DOCSLIB.ORG

Financial 8Yst«N in Tha Maratha Conlederacy: Income & Expcaiditmra

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Financial 8Yst«N in Tha Maratha Conlederacy: Income & Expcaiditmra CHAPTER FIVE Financial 8yst«n in tha Maratha Conlederacy: Income & Expcaiditmra 14: *_U‘ CHAPTER FIVE Financial System In the Maratha CcmfedTacy: Income and Expenditure The energies of Maratha swars and sardars were mainly directed towartis gaining m(Miey from the different autll^a of India* The Income of the Marathas collected under different heads had an Important place In the Maratha confederacy, as It was shared by them In different proportions* The syst«n of fanning the Income was adopted by the Marathas* The money collected was officially spent under different heads; the heads and the items of expenditure also were an Integral part of the confederacy. N The Peshwa and the sardars were usually not In a position to balance the Income and expenditure; tt^^mbalance Invariably resulted In the debts* (A) The system of keeping accounts In the Maratha Confederacy^ The Marathas followed the Shallvahan Shak and the Rajyabhlshek Shak started by Shlvajl. Under the ieshwas# however^ the Suhur «MMMr"or the Arbi year was mainly follovred In place of the two Hindu calendars* The Suhur year/started ^In/r^ughly^he first week of June or about 7th Jxuie, of the Christian calendar* 1 4 C N^rhe accounting ysar/ for the Marathas, was Suhur year, rhe t^jkirdai the~~)^atavan^^ and Ghadani^ w r « the main papers on which the inccwne and expenditure vfere entered* Rojkirda were the loose sheets of paper of every day on / o‘y a.c.cLcx^^'^ which pota l.e« Income In cash received various and front various sources was entered. The harki^ the qunheqarl> .> ■— / /\ the khandanl etc* were the Items of Incone entered In the rojkirda. The Peshwas many tiroes aske^ the saranjaindars to /pay certain sums of money to certain persons; these amounts were called as varata Wnd were entered In the accounts \inder the head rava-sudol* The Income In form of cloth and articles was entered tinder the head lamdarkhana while under iavahlrkhana precious stones and metals and the seals were credited* The Items of expenditure In case of ootHi, jamdarkhana and - Javahlrkhana were debited In the papers under the heads already mentioned* . The khatavani was called as beheda^ khatavani which was Tinritten from the kirda/. It was income and expenditure under head of a person or a mahal* The amounts like karjapatti|t^ saranjampatti received from the saranjamdar of a particular ■“ ■ — — — - - • ♦ ' malul, the varata given along with the date of the san^ given were entered. If a saranjamdar had more than cme mahal in saranjam, the accounts from all the mahals were entered under the head of the name of that ^arftnjamdair« v\ 144 The ohadanl was also loose paper cm ^ I c h the details of Inccme and expenditure from particular mahal or mahals/ given to a particular saran1amdar« the sanads issued regarding it were registered* Similarly, the expenditure which was , occasi<xial and incidental in nature, like devasthan. varshasan. - * —II - and was each entered on loose sheets bearing the head of the expenditure* (B) Inccnie of the Marathas and its place in the ^ar5.tiiiLgpn.