potential Of Public E-Procurement To Reduce Corruption. Ajis: Australasian Journal of Information Systems, 18(2). https://doi.org/10.3127/ajis.v18i2.780 Neupane, A., Soar, J., Vaidya, K., & Yong, J. (2014). Willingness to adopt e-procurement to reduce corruption. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 8(4), 500. Neverova, E. G., & Malafeyef, O. A. (2015). A Model of Interaction between Anticorruption Authority and Corruption Groups. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1648(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4912671 Newbury, C. (2016). The Semantics of Corruption: Political Science Perspectives on Imperial and Post-Imperial Methods of State-Building. Journal Of Imperial And Commonwealth History; J.Imp.Commonw.Hist., 44(1), 163–194. https://doi.org/10.1080/03086534.2015.1123544 Ng, D. (2006). The impact of corruption on financial markets. Managerial Finance, 32(10),

271

822–836. https://doi.org/10.1108/03074350710688314 Ngira, D. O. (2015). Accelerating the ‘War’ Against Corruption: A Sociological Perspective. (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2671373). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2671373 Ngo, T.-W. (2008). Rent-seeking and economic governance in the structural nexus of corruption in China. Crime, Law and Social Change, 49(1), 27–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-007-9089-x Ngo, T.-W. (2009). Rent Seeking under the Licensing State: The Institutional Sources of Economic Corruption in China. In Ting Gong & S. K. Ma, Preventing corruption in Asia: Institutional design and policy capacity. Routledge. Ngumbi, E. (2020). Reconstructing the Elusive Fight against Corruption in Africa: The Quest to Re-characterize Political Corruption As an International Crime. International Journal of Business And Management, 8(2), 98–106. Ngumbi, E., & Owiny, P. (2020). From Paper to Practice: Enhancing Public Sector Accountability in Africa through Reform of Wealth Declaration Systems. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3579514 Nguyen, H. T., Trang Vu, K., Nguyen, L. Q. T., & Luu, H. N. (n.d.). CEO culture, corruption and firm performance. Applied Economics Letters, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2021.1881429 Nguyen, N., Doan, Q., & Tran-Nam, B. (2016). The impact of petty corruption on firm innovation in Vietnam. Crime, Law and Social Change, 65(4–5), 377–394. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-016-9610-1 Nguyen, N. H., Phan, H. V., & Simpson, T. (2020). Political corruption and mergers and acquisitions. Journal of Corporate Finance (Amsterdam, Netherlands), 65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2020.101765 Nguyen, Q. (2017). Do Natural Disasters Open a Window of Opportunity for Corruption? The Journal of Development Studies, 53(1), 156–172. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2016.1187724 Nguyen, T. D. (2019). Does firm growth increase corruption? Evidence from an instrumental variable approach. Small Business Economics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-019-00160-x Nguyen, T., Ho, B., Le, C., & Nguyen, H. (2016). Strategic and transactional costs of corruption: Perspectives from Vietnamese firms. Crime, Law and Social Change, 65(4–5), 351–374. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-016-9609-7

272

Nguyen, V.-H. (2009). Social Interactions and the Spread of Corruption: Evidence from the Health Sector of Vietnam. In Empirical essays in health economics (pp. 4–48). ProQuest Dissertations Publishing. http://search.proquest.com/docview/607045670/ Ni, S., & Van, P. H. (2006). High corruption income in Ming and Qing China. Journal of Development Economics, 81(2), 316–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2005.05.004 Niaz, I. (2014). Corruption and the Bureaucratic Elite in Pakistan: The 1960s and 1970s Revisited. 24(1), 97–113. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1356186313000631 Nice, D. (1986). The policy consequences of political corruption. Political Behavior, 8(3), 287–295. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01002102 Nichilo, B. (2011). Honest services fraud: Constancy in change. Temple Law Review, 83(4), 1065–1095. Nichols, P. (1996). Corruption in the World Trade Organization: Discerning the Limits of the World Trade Organization’s Authority. New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, 28(4), 711. Nichols, P. (1997). Outlawing transnational bribery through the World Trade Organization. Law and Policy in International Business, 28(2), 305–381. Nichols, P. (1999). Are extraterritorial restrictions on bribery a viable and desirable international policy goal under the global conditions of the late twentieth century? Increasing global security by controlling transnational bribery. Michigan Journal of International Law, 20(3), 451–476. Nichols, P. (2009). Multiple Communities and Controlling Corruption. Journal of Business Ethics, 88(4), 805–813. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0320-9 Nichols, P. M. (1999). Regulating transnational bribery in times of globalization and fragmentation. The Yale Journal of International Law, 24(1), 257–303. Nichols, P. M. (2000). The myth of anti-bribery laws as transnational intrusion. Cornell International Law Journal, 33(3), 627. Nichols, P. M. (2001). The fit between changes to the international corruption regime and indigenous perceptions of corruption in Kazakhstan. Journal of International Economic Law, 22(4), 863–973. Nichols, P. M. (2004). Corruption as an assurance problem. American University International Law Review, 19(6), 1037–1349. Nichols, P. M. (2011). The perverse effect of campaign contribution limits: Reducing the allowable amounts increases the likelihood of corruption in the federal legislature.

273

American Business Law Journal : The Official Publication of the American Business Law Association, 48(1), 77–118. Nichols, P. M. (2012a). The Business Case for Complying with Bribery Laws. American Business Law Journal, 49(2), 325–368. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-1714.2012.01134.x Nichols, P. M. (2012b). The psychic costs of violating corruption laws. Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 45(1), 145. Nichols, P. M. (2012c). United States v. Lazarenko: The trial and conviction of two former Prime Ministers of Ukraine. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 41–89. Nichols, P. M. (2016). The neomercantilist fallacy and the contextual reality of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Harvard Journal on Legislation, 53(1), 203–246. Nichols, P. M., Siedel, G. J., & Kasdin, M. (2004). Corruption as a pan-cultural phenomenon: An empirical study in countries at opposite ends of the former Soviet empire. Texas International Law Journal, 39(2), 215–256. Nichter, S. (2008). Vote Buying or Turnout Buying? Machine Politics and the Secret Ballot. American Political Science Review, 102(1), 19–31. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055408080106 Nichter, S. (2011). Electoral Clientelism or Relational Clientelism? Healthcare and Sterilization in Brazil (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 1903104). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1903104 Nichter, S. (2014). Conceptualizing vote buying. Electoral Studies, 35, 315–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2014.02.008 Niehaus, P., Atanassova, A., Bertrand, M., & Mullainathan, S. (2013). Targeting with Agents. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 5(1), 206–238. https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.5.1.206 Niehaus, P., & Sukhtankar, S. (2013a). Corruption Dynamics: The Golden Goose Effect. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 5(4), 230–269. https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.5.4.230 Niehaus, P., & Sukhtankar, S. (2013b). The marginal rate of corruption in public programs: Evidence from India. Journal of Public Economics, 104, 52–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2013.05.001 Nielsen, R. (2000). The politics of long-term corruption reform: A combined social movement and action-learning approach. Business Ethics Quarterly, 10(1), 305–318.

274

Nielsen, R. (2003). Corruption networks and implications for ethical corruption reform. Journal of Business Ethics, 42(2), 125–149. Nieto, N. (2014). Corruption in Mexico: A Historical Legacy. Social Science Diliman, 10(1), 101–116. Nikolaev, P. (2014). Corruption Suppression Models: The Role of Inspectors’ Moral Level. Computational Mathematics and Modeling, 25(1), 87–102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10598-013-9210-1 Nilsson. (2008). Asymmetric effects of corruption on FDI: Evidence from Swedish multinational firms. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 90(4), 627–642. Nisha, C. (2015). Corruption in the health sector; ethical response. International Journal of Health System and Disaster Management, 3(5), 16. Nishizaki, Y. (2005). The moral origin of Thailand’s provincial strongman: The case of Banharn Silpa-archa. South East Asia Research, 13(2), 184–234. Noble, R. (2006). Interpol’s Role in the World’s Fight Against Corruption. In M. Kreutner, The corruption monster: Ethik, Politik und Korruption (pp. 265-276.). Czernin. Nolan, B. (1992). Public Interest, Private Income: Conflicts and Control Limits on the Outside Income of Government Officials. Northwestern University Law Review, 87(1), 57. Noller, L. M. (2012). A modest practitioner proposal: Striking a balance in whistleblower lawsuits. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 129–150. Noonan, J. T. (1984). Bribes. Macmillan ; London. Norad. (n.d.). Joint evaluation of support to anti-corruption efforts: 2002-2009. Retrieved July 7, 2016, from http://www.u4.no/recommended-reading/joint-evaluation-of-support-to-anti-corruption-ef forts-2002-2009/ Normala, M. A. (2015). Combatting corruption: Understanding anti-corruption initiatives in Malaysia. By Anis Yusal Yusoff, Sri Murniati, and Jenny Gryzelius. Intellectual Discourse, 23(1). Norris, Pippa. (2012). Making democratic governance work: How regimes shape prosperity, welfare, and peace. Cambridge University Press. Norris, Pippa. (2014). Watchdog Journalism (By M. Bovens, R. E. Goodin, & T. Schillemans). Oxford University Press. http://oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199641253.001.0001/oxfordhb -9780199641253-e-015

275

North, C. M., Orman, W. H., & Gwin, C. R. (2013). Religion, Corruption, and the Rule of Law. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 45(5), 757–779. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmcb.12024 Norton, P. (2006). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Dilemma. The China Business Review, 33(6), 22-27,39. Nowrousian, B. (2019). Combatting public procurement criminality or simple rules for complex cases. Journal of Financial Crime, 26(1), 203–210. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-11-2017-0114 Nte, N. D. (2011). Police corruption and the national security challenge in Nigeria: A study of Rivers State Police Command. International Journal of Human Sciences, 8(1), 545–575. Nunkoo, R., Ribeiro, M. A., Sunnassee, V., & Gursoy, D. (2018). Public trust in mega event planning institutions: The role of knowledge, transparency and corruption. Tourism Management, 66, 155–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.11.010 Nurgaliyev, B., Ualiyev, K., & Simonovich, B. (2015). Police Corruption in Kazakhstan: The Preliminary Results of the Study. Review of European Studies, 7(3), 140–148. Nur-Tegin, K. (2008). Determinants of business tax compliance. B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis and Policy, 8(1). Nur-Tegin, K. (2013). Bribing behaviour by firm attributes: An empirical analysis. International Journal of Public Policy, 9(3), 231. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPP.2013.055706 Nur-Tegin, K., & Czap, H. J. (2012). Corruption: Democracy, Autocracy, and Political Stability. Economic Analysis and Policy, 42(1), 51–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0313-5926(12)50004-4 Nwabuzor, A. (2005). Corruption and Development: New Initiatives in Economic Openness and Strengthened Rule of Law. Journal of Business Ethics, 59(1), 121–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-005-3402-3 Nwapi, C. (2015). Corruption vulnerabilities in local content policies in the extractive sector: An examination of the Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry Content Development Act, 2010. Resources Policy, 46(Journal Article), 92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2015.09.001 Nyamu,-Musembi. (2007). Gender and corruption in the administration of justice. In Transparency International, Global Corruption Report (pp. 121–128). Cambridge University Press. http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/25377719/gender-corruption-administration-ju stice

276

Nyblade, B., & Reed, S. R. (2008). Who Cheats? Who Loots? Political Competition and Corruption in Japan, 1947–1993. American Journal of Political Science, 52(4), 926–941. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2008.00351.x Nye Jr., J. S. (1967). Corruption and political development: A cost-benefit analysis. American Political Science Review, 61(2), 417–427. Nyendu, M. (2017). Fighting the Cancer of Corruption and “Hostage-Taking” in the District Assemblies in Ghana. Journal Of Asian And African Studies, 52(2), 217–231. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909615570956 Nyhan, B. (2015). Scandal potential: How political context and news congestion affect the president’s vulnerability to media scandal. British Journal of Political Science, 45(2), 435–466. Nyhan, B., & Rehavi, M. M. (2013). Tipping the Scales? Testing for Political Influence on Public Corruption Prosecutions [Working Paper]. Nystrand, M. J. (2014). Petty and grand corruption and the conflict dynamics in Northern Uganda. Third World Quarterly, 35(5), 821–835. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2014.921432 Oarhe, O. (2014). Whither the ivory tower? Corruption and development of higher education in Nigeria. Africa Education Review, 11(3), 311. Obala, L. M., & Mattingly, M. (2014). Ethnicity, corruption and violence in urban land conflict in Kenya. Urban Studies, 51(13), 2735–2751. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098013513650 Oberoi, R. (2014). Mapping the Matrix of Corruption: Tracking the Empirical Evidences and Tailoring Responses. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 49(2), 187–214. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909613479319 Obidzinski, K., & Kusters, K. (2015). Formalizing the Logging Sector in Indonesia: Historical Dynamics and Lessons for Current Policy Initiatives. Society & Natural Resources, 28(5), 530–542. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2015.1014605 Obolonskii, A., & Barabashev, A. (2014). How to Clean Out the Augean Stable of Our Bureaucracy. Russian Politics & Law, 52(2), 77–94. https://doi.org/10.2753/RUP1061-1940520205 Obydenkova, A., & Libman, A. (2015). Understanding the survival of post-Communist corruption in contemporary Russia: The influence of historical legacies. Post-Soviet Affairs, 31(4), 304–338. https://doi.org/10.1080/1060586X.2014.931683 Ocheje, P. D. (2001). Law and Social Change: A Socio-Legal Analysis of Nigeria’s Corrupt Practices and Other Related Offences Act, 2000. Journal of African Law, 45(2), 173–195. 277

Ocheje, P. D. (2002). Refocusing International Law on the Quest for Accountability in Africa: The Case Against the Other Impunity. Leiden Journal of International Law, 15(4), 749–779. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0922156502000341 Ocheje, P. D. (2018). Norms, law and social change: Nigeria’s anti-corruption struggle, 1999–2017. Crime, Law and Social Change, 70(3), 363–381. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9736-9 Ocheni, S., & Nwankwo, B. C. (2012). The effectiveness of anti-corruption agencies in enhancing good governance and sustainable developmental growth in Africa: The Nigeria paradox under Obasanjo administration, 2003-2007.(Olusegun Obasanjo)(Report). Canadian Social Science, 8(3), 16. Ochoa, R., & Graycar, A. (2016). Tackling Conflicts of Interest: Policy Instruments in Different Settings. Public Integrity, 18(1), 83–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2015.1093398 Ochonu, M. E. (2011). Corruption and Political Culture in Africa: History, Meaning, and the Problem of Naming. The Law and Development Review, 4(3). https://doi.org/10.2202/1943-3867.1115 Ochulor, L. C. (2011). Ethical and moral implications of corruption. Canadian Social Science, 7(5), 223. Ockey, J. (2003). Change and Continuity in the Thai Political Party System. Asian Survey, 43(4), 663–680. https://doi.org/10.1525/as.2003.43.4.663 O’Connor, S., & Fischer, R. (2012). Predicting Societal Corruption Across Time. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 43(4), 644–659. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022111402344 Oded, S. (2016). Coughing up executives or rolling the dice? Individual accountability for corporate corruption. Yale Law & Policy Review, 35(1), 86. Odemba, A. S. (2012). Corruption in sub‐Saharan Africa: A phenomenological study. Journal of Psychological Issues in Organizational Culture, 3(1), 21–40. https://doi.org/10.1002/jpoc.20093 O’Donnell. (2008). Corruption: A Rule of Law Agenda? In A. G. Hurwitz & R. Huang, Civil war and the rule of law: Security, development, human rights. Lynne Rienner Publishers. Odumosu, I. T. (2011). International Investment Arbitration and Corruption Claims: An Analysis of World Duty Free v. Kenya. The Law and Development Review, 4(3), 88–129. https://doi.org/10.2202/1943-3867.1118 Oduor, J. A. (2014). Left out of the bargain: Settlements in foreign bribery cases and implications for asset recovery. The World Bank, 2014. 278

O’Fallon, M., & Butterfield, K. (2005). A Review of The Empirical Ethical Decision-Making Literature: 1996–2003. Journal of Business Ethics, 59(4), 375–413. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-005-2929-7 Offe, C. (2004). Political Corruption. Conceptual and Practical Issues. In Susan Rose-Ackerman, Building a trustworthy state in post-socialist transition (1st ed., pp. 77–99). Palgrave Macmillan. Offer, A. (1996). Between the gift and the market: The economy of regard. Economic History Review, 50, 450–476. Ofori, J., & Lujala, P. (2015). Illusionary Transparency? Oil Revenues, Information Disclosure, and Transparency. Society & Natural Resources; Soc.Nat.Resour., 28(11), 1187–1202. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2015.1024806 Ofosu-Amaah, W. P. (1999). Combating corruption: A comparative review of selected legal aspects of state practices and major international initiatives. World Bank. Ogan, P. (1995). Predicting Noncompliance with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Business & Professional Ethics Journal, 14(1), 65–103. Ogawa, A. (2006). Anti-Fraud Politics in the European Union: Multi-Level Disjuncture of Legitimacy and Effectiveness. In Junʼichi Kawata, Comparing political corruption and clientelism (pp. 63–76). Ashgate. Ogbuabor, J. E., Orji, A., Manasseh, C. O., & Anthony-Orji, O. I. (2020). Institutional Quality and Growth in West Africa: What Happened after the Great Recession? International Advances in Economic Research, 26(4), 343–361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11294-020-09805-0 Öge, K. (2014). The Limits of Transparency Promotion in Azerbaijan: External Remedies to ‘Reverse the Curse.’ Europe-Asia Studies, 66(9), 1482–1500. https://doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2014.956448 Öge, K. (2016). Which transparency matters? Compliance with anti- corruption efforts in extractive industries. Resources Policy, 49(Journal Article), 41–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2016.04.001 Ogungbamila, B., & Bola Udegbe, I. (2014). Gender Differences in the Effects of Perception of Organizational Injustice on Workplace Reactivity. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 10(1), 150–167. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v10i1.575 Ogunyemi, A. O. (2016). Historical Evidence of Corruption in Colonial Nigeria: An Analysis of Financial Records in the Decolonisation Period, 1950–1960. 51(1), 60–76. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909614541250

279

Ogunyemi, K. (2014). How extortion works (evidence from Nigeria): The extortion cycle. Business & Professional Ethics Journal, 33(1). Ogus, A. I. (2004). Corruption and Regulatory Structures. Law and Policy, 26, 329–346. Ogwang, T., & Cho, D. (2014). A Conceptual Framework for Constructing a Corruption Diffusion Index. Journal of Business Ethics, 125(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1904-y O’Hara, P. A. (2014). Political economy of systemic and micro-corruption throughout the world. Journal of Economic Issues, 48(2), 279. O’Hara, P., & Sainato, V. A. (2015). Monetizing the police: Corruption vectors in agency-managed off-duty work. Policy and Society, 34(2), 151–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polsoc.2015.05.002 O’Higgens. (2006). Corruption, Underdevelopment, and Extractive Resource Industries: Addressing the Vicious Cycle. Business Ethics Quarterly, 16(2), 235–254. Ohnesorge, J. K. M. (1999). “Ratch”eting up the anti-corruption drive: Could a look at recent history cure a case of theory-determinism? Connecticut Journal of International Law, 14(2), 467–473. Ojha, A., & Palvia, S. (2012). E-Government and the Fight Against Corruption: Conceptual Modeland Five Case Studies from India. Journal of Information Technology Case and Application Research, 14(4), 11–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228053.2012.10845710 Ojo, E. (2016). Underdevelopment in Africa: Theories and Facts. The Journal of Social, Political, and Economic Studies, 41(1), 89–103. Okada, K., & Samreth, S. (2012). The effect of foreign aid on corruption: A quantile regression approach. Economics Letters, 115(2), 240–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2011.12.051 Okada, K., & Samreth, S. (2014). How Does Corruption Influence the Effect of Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth? Global Economic Review, 43(3), 207–220. https://doi.org/10.1080/1226508X.2014.930671 Okafor, C., Smith, L. M., & Ujah, N. U. (2014). Kleptocracy, nepotism, kakistocracy: Impact of corruption in Sub-Saharan African countries. Int. J. of Economics and Accounting, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEA.2014.063736 Okafor, G. (2015). Locational Determinants of US Outward FDI into Sub-Saharan Africa. The Journal of Developing Areas, 49(1), 187–205. Oke, T. (2016). Money laundering regulation and the African PEP: Case for tougher civil

280

remedy options. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 19(1), 32–57. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-01-2015-0001 Okeahalam, C. C., & Bah, I. (1998). Perceived Corruption and Investment in Sub‐Saharan Africa. South African Journal of Economics, 66(3), 176–186. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1813-6982.1998.tb01258.x O’Kelly, C., & Dubnick, M. J. (2006). Taking Tough Choices Seriously: Public Administration and Individual Moral Agency. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 16(3), 393–415. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mui050 Okogbule, N. S. (2006). An appraisal of the legal and institutional framework for combating corruption in Nigeria. Journal of Financial Crime, 13(1), 92–106. https://doi.org/10.1108/13590790610641251 Okojie, P., & Momoh, A. (2007). Corruption and reform in Nigeria. In S. Bracking (Ed.), Corruption and Development: The Anti-Corruption Campaigns (pp. 103–120). Palgrave Macmillan. Olaniyan, K. (2014). Corruption and human rights law in Africa. Hart Publishing. Olatunde, J. O. (2014). Does democracy breed accountability? The role of state executives in Nigeria, 1999-2007. Int.J.of Critical Accounting, 4(3). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJCA.2012.047366 Olaya, D. J., Attisso, K., & Roth, A. (2010). Repairing Social Damage Out of Corruption Cases: Opportunities and Challenges as Illustrated in the Alcatel Case in Costa Rica (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 1779834). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1779834 Oldenburg, P. (1987). Middlemen in Third World corruption: Implications of an India case. World Politics : A Quarterly Journal of Internat. Relations, 39(4), 508–535. O’Leary, C. (1962). The elimination of corrupt practices in British elections, 1868-1911. Oxford, Clarendon Press. Oleinik, A. (2016). Corruption on the road: A case study of Russian traffic police. IATSS Research, 40(1), 19–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iatssr.2015.12.001 Olen, J. W. (2012). The devil’s in the intent: Does 18 U.S.C. 666 require proof of quid-pro-quo intent? Southwestern Law Review, 42(1), 229–261. Oliva, P. (2015). Environmental Regulations and Corruption: Automobile Emissions in Mexico City. Journal of Political Economy, 123(3), 686–724. https://doi.org/10.1086/680936 Oliver, D. (n.d.). Regulating the conduct of MPs. The British experience of combating

281

corruption. Political Studies, xlv(3), 539–558. Olivier de Sardan, J. P. (1999). A Moral Economy of Corruption in Africa? The Journal of Modern African Studies, 37(1), 25–53. Olken, B. a, & Barron, P. (2009). The Simple Economics of Extortion: Evidence from Trucking in Aceh. Journal of Political Economy, 117(3), 417–452. https://doi.org/10.1086/599707 Olken, B. A. (2006). Corruption and the costs of redistribution: Micro evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Public Economics, 90(4), 853–870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2005.05.004 Olken, B. A. (2009a). Corruption perceptions vs. Corruption reality. Journal of Public Economics, 93(7), 950–964. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2009.03.001 Olken, B. A. (2009b). Do television and radio destroy social capital?: Evidence from Indonesian villages. American Economic Journal : A Journal of the American Economic Association, 1(4), 1–33. Olken, B. A. (2010). Direct Democracy and Local Public Goods: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Indonesia. American Political Science Review, 104(2), 243–267. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055410000079 Olken, B. A., & Pande, R. (2012). Corruption in Developing Countries. 4(1 1), 479–509. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-080511-110917 Olney, W. (2016). Impact of Corruption on Firm-Level Export Decisions. Economic Inquiry, 54(2), 1105. Ololajulo, B. (2016). “Eating with One Spoon”: Zoning, Power Rotation and Political Corruption in Nigeria. African Studies; Afr.Stud., 75(1), 153–169. https://doi.org/10.1080/00020184.2015.1129139 Olowu, D. (1992). Roots and remedies of governmental corruption in Africa. Corruption and Reform, 7(3), 227–227. Olsen, T. E., & Torsvik, G. (1998). Collusion and renegotiation in hierarchies: A case of beneficial corruption. International Economic Review, 39(2), 413–438. Oluwaniyi, O. (2011). Police and the institution of corruption in Nigeria. Policing and Society, 21(1), 67–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2010.541245 Omigbodun, I. (n.d.). Fighting corruption in Nigeria: Excessive rhetoric and indeterminate bureaucratic practices in the implementation of SERVICOM. Journal of Contemporary African Studies, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/02589001.2020.1867311

282

Omilusi, M. (2019). Blowing the Anti-Graft Whistle with Rewarding Rigour and Legal Vulnerability: A Turning Pointin Nigeria’s Democratic Space? Bangladesh E-Journal of Sociology, 16(2), 206. Omotola, J. (2006). “Through a Glass Darkly”: Assessing the “New” War Against Corruption in Nigeria. Africa Insight, 36(3). Omotoso, F. (2014). Public-Service Ethics and Accountability for Effective Service Delivery in Nigeria. Africa Today, 60(3), 119–139. https://doi.org/10.2979/africatoday.60.3.119 Ones, D. S., Viswesvaran, C., & Schmidt, F. L. (1993). Comprehensive Meta-Analysis of Integrity Test Validities: Findings and Implications for Personnel Selection and Theories of Job Performance. Onoshchenko, O., & Williams, C. C. (2014). Evaluating the role of blat in finding graduate employment in post-Soviet Ukraine The “dark side” of job recruitment? EMPLOYEE RELATIONS, 36(3), 254–265. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-06-2013-0070 Onwujekwe, O., Agwu, P., Orjiakor, C., Mckee, M., Hutchinson, E., Mbachu, C., Odii, A., Ogbozor, P., Obi, U., Ichoku, H., & Balabanova, D. (2019). Corruption in Anglophone West Africa health systems: A systematic review of its different variants and the factors that sustain them. Health Policy and Planning, 34(7), 529–543. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czz070 Onyango, G. (2019). Organizational Trust and Accountability Reforms in Public Management: Analysis of Inter-agency Implementation Relations in Kenya. International Journal of Public Administration, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2019.1575856 Onyango, G. (2020). Inter-Institutional Trust and Multi-Agency Networks in Anti-Corruption Efforts in Public Administration in Kenya. African Studies Quarterly, 19(2), 17–36. Onyiloha, C. A. (2015). An ethical appraisal of Nigerian policy on corruption vis-à-vis global anti-corruption practices. Journal of Religion and Human Relations, 7(1), 17–31. Oquendo, A. R. (1999). Corruption and legitimate crises in Latin America. Connecticut Journal of International Law, 14(2), 475–494. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2008). Mutual Legal Assistance, Extradition and Recovery of Proceeds of Corruption in Asia and the Pacific: Frameworks and Practices in 27 Asian and Pacific Jurisdictions – Final Report. OECD Publishing. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.OECD_batch:9789264043701en Organisation For Economic Co-Operation And Development. (2008). Specialised anti-corruption institutions: Review of models. OECD. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.OECD_batch:9789264039803en

283

Organisation For Economic Co-Operation And Development. (2013). Specialised Anti-Corruption Institutions: Review of Models: Second Edition. Paris: OECD Publishing. Orjuela, C. (2014). Corruption and identity politics in divided societies. Third World Quarterly, 35(5), 753–769. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2014.921426 Ortega, B., Casquero, A., & Sanjuan, J. (2016). Corruption and Convergence in Human Development: Evidence from 69 Countries During 1990-2012. Social Indicators Research; Soc.Indic.Res., 127(2), 691–719. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-015-0968-8 Ortega, Bienvenido, Casquero, A., & Sanjuán, J. (2014). Growth in Human Development: The Role of Corruption. Journal of International Development, 26(7), 974. Ortiz Pradillo, J. C. (2016). Whistleblowing and criminal proceedings in Spain: Roma traditoribus non praemiat.(Rome does not pay traitors). The Indonesian Journal of International & Comparative Law: Socio-Political Perspectives, 3(1), 43. Osabutey, E., & Okoro, C. (2015). Political Risk and Foreign Direct Investment in Africa: The Case of the Nigerian Telecommunications Industry. Thunderbird International Business Review, 57(6), 417. Osei, P. (2007). Corruption scandals and anti-corruption institution-building interventions in Jamaica. In S. Bracking (Ed.), Corruption and Development: The Anti-Corruption Campaigns (pp. 167–181). Palgrave Macmillan. Osei, P. D. (2011). The Nexus Between Economic Resilience and Corruption. Bank of Valletta Review, 44, 36–51. Osei-Hwedie, B. Z., & Osei-Hwedie, K. (2000). The Political, Economic, and Cultural Bases of Corruption in Africa. In K. R. H. Sr & B. C. Chikulo (Eds.), Corruption and Development in Africa (pp. 40–56). Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780333982440_3 Osei-Tutu, E., Offei-Nyako, K., Ameyaw, C., & Ampofo, K. T. (2014). Conflict of Interest and Related Corrupt Practices in Public Procurment in Ghana. International Journal of Civil Engineering Construction and Estate Management, 1(2), 1. Osifo, O. C. (2014). An Ethical Governance Perspective on Anti-Corruption Policies and Procedures: Agencies and Trust in Cameroon, Ghana, and Nigeria Evaluation. International Journal of Public Administration, 37(5), 308–327. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2013.836663 Osipian, A. (2009). Corruption and Reform in Higher Education in Ukraine. Canadian and International Education, 38(2), 104.

284

Osipian, A. (2010). Corrupt Organizational Hierarchies in the Former Soviet Bloc. Transition Studies Review, 17(4), 822–836. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11300-010-0174-y Osipian, A. L. (2014). Will bribery and fraud converge? Comparative corruption in higher education in Russia and the USA. COMPARE-A JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE AND INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION, 44(2), 252–273. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2012.728374 Osipian, Ararat L. (2012). Economics of corruption in doctoral education: The dissertations market. Economics of Education Review, 31(1), 76–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2011.08.011 Osipian, Ararat L. (2016). Protesting Putin or protecting rights? Media reflections on reflective student activism. Contemporary Politics, 22(2), 215–231. https://doi.org/10.1080/13569775.2016.1153288 Osipian, Ararat L. (2017). University autonomy in Ukraine: Higher education corruption and the state. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 50(3), 233–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2017.06.004 Osipian, Ararat L. (2020). Nepotism in American Universities Starts Resembling Ukraine. In Corruption in Higher Education (pp. 65–69). Brill Sense. https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789004433885/BP000012.xml Oskenbayev, Y., Yilmaz, M., & Abdulla, K. (2013). Resource concentration, institutional quality and the natural resource curse. Economic Systems, 37(2), 254. Osoba, S. O. (1996). Corruption in Nigeria: Historical perspectives. Review of African Political Economy, 23(69), 371–386. https://doi.org/10.1080/03056249608704203 Osrecki, F. (2017). A Short History of the Sociology of Corruption: The Demise of Counter-Intuitivity and the Rise of Numerical Comparisons. The American Sociologist, 48(1), 103–125. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12108-016-9320-2 Osterfeld, D. (1988). The impact of corruption on Third World development. Economic Affairs, 9, 36–37. Ostergaard, C., & Petersen, C. (1991). Official profiteering and the Tiananmen Square demonstrations in China. Corruption and Reform, 6(2), 87–108. Ostler, J. (2014). Corrupt Business Practices as a Market Entry Strategy. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2014(1). https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2014.17321abstract Ostrov, B. (2009). Corruption in chinese sports culture. In S. Eicher (Ed.), Corruption in International Business: The Challenge of Cultural and Legal Diversity (pp. 91–98). Gower. 285

O’Sullivan, J. (1996). The independent counsel statute: Bad law, bad policy. American Criminal Law Review, 33(3), 463–509. Otahal, T. (2014). Mises, Hayek and Corruption. Journal of Business Ethics, 119(3), 399–404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1646-x O’Toole, C. M., & Tarp, F. (2014). Corruption and the Efficiency of Capital Investment in Developing Countries. Journal of International Development, 26(5), 567. Oto-Peralías, D., Romero-Ávila, D., & Usabiaga, C. (2013). Does fiscal decentralization mitigate the adverse effects of corruption on public deficits? European Journal of Political Economy, 32, 205–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2013.07.005 Ott, J. (2010). Good Governance and Happiness in Nations: Technical Quality Precedes Democracy and Quality Beats Size. Journal of Happiness Studies, 11(3), 353–368. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-009-9144-7 Otusanya, O. J., Lauwo, S., Ige, O. J., & Adelaja, O. S. (2015). Sweeping it under the carpet: The role of legislators in corrupt practice in Nigeria. Journal of Financial Crime, 22(3), 354–377. Ouma, S. O. A. (1991). Corruption in public policy and its impact on development: The case of Uganda since 1979. Public Administration and Development, 11(5), 473–490. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.4230110505 Owusu, E. K., Chan, A. P. C., Degraft, O.-M., Ameyaw, E. E., & Robert, O.-K. (2019). Contemporary Review of Anti-Corruption Measures in Construction Project Management. Project Management Journal, 50(1), 40–56. https://doi.org/10.1177/8756972818808983 Owusu, E. K., Chan, A. P. C., Hosseini, M. R., & Nikmehr, B. (2020). Assessing procurement irregularities in the supply-chain of Ghanaian construction projects: A soft-computing approach. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 26(1). https://doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2020.11659 Oyamada, E. (2005). President Gloria Macapagal‐Arroyo’s anti‐corruption strategy in the Philippines an evaluation. Asian Journal of Political Science, 13(1), 81–107. https://doi.org/10.1080/02185370508434251 Oyamada, E. (2015). Anti-corruption measures the Japanese way: Prevention matters. Asian Education and Development Studies, 4(1), 24. Oye, N. D. (2013). Reducing Corruption in African Developing Countries: The Relevance of E-Governance. Greener Journal of Social Sciences, 3(1), 006–013. https://doi.org/10.15580/GJSS.2013.1.103112183

286

Oyelana, A., & Kang’Ethe, S. M. (2016). Exploring the Role of Ethics in Fostering Strong Public Servants in Selected African Countries. Journal of Social Sciences, 47(2), 98. Ozounov, N. A. (2004). Facing the challenge: Corruption, state capture and the role of multinational business. John Marshall Law Review, 37(4), 1181–1203. Ozturk, I., & Al-Mulali, U. (2015). Investigating the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in Cambodia. Ecological Indicators, 57(Journal Article), 324–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.05.018 Ozturk, I., Al-Mulali, U., & Solarin, S. A. (2019). The control of corruption and energy efficiency relationship: An empirical note. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05016-1 Paasche, E. (2016). The role of corruption in reintegration: Experiences of Iraqi Kurds upon return from Europe. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Journal Article, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2016.1139445 Pacek, A. C., Pop-Eleches, G., & Tucker, J. A. (2009). Disenchanted or Discerning: Voter Turnout in Post-Communist Countries. The Journal of Politics, 71(2), 473–491. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022381609090409 Pacini, C. (2012). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: Taking a bite out of bribery in international business transactions. Fordham Journal of Corporate & Financial Law, 17(2), 545–589. Pacini, C., Swaleheen, M., & Barker, K. (2012). Enhanced Enforcement of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: Improving the Ethics of U.S. Business Practices Abroad. In Research on Professional Responsibility and Ethics in Accounting (Vol. 16, pp. 57–91). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/S1574-0765(2012)0000016006 Padmanabhan, P., Wang, C.-H., & Huang, C.-H. (2020). Did the 2008 global financial crisis influence the host country corruption and inward foreign direct investments relationship? An empirical examination. The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 29(5), 566–603. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638199.2019.1706624 Padró I Miquel, G. (2007). The Control of Politicians in Divided Societies: The Politics of Fear. Review of Economic Studies, 74(4), 1259–1274. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-937X.2007.00455.x Pagano, M. S. (2002). Crises, Cronyism, and Credit. Financial Review, 37(2), 227–256. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-6288.00013 Pagano, M. S. (2008). Credit, cronyism, and control: Evidence from the Americas. Journal of

287

International Money and Finance, 27(3), 387–410. Pahis, S. (2009). Corruption in Our Courts: What It Looks like and Where It Is Hidden. The Yale Law Journal, 118(8), 1900–1943. Paik, W., & Baum, R. (2014). Clientelism with Chinese Characteristics: Local Patronage Networks in Post-Reform China. Political Science Quarterly, 129(4), 675–701. https://doi.org/10.1002/polq.12250 Paine, L. (1996). Moral thinking in management: An essential capability. Business Ethics Quarterly, 6(4), 477–492. Paine, L. S. (1994). Managing for Organizational Integrity. Harvard Business Review, 72(2), 106–117. Painter, M. (2006). Thaksinisation or managerialism? Reforming the Thai bureaucracy. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 36(1), 26–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472330680000031 Painter, M. (2014). Myths of Political Independence, or How Not to Solve the Corruption Problem: Lessons for V ietnam. Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies, 1(2), 273–286. https://doi.org/10.1002/app5.22 Painter, R. W. (2009). Getting the government America deserves: How ethics reform can make a difference. Oxford University Press. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.GEN_batch:EDZ0000073123 Pakstaitis, L. (2019). Private sector corruption: Realities, difficulties of comprehension, causes and perspectives. The Lithuanian approach. Crime, Law and Social Change, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-019-09815-y Palanski, M. E., & Yammarino, F. J. (2009). Integrity and leadership: A multi-level conceptual framework. The Leadership Quarterly, 20(3), 405–420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2009.03.008 Paldam, M. (2001). Corruption and Religion Adding to the Economic Model. Kyklos, 54(2‐3), 383–413. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6435.00160 Paldam, M. (2002). The cross-country pattern of corruption: Economics, culture and the seesaw dynamics. European Journal of Political Economy, 18(2), 215–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0176-2680(02)00078-2 Paldam, M., & Gundlach, E. (2008). Two Views on Institutions and Development: The Grand Transition vs the Primacy of Institutions. Kyklos, 61(1), 65–100. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.2008.00393.x Paldam, M., & Svendsen, G. (2000). Missing social capital and the transition in Eastern Europe.

288

IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc. Palmer, D. (2008). Extending the process model of collective corruption. Research in Organizational Behavior, 28, 107–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2008.04.005 Palmier, L. (2000). Corruption and probity. Asian Journal of Political Science, 8(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/02185370008434156 Palmier, L. (2003). Corruption in Context. In J. Kidd & F.-J. Richter, Fighting Corruption in Asia (pp. 73–89). WORLD SCIENTIFIC. http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/9789812795397_0004 Pan, J., & Chen, K. (2018). Concealing Corruption: How Chinese Officials Distort Upward Reporting of Online Grievances. The American Political Science Review, 112(3), 602–620. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055418000205 Pan, X., & Xiao, E. (2016). It’s not just the thought that counts: An experimental study on the hidden cost of giving. Journal of Public Economics, 138(Journal Article), 22–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2016.04.005 Pande, R. (2008). Understanding political corruption in low income countries. Pande, R. (2011). Can informed voters enforce better governance?: Experiments in low-income democracies. Annual Review of Economics, 215–237. Pangalangan, R. C. (2010). The Philippines ‘Sandiganbayan’: Anti-Graft Courts and the Illusion of Self-Contained Anti-Corruption Regimes. In A. Harding & P. Nicholson, New courts in Asia (pp. 299–314). Routledge. Pangia, M. (2018). Developing an Organizational Conflicts of Interest Framework: The U.S. System as a Starting Point. Public Contract Law Journal, 47(4), 539–560. Pani, M. (2011). Hold your nose and vote: Corruption and public decisions in a representative democracy. Public Choice, 148(1), 163–196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-010-9651-4 Panizza, U. (2001a). Electoral Rules, Political Systems, and Institutional Quality. Economics & Politics, 13(3), 311–342. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0343.00095 Panizza, U. (2001b). Public Sector Wages and Bureaucratic Quality: Evidence from Latin America. Economía, 2(1), 97–139. Panov, S. (2018). Pecunia non olet? Legal norms and anti-corruption judicial frameworks of preventive confiscation. Crime, Law and Social Change, 70(3), 315–329. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9734-y Pantzalis, C., & Park, J. C. (2014). Too close for comfort? Geographic propinquity to political power and stock returns. Journal of Banking & Finance, 48(Journal Article), 57. 289

Papaioannou, K., & Van Zanden, J. (2015). The dictator effect: How long years in office affect economic development. Journal of Institutional Economics, 11(1), 111–139. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1744137414000356 Pappa, E., Sajedi, R., & Vella, E. (2014). Fiscal consolidation with tax evasion and corruption. Journal of International Economics, Journal Article. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2014.12.004 Papyrakis, E., & Mo, P. H. (2014). Fractionalization, Polarization, and Economic Growth: Identifying the Transmission Channels. Economic Inquiry, 52(3), 1204–1218. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecin.12070 Papyrakis, E., Rieger, M., & Gilberthorpe, E. (2017). Corruption and the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative. The Journal of Development Studies, 53(2), 295–309. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2016.1160065 Paquot, T. (2018). Is transparency a guarantee for honesty? Revue Française d’éthique Appliquée, 2, 32–43. Parboteeah, K. P., Seriki, H. T., & Hoegl, M. (2014). Ethnic diversity, corruption and ethical climates in sub-Saharan Africa: Recognizing the significance of human resource management. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(7), 979–1001. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2013.815251 Parchomovsky, G., & Siegelman, P. (2009). Bribes vs. bombs: A study in Coasean warfare. International Review of Law & Economics, 29(3), 179–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irle.2009.02.007 Pardo, I. (2004a). Introduction: Corruption, Morality and the Law. In Between morality and the law: Corruption, anthropology and comparative society (pp. 1–18). Ashgate. Pardo, I. (2004b). Where it Hurts: An Italian Case of Graded and Stratified Corruption. In Between morality and the law: Corruption, anthropology and comparative society (pp. 33–52). Ashgate. Paris, T. (2014). Is (French) Continental Law Efficient at Fighting Conflicts of Interest? In J.-B. Auby, E. Breen, & T. Perroud (Eds.), Corruption and conflicts of interest: A comparative law approach (pp. 139–149). Edward Elgar PubLtd. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.GEN_batch:ELGAR01620140507 Park, A. W. (2013). Keep your eye on the bribe: Focusing FCPA enforcement. Journal of Law, Economics & Policy, 9(2), 305–324. Park, B.-S. (1995). Political corruption in South Korea: Concentrating on the dynamics of party politics. Asian Perspective, 19, 163–193.

290

Park, C. H. (2006). Clientalism’s Electoral Connection and its Policy Effects: Comparison Between Korea and Japan. In Junʼichi Kawata, Comparing political corruption and clientelism (pp. 201–222). Ashgate. Park, Heungsik, Blenkinsopp, J., Oktem, M., & Omurgonulsen, U. (2008). Cultural Orientation and Attitudes Toward Different Forms of Whistleblowing: A Comparison of South Korea, Turkey, and the U.K. Journal of Business Ethics, 82(4), 929–939. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9603-1 Park, Heungsik, Rehg, M., & Lee, D. (2005). The Influence of Confucian Ethics and Collectivism on Whistleblowing Intentions: A Study of South Korean Public Employees. Journal of Business Ethics, 58(4), 387–403. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-004-5366-0 Park, Hoon. (2003). Determinants of Corruption: A Cross-National Analysis. The Multinational Business Review, 11(2), 29–48. https://doi.org/10.1108/1525383X200300010 Park, J. (2012). Corruption, soundness of the banking sector, and economic growth: A cross-country study. Journal of International Money and Finance, 31(5), 907–929. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2011.07.007 Park, N. E. (1997). Corruption in eighteenth-century China. The Journal of Asian Studies, 56(4), 967–1005. Park, S., & Kim, S. (2021). How Does Fiscal Autonomy Influence Fiscal Outcomes Depending on Corruption. Lex Localis-Journal of Local Self-Government, 19(1), 91–109. https://doi.org/10.4335/19.1.91-109(2021) Parker, C. (2009). Corporate compliance systems: Could they make any difference? Administration & Society, 41(1), 3–37. Parker, C., & Nielsen, V. (2009). The Challenge of Empirical Research on Business Compliance in Regulatory Capitalism. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 5, 45–70. https://doi.org/10.1146/annrevlawsosci.093008131555 Parry. (2000). The Crisis of Corruption and the Idea of India – a Worm’s Eye View. In I. Pardo, Morals of legitimacy: Between agency and system. Berghahn Books. Parsons, C. A. and S., Johan and Titman, Sheridan. (2014). Swimming Upstream: Struggling Firms in Corrupt Cities [Working Paper]. http://ssrn.com/abstract=2526585; http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2526585 Partasides, C. (2010). Proving Corruption in International Arbitration: A Balanced Standard for the Real World. ICSID Review, 25(1), 47–62. https://doi.org/10.1093/icsidreview/25.1.47 Partridge, H. (1995). Can the leopard change its spots? Sleaze in Italy.(Sleaze: Politics, Private Interests and Public Reaction). Parliamentary Affairs, 48(4), 711. 291

Pascual-Ezama, D., Fosgaard, T. R., Cardenas, J. C., Kujal, P., Veszteg, R., Liaño, B. G.-G. de, Gunia, B., Weichselbaumer, D., Hilken, K., Antinyan, A., Delnoij, J., Proestakis, A., Tira, M. D., Pratomo, Y., Jaber-López, T., & Brañas-Garza, P. (2015). Context-dependent cheating: Experimental evidence from 16 countries. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Journal Article. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2015.04.020 Pashev, K. V. (2011). Corruption and accession: Evidence from public procurement in Bulgaria. Public Management Review, 13(3), 409–432. Pashev, K., Valev, N., & Pasheva, V. (2010). Corruption in the Tax Administration: Is there Scope for Wage Incentives? (No. 1023; International Center for Public Policy Working Paper Series, at AYSPS, GSU). https://ideas.repec.org/p/ays/ispwps/paper1023.html Passas, N. (2006). A Comparative Analysis of National Anti-Corruption Legislation and Programmes. UNDP. Passas, N. (2010). Anti-corruption agencies and the need for strategic approaches. Crime, Law and Social Change, 53(1), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-009-9230-0 Passas, N., & Claro, J. (2013). Effects of the Anti-Corruption Agenda on Government Procurement [Working Paper]. Patel, C. (2003). Some cross-cultural evidence on whistle-blowing as an internal control mechanism. Journal of International Accounting Research, 2, 69–96. Pathak, R., Singh, G., Belwal, R., & Smith, R. (2007). E-governance and Corruption-developments and Issues in Ethiopia. Public Organization Review, 7(3), 195–208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-007-0031-6 Pathak, Raghuvar D., Singh, G., Belwal, R., Naz, R., & Smith, R. F. I. (2008). E-governance, corruption and public service delivery: A comparative study of Fiji and Ethiopia. Journal of Administration and Governance, 3(1), 65–79. Pathak, Raghuvar Dutt, Naz, R., Rahman, M. H., Smith, R. F. I., & Nayan Agarwal, K. (2009). E-Governance to Cut Corruption in Public Service Delivery: A Case Study of Fiji. International Journal of Public Administration, 32(5), 415–437. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900690902799482 Pathak, S., Xavier-Oliveira, E., & Laplume, A. (2015). Entrepreneurship in transition economies: The role of corruption and individual attributes. Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 17(4), 427–446. https://doi.org/10.1080/19448953.2015.1063307 Pattie, C., & Johnston, R. (2012). The Electoral Impact of the UK 2009 MPs’ Expenses Scandal. 60(4), 730–750. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2011.00943.x

292

Paul, B. P. (2010). Does corruption foster growth in Bangladesh? International Journal of Development Issues, 9(3), 246–262. https://doi.org/10.1108/14468951011073325 Paulus, M., & Kristoufek, L. (2015). Worldwide clustering of the corruption perception. Physica A, 428(Journal Article), 351–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2015.01.065 Paunov, C. (2016). Corruption’s asymmetric impacts on firm innovation. Journal of Development Economics, 118(Journal Article), 216–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2015.07.006 Pauwelyn, J. (2013). Different Means, Same End: The Contribution of Trade and Investment Treaties to Anti-Corruption Policy. In Susan Rose-Ackerman & P. D. Carrington, Anti-corruption policy: Can international actors play a constructive role? Carolina Academic Press, 2013. Pavao, N. (2016). Conditional Cash Transfer Programs and Electoral Accountability: Evidence from Latin America. Latin American Politics and Society, 58(2), 74–99. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2016.00311.x Pavel, J., & Risticová, S. (2015). Analysis of Relationship between Indicators of the Public Procurement Market and the Level of Perceived Corruption in EU Member States. Economicky Casopis, 63(4), 372–394. Pavlik, J. (2017). Political importance and its relation to the federal prosecution of public corruption. Constitutional Political Economy, 28(4), 346–372. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10602-017-9243-0 Pavlova, E. (2015). The Russian Federation and European Union against Corruption: A Slight Misunderstanding? Perspectives on European Politics and Society, 16(1), 111. Pavlovska-Hilaiel, S. (2015). The EU’s Losing Battle Against Corruption in Bulgaria. Hague Journal of the Rule of Law, 7(2), 199–217. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40803-015-0015-5 Paxton, P., & Knack, S. (2012). Individual and country-level factors affecting support for foreign aid. International Political Science Review, 33(2), 171–192. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512111406095 Payne, J. E., & Saunoris, J. W. (2020). Corruption and Firm Tax Evasion in Transition Economies: Results from Censored Quantile Instrumental Variables Estimation. Atlantic Economic Journal, 48(2), 195–206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11293-020-09666-2 Pazmandy, M. (2011). Socio-Economic Influences on Corruption Perception—Empirical Evidence from 27 European Countries. Hamburg Review of Social Sciences, 5(3), 52–80. Peacock, R., & Cordner, G. (2016). “Shock Therapy” in Ukraine: A Radical Approach to Post‐Soviet Police Reform. Public Administration and Development, 36(2), 80–92. 293

https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.1748 Pearce, C. L., Manz, C. C., & Sims, H. P. (2008). The roles of vertical and shared leadership in the enactment of executive corruption: Implications for research and practice. The Leadership Quarterly, 19(3), 353–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2008.03.007 Pearlman, S. (2014). Officials Versus Thieves: Is Public or Private Expropriation More Harmful to Small Firms? Journal of Development Studies, 50(6), 773–788. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2014.895819 Pearson, Z. (2001a). An International Human Rights Approach to Corruption. In Peter Larmour & N. Wolanin, Corruption and anti-corruption. Asia Pacific Press. Pearson, Z. (2001b). Human Rights and Corruption. Centre for Democratic Instutions. Pechlivanos, L. (2005). Self-Enforcing Corruption: Institutional Transmission and Organizational Response. In J. Lambsdorff, M. Taube, & M. Schramm, The new institutional economics of corruption. Routledge. Pecujlija, M., Cosic, I., Nesic-Grubic, L., & Drobnjak, S. (2015). Corruption: Engineers are Victims, Perpetrators or Both? Science and Engineering Ethics, 21(4), 907–923. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-014-9569-1 Pedauga, L., Pedauga, L., & Delgado-Marquez, B. (2017). Relationships between corruption, political orientation, and income inequality: Evidence from Latin America. Applied Economics, 49(17), 1689–1705. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2016.1223830 Pedersen, E. M. (2008). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and Its Application to U.S. Business Operations in China. 7, 13–167. Pedigo, K. L., & Marshall, V. (2009). Bribery: Australian Managers’ Experiences and Responses When Operating in International Markets. Journal of Business Ethics, 87(1), 59–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9870-5 Pedroza, D. (2018). The Poverty-Corruption Nexus. Finance & Development, 55(3), 42–43. Peebles, D. (2018). Standing up for what’s right. Public Finance, 12, 42–42. Peiffer, C. (2012). From Islands of Integrity to Understanding the Politics of Corruption Reduction (DLP Research Paper 21). Peiffer, C., & Marquette, H. (2015). Theoretical (Mis)understanding? Applying Principal-Agent and Collective Action Theories tot eh Problem of Corruption in Systemically Corrupt Countries. In Routledge Companion to Ethics, Politics and Organizations. Taylor and Francis. Peiffer, C., & Rose, R. (2013). Why Do Africans Differ in Paying Bribes? [Working Paper]. 294

Peiffer, C., & Rose, R. (2014). Why Do Some Africans Pay Bribes While Other Africans Don’t? (Afrobarometer Working Paper No. 148). http://ssrn.com/abstract=2505997; http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2505997 Peisakhin, L. (2012). Transparency and Corruption: Evidence from India. Journal of Law and Economics, 55(1), 129–149. https://doi.org/10.1086/663727 Peisakhin, L., & Pinto, P. (2010). Is transparency an effective anti‐corruption strategy? Evidence from a field experiment in India. Regulation & Governance, 4(3), 261–280. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5991.2010.01081.x Peisakhin, L. V. (2006). Field Experimentation and the Study of Corruption. In Susan Rose-Ackerman, International handbook on the economics of corruption (pp. 335–355). Edward Elgar. Pellegata, A. (2013). Constraining political corruption: An empirical analysis of the impact of democracy. Democratization, 20(7), 1195–1218. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2012.688031 Pellegrini, L. (2011). Corruption, Development and the Environment. Springer Netherlands: Dordrecht. Pellegrini, L., & Gerlagh, R. (2004). Corruption’s Effect on Growth and its Transmission Channels. Kyklos, 57(3), 429–456. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0023-5962.2004.00261.x Pellegrini, L., & Gerlagh, R. (2006a). Corruption and environmental policies: What are the implications for the enlarged EU? European Environment, 16(3), 139–154. https://doi.org/10.1002/eet.414 Pellegrini, L., & Gerlagh, R. (2006b). Corruption, democracy, and environmental policy: An empirical contribution to the debate. Journal of Environment & Development, 15(3), 332. Pellegrini, L., & Gerlagh, R. (2008). Causes of corruption: A survey of cross-country analyses and extended results. Economics of Governance, 9(3), 245–263. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-007-0033-4 Pelletier, K., & Bligh, M. (2006). Rebounding from Corruption: Perceptions of Ethics Program Effectiveness in a Public Sector Organization. Journal of Business Ethics, 67(4), 359–374. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9027-3 Pelletier, K., & Bligh, M. (2008). The Aftermath of Organizational Corruption: Employee Attributions and Emotional Reactions. Journal of Business Ethics, 80(4), 823–844. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9471-8 Pendergast, S. M., Clarke, J. A., & Van Kooten, G. C. (2011). Corruption, Development and the Curse of Natural Resources. Canadian Journal of Political Science, 44(2), 411–437. 295

https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008423911000114 Pensute, C. (2014). Vote Buying and Violence in Thai Provincial Elections (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2489920). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2489920 Peoples, C. D., & Sutton, J. E. (2015). Congressional bribery as state-corporate crime: A social network analysis.(Report). 64(2–3), 103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-015-9584-4 Pepinsky, H. (1992). Corruption, bribery and patriarchy in Tanzania. Crime, Law and Social Change, 17(1), 25–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00190170 Pereira, C. (2015). Reelecting Corrupt Incumbents in Exchange for Public Goods: Rouba mas faz in Brazil. Latin American Research Review, 50(4), 88–115. Pereira, C., Melo, M. A., & Figueiredo, C. M. (2009). The Corruption-Enhancing Role of Re-Election Incentives? Counterintuitive Evidence from Brazil’s Audit Reports. Political Research Quarterly, 62(4), 731–744. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912908320664 Pereira, M., & Cruz Vieira, W. (2010). Corruption in a neoclassical growth model with a non-convex production function. International Review of Economics, 57(3), 335–346. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12232-010-0091-8 Peres, M., Ameer, W., & Xu, H. L. (2018). The impact of institutional quality on foreign direct investment inflows: Evidence for developed and developing countries. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istrazivanja, 31(1), 626–644. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2018.1438906 Perez, M. F., Brada, J. C., & Drabek, Z. (2011). Illicit money flows as motives for FDI. Journal of Comparative Economics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2011.03.007 Persily, N., & Lammie, K. (2004). Perceptions of corruption and campaign finance: When public opinion determines constitutional law.(Symposium: The Law of Democracy). University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 153(1), 119. Persson, A., & Rothstein, B. (2015). It’s My Money: Why Big Government May Be Good Government. Comparative Politics, 47(2), 1. Persson, A., Rothstein, B., & Teorell, J. (2012). Rethinking the nature of the grabbing hand. In S. Holmberg & B. Rothstein (Eds.), Good Government: The Relevance of Political Science (pp. 251–273). Edward Elgar Publishing. Persson, A., Rothstein, B., & Teorell, J. (2013). Why Anticorruption Reforms Fail—Systemic Corruption as a Collective Action Problem. Governance, 26(3), 449–471. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0491.2012.01604.x

296

Persson, A., & Sjöstedt, M. (2012). State Legitimacy and the Corruptibility of Leaders. In B. Rothstein & S. Holmberg (Eds.), Good Government: The Relevance of Political Science. Edward Elgar Publishing. Persson, T. (2003). The economic effects of constitutions. MIT Press. Persson, T., Tabellini, G., & Trebbi, F. (2003). Electoral Rules and Corruption. Journal of the European Economic Association, 1(4), 958–989. https://doi.org/10.1162/154247603322493203 Peters, A. (2015). Corruption and Human Rights (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2635443). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2635443 Peters, J. G., & Welch, S. (1980). The Effects of Charges of Corruption on Voting Behavior in Congressional Elections. The American Political Science Review, 74(3), 697–708. https://doi.org/10.2307/1958151 Petkoski, D., Warren, D. E., & Laufer, W. S. (2009). Collective Strategies in Fighting Corruption: Some Intuitions and Counter Intuitions. Journal of Business Ethics, 88(S4), 815–822. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0321-8 Petrescu, I. (2016). Size Matters: Entrepreneurship and Institutions. Management Dynamics in the Knowledge Economy, 4(1), 63–80. Petros, L., Drogalas, G., Karagiorgos, A., & Chlorou, A. (2019). Tax compliance during fiscal depression periods: The case of Greece. EuroMed Journal of Business, 14(3), 274–291. https://doi.org/10.1108/EMJB-02-2019-0028 Petrou, A. (2014). Bank Foreign Affiliate Performance in the Face of Pervasive and Arbitrary Corruption. European Management Review, 11(3–4), 209. Petrou, A. P. (2015). Arbitrariness of corruption and foreign affiliate performance: A resource dependence perspective. Journal of World Business, Journal Article. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2015.04.004 Petty, A. R. (2006). How qui tam actions could fight public corruption. University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, 39(4), 851–888. Peyton, K., & Belasen, A. R. (2012). Corruption in Emerging and Developing Economies: Evidence from a Pooled Cross-Section. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 48(2), 29–43. https://doi.org/10.2753/REE1540-496X480202 Pezzulo, D. (1998). Journalist Training to Curb Corruption. Economic Perspectives, 3(5), 30–33. Pharr, S. (2002). Public Trust and Corruption in Japan. In A. J. Heidenheimer & M. Johnston (Eds.), Political Corruption, Concepts and Contexts (3rd ed., pp. 835–862). Transaction

297

Publishers. Pharr, S. (2005). Contributions, Covenants, and Corruption: Politicians and Society in Japan. In M. Johnston & Colgate University. Center for Ethics and World Societies, Civil society and corruption: Mobilizing for reform. University Press of America. Philip Urofsky, H. W. (Marina) M. & Jennifer Rimm. (2012). How Should We Measure the Effectiveness of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act? Don’t Break What Isn’t Broken-The Fallacies of Reform. Ohio State Law Journal, 73, 1145–1485. Phillips, T. J. (2014). The Federal Common Law of Successor Liability and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Forthcoming __ William and Mary Business Law Review __ (2015), Journal Article. Philp, M. (1997). Defining Political Corruption. Political Studies, 45(3), 436–462. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00090 Philp, M. (2006). Corruption Definition and Measurement. In C. J. G. Sampford, Measuring corruption (pp. 46–56). Ashgate. Philp, M. (2008). Peacebuilding and Corruption. International Peacekeeping, 15(3), 310–327. https://doi.org/10.1080/13533310802058786 Philp, M. (2014). New Advances in Experimental Research on Corruption. Political Studies Review, 12(1), 136–136. https://doi.org/10.1111/1478-9302.12041_76 Philp, M. (2015). The Definition of Political Corruption. In P. Heywood, Routledge handbook of political corruption. Routledge. Philp, M. (2018). The Corruption of Politics. Social Philosophy and Policy, 35(2), 73–93. https://doi.org/10.1017/S026505251900013X Philp, M., & Dávid-Barrett, E. (2015). Realism About Political Corruption. Annual Review of Political Science, 18(Journal Article), 387–402. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-092012-134421 Pi, J., & Zhou, Y. (2015). The impacts of corruption on wage inequality and rural-urban migration in developing countries. The Annals of Regional Science, 54(3), 753–768. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00168-015-0674-0 Picur, R. D., & Riahi-Belkaoui, A. (2006). The impact of bureaucracy, corruption and tax compliance. Review of Accounting and Finance, 5(2), 174–180. https://doi.org/10.1108/14757700610668985 Pierce, S. (2006). Looking like a State: Colonialism and the Discourse of Corruption in Northern Nigeria. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 48(4), 887–914.

298

Pieroni, L., & D’Agostino, G. (2013). Corruption and the effects of economic freedom. European Journal of Political Economy, 29, 54–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2012.08.002 Pieroni, Luca, & D’Agostino, G. (2008). Military Spending, Corruption and Economic Growth. Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy, 14(3). https://doi.org/10.2202/1554-8597.1141 Pierre, N. (2015). Foreign Direct Investment: Rule of Law and Corruption. Asia-Pacific Journal of Financial Studies, 44(2), 281–297. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajfs.12089 Pieth, M. (2013). From Talk to Action: The OECD Experience. In Susan Rose-Ackerman & P. D. Carrington, Anti-corruption policy: Can international actors play a constructive role? Carolina Academic Press, 2013. Pieth, M., Low, L. A., & Bonucci, N. (2014). The OECD Convention on bribery: A commentary (2nd edition.). Cambridge University Press. Pietrzyk-Reeves, D. (2006). Corruption And Democratization: A Civic Republican View. Acta Politica, 41(4), 370. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ap.5500137 Piga. (2006). A Fighting Chance Against Corruption in Public Procurement? In Susan Rose-Ackerman & T. Søreide, International handbook on the economics of corruption. Edward Elgar-c2011. Pilapitiya, T. (2004). Impact of Corruption on the Human Rights Based Approach to Development. United Nations Development Programme. Pillay, S., & Dorasamy, N. (2010). Linking cultural dimensions with the nature of corruption: An institutional theory perspective. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 10(3), 363–378. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470595810389793 Pillay, S., & Kluvers, R. (2014). An Institutional Theory Perspective on Corruption: The Case of a Developing Democracy. Financial Accountability & Management, 30(1), 95–119. https://doi.org/10.1111/faam.12029 Pina, V., Torres, L., & Royo, S. (2007). Are ICTs Improving Transparency and Accountability in the EU Regional and Local Governments?: An Empirical Study. Public Administration, 85(2), 449–472. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9299.2007.00654.x Pines, D. (1994). Amending the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act to Include a Private Right of Action. California Law Review, 82(1), 185–229. https://doi.org/10.2307/3480852 Pino, N. W., & Johnson, L. M. (2011). Police deviance and community relations in Trinidad and Tobago. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 34(3), 454–478. https://doi.org/10.1108/13639511111157519 299

Pinto, J., Leana, C. R., & Pil, F. (2008). Corrupt organizations or organizations of corrupt individuals? Two types of organization-level corruption. Academy Of Management Review, 33(3), 685–709. Piotrowski, S. J., & Ingrams, A. (2016). Linking Corruption with Institutional Failure, Terrorism, and Religious Extremism. Public Administration Review, 76(2), 360–363. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12518 Piplica, D. (2015). Corruption and Political Viewpoint of the Governments in Transition Countries/EU Members. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 5(1), 73–87. Piquero, N. L., & Albanese, J. S. (n.d.). The Relationship between Corruption and Financial Crime. Pisor, A. C., & Gurven, M. (2015). Corruption and the Other(s): Scope of Superordinate Identity Matters for Corruption Permissibility. PLoS ONE, 10(12). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0144542 Pitlik, H., Frank, B., & Firchow, M. (2010). The demand for transparency: An empirical note. The Review of International Organizations, 5(2), 177–195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-009-9073-6 Pjesivac, I. (2016). Do Demographics Matter?: Individual differences in perceived news media corruption in Serbia. Journalism Practice, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2016.1172943 Pleines, H., & Wöstheinrich, R. (2016). The International-Domestic Nexus in Anti-corruption Policy Making: The Case of Caspian Oil and Gas States. Europe - Asia Studies, 68(2), 291–311. https://doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2015.1126232 Pless, J., & Fell, H. (2017). Bribes, bureaucracies, and blackouts: Towards understanding how corruption at the firm level impacts electricity reliability. Resource And Energy Economics, 47, 36–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reseneeco.2016.11.001 Plummer, J. (2012). Diagnosing Corruption in Ethiopia: Perceptions, Realities, and the Way Forward for Key Sectors. United States: World Bank Publications. Podobnik, B., Horvatić, D., Kenett, D. Y., & Stanley, H. E. (2012). The competitiveness versus the wealth of a country. Scientific Reports, 2. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep00678 Podobnik, B., Shao, J., Njavro, D., Ivanov, P., & Stanley, H. (2008). Influence of corruption on economic growth rate and foreign investment. The European Physical Journal B, 63(4), 547–550. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2008-00210-2 Podobnik, B., Vukovic, V., & Stanley, H. (2015). Does the Wage Gap between Private and Public Sectors Encourage Political Corruption? PLoS One, 10(10). 300

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0141211 Poeschl, G., & Ribeiro, R. (2012). Everyday opinions on grand and petty corruption: A Portuguese study (OBEGEF Working Paper No. 013). OBEGEF - Observatório de Economia e Gestão de Fraude & OBEGEF Working Papers on Fraud and Corruption. https://ideas.repec.org/p/por/obegef/013.html Pogge, T. (2005). Recognized and Violated by International Law: The Human Rights of the Global Poor. Leiden Journal of International Law, 18(4), 717–745. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0922156505002980 Poirson, H. (1998). Economic Security, Private Investment, and Growth in Developing Countries (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 882216). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=882216 Poisson, M. (2014). Grabbing in the education sector. Polese, A. (2014). Informal Payments in Ukrainian Hospitals: On the Boundary between Informal Payments, Gifts, and Bribes. Anthropological Forum, 24(4), 381–395. https://doi.org/10.1080/00664677.2014.953445 Polese, A., Stepurko, T., & Morris, J. (2020). Informality and (Lack of) State Legitimacy in Ukraine: A View from the Higher Educational Sector. In Corruption in Higher Education (pp. 123–131). Brill Sense. https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789004433885/BP000023.xml Polinsky, A. M., & Shavell, S. (2001). Corruption and optimal law enforcement. Journal of Public Economics, 81(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(00)00127-4 Polishchuk, L. I. (2004). Decentralization in Russia: Impact on Quality of Governance. In M. S. Kimenyi & P. Meagher, Devolution and development: Governance prospects in decentralizing states. Ashgate. Pollack, B. J., & Reisinger, A. W. (2014). Lone Wolf Or the Start of a New Pack: Should the Fcpa Guidance Represent a New Paradigm in Evaluating Corporate Criminal Liability Risks? American Criminal Law Review, 51(1), 121–150. Pollack, B., & Matear, A. (1996). Dictatorship, democracy and corruption in Chile. Crime, Law and Social Change, 25(4), 371–382. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00572516 Polo, M. (1998). Electoral competition and political rents [Working Paper]. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=143851 Polzer, T. (2001). Corruption: Deconstructing the World Bank Discourse (Working Paper 01-18). LSE Development Studies Institute.

301

Pomerantsev. (2014). Revolutionary Tactics: Insights from Police and Justice Reform in Georgia. Legatum Institute. Ponemon, L. A. (1992). Ethical reasoning and selection-socialization in accounting. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 17(3), 239–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/0361-3682(92)90023-L Poon, D. (1996). Exposure to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: A guide for the U.S. companies with activities in the People’s Republic of China to minimize liability. Hastings International and Comparative Law Review, 19(2), 327–355. Pop, I. A. (2012). Acceptance of corrupt acts: A comparative study of values regarding corruption in Europe. Journal of Social Research & Policy, 3(1), 27–42. Popa, M. (2014a). Legislative Bargaining and Open Access: Economic Reform in 19th Century Britain [Working Paper]. Popa, M. (2014b). The Distributive Effects of Corruption. Political Science Research and Methods, 2(2), 273–296. https://doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2013.29 Popa, M. (2015). Elites and Corruption. World Politics, 67(2), 313–352. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043887115000040 Pope, J. (2000). Confronting corruption: The elements of a national integrity system. Transparency International. Pope, J., & Vogl, F. (2000). Making anticorruption agencies more effective. Finance and Development, 37(2), 6–9. Pope, K. S. (2015). Steps to Strengthen Ethics in Organizations: Research Findings, Ethics Placebos, and What Works. Journal Of Trauma & Dissociation; J.Trauma Dissociation, 16(2), 139–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2015.995021 Popescu, A.-I. (2015). Financing Democracy or Corruption? Political Party Financing in the EU’s Southeastern and Eastern Member States. CES Working Papers, 7(2), 573–581. Popoola, O. M. J., Che-Ahmad, A., & Samsudin, R. S. (2015). An empirical investigation of fraud risk assessment and knowledge requirement on fraud related problem representation in Nigeria. Accounting Research Journal, 28(1), 78–97. Popov, S. V. (2015). Decentralized bribery and market participation. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 117(1), 108–125. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjoe.12081 Popova, M. (2012). Why Doesn’t the Bulgarian Judiciary Prosecute Corruption? Problems of Post-Communism, 59(5), 35–49. https://doi.org/10.2753/PPC1075-8216590503 Poprawe, M. (2015a). A panel data analysis of the effect of corruption on tourism. Applied 302

Economics, 47(23), 2399–2412. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2015.1005874 Poprawe, M. (2015b). On the relationship between corruption and migration: Empirical evidence from a gravity model of migration. Public Choice, 163(3–4), 337–354. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-015-0255-x Porter, L. E., & Prenzler, T. (2016). The code of silence and ethical perceptions. Policing, 39(2), 370–386. Porter, L., & Warrender, C. (2009). A multivariate model of police deviance: Examining the nature of corruption, crime and misconduct. Policing and Society, 19(1), 79–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439460802457719 Porter, R. H., & Zona, J. D. (1993). Detection of bid rigging in procurement auctions. The Journal of Political Economy, 101(3), 518–538. Porto, M. (2011). The Media and Political Accountability. In T. J. Power & M. M. Taylor, Corruption and democracy in Brazil: The struggle for accountability. University of Notre Dame Press. Posadas, A. (2000). Combating corruption under international law. Duke Journal of Comparative & International Law, 10(2), 345–414. Posthuma, R. A. (2021). High Compliance Work Systems: Innovative Solutions for Firm Success and Control of Foreign Corruption. Business Horizons. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2021.02.038 Potrafke, N. (2011). Intelligence and corruption. Economics Letters. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2011.09.040 Potrafke, N. (2018). Electoral cycles in perceived corruption: International empirical evidence. Journal of Comparative Economics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2018.11.003 Pottenger, M. (2014). Incentives and norms in anticorruption reform. Australian Journal of Public Administration, 73(4), 482–490. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.12111 Potter, J. D. (2011). Curbing corruption with political institutions. Potts, T. (2014). Governance, corruption and Olympic success. Applied Economics, 46(31), 3882–3891. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2014.948672 Power, T. J., & Taylor, M. M. (2011). Corruption and democracy in Brazil: The struggle for accountability. University of Notre Dame Press. Powpaka, S. (2002). Factors Affecting Managers’ Decision to Bribe: An Empirical Investigation. Journal of Business Ethics, 40(3), 227–246. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020589612191

303

Pradhan. (2007). The Many Faces of Corruption. The World Bank. http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/abs/10.1596/978-0-8213-6725-4 Prasad, A., & Shivarajan, S. (2015). Understanding the role of technology in reducing corruption: A transaction cost approach. Journal of Public Affairs (14723891), 15(1), 19–36. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.1484 Prasser, S. (2012). Australian integrity agencies in critical perspective. Policy Studies, 33(1), 21–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2011.637325 Prato, G. (2004). Devil Is Not as Wicked as People Believe, Neither Is the Albanian’: Corruption Between Moral Discourses and National Identity. In I. Pardo (Ed.), Between morality and the law: Corruption, anthropology and comparative society. Ashgate. Precupetu, I. (2012). Systemic Factors of Corruption in Romania: Evidence from Discourses on Corruption. In D. Tänzler, K. Maras, & A. Giannakopoulos, The social construction of corruption in Europe. Ashgate Pub. Prendergast, C. (1999). Investigating Corruption. The World Bank. http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/abs/10.1596/1813-9450-2500 Prenzler, T. (2009). Police corruption: Preventing misconduct and maintaining integrity. CRC Press. Prenzler, T., Beckley, A., & Bronitt, S. (2013). Police Gifts and Benefits Scandals: Addressing Deficits in Policy, Leadership and Enforcement. International Journal of Police Science & Management, 15(4), 294–304. https://doi.org/10.1350/ijps.2013.15.4.319 Price, M. (2006). Case Study: Integrity Due Diligence. In Business Against Corruption: Case Stories and Examples (Vol. 1, pp. 119–126). Price, P. (1999). Cosmologies and Corruption in (South) India—Thinking Aloud. Forum for Development Studies, 2, 315–327. Priess, H.-J. (2013). Questionable Assumptions: The Case for Updating the Suspension and Debarment Regimes at the Multilateral Development Banks. The George Washington International Law Review, 45(2), 271–289. Priks, M. (2011). Judiciaries in corrupt societies. Economics of Governance, 12(1), 75–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-010-0082-y Priks, M. (2012). Competition among officials and the abuse of power. Public Choice, 150(3), 425–438. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-010-9709-3 Primakov, D. (2019). Role of government’s legal adviser in curbing corruption in Israel. Journal of Financial Crime, 26(1), 195–202. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-12-2017-0125

304

Proskuryakova, L., Abdrakhmanova, G., & Pitlik, H. (2013). Public Sector E-Innovations: E-Government and Its Impact on Corruption (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2206964). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2206964 Prud’Homme, R. (1995). The Dangers of Decentralization. The World Bank Research Observer, 10(2), 201. Puckett, B. (2008). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, OPIC, and the Retreat from Transparency. 15(1), 149–176. https://doi.org/10.2979/GLS.2008.15.1.149 Puckett, B. (2010). Clans and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: Individualized corruption prosecution in situations of systemic corruption. Georgetown Journal of International Law, 41(4), 815. Puglisi, R., & James M. Snyder, Jr. (2008). Media Coverage of Political Scandals (Working Paper No. 14598). National Bureau of Economic Research. http://www.nber.org/papers/w14598 Pulok, M. H. (2010). The impact of corruption on economic development of Bangladesh: Evidence on the basis of an extended Solow model [Working Paper]. https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28755 Punch, M. (2000). Police Corruption and its Prevention. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 8(3), 301–324. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008777013115 Purcell, A. J. (2016). Australian local government corruption and misconduct. Journal of Financial Crime, 23(1), 102–118. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-10-2013-0060 Purohit. (2007). Corruption in Tax Administration. In A. Shah, Performance accountability and combating corruption. World Bank. Putra, A. M., Pagalung, G., & Habbe, A. H. (2018). Level of agency cost driven by cultural and corruption and earnings management: Evidence of South East Asia countries. Intangible Capital, 14(4), 499–517. https://doi.org/10.3926/ic.1289 Pyman, M. J. (2012). Arresting Corruption in the Police: The Global Experience of Police Corruption Reform Efforts. Transparency International UK. Qian, N., & Wen, J. (2015). Xi Jinping’s Anti-Corruption Campaign and the Import of Luxury Goods in China [Working Paper]. Qizilbash, M. (2001). Corruption and Human Development: A Conceptual Discussion. Oxford Development Studies, 29(3), 265–278. https://doi.org/10.1080/13600810120088868 Quade, E. A. (2007). The Logic of Anticorruption Enforcement Campaigns in Contemporary China. Journal of Contemporary China, 16(50), 65–77.