€s4BFasy The Marathas collected various dues from the subhais of India* Were they, as the successors of the Mughals, aware of the total income of India in the eicrhteenth century ? What were the different dues that they collected and what was their place in the relationship between the Peshwa and the sardars^will have to be taken in ccxisideration* Income frcw the subt^ais of India f' The lama or the rasad from the t%#enty-two stibhas of India in the 17th and 18th centuries have been published in Marathi language* The earliest list, dated 6 June 1674, was made en orders of Shivaji and submitted to him at the time of his coronation. The ajji rasad from the twenty-two subhas according Aurang*eb's reign was prepared in Rudhirodgax L samvatsar i*e* 145 1803-1804; the total mentioned is rupee* 33,10,09,412. In the third 11 st^ of the year 1789 there la mention of tventy<.on« sxibhija and the total as rupees 50,75,35,029. The income from all the s ^ a j ^ o f India in the days of ShivaJi and Aurangzib was around rupees thirtythree crores. The income increased and in 1789 it was fifty crores; the figures indicate the rise in lama of India under the Marathas. Similar increase can be noted in case of north India, referred to as Hindustan by the Marathas* XgtaJi Amount (in rupees) 1674® 15,52,68,985 Rei<?n of Aurangzib^ 19,54,04,918 1789® 32,46,16,063 The Peshwas, however, received «ily a fracticwi of the total. The amounts which the Peshwas received from prant Hindustan and prant Gujrat (together forming north India) are separately given in four lists* The figures for Hindustan are as follows< Year Amount in Rc ./A s /Pj 1772-73® 1,29,27,568/13/1 1775-76^® 1,31,49,570/11/1 1781-82^^ 1,50,4 5,972 /9/1 1786-87^^ 1,51,05,972/10/0 146 Though the amounts gradually Increase In case of Hindustan, the amoxints for prant Gujrat go on declining* The figures for Gujrat are as follows s Year Amount in Rs«/As»/Ps» 1772-73^^ 15,26,053/9/9 1775-76^^ 15,29,255/9/9 1781-82^® 1,50,0 00/0/0 1786-87^® 6 ,2 2 ,6 4 1 /2 /0 The figures regarding Gujrat reflect upon lack of proper administration in post-Madhavrao Peshwa period* These lists also indicate that the Peshwa government did not follow the ^ ^ h ^ of the Mughals in maintaining the accounts; in the list in addition to grants Hindustan and Gujrat, prants Karnatak# Gangathadi, Varaghati and Khandesh are mentioned* ' (C) The Maratha Dues and their place in the Maratha A") Confederacy J - , The Chau^ , the garde shmukhi, the sayar pirere the regular dues collected by the Marathas and by 1729, karkuni^lso became a due collected by the M a r a t h a s *A ft e r the demise of Shahu, nazar )was added as an item of inccsme to be collected by the Peshwa from the Maratha sardars* Similarly, culukhgiri / ^ and fhasdaa^' were also collected by the Maratha sardars like Gaikwad and Bhcmsale* These various exactions and the sharing 147 of these exactions among the Peshwa and the Maratha sardars reqfulated the financial relations between the Peshwa and the sardars* In addition to these regular dues, the Maratha sardars collected irregular dues like antasthafand forcible I. Chauth The existence of the practice of exacting chauth in 18 pre-Shivaji periorl has been pointed out by S.N. Sen and Sardesai ; the village-managers of the district of Daman on their own made an agreement with a petty Rajput chief, ^ o came to be called as Raja Chauthia.^® Shivaji claimed the right when the region of Daman came under his control* Shivaji extended its application and its nature under Shivaji in the words of S*N. Sen, was "a military ccxitribution paid by the defenceless subjects of the enemy kingdoms and territories, for the protection of their lives and property from the invading Maratha army, which held 21 them*" The chauth, under Sambhaji and Rajaram, was of a similar nature* The change brought about in the days of Shahu has been aptly described by S.N. Sen^^i Shahu received as a pension what Shivaji had demanded as a tribute, and %^at Shivaji had offered as a favour Shahu xmdertook as an obligation. To the Mughal Government chauth still remained what it had originally been viz* the purchase price of peace and security; but 14H while in Aurangzlb's tlines Its demand Indicated