305

https://doi.org/10.1080/10670560601026751 Quah. (2009). Benchmarking for Excellence: A Comparative Analysis of Seven Asian Anti-Corruption Agencies. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Administration, 31(2), 171–195. Quah, J. (n.d.). Minimizing Corruption in China: Is This an Impossible Dream? (Maryland Series in Contemporary Asian Studies, No. 4.). Retrieved July 11, 2016, from https://www.law.umaryland.edu/programs/international/eastasia/MSCAS2013_4.html Quah, J. (1994). Controlling corruption in city-states: A comparative study of Hong Kong and Singapore. Crime, Law and Social Change, 22(4), 391–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01302927 Quah, J. (2004). Democratization and political corruption in the Philippines and South Korea: A comparative analysis. Crime, Law and Social Change, 42(1), 61–81. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CRIS.0000041038.66924.8b Quah, J. (2009). Curbing Corruption in a One-Party Dominant System: Learning from Singapore’s Experience. In Ting Gong & S. K. Ma, Preventing corruption in Asia: Institutional design and policy capacity. Routledge. Quah, J. (2010). Defying institutional failure: Learning from the experiences of anti-corruption agencies in four Asian countries. Crime, Law and Social Change, 53(1), 23–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-009-9213-1 Quah, J. S. T. (1999). Comparing anti-corruption measures in Asian countries: Lessons to be learnt. Published by Pagesetters Services PTE Ltd. for Center for Advanced Studies, National University of Singapore. Quah, J. S. T. (2003). Curbing corruption in Asia: A comparative study of six countries. Eastern Universities Press. Quah, J. S. T. (2009). Combating corruption in the Asia-Pacific countries: What do we know and what needs to be done? Quah, J. S. T. (2010a). Curbing Corruption in the Philippines: Is this an Impossible Dream? Philippine Journal of Public Administration, 54(1–2), 1–43. Quah, J. S. T. (2010b). Trust and Governance in the Philippines and Singapore: A comparative Analysis. International Public Management Review, 11(2), 4–37. Quah, J. S. T. (2015a). Evaluating the effectiveness of anti- corruption agencies in five Asian countries. Asian Education and Development Studies, 4(1), 143–143. Quah, J. S. T. (2015b). Singapore’s Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau. Asian Education and

306

Development Studies, 4(1), 76–76. Quah, J. S. T. (2016a). Combating corruption in six Asian countries: A comparative analysis. Asian Education and Development Studies, 5(2), 244–262. Quah, J. S. T. (2016b). Minimising corruption in Myanmar: An impossible dream? Asian Education and Development Studies, 5(2), 175–194. Quazi, R., Alam, A., & Tandon, S. (2015). Impact of Foreign Aid on Corruption: An Econometric Case Study of South Asia and East Asia. Global Journal of Business Research, 9(4), 17–30. Quazi, R. M. (2014). Corruption and Foreign Direct Investment in East Asia and South Asia: An Econometric Study. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 4(2), 231–242. Quazi, R., Vemuri, V., & Soliman, M. (2014). Impact of Corruption on Foreign Direct Investment in Africa. International Business Research, 7(4), 1. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v7n4p1 Querubin, P., & Snyder, J. (2013). The Control of Politicians in Normal Times and Times of Crisis: Wealth Accumulation by U.S. Congressmen, 1850-1880. Quarterly Journal of Political Science, 8(4), 409–450. https://doi.org/10.1561/100.00012104 Quinones, E. (2000). What is corruption? Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. The OECD Observer, 220, 23–24. Quinones, E. (2003). The OECD Convention and Asia. In J. Kidd & F.-J. Richter, Fighting Corruption in Asia (pp. 27–45). WORLD SCIENTIFIC. http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/9789812795397_0002 Quiroz, A. W. (2008). Corrupt circles: A history of unbound graft in Peru. Woodrow Wilson Center Press ; Baltimore. Rabl, T. (2006). What Makes Decision-Makers in Companies to Act Corruptly? - An Action Model. International Journal of Knowledge, Culture & Change Management, 6(2), 103–110. Rabl, T. (2008). Private corruption and its actors: Insights into the subjective decision making processes. Pabst Science Publishers. Rabl, T. (2011). The Impact of Situational Influences on Corruption in Organizations. Journal of Business Ethics, 100(1), 85–101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-0768-2 Rabl, T. (2015). When allegedly corrupt organizations are attractive. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 30(7), 771–785.

307

Rabl, T., & Kühlmann, T. (2008). Understanding Corruption in Organizations – Development and Empirical Assessment of an Action Model. Journal of Business Ethics, 82(2), 477–495. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9898-6 Rabl, T., & Kühlmann, T. M. (2009). Why or why not? Rationalizing corruption in organizations. Cross Cultural Management, 16(3), 268–286. https://doi.org/10.1108/13527600910977355 Rabnawaz, A. (2015). Corruption, Inequality and Economic Growth. Developing Country Studies, 5(15), 106–111. Rachmilevitch, S. (2013). Bribing in first-price auctions. Games and Economic Behavior, 77(1), 214–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geb.2012.10.005 Radin, D. (2016). Why health care corruption needs a new approach. Journal of Health Services Research & Policy, 21(3), 212–214. https://doi.org/10.1177/1355819615614870 Radu, I., Sabau, M., Sendroiu, C., & Pete, S. (2015). Coercive Economic Diplomacy – Corruption Trigger or Deterrent. Economic Computation And Economic Cybernetics Studies And Research; Econ.Comput.Econ.Cybern.Stud., 49(1). Raeschke-Kessler, H., & Gottwald, D. (2008). Corruption in Foreign Investment-Contracts and Dispute Settlement between Investors, States, and Agents. The Journal of World Investment & Trade, 9(1), vii–33. https://doi.org/10.1163/221190008X00296 Rajagopal, B. (1999). Corruption, legitimacy and human rights: The dialectic of the relationship. Connecticut Journal of International Law, 14(2), 495–507. Rajan, R., & Subramanian, A. (2007). Does Aid Affect Governance. American Economic Review, 97(2), 322–327. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.97.2.322 Rajkumar, A. S., & Swaroop, V. (2008). Public spending and outcomes: Does governance matter? Journal of Development Economics, 86(1), 96–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2007.08.003 Ralchev, P. (2004). The role of civil society in fighting corruption and organized crime in Southeast Europe. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 4(2), 325–331. https://doi.org/10.1080/1468385042000247600 Ramalho, R. (2007). The persistence of corruption: Evidence from the 1992 presidential impeachment in Brazil (No. 45250; pp. 1–34). The World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/01/9831549/persistence-corruption-evid ence-1992-presidential-impeachment-brazil Ramamoorthy, N., Kulkarni, S. P., & Gupta, A. (2015). To Bribe or Not to Bribe? Determinants in the Indian Context. European Management Review, 12(4), 247–259. 308

https://doi.org/10.1111/emre.12053 Ramasastry, A. (2007). Odious debt or odious payments? Using anti-corruption measures to prevent odious debt. North Carolina Journal of International Law and Commercial Regulation, 32(4), 819–839. Ramirez, C. D. (2014). Is corruption in China “out of control”? A comparison with the US in historical perspective. JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE ECONOMICS, 42(1), 76–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2013.07.003 Ramkumar, V. (n.d.). Our Money, Our Responsibility: A Citizens’ Guide to Monitoring Government Expenditures. GSDRC. Retrieved July 11, 2016, from http://www.gsdrc.org/document-library/our-money-our-responsibility-a-citizens-guide-to -monitoring-government-expenditures/ Ramkumar, V. (2007). Expanding Collaboration between SAIs and Civil Society. International Journal of Government Auditing, 34(2), 15–19. Ramkumar, V., & Krafchik, W. (n.d.). The Role of Civil Society Organizations in Auditing and Public Finance Management. Retrieved July 11, 2016, from http://www.u4.no/recommended-reading/the-role-of-civil-society-organizations-in-auditi ng-and-public-finance-management/ Rand, J., & Tarp, F. (2012). Firm-Level Corruption in Vietnam. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 60(3), 571–595. https://doi.org/10.1086/664022 Randall, D. M., & Fernandes, M. F. (1991). The social desirability response bias in ethics research. Journal of Business Ethics, 10(11), 805–817. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00383696 Randall, L. H. (1997). Multilateralization of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Minnesota Journal of Global Trade, 6, 657–657. Randrianarisoa, L. M., Bolduc, D., Choo, Y. Y., Oum, T. H., & Yan, J. (2015). Effects of corruption on efficiency of the European airports. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 79(Journal Article), 65. Raouf, M. A. (2009). How Should International Arbitrators Tackle Corruption Issues? ICSID Review, 24(1), 116–136. https://doi.org/10.1093/icsidreview/24.1.116 Rashid, S. (1981). Public Utilities in Egalitarian LDC’s: The Role of Bribery in Achieving Pareto Efficiency. Kyklos, 34(3), 448. Rasmusen, E., & Ramseyer, J. M. (1994). Cheap bribes and the corruption ban: A coordination game among rational legislators. Public Choice (1986-1998), 78(3–4), 305.

309

Ratcliffe, R. (2014). The FCPA’s Legacy: A Case for Imposing Aiding-and-Abetting Liability on Corporations Through an Amended Alien Tort Claims Act. Texas International Law Journal, 49(1), 83–119. Rauch, J. E. (1995). Bureaucracy, Infrastructure, and Economic Growth: Evidence from U.S. Cities During the Progressive Era. The American Economic Review, 85(4), 968–979. Rauh, J. (2015). Predicting Political Influence on State Ethics Commissions: Of Course We Are Ethical-Nudge Nudge, Wink Wink. Public Administration Review, 75(1), 98–110. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12290 Rauh, W. J. (2016). Changing Ethics Policies Without Scandal: State Responses to Published Reports and the Importance of Accurate Information. Public Integrity, 18(3), 308–335. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2016.1139530 Rayner, H. (2012). Corruption in France: Structural and Contextual Conditions. In D. Tanzler, M. Konstadinos, & A. Giannakopoulos (Eds.), The Social Construction of Corruption in Europe (pp. 107–132). Ashgate. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=HxWgCwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA10 7&dq=Rayner,+Herve.+2012.+%E2%80%9CCorruption+in+France:+Structural+and+Co ntextual+Conditions%E2%80%9D,+in+Dirk+Tanzler,+Konstadinos+Maras+%26+Angel os+Giannakopoulos+eds.,+The+Social+Construction+of+Corruption+in+Europe+(Ashga te),+pp.+107-132.&ots=nMrsPkqyU5&sig=QsGgS54jrc4ijgzSf-jcxbbfrsw Razafindrakoto, M., & Roubaud, F. (2007). Corruption, Institutional Discredit, and Exclusion of the Poor: A Poverty Trap (Afrobarometer Working Paper 86). Razzano, F. C., & Nelson, T. P. (2008). The expanding criminalization of transnational bribery: Global prosecution necessitates global compliance. International Lawyer, 42(4), 1259+. LegalTrac. Recanatini, F. (2011). Anti-corruption authorities: An effective tool to curb corruption? In Susan Rose-Ackerman & T. Soreide (Eds.), International Handbook on the Economics of Corruption, Vol. II. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://ideas.repec.org/h/elg/eechap/14003_19.html Recanatini, F. (2012). Assessing Corruption at the Country Level. In A. Graycar & R. G. Smith (Eds.), Handbook of Global Research and Practice in Corruption. Edward Elgar. Recanatini, F. (2013). Tackling Corruption and Promoting Better Governance: The Road Ahead. In Susan Rose-Ackerman & P. D. Carrington (Eds.), Anti-Corruption Policy: Can International Actors Play a Constructive Role? (pp. 55–74). Carolina Academic Press. Record, R. (2005). Corruption, good governance and the economic development of Vietnam [Working Paper]. 310

http://www.grips.ac.jp/vietnam/VDFTokyo/Doc/1stConf18Jun05/OPP02RichardPPR.pdf Reed, Q. (2008). Conflicts of Interest and How To Regulate Them (U4 Issue 2008:6). Reed, Q., & Fontana, A. (2011). Corruption and Illicit Financial Flows: The Limits and possibilities of current approaches (U4 Issue Paper 2011:3). Reed, S. R. (1996). Political corruption in Japan. International Social Science Journal, 48(149), 395–405. Reed, S. R. (1999). Punishing corruption: The response of the Japanese electorate to scandals. Political Psychology in Japan: Behind the Nails Which Sometimes Stick out (and Get Hammered down). Commack, NY: Nova Science. Rehren, A. (1996). Corruption and local politics in Chile. Crime, Law and Social Change, 25(4), 323–334. Rehren, A. (2009). The Crisis of the Democratic State. In C. H. BLAKE & S. D. MORRIS (Eds.), Corruption and Democracy in Latin America (pp. 46–59). University of Pittsburgh Press; JSTOR. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt9qh6n2.5 Reinikka, R., & Svensson, J. (2004). Local Capture: Evidence from a Central Government Transfer Program in Uganda. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 119(2), 679–705. Reinikka, R., & Svensson, J. (2006). How corruption affects service delivery and what can be done about it. In Susan Rose-Ackerman (Ed.), International Handbook on the Economics of Corruption (p. 441). http://www.lcis.com.tw/paper_store/paper_store/Edward%20Elgar%20-%20Inter_T-201 4124212462-201412443258515.pdf#page=480 Reisberg, L. (2020). Challenges to Eradicating Academic Corruption: Concluding Thoughts. In Corruption in Higher Education (pp. 175–182). Brill Sense. https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789004433885/BP000033.xml Reisman, W. M. (1989). Harnessing International Law to Restrain and Recapture Indigenous Spoliations. The American Journal of International Law, 83(1), 56–59. https://doi.org/10.2307/2202791 Reiter, S. L., & Steensma, H. K. (2010). Human Development and Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries: The Influence of FDI Policy and Corruption. World Development, 38(12), 1678–1691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2010.04.005 Relly, J. E. (2011). Corruption, secrecy, and access-to-information legislation in Africa: A cross-national study of political institutions. In S. Maret (Ed.), Research in social problems and public policy–Government secrecy (pp. 325–352). http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/pdf/10.1108/S0196-1152(2011)0000019021 311

Relly, J. E. (2012). Examining a model of vertical accountability: A cross-national study of the influence of information access on the control of corruption. Government Information Quarterly, 29(3), 335–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2012.02.011 Relly, J. E., & Cuillier, D. (2010). A comparison of political, cultural, and economic indicators of access to information in Arab and non-Arab states. Government Information Quarterly, 27(4), 360–370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2010.04.004 Relly, J. E., Rabbi, M. F., Sabharwal, M., Pakanati, R., & Schwalbe, E. H. (2020). More than a decade in the making: A study of the implementation of India’s Right to Information Act. World Development, 136, 105088-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105088 Relly, J. E., & Sabharwal, M. (2009). Perceptions of transparency of government policymaking: A cross-national study. Government Information Quarterly, 26(1), 148–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2008.04.002 Remmer, K. L. (2007). The Political Economy of Patronage: Expenditure Patterns in the Argentine Provinces, 1983–2003. The Journal of Politics, 69(2), 363–377. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2508.2007.00537.x Rennó, L. (2011). Corruption and voting. In T. Power & M. Taylor (Eds.), Corruption and Democracy in Brazil: The Struggle for Accountability. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press (pp. 56–78). University of Notre Dame Press. Reno, W. (2008). Anti-corruption Efforts in Liberia: Are they Aimed at the Right Targets? International Peacekeeping, 15(3), 387–404. https://doi.org/10.1080/13533310802058968 Renoe, C. E. (2002). Institutionalized Corruption: Implications for Legal Reform in Indonesia and the Need to Make Haste Slowly. Stanford Journal of East Asian Affairs, 2, 102–113. Reuben, E., & Stephenson, M. (2013). Nobody likes a rat: On the willingness to report lies and the consequences thereof. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 93, 384–391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2013.03.028 Rey, A., Rothe, J., & Marple, A. (2017). Path-Disruption Games: Bribery and a Probabilistic Model. Theory Of Computing Systems, 60(2), 222–252. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00224-016-9669-1 Reyes Jr., V. C. (2007). Corruption and Policy Implementation in the Philippines: A Comparative Analysis of the Teacher Training and Textbook Delivery Programmes. Asian Journal of Political Science, 15(1), 97–125. https://doi.org/10.1080/02185370701315657 Reyes, V. C. (2009a). Case study of implementation amidst corruption linkages: The National

312

Textbook Delivery Program (TDP) of the Philippine Department of Education. Journal of Education Policy, 24(4), 515–535. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680930902823021 Reyes, V. C. (2009b). Systemic Corruption and the Programme on Basic Education in the Philippine Department of Education. Journal of Developing Societies, 25(4), 481–510. https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X0902500404 Reyes, V. C. (2010). The Philippine Department of Education: Challenges of policy implementation amidst corruption. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 30(4), 381–400. https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2010.519696 Rhee, Z. (2001). Efforts to Create an Anti-Corruption Corproate Culture in Korea. In K. ADB-OECD Conference on Combatting Corruption in the Asia-Pacific Region : Seoul (Ed.), Progress in the fight against corruption in Asia and the Pacific: Papers presented at the joint ABD-OECD Conference on Combatting Corruption in the Asia-Pacific Region, Seoul, Korea, 11-13 December 2000. Asian Development Bank. Riahi-Belkaoui, A. (2004). Effects of Corruption on Earnings Opacity Internationally. In Advances in International Accounting (Vol. 17, pp. 73–84). http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0897366004170049 Riahi-Belkaoui, A. (2008). Bureaucracy, corruption and tax compliance. In Taxation and public finance in transition and developing economies (pp. 3–10). Springer. http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-387-25712-9_1/fulltext.html Riaz, M. F., & Cantner, U. (2020). Revisiting the relationship between corruption and innovation in developing and emerging economies. Crime, Law, and Social Change, 73(4), 395–416. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-019-09867-0 Ribadu, N. (2010). Show Me the Money: Leveraging Anti-money Laundering Tools to Fight Corruption in Nigeria: an Insider Story. Center for Global Development. Richard, S. B. (2014). To Bribe a Prince: Clarifying the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act through Comparisons to the United Kingdom’s Bribery Act of 2010. Boston College International & Comparative Law Review, 37(2), 419–450. Richards, N. U., & Eboibi, F. E. (n.d.). African governments and the influence of corruption on the proliferation of cybercrime in Africa: Wherein lies the rule of law? International Review of Law, Computers & Technology, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), 1–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/13600869.2021.1885105 Richardson, D., & Tepikina, A. (2015). Anti-Corruption Campaign in China-The Privileged Class. The Banking Law Journal, 132(6), 309. Richardson, G. (2006). Taxation determinants of fiscal corruption: Evidence across countries.

313

Journal of Financial Crime, 13(3), 323–338. https://doi.org/10.1108/13590790610678404 Richey, S. (2010). The Impact of Corruption on Social Trust. American Politics Research, 38(4), 676–690. https://doi.org/10.1177/1532673X09341531 Richter, D., & Uhmeister, P. (2013). Returning “Politically Exposed Persons” Illicit Assets from Switzerland – International Law in the Force Field of Complexity and Conditionality. German Yearbook of International Law, 56, 457–499. Rider, B. A. K. (1995). The wages of sin—Taking the profit out of corruption—A British perspective. Dickinson Journal of International Law, 13(3), 391–421. Rider, B. A. K. (2007). Recovering the proceeds of corruption. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 10(1), 5–32. https://doi.org/10.1108/13685200710721845 Ridley, F. F. (1995). Feet of Clay: Threat to the Temples of Democracy. Parliamentary Affairs, 48(4), 617–631. Rieder, M. S., & Schoenemann, A. (2013). Suspicion of Corruption in Arbitration: A German Perspective. Transnational Dispute Management (TDM), 10(3). https://www.transnational-dispute-management.com/article.asp?key=1954 Riera, P., Barberá, P., Gómez, R., Mayoral, J. A., & Montero, J. R. (2013). The electoral consequences of corruption scandals in Spain. Crime, Law and Social Change, 60(5), 515–534. http://dx.doi.org.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/10.1007/s10611-013-9479-1 Rigi, J. (2004). Corruption in Post-Soviet Kazakhstan. In I. Pardo (Ed.), Between morality and the law: Corruption, anthropology and comparative society (pp. 101–118). Ashgate Publishing. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/10686/ Rijkers, B., Freund, C., & Nucifora, A. (2017). All in the family: State capture in Tunisia. Journal of Development Economics, 124, 41–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2016.08.002 Riley, P., & Roy, R. K. (2016). Corruption and Anticorruption: The Case of India. 32(1), 73–99. https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X15609755 Riley, S. P. (1992). Post-independence anti-corruption strategies and the contemporary effects of democratization. Corruption and Reform, 7(3), 249. Riley, S. P. (1998). The Political Economy of Anti-Corruption Strategies in Africa. European Journal of Development Research, 10(1), 129. Riley, S. P. (1999). Petty corruption and development. Development in Practice, 9(1–2), 189–193. https://doi.org/10.1080/09614529953368

314

Riley, S. P. (2000). Western Policies and African Realities: The New Anti-Corruption Agenda. In Corruption and Development in Africa (pp. 137–158). Springer. http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9780333982440_8 Rinaldi, S., Feichtinger, G., & Wirl, F. (1998). Corruption dynamics in democratic societies. Complexity, 3(5), 53–64. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0526(199805/06)3:5<53::AID-CPLX10>3.0.CO;2-L Rinnert, D. (2015). The Politics of Civil Service and Administrative Reforms in Development-Explaining Within-Country Variation of Reform Outcomes in Georgia After the Rose Revolution. Public Administration and Development, 35(1), 19–33. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.1709 Rispel, L., de Jager, P., & Fonn, S. (2016). Exploring corruption in the South African health sector. Health Policy and Planning, 31(2), 239. Rivas, M. F. (2013). An Experiment on Corruption and Gender. Bulletin of Economic Research, 65(1), 10–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8586.2012.00450.x Rivera-Batiz, F. L. (2001). International Financial Liberalization, Corruption, and Economic Growth. Review of International Economics, 9(4), 727–737. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9396.00309 Rivkin-Fish, M. (2005). Bribes, gifts and unofficial payments: Rethinking corruption in post-Soviet Russian health care. In Corruption: Anthropological perspectives (pp. 47–64). http://www.untag-smd.ac.id/files/Perpustakaan_Digital_1/CORRUPTION%20Haller_Co rruption-Anthropological%20Perspectives.pdf#page=51 Roath, P. T. (2014). The Abuse of Incumbency on Trial: Limits on Legalizing Politics. Columbia Journal of Law and Social Problems, 47(3), 285–324. Robbins, P. (2000). The rotten institution: Corruption in natural resource management. Political Geography, 19(4), 423–443. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0962-6298(99)00087-6 Roberts, A. (2008). Hyperaccountability: Economic voting in Central and Eastern Europe. Electoral Studies, 27(3), 533–546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2008.01.008 Roberts, J. (2015). The “subject” of corruption. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 28(Journal Article), 82–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2015.01.010 Robertson, C. J., & Watson, A. (2004). Corruption and change: The impact of foreign direct investment. Strategic Management Journal, 25(4), 385–396. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.382 Robertson, C. T., Winkelman, D. A., Bergstrand, K., & Modzelewski, D. (2016). The 315

Appearance and the Reality of Quid Pro Quo Corruption: An Empirical Investigation (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2740615). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2740615 Robertson, D. C., & Anderson, E. (1993). Control System and Task Environment Effects on Ethical Judgment: An Exploratory Study of Industrial Salespeople. Organization Science, 4(4), 617–644. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.4.4.617 Robertson, G., & Rummery, C. (2018). Why Australia needs a Magnitsky law. AQ - Australian Quarterly, 89(4), 19–27. Robertson-Snape, F. (1999). Corruption, collusion and nepotism in Indonesia. Third World Quarterly, 20(3), 589–602. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436599913703 Robinson, J. A., & Torvik, R. (2005). White elephants. Journal of Public Economics, 89(2–3), 197–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2004.05.004 Robinson, J. A., Torvik, R., & Verdier, T. (2006). Political foundations of the resource curse. Journal of Development Economics, 79(2), 447–468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2006.01.008 Robinson, J. A., & Verdier, T. (2013). The Political Economy of Clientelism. The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 115(2), 260–291. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjoe.12010 Robinson, Mark. (1998). Corruption and Development: An Introduction. European Journal of Development Research, 10(1), 1. Robinson, Misty. (2012). Global approach to anti-bribery and corruption, an overview: Much done, but a lot more to do... Thurgood Marshall Law Review, 37(2), 303–327. Robinson, S. L., & O’Leary-Kelly, A. M. (1998). Monkey See, Monkey Do: The Influence of Work Groups on the Antisocial Behavior of Employees. The Academy of Management Journal, 41(6), 658–672. https://doi.org/10.2307/256963 Roca, T. (2010). Assessing Corruption: Expert Surveys versus Household Surveys, Filling the Gap (Universite Montesquieu-Bordeauz Working Paper No. DT/160/2010). http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1703665 Rocca, J. (1992). Corruption and Its Shadow: An Anthropological View of Corruption in China. China Quarterly, 130, 402–416. Rock, M. T. (2009). Corruption and Democracy. The Journal of Development Studies, 45(1), 55–75. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380802468579 Rock, M. T., & Bonnett, H. (2004). The Comparative Politics of Corruption: Accounting for the East Asian Paradox in Empirical Studies of Corruption, Growth and Investment. World

316

Development, 32(6), 999–1017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2003.12.002 Rodino, P. W. (1994). The case for the independent counsel. Seton Hall Legislative Journal, 19(1), 5–31. Rodrigues-Neto, J. (2014). On corruption, bribes and the exchange of favors. Economic Modelling, 38(Journal, Electronic), 152–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2013.12.010 Rodríguez, F., & Sachs, J. D. (1999). Why Do Resource-Abundant Economies Grow More Slowly? Journal of Economic Growth, 4(3), 277–303. Rodriguez, P., Siegel, D. S., Hillman, A., & Eden, L. (2006). Three lenses on the multinational enterprise: Politics, corruption, and corporate social responsibility. Journal of International Business Studies, 37(6), 733–746. http://dx.doi.org.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400229 Rodriguez, P., Uhlenbruck, K., & Eden, L. (2005). Government Corruption and the Entry Strategies of Multinationals. The Academy of Management Review, 30(2), 383–396. https://doi.org/10.2307/20159125 Rodríguez-Pose, A., & Storper, M. (2006). Better Rules or Stronger Communities? On the Social Foundations of Institutional Change and Its Economic Effects. Economic Geography, 82(1), 1–25. Roebuck, J., & Barker, T. (1974). A typology of police corruption. Social Problems, 21(3), 423–437. Rogers, S. B. (2008). The World Bank voluntary disclosure program (VDP): A distributive justice critique. Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, 46(3), 709–731. Rogowski, R. (1987). Trade and the variety of democratic institutions. International Organization, 41(2), 203–223. Rohde, C. (2014). A New Affirmative Defense to the FCPA for Countries Exiting Major Internal Strife. Richmond Journal of Global Law and Business, 13(Journal Article), 545. Rohitarachoon, P., & Hossain, F. (2012). Decentralized Recruitment and Selection in Thailand: Friend or Foe to Local Public Administration? International Journal of Public Administration, 35(8), 553–561. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2011.653513 Rohlfsen, R. J. (2012). Recent developments in foreign and domestic criminal commercial bribery laws. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 151–193. Rohozinska, J., & Shpak, V. (2019). Ukraine’s Post-Maidan Struggles: The Rise of an “Outsider” President. Journal of Democracy, 30(3), 33–47.

317

https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2019.0040 Rohwer, A. (2009). Measuring corruption: A comparison between the Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions Index and the World Bank’s Worldwide Governance Indicators. CESifo DICE Report, 7(3), 42–52. Røiseland, A., Pierre, J., & Gustavsen, A. (2015). Accountability by professionalism or managerialism? Exploring attitudes among Swedish and Norwegian local government leaders. International Journal of Public Administration, 38(10), 689–700. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2014.955196 Roldan, A. C. (1991). A Brief Psychology of Corruption. Psychology: A Journal of Human Behavior, 26(4), 53–55. Roman, A. (2014). The multi-shade paradox of public corruption: The Moldovan case of dirty hands and collective action. Crime, Law and Social Change, 62(1), 65. Roman, A. V., & Miller, H. T. (2014). Building Social Cohesion: Family, Friends, and Corruption. ADMINISTRATION & SOCIETY, 46(7), 775–795. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399712473987 Roman, Alexandru Vasile. (2014). Refocusing Perspectives on Public Corruption Away from the Individual: Insights from the Moldovan Social Matrix. Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, 43, 214–231. Romer, P. (1994). New goods, old theory, and the welfare costs of trade restrictions. Journal of Development Economics, 43(1), 5–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(94)90021-3 Romer, P. (2010). Cutting the corruption tax in Greece [Working Paper]. Ronderos, J. G., Rincon, A. O. R., & Ratpan, M. (2015). Corruption and Development: The Need for International Investigations with a Multijurisdictional Approach Involving Multilateral Development Banks and National Authorities. Osgoode Hall Law Journal, 53, 334–387. Roniger, L. (2004). Political Clientelism, Democracy, and Market Economy. Comparative Politics, 36(3), 353–375. https://doi.org/10.2307/4150135 Ronit, K., & McMenamin, I. (2015). If money talks, what does it say? Corruption and business financing of political parties. West European Politics, 38(1), 248–249. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2014.962832 Ronnerstrand, B., & Lapuente, V. (2017). Corruption and use of antibiotics in regions of Europe. Health Policy, 121(3), 250–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2016.12.010 Root, H. (1996). Corruption in China: Has It Become Systemic? Asian Survey, 36(8), 741–757.

318

https://doi.org/10.2307/2645436 Root, H. L. (1996). Small countries, big lessons: Governance and the rise of East Asia / Hilton L. Root. Oxford University Press. Roper, S. D. (2002). The Influence of Romanian Campaign Finance Laws on Party System Development and Corruption. Party Politics, 8(2), 175–192. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068802008002002 Rosas, G., & Manzetti, L. (2015). Reassessing the trade-off hypothesis: How misery drives the corruption effect on presidential approval. Electoral Studies, 39(Journal Article), 26–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2015.03.002 Rose, C. (2011). The Application of Human Rights Law to Private Sector Complicity in Governmental Corruption. Leiden Journal of International Law, 24(3), 715–740. http://dx.doi.org.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/10.1017/S0922156511000306 Rose, C. (2012). The Corner House case and the incomplete incorporation of the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention in the United Kingdom. Tulane Journal of International and Comparative Law, 20(2), 351–383. Rose, C. (2014a). Corruption and Conflicts of Interests in the United Kingdom. In J.-B. Auby, E. Breen, & T. Perroud (Eds.), Corruption and conflicts of interest: A comparative law approach (pp. 150–166). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=4JrqAgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR1&dq =%E2%80%9CCorruption+and+Conflicts+of+Interests+in+the+United+Kingdom%E2% 80%9D,+in+Jean-Bernard+Auby,+Emmanuel+Breen+%26+Thomas+Perroud+eds.,+Cor ruption+and+Conflicts+of+Interest:+A+Comparative+Law+Approach+&ots=HU1F7nK _2g&sig=YdR6EJDpyaIwObTN3OzUx1Od9WA Rose, C. (2014b). Questioning the role of international arbitration in the fight against corruption. Journal of International Arbitration, 31(2), 183–264. Rose, J. (2014). Corruption and the Problem of Perception. In P. M. Heywood (Ed.), Routledge handbook of political corruption (pp. 172–182). Routledge. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=wWzfBQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1& dq=%E2%80%9CCorruption+and+the+Problem+of+Perception%E2%80%9D+,+in+Pau l+M.+Heywood+ed.,+The+Routledge+Handbook+of+Political+Corruption+&ots=C8Rfu ZNG4S&sig=liF5yetwAZm-eoCaAeXXwTFM1w8 Rose, J., & Heywood, P. (2013). Political science approaches to integrity and corruption. Human Affairs, 23(2), 148–159. https://doi.org/10.2478/s13374-013-0116-6 Rose, P. (2012). State Capitalism and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Ohio State Law Journal, 73, 1069–1485. 319

Rose, R. (2013). The Other Face of Bureaucracy. Perception of Bribery is Worse than the Practice. WZB Mitteilungen, 140. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2497968 Rose, R., & Mishler, W. (2008). Bridging the gap between the experience and the perception of corruption. Global Corruption Report, 328–332. Rose, R., & Mishler, W. (2010). Experience versus perception of corruption: Russia as a test case. Global Crime, 11(2), 145–163. https://doi.org/10.1080/17440571003669175 Rose, R., & Peiffer, C. (2013). Contact comes first: A two-step model of paying bribes (No. 508). University of Strathclyde Studies in Public Policy. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2497980 Rose, R., & Peiffer, C. (2015). Paying Bribes for Public Services: A Global Guide to Grass-Roots Corruption. Basingstoke, GB: Palgrave Macmillan. Rose-Ackerman, Susan. (1978). Corruption: A study in political economy. Academic Press. Rose-Ackerman, Susan. (1996). Democracy and “grand” corruption. International Social Science Journal, 48(3), 365. Rose-Ackerman, Susan. (1999). Corruption and government: Causes, consequences, and reform. Cambridge University Press. Rose-Ackerman, Susan. (2001a). Political corruption and democratic structures. In A. K. Jain (Ed.), The political economy of corruption (pp. 35–62). Routledge. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=CNyAAgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA35 &dq=Political+Corruption+and+Democratic+Structures,%E2%80%9D+in+Arvind+K.+J ain,+ed.+The+Political+Economy+of+Corruption+&ots=956qwTQgJn&sig=Ga3EE3I7 MUYZfwEfMMf79lTzJlM Rose‐Ackerman, S. (2001). Trust and Honesty in Post‐Socialist Societies. Kyklos, 54(2‐3), 415–443. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6435.00161 Rose-Ackerman, Susan. (2001b). Trust, honesty and corruption: Reflection on the state-building process. European Journal of Sociology, 42(3), 526–570. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003975601001084 Rose-Ackerman, Susan. (2002a). Corruption and the criminal law. Forum on Crime and Society, 2, 3–21. Rose-Ackerman, Susan. (2002b). “Grand” corruption and the ethics of global business. Journal of Banking and Finance, 26(9), 1889–1918. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4266(02)00197-8

320

Rose-Ackerman, Susan. (2006). Political corruption and reform in democracies: Theoretical perspectives. In J. Kawata (Ed.), Comparing Political Corruption and Clientalism (pp. 45–62). Ashgate. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=X3Tb0Glw3G0C&oi=fnd&pg=PA45&d q=%E2%80%9CPolitical+Corruption+and+Reform+in+Democracies:+Theoretical+Pers pectives%E2%80%9D,+in+Juichi+Kawata+ed.,+Comparing+Political+Corruption+and+ Clientalism&ots=-YDtqGqGAZ&sig=PVTjdiMHdfzyKlzrHSa3232vy-g Rose-Ackerman, Susan. (2007). International handbook on the economics of corruption. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=P60nmWlJWEoC&oi=fnd&pg=PR5&d q=International+Handbook+on+the+Economics+of+Corruption&ots=j9baBLX_Ih&sig= NfzWdsoYq5CxaNo99VYoct4W3EY Rose–Ackerman, S. (2008). Corruption and Government. International Peacekeeping, 15(3), 328–343. https://doi.org/10.1080/13533310802058802 Rose-Ackerman, Susan. (2009). Corruption in the wake of domestic national conflict. In R. I. Rotberg (Ed.), Corruption, Global Security, and World Order (pp. 66–95). Brookings Institution Press. Rose-Ackerman, Susan. (2010a). Corruption: Greed, Culture, and the State. Yale Law Journal, 120, 125–421. Rose-Ackerman, Susan. (2010b). The Law and Economics of Bribery and Extortion. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 6, 217–238. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-102209-152942 Rose-Ackerman, Susan. (2013). Introduction: The role of international actors in fighting corruption. In Susan Rose-Ackerman & P. D. Carrington (Eds.), Anti-Corruption Policy: Can International Actors Play a Constructive Role (pp. 3–38). Rose-Ackerman, Susan. (2014). Corruption and Conflicts of Interest. In J.-B. Auby, E. Breen, & T. Perroud (Eds.), Corruption and conflicts of interest: A comparative law approach (pp. 3–14). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=4JrqAgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR1&dq =%E2%80%9CCorruption+and+Conflicts+of+Interest%E2%80%9D,+in+Jean-Bernard+ Auby,+Emmanuel+Breen+%26+Thomas+Perroud+eds.,+Corruption+and+Conflicts+of+ Interest:+A+Comparative+Law+Approach&ots=HU1F7nNW9i&sig=2WDlGSDY7UOQ OZhrNuDnl-JAHys Rose-Ackerman, Susan, & Billa, B. (2007). Treaties and national security. NYUJ Int’l L. & Pol., 40, 437.

321

Rose-Ackerman, Susan, & Hunt, S. (2011). Transparency and Business Advantage: The Impact of International Anti-Corruption Policies on the United States National Interest. NYU Ann. Surv. Am. L., 67, 433. Rose-Ackerman, Susan, & Palifka, B. J. (2018). Corruption, Organized Crime, and Money Laundering. In Institutions, Governance and the Control of Corruption (pp. 75–111). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65684-7_4 Rose-Ackerman, Susan, & Truex, R. (2013). Corruption and Policy Reform. In B. Lomborg (Ed.), Global problems, smart solutions: Costs and benefits. Cambridge University Press. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=g9tRAgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR8&dq =%E2%80%9CCorruption+and+Policy+Reform%E2%80%9D,+in+Bjorn+Lomborg+ed. ,+Global+Problems,+Smart+Solutions:+Costs+and+Benefits+&ots=XM5F6dFp6g&sig= 066mVCzBgH8EXy-duWRYp0ucNJc Rosenblatt, V. (2012). Hierarchies, Power Inequalities, and Organizational Corruption. Journal of Business Ethics, 111(2), 237–251. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1204-y Rosenson, B. A. (2009). The effect of political reform measures on perceptions of corruption. Election Law Journal, 8(1), 31. Roser, W. G. (1992). The Independent Commission Against Corruption: The new Star Chamber? Criminal Law Journal, 16(4), 225–245. Ross, L. A. (2012). Using foreign relations law to limit extraterritorial application of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Duke Law Journal, 62(2), 445. Ross, M. (1999). The political economy of the resource curse. World Politics, 50(2), 297–322. Ross, Michael L. (2015). What Have We Learned about the Resource Curse? Annual Review of Political Science, 18, 239–259. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-052213-040359 Ross, Michael Lewin. (2001). Does Oil Hinder Democracy? World Politics, 53(3), 325–361. Rossbacher, H. H., & Young, T. W. (1997). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Within the American Response to Domestic Corruption. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 1(2), 125–137. Rosser, A. (2006). The political economy of the resource curse: A literature survey. http://mobile.opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/123456789/4061 Rotberg, R. I. (2009a). How corruption compromises world peace and stability. In Corruption, global security, and world order (pp. 1–26). Brookings Institution Press. Rotberg, R. I. (2009b). Leadership Alters Corrupt Behavior. In Corruption, global security, and world order (pp. 341–358). Brookings Institution Press.

322

Rothrock, J. (2008). Striking a Balance: The Speech or Debate Clause’s Testimonial Privilege and Policing Government Corruption. Touro Law Review, 24, 739–849. Rothstein, B. (2009). Creating Political Legitimacy: Electoral Democracy Versus Quality of Government. American Behavioral Scientist, 53(3), 311–330. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764209338795 Rothstein, B., & Eek, D. (2009). Political Corruption and Social Trust: An Experimental Approach. Rationality and Society, 21(1), 81–112. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043463108099349 Rothstein, Bo. (2010). Corruption, happiness, social trust and the welfare state: A causal mechanisms approach (QoG Working Paper Series No. 9). http://www.sahlgrenska.gu.se/digitalAssets/1350/1350166_2010_9_rothstein.pdf Rothstein, Bo. (2011a). The Quality of Government: Corruption, Social Trust, and Inequality in International Perspective. University of Chicago Press. http://www.bibliovault.org/BV.landing.epl?ISBN=9780226729572 Rothstein, Bo. (2011b). Anti-corruption: The indirect ‘big bang’ approach. Review of International Political Economy, 18(2), 228–250. https://doi.org/10.1080/09692291003607834 Rothstein, Bo. (2013). Corruption and Social Trust: Why the Fish Rots from the Head Down. Social Research: An International Quarterly, 80(4), 1009–1032. Rothstein, Bo. (2014). What is the opposite of corruption? Third World Quarterly, 35(5), 737–752. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2014.921424 Rothstein, Bo. (2015). The Chinese Paradox of High Growth and Low Quality of Government: The Cadre Organization Meets Max Weber: The Chinese Paradox. Governance, 28(4), 533–548. https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12128 Rothstein, Bo, Samanni, M., & Teorell, J. (2012). Explaining the welfare state: Power resources vs. the Quality of Government. European Political Science Review, 4(01), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755773911000051 Rothstein, Bo, & Solevid, M. (2013). Perceptions of corruption and political participation (pp. 11–14) [Working Paper]. Rothstein, Bo, & Tannenberg, M. (2015). Making Development Work: The Quality of Government Approach. Report. http://eba.se/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Making_development_work_07.pdf Rothstein, Bo, & Tegnhammar, M. (2006). The Mechanisms of Corruption: Interest vs. Cognition [Working Paper]. https://gupea.ub.gu.se/handle/2077/39175 323

Rothstein, Bo, & Teorell, J. (2008). What Is Quality of Government? A Theory of Impartial Government Institutions. Governance, 21(2), 165–190. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0491.2008.00391.x Rothstein, Bo, & Teorell, J. (2014). Causes of Corruption. In P. M. Heywood (Ed.), Routledge handbook of political corruption (pp. 79–94). Routledge. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=wWzfBQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1& dq=Rothstein+%E2%80%9CCauses+of+Corruption%E2%80%9D+The+Routledge+Han dbook+of+Political+Corruption+&ots=C8RfuZVE0O&sig=9AIj3wObZNTXMEi_hfW0- L4CyD8 Rothstein, Bo, & Teorell, J. (2015). Getting to Sweden, Part II: Breaking with Corruption in the Nineteenth Century: Getting to Sweden, Part II: Breaking with Corruption in the Nineteenth Century. Scandinavian Political Studies, 38(3), 238–254. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9477.12048 Rothstein, Bo, & Torsello, D. (2014). Bribery in Preindustrial Societies: Understanding the Universalism-Particularism Puzzle. Journal of Anthropological Research, 70(2), 263–284. https://doi.org/10.3998/jar.0521004.0070.205 Rothstein, Bo, & Uslaner, E. M. (2005). All for All: Equality, Corruption, and Social Trust. World Politics, 58(01), 41–72. https://doi.org/10.1353/wp.2006.0022 Rothwell, G. R., & Baldwin, J. N. (2007). Whistle-Blowing and the Code of Silence in Police Agencies: Policy and Structural Predictors. Crime & Delinquency, 53(4), 605–632. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128706295048 Rotondi, V., & Stanca, L. (2015). The effect of particularism on corruption: Theory and empirical evidence. Journal of Economic Psychology, 51, 219–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2015.09.008 Rousso, A., & Steves, F. (2007). The effectiveness of anti-corruption programs: Preliminary evidence from the post-communist transition countries. In Susan Rose-Ackerman (Ed.), International handbook on the economics of corruption (p. 247). https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=P60nmWlJWEoC&oi=fnd&pg=PA247 &dq=%E2%80%9CThe+Effectiveness+of+Anti-Corruption+Programs:+Preliminary+Evi dence+from+the+Post-Communist+Transition+Countries%E2%80%9D,+in+Susan+Rose -Ackerman,+ed.,+International+Handbook+on+the+Economics+of+Corruption+&ots=j9 baCI_WEe&sig=JV6vh5FAX2RsTgvR2i39jZlk-sc Rowe, M. (2009). Notes on a Scandal: The Official Enquiry Into Deviance and Corruption in New Zealand Police. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 42(1), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1375/acri.42.1.123

324

Roy, A., & Singer, A. E. (2006). Reducing corruption in international business: Behavioural, managerial and political approaches. Journal of Economic and Social Policy, 10(2), 2. Ruan, L., & Zhang, H. (n.d.). Do auditors consider alleged bribery when accepting clients? Evidence from Chinese non-state-owned enterprises. Accounting and Business Research, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), 1–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/00014788.2020.1868283 Rubin, N. M. (1998). Convergence of 1996 and 1997 Global Efforts to Curb Corruption and Bribery in International Business Transactions: The Legal Implications of the OECD Recommendations and Convention for the United States, Germany, and Switzerland. Am. U. Int’l L. Rev., 14, 257. Rubin, P. H. (2016). Crony Capitalism. Supreme Court Economic Review, 23(1), 105–120. https://doi.org/10.1086/686474 Rubinstein, W. D. (1983). The End of “Old Corruption” in Britain, 1780-1860. Past and Present, 101(1), 55–86. https://doi.org/10.1093/past/101.1.55 Rudi, L. M., Azadi, H., Witlox, F., & Lebailly, P. (2014). Land rights as an engine of growth? An analysis of Cambodian land grabs in the context of development theory. Land Use Policy, 38(Journal Article), 564–572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2013.12.016 Rueda, M. (2017). Small Aggregates, Big Manipulation: Vote Buying Enforcement and Collective Monitoring. American Journal of Political Science, 61(1), 163–177. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12260 Rueda, M. R. (2015). Buying votes with imperfect local knowledge and a secret ballot. Journal of Theoretical Politics, 27(3), 428–456. https://doi.org/10.1177/0951629814533841 Ruengdet, K., & Wongsurawat, W. (2015). The mechanisms of corruption in agricultural price intervention projects: Case studies from Thailand. Social Science Journal, 52(1), 22. Runde, D. F., & Hameed, S. (2014). The Costs of Corruption: Strategies for Ending a Tax on Private-sector Growth. Rowman & Littlefield. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=b5EEAwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR3&d q=Runde,+Daniel+F.+%26+Sadika+Hameed+with+Jeremiah+Magpile.+2014.+The+Cos ts+of+Corruption:+Strategies+for+Ending+a+Tax+on+Private-Sector-Led+Growth.+(W ashington,+D.C.:+Center+for+Strategic+%26+International+Studies).&ots=6wasWl2tHs &sig=jjSXrsfTS7_gjyG6b1GeBR_SQgk Runnels, M. B., & Burton, A. M. (2012). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and new governance: Incentivizing ethical foreign direct investment in China and other emerging economies. Cardozo Law Review, 34(1), 295–328. Rus, H. (2014). Corruption, conflict and the management of natural resources. Economics of

325

Governance, 15(4), 355–386. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-014-0148-3 Ruske, R. (2015). Does Economics Make Politicians Corrupt? Empirical Evidence from the United States Congress: Does Economics Make Politicians Corrupt? Kyklos, 68(2), 240–254. https://doi.org/10.1111/kykl.12082 Rustad, S. A., Billon, P., & Lujala, P. (2017). Has the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative been a success? Identifying and evaluating EITI goals. Resources Policy, 51, 151–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2016.12.004 Ruud, A. E. (2000). Corruption as Everyday Practice. The Public—Private Divide in Local Indian Society. Forum for Development Studies, 27(2), 271–294. https://doi.org/10.1080/08039410.2000.9666142 Ruziev, K., & Midmore, P. (2015). Connectedness and SME Financing in Post-Communist Economies: Evidence from Uzbekistan. Journal Of Development Studies; J.Dev.Stud., 51(5), 586–602. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2014.989991 Ryan, A., Schmit, M., Daum, D., Brutus, S., McCormick, S., & Brodke, M. (1997). Workplace Integrity: Differences in Perceptions of Behaviors and Situational Factors. Journal of Business and Psychology, 12(1), 67–83. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025014217174 Ryan, L. V. (2000). Combating Corruption: The 21st-Century Ethical Challenge. Business Ethics Quarterly, 10(1), 331. https://doi.org/10.2307/3857717 Ryvkin, D., & Serra, D. (2012). How corruptible are you? Bribery under uncertainty. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 81(2), 466–477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2011.07.004 Ryznar, M., & Korkor, S. (2011). Anti-bribery legislation in the United States and United Kingdom: A comparative analysis of scope and sentencing. Missouri Law Review, 76(2), 415. Saastomoinen, A., & Kuosmanen, T. (2014). Is corruption grease, grit or a gamble? Corruption increases variance of productivity across countries. Applied Economics, 46(23), 2833. Saba, R. P., & Manzetti, L. (1996). Privatization in Argentina: The implications for corruption. Crime, Law and Social Change, 25(4), 353–369. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00572515 Sabato, L., & Simpson, G. (1996). Dirty little secrets: The persistence of corruption in American politics. Sabet, D. M. (2013). Corruption or Insecurity? Understanding Dissatisfaction with Mexico’s Police. Latin American Politics and Society, 55(1), 22–45. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2012.00182.x

326

Sabet, D. M., & Tazreen, A. (2015). Governing Growth: Understanding Problems in Real Estate Development in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Journal of South Asian Development, 10(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/0973174114567367 Sabharwal, N. S., & Tierney, W. G. (2020). Analyzing the Culture of Corruption in Indian Higher Education. In Corruption in Higher Education (pp. 111–116). Brill Sense. https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789004433885/BP000021.xml Sabic-El-Rayess, A. (2014). Acting and Reacting: Youth’s Behavior in Corrupt Educational Settings. Peabody Journal of Education (0161956X), 89(1), 70–85. https://doi.org/10.1080/0161956X.2014.862473 Sabic-El-Rayess, A., & Mansur, N. N. (2016). Favor reciprocation theory in education: New corruption typology. International Journal of Educational Development, 50(Journal Article), 20–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2016.04.005 Sacks, A. (2011). The Antecedents of Approval, Trust and Legitimating Beliefs in sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and six Arab Countries [Working Paper]. World Bank. Sadanandan, A. (2012). Patronage and Decentralization: The Politics of Poverty in India. Comparative Politics, 44(2), 211–228. https://doi.org/10.5129/001041512798837996 Sadigov, T. (2014). Corruption and social responsibility: Bribe offers among small entrepreneurs in Azerbaijan. East European Politics, 30(1), 34–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/21599165.2013.861351 Sadigov, T. (2017). Localization, Formalism, and Passivity: Symbols Shaping Bribe Offers in Azerbaijan. Journal of Civil Society, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/17448689.2017.1387716 Sadowsky, J. M. (2005). The Transparency Myth: A Conceptual Approach to Corruption and the Impact of Mandatory Disclosure Laws. Connecticut Public Interest Law Journal, 4, 308–347. Safavian, M. S., Graham, D. H., & Gonzalez-Vega, C. (2001). Corruption and Microenterprises in Russia. World Development, 29(7), 1215–1224. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(01)00036-5 Sah, R. (2007). Corruption across countries and regions: Some consequences of local osmosis. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 31(8), 2573–2598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jedc.2006.09.002 Sah, R. K. (1991). Social Osmosis and Patterns of Crime. Journal of Political Economy, 99(6), 1272–1295. https://doi.org/10.1086/261800 Sah, S., & Loewenstein, G. (2010). Effect of Reminders of Personal Sacrifice and Suggested 327

Rationalizations on Residents’ Self-Reported Willingness to Accept Gifts: A Randomized Trial. JAMA, 304(11), 1204. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2010.1310 Saha, B. (2001). Red tape, incentive bribe and the provision of subsidy. Journal of Development Economics, 65(1), 113–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3878(01)00130-4 Saha, B. (2003). Harassment, corruption and tax policy: A comment on Marjit, Mukherjee and Mukherjee [Eur. J. Political Economy 16 (2000) 75–94]. European Journal of Political Economy, 19(4), 893–897. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0176-2680(03)00046-6 Saha, B., & Thampy, T. (2004). Corruption, default and optimal credit in welfare programs. East Asian Bureau of Economic Research. http://202.54.18.156/faculty/babu/law2004/slides/BIBHAS.pdf Saha, B., & Thampy, T. (2006). Extractive bribe and default in subsidized credit programs. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 60(2), 182–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2004.05.004 Saha, S., Gounder, R., Campbell, N., & Su, J. (2014). Democracy and corruption: A complex relationship. Crime, Law and Social Change, 61(3), 287–308. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-013-9506-2 Saha, S., Gounder, R., & Su, J.-J. (2009). The interaction effect of economic freedom and democracy on corruption: A panel cross-country analysis. Economics Letters, 105(2), 173–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2009.07.010 Saha, S., & Su, J.-J. (2012). Investigating the Interaction Effect of Democracy and Economic Freedom on Corruption: A Cross-Country Quantile Regression Analysis. Economic Analysis and Policy, 42(3), 389–396. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0313-5926(12)50036-6 Saha, S., & Yap, G. (2015). Corruption and Tourism: An Empirical Investigation in a Non-linear Framework. The International Journal of Tourism Research, 17(3), 272. Sahebe, A. (2020). The Tax Collection and Anti-Corruption Strategy to Reform Afghanistan’s Legal Code. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3591664 Saisana, M., & Saltelli, A. (2012). Corruption Perceptions Index 2012 Statistical Assessment. JRC Scientific and Policy Reports. Sajo, A. (1998). Corruption, clientelism, and the future of the constitutional state in Eastern Europe. E. Eur. Const. Rev., 7, 37. Sajó, A. (2003). From corruption to extortion: Conceptualization of post-communist corruption. Crime, Law and Social Change, 40(2), 171–194. Sala-i-Martin, X., & Subramanian, A. (2013). Addressing the Natural Resource Curse: An

328

Illustration from Nigeria. Journal of African Economies, 22(4), 570–615. https://doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejs033 Salbu, S. R. (1994). True codes versus voluntary codes of ethics in international markets: Toward the preservation of colloquy in emerging global communities. Journal of International Business Law, 15(3), 327–371. Salbu, S. R. (1997). Bribery in the global market: A critical analysis of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Washington and Lee Law Review, 54(1), 229–287. Salbu, S. R. (1999a). Extraterritorial restriction of bribery: A premature evocation of the normative global village. The Yale Journal of International Law, 24(1), 223–255. Salbu, S. R. (1999b). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act as a threat to global harmony. Michigan Journal of International Law, 20(3), 419–449. Salbu, S. R. (2000a). A delicate balance: Legislation, institutional change, and transnational bribery. Cornell International Law Journal, 33(3), 657. Salbu, S. R. (2000b). Transnational bribery: The big questions. Nw. J. Int’l L. & Bus., 21, 435. Salbu, Sr. (2001). Information technology in the war against international bribery and corruption: The next frontier of institutional reform? Harvard Journal On Legislation, 38(1), 67–102. Salbu, Steven. (1999). Battling global corruption in the new millennium. Law and Policy in International Business, 31(1), 47–79. Saleh, S. (2014). Challenges in Combating Corruption and Fixing Accountability: In Iraq’s Perspective. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 5(13), n/a. Salihu, H. A., & Gholami, H. (2018). Mob justice, corrupt and unproductive justice system in Nigeria: An empirical analysis. International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 55, 40–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlcj.2018.09.003 Salinas-Jiménez, M. del M., & Salinas-Jiménez, J. (2007). Corruption, efficiency and productivity in OECD countries. Journal of Policy Modeling, 29(6), 903–915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2007.07.002 Salinas-Jiménez, M. del M., & Salinas-Jiménez, J. (2011). Corruption and total factor productivity: Level or growth effects? Portuguese Economic Journal, 10(2), 109–128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10258-010-0059-3 Salmon, T., & Serra, D. (2014). Does Social Judgment Diminish Rule Breaking? (CSAE Working Paper WPS/2013-05). http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2383903 Salvatore, D. (2004). Growth and poverty in a globalizing world. Journal of Policy Modeling, 329

26(4), 543–551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2004.04.009 Salvatore, D. (2007). Growth, international inequalities, and poverty in a globalizing world. Journal of Policy Modeling, 29(4), 635–641. Salvatoriello, P. (2001). The practical necessity of federal intervention versus the ideal of federalism: An expansive view of section 666 in the prosecution of state and local corruption. Georgetown Law Journal, 89(7), 2393–2417. Samanta, S., & Sanyal, R. (2016). The Effect of the OECD Convention in Reducing Bribery in International Business. Global Business and Management Research, 8(1), 68–76. Sampford, C. J. G. (2006). Measuring corruption. Ashgate. Sampson, S. (1983). Bureaucracy and corruption as anthropological problems: A case study from Romania. Folk, 25, 63–96. Sampson, Steven. (2005). Integrity warriors: Global morality and the anti-corruption movement in the Balkans. In D. Haller & C. Shore (Eds.), Corruption: Anthropological perspectives (pp. 103–130). Pluto Press. http://www.untag-smd.ac.id/files/Perpustakaan_Digital_1/CORRUPTION%20Haller_Co rruption-Anthropological%20Perspectives.pdf#page=107 Sampson, Steven. (2007). Can the World Bank do the right thing? When anti-corruption movements become anti-corruption budget lines [Working Paper]. http://lup.lub.lu.se/record/1146197 Sampson, Steven. (2010a). Diagnostics: Indicators and transparency in the anti-corruption industry. In S. Jansen, E. Schroeter, & N. Stehr (Eds.), Transparenz: Multidisxiplanre Durchsichten Durch Phoenomene und Theorien des Undurchsichtigen (pp. 97–111). VS Verlag. http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-531-92466-3_7 Sampson, Steven. (2010b). The anti-corruption industry: From movement to institution. Global Crime, 11(2), 261–278. https://doi.org/10.1080/17440571003669258 Sampson, Steven. (2015). The audit juggernaut. Social Anthropology, 23(Journal Article), 80–82. Samuel, A. (2009). Preemptive collusion among corruptible law enforcers. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 71(2), 441–450. Samuel, A., Farmer, A., & Mendez, F. (2020). Optimal regulation under imperfect enforcement: Permits, tickets, or both? Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 67(4), 420–441. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjpe.12242 Samuel, A., & Lowen, A. (2010). Bribery and inspection technology. Economics of Governance,

330

11(4), 333–350. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-010-0080-0 Sanchez, A. (2015). Criminal entrepreneurship: A political economy of corruption and organised crime in India. In Routledge handbook of political corruption (pp. 67–76). Routledge. http://pubman.mpdl.mpg.de/pubman/faces/viewItemOverviewPage.jsp?itemId=escidoc:1 877536 Sanchez, C. M. (1999). Ties That Bind: A Social Contracts Approach to Business Ethics. Academy of Management Perspectives, 13(4), 109–110. https://doi.org/10.5465/AME.1999.2570564 Sanchez, J. I., Gomez, C., & Wated, G. (2008). A Value-based Framework for Understanding Managerial Tolerance of Bribery in Latin America. Journal of Business Ethics, 83(2), 341–352. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9623-x Sánchez-Fernández, J., & Casado-Aranda, L.-A. (2021). Neural Predictors of Changes in Party Closeness after Exposure to Corruption Messages: An fMRI Study. Brain Sciences, 11(2), 158-. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11020158 Sánchez-Martín, M. E., de Arce, R., & Escribano, G. (2014). Do changes in the rules of the game affect FDI flows in Latin America? A look at the macroeconomic, institutional and regional integration determinants of FDI. European Journal of Political Economy, 34(Supplement C), 279–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2014.02.001 Sandgren, C. (2005). Combating Corruption: The Misunderstood Role of Law. International Lawyer, 39(3), 717–731. Sandholtz, W., & Gray, M. M. (2003). International Integration and National Corruption. International Organization, 57(04). https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818303574045 Sandholtz, W., & Koetzle, W. (2000). Accounting for Corruption: Economic Structure, Democracy, and Trade. International Studies Quarterly, 44(1), 31–50. https://doi.org/10.1111/0020-8833.00147 Sandholtz, W., & Taagepera, R. (2005). Corruption, Culture, and Communism. International Review of Sociology, 15(1), 109–131. https://doi.org/10.1080/03906700500038678 Sands, B. N. (1990). Decentralizing an economy: The role of bureaucratic corruption in China’s economic reforms. Public Choice, 65(1), 85–91. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00139292 Sandu, A. M., & Nitu, M. L. (2014). The Perception of Corruption in Public Administration. Contemporary Readings in Law & Social Justice, 6(1), 426–431. Sanghera, B., & Satybaldieva, E. (2020). The other road to serfdom: The rise of the rentier class in post-Soviet economies. Social Science Information, 59(3), 505–536. https://doi.org/10.1177/0539018420943077 331

Santiso, C. (2006). Improving fiscal governance and curbing corruption: How relevant are autonomous audit agencies? International Public Management Review, 7(2). http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=951844 Sanyal, A. (2002). Audit Hierarchy in a Corrupt Tax Administration: A Note with Qualifications and Extensions. Journal of Comparative Economics, 30(2), 317–324. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcec.2002.1771 Sanyal, A., Gang, I., & Goswami, O. (2000). Corruption, Tax Evasion and the Laffer Curve. Public Choice, 105(1), 61–78. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005105822911 Sanyal, R. (2005). Determinants of Bribery in International Business: The Cultural and Economic Factors. Journal of Business Ethics, 59(1–2), 139–145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-005-3406-z Sanyal, R., & Guvenli, T. (2009). The propensity to bribe in international business: The relevance of cultural variables. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 16(3), 287–300. https://doi.org/10.1108/13527600910977364 Sanyal, R. N., Samanta, S. K., & Public Interest Enterprises, Inc. (2002). Corruption Across Countries: The Cultural and Economic Factors. Business and Professional Ethics Journal, 21(1), 21–46. https://doi.org/10.5840/bpej20022119 Sanyal, R., & Samanta, S. (2004). Correlates of bribe giving in international business. International Journal of Commerce and Management, 14(2), 1. Sanyal, R., & Samanta, S. (2008). Effect of perception of corruption on outward US Foreign Direct Investment. Global Business and Economics Review, 10(1), 123. https://doi.org/10.1504/GBER.2008.016831 Sanyal, R., & Samanta, S. (2010). Relationship Between Bribery and Economic Growth: An Empirical Analysis. Indian Journal of Economics & Business, 9(1). http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&profile=ehost&scope=site&authtype =crawler&jrnl=09725784&AN=86021297&h=vGo%2FuWlmlcvyXphPpa8fM5MpffYIb XJv0aZ82QmLcB5rDqRBvAPaDHQM4G2N2xDHGAuVg8pp7L%2Frrd0zW%2BzPdQ %3D%3D&crl=c Sanyal, R., & Samanta, S. (2017). Bribery in International Business in Post-Soviet Union Countries. Journal of East-West Business, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/10669868.2017.1361883 Sanyal, R., & Samanta, S. (2020). Bribery in International Business in European Union Countries: Patterns and Explanations. Journal of East-West Business, 26(2), 193–212. https://doi.org/10.1080/10669868.2019.1704337

332

Sargiacomo, M., Ianni, L., D’Andreamatteo, A., & Servalli, S. (2015). Accounting and the fight against corruption in Italian government procurement: A longitudinal critical analysis (1992-2014). Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 28(Journal Article), 89–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2015.01.006 Sarkar, H., & Hasan, M. A. (2001). Impact of corruption on the efficiency of investment: Evidence from a cross-country analysis. Asia-Pacific Development Journal, 8(2), 111–116. Sarlak, Z. (2012). Corruption in Turkey: A Systemic Problem. In D. Tänzler, K. Maras, & A. Giannakopoulos (Eds.), The Social Construction of Corruption in Europe (pp. 297–320). Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=69mNX_6cX0wC&oi=fnd&pg=PT18& dq=%E2%80%9CCorruption+in+Turkey:+A+Systemic+Problem%E2%80%9D,+in+Dir k+Tanzler,+Konstadinos+Maras+%26+Angelos+Giannakopoulos+eds.,+The+Social+Co nstruction+of+Corruption+in+Europe+&ots=iHDzaylaMn&sig=9ln1LF5RIGGihN87d- WcAy4ruAM Sarlo, P. (2014). The Global Financial Crisis and the Transnational Anti-Corruption Regime: A Call for Regulation of the World Bank’s Lending Practices. Georgetown Journal of International Law, 45(4), 1293. Sarte, P.-D. G. (2000). Informality and rent-seeking bureaucracies in a model of long-run growth. Journal of Monetary Economics, 46(1), 173–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3932(00)00020-9 Sarte, P.-D. G. (2001). Rent-seeking bureaucracies and oversight in a simple growth model. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 25(9), 1345–1365. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1889(99)00057-3 Sassoon, J. (2016). Iraq’s political economy post 2003: From transition to corruption. International Journal of Contemporary Iraqi Studies, 10(1–2), 17–33. https://doi.org/10.1386/ijcis.10.1-2.17_1 Sato, H. (2011). Raising Wages as a Strategy to Reduce Corruption. Journal of Management and Strategy, 2(4), p56. Savage, J. D. (1994). Corruption and Virtue at the Constitutional Convention. The Journal of Politics, 56(01), 174–186. Savona, E. U. (1995). Beyond criminal law in devising anticorruption policies: Lessons from the Italian experience. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 3(2), 21–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02243082 Saxena, S. (2017). Factors influencing perceptions on corruption in public service delivery via 333

e-government platform. Foresight : The Journal of Futures Studies, Strategic Thinking and Policy, 19(6), 628–646. https://doi.org/10.1108/FS-05-2017-0013 Sayed, A. (2004). Corruption in international trade and commercial arbitration. Kluwer law international. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=br3v7-Lg6ocC&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=S ayed,+Abdulhay.+2004.+Corruption+in+International+Trade+and+Commercial+Arbitrat ion.&ots=c88vBO89xW&sig=wh0KU9--5Bo_XX_xPt2BNYq1-Ak Sbaouelgi, J. (2019). The Impact of Corruption on Economic Growth in Mena Region. Romanian Economic and Business Review, 14(2), 40–54. Schaaf, M., & Freedman, L. P. (2015). Unmasking the open secret of posting and transfer practices in the health sector. Health Policy and Planning, 30(1), 121–130. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czt091 Schaffer, F. C. (2002). Might cleaning up elections keep people away from the polls? Historical and comparative perspectives. International Political Science Review, 23(1), 69–84. Schaffer, F. C. (2007). Elections for sale: The causes and consequences of vote buying. Lynne Rienner Publishers. Schaffer, F. C. (2008). The hidden costs of clean election reform. Cornell University Press. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hul.ebookbatch.PMUSE_batch:PMUSE178520150515 Schaffer, F. C., & Schaffer, U. F. C. (2005). Clean Elections and the Great Unwashed Vote Buying and Voter Education in the Philippines. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.520.359 Schatz, F. (2013). Fighting Corruption with Social Accountability: A Comparative Analysis of Social Accountability Mechanisms’ Potential to Reduce Corruption in Public Administration. Public Administration and Development, 33(3), 161–174. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.1648 Schefer, K. (2009). Corruption and the WTO legal system. Journal of World Trade, 43(4), 737–770. Scheiner, E. (2005). Pipelines of Pork: Japanese Politics and a Model of Local Opposition Party Failure. Comparative Political Studies, 38(7), 799–823. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414005277020 Schelling, T. C. (1973). Hockey Helmets, Concealed Weapons, and Daylight Saving: A Study of Binary Choices With Externalities. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 17(3), 381–428. https://doi.org/10.1177/002200277301700302 Scheppele, K. L. (1999). The inevitable corruption of transition. Connecticut Journal of 334

International Law, 14(2), 509–532. Scher, D. (2005). Asset Recovery: Repatriating Africa’s looted billions. African Security Review, 14(4), 17–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2005.9627584 Scherer, M. (2004). Circumstantial Evidence in Corruption Cases Before International Artibral Tribunals. Transnational Dispute Management (TDM), 1(3). https://www.transnational-dispute-management.com/article.asp?key=170 Schickora, J. T. (2011). Bringing the four-eyes-principle to the lab [Working Paper]. https://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12160/ Schikora, J. T. (2011). Bringing good and bad whistle-blowers to the lab [Working Paper]. https://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/12161/ Schikora, J. T. (2014). How Do Groups Stabilize Corruption? Journal of International Development, 26(7), 1071–1091. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.2902 Schipani, C., Liu, J., & Xu, H. (2016). Doing business in a connected society the GSK bribery scandal in China. University Of Illinois Law Review, 1, 63–102. Schleiter, P., & Voznaya, A. M. (2014). Party system competitiveness and corruption. Party Politics, 20(5), 675–686. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068812448690 Schmidt, D. (2007). Anti-corruption: What Do We Know? Research on Preventing Corruption in the Post-communist World. Political Studies Review, 5(2), 202–232. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-9299.2007.00129.x Schmidt, T. (2009). Sweetening the Deal: Strengthening Transnational Bribery Laws Through Standard International Corporate Auditing Guidelines. Minnesota Law Review, 93(3), 1120–1145. Schmidtz, D. (2018). An Anatomy of Corruption. Social Philosophy and Policy, 35(2), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0265052519000062 Schneider, B. (1987). The People Make the Place. Personnel Psychology, 40(3), 437–453. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1987.tb00609.x Schneider, B. A. (1992). Do not go gentle into that good night: The unquiet death of political patronage. Wisconsin Law Review, 1992(2), 511–546. Schneider, B., Goldstiein, H. W., & Smith, D. B. (1995). The ASA Framework: An Update. Personnel Psychology, 48(4), 747–773. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1995.tb01780.x Schneider, F., & Dreher, A. (2006). Corruption and the shadow economy–substitutes or complements? In M. Kreutner (Ed.), The Corruption Monster: Ethik, Politik und 335

Korruption, Czernin Verlag (pp. 363–370). Schneider, Friedrich, Buehn, A., & Montenegro, C. E. (2010). New Estimates for the Shadow Economies all over the World. International Economic Journal, 24(4), 443–461. https://doi.org/10.1080/10168737.2010.525974 Schneider, Friedrich, & Enste, D. H. (2000). Shadow Economies: Size, Causes, and Consequences. Journal of Economic Literature, 38(1), 77–114. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.38.1.77 Schnell, S. (2015). Mimicry, Persuasion, or Learning? The Case of Two Transparency and Anti-Corruption Policies in Romania. Public Administration And Development; Public Adm.Dev., 35(4), 277–287. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.1721 Scholtens, B., & Dam, L. (2007). Cultural Values and International Differences in Business Ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 75(3), 273–284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9252-9 Schopf, J. C. (2015). Deterring Extortive Corruption in Korea through Democratization and the Rule of Law. Journal of Comparative Asian Development, Journal Article, 1–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/15339114.2015.1059058 Schroth, P. (2006). Corruption and accountability of the civil service in the United States. American Journal Of Comparative Law, 54, 553–579. Schroth, P. W. (2002). The United States and the International Bribery Conventions. The American Journal of Comparative Law, 50, 593. https://doi.org/10.2307/840891 Schroth, P. W. (2003). National and international constitutional law aspects of African treaties and laws against corruption. Transnational Law & Contemporary Problems, 13(1), 83–108. Schroth, P. W., & Bostan, A. D. (2004). International Constitutional Law and Anti-Corruption Measures in the European Union’s Accession Negotiations: Romania in Comparative Perspective. The American Journal of Comparative Law, 52(3), 625. https://doi.org/10.2307/4144480 Schroth, P. W., & Sharma, P. (2003). Transnational law and technology as potential forces against corruption in Africa. Management Decision, 41(3), 296–303. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251740310469477 Schueth, S. (2011). Assembling International Competitiveness: The Republic of Georgia, USAID, and the Doing Business Project. Economic Geography, 87(1), 51–77. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-8287.2010.01103.x Schultz, J. J., Johnson, D. A., Morris, D., & Dyrnes, S. (1993). An Investigation of the Reporting 336

of Questionable Acts in an International Setting. Journal of Accounting Research, 31, 75. https://doi.org/10.2307/2491165 Schulze, G. G., & Frank, B. (2003). Deterrence versus intrinsic motivation: Experimental evidence on the determinants of corruptibility. Economics of Governance, 4(2), 143–160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s101010200059 Schulze, G. G., Sjahrir, B. S., & Zakharov, N. (2013). Corruption in Russia [Working Paper]. ftp://ftp.repec.org/opt/ReDIF/RePEc/fre/wpaper/DP22_Schulze_Sjahrir_Zakharov_Corru ption_in_Russia.pdf Schumacher, I. (2013). Political stability, corruption and trust in politicians. Economic Modelling, 31, 359–369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2012.11.047 Schuppan, T. (2009). E-Government in developing countries: Experiences from sub-Saharan Africa. Government Information Quarterly, 26(1), 118–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2008.01.006 Schurr, A., & Ritov, I. (2016). Winning a competition predicts dishonest behavior. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113(7), 1754. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1515102113 Schuttauf, N. (2012). Repeal anti-bribery legislation? A defense of laws promoting clean business and transparent governments. New England Law Review, 46(3), 617–648. Schütte, S. A. (2007). The fight against corruption in Indonesia. Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 26(4), 57–66. Schütte, S. A. (2011). Appointing top officials in a democratic indonesia: The corruption eradication commission. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 47(3), 355–379. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2011.619052 Schütte, S. A. (2012). Against the Odds: Anti-Corruption Reform in Indonesia. Public Administration and Development, 32(1), 38–48. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.623 Schütte, S. A. (2015). Keeping the New Broom Clean: Lessons in Human Resource Management from the KPK. Bijdragen Tot de Taal-, Land- En Volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia, 171(4), 423–454. https://doi.org/10.1163/22134379-17104001 Schütte, S., & Butt, S. (2013). The Indonesian Court for Corruption Crimes: Circumventing judicial impropriety? U4 Brief, 5. http://www.cmi.no/publications/file/4903-the-indonesian-court-for-corruption-crimes.pdf Schwartz, R. A. (2021). How Predatory Informal Rules Outlast State Reform: Evidence from Postauthoritarian Guatemala. Latin American Politics and Society, 63(1), 48–71. 337

https://doi.org/10.1017/lap.2020.32 Schwenke, S. (2000). The moral critique: Corruption in developing countries. Journal of Public and International Affairs, 11, 137–156. Scott, D., & Pyman, M. (2008). Public Perceptions of Corruption in the Military in Europe and the Rest of the World. European Security, 17(4), 495–515. https://doi.org/10.1080/09662830802568923 Scott, I. (2011). The Hong Kong ICAC’s approach to corruption control. In A. Graycar & R. G. Smith (Eds.), Handbook of global research and practice in corruption (p. 401). Edward Elgar. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=g3GfGTxJNaAC&oi=fnd&pg=PA401& dq=%22The+Hong+Kong+ICAC%27s+Approach+to+Corruption+Control%22&ots=eD MYly8Ma2&sig=gFPyhbRa9WKaV39dKBESihCTJZA Scott, I. (2013). Institutional Design and Corruption Prevention in Hong Kong. Journal of Contemporary China, 22(79), 77–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/10670564.2012.716945 Scott, J. C. (1969a). The Analysis of Corruption in Developing Nations. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 11(03), 315. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0010417500005363 Scott, J. C. (1969b). Corruption, Machine Politics, and Political Change. American Political Science Review, 63(04), 1142–1158. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055400263247 Scott, J. C. (1972). Comparative political corruption. Prentice-Hall. Scott, K. (2005). The European Union and Romanian Mentalitate: A Case Study of Corruption. Santa Clara J. Int’l L., 3, i. Scott, K. W., Powles, J., Thomas, H., & Rechel, B. (2011). Perceived barriers to the development of modern public health in Bulgaria: A qualitative study. International Journal of Public Health, 56(2), 191–199. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-010-0140-9 Sculli, D. (2003). Culture and Level of Industrialization as Determinants of Corruption in Asia. In J. Kidd & F.-J. Richter, Fighting Corruption in Asia (pp. 203–219). WORLD SCIENTIFIC. http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/9789812795397_0008 Seabright, P. (1996). Accountability and decentralisation in government: An incomplete contracts model. European Economic Review, 40(1), 61–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-2921(95)00055-0 Sebhatu, S. P., & Pei-lin, L. (2016). What is Governance? The Ethical Dilemma for Leaders and Managers: Multiple Case Studies of Corruption from China. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 224, 467–474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.05.422