defiance of Imperial authority. In Bahadur Shah's time it connoted unquestlcxied acknowledgement of the Emperor*s suzerainty* Shahu had sent officials like Shankaraji Narayan and Balaji Vlshwanath, along with the Maratha sardars like Santajl Bhaisale« to accompany and to support Hussein All Sayyad in the Delhi politics* It was with the help of the Marathas that Farrukhsiyar was deposed from the thrcne and Rafi Ud Oarjat was raised as the Emperor* The new Emperor* upon the suagestion of Sayyed brothers# gave the sanads of ^ chauth and sardeshmukhi to Shahu; while the sanad of chauth was given on 13 March 1719, that of sardeshmukhi was given on 24 March, 1719.^^ / , ---- y U i X l j ' ---------- " " n By the scmads, Shahu received the Impsri*! permission of collectingychauth from the six subhas of the Deccan; he was ^ t o maintain a Maratha force of 15«000 for sei^lce with the 24 , //G: f ,. / viceroy, of the Deccan. Phe official pennissl<xi^as, however, 0 ^ 1-f Med frori t i i e ^ y i l daf-tar of the. Oeccan. i C l rhe official sanad was renewed, upon the request of the vakil of Shahu in the reign of Emperor Muhamanad Shah on January 172cl and it was ordered that the share of the chauth should be given to the kamavisdars of Shahu. There were no other conditions attached to the right of 14a collecting chauth, except the maintenance of a force of 15«000* For the ganad of sardjietoukM# however* condlticxis regarding peace and order* protection of peasants were attached. Just as Shahu was anxious 4 ^ getting and renewing sanads troin the Mughal Emperor* he was always of the opinion that the collection of various dues should be made only with the sanction of his sanads; he reprimanded Sidoji Hiorat for having collected chauth west of the Panchaganga river* as he did not 27 have necessary sanads.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Siva Chhatrapati, Being a Translation of Sabhasad Bakhar with Extracts from Chitnis and Sivadigvijaya, with Notes
    SIVA CHHATRAPATI Extracts and Documents relating to Maratha History Vol. I SIVA CHHATRAPATI BEING A TRANSLATION OP SABHASAD BAKHAR WITH EXTRACTS FROM CHITNIS AND SIVADIGVTJAYA, WITH NOTES. BY SURENDRANATH SEN, M.A., Premchaxd Roychand Student, Lectcrer in MarItha History, Calcutta University, Ordinary Fellow, Indian Women's University, Poona. Formerly Professor of History and English Literature, Robertson College, Jubbulpore. Published by thz UNIVERSITY OF CALCUTTA 1920 PRINTED BY ATCLCHANDKA BHATTACHABYYA, AT THE CALCUTTA UNIVEB8ITY PEE 88, SENATE HOUSE, CALCUTTA " WW**, #rf?fW rT, SIWiMfT, ^R^fa srre ^rtfsre wwf* Ti^vtm PREFACE The present volume is the first of a series intended for those students of Maratha history who do not know Marathi. Original materials, both published and unpublished, have been accumulating for the last sixtv years and their volume often frightens the average student. Sir Asutosh Mookerjee, therefore, suggested that a selection in a handy form should be made where all the useful documents should be in- cluded. I must confess that no historical document has found a place in the present volume, but I felt that the chronicles or bakhars could not be excluded from the present series and I began with Sabhasad bakhar leaving the documents for a subsequent volume. This is by no means the first English rendering of Sabhasad. Jagannath Lakshman Mankar translated Sabhasad more than thirty years ago from a single manuscript. The late Dr. Vincent A. Smith over- estimated the value of Mankar's work mainly because he did not know its exact nature. A glance at the catalogue of Marathi manuscripts in the British Museum might have convinced him that the original Marathi Chronicle from which Mankar translated has not been lost.