338

Sedlenieks, K. (2004). Rotten talk: Corruption as a part of discourse in contemporary Latvia. In I. Pardo (Ed.), Between morality and the law: Corruption, anthropology and comparative society (pp. 119–134). http://www.academia.edu/download/31996976/Sedlenieks_2005_Rotten_Talk_Corruptio n_as_a_Part_of_Discourse_in_Cont.pdf Sedmihradská, L., & Haas, J. (2013). Budget Transparency and Fiscal Performance: Do Open Budgets Matter? ACTA VSFS, 7(2), 109–122. Segal, L. (1998). Can we fight the new Tammany Hall? Difficulties of prosecuting political patronage and suggestions for reform. Rutgers Law Review, 50(2), 507–562. Segal, L. (1999). Corruption moves to the center: An analysis of New York’s 1996 school governance law. Harvard Journal On Legislation, 36(2), 323–367. Segal, L. G. (2004). Battling corruption in America’s public schools. Northeastern University Press. Segal, Lydia. (1997). The Pitfalls of Political Decentralization and Proposals for Reform: The Case of New York City Public Schools. Public Administration Review, 57(2), 141. https://doi.org/10.2307/977062 Segal, Lydia. (2002). Roadblocks in Reforming Corrupt Agencies: The Case of the New York City School Custodians. Public Administration Review, 62(4), 445–460. https://doi.org/10.1111/0033-3352.00198 Segal, Lydia. (2010). Independence from Political Influence—A Shaky Shield: A Study of Ten Inspectors General. Public Integrity, 12(4), 297–314. https://doi.org/10.2753/PIN1099-9922120401 Segal, P. (2006). Coming clean on dirty dealing: Time for a fact-based evaluation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Florida Journal of International Law, 18(1), 169–210. Seifert, D. L., Sweeney, J. T., Joireman, J., & Thornton, J. M. (2010). The influence of organizational justice on accountant whistleblowing. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 35(7), 707–717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2010.09.002 Seiler, N., & Madir, J. (2012). Fight Against Corruption: Sanctions Regimes of Multilateral Development Banks. Journal of International Economic Law, 15(1), 5–28. https://doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgr037 Seim, L. T., & Søreide, T. (2009). Bureaucratic complexity and impacts of corruption in utilities. Utilities Policy, 17(2), 176–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2008.07.007 Sekalala, S., & Kirya, M. (2015). Challenges in Multi-Level Health Governance: Corruption in the Global Fund’s Operations in Uganda and Zambia. Hague Journal on the Rule of Law, 339

7(1), 141–151. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40803-015-0010-x Seker, M., & Yang, J. S. (2014). Bribery solicitations and firm performance in the Latin America and Caribbean region. JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE ECONOMICS, 42(1), 246–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2013.05.004 Seldadyo, H., & de Haan, J. (2006, April 20). The Determinants of Corruption: A Literature Survey and New Evidence. EPCS Conference, Turku, Finland. Seldadyo, Harry, & De Haan, J. (2011). Is Corruption Really Persistent? Pacific Economic Review, 16(2), 192–206. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0106.2011.00542.x Seldadyo, Harry, Elhorst, J. P., & De Haan, J. (2010). Geography and governance: Does space matter?: Geography and governance. Papers in Regional Science, 89(3), 625–640. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5957.2009.00273.x Seldadyo, Harry, Nugroho, E. P., & de Haan, J. (2007). Governance and Growth Revisited. Kyklos, 60(2), 279–290. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.2007.00372.x Seleim, A., & Bontis, N. (2009). The relationship between culture and corruption: A cross‐national study. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 10(1), 165–184. https://doi.org/10.1108/14691930910922978 Seligson, M. (2001). Corruption and Democratization: What is to be Done? Public Integrity, 3(3), 221–241. Seligson, M. A. (2002a). On the Measurement of Corruption. APSA-CP, 13(2), 5–6. Seligson, M. A. (2002b). The Impact of Corruption on Regime Legitimacy: A Comparative Study of Four Latin American Countries. The Journal of Politics, 64(2), 408–433. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2508.00132 Seligson, M. A. (2006). The Measurement and Impact of Corruption Victimization: Survey Evidence from Latin America. World Development, 34(2), 381–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.03.012 Sellami, Y. M., & Borgi, H. (2020). Compliance with IFRS for related party transactions across eight African countries: Do corruption and government quality matter? International Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Performance Evaluation, 16(1), 81. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJAAPE.2020.106780 Selmier, W. T. (2013). Stand by me: Friends, relationship banking, and financial governance in Asia. Business Horizons, 56(6), 733–741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2013.07.011 Semenescu, A., Catarama, D., Pele, D., Dragota, V., & Obreja Brasoveanu, L. (2008). Corruption, investments and economic growth. Proceedings Of The Eighth International

340

Business Research Conference, Dubai, UAE, 27–28. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.569.7074&rep=rep1&type=pdf Semukhina, O., & Reynolds, K. M. (2014). Russian citizens’ perceptions of corruption and trust of the police. Policing and Society, 24(2), 158–188. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2013.784290 Senci, C. (2020). Corruption and externalities: Assessing the role of intentions. Papers, 105(1), 111. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/papers.2630 Sengupta, A. (2016). Anti-Corruption Litigation in the Supreme Court of India. Open Society Foundations. Sengupta, M. (2014). Anna Hazare’s Anti-Corruption Movement and the Limits of Mass Mobilization in India. Social Movement Studies, 13(3), 406–413. https://doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2013.860025 Seo, D. W., & Han, S. H. (n.d.). Corruption and Corporate Cash Holdings. Emerging Markets Finance & Trade, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2021.1890022 Sequeira, S. (2012). Advances in Measuring Corruption. In Danila Serra & L. Wantchekon (Eds.), New Advances in Experimental Research on Corruption, Emerald Publishing. Emerald Publishing. Sequeira, S. (2015). Corruption and Trade Costs. In Susan Rose-Ackerman & P. Lagunes (Eds.), Greed, Corruption, and the Modern State: Essays in Political Economy (pp. 206–223). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=47KCCgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR1&d q=Corruption+and+Trade+Costs%E2%80%9D,+in+Susan+Rose-Ackerman+%26+Paul+ Lagunes+eds.,+Greed,+Corruption,+and+the+Modern+State+&ots=1hzDn5cItU&sig=xk -teFYbNHLChmasNBOa_AwDxZw Sequeira, S., & Djankov, S. (2012). Trade Costs and Corruption in Ports. In T. Cantens, R. Ireland, & G. Raballand (Eds.), Reform by numbers: Measurement applied to customs and tax administrations in developing countries (pp. 34–35). World Bank Publications. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=RdEwI5W1mWcC&oi=fnd&pg=PP2&d q=%E2%80%9CTrade+Costs+and+Corruption+in+Ports,%E2%80%9D+Reform+by+Nu mbers:+Measurement+Applied+to+Customs+and+Tax+Administrations+in+Developing +Countries&ots=m3fxEmzqrN&sig=nbLYkPqGitaqCrB7UbZovVOrKQ0 Sequeira, S., & Djankov, S. (2014). Corruption and firm behavior: Evidence from African ports. Journal of International Economics, Journal Article. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2014.08.010

341

Serafeim, G. (2013). Firm competitiveness and detection of bribery [Harvard Business School Accounting & Management Unit Working Paper]. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2302589 Serfontein, E., & de Waal, E. (2015). The corruption bogey in South Africa: Is public education safe? South African Journal of Education, 35(1), 1–12. Serio, M. (2008). Politically exposed persons: AML, taking the profit out of corruption and problems for the banks. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 11(3), 269–272. https://doi.org/10.1108/13685200810889416 Serra, D. (2012). Combining Top-Down and Bottom-Up Accountability: Evidence from a Bribery Experiment. Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 28(3), 569–587. https://doi.org/10.1093/jleo/ewr010 Serra, Danila. (2006). Empirical determinants of corruption: A sensitivity analysis. Public Choice, 126(1–2), 225–256. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-006-0286-4 Serra, Danila, Serneels, P., & Barr, A. (2011). Intrinsic motivations and the non-profit health sector: Evidence from Ethiopia. Personality and Individual Differences, 51(3), 309–314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.04.018 Serra, Danila, & Wantchekon, L. (2012). New Advances in Experimental Research on Corruption. Emerald Group Publishing. Serra, G. (2016). Vote Buying with Illegal Resources: Manifestation of a Weak Rule of Law in Mexico. Journal of Politics in Latin America, 8(1), 129. Serritzlew, S., Sønderskov, K. M., & Svendsen, G. T. (2014). Do Corruption and Social Trust Affect Economic Growth? A Review. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 16(2), 121–139. https://doi.org/10.1080/13876988.2012.741442 Setor, T. K., Senyo, P. K., & Addo, A. (2021). Do digital payment transactions reduce corruption? Evidence from developing countries. Telematics and Informatics, 60, 101577-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2021.101577 Sevüktekin, M., Nargeleçekenler, M., & Giray, F. (2010). A Cross-Country Comparison of Corruption and Public Expenditures: A Panel Data Approach. International Journal of Public Administration, 33(3), 140–150. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900690903304159 Shabbir, G. (2007). Determinants of corruption in developing countries. The Pakistan Development Review, 46(4), 751–764. Shadnam, M., Lawrence, T. B., & Philosophy Documentation Center. (2011). Understanding Widespread Misconduct in Organizations: An Institutional Theory of Moral Collapse. Business Ethics Quarterly, 21(3), 379–407. https://doi.org/10.5840/beq201121324 342

Shafiq, M. N. (2015). Aspects of Moral Change in India, 1990–2006: Evidence from Public Attitudes toward Tax Evasion and Bribery. World Development, 68, 136–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.11.017 Shah, A. (2006). Corruption and decentralized public governance (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 32824). http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=877331 Shah, A. (2007). Tailoring the Fight against Corruption to Country Circumstances. In A. Shah (Ed.), Performance Accountability and Combating Corruption. The World Bank. http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/978-0-8213-6941-8 Shah, A. (2014). Decentralized Provision of Public Infrastructure and Corruption [International Center for Public Policy Working Paper 14-18]. http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/icepp/14/ Shah, A., & Schacter, M. (2004). Combating Corruption: Look Before You Leap. Finance & Development, 41(4), 40–43. Shah, A., Thompson, T., & Zou, H. (2004). The impact of decentralization on service delivery, corruption, fiscal management and growth in developing and emerging market economies: A synthesis of empirical evidence. CESifo DICE Report, 1(2004), 10–14. Shah, S. H., Ahmad, M. H., & Ahmed, Q. M. (2016). The nexus between sectoral FDI and institutional quality: Empirical evidence from Pakistan. Applied Economics, 48(17), 1591–1601. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2015.1103039 Shahabuddin, S. (2002). The Causes and Consequences of Bribery in International Business. International Journal of Management, 19(2), 366–376. Shalvi, S., Eldar, O., & Bereby-Meyer, Y. (2012). Honesty Requires Time (and Lack of Justifications). Psychological Science, 23(10), 1264–1270. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797612443835 Shalvi, Shaul. (2016). Corruption corrupts. Nature, 531(7595), 456. Shan, M., Chan, A. P. C., Le, Y., & Hu, Y. (2015). Investigating the Effectiveness of Response Strategies for Vulnerabilities to Corruption in the Chinese Public Construction Sector. Science and Engineering Ethics, 21(3), 683–705. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-014-9560-x Shan, M., Chan, A. P. C., Le, Y., Xia, B., & Hu, Y. (2015). Measuring Corruption in Public Construction Projects in China. Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice, 141(4), 05015001. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EI.1943-5541.0000241 Shao, J., Ivanov, P. Ch., Podobnik, B., & Stanley, H. E. (2007). Quantitative relations between corruption and economic factors. The European Physical Journal B, 56(2), 157–166. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2007-00098-2 343

Sharafutdinova, G. (2010). What Explains Corruption Perceptions? The Dark Side of Political Competition in Russia’s Regions. Comparative Politics, 42(2), 147–166. https://doi.org/10.5129/001041510X12911363509431 Sharma, D., & Ashat, S. (2014). Corruption: Reasons & Remedy to Sustain Economic Development. Available at SSRN 2406938. http://papers.ssrn.com/soL3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2406938 Sharman, J. C. (2010). Shopping for Anonymous Shell Companies: An Audit Study of Anonymity and Crime in the International Financial System. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 24(4), 127–140. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.24.4.127 Sharman, J. C. (2011). The Money Laundry: Regulating Criminal Finance in the Global Economy. Cornell University Press. http://cornell.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.7591/cornell/9780801450181.001. 0001/upso-9780801450181 Sharman, J. C. (2012). Chasing kleptocrats’ loot: Narrowing the effectiveness gap. U4 Issue Paper, 4, U4. Sharman, J. C., & Chaikin, D. (2009). Corruption and Anti-Money-Laundering Systems: Putting a Luxury Good to Work. Governance, 22(1), 27–45. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0491.2008.01420.x Shaw, B. (2000). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and progeny: Morally unassailable. Cornell International Law Journal, 33(3), 689. Shaw, P., Katsaiti, M.-S., & Jurgilas, M. (2011). Corruption and Growth under Weak Identification. Economic Inquiry, 49(1), 264–275. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.2009.00276.x Shaw, P., Katsaiti, M.-S., & Pecoraro, B. (2015). On the Determinants of Educational Corruption: The Case of Ukraine. Contemporary Economic Policy, 33(4), 698–713. https://doi.org/10.1111/coep.12097 Shaxson, N. (2007). Oil, corruption and the resource curse. International Affairs, 83(6), 1123–1140. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2346.2007.00677.x Sheahen, K. (2010). I’m Not Going to Disneyland: Illusory Affirmative Defenses Under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Wisconsin International Law Journal, Forthcoming. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1657675 Sheffet, M. J. (1995). The foreign corrupt practices act and the omnibus trade and competitiveness act of 1988: Did they change corporate behavior? Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 290–300.

344

Shehada, Y. (2015). Does Foreign Aid Accelerate Corruption? The Case of the Palestinian National Authority. Journal of Holy Land and Palestine Studies, 14(2), 165–187. https://doi.org/10.3366/hlps.2015.0116 Shekshnia, S., Ledeneva, A., & Denisova-Schmidt, E. (2014). Reflective Leadership vs. Endemic Corruption in Emerging Markets (INSEAD Working Paper No. 2013/121/EFE). http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2373889 Shelley, L. (2005). Civil society mobilized against corruption: Russia and Ukraine. In M. Johnston (Ed.), Civil society and corruption: Mobilizing for reform (pp. 3–22). https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=PGrAc4cMDw8C&oi=fnd&pg=PA3&d q=%22Civil+Society+Mobilized+Against+Corruption:+Russia+and+Ukraine%22,+in+M icheal+Johnston,+ed.,+Civil+Society+and+Corruption:+Mobilizing+for+Reform&ots=qx ctgfyqco&sig=ThYl4BFoI7oGW3Uli0Xow_65lR4 Shelley, L. (2006). The Unholy Trinity: Transnational Crime, Corruption, and Terrorism. NATO SECURITY THROUGH SCIENCE SERIES E HUMAN AND SOCIETAL DYNAMICS, 10, 100. Shelley, L. I., & Picarelli, J. T. (2002). Methods Not Motives: Implications of the Convergence of International Organized Crime and Terrorism. Police Practice and Research, 3(4), 305–318. https://doi.org/10.1080/1561426022000032079 Shen, C. (2005). Corruption, Democracy, Economic Freedom, and State Strength: A Cross-national Analysis. International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 46(4), 327–345. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020715205059206 Shen, P., Betz, R., Ortmann, A., & Gong, R. (2020). Improving Truthful Reporting of Polluting Firms by Rotating Inspectors: Experimental Evidence from a Bribery Game. Environmental & Resource Economics, 76(2–3), 201–233. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-020-00417-0 Shepherd, B. (2009). Speed Money: Time, Corruption and Trade (MPRA Paper 17337). http://mpra. ub. uni-muenchen. de/17337 Shepherd, Ben. (2009). More Speed, Less “Speed Money”: Asia-Pacific Firm-Level Evidence on Border Crossing Times as Corruption Incentives. http://developing-trade.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Working-Paper-DTC-2009-3.p df Sherk, D. R., & Johnston, M. (2005). The Cultural Dimension of Corruption: Reflections on Nigeria. In Civil Society and Corruption: Mobilising for Reform, edited by Michael Johnston (pp. 61–70). https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=PGrAc4cMDw8C&oi=fnd&pg=PA61&

345

dq=The+Cultural+Dimensions+of+Corruption:+Reflections+on+Nigeria%22,+in+Miche al+Johnston,+ed.,+Civil+Society+and+Corruption:+Mobilizing+for+Reform&ots=qxctgf yrbo&sig=UFTETXE2PduuZsY678jNdK53XG8 Sherlock, S. (2002). Combating Corruption in Indonesia? The Ombudsman and the Assets Auditing Commission. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 38(3), 367–383. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074910215532 Sherman, L. W. (1980). Three Models of Organizational Corruption in Agencies of Social Control. Social Problems, 27(4), 478–491. https://doi.org/10.2307/800176 Sherman, L. W. (1985). Becoming Bent: Moral Careers of Corrupt Policemen. In F. Elliston & M. Feldberg (Eds.), Moral issues in police work. Rowman & Allanheld. Sheyn, E. R. (2011). Criminalizing the denial of honest services after Skilling. Wisconsin Law Review, 2011(1), 27–65. Shi, S., & Temzelides, T. (2004). A Model of Bureaucracy and Corruption. International Economic Review, 45(3), 873–908. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0020-6598.2004.00290.x Shih, V., Adolph, C., & Liu, M. (2012). Getting Ahead in the Communist Party: Explaining the Advancement of Central Committee Members in China. American Political Science Review, 106(01), 166–187. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055411000566 Shihata, I. F. I. (1997). Corruption: A General Review with an Emphasis on the Role of the World Bank. Journal of Financial Crime, 5(1), 12–29. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb025812 Shim, D. C., & Eom, T. H. (2008). E-Government and Anti-Corruption: Empirical Analysis of International Data. International Journal of Public Administration, 31(3), 298–316. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900690701590553 Shim, D. C., & Eom, T. H. (2009). Anticorruption effects of information communication and technology (ICT) and social capital. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 75(1), 99–116. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852308099508 Shin, J. H. (2015). Voter Demands for Patronage: Evidence from Indonesia. Journal of East Asian Studies, 15(01), 127–151. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1598240800004197 Shirazi, M. A. (2011). The impact of corruption on international trade. Denver Journal of International Law and Policy, 40(1–3), 435. Shirin, S. S. (2015). Corruption in Higher Education in Russia—First Decade of the 21st Century. International Education Studies, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v8n2p160 Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. W. (1993). Corruption. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 108(3), 599–617. https://doi.org/10.2307/2118402

346

Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. W. (1994). Politicians and Firms. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 109(4), 995–1025. https://doi.org/10.2307/2118354 Shleifer, Andrei. (2004). Does Competition Destroy Ethical Behavior? American Economic Review, 94(2), 414–418. https://doi.org/10.1257/0002828041301498 Sholderer, O. (2013). The drivers of police reform: The cases of Georgia and Armenia.(Report). CEU Political Science Journal, 8(3), 323. Shore, C. (2005). Culture and corruption in the EU: Reflections on fraud, nepotism and cronyism in the European Commission. In Corruption: Anthropological Perspectives (pp. 131–155). http://www.untag-smd.ac.id/files/Perpustakaan_Digital_1/CORRUPTION%20Haller_Co rruption-Anthropological%20Perspectives.pdf#page=135 Shore, C., & Haller, D. (2005). Sharp practice: Anthropology and the study of corruption. In Corruption: Anthropological Perspectives (pp. 1–26). Shrewsbury, D. A. (2012). Degrees of corruption: The current state of “corrupt persuasion” in 18 U.S.C. 1512. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 375–401. Shu, L. L., Gino, F., & Bazerman, M. H. (2011). Dishonest Deed, Clear Conscience: When Cheating Leads to Moral Disengagement and Motivated Forgetting. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37(3), 330–349. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167211398138 Shu, Lisa L., & Gino, F. (2012). Sweeping dishonesty under the rug: How unethical actions lead to forgetting of moral rules. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102(6), 1164–1177. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028381 Shu, Y., & Cai, J. (2017). “Alcohol Bans”: Can they reveal the effect of Xi Jinping’s anti-corruption campaign? European Journal of Political Economy, 50, 37–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2017.09.004 Shukrala, E., & Allan, W. (2011). Foreign Aid, women in parliament and corruption: Empirical evidence from the 2000s’. Economics Bulletin, 31(1), 519–533. Shulman, S. (2014). The criminalization of bribery: Can the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act be applicable to the anti-bribery provisions of the United Nations Convention Against Corruption? American University International Law Review, 29(3), 717–753. Sidani, Y. M., Thornberry, J., & Philosophy Documentation Center. (2013). Nepotism in the Arab World: An Institutional Theory Perspective. Business Ethics Quarterly, 23(1), 69–96. https://doi.org/10.5840/beq20132313 Siddiquee, N. A. (2010). Combating Corruption and Managing Integrity in Malaysia: A Critical Overview of Recent Strategies and Initiatives. Public Organization Review, 10(2), 347

153–171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-009-0102-y Sikka, P., & Lehman, G. (2015). The supply-side of corruption and limits to preventing corruption within government procurement and constructing ethical subjects. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 28, 62–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2015.01.008 Silva, E. C. D., Kahn, C. M., & Zhu, X. (2007). Crime and Punishment and Corruption: Who Needs “Untouchables?” Journal of Public Economic Theory, 9(1), 69–87. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9779.2007.00298.x Silva, P. (2016). ‘A Poor but Honest Country’: Corruption and Probity in Chile. Journal of Developing Societies, 32(2), 178–203. https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X15609712 Silverman, E. B., Anechiarico, F., & Jacobs, J. B. (1998). The Price of Controlling Corruption. Public Administration Review, 58(2), 182. https://doi.org/10.2307/976367 Simpser, A. (2008). Cheating big: On the logic of electoral corruption in developing countries [Working Paper]. University of Chicago, Department of Political Science. Simpser, A. (2012). Does Electoral Manipulation Discourage Voter Turnout? Evidence from Mexico. The Journal of Politics, 74(3), 782–795. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022381612000333 Simpser, A. (2013). The Intergenerational Persistence of Attitudes Toward Corruption [Working Paper]. http://qog.pol.gu.se/digitalAssets/1530/1530086_simpser.pdf Simpson, D. (2014). The Art of the Watchdog: Fighting Fraud, Waste, Abuse, and Corruption in Government by Daniel L.Feldman and David R.Eichenthal. Albany, State University of New York Press, 2014. 353 pp. $29.95.: BOOK REVIEW. Political Science Quarterly, 129(3), 548–549. https://doi.org/10.1002/polq.12244 Simpson, J. G. (2016). Ghana and the ideal of the citizen-shareholder: A corporate-law response to the resource curse. Duke Law Journal, 65(6), 1281. Simpson, M. (2014). Terrorism and Corruption: Alternatives for Goal Attainment Within Political Opportunity Structures. International Journal of Sociology, 44(2), 87–104. https://doi.org/10.2753/IJS0020-7659440204 Sims, R. L., Gong, B., & Ruppel, C. P. (2012). A contingency theory of corruption: The effect of human development and national culture. The Social Science Journal, 49(1), 90–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2011.07.005 Sindzingre, A. (2005). States, Networks, and Rents: Contrasting Corruption in Africa and Asia. In M. Johnston (Ed.), Civil Society and Corruption: Mobilizing for Reform (pp. 33–60). https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=gHNGPLy_cOwC&oi=fnd&pg=PA33& dq=+%22States,+Networks,+and+Rents:+Contrasting+Corruption+in+Africa+and+Asia 348

%22,+in+Micheal+Johnston,+ed.,+Civil+Society+and+Corruption:+Mobilizing+for+Ref orm&ots=wDtXOGGI-z&sig=5mC8BejQOPFpnFsB5qWZlJ0IaBE Singer, S. (2009). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act in the private equity era: Extracting a hidden element. Emory International Law Review, 23(1), 273–308. Singh, D. (2016). Anti-corruption Strategies in Afghanistan: An Alternative Approach. Journal of Developing Societies, 32(1), 44–72. https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X15609714 Singh, Danny. (2015). Explaining varieties of corruption in the Afghan Justice Sector. Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, 9(2), 231–255. https://doi.org/10.1080/17502977.2015.1033093 Singh, Gurharpal. (1997). Understanding Political Corruption in Contemporary Indian Politics. Political Studies, 45(3), 626–638. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00099 Singh, Gurmeet, Pathak, R. D., Naz, R., & Belwal, R. (2010). E‐governance for improved public sector service delivery in India, Ethiopia and Fiji. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 23(3), 254–275. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513551011032473 Sinlapapiromsuk, T. (2013). The Legal Consequences of Investor Corruption in Investor-State Disputes: How Should the System Proceed? Transnational Dispute Management (TDM), 10(3). https://www.transnational-dispute-management.com/article.asp?key=1959&utm_source= twitterfeed&utm_medium=twitter Sissener, T. K. (2001). Anthropological perspectives on corruption [Working Paper]. Chr. Michelsen Institute. http://bora.cmi.no/dspace/handle/10202/209 SITNIKOV, P. V., IBRAYEVA, A. S., ALDABERGENOV, A. T., BAIKENZHEYEV, A. S., & IBRAYEV, N. S. (2020). Forming an Anti-Corruption Culture of Law Enforcement Agencies: National and International Experience. Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics, 11(2), 598–604. https://doi.org/10.14505/jarle.v11.2(48).30 Sivachenko, I. (2013). Corporate victims of “victimless crime”: How the FCPA’s statutory ambiguity, coupled with strict liability, hurts businesses and discourages compliance. Boston College Law Review, 54(1), 393–431. Siverson, R. M., & Johnson, R. A. I. (2014). Politics and Parasites: The Contribution of Corruption to Human Misery. International Studies Quarterly, 58(1), 199–206. https://doi.org/10.1111/isqu.12052 Sjahrir, B. S., Kis-Katos, K., & Schulze, G. G. (2014). Administrative Overspending in Indonesian Districts: The Role of Local Politics. World Development, 59, 166–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.01.008

349

Sjoberg, F. M. (2014). Autocratic adaptation: The strategic use of transparency and the persistence of election fraud. Electoral Studies, 33, 233–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2013.08.004 Skendaj, E. (2016). Social Status and Minority Corruption in the Western Balkans. Problems of Post-Communism, 63(2), 108–120. https://doi.org/10.1080/10758216.2015.1106323 Skladany, M. (2009). Buying Our Way Out of Corruption: Performance-Based Incentive Bonuses for Developing Country Politicians and Bureaucrats. Yale Human Rights & Development Law Journal, 12, 160–283. Skoblikov, P. (2006). How is Corruption Punished in Present Day Russia? European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice, 14(4), 440–449. https://doi.org/10.1163/157181706780132823 Skolnick, J. (2002). Corruption and the Blue Code of Silence. Police Practice and Research, 3(1), 7–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614260290011309 Skouras, S., & Christodoulakis, N. (2010). Electoral Misgovernance Cycles: Evidence from wildfires and tax evasion in Greece and elsewhere [Working Paper]. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1709068 Slinko, I. (2005). Laws for Sale: Evidence from Russia. American Law and Economics Review, 7(1), 284–318. https://doi.org/10.1093/aler/ahi010 Slomczynski, K., & Shabad, G. (2012). Perceptions of political party corruption and voting behaviour in Poland. Party Politics, 18(6), 897–917. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068810393266 Smaltz, D. (1998). The independent counsel: A view from inside. Georgetown Law Journal, 86(6), 2307–2378. Smart, A., & Hsu, C. L. (2007). Corruption or social capital? Tact and the performance of guanxi in market socialist China. In Corruption and the secret of law: A legal anthropological perspective (pp. 167–190). https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=e0bJtdjisCQC&oi=fnd&pg=PA167&dq =+%22Corruption+or+Social+Capital%3F+Tact+and+the+Performance+of+Guanxi+in+ Market+Socialist+China%22,+in+Monique+Juijten+%26+Gerhard+Anders+eds.,+Corru ption+and+the+Secret+of+Law:+A+Legal+Anthropological+Perspective&ots=CFbFco8 Bkf&sig=7pgfq-fRoA2cIyDNCXvUStCHd9o Smarzynska, B. K., & Wei, S.-J. (2000). Corruption and composition of foreign direct investment: Firm-level evidence (NBER Working Paper No. 7969). National bureau of economic research. http://www.nber.org/papers/w7969

350

Smilov, D. (2010). Anticorruption agencies: Expressive, constructivist and strategic uses. Crime, Law and Social Change, 53(1), 67–77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-009-9215-z Smilov, D., & Dorosiev, R. (2016). Corruption in Bulgaria: Contested Perceptions, Shared Disappointment. In The Social Construction of Corruption in Europe (p. 219). https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=HxWgCwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA21 9&dq=%22Corruption+in+Bulgaria:+Contested+Perceptions,+Shared+Disappointment% 22,+in+Dirk+Tanzler,+Konstadinos+Maras+%26+Angelos+Giannakopoulos+eds.,+The+ Social+Construction+of+Corruption+in+Europe+&ots=nMrwPjtyR4&sig=ycNT7DtlLS m-LDbtyv4sY7ZIwBI Smirnova, L. (2014). Political Reform and the Fight Against Corruption in the PRC: International Experience and the Chinese Model. International Affairs, 60(5), 170. Smith, B. (2008). Edmund Burke, the Warren Hastings Trial, and the Moral Dimension of Corruption*. Polity, 40(1), 70–94. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.polity.2300051 Smith, C. F., & Parling, B. D. (2012). “American imperialism”: A practitioner’s experience with extraterritorial enforcement of the FCPA. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 237–257. Smith, D. (2007). A culture of corruption: Everyday deception and popular discontent in Nigeria. Smith, D. B., Stettler, H., & Beedles, W. (1984). An investigation of the information content of foreign sensitive payment disclosures. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 6(2), 153–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-4101(84)90011-9 Smith, D. J. (2001). Kinship and Corruption in Contemporary Nigeria. Ethnos, 66(3), 344–364. https://doi.org/10.1080/00141840120095131 Smith, D. J. (2009). The Paradoxes of Popular Participation in Corruption in Nigeria. In R. I. Rotberg (Ed.), Corruption, global security, and world order (pp. 283-309.). Brookings Institution Press. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=8rRCB7qYuwMC&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&d q=%22The+Paradoxes+of+Popular+Participation+in+Corruption+in+Nigeria%22%22Th e+Paradoxes+of+Popular+Participation+in+Corruption+in+Nigeria%22,+in+Robert+I.+ Rotberg,+ed.+Corruption,+Global+Security+and+World+Order&ots=x2JMXS5v9-&sig =KB3mHQFVRxmB8YhntCSIPFrz6uM Smith, D. J. (2014). Corruption complaints, inequality and ethnic grievances in post-Biafra Nigeria. Third World Quarterly, 35(5), 787–802. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2014.921430 Smith, E. J. (2012). Resolving ambiguity in the FCPA through compliance with the OECD Convention on bribery of Foreign Public Officials. Md. J. Int’l L., 27, 377. 351

Smith, G. (2011). Assessing the effectiveness of ethics legislation in influencing parliamentary attitudes toward corruption: A cross national comparison between the UK and Ireland: Influence of ethics legislation on parliament. Journal of Public Affairs, 11(2), 100–110. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.390 Smith, J. D. (2016). US political corruption and firm financial policies. Journal of Financial Economics, 121(2), 350–367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2015.08.021 Smith, L. E. (2014). Is Strict Liability the Answer in the Battle against Foreign Corporate Bribery? Brooklyn Law Review, 79, 1801–1801. Smith, N., & Thomas, E. (2015). Determinants of Russia’s Informal Economy: The Impact of Corruption and Multinational Firms. Journal of East-West Business, 21(2), 102–128. https://doi.org/10.1080/10669868.2015.1004148 Smith, R. C. (2013). Combating FCPA Charges: Is Resistance Futile. Va. J. Int’l L., 54, 157. Smith, R. G., & Jorna, P. (2011). Corrupt misuse of information and communications technologies. Handbook of Global Research and Practice in Corruption, 255. Smith, T. (1995). Political sleaze in Britain: Causes, concerns and cures. Parliamentary Affairs, 48(4), 551–562. Smith-Crowe, K., Tenbrunsel, A. E., Chan-Serafin, S., Brief, A. P., Umphress, E. E., & Joseph, J. (2015). The Ethics “Fix”: When Formal Systems Make a Difference. Journal of Business Ethics, 131(4), 791–801. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-2022-6 Smith-Crowe, K., & Warren, D. E. (2014). The Emotion-Evoked Collective Corruption Model: The Role of Emotion in the Spread of Corruption Within Organizations. Organization Science, 25(4), 1154–1171. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2014.0896 Smulovitz, C., & Peruzzotti, E. (2000). Societal Accountability in Latin America. Journal of Democracy, 11(4), 147–158. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2000.0087 Smyth, R., & Qian, J. X. (2009). Corruption and left-wing beliefs in a post-socialist transition economy: Evidence from China’s ‘harmonious society.’ Economics Letters, 102(1), 42–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2008.11.006 Sneath, D. (2002). Reciprocity and notions of corruption in contemporary Mongolia. Mongolian Studies, 25, 85–99. Sneath, D. (2006). Transacting and enacting: Corruption, obligation and the use of monies in Mongolia. Ethnos, 71(1), 89–112. https://doi.org/10.1080/00141840600603228 Snider, T. R., & Kidane, W. (2007). Combating corruption through international law in Africa: A comparative analysis. Cornell International Law Journal, 40(3), 691–748.

352

Snow Bailard, C. (2009). Mobile phone diffusion and corruption in Africa. Political Communication, 26(3), 333–353. Snyder, J. M., & Strömberg, D. (2010). Press Coverage and Political Accountability. Journal of Political Economy, 118(2), 355–408. https://doi.org/10.1086/652903 Soans, A., & Abe, M. (2016). Bribery, corruption and bureaucratic hassle: Evidence from Myanmar. Journal of Asian Economics, 44(Journal Article), 41. Sobrinho, N., & Thakoor, V. (2019). More Sand Than Oil. Finance & Development, 56(3), 35–37. Soest, C. von. (2013). Anhaltende systemische Korruption: Warum Demokratisierung und ökonomische Liberalisierung ein altes Problem nicht gelöst haben. Zeitschrift Für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft, 7(1), 57–87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12286-013-0157-6 Sohail, M., & Cavill, S. (2008). Accountability to Prevent Corruption in Construction Projects. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 134(9), 729–738. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2008)134:9(729) Sohmen, H. (1999). Critical Importance of Controlling Corruption. The International Lawyer, 33(4), 863–873. Solimine, P. C. (2020). Political corruption and the congestion of controllability in social networks. Applied Network Science, 5(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41109-020-00263-5 Solis, J. A., & Antenangeli, L. (2017). Corruption Is Bad News for a Free Press: Reassessing the Relationship Between Media Freedom and Corruption. Social Science Quarterly, 98(3), 1112–1137. https://doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.12438 Solovyeva, A. (2020). Student Attitudes and Experience with Academic Corruption in the Khabarovsk Region of Russia. In Corruption in Higher Education (pp. 15–19). Brill Sense. https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789004433885/BP000003.xml Somlo, M. J. (2015). Historical inefficiencies and future potential: A critical analysis of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977. International Journal of Economics and Accounting, 6(1), 33. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEA.2015.068975 Song, X., & Cheng, W. (2012). Perception of Corruption in 36 Major Chinese Cities: Based on Survey of 1,642 Experts. Social Indicators Research, 109(2), 211–221. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-011-9896-4 Song, Y., Wang, M. Y., & Lei, X. (2016). Following the Money: Corruption, Conflict, and the Winners and Losers of Suburban Land Acquisition in China: Land Acquisition in China: 353

Corruption and Conflict. Geographical Research, 54(1), 86–102. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-5871.12158 Soper, D. S., & Demirkan, H. (2012). How ICTs Affect Democracy and Corruption in Emerging Societies. IT Professional, 14(4), 18–23. https://doi.org/10.1109/MITP.2012.51 Søreide, T. (2008). Beaten by Bribery: Why Not Blow the Whistle? Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics JITE, 164(3), 407–428. https://doi.org/10.1628/093245608785363443 Søreide, T. (2009). Too risk averse to stay honest? International Review of Law and Economics, 29(4), 388–395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irle.2009.03.001 Søreide, T. (2016). Corruption and Criminal Justice. Edward Elgar Publishing. http://www.elgaronline.com/view/9781784715977.xml Søreide, T., & Truex, R. (2013). Multi-stakeholder Groups for Better Sector Performance: A Key to Fighting Corruption in Natural-Resource Governance? Development Policy Review, 31(2), 203–217. https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.12003 Sosa, L. A. (2004). Wages and Other Determinants of Corruption. Review of Development Economics, 8(4), 597–605. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9361.2004.00255.x Sotande, E. (2019). Impediments affecting the curbing of illicit financial flows of organised crime in developing economies. Journal of Financial Crime, 26(1), 5–21. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-11-2017-0108 Sovacool, B. K. (2016). Countering a corrupt oil boom: Energy justice, Natural Resource Funds, and São Tomé e Príncipe’s Oil Revenue Management Law. Environmental Science & Policy, 55, 196–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2015.09.015 Sovacool, B. K., & Andrews, N. (2015). Does transparency matter? Evaluating the governance impacts of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) in Azerbaijan and Liberia. Resources Policy, 45, 183–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2015.04.003 Sovacool, B., Walter, G., van, de G., & Andrews, N. (2016). Energy Governance, Transnational Rules, and the Resource Curse: Exploring the Effectiveness of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI). World Development; World Dev., 83(Journal Article), 179–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.01.021 Spencer, J., & Gomez, C. (2011). MNEs and corruption: The impact of national institutions and subsidiary strategy. Strategic Management Journal, 32(3), 280–300. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.874 Spinesi, L. (2009). Rent-seeking bureaucracies, inequality, and growth. Journal of Development Economics, 90(2), 244–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2008.09.009 354

Spinney, L. (2011). The underhand ape: Why we are all corrupt. New Scientist, 212(2837), 42–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0262-4079(11)62736-X Srivastava, S. C., Teo, T., & Devaraj, S. (2016). You Can’t Bribe a Computer: Dealing with the Societal Challenge of Corruption Through ICT. Mis Quarterly; MIS Q., 40(2), 511-+. Stajkovic, A. D., & Luthans, F. (1997). Business ethics across cultures: A social cognitive model. Journal of World Business, 32(1), 17–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1090-9516(97)90023-7 Standaert, S. (2015). Divining the level of corruption: A Bayesian state-space approach. Journal of Comparative Economics, 43(3), 782–803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2014.05.007 Stansbury, J., Barry, B., & Philosophy Documentation Center. (2007). Ethics Programs and The Paradox of Control: Business Ethics Quarterly, 17(2), 239–261. https://doi.org/10.5840/beq200717229 Stansbury, J. M., & Victor, B. (2009). Whistle-Blowing Among Young Employees: A Life-Course Perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 85(3), 281–299. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9770-8 Stapenhurst, F., Jacobs, K., & Pelizzo, R. (2014). Corruption and Legislatures: Meso-Level Solutions for a Macro-Level Problem. Public Integrity, 16(3), 285–304. https://doi.org/10.2753/PIN1099-9922160304 Stapenhurst, F., Karakas, F., Sarigöllü, E., Jo, M.-S., & Draman, R. (2017). The supply and demand sides of corruption: Canadian extractive companies in Africa. Canadian Foreign Policy = La Politique Etrangere Du Canada, 23(1), 60–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/11926422.2016.1250655 Stapley, L. (2003). An Exploration of the Dynamics of the ‘Corrupter’ and the ‘Corrupted’: Developing Cutting Edge Practices to Prevent Seduction. In J. Kidd & F.-J. Richter, Fighting Corruption in Asia (pp. 377–402). WORLD SCIENTIFIC. http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/9789812795397_0015 Starke, C., Naab, T. K., & Scherer, H. (2016). Free to Expose Corruption: The Impact of Media Freedom, Internet Access and Governmental Online Service Delivery on Corruption. International Journal of Communication, 10(0), 21. Stead, D. (2015). What does the quality of governance imply for urban prosperity? Habitat International, 45, 64–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2014.06.014 Stein, E. A., & Kellam, M. (2014). Programming Presidential Agendas: Partisan and Media Environments That Lead Presidents to Fight Crime and Corruption. Political Communication, 31(1), 25–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2012.762075

355

Stel, N., & Naudé, W. (2016). ‘Public–Private Entanglement’: Entrepreneurship in Lebanon’s Hybrid Political Order. The Journal of Development Studies, 52(2), 254–268. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2015.1081173 Stensöta, H., Wängnerud, L., & Svensson, R. (2015). Gender and Corruption: The Mediating Power of Institutional Logics: Gender and Corruption. Governance, 28(4), 475–496. https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12120 Stephan, P. B. (1999). Rationality and Corruption in the Post-Socialist World. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.169212 Stephenson, K., Gray, L., & Power, R. (2011). Barriers to Asset Recovery: An Analysis of the Key Barriers and Recommendations for Action. The World Bank. http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/978-0-8213-8660-6 Stephenson, M. C. (2015). Corruption and democratic institutions: A review and synthesis. In Susan Rose-Ackerman & P. Lagunes, Greed, Corruption, and the Modern State (pp. 92–133). Edward Elgar Publishing. http://www.elgaronline.com/view/9781784714697.00010.xml Stessens, G. (2001). The international fight against corruption’: General report. Revue internationale de droit pénal, 72(3), 891. https://doi.org/10.3917/ridp.723.0891 Stevenson, D. D., & Wagoner, N. J. (2011). FCPA Sanctions: Too Big to Debar? SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1811126 Stevulak, C., & Brown, M. P. (2011). Activating Public Sector Ethics in Transitional Societies: The Promise of Integrity. Public Integrity, 13(2), 97–112. https://doi.org/10.2753/PIN1099-9922130201 Stinson, P. M., Liederbach, J., Brewer, S. L., Schmalzried, H. D., Mathna, B. E., & Long, K. L. (2013). A study of drug‐related police corruption arrests. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 36(3), 491–511. https://doi.org/10.1108/PIJPSM-06-2012-0051 Stockemer, D., LaMontagne, B., & Scruggs, L. (2013). Bribes and ballots: The impact of corruption on voter turnout in democracies. International Political Science Review, 34(1), 74–90. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512111419824 Stockemer, Daniel. (2011). Women’s Parliamentary Representation in Africa: The Impact of Democracy and Corruption on the Number of Female Deputies in National Parliaments. Political Studies, 59(3), 693–712. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2011.00897.x Stockemer, Daniel. (2013). Corruption and Turnout in Presidential Elections: A Macro-Level Quantitative Analysis: Stockemer / Corruption and Turnout in Presidential Elections.

356

Politics & Policy, 41(2), 189–212. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12012 Stockemer, Daniel, & Calca, P. (2013). Corruption and turnout in Portugal: A municipal level study. Crime, Law and Social Change, 60(5), 535–548. http://dx.doi.org.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/10.1007/s10611-013-9481-7 Stockemer, Daniel, & Sundström, A. (2013). Corruption and citizens’ satisfaction with democracy in Europe: What is the empirical linkage? Zeitschrift Für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft, 7(S1), 137–157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12286-013-0168-3 Stoerk, T. (2016). Statistical corruption in Beijing’s air quality data has likely ended in 2012. Atmospheric Environment, 127, 365–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.12.055 Stokes, S. C. (2005). Perverse Accountability: A Formal Model of Machine Politics with Evidence from Argentina. American Political Science Review, 99(03), 315–325. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055405051683 Strauss, D. A. (1994). Corruption, Equality, and Campaign Finance Reform. Columbia Law Review, 94(4), 1369. https://doi.org/10.2307/1123287 Strömberg, D. (2001). Mass media and public policy. European Economic Review, 45(4–6), 652–663. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2921(01)00106-4 Stromberg, D. (2004). Radio’s Impact on Public Spending. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 119(1), 189–221. https://doi.org/10.1162/003355304772839560 Stromberg, David. (2004). Mass Media Competition, Political Competition, and Public Policy. Review of Economic Studies, 71(1), 265–284. https://doi.org/10.1111/0034-6527.00284 Strombom, D. (1998). Corruption in Procurement. Economic Perspectives, 3(5), 22–26. Sulemana, I., Iddrisu, A. M., & Kyoore, J. E. (2017). A Micro-Level Study of the Relationship Between Experienced Corruption and Subjective Wellbeing in Africa. The Journal of Development Studies, 53(1), 138–155. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2016.1187721 Sullivan, B. (2013). Reformulating bribery: A legal critique of the Bribery Act 2010. In J. Horder & P. Alldridge (Eds.), Modern Bribery Law (pp. 13–38). Cambridge University Press. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781139088398A011 Sun, Yan. (1999). Reform, State, and Corruption: Is Corruption Less Destructive in China than in Russia? Comparative Politics, 32(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.2307/422430 Sun, Yukun. (2021). Corporate Tax Avoidance and Government Corruption:Evidence from Chinese Firms. Economic Modelling. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2021.02.008 Sundström, A. (2016). Corruption and Violations of Conservation Rules: A Survey Experiment 357

with Resource Users. World Development, 85(Journal Article), 73. Sundström, A., & Stockemer, D. (2015). Regional variation in voter turnout in Europe: The impact of corruption perceptions. Electoral Studies, 40, 158–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2015.08.006 Sutrisno, A. (2020). Corrupt at All Levels?: Indonesian Higher Education and the Problem of Corruption. In Corruption in Higher Education (pp. 132–137). Brill Sense. https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789004433885/BP000024.xml Tabish, S. Z. S., & Jha, K. N. (2011). Analyses and evaluation of irregularities in public procurement in India. Construction Management and Economics, 29(3), 261–274. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446193.2010.549138 Tahir, M., Ibrahim, H., Zulkafli, A. H., & Mushtaq, M. (2020). Corruption, national culture, law and dividend repatriation policy. Journal of Multinational Financial Management, 57–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mulfin.2020.100658 Tajaddini, R., & Gholipour, H. F. (2018). Control of Corruption and Luxury Goods Consumption. KYKLOS, 71(4), 613–641. https://doi.org/10.1111/kykl.12188 Tamirisa, N., & Wei, S.-J. (2000). Bribery in Trade: Liberalizing Grease or Non-tariff Barrier? [Working Paper]. Tan, X., Liu, L., Zheng, W., & Huang, Z. (2016). Effects of social dominance orientation and right‐wing authoritarianism on corrupt intention: The role of moral outrage. International Journal of Psychology, 51(3), 213–219. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12148 Taylor, M. M. (2009). Corruption, accountability reforms, and democracy in Brazil. In C. H. Blake & S. D. Morris (Eds.), Corruption and Democracy in Latin America (pp. 150–168). Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. Teichmann, F., Falker, M.-C., & Sergi, B. S. (2020). Extractive industries, corruption and potential solutions. The case of Ukraine. Resources Policy, 69, 101844-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2020.101844 Tekin-Koru, Ayça. (2006). Corruption and the ownership composition of the multinational firm at the time of entry: Evidence from Turkey. Journal of Economics and Finance, 30(2), 251–269. Tekin-Koru, Ayca. (2012). Cross-border M&As vs. Greenfield Investments: Does Corruption Make a Difference? (No. 42857; MPRA Paper). University Library of Munich, Germany. https://ideas.repec.org/p/pra/mprapa/42857.html Tellez, J. F., Wibbels, E., & Krishna, A. (2020). Local Order, Policing, and Bribes: Evidence from India. World Politics, 72(3), 377–410. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043887120000064 358

Tenbrunsel, A. E., & Messick, D. M. (1999). Sanctioning Systems, Decision Frames, and Cooperation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(4), 684–707. Tenbrunsel, AE, & Smith-Crowe, K. (2008). Ethical Decision Making: Where We’ve Been and Where We’re Going. Academy Of Management Annals, 2, 545–607. https://doi.org/10.1080/19416520802211677 Tenbrunsel, Ann, & Messick, D. (2004). Ethical Fading: The Role of Self-Deception in Unethical Behavior. Social Justice Research, 17(2), 223–236. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:SORE.0000027411.35832.53 Tenbrunsel, Ann, Smith-Crowe, K., & Umphress, E. (2003). Building Houses on Rocks: The Role of the Ethical Infrastructure in Organizations. Social Justice Research, 16(3), 285–307. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025992813613 Teorell, J. (2007). Corruption as an Institution: Rethinking the Origins of the Grabbing Hand (2007:5; QoG Working Paper Series). The Quality of Government Institute, University of Gothenburg. Teorell, J., & Rothstein, B. (2015). Getting to Sweden, Part I : War and Malfeasance, 1720-1850. Scandinavian Political Studies, 38(3), 217–237. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9477.12048 Testa, C. (2010). Bicameralism and corruption. European Economic Review, 54(2), 181–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2009.04.010 Tetreault, D., & Mcculligh, C. (2018). Water Grabbing via Institutionalised Corruption in Zacatecas, Mexico. Water Alternatives-An Interdisciplinary Journal On Water Politics And Devel, 11(3), 572–591. Thachil, T., & Teitelbaum, E. (2015). Ethnic Parties and Public Spending. 48(11), 1389–1420. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414015576743 Thachuk, K. (2005). Corruption and International Security. SAIS Review, 25(1), 143–152. Thacker, S. C. (n.d.). Democracy, Economic Policy, and Political Corruption in Comparative Perspective. In Charles H. Blake & Stephen D. Morris (Ed.), Corruption and Democracy in Latin America (pp. 25–45). Thampi, Gopakumar & Sita Sekhar. (2006). Citizen Report Cards. In C. J. G. (Charles J. G. ) Sampford (Ed.), Measuring corruption (pp. 233–250). Ashgate. Thede, S., & Gustafson, N.-Å. (2012). The Multifaceted Impact of Corruption on International Trade. The World Economy, 35(5), 651–666. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2012.01436.x Themudo, N. S. (2014). Government Size, Nonprofit Sector Strength, and Corruption A

359

Cross-National Examination. American Review of Public Administration, 44(3), 309–323. https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074012465791 Themudo, Nuno S. (2013). Reassessing the Impact of Civil Society: Nonprofit Sector, Press Freedom, and Corruption. Governance, 26(1), 63–89. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0491.2012.01602.x Theobald, R. (1990). Corruption, development, and underdevelopment. Macmillan. Theobald, R. (1994). Lancing the Swollen African State: Will It Alleviate the Problem of Corruption? The Journal of Modern African Studies, 32(4), 701–706. Theobald, R. (1997). Can debt be used to combat political corruption in Africa? Crime, Law and Social Change, 27(3), 299–314. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008284819112 Theobald, R. (1999). So what really is the problem about corruption? Third World Quarterly, 20(3), 491–502. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436599913640 Thiessen, U. (2010). The Shadow Economy in International Comparison: Options for Economic Policy Derived from an OECD Panel Analysis. International Economic Journal, 24(4), 481–509. https://doi.org/10.1080/10168737.2010.525986 Thomas, Chantal. (1999). Does the “good governance policy” of the international financial institutions privilege markets at the expense of democracy? Connecticut Journal of International Law, 14(2), 551–562. Thomas, Cortney. (2010). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: A Decade of Rapid Expansion Explained, Defended, and Justified*. The Review of Litigation, 29(2), 439–470. Thomas, M. A. (2010). What do the Worldwide Governance Indicators measure? The European Journal of Development Research : Journal of the European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes EADI, 22(1), 31–54. Thomas, M. A., & Meagher, P. (2004). A Corruption Primer: An Overview of Concepts in the Corruption Literature (Discussion Paper No. 04/03). IRIS. Thompson, D. (2005). Two concepts of corruption: Making campaigns safe for democracy. George Washington Law Review, 73(5–6), 1036–1069. Thompson, D. F. (1993). Mediated corruption: The case of the Keating five. (Charles Keating, Jr.). American Political Science Review, 87(2), 369. Thompson, D. F. (Dennis F. (1995). Ethics in Congress: From individual to institutional corruption. Brookings Institutions. Thompson, L. D. (2014). In-sourcing corporate responsibility for enforcement of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. (Reducing Corporate Criminality: Evaluating Department of 360

Justice Policy on the Prosecution of Business Organizations and Options for Reform). American Criminal Law Review, 51(1), 199. Thompson, M. R. (2016). Southeast Asia’s Subversive Voters: A Philippine Perspective. Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints, 64(2), 265–287. https://doi.org/10.1353/phs.2016.0018 Thompson, S. C. (2015). The application of honest services fraud to international commercial bribery. New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, 47(3), 685–718. Thornton, J. (2008). Corruption and the Composition of Tax Revenue in Middle East and African Economies. South African Journal of Economics, 76(2), 316–320. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1813-6982.2008.00176.x Thornton, M. (2002). Corruption and Foreign Aid [Working paper]. https://mises.org/library/corruption-and-foreign-aid Thoumi, F. E. (1987). Some Implications of the Growth of the Underground Economy in Colombia. Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, 29(2), 35–53. https://doi.org/10.2307/166072 Tian, P. (2015). A tale of two systems. Nature, 520(7549), S28–S30. Tian, Q. (2008). Perception of Business Bribery in China: The Impact of Moral Philosophy. Journal of Business Ethics, 80(3), 437–445. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9429-x Tieguhong, J. C., Ingram, V., Mala, W. A., Ndoye, O., & Grouwels, S. (2015). How governance impacts non-timber forest product value chains in Cameroon. Forest Policy & Economics, 61(Journal Article), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2015.08.003 Tignor, R. L. (1993). Political Corruption in Nigeria Before Independence. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 31(2), 175–202. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X00011897 Tillipman, J. (2012). House of Cards Falls: Why Too Big to Debar Is All Slogan and Little Substance, A. Fordham Law Review Res Gestae, 80, 49–58. Timamy, M. H. K. (2005). African Leaders and Corruption. Review of African Political Economy, 32(104–105), 383–393. https://doi.org/10.1080/03056240500329270 Timmons, J. F., & Garfias, F. (2015). Revealed Corruption, Taxation, and Fiscal Accountability: Evidence from Brazil. World Development, 70(Journal Article), 13–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.12.011 Ting, M. M. (2008). Whistleblowing. American Political Science Review, 102(2), 249–267. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055408080192 Tirole, J. (1986). Hierarchies and Bureaucracies: On the Role of Collusion in Organizations. 361

Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization, 2(2), 181–214. Tirole, J. (1996). A Theory of Collective Reputations (with Applications to the Persistence of Corruption and to Firm Quality). The Review of Economic Studies, 63(1), 1–22. Tiwari, A. K. (2012). Corruption, democracy and bureaucracy. Theoretical and Applied Economics, 9(574)(9(574)), 17–28. To, P. X., Mahanty, S., & Dressler, W. (2014). Social Networks of Corruption in the Vietnamese and Lao Cross-Border Timber Trade. Anthropological Forum, Journal Article, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/00664677.2014.893505 Toatu, T. (2004). Corruption, public investment and economic growth: Evidence from Pacific Island countries [Working Paper]. University of South Pacific. Toma, R. (2015). Twenty-Five Years After the Fall of Communism: The Cultural Peculiarities of Fighting Corruption and Building Civil Society in Romania.(Report). 9(11), 951. Tomaszewksa, E., & Shah, A. (2000). Phantom Hospitals, Ghost Schools and Roads to Nowhere: The Impact of Corruption on Public Service Delivery Performance in Developing Countries [Working paper]. World Bank. Tomini Sonila & Maarse Hans. (2011). How do patient characteristics influence informal payments for inpatient and outpatient health care in Albania: Results of logit and OLS models using Albanian LSMS 2005. BMC Public Health, 11(1), 375. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-375 Tomsa, D. (2015). Local politics and corruption in Indonesia’s outer islands. Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia and Oceania, 171(2–3), 196. Tonoyan, Vartuhi. (2003). Corruption and Entrepreneurship: Does Trust Matter? Tonoyan, Vartuhi. (2005). The dark side of trust: Corruption and entrepreneurship: A cross-national comparison between emerging and mature market economies. In H.-H. Hohmann & F. Welter (Eds.), Trust and Entrepreneurship: A West-East-Perspective (pp. 39–58). Edward Elgar. Tonoyan, Vartuhi, Perlitz, M., & Wittmann, W. W. (2004). Corruption and Entrepreneurship: Unwritten Codes of Conduct, Trust and Social Values, East-West Comparison. In Frontiers of entrepreneurship research: Proceedings of the ... Annual Entrepreneurship Research Conference. (pp. 534–548). http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.ejournals:sfx991042741315990 Tonoyan, Vartuhí, Strohmeyer, R., Habib, M., & Perlitz, M. (2010). Corruption and Entrepreneurship: How Formal and Informal Institutions Shape Small Firm Behavior in Transition and Mature Market Economies. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 34(5), 362

803–831. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00394.x Torenvlied, R., & Klein Haarhuis, C. M. (2008). Polarization and Policy Reform: Anti-Corruption Policymaking in Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Peace Research, 45(2). Torgler, B. (2004). Tax Morale, Trust and Corruption: Empirical Evidence from Transition Countries [IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc]. Torgler, B., & Piatti, M. (2013). Extraordinary Wealth, Globalization, and Corruption. Review of Income and Wealth, 59(2), 341–359. https://doi.org/10.1111/roiw.12027 Torgler, B., & Valev, N. (2006). Corruption and Age. Journal of Bioeconomics, 8(2), 133–145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10818-006-9003-0 Torgler, B., & Valev, N. T. (2010). Gender and Public Attitudes Toward Corruption and Tax Evasion. Contemporary Economic Policy, 28(4), 554–568. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7287.2009.00188.x Tornell, A., & Lane, P. (1999). The voracity effect. The American Economic Review, 89(1), 22–46. Tornell, A., & Lane, P. R. (1998). Are windfalls a curse?: A non-representative agent model of the current account. Journal of International Economics, 44(1), 83–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1996(97)00016-0 Torres-Fowler, R. Z. (2012). Undermining ICSID: How the Global Antibribery Regime Impairs Investor-State Arbitration. 52, 995–995. Torres-Fowler, R. Z., & Anderson, K. (2011). The Bribery Act’s New Approach to Corporate Hospitality. Virginia Journal of International Law Digest, 52, 39–53. Torrez, J. (2002). The effect of openness on corruption. The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 11(4), 387–403. https://doi.org/10.1080/0963819022000014267 Torsello, D. (2010). Corruption and the Economic Crisis: Empirical Indications from Eastern Europe. International Issues & Slovak Foreign Policy Affairs, 02, 65–75. Torsello, D. (2011a). The Ethnography of Corruption: Research Themes in Political Anthropology (No. 2; QoG Working Paper Series). Quality of Government Institute, University of Gothenburg. Torsello, D. (2011b). Environmental Activism, Corruption and Local Responses to the EU Enlargement: Case Studies from Eastern and Western Europe. Urbanities, 1(1), 54–59. Torsello, D. (2015). The Ethnographic Study of Corruption: Methodology and Research Focuses. In P. M. Heywood (Ed.), Routledge handbook of political corruption (pp. 183–196). Routledge. 363

Torsello, D., & Venard, B. (2016). The Anthropology of Corruption. Journal of Management Inquiry, 25(1), 34–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/1056492615579081 Torvik, R. (2002). Natural resources, rent seeking and welfare. Journal of Development Economics, 67(2), 455–470. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3878(01)00195-X Tosun, M. U., Yurdakul, M. O., & Varol Iyidogan, P. (2014). The Relationship between Corruption and Foreign Direct Investment Inflows in Turkey: An Empirical Examination. Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, 42, 247–257. Townsend, J. G., & Townsend, A. R. (2004). Accountability, motivation and practice: NGOs North and South. Social & Cultural Geography, 5(2), 271–284. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649360410001690259 Toye, J. & Mick Moore. (1998). Taxation, Corruption and Reform. The European Journal of Development Research, 10(1), 60. https://doi.org/10.1080/09578819808426702 Tran, A. (2011). Which Regulations Reduce Corruption? Evidence from the Internal Records of a Bribe-Paying Firm [Working paper]. Tran, N. A. (2010). Corruption, Political Systems and Human Development. In A. K. Rajivan & R. Gampat (Eds.), Perspectives on corruption and human development (pp. 268–320). Macmillan ; Published for United Nations Development Programme. Transparency International PNG. (2015). Public Opinion Survey in Five Provinces on Levels and Consequences of Corruption in Papua New Guinea and State and Society Response. http://www.transparencypng.org.pg/_images/news/120516-TIPNG_Public_Opinion_Surv ey_on_Levels_Consequences_of_Corruption__State__Society_Response.pdf Trapnell, S. E. (2015). User’s Guide—Measuring Corruption and Anticorruption. United Nations Development Programme. http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/democratic-governance/anti-corr uption/user-s-guide---measuring-corruption-and-anticorruption.html Trautman, L. J., & Altenbaumer-Price, K. (2011). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: Minefield or Directors. Virginia Law & Business Review, 6, 145–509. Travaglino, G. A., Abrams, D., Randsley, de M., & Yetkili, O. (2016). Fewer but better: Proportionate size of the group affects evaluation of transgressive leaders. The British Journal of Social Psychology, 55(2), 318–336. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12125 Treisman, D. (2000). The causes of corruption: A cross-national study. Journal of Public Economics, 76(3), 399–457. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(99)00092-4 Treisman, D. (2006). Fiscal Decentralizatin, Governance, and Economic Performance: A Reconsideration. Economics & Politics, 18(2), 219–235. 364

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0343.2006.00169.x Treisman, D. (2007). What Have We Learned about the Causes of Corruption from Ten Years of Cross-National Empirical Research? Annual Review of Political Science, 10, 211–244. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.10.081205.095418 Treisman, D. (2015). What Does Cross-National Empirical Research Reveal About the Causes of Corruption? In P. Heywood (Ed.), Routledge Handbook of Political Corruption (pp. 95–109). Routledge. Treviño, L. K. (2003). Managing ethics in business organizations: Social scientific perspectives. Stanford Business Books. Treviño, L. K., & Weaver, G. R. (2001). Organizational Justice and Ethics Program “Follow-Through”: Influences on Employees’ Harmful and Helpful Behavior. Business Ethics Quarterly, 11(4), 651–671. https://doi.org/10.2307/3857765 Trevino, L. K., & Youngblood, S. A. (1990). Bad Apples in Bad Barrels: A Causal Analysis of Ethical Decision-Making Behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75(4), 378–385. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.75.4.378 Treviño, L., Weaver, G., Gibson, D., & Toffler, B. (1999). Managing Ethics and Legal Compliance: What Works And What Hurts. California Management Review, 41(2), 131. Trevino, L., Weaver, G., & Reynolds, S. J. (2006). Behavioral ethics in organizations: A review. Journal Of Management, 32(6), 951–990. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206306294258 Triandis, H. C., Carnevale, P., Gelfand, M., Robert, C., Wasti, S. A., Probst, T., Kashima, E. S., Dragonas, T., Chan, D., Chen, X. P., Kim, U., De Dreu, C. K. W., Van de Vliert, E., Iwao, S., Ohbuchi, K. I., & Scmitz, P. (2001). Culture and deception in business negotiations. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 1, 73–90. Trivunovic, M. (2011). Countering NGO corruption: Rethinking the conventional approaches (No. 3; U4 Issue). CMI. http://www.u4.no/publications/countering-ngo-corruption-rethinking-the-conventional-ap proaches/ Trivunovic, M., Johnson, J., & Mathisen, H. (2011). Developing an NGO corruption risk management system: Considerations for donors (No. 9; U4 Issue). CMI. http://www.u4.no/publications/developing-an-ngo-corruption-risk-management-system-c onsiderations-for-donors/ Trivunovic, M., Johnson, J., & Taxell, N. (2013). The role of civil society in the UNCAC review process: Moving beyond compliance? (No. 4; U4 Issue). CMI. http://www.u4.no/publications/the-role-of-civil-society-in-the-uncac-review-process-mov

365

ing-beyond-compliance/ Tromme, M. (2016). What next for anti- corruption research in Vietnam? Crime, Law and Social Change, 65(4–5), 445–458. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-016-9607-9 Tromme, M., & Otaola, M. A. L. (2014). Enrique Peña Nieto’s National Anti-Corruption Commission and the Challenges of Waging War against Corruption in Mexico. Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos, 30(2), 557–588. Trongmateerut, P., & Sweeney, J. (2013). The Influence of Subjective Norms on Whistle-Blowing: A Cross-Cultural Investigation. Journal of Business Ethics, 112(3), 437–451. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1270-1 Tronnes, R. (2000). Ensuring uniformity in the implementation of the 1997 OECD convention on combating bribery of foreign public officials in international business transactions. The George Washington Journal of International Law and Economics, 33(1), 97–130. Trost, C., & Gash, A. L. (2008). Conflict of Interest and Public Life: Cross-National Perspectives. Truex, R. (2011). Corruption, Attitudes, and Education: Survey Evidence from Nepal. World Development, 39(7), 1133–1142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2010.11.003 Truex, R., & Søreide, T. (2011). Why Multi-Stakeholder Groups Succeed and Fail. In International Handbook on the Economics of Corruption, Vol. II. Edward Elgar Publishing. Trzcinski, L. (Ed.). (2013). The Impact of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act on Emerging Markets: Company Decision-Making in a Regulated World. New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, 45(4), 1201–1285. Tsalikis, J., & Nwachukwu, O. (1991). A comparison of Nigerian to American views of bribery and extortion in international commerce. Journal of Business Ethics, 10(2), 85–98. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00383612 Tsanana, E., Chapsa, X., & Katrakilidis, C. (2016). Is growth corrupted or bureaucratic? Panel evidence from the enlarged EU. Applied Economics, Journal Article, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2015.1136395 Tsebelis, G., & Nardi, D. (2016). A Long Constitution is a (Positively) Bad Constitution: Evidence from OECD Countries. British Journal of Political Science, 46(2), 457–478. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123414000441 Tudoroiu, T. (2014). Democracy and state capture in Moldova. Democratization, Journal Article, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2013.868438

366

Tullock, G. (1996). Corruption Theory and Practice. Contemporary Economic Policy, 14(3), 6–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7287.1996.tb00619.x Tummala, Krishnak. (2002). Corruption in India: Control measures and consequences. Asian Journal of Political Science, 10(2), 43–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/02185370208434210 Turk, M. (2013). A Political Economy Approach to Reforming the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business, 33(2), 325–391. Turner, S. (2007). Corruption Narratives and the Power of Concealment: The Case of Burundi’s Civil War. In M. Nuijten & G. Anders (Eds.), Corruption and the secret of law: A legal anthropological perspective (pp. 125–142). Ashgate. Turner, W. (2009). The False Claims Act: How vigilantes find justice fighting government fraud and corruption. The University of the District of Columbia Law Review, 12(1), 115. Tusalem, R. F. (2015). State Regulation of Religion and the Quality of Governance. Politics & Policy, 43(1), 94–141. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12108 Tverdova, Y. V. (2011). See No Evil: Heterogeneity in Public Perceptions of Corruption. Canadian Journal of Political Science, 44(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008423910001101 Tyburski, M. D. (2014). Curse or Cure? Migrant Remittances and Corruption. Journal of Politics, 76(3), 814–00824. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022381614000279 Tyler, A. (2011). Enforcing enforcement: Is the OECD anti-bribery convention’s peer review effective? The George Washington International Law Review, 43(1), 137–173. Tyler, T. R., & Blader, S. L. (2005). Can Businesses Effectively Regulate Employee Conduct? The Antecedents of Rule following in Work Settings. The Academy of Management Journal, 48(6), 1143–1158. https://doi.org/10.2307/20159734 Uberti, L. (2016). Can Institutional Reforms Reduce Corruption? Economic Theory and Patron-Client Politics in Developing Countries. Development and Change, 47(2), 317. Uberti, L. J. (2016). The ’sociological turn in corruption studies: Why fighting graft in the developing world is often unnecessary, and sometimes counterproductive. Progress in Development Studies, 16(3), 261–277. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464993416641587 Uberti, Luca J. (2014). Is Separation of Powers a Remedy for the Resource Curse? Firm Licensing, Corruption and Mining Development in Post-War Kosovo. New Political Economy, 19(5), 695–722. https://doi.org/10.1080/13563467.2013.849671 Uberti, Luca J. (2018). Corruption in transition economies: Socialist, Ottoman or structural? Economic Systems. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecosys.2018.05.001

367

Uche, R. D. (2014). Students’ Perception of Corrupt Practices among Nigerian Universities Lecturers. American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(1), 66–69. Uchendu, F. N., & Abolarin, T. O. (2015). Corrupt practices negatively influenced food security and live expectancy in developing countries. The Pan African Medical Journal, 20(Journal Article), 110. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2015.20.110.5311 Udin, M. B. (2014). Human Trafficking in South Asia: Issues of Corruption and Human Security. International Journal of Social Work & Human Services, 2(1), 18–27. Udombana, N. J. (2003). Fighting Corruption Seriously? Africa’s Anti-Corruption Convention. Singapore Journal of International and Comparative Law, 7, 447-. Ufere, N., Perelli, S., Boland, R., & Carlsson, B. (2012). Merchants of Corruption: How Entrepreneurs Manufacture and Supply Bribes. World Development, 40(12), 2440–2453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.05.025 Ugo, S. J. C. (2019). The Fall of the Alberto Fujimori Government: New Evidence and Interpretations. Latin American Perspectives, 46(5), 13–24. https://doi.org/10.1177/0094582X19857170 Ugol’nitskii, G., & Usov, A. (2014). Dynamic models of struggle against corruption in hierarchical management systems of exploitation of biological resources. Journal of Computer and Systems Sciences International, 53(6), 939–947. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1064230714060112 Ugur, M. (2014). Corruption’s Direct Effects on Per-Capita Income Growth: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Economic Surveys, 28(3), 472–490. https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12035 Ugur, M., & Dasgupta, N. (2011). Evidence on the Economic Growth Impacts of Corruption in Low-Income Countries and Beyond: A Systematic Review (Systematic Review No. 1914). University of London, EPPI-Centre. Uhlenbruck, K., Rodriguez, P., Doh, J., & Eden, L. (2006). The Impact of Corruption on Entry Strategy: Evidence from Telecommunication Projects in Emerging Economies. Organization Science, 17(3), 402–414. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1060.0186 Ujhelyi, G. (2014). Civil Service Rules and Policy Choices: Evidence from US State Governments. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 6(2), 338–380. https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.6.2.338 Ukase, P., & Audu, B. (2015). The role of civil society in the fight against corruption in Nigeria’s fourth republic: Problems, prospects and the way forward.(Report). 11(2), 171. Ul Haque, N., & Sahay, R. (1996). Corruption and the Rate of Temptation: Do Government Wage Cuts Close Budget Deficits? Costs of Corruption. Staff Papers - International 368

Monetary Fund, 43(4), 754. https://doi.org/10.2307/3867368 Ullah, B. (n.d.). The Differential Effect of Corruption on Growth: Does Firm Origin Matter? Emerging Markets Finance & Trade, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2020.1785861 Ullah, I., & Khan, M. A. (2017). Institutional quality and foreign direct investment inflows: Evidence from Asian countries. Journal of Economic Studies, 44(6), 1030–1050. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-10-2016-0215 Ulman, S.-R. (2013). Corruption and National Competitiveness in Different Stages of Country Development. Procedia Economics and Finance, 6, 150–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(13)00127-5 Umek, L. (2014). An Application of Subgroup Discovery Algorithm on the Case of Decentralization and Quality of Governance in EU. Mednarodna Revija Za Javno Upravo, 12(4), 75–92. Underkuffler, L. S. (2009). Defining Corruption: - Implications for Action. In R. I. Rotberg (Ed.), Corruption, Global Security and World Order (pp. 27–46). Brookings Institution Press. Underkuffler, L. S. (2013). Captured by evil: The idea of corruption in law. New Haven. UNDP Bratslava Regional Centre. (2011). Study on the Role of Social Media for Enhancing Public Transparency and Accountability in Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States: Emerging Models, Opportunities and Challenges. UNDP Bratislava Regional Centre. Ungpakorn, J. G. (2002). From tragedy to comedy: Political reform in Thailand. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 32(2), 191–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472330280000121 United Nations Development Program. (2014). Anti-corruption Strategies: Understanding what works, what doesn’t and why? United Nations Development Programme. http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/democratic-governance/anti-corr uption/Report.html United Nations Development Programme. (2005). Institutional Arrangements to Combat Corruption—A Comparative Study [A Comparative Study]. United Nations Development Programme. http://www.asia-pacific.undp.org/content/rbap/en/home/library/democratic_governance/i nstitutional-arrangements-to-combat-corruption.html United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. (2016). Measuring Corruption in Africa: The International Dimension Matters. United Nations Economic Commission for Africa.

369

Unzicker, A. D. B. (2000). From corruption to cooperation: Globalization brings a multilateral agreement against foreign bribery. Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, 7(2), 655–686. Uribe, C. (2014). The Dark Side of Social Capital Re-examined from a Policy Analysis Perspective: Networks of Trust and Corruption. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 16(2), 175–189. https://doi.org/10.1080/13876988.2012.741441 Urofsky, P. (2009). Recent Trends and Patterns in FCPA Enforcement. In White collar crime 2009 prosecutors and regulators speak (pp. 651-). http://hollis.harvard.edu/primo_library/libweb/action/dlDisplay.do?vid=HVD&afterPDS =true&docId=HVD_ALEPH014164955 Urofsky, P., & Moon, H. W. (2012). How Should We Measure the Effectiveness of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: Don’t Break What Isn’t Broken-The Fallacies of Reform. Ohio St. LJ, 73, 1145. Urra, F.-J. (2007). Assessing Corruption An analytical review of Corruption measurement and its problems: Perception, Error and Utility. http://www.u4.no/recommended-reading/assessing-corruption-an-analytical-review-of-co rruption-measurement-and-its-problems-perception-error-and-utility/ Useche Arévalo, A. J., & Reyes, G. E. (2020). Corruption, competitiveness and economic growth: Evidence from Latin American and Caribbean countries 2004-2017. GCG: Revista de Globalización, Competitividad y Gobernabilidad, 14(1), 95–115. https://doi.org/10.3232/GCG.2020.V14.N1.05 Uslaner, E. M. (2005). Trust and Corruption. In J. Lambsdorff, M. Taube, & M. Schramm (Eds.), The new institutional economics of corruption (pp. 76–92). Routledge. Uslaner, E. M. (2007). Inequality and Corruption. In A. Sen, G. Mavrotas, A. F. Shorrocks, & World Institute for Development Economics Research (Eds.), Advancing development: Core themes in global economics. Palgrave Macmillan in association with the United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research. Uslaner, E. M. (2008). Corruption, Inequality, and the Rule of Law: The Bulging Pocket Makes the Easy Life. Uslaner, E. M. (2009). Corruption, Inequality, and Trust. In G. T. Svendsen & G. L. H. Svendsen (Eds.), Handbook on Social Capital. Edward Elgar. Uslaner, E. M. (2010). Tax Evasion, Corruption, and the Social Contract in Transition. In J. Alm, J. Martinez-Vazquez, & B. Torgler (Eds.), Developing Alternative Frameworks for Explaining Tax Compliance (pp. 206–225). Routledge.

370

Uslaner, E. M. (2011). Corruption and Inequality. DICE Report, 9(2), 20–24. Uslaner, E. M. (2015a). Counting the Cost of Corruption. In P. Heywood (Ed.), Routledge handbook of political corruption (pp. 199–211). Routledge. Uslaner, E. M. (2015b). The Consequences of Corruption. In P. Heywood (Ed.), Routledge handbook of political corruption (pp. 199–211). Routledge. Uslaner, E. M., & Badescu, G. (2004). Honesty, Trust, and Legal Norms in the Transition to Democracy: Why Bo Rothstein Is Better Able To Explain Sweden than Romania. In J. Kornai, B. Rothstein, S. Rose-Ackerman, & Collegium Budapest (Eds.), Creating social trust in post-socialist transition (1st ed., pp. 31–53). Palgrave Macmillan. Uslaner, E. M., & Rothstein, B. (2016). The Historical Roots of Corruption: State Building, Economic Inequality, and Mass Education. Comparative Politics, 48(2), 1. Uzelac, O., Davidovic, M., & Mijatovic, M. D. (2020). Legal framework, political environment and economic freedom in central and Eastern Europe: Do they matter for economic growth? Post-Communist Economies, 32(6), 697–725. https://doi.org/10.1080/14631377.2020.1722583 Vachudova, M. (2009). Corruption and Compliance in the EU’s Post-Communist Members and Candidates. Jcms-Journal Of Common Market Studies, 47, 43–62. Vadlamannati, K. C. (2015). Fighting corruption or elections? The politics of anti- corruption policies in India: A subnational study. Journal of Comparative Economics, Journal Article. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2015.01.002 Vadlamannati, K. C., & Cooray, A. (2017). Transparency Pays? Evaluating the Effects of the Freedom of Information Laws on Perceived Government Corruption. The Journal of Development Studies, 53(1), 116–137. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2016.1178385 Vagliasindi, M. (2011). Public versus private governance and performance: Evidence from public utility service provision. In International Handbook on the Economics of Corruption: Vol. II. Edward Elgar Publishing. Vaidya, S. (2005). Corruption in the media’s gaze. European Journal of Political Economy, 21(3), 667–687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2005.03.001 Vaidya, S., & Gupta, R. (2016). Corruption Via Media Capture: The Effect of Competition: Effect of Media Competition on Corruption. Southern Economic Journal, 82(4), 1327–1348. https://doi.org/10.1002/soej.12105 van Aaken, A., Feld, L. P., & Voigt, S. (2010). Do Independent Prosecutors Deter Political Corruption? An Empirical Evaluation across Seventy-eight Countries. American Law and Economics Review, 12(1), 204–244. https://doi.org/10.1093/aler/ahq002 371

Van Aaken, A., Salzberger, E., & Voigt, S. (2004). The Prosecution of Public Figures and the Separation of Powers. Confusion within the Executive Branch – A Conceptual Framework. Constitutional Political Economy, 15(3), 261–280. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:COPE.0000040432.45537.3f Van Alstine, M. P. (2012). Treaty Double Jeopardy: The OECD Anti-Bribery Convention and the FCPA. Ohio St. LJ, 73, 1321. van Biezen, I., & Kopecky, P. (2007). The State and the Parties: Public Funding, Public Regulation and Rent-Seeking in Contemporary Democracies. Party Politics, 13(2), 235–254. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068807073875 Van de Walle, S. (2008). Perceptions of corruption as distrust? Cause and effect in attitudes towards government. In L. W. J. C. Huberts, J. Maesschalck, & C. L. Jurkiewicz (Eds.), Ethics and Integrity and the Politics of Governance (pp. 215–236). Edward Elgar. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1307673 Van Den Berg, P., & Noorderhaven, N. (2016). A Users’ Perspective on Corruption: SMEs in the Hospitality Sector in Kenya. African Studies, 75(1), 114–132. https://doi.org/10.1080/00020184.2015.1129138 Van Den Heuvel, G. (2005). The Parliamentary Enquiry on Fraud in the Dutch Construction Industry Collusion as Concept Between Corruption and State-Corporate Crime. Crime, Law and Social Change, 44(2), 133–151. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-006-9009-5 van der Does de Willebois, E., & Brun, J.-P. (2013). Using Civil Remedies in Corruption and Asset Recovery Cases. Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, 45(3), 615–650. van der Does de Willebois, E. van der D., Sharman, J. C., Halter, E., Harrison, R., & Park, J. W. (2011). The puppet masters: How the corrupt use legal structures to hide stolen assets and what to do about it. World Bank Publications. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=WdTJ6LPhBxYC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1956 &dq=The+Puppet+Masters:+How+the+Corrupt+Use+Legal+Structures+to+Hide+their+ Stolen+Assets+and+What+to+Do+About+i&ots=rgwP1w13zY&sig=9stGV6RydzcaUD KmEhsLjGf0DRk van der Meer, T., & Hakhverdian, A. (2017). Political Trust as the Evaluation of Process and Performance: A Cross-National Study of 42 European Countries. Political Studies, 65(1), 81–102. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321715607514 van der Vleuten, A., & Verloo, M. (2012). Ranking and benchmarking: The political logic of new regulatory instruments in the fields of gender equality and anti-corruption. Policy & Politics, 40(1), 71–86. https://doi.org/10.1332/030557310X550097

372

van der Wal, Z., Graycar, A., & Kelly, K. (2015). See No Evil, Hear No Evil? Assessing Corruption Risk Perceptions and Strategies of Victorian Public Bodies. Australian Journal of Public Administration. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1467-8500.12163/pdf Van Duyne, P. C. (2001). Will Caligula Go Transparent? Corruption in Acts and Attitudes. Forum on Crime and Society, 1(2), 73–95. van Ham, C., & Lindberg, S. I. (2015). From Sticks to Carrots: Electoral Manipulation in Africa, 1986–2012. Government & Opposition, 50(3), 521–548. https://doi.org/10.1017/gov.2015.6 van Klinken, G. A., van Klinken, G., & Aspinall, E. (2011). Building Relations: Corruption, Competition and Cooperation in the Construction Industry. The State and Illegality in Indonesia, 139–163. Van Rijckeghem, C., & Weder, B. (2001). Bureaucratic corruption and the rate of temptation: Do wages in the civil service affect corruption, and by how much? Journal of Development Economics, 65(2), 307–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3878(01)00139-0 van Rooij, B. (2005). China’s war on graft: Politico-legal campaigns against corruption in China and their similarities to the legal reaction to crisis in the U.S. Pacific Rim Law & Policy Journal, 14(2), 289–336. van Vuuren, H. (2014). South Africa: Democracy, Corruption and Conflict Management. By Hennie van Vuuren. http://docplayer.net/3023965-Voices-from-the-south-democracy-works-conference-paper -2014-south-africa-democracy-corruption-and-conflict-management-by-hennie-van-vuure n.html Vande Walle, G., & Dormaels, A. (2010). Understanding the aetiology of corruption: The first step to a tailor-made anti-corruption for Belgian customs office. In Cross-border crime inroads on integrity in Europe (pp. 67–88). http://archive.ugent.be/record/1163687 Vandemortel, E., & Cornelisse, P. (1994). The Dynamics of Corruption and Black Markets—An Application of Catastrophe Theory. Public Finance-Finances Publiques, 49, 195–208. Vanucci, A. (2009). The Controversial Legacy of ‘Mani Pulite’: A Critical Analysis of Italian Corruption and Anti-Corruption Policies. Bulletin of Italian Politics, 1(2), 233–264. Varese, F. (2015). Underground Banking and Corruption. In Susan Rose-Ackerman & P. Lagunes (Eds.), Greed, Corruption, and the Modern State (pp. 336–358). Edward Elgar Publishing. Vargas-Hernández, J. (2011). The Multiple Faces of Corruption: Typology, Forms and Levels.

373

Contemporary Legal and Economic Issues, 3, 269–290. Varoufakis, Y. (2006). The bonds that impede: A model of the joint evolution of corruption and apathy. The Indian Economic Journal, 54(3), 84–103. Varraich, A. (2014). Corruption: An umbrella concept. QoG Working Paper Series, 2014(05), 05. Varvarigos, D., & Arsenis, P. (2015). Corruption, fertility, and human capital. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 109(Journal Article), 145–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2014.11.006 Vaughn, R. G. (1989). Ethics in Government and the Vision of Public Service. George Washington Law Review, 58, 417. Vega, MA. (2009). The Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the Culture of Bribery: Expanding the Scope of Private Whistleblower Suits to Overseas Employees. Harvard Journal On Legislation, 46(2), 425–501. Vega, Matt. (2010). Balancing Judicial Cognizance and Caution: Whether Transnational Corporations Are Liable for Foreign Bribery Under the Alien Tort Statute. Michigan Journal of International Law, 31(2), 385–447. Venard, B. (2009a). Corruption in Emerging Countries: A Matter of Isomorphism. M@n@gement, 12(1), 2–27. Venard, B. (2009b). Organizational Isomorphism and Corruption: An Empirical Research in Russia. Journal of Business Ethics, 89(1), 59–76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9984-9 Venard, B. (2013). Institutions, Corruption and Sustainable Development. Economics Bulletin. Venard, B., & Hanafi, M. (2008). Organizational Isomorphism and Corruption in Financial Institutions: Empirical Research in Emerging Countries. Journal of Business Ethics, 81(2), 481–498. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9519-9 Ventelou, B. (2002). Corruption in a Model of Growth: Political Reputation, Competition and Shocks. Public Choice, 110(1), 23–40. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013034225646 Vera, S. B. (2019). Accepting or Resisting? Citizen Responses to Corruption Across Varying Levels of Competence and Corruption Prevalence. Political Studies, 68(3), 003232171986821–670. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321719868210 Verardi, V. (2004). Electoral systems and corruption. Revista Latinoamericana de Desarrollo Económico, 117–150. Verbrugge, R. J. (2006). Nonergodic Corruption Dynamics (or, Why Do Some Regions within a 374

Country Become More Corrupt than Others? Journal of Public Economic Theory, 8(2), 219–245. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9779.2006.00261.x Verdenicci, S., & Hough, D. (2015). People power and anti-corruption; demystifying citizen-centred approaches. Crime, Law and Social Change, 64(1), 23–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-015-9585-3 Verma, A. (1999). Cultural roots of police corruption in India. Policing (Bradford), 22(3), 264. Verma, P., & Sengupta, S. (2015). Bribe and Punishment: An Evolutionary Game-Theoretic Analysis of Bribery. PLoS ONE, 10(7). Véron, R., Williams, G., Corbridge, S., & Srivastava, M. (2006). Decentralized Corruption or Corrupt Decentralization? Community Monitoring of Poverty-Alleviation Schemes in Eastern India. World Development, 34(11), 1922–1941. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2005.11.024 Verver, J. (2015). Lessons from the FIFA Corruption Scandal. Risk Management, 62(7), 16–17. Verwee, I., & Walle, G. V. (2008). Perceptions of Corruption in Belgium: A Diversity of Stories about the Crime Phenomenon. Perspectives on European Politics and Society, 9(1), 73–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/15705850701825493 Vian, T. (2008). Review of corruption in the health sector: Theory, methods and interventions. Health Policy and Planning, 23(2), 83–94. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czm048 Vian, T. (2010). Anticorruption in the Health Sector: Strategies for Transparency and Accountability. Kumarian Press. Vian, T., & Burak, L. J. (2006). Beliefs about informal payments in Albania. Health Policy and Planning, 21(5), 392–401. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czl022 Vicente, P. C. (2007). Corrupted Scholarships [Working paper]. Vicente, P. C. (2011). Oil, corruption, and vote-buying: A review of the case of São Tomé and Príncipe. In International Handbook on the Economics of Corruption, Vol. II. Edward Elgar Publishing. Vicente, P. C. (2014). Is Vote Buying Effective? Evidence from a Field Experiment in West Africa. Economic Journal, 124(574), F356–F387. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12086 Vicente, P. C., & Wantchekon, L. (2009). Clientelism and vote buying: Lessons from field experiments in African elections. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 25(2), 292–305. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/grp018 Vigneswaran, D. V. (2011). Incident reporting: A technique for studying police corruption. Policing and Society, 21(2), 190–213. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2010.540658 375

Vijayalakshmi, V. (2008). Rent-Seeking and Gender in Local Governance. Journal of Development Studies, 44(9), 1262–1288. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380802265611 Villarreal, A. (2002). Political Competition and Violence in Mexico: Hierarchical Social Control in Local Patronage Structures. American Sociological Review, 67(4), 477–498. Villarreal-Diaz, M. (2018). Corruption, Character, and Institutions. Social Philosophy and Policy, 35(2), 264–287. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0265052519000050 Villoria, M., Van Ryzin, G. G., & Lavena, C. F. (2013). Social and Political Consequences of Administrative Corruption: A Study of Public Perceptions in Spain. Public Administration Review, 73(1), 85–94. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2012.02613.x Vincke, F. (1997). How Effective Is the Business Community in Combating Corruption? Proceedings of the Annual Meeting (American Society of International Law), 91, 99–105. Vincke, F. (2013). Recent Anti-Corruption Initiatives and Their Impact on Arbitration. ICC Inernational Court of Arbitratoin Bulletin, 24, 5-. Vinod, H.D. (1999). Statistical analysis of corruption data and using the Internet to reduce corruption. Journal of Asian Economics, 10(4), 591–603. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1049-0078(00)00034-8 Vinod, Hrishikesh D. (2003). Open economy and financial burden of corruption: Theory and application to Asia. Journal of Asian Economics, 13(6), 873–890. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1049-0078(02)00188-4 Vinogradov, A. (2014). Government, Business, and Corruption in China. Far Eastern Affairs, 42(1), 98–107. Vitell, S., Nwachukwu, S., & Barnes, J. (1993). The effects of culture on ethical decision-making: An application of Hofstede’s typology. Journal of Business Ethics, 12(10), 753–760. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00881307 Vithiatharan, V., & Gomez, E. T. (2014). Politics, Economic Crises and Corporate Governance Reforms: Regulatory Capture in Malaysia. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 44(4), 599. Vivyan, N., Wagner, M., & Tarlov, J. (2012). Representative misconduct, voter perceptions and accountability: Evidence from the 2009 House of Commons expenses scandal. Electoral Studies, 31(4), 750–763. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2012.06.010 Vlasic, M., & Noell, J. (2010). Fighting Corruption To Improve Global Security: An Analysis Of International Asset Recovery Systems. Yale Journal of International Affairs, 5(2), 106–120. Vlasic, M. V., & Atlee, P. (2014). Myanmar and the Dodd-Frank whistleblower “bounty”: The

376

U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and curbing grand corruption through innovative action.(Bribes Without Borders: The Challenge of Fighting Corruption in the Global Context). American University International Law Review, 29(2), 441–464. Vlasic, M. V., & Cooper, G. (2011a). Beyond the Duvalier legacy: What new “Arab Spring” governments can learn from Haiti and the benefits of stolen asset recovery.(Front Lines: Rule of Law in Haiti and Beyond). Northwestern University Journal of International Human Rights, 10(1 2), 19–26. Vlasic, M. V., & Cooper, G. (2011b). Repatriating Justice: New Trends in Stolen Asset Recovery and Fighting Corruption. Georgetown Journal of International Affairs, 12(2), 98–105. Vogl, F. (1998). The Supply Side of Global Bribery. Finance and Development, 35(2), 30. Vohs, K. D., & Schooler, J. W. (2008). The Value of Believing in Free Will: Encouraging a Belief in Determinism Increases Cheating. Psychological Science, 19(1), 49–54. Voigt, L., & Thornton, W. (2015). Disaster-Related Human Rights Violations and Corruption: A 10-Year Review of Post-Hurricane Katrina New Orleans. The American Behavioral Scientist, 59(10), 1292. Voigt, S., & Blume, L. (2012). The economic effects of federalism and decentralization—A cross-country assessment. Public Choice, 151(1), 229–254. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-010-9745-z Voigt, S., & Gutmann, J. (2015). On the wrong side of the law – Causes and consequences of a corrupt judiciary. International Review of Law & Economics, 43, 156–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irle.2014.04.005 Voliotis, S. (2017). Establishing the Normative Standards that Determine Deviance in Organizational Corruption: Is Corruption Within Organizations Antisocial or Unethical? Journal Of Business Ethics, 140(1), 147–160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2652-y Voloshenko, A. (2015). Corruption: Historical Roots and Contemporary Manifestations. Aktual’ni Problemy Ekonomiky = Actual Problems in Economics, 165, 8–16. Volrasarn, T., & Harnpornchai, N. (2014). The Estimation of Bounded Rational Corruption Model. International Journal of Intelligent Technologies & Applied Statistics, 7(2), 147–158. https://doi.org/10.6148/IJITAS.2014.0702.06 Von Alemann, U. (2004). The unknown depths of political theory: The case for a multidimensional concept of corruption. Crime, Law and Social Change, 42(1), 25–34. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CRIS.0000041035.21045.1d Von Luebke, C. (2010). The Politics of Reform: Political Scandals, Elite Resistance, and 377

Presidential Leadership in Indonesia. Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 29(1), 79–94. Von Maravic, P. (2007a). Decentralized Corruption in Germany. Public Administration Quarterly, 30(4), 440–482. Von Maravic, P. (2007b). Public Management Reform and Corruption—Conceptualizing the Unintended Consequences. Administratie Si Management Public, 8, 126–143. von Mühlenbrock, G. (1996). Discretion and corruption: The Chilean judiciary. Crime, Law and Social Change, 25(4), 335–351. Von Soest, C. (2013). Persistent systemic corruption: Why democratisation and economic liberalisation have failed to undo an old evil. Zeitschrift Für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft, 7(1), 57–87. Vorster, J. M. (2015). The possible contribution of civil society in the moral edification of South African society: The example of the “United Democratic Front” and the “Treatment Action Campaign” (1983-2014). Hervormde Teologiese Studies, 71(3), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v71i3.2754 Vos, J. (2011). Fighting Corruption in the Water Sector. United Nations Development Programme. http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/democratic-governance/anti-corr uption/fighting_corruptioninthewatersector.html Vostroknutova, E. (2003). Shadow Economy, Rent-Seeking Activities and the Perils of Reinforcement of the Rule of Law. IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc. Voyer, P., & Beamish, P. (2004). The Effect of Corruption on Japanese Foreign Direct Investment. Journal of Business Ethics, 50(3), 211–224. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:BUSI.0000024737.57926.bf Wabwile, N. (2015). Transnational corruption, violations of human rights and states’ extraterritorial responsibility: A case for international action strategies. African Journal of Legal Studies, 8(1–2), 87–114. Wade, R. (1984). Irrigation reform in conditions of populist anarchy. Journal of Development Economics, 14(3), 285–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(84)90060-9 Wade, R. (1985). The market for public office: Why the Indian state is not better at development. World Development, 13, 467–497. Wadho, W. A. (2014). Education, Rent Seeking and the Curse of Natural Resources. ECONOMICS & POLITICS, 26(1), 128–156. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecpo.12029

378

Wadho, Waqar Ahmed. (2016). Corruption, Tax Evasion and the Role of Wage Incentives with Endogenous Monitoring Technology. Economic Inquiry, 54(1), 391–407. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecin.12243 Wagner, A. F., Schneider, F., & Halla, M. (2009). The quality of institutions and satisfaction with democracy in Western Europe—A panel analysis. European Journal of Political Economy, 25(1), 30–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2008.08.001 Wagner, N., Hout, W., & Namara, R. (2020). Improving police integrity in Uganda: Impact assessment of the police accountability and reform project. Review of Development Economics, 24(1), 62–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/rode.12643 Wahyuni, Z., Adriani, Y., & Nihayah, Z. (2015). The Relationship between Religious Orientation, Moral Integrity, Personality, Organizational Climate and Anti Corruption Intentions in Indonesia. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 5(10), 860–864. https://doi.org/10.7763/IJSSH.2015.V5.570 Waisbord, S. R. (2004). Scandals, media, and citizenship in contemporary Argentina.(Author Abstract). American Behavioral Scientist, 47(8), 1072. Wallace, C. (2000). Democratisation, economic development and corruption in East-Central Europe: A 11-nation study. Institute for Advanced Studies, 2000. Wallace, C., & Latcheva, R. (2006). Economic Transformation Outside the Law: Corruption, Trust in Public Institutions and the Informal Economy in Transition Countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Europe-Asia Studies, 58(1), 81–102. https://doi.org/10.1080/09668130500401707 Wallace, J. C. (1998). Resolving judicial corruption while preserving judicial independence: Comparative perspectives. California Western International Law Journal, 28(2), 341–351. Wallace-Bruce, N. L. (2000). Corruption and competitiveness in global business—The dawn of a new era. Melbourne University Law Review, 24(2), 349–378. Waller, C. J., Verdier, T., & Gardner, R. (2002). Corruption: Top Down or Bottom Up? Economic Inquiry, 40(4), 688–703. https://doi.org/10.1093/ei/40.4.688 Wallis, J. J. (2005). Constitutions, Corporations, and Corruption: American States and Constitutional Change, 1842 to 1852. The Journal of Economic History, 65(1), 211–256. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022050705050084 Wallis, J. J., Fishback, P. V., & Kantor, S. (2006). Politics, Relief, and Reform: Roosevelt’s Efforts to Control Corruption and Political Manipulation during the New Deal (1st ed.). Walsh, J. T. (2003). Practical Measures To Promote Integrity in Customs Administrations. In M. 379

Keen (Ed.), Changing customs: Challenges and strategies for the reform of customs administration. International Monetary Fund. Walton, G. (2009a). Rifling Through Corruption’s Baggage: Understanding Corruption Through Discourse Analysis. In M. Dobashi, J. Hooker, & P. Madsen (Eds.), A Survey of International Corporate Responsibility (Vol. 4, pp. 179–190). Philosophy Documentation Centre. Walton, G. (2009b). Rural People’s Perceptions of Corruption in Papua New Guinea [Working paper]. Walton, G. (2010). A Comparison of Two Papua New Guinean Anti-Corruption Agencies and their Policies. Walton, G. (2011). The Rise of Economic Discourse: Corruption and Anti-Corruption in the Development Industry. In S. B. Dahiya, K. Chakravarty, N. Rathee, & S. V. Lamba (Eds.), Governance issues and corruption (pp. 155–172). Intellectual Foundation. Walton, G. (2013). Papua New Guinean understandings of corruption: Insights from a nine-province study. Transparency International Papua New Guinea (Inc). Walton, G. W. (2013a). An argument for reframing debates about corruption: Insights from Papua New Guinea. Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 54(1), 61–76. https://doi.org/10.1111/apv.12002 Walton, G. W. (2013b). Is All Corruption Dysfunctional? Perceptions of Corruption and Its Consequences in Papua New Gunea. Public Administration and Development, 33(3), 175–190. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.1636 Walton, G. W. (2013c). The limitations of neoliberal logic in the anti-corruption industry: Lessons from Papua New Guinea. Crime, Law and Social Change, 60(2), 147–164. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-013-9450-1 Walton, G. W. (2015). Defining Corruption Where the State is Weak: The Case of Papua New Guinea. Journal of Development Studies, 51(1), 15–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2014.925541 Walton, G. W. (2016a). Gramsci’s activists: How local civil society is shaped by the anti- corruption industry, political society and translocal encounters. Political Geography, 53(Journal Article), 10–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2016.01.009 Walton, G. W. (2016b). Silent screams and muffled cries. Asian Education and Development Studies, 5(2), 211–226. Wamey, J. M. (1999). Can Corruption Be Measured? Bank’s World, 13(6), 1, 3.

380

Wane, W. (2000). Tax evasion, corruption, and the remuneration of heterogeneous inspectos. World Bank. Wang, C.-H. (2015). Government Performance, Corruption, and Political Trust in East Asia. Social Science Quarterly, 97(2), 211–231. https://doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.12223 Wang, C.-S., & Kurzman, C. (2007). The Logistics: How to Buy Votes. In F. C. Schaffer (Ed.), Elections for sale: The causes and consequences of vote buying (pp. 61–78). Lynne Rienner Publishers. Wang, E. C., & Alvi, E. (2011). Relative Efficiency of Government Spending and Its Determinants: Evidence from East Asian Countries. Eurasian Economic Review, 1(1), 3–28. Wang, F., & Sun, X. (2016). Absolute power leads to absolute corruption? Impact of power on corruption depending on the concepts of power one holds. European Journal of Social Psychology, 46(1), 77–89. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2134 Wang, H., & Rosenau, J. (2001). Transparency international and corruption as an issue of global governance. Global Governance, 7(1), 25–49. Wang, J. (2018). What’s wrong with corruption? Messages from confessions in China. Crime, Law and Social Change, 69(3), 447–463. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9746-7 Wang, K. (2016). Valuable Nepotism?: The FCPA and Hiring Risks in China. Columbia Journal of Law and Social Problems; Columbia J.Law Soc.Probl., 49(3), 459–493. Wang, K.-Y., & Tu, S.-M. (2014). The Influence of National Leader Change on Corruption and Sovereign Rating. Acta Oeconomica, 64(Journal Article), 79–97. https://doi.org/10.1556/AOecon.64.2014.Suppl.7 Wang, L., & Murnighan, J. K. (2014). Money, Emotions, and Ethics Across Individuals and Countries. Journal of Business Ethics, 125(1), 163–176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1914-9 Wang, P. (2014). Extra-Legal Protection in China. British Journal of Criminology, 54(5), 1–1. Wang, S., Zhao, D., & Chen, H. (2020). Government corruption, resource misallocation, and ecological efficiency. Energy Economics, 85, 104573-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2019.104573 Wang, S.-Y. (2013). Marriage Networks, Nepotism, and Labor Market Outcomes in China. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 5(3), 91–112. https://doi.org/10.1257/app.5.3.91 Wang, T. (2014). Is Confucianism a Source of Corruption in Chinese Society? A New Round of

381

Debate in Mainland China. Dao, 13(1), 111–121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11712-013-9361-y Wang, V. (2005). The accountability function of supreme audit institutions in Malawi, Uganda and Tanzania. Chr. Michelsen Institute. Wang, Y. (2014). Institutions and Bribery in an Authoritarian State. Studies in Comparative International Development, 49(2), 217–241. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12116-013-9138-7 Wang, Y.-T. (2018). Clientelistic parties and satisfaction with democracy. Party Politics, 26(4), 135406881878496–414. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068818784965 Wangnerud, L. (2010). Variation in Corruption Between Mexican States: Elaborating the Gender Perspective [Working paper]. Wängnerud, L. (2012). Why women are less corrupt than men. In S. Holmberg & B. Rothstein (Eds.), Good Government: The Relevance of Political Science (pp. 230–249). Edward Elgar. Wangnerud, L. (2015). Gender and Corruption. In P. M. Heywood (Ed.), Routledge Handbook of Political Corruption (pp. 288–297). Routledge. Wank, D. L. (1995). Bureaucratic Patronage and Private Business: Changing Networks of Power in Urban China. In A. G. Walder (Ed.), The waning of the communist state: Economic origins of political decline in China and Hungary (pp. 153–183). University of California Press. http://sfx.hul.harvard.edu/hvd?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx: ctx&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/sfxit.com:kbm anager&rft.object_id=111000211185500 Wank, D. L. (2002). Evolving Business-State Clientalism in China: The Institutional Organization of a Smuggling Operation [Working paper]. Wantchekon, L. (2003). Clientelism and Voting Behavior: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Benin. World Politics, 55(3), 399–422. Waples, E., Antes, A., Murphy, S., Connelly, S., & Mumford, M. (2009). A Meta-Analytic Investigation of Business Ethics Instruction. Journal of Business Ethics, 87(1), 133–151. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9875-0 Warburton, J. (2001). Corruption as a Social Process: From Dyads to Networks (P. Lamour & N. Wolanin, Eds.; pp. 221–237). Ward, H., & Dorussen, H. (2015). Public Information and Performance: The Role of Spatial Dependence in the Worldwide Governance Indicators among African Countries. World Development, 74(Journal Article), 253. 382

Warin, F., Falconer, C., & Diamant, M. (2010). The British are Coming!: Britain Changes its Law on Foreign Bribery and Joins the International Fight Against Corruption. Texas International Law Journal, 46(1), 1–72. Warin, F. J., Diaman, M. S., & Root, V. S. (2011). Somebody’s watching me: FCPA monitorships and how they can work better. University of Pennsylvania Journal of Business Law, 13(2), 321–381. Warin, F. J., Diamant, M. S., & Pfenning, J. M. (2010). FCPA Compliance in China and the Gifts and Hospitality Challenge. Virginia Law & Business Review, 5, 33–481. Warner, C. (2007). Globalisation and Corruption. In G. Ritzer (Ed.), The Blackwell companion to globalization. Blackwell Pub. Warner, C. M. (2015). Sources of Corruption in the European Union. In P. M. Heywood (Ed.), Routledge handbook of political corruption (pp. 121–134). Routledge. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=wWzfBQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1& dq=Warner,+Carolyn+M.+2015.+%E2%80%9CSources+of+Corruption+in+the+Europea n+Union%E2%80%9D+,+in+Paul+M.+Heywood+ed.,+The+Routledge+Handbook+of+ Political+Corruption&ots=C8RgrXVA6N&sig=WX5b3TwoOYbbIqDhXVbNnPlBgC4 Warren, M. (2004). Social Capital and Corruption. In D. Castiglione (Ed.), The handbook of social capital (pp. 16–18). Oxford University Press. Warren, M. E. (2004). What Does Corruption Mean in a Democracy? American Journal of Political Science, 48(2), 328–343. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0092-5853.2004.00073.x Warren, M. E. (2006). Democracy and Deceit: Regulating Appearances of Corruption. American Journal of Political Science, 50(1), 160–174. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2006.00176.x Warren, M. E. (2015). The Meaning of Corruption in Democracies. In L. Wangnerud (Ed.), Routledge Handbook of Political Corruption (pp. 42–55). Routledge. Wated, G., & Sanchez, J. (2005). The Effects of Attitudes, Subjective Norms, Attributions, and Individualism–Collectivism on Managers’ Responses to Bribery in Organizations: Evidence from a Developing Nation. Journal of Business Ethics, 61(2), 111–127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-005-8712-y Wawrosz, P. (2017). General Principles of Corruption Networks. International Advances in Economic Research, 23(1), 127–128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11294-016-9614-8 Weaver, G. R. (2001). Ethics programs in global businesses: Culture’s role in managing ethics. Journal of Business Ethics, 30(1), 3–15. Weaver, G. R., Treviño, L. K., & Cochran, P. L. (1999a). Corporate Ethics Programs as Control 383

Systems: Influences of Executive Commitment and Environmental Factors. The Academy of Management Journal, 42(1), 41–57. Weaver, G. R., Treviño, L. K., & Cochran, P. L. (1999b). Integrated and Decoupled Corporate Social Performance: Management Commitments, External Pressures, and Corporate Ethics Practices. The Academy of Management Journal, 42(5), 539–552. Weaver, Gary. (1999). Compliance and values oriented ethics programs: Influences on employees’ attitudes and behavior. Business Ethics Quarterly, 9(2), 315–335. Weaver, Gr. (2006). Virtue in organizations: Moral identity as a foundation for moral agency. Organization Studies, 27(3), 341–368. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840606062426 Webb, D., & Adkins, R. (2016). Anti-Corruption Law’s Third-Party Perils. National Law Journal, 38(20), 10. Webb, P. (2005). The United Nations Convention Against Corruption: Global achievement or missed opportunity? Journal of International Economic Law, 8(1), 191–229. Weber Abramo, C. (2008). How Much Do Perceptions of Corruption Really Tell Us? Economics: The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal, 2(2008–3), 1. https://doi.org/10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2008-3 Weber Abramo, C., & Brasil, T. (2003). Prevention and detection in bribery-affected public procurement. EconWPA. https://core.ac.uk/download/files/153/9312888.pdf Weber, J. (1993). Institutionalizing Ethics into Business Organizations: A Model and Research Agenda. Business Ethics Quarterly, 3(4), 419–436. https://doi.org/10.2307/3857287 Weber, J. (2015). Investigating and Assessing the Quality of Employee Ethics Training Programs Among US-Based Global Organizations. Journal of Business Ethics, 129(1), 27–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2128-5 Weber, J., & Getz, K. (2004). Buy Bribes or Bye-Bye Bribes: The Future Status of Bribery in International Commerce. Business Ethics Quarterly, 14(4), 695–711. Webster, M. E. (2008). Fifteen minutes of shame: The growing notoriety of grand corruption. Hastings International and Comparative Law Review, 31(2), 807–826. Wedel, J. (2012). Rethinking Corruption in an Age of Ambiguity. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 8, 453–498. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.lawsocsci.093008.131558 Wedel, J. (2015). High Priests and the Gospel of Anti- Corruption. Challenge, 58(1), 4. Wedel, J. R. (2001). Corruption and organized crime in post-communist states: New ways of manifesting old patterns: Part III: from evil empire to mafia. Trends in Organized Crime, 7(1), 47–61. 384

Wedel, J. R. (2003). Clans, cliques and captured states: Rethinking ?transition? in Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. Journal of International Development, 15(4), 427–440. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.994 Wedeman, A. (2004). The intensification of corruption in China. China Quarterly, 180, 895–921. Wedeman, A. (2017). China’s Corruption Crackdown: War Without End? Current History, 116(791), 210–216. Wedeman, Andrew. (1997). Looters, rent-scrapers, and dividend-collectors: Corruption and growth in Zaire, South Korea, and the Philippines. The Journal of Developing Areas, 31(4), 457–478. Wedeman, Andrew. (2002a). Development and Corruption: The East Asian Paradox. In E. T. Gomez (Ed.), Political business in East Asia (pp. 34–61). Routledge. Wedeman, Andrew. (2002b). State Predation and Rapid Growth: The Polarization of Business in China. In E. T. Gomez (Ed.), Political business in East Asia (pp. 155–181). Routledge. Wedeman, Andrew. (2012). China’s War on Corruption. In Ting Gong & S. K. Ma (Eds.), Preventing Corruption in Asia: Institutional Design and Policy Capacity. United Kingdom: Routledge Ltd. Weeks, J. (1986). Bribes, Gratuities and the Congress: The Institutionalized Corruption of the Political Process, the Impotence of Criminal Law to Reach It, and a Proposal for Change. Journal of Legislation, 13(2), 123. Weghorst, K. R., & Lindberg, S. I. (2011). Effective Opposition Strategies: Collective Goods or Clientelism? Democratization, 18(5), 1193–1214. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2011.603483 Wei, Shang - Jin. (2001). Does Corruption Relieve Foreign Investors of the Burden of Taxes and Capital Controls? In J. R. Hines Jr. (Ed.), International Taxation and Multinational Activity (pp. 73–87). University of Chicago Press. Wei, Shang - Jin, & Wu, Y. (2002). Negative alchemy? : Corruption, composition of capital flows, and currency crises. In S. Edwards & J. Frankel (Eds.), Preventing Currency Crises in Emerging Markets (pp. 461–501). University of Chicago Press. Wei, Shang-Jin. (2000a). How Taxing is Corruption on International Investors? Review of Economics and Statistics, 82(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1162/003465300558533 Wei, Shang-Jin. (2000b). Natural openness and good government (Working Paper No. 7765). National bureau of economic research. http://www.nber.org/papers/w7765

385

Wei, Shang-Jin. (2001). Corruption in Economic Development: Grease or Sand? (Economic Survey of Europe No. 2, pp. 101–112). United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. Wei, Shang‐jin. (2001). Domestic Crony Capitalism and International Fickle Capital: Is There a Connection? International Finance, 4(1), 15–45. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2362.00064 Wei, SJ. (2000). Local corruption and global capital flows. Brookings Papers On Economic Activity, 2, 303–354. Weill, L. (2011). Does corruption hamper bank lending? Macro and micro evidence. Empirical Economics, 41(1), 25–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-010-0393-4 Weinograd, C. B. (2010). Clarifying grease: Mitigating the threat of overdeterrence by defining the scope of the routine governmental action exception. Virginia Journal of International Law, 50(2), 509–549. Weintraub, E. L. (2004). Perspectives on Corruption. Election Law Journal, 3(2), 354–359. https://doi.org/10.1089/153312904322907937 Weisel, O., & Shalvi, S. (2015). The collaborative roots of corruption. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of Ame; Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A., 112(34), 10651–10656. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1423035112 Weiser, S. (1997). Dealing with corruption: Effectiveness of existing regimes on doing business. American Society of International Law. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting, 99–115. Weismann, M. (2009). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: The Failure of the Self-Regulatory Model of Corporate Governance in the Global Business Environment. Journal of Business Ethics, 88(4), 615–661. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9966-y Weismann, M. F., Buscaglia, C. A., & Peterson, J. (2014). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: Why It Fails to Deter Bribery as a Global Market Entry Strategy. Journal of Business Ethics, 123(4), 591. Weiss, D. (2009). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, SEC Disgorgement or Profits, and the Evolving International Bribery Regime: Weighing Proportionality, Retribution, and Deterrence. Michigan Journal of International Law, 30(2), 471–514. Weissman, A. (2010). Restoring Balance: Proposed Amendments to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. U.S. Chamber Institute for Legal Reform. Weitz, J. (2011). The Devil is in the Details: 18 U.S.C. § 666 After Skilling v. United States. 14, 805–805.

386

Weitzel, U., & Berns, S. (2006). Cross-border takeovers, corruption, and related aspects of governance. Journal of International Business Studies, 37(6), 786–806. Weitz-Shapiro, R. (2008). The Local Connection: Local Government Performance and Satisfaction With Democracy in Argentina. Comparative Political Studies, 41(3), 285. Weitz‐shapiro, R. (2012). What Wins Votes: Why Some Politicians Opt Out of Clientelism. American Journal of Political Science, 56(3), 568–583. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00578.x Welch, S., & Hibbing, J. R. (1997). The Effects of Charges of Corruption on Voting Behavior in Congressional Elections, 1982-1990. The Journal of Politics, 59(1), 226–239. https://doi.org/10.2307/2998224 Wellan, J. M. (2004). From individual deviance to collective corruption: A social influence model of the spread of deviance in organisations. In C. Bailey, D. Cabrera, & L. Buys (Eds.), QUT Business School; Centre for Social Change Research. Queensland University of Technology. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/649/ Wells, J. (2014). Corruption and collusion in construction a view from the industry. In T. Soreide & A. Williams (Eds.), Corruption, Grabbing and Development. Edward Elgar. Welsch, H. (2008). The welfare costs of corruption. Applied Economics, 40(14), 1839–1849. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840600905225 Wen, S. (2013). The Achilles heel that hobbles the Asian giant: The legal and cultural impediments to antibribery initiatives in China. American Business Law Journal, 50(3), 483–541. Weng, W. W., Woo, C. K., Cheng, Y. S., Ho, T., & Horowitz, I. (2015). Public trust and corruption perception: Disaster relief. Applied Economics, 47(46), 4967–4981. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2015.1039703 Werb, D., Wagner, K. D., Beletsky, L., Gonzalez-Zuniga, P., Rangel, G., & Strathdee, S. A. (2015). Police bribery and access to methadone maintenance therapy within the context of drug policy reform in Tijuana, Mexico. Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 148(Journal Article), 221–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.01.011 Werlin, H. (1994). Revisiting corruption: With a new definition. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 60(4), 547. Werlin, H. (2013). Understanding international corruption and what to do about it. Challenge : The Magazine of Economic Affairs, 56(3), 53–73. Werner, C. (2000). Gifts, bribes, and development in Post-Soviet Kazakhstan. Human Organization, 59(1), 11–22. 387

Wesberry, J. P., Jr. (1998). International financial institutions face the corruption eruption: If the IFIs put their muscle and money where their mouth is, the corruption eruption may be capped.(International Financing Institutions)(A Review of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act on Its Twentieth Anniversary: Its Appliction, Defense and International Aftermath). Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business, 18(2), 498–523. Wescott, C. G. (2003). E‐Government to Combat Corruption in the Asia‐pacific region [Working Paper]. Wescott, Clay. (2003). Combating Corruption in Southeast Asia. In J. Kidd & F.-J. Richter, Fighting Corruption in Asia (pp. 237–269). WORLD SCIENTIFIC. http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/9789812795397_0010 Wescott, Clayg. (2001). E‐Government in the Asia‐pacific region. Asian Journal of Political Science, 9(2), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/02185370108434189 Westbrook, A. D. (2011). Enthusiastic enforcement, informal legislation: The unruly expansion of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Georgia Law Review, 45(2), 489–577. Wetter, G. J. (1994). Issues of Corruption before International Arbitral Tribunals: The Authentic Text and True Meaning of Judge Gunnar Lagergren’s 1963 Award in ICC Case No. 1110. Arbitration International, 10, 277–294. Weyland, K. (1990). The Politics of Corruption in Contemporary Latin America. Journal of Democracy, 9(2), 108–121. Wheeler, D., & Mody, A. (1992). International investment location decisions: The case of U.S. firms. Journal of International Economics, 33, 57–76. Whitaker, C. N. (1992). Federal Prosecution of State and Local Bribery: Inappropriate Tools and the Need for a Structured Approach. Virginia Law Review, 78(7), 1617–1654. https://doi.org/10.2307/1073355 White, A. (2006). The Paradox of Corruption as Antithesis to Economic Development: Does Corruption Undermine Economic Development in China and Indonesia and Why Are the Experiences Different in Each Country? Asian-Pacific Law & Policy Journal APL & PJ, 8, 1-. White, B. T. (2009). Rotten to the Core: Project Capture and the Failure of Judicial Reform in Mongolia. East Asia Law Review, 4, 209–277. White, B. T. (2010). Putting aside the rule of law myth: Corruption and the case for juries in emerging democracies. Cornell International Law Journal, 43(2), 307–363. White, S. (2014). Footprints in the sand: Regulating conflict of interest at EU level. In J.-B. Auby, E. Breen, & T. Perroud (Eds.), Corruption and Conflicts of Interest: A 388

Comparative Law Approach (pp. 272–287). Edward Elgar. Wickberg, S. (2021). Understanding corruption in the twenty-first century: Towards a new constructivist research agenda. French Politics, 19(1), 82–102. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41253-020-00144-4 Widmalm, S. (2005). Explaining Corruption at the Village and Individual Level in India: Findings from a Study of the Panchayati Raj Reforms. Asian Survey, 45(5), 756–776. https://doi.org/10.1525/as.2005.45.5.756 Widmalm, S. (2008). Decentralisation, corruption and social capital: From India to the West. SAGE Publications. Wiehen, M., & Mohn, C. (1998). The Integrity Pact: A Way Out of the Trap. Economic Perspectives, 3(5), 27–29. Wieneke, A., & Gries, T. (2011). SME performance in transition economies: The financial regulation and firm-level corruption nexus. Journal of Comparative Economics, 39(2), 221–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2010.09.001 Wiens, D. (2014). Natural resources and institutional development. Journal of Theoretical Politics, 26(2), 197–221. https://doi.org/10.1177/0951629813493835 Wigley, S. (2003). Parliamentary Immunity: Protecting Democracy or Protecting Corruption? Journal of Political Philosophy, 11(1), 23–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9760.00165 Wilhelm, P. (2002). International Validation of the Corruption Perceptions Index: Implications for Business Ethics and Entrepreneurship Education. Journal of Business Ethics, 35(3), 177–189. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013882225402 Wilkinson, P. (2006). Reporting on Countering Corruption. In B. Errath (Ed.), Bussiness Against Corruption: Case Stories and Examples (pp. 96–107). United Nations Global Compact OFfice. Willett, S. (2009). Defence Expenditures, Arms Procurement and Corruption in Sub-Saharan Africa. Review of African Political Economy, 36(121), 335–351. https://doi.org/10.1080/03056240903210754 Williams, A. (2009). On the release of information by governments: Causes and consequences. Journal of Development Economics, 89(1), 124–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2008.08.001 Williams, A. (2011). Shining a Light on the Resource Curse: An Empirical Analysis of the Relationship Between Natural Resources, Transparency, and Economic Growth. World Development, 39(4), 490–505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2010.08.015

389

Williams, A. R. (2015). An inside job: Using in-court sting operations to uncover corruption in an inadequate self-regulating system. Georgetown Journal of Legal Ethics, 28(3), 969–988. Williams, A., & Siddique, A. (2008). The use (and abuse) of governance indicators in economics: A review. Economics of Governance, 9(2), 131–175. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-006-0025-9 Williams, C. C. (2015a). Evaluating cross-national variations in envelope wage payments in East-Central Europe. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 36(2), 283. Williams, C. C. (2015b). Explaining cross-national variations in the informalisation of employment: Some lessons from Central and Eastern Europe. European Societies, Journal Article, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2015.1051073 Williams, C. C. (2015c). Tackling informal employment in developing and transition economies: A critical evaluation of the neo-liberal approach. Int.J.of Business and Globalisation, 14(3). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBG.2015.068619 Williams, C. C., Martinez-Perez, A., & Kedir, A. (2016). Does bribery have a negative impact on firm performance? A firm-level analysis across 132 developing countries. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 22(3), 398–415. Williams, G. H. (1990). Good government by prosecutorial decree: The use and abuse of mail fraud. Arizona Law Review, 32(1), 137–171. Williams, H. (2002). Core Factors of Police Corruption Across the World. In Forum on Crime and Society Vol. 2, No. 1, Dec. 2002 (pp. 85–99). United Nations. Williams, J., & Beare, M. (1999). The business of bribery: Globalization, economic liberalization, and the “problem” of corruption. Crime, Law and Social Change, 32(2), 115–146. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008375930680 Williams, M. (2017). The Political Economy of Unfinished Development Projects: Corruption, Clientelism, or Collective Choice? The American Political Science Review, 111(4), 705–723. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055417000351 Williams, R. (1999). New concepts for old? Third World Quarterly, 20(3), 503–513. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436599913659 Williams, R., & Doig, A. (2004). A Good Idea Gone Wrong? Anti-Corruption Commissions in the Twenty-First Century. CMI. Williams, R., Professor. (2000). Party Finance and Political Corruption. Williams, S. (2007). The Debarment of Corrupt Contractors From World Bank-Financed

390

Contracts. Public Contract Law Journal, 36(3), 277–306. Wilsher, D. (2006). Inexplicable wealth and illicit enrichment of public officials: A model draft that respects human rights in corruption cases. Crime, Law and Social Change, 45(1), 27–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-006-9016-6 Wilson, B. M. (2014). Costa Rica’s Anti-Corruption Trajectory: Strengths and Limitations (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 2479419). Social Science Research Network. http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2479419 Wilson, J. K., & Damania, R. (2005). Corruption, political competition and environmental policy. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 49(3), 516–535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2004.06.004 Wilson, N. N. (2014). Pushing the limits of jurisdiction over foreign actors under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. Washington University Law Review, 91(4), 1063. Wiltermuth, S. S. (2011). Cheating more when the spoils are split. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 115(2), 157–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2010.10.001 Windsor, D., & Getz, K. A. (2000). Multilateral cooperation to combat corruption: Normative regimes despite mixed motives and diverse values. Cornell International Law Journal, 33(3), 731. Wines, W., & Napier, N. (1992). Toward an understanding of cross-cultural ethics: A tentative model. Journal of Business Ethics, 11(11), 831–841. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00872361 Wing Lo, T. (1993). The Politics of Social Censure: Corruption and Bourgeois Liberation in Communist China. Social & Legal Studies, 2(2), 195–209. https://doi.org/10.1177/096466399300200204 Winters, J. A. (2002). Criminal Debt. In J. Pincus & J. A. Winters (Eds.), Reinventing the World Bank. Cornell University Press. Winters, L. A. (2004). Trade Liberalization and Economic Performance: An Overview. Economic Journal, 114(493), F4–F21. Winters, M. S. (2010). Choosing to Target: What Types of Countries Get Different Types of World Bank Projects. World Politics, 62(3), 422–458. Winters, M. S. (2014). Targeting, Accountability and Capture in Development Projects. International Studies Quarterly, 58(2), 393–404. https://doi.org/10.1111/isqu.12075 Winters, M. S., & Martinez, G. (2015). The Role of Governance in Determining Foreign Aid Flow Composition. World Development, 66(Journal Article), 516–531.

391

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.09.020 Winters, M. S., & Weitz-Shapiro, R. (2015). Political corruption and partisan engagement: Evidence from Brazil/Corrupcao politica e engajamento partidario: Evidencias do Brasil. Journal of Politics in Latin America, 7(1), 45. Winters, M. S., & Weitz-Shapiro, R. (2016). Who’s in Charge Here? Direct and Indirect Accusations and Voter Punishment of Corruption. Political Research Quarterly, 69(2), 207–219. https://doi.org/10.1177/1065912916634897 Winters, M., & Weitz-Shapiro, R. (2013). Lacking Information or Condoning Corruption? When Will Voters Support Corrupt Politicians? Comparative Politics, 45(4), 1. Wirl, F. (1998). Socio-economic typologies of bureaucratic corruption and implications. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 8(2), 199–220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001910050062 Wiseman, T. (2013). U.S. Shadow Economies: A State-Level Study. Constitutional Political Economy, 24, 310–335. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2208637 Wiseman, T. (2015). Entrepreneurship, corruption, and the size of US underground economies. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy, 4(3), 313. Witten, R. M., Parker, K. A., Holtmeier, J., & Koffer, T. J. (2009). Prescriptions for Compliance with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: Identifying Bribery Risks and Implementing Anti-Bribery Controls in Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Companies. The Business Lawyer, 64(3), 691–737. Wolf, S. (2010). Assessing Eastern Europe’s anti-corruption performance: Views from the Council of Europe, OECD, and Transparency International. Global Crime, 11(2), 99–121. https://doi.org/10.1080/17440571003669134 Wolfers, J. (2006). Point Shaving: Corruption in NCAA Basketball. American Economic Review, 96(2), 279–283. https://doi.org/10.1257/000282806777211757 Wong, A., & Gomes, R. (2014). Corruption in Modern-Day Africa: A Possible Remedy. Journal of Pan African Studies, 7(3), 77–114. Woo, J., & Heo, U. (2009). Corruption and Foreign Direct Investment Attractiveness in Asia. Asian Politics & Policy, 1(2), 223–238. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1943-0787.2009.01113.x Wood, J., & Antonowicz, L. (2011). Fighting Corruption in the Education Sector: Methods, Tools and Good Practices. United Nations Development Programme. http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/democratic-governance/anti-corr uption/fighting_corruptionintheeducationsector.html

392

Woodin, C. M. (2012). A solution to the conflict over the appropriate unit of prosecution for 18 U.S.C. 666. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 403–427. Woods, N. D. (2008). The Policy Consequences of Political Corruption: Evidence from State Environmental Programs *. Social Science Quarterly, 89(1), 258–271. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6237.2008.00531.x Worhy, B., & McClean, T. (2015). Freedom of Information and Corruption. In P. M. Heywood (Ed.), Routledge handbook of political corruption (pp. 347–358). Routledge. World Bank. (1997). Helping countries combat corruption: The role of the World Bank. World Bank. (2000). Designing an Effective Anticorruption Strategy. In Anticorruption in Transition: A Contribution to the Policy Debate. World Bank. World Bank, Energy, Transport & Water Department. (2009). Deterring corruption and improving governance in the electricity sector: A sourcebook (Working Paper No. 46708). World Bank. World Bank, Independent Evaluation Group. (2008). Public sector reform: What works and why? An IEG evaluation of World Bank support. World Bank. Wotruba, T., Chonko, L., & Loe, T. (2001). The Impact of Ethics Code Familiarity on Manager Behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 33(1), 59–69. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011925009588 Wouters, J., Ryngaert, C., & Cloots, A. S. (2013). The international legal framework against corruption: Achievements and challenges. (IV. Challenges A. Definition 4. The Scope of Corrupt Acts Covered by the International Anti-Corruption Instruments through V. Conclusion, with footnotes, p. 243-280). Melbourne Journal of International Law, 14(1), 243. Wrage, A. A. (2007). Bribery and extortion: Undermining business, governments, and security. Praeger Security International. Wrage, A., & Mandernach, K. (2006). Facilitation Payments. In B. Errath (Ed.), Business Against Corruption: Case Stories and Examples (pp. 69–79). United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. http://www.ingentaconnect.com.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/search/article?option1=tka&v alue1=Business+Against+Corruption%3a+Case+Stories+and+Examples&pageSize=10& index=1 Wren-Lewis, L. (2013). Anti-Corruption Policy in Regulation and Procurement: The Role of International Actors. In Susan Rose-Ackerman & P. D. Carrington (Eds.), Anti-corruption policy: Can international actors play a constructive role? (pp. 91–102).

393

Carolina Academic Press, 2013. Wren-Lewis, L. (2015). Do Infrastructure Reforms Reduce the Effect of Corruption? Theory and Evidence from Latin America and the Caribbean. The World Bank Economic Review, 29(2), 353. Wright, B. (2010). Civilianising the ‘Blue Code’? An Examination of Attitudes to Misconduct in the Police Extended Family. International Journal of Police Science & Management, 12(3), 339–356. https://doi.org/10.1350/ijps.2010.12.3.190 Wright, G., & Czelusta, J. (2004). Why Economies Slow: The Myth of the Resource Curse. Challenge, 47(2), 6–38. Wright, J. (2010). Aid Effectiveness and the Politics of Personalism. Comparative Political Studies, 43(6), 735–762. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414009358674 Wright, N. (2015). Domestic vs. Foreign corrupt practices: For bribery, an international mind is more guilty.(Current Developments: 2014-2015). Georgetown Journal of Legal Ethics, 28(3), 989–1004. Wrong, M. (2009). It’s our turn to eat: The story of a Kenyan whistle-blower (1st U.S. ed.). Harper. Wrong, M. (2013). How International Actors Can Help the Media in Developing Countries Play a Stronger Role in Combating Corruption. In P. D. Carrington & L. Wren-Lewis (Eds.), Anti-corruption policy: Can international actors play a constructive role? (pp. 103–112). Carolina Academic Press, 2013. Wu, S.-Y. (2006). Corruption and cross-border investment by multinational firms. Journal of Comparative Economics, 34(4), 839–856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2006.08.007 Wu, X. (2005). Corporate Governance and Corruption: A Cross‐Country Analysis. Governance, 18(2), 151–170. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0491.2005.00271.x Wu, X. (2009). Determinants of Bribery in Asian Firms: Evidence from the World Business Environment Survey. Journal of Business Ethics, 87(1), 75–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9871-4 Wu, Y., & Zhu, J. (2016). When Are People Unhappy? Corruption Experience, Environment, and Life Satisfaction in Mainland China. Journal Of Happiness Studies; J.Happiness Stud., 17(3), 1125–1147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-015-9635-7 Wu, Z. Y., Wu, J. C., Lin, S. C., & Wang, C. (2014). An electronic voting mechanism for fighting bribery and coercion. JOURNAL OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN STUDIES, 40(Journal Article), 139–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2013.09.011

394

Wyatt, G. (2003). Corruption, Productivity and Socialism. Kyklos, 56(2), 223–244. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6435.00218 Xenakis, S., & Ivanov, K. (2017). Does Hypocrisy Matter? National Reputational Damage and British Anti-Corruption Mentoring in the Balkans. Critical Criminology, 25(3), 433–452. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10612-016-9345-4 Xerri, M., Farr-Wharton, B., Brunetto, Y., Crossan, F., & Beattie, R. (2019). Comparing the impact of management on public and private nurses in Bangladesh. The International Journal of Public Sector Management, 32(7), 741–758. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-01-2019-0023 Xezonakis, G., Kosmidis, S., & Dahlberg, S. (2016). Can electors combat corruption?: Institutional arrangements and citizen behaviour. European Journal of Political Research, 55(1), 160–176. Xin, X., & Rudel, T. K. (2004). The Context for Political Corruption: A Cross‐National Analysis. Social Science Quarterly, 85(2), 294–309. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0038-4941.2004.08502005.x Xu, C. (2016). Social Influence and Economic Incentives: Complements or Substitutes? The Case of Fighting Corruption [Working paper]. Xu, H., Dao, M., & Wu, J. (2018). The effect of local political corruption on earnings quality. Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11156-018-0758-x Yackee, J. W. (2012). Investment treaties and investor corruption: An emerging defense for host states? Virginia Journal of International Law, 52(3), 723–745. Yadav, V. (2011). Political parties, business groups, and corruption in developing countries. Oxford University Press. Yadav, V. (2012). Legislative Institutions and Corruption in Developing Country Democracies. Comparative Political Studies, 45(8), 1027–1058. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414011428596 Yadav, V. (2016). The politics of corruption in dictatorships. Cambridge University Press. Yamamura, E. (2013). Public sector corruption and the probability of technological disasters. Economics of Governance, 14(3), 233–255. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-013-0125-2 Yamamura, E. (2014a). Corruption and perceived risk a case of the 2011 Fukushima disaster. International Journal of Social Economics, 41(11), 1156–1170. Yamamura, E. (2014b). Impact of natural disaster on public sector corruption. Public Choice,

395

161(3), 385–405. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11127-014-0154-6 Yamamura, E., Andrés, A., & Katsaiti, M. (2012). Does Corruption Affect suicide? Econometric Evidence from OECD Countries. Atlantic Economic Journal, 40(2), 133–145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11293-012-9313-7 Yan, J., & Oum, T. H. (2014). The effect of government corruption on the efficiency of US commercial airports. Journal of Urban Economics, 80(Journal, Electronic), 119–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2014.01.004 Yan, Q. (2009). An institutional approach to understanding corruption in BRIC countries. Corruption in International Business, 143–161. Yan, Z., & Liu, Y. (2016). The Competing Media Frame Study in One Country of Two System: The Case Study on Scandal of Chen Liangyu. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 6(1), 32–37. https://doi.org/10.7763/IJSSH.2016.V6.613 Yang, D. (2006). The economics of anti-corruption: Lessons from a widespread customs reform. In Susan Rose-Ackerman (Ed.), International handbook on the economics of corruption (pp. 512–545). Edward Elgar. Yang, D. (2008a). Can Enforcement Backfire? Crime Displacement in the Context of Customs Reform in the Philippines. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 90(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1162/rest.90.1.1 Yang, D. (2008b). Integrity for Hire: An Analysis of a Widespread Customs Reform. The Journal of Law and Economics, 51(1), 25–57. https://doi.org/10.1086/520007 Yang, D. (2011). Economic Gangsters: Corruption, Violence, and the Poverty of Nations. Journal of Economic Literature, 49(3), 767–770. Yanguas, P., & Bukenya, B. (2016). “New” approaches confront “old” challenges in African public sector reform. Third World Quarterly, 37(1), 136–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2015.1086635 Yaniv, G., & Siniver, E. (2016). The (honest) truth about rational dishonesty. Journal Of Economic Psychology; J.Econ.Psychol., 53(Journal Article), 131–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2016.01.002 Yao, S. (2002). Privilege and Corruption: The Problems of China’s Socialist Market Economy. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 61(1), 279–299. https://doi.org/10.1111/1536-7150.00160 Yap, O. F. (2013). When do Citizens Demand Punishment of Corruption? Australian Journal of Political Science, 48(1), 57–70. https://doi.org/10.1080/10361146.2012.760525

396

Yavaş, C. (1998). A Comment on “Corruption by Design.” Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization, 14(1), 174–179. Yavas, C. (2007). The Ghost of Corruption. The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.2202/1935-1682.1619 Yeboah-Assiamah, E. (2017). ‘Strong Personalities’ and ‘Strong Institutions’ Mediated by a ‘Strong Third Force’: Thinking ‘Systems’ in Corruption Control. Public Organization Review, 17(4), 545–562. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-016-0351-5 Yeboah-Assiamah, E., & Alesu-Dordzi, S. (2016). The calculus of corruption: A paradox of “strong” corruption amidst “strong” systems and institutions in developing administrative systems. Journal of Public Affairs, 16(2), 203. Yeo, Y. (2016). Complementing the local discipline inspection commissions of the CCP: empowerment of the central inspection groups. Journal of Contemporary China, 25(97), 59. Yerrabati, S., & Hawkes, D. D. (2016). Institutions and Investment in the South and East Asia and Pacific Region: Evidence from Meta-Analysis. Economics-The Open Access Open-Assessment E-Journal; Economics, 10(Journal Article). https://doi.org/10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2016-11 Ying, S. (2004). Regime and Curbing Corruption. China Review, 4(2), 99–128. Yingling, P. M., & Arafa, M. A. (2013). After the Revolution: Egypt’s Changing Forms of Corruption. 2, 23–62. Yılmaz, G., & Soyaltın, D. (2014). Zooming into the ‘Domestic’ in Europeanization: Promotion of Fight against Corruption and Minority Rights in Turkey. Journal of Balkan & Near Eastern Studies, 16(1), 11–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/19448953.2013.864181 Yockey, J. W. (2011). Solicitation, extortion, and the FCPA. Notre Dame Law Review, 87(2), 781. Yockey, J. W. (2012). FCPA Settlement, Internal Strife, and the “Culture of Compliance.” Wisconsin Law Review, 2, 689–716. Yockey, J. W. (2013). Choosing governance in the FCPA reform debate. The Journal of Corporation Law, 38(2), 325. Yolles, M., & Fink, G. (2014). Personality, pathology and mindsets: Part 3-pathologies and corruption. KYBERNETES, 43(1), 135–143. https://doi.org/10.1108/K-12-2013-0260 Yoo, S. (2008). Petty corruption. Economic Theory, 37(2), 267–280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00199-007-0299-3

397

Yoo, S. H., & Institute of Economic Research, K. U. (2014). Competition, Corruption and Institutional Design [Discussion Paper Series / Institute of Economic Research, Korea University]. You, J.-S. (2014). Land Reform, Inequality, and Corruption—A Comparative Historical Study of Korea, Taiwan, and the Philippines. The Korean Journal of International Studies, 191–224. You, J.-S., & Khagram, S. (2005). A comparative study of inequality and corruption. American Sociological Review, 70(1), 136. Young, S. N. M. (2009). Why civil actions against corruption? Journal of Financial Crime, 16(2), 144–159. https://doi.org/10.1108/13590790910951821 Young, S. N. M. (2013). Prosecuting bribery in Hong Kong’s human rights environment. In J. Horder & P. Alldridge (Eds.), Modern Bribery Law (pp. 267–292). Cambridge University Press. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781139088398A022 Yu, C., Chen, C.-M., Hu, L.-T., & Juang, W.-J. (2009). Evolving Perceptions of Government Integrity and Changing Anticorruption Measures in Taiwan. In Ting Gong & S. K. Ma (Eds.), Preventing corruption in Asia: Institutional design and policy capacity. Routledge. Yu, C., Chen, C.-M., Juang, W.-J., & Hu, L.-T. (2008). Does democracy breed integrity? Corruption in Taiwan during the democratic transformation period. Crime, Law and Social Change, 49(3), 167–184. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-007-9093-1 Yu, F., Guo, Y., Lettic, F., & Barnes, S. (2019). Regional Anti‐Corruption Effort, Political Connections and Firm Innovation Effort: Evidence from China. Bulletin of Economic Research, 71(1), 18–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/boer.12146 Yukins, C. R. (2007). Integrating Integrity and Procurement: The United Nations Convention Against Corruption and the Uncitral Model Produrement Law. Public Contract Law Journal, 36(3), 307–329. Yusuf, M., Malarvizhi, C. A., Huda Mazumder, M. N., & Su, Z. (2014). Corruption, Poverty, and Economic Growth Relationship in the Nigerian Economy. Journal of Developing Areas, 48(3), 95–107. https://doi.org/10.1353/jda.2014.0042 Zabyelina, Y., & Arsovska, J. (2013). Rediscovering corruption’s other side: Bribing for peace in post-conflict Kosovo and Chechnya. Crime, Law and Social Change, 60(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-013-9446-x Zagainova, A. (2007). Challenges of anti-corruption policies in post-communist countries. In S. Bracking (Ed.), Corruption and Development: The Anti-Corruption Campaigns (pp.

398

138–154). Palgrave Macmillan. Zagaris, B. (1999). The emergence of an international enforcement regime on transnational corruption in the Americas. Law and Policy in International Business, 30, 53–93. Zaheer, S. (2015). Brazil’s landmark Clean Company Act: Comparison to the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention and issues.(Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). Pacific McGeorge Global Business & Development Law Journal, 28(2), 457–483. Zakaria, M. (2009). Openness and corruption: A time-series analysis. Zagreb International Review of Economics &, 12(2), 1–14. Zaloznaya, M. (2012). Organizational cultures as agents of differential association: Explaining the variation in bribery practices in Ukrainian universities. Crime, Law and Social Change, 58(3), 295–320. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-012-9386-x Zaloznaya, M. (2014). The Social Psychology of Corruption: Why It Does Not Exist and Why It Should. Sociology Compass, 8(2), 187. Zaloznaya, M. (2015). Does Authoritarianism Breed Corruption? Reconsidering the Relationship Between Authoritarian Governance and Corrupt Exchanges in Bureaucracies. Law and Social Inquiry-Journal of the American Bar Foundation, 40(2), 345–376. https://doi.org/10.1111/lsi.12076 Zaman, A. & Faiz-Ur-Rahim. (2009). Corruption: Measuring the unmeasurable. Humanomics, 25(2), 117–126. Zaman, G., & Ionescu, L. (2014). The Impact of International Economic Crises on Corruption in Romania. Economic Computation and Economic Cybernetics Studies and Research, 48(1), 65–80. Zarb, B. J. (2007). Do credible financial reporting and government intervention play a role in preventing corruption? A preliminary investigation of the European Union.(Statistical table). Journal of International Business and Economics, 7(1), 149. Zaum, D. (2016). Political economies of corruption in fragile and conflict-affected states: Nuancing the picture. http://www.u4.no/publications/political-economies-of-corruption-in-fragile-and-conflict- affected-states-nuancing-the-picture/ Zausinová, J., Zoričak, M., Vološin, M., & Gazda, V. (2019). Aspects of complexity in citizen–bureaucrat corruption: An agent-based simulation model. Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11403-019-00240-x Zazueta, I., & Cortez, W. (2015). The Impract of Political Alternation On Corruption in Mexico. 399

Revista De Ciencia Politica; Rev.Cienc.Polit., 35(2), 371–392. Zeaiter, H., & El-Khalil, R. (2014). Mixed Countries Methods: A Note On Corruption, Democracy, and Economic Development. Journal of Academy of Business and Economics, 14(1), 115–122. https://doi.org/10.18374/JABE-14-1.12 Zechmeister, E. J., & Zizumbo-Colunga, D. (2013). The Varying Political Toll of Concerns About Corruption in Good Versus Bad Economic Times. Comparative Political Studies, 46(10), 1190–1218. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414012472468 Zekos, G. I. (2004). Ethics versus corruption in globalization. Journal of Management Development, 23(7), 631–647. Zelekha, Y., & Bar-Efrat, O. (2011). Crime, Terror and Corruption and Their Effect on Private Investment in Israel. Open Economies Review, 22(4), 635–648. Zemfira M Kazachkova & Elena B Kozlova. (2020). Monitoring as a Tool for Improvement of Modern Regional Anti-Corruption Policy in Russia. Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics, 11(1(47)), 80–90. https://doi.org/10.14505/jarle.v11.1(47).11 Zeneli, V. (2016). Corruption, Foreign Direct Investment, and International Marketing in the Western Balkans. Thunderbird International Business Review, 58(3), 277–291. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.21753 Zerilli, F. M. (2005). Corruption, Property Restitution and Romanianness. In D. Haller & C. Shore (Eds.), Corruption: Anthropological perspectives. Pluto. Zervos, A. (2006). Amending the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act: Repealing the exemption for “routine government action” payments. Penn State International Law Review, 25(1), 251–294. Zhang, A. (2012). An Examination of the Effects of Corruption on Financial Market Volatility. Journal of Emerging Market Finance, 11(3), 301–322. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972652712466501 Zhang, B., Le, Y., Xia, B., & Skitmore, M. (2017). Causes of Business-to-Government Corruption in the Tendering Process in China. Journal Of Management In Engineering, 33(2), . https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000479 Zhang, F., Zhang, H., & Bell, G. (2019). Corporate religiosity and individual decision on conducting entrepreneurial activity: The contingent effects of institutional environments in China. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-019-09691-z Zhang, N. (2015a). Anti-Corruption Efforts and Public Opinion in China: Evidence from a 400

Natural Experiment in an Autocratic Regime [Working Paper]. Zhang, N. (2015b). Changing a ‘culture’ of corruption: Evidence from an economic experiment in Italy. 27(4), 387–413. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043463115605475 Zhang, N. (2015c). Institutions, Culture and Blowing the Whistle on Corruption: An Experiment with Northern and Southern Italians [Working paper]. Zhang, T., Gino, F., & Bazerman, M. H. (2014). Morality rebooted: Exploring simple fixes to our moral bugs. Research in Organizational Behavior, 34(Journal Article), 63–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2014.10.002 Zhang, W., Zhang, X., Tian, X., & Sun, F. (2021). Economic policy uncertainty nexus with corporate risk-taking: The role of state ownership and corruption expenditure. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 65, 101496-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2021.101496 Zhang, Y., Cao, L., & Vaughn, M. S. (2009). Social Support and Corruption: Structural Determinants of Corruption in the World. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 42(2), 204–217. https://doi.org/10.1375/acri.42.2.204 Zhao, H., Zhang, H., & Xu, Y. (2016). Does the Dark Triad of Personality Predict Corrupt Intention? The Mediating Role of Belief in Good Luck. Frontiers in Psychology, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00608 Zhao, J. H., Kim, S. H., & Du, J. (2003). The Impact of Corruption and Transparency on Foreign Direct Investment: An Empirical Analysis. MIR: Management International Review, 43(1), 41–62. Zhao, R., Chen, J., Feng, C., & Zhong, S. (2020). The impact of anti-corruption measures on land supply and the associated implications: The case of China. Land Use Policy, 95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104605 Zhao, X., & Xu, H. (2015). E-government and corruption: A longitudinal analysis of countries. International Journal of Public Administration, 38(6), 410–421. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2014.942736 Zheng, Q., Luo, Y., & Wang, S. (2014). Moral Degradation, Business Ethics, and Corporate Social Responsibility in a Transitional Economy. Journal of Business Ethics, 120(3), 405–421. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1668-4 Zheng, X., Ghoul, S. E., Guedhami, O., & Kwok, C. C. Y. (2013). Collectivism and corruption in bank lending. Journal of International Business Studies, 44(4), 363–390. http://dx.doi.org.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/10.1057/jibs.2013.19 Zheng, Y., & Liao, X. (2018). The Formation Mechanism and Precision Control of Corruption in 401

Poverty Alleviation from the Perspective of System Dynamics. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2796146 Zhong, C.-B., Bohns, V. K., & Gino, F. (2010). Good Lamps Are the Best Police. Psychological Science, 21(3), 311–314. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797609360754 Zhou, L., Ampon-Wireko, S., Dauda, L., Xu, X., Opuni Antwi, M., & Larnyo, E. (2021). Empirical Analysis of Factors Influencing Healthcare Efficiency among Emerging Countries. Healthcare (Basel), 9(1), 31-. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9010031 Zhu, B. (2009). Economic Integration and Corruption: The Case of China [Working Paper]. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.386.6763&rep=rep1&type=pdf Zhu, J., Lu, J., & Shi, T. (2013). When grapevine news meets mass media different information sources and popular perceptions of government corruption in mainland china. Comparative Political Studies, 46(8), 920–946. Zhu, J. N., & Wu, Y. P. (2014). Who pays more “tributes” to the government? Sectoral corruption of China’s private enterprises. CRIME LAW AND SOCIAL CHANGE, 61(3), 309–333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-013-9504-4 Zhuang, J., De Dios, E., & Lagman-Martin, A. (2010). Governance and Institutional Quality and the Links with Economic Growth and Income Inequality: With Special Reference to Developing Asia. Asian Development Bank. http://www.adb.org/publications/governance-and-institutional-quality-and-links-economi c-growth-and-income-inequality Zhuravskaya, E. V. (2000). Incentives to provide local public goods: Fiscal federalism, Russian style. Journal of Public Economics, 76(3), 337–368. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0047-2727(99)00090-0 Ziblatt, D. (2009). Shaping Democratic Practice and the Causes of Electoral Fraud: The Case of Nineteenth-Century Germany. American Political Science Review, 103(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055409090042 Zimmerman, S. S., & Feriello, F. A. Jr. (2011). Coordinating the Fight against Fraud and Corruption: Agreement on Cross-Debarment among Multilateral Development Banks. In World Bank Legal Review (Vol. 3, pp. 189–204). http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/9780821388631_CH07 Zinnbauer, D. (2015). Crowdsourced Corruption Reporting: What Petrified Forests, Street Music, Bath Towels, and the Taxman Can Tell Us About the Prospects for Its Future. Policy and Internet, 7(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.84 Zinnes, C., & Bell, S. (2003). NGO growth in transition economies: A cause or effect of legal

402

reform and donor aid? Journal of Human Rights, 2(3), 379–392. https://doi.org/10.1080/1475483032000133042 Ziobrowski, A. J., Cheng, P., Boyd, J. W., & Ziobrowski, B. J. (2004). Abnormal Returns from the Common Stock Investments of the U.S. Senate. The Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 39(4), 661–676. Zipparo, L. (1998). Factors which deter public officials from reporting corruption. Crime, Law and Social Change, 30(3), 273–287. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008326527512 Zitzewitz, E. (2014). Does Transparency Reduce Favoritism and Corruption? Evidence From the Reform of Figure Skating Judging. JOURNAL OF SPORTS ECONOMICS, 15(1), 3–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527002512441479 Zitzewitz, Eric. (2012). Forensic Economics. Journal of Economic Literature, 50(3), 731–769. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.50.3.731 Znoj, H. (2007). Deep Corruption in Indonesia: Discourses, Practices, Histories. In Monique Nuijnd Gerhnders (Ed.), Corruption and the Secret of Law: A Legal Anthropological Perspective (pp. 53–76). United Kingdom: Ashgate Publishing Ltd. Zook, D. C. (2009). The Curious Case of Finland’s Clean Politics. Journal of Democracy, 20(1), 157–168. Zou, K. (2000). Judicial Reform versus Judicial Corruption: Recent Developments in China. Criminal Law Forum, 11(3), 323–351. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009479211354 Zouhaier, H. (2011). Corruption, Investment and Economic Growth. International Journal of Economics and Research, 02(05), 185–194. Zuber, F. (2015). Spread of Unethical Behavior in Organizations: A Dynamic Social Network Perspective. Journal of Business Ethics; J.Bus.Ethics, 131(1), 151–172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2270-0 Zuleta, J. C., Leyton, A., & Ivanovic, E. F. (2007). Combating Corruption in the Revenue Service: The Case of VAT Refunds in Bolivia. In J. Edgardo Campos & S. Pradhan (Eds.), Many Faces of Corruption: Tracking Vulnerabilities at the Sector Level. Herndon, VA, USA: World Bank, The. Zurawicki, L. (2010). Corruption and foreign direct investment: What have we learned? International Business and Economics Research Journal, 9(7), 1–9. Zyglidopoulos, S. (2016). Toward a Theory of Second-Order Corruption. Journal of Management Inquiry, 25(1), 3–10. https://doi.org/10.1177/1056492615579914 Zyglidopoulos, S., & Fleming, P. (2008). Ethical Distance in Corrupt Firms: How Do Innocent

403

Bystanders Become Guilty Perpetrators? Journal of Business Ethics, 78(1), 265–274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9378-4 Zyglidopoulos, S., Fleming, P., & Rothenberg, S. (2009). Rationalization, Overcompensation and the Escalation of Corruption in Organizations. Journal of Business Ethics, 84(1), 65–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9685-4

404