    [Show full text]
  • Room Directory
    D I R EC TO RY BISWAJIT CHAKRABORTY BIENVENUE AU SOFITEL MUMBAI BKC Cher Hôte, A Sofitel hotel is of course synonymous with comfort and a warm welcome, but also offers much more, thanks to the dedicated professionalism of the men and women who are ready to provide you with all the services you might require during your stay. Our concierges, bellman, front desk, housekeepers, 1 room service and the rest of the staff will all be delighted to assist in any way they can, throughout your stay in Mumbai. Y R TO C Bon séjour au Sofitel Mumbai BKC, E R I Sincèrement, D M O O R BISWAJIT CHAKRABORTY GENER AL MANAGER 1 CONTENT SOMMAIRE 1 THE PHILOSOPHY OF GASTRONOMY 2 3 VOTRE RESTAURATION FRANCE AND INDIA SHARE A UNIQUE PASSION AND SAVOIR-FAIRE FOR GOURMET FOOD, THE TRUE LUXURY OF DAILY LIFE. Y Y R R TO TO THIS CAN BE EXPERIENCED IN TOWNS LIKE PUDUCHERRY (FORMERLY KNOWN AS C 2 C E E PONDICHERRY), WHICH WERE FRENCH COLONIES AT SOME TIME AND CONTINUE TO R R I VOS SERVICES I CARRY THE RICH FRENCH HERITAGE AND FOOD CULTURE, INFUSED WITH INDIAN D D FLAVOURS. M M O O O O R 3 R INDIAN CUISINE IN ITSELF IS DIVERSE. EACH REGION HAS ITS FLAVOURS THAT SUIT THE RESOURCES AND CLIMATE OF THE AREA. OUR CHEFS EXPLORE THE RICHNESS OF REGIONAL INDIAN CUISINES FOUND THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY AND ADD A SUBTLE VOTRE FORME ET BIEN-ÊTRE FRENCH TOUCH. SOFITEL MUMBAI BKC OFFERS THE BEST BREAD IN TOWN, DELECTABLE PATISSERIES 4 AND AN UNPARALLELED WINE LIST.
    [Show full text]
  • Sources of Maratha History: Indian Sources
    1 SOURCES OF MARATHA HISTORY: INDIAN SOURCES Unit Structure : 1.0 Objectives 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Maratha Sources 1.3 Sanskrit Sources 1.4 Hindi Sources 1.5 Persian Sources 1.6 Summary 1.7 Additional Readings 1.8 Questions 1.0 OBJECTIVES After the completion of study of this unit the student will be able to:- 1. Understand the Marathi sources of the history of Marathas. 2. Explain the matter written in all Bakhars ranging from Sabhasad Bakhar to Tanjore Bakhar. 3. Know Shakavalies as a source of Maratha history. 4. Comprehend official files and diaries as source of Maratha history. 5. Understand the Sanskrit sources of the Maratha history. 6. Explain the Hindi sources of Maratha history. 7. Know the Persian sources of Maratha history. 1.1 INTRODUCTION The history of Marathas can be best studied with the help of first hand source material like Bakhars, State papers, court Histories, Chronicles and accounts of contemporary travelers, who came to India and made observations of Maharashtra during the period of Marathas. The Maratha scholars and historians had worked hard to construct the history of the land and people of Maharashtra. Among such scholars people like Kashinath Sane, Rajwade, Khare and Parasnis were well known luminaries in this field of history writing of Maratha. Kashinath Sane published a mass of original material like Bakhars, Sanads, letters and other state papers in his journal Kavyetihas Samgraha for more eleven years during the nineteenth century. There is much more them contribution of the Bharat Itihas Sanshodhan Mandal, Pune to this regard.
    [Show full text]
  • India's Missed Opportunity: Bajirao and Chhatrapati
    India's Missed Opportunity: Bajirao and Chhatrapati By Gautam Pingle, Published: 25th December 2015 06:00 AM http://www.newindianexpress.com/columns/Indias-Missed-Opportunity-Bajirao-and- Chhatrapati/2015/12/25/article3194499.ece The film Bajirao Mastani has brought attention to a critical phase in Indian history. The record — not so much the film script — is relatively clear and raises important issues that determined the course of governance in India in the 18th century and beyond. First, the scene. The Mughal Empire has been tottering since Shah Jahan’s time, for it had no vision for the country and people and was bankrupt. Shah Jahan and his son Aurangzeb complained they were not able to collect even one-tenth of the agricultural taxes they levied (50 per cent of the crop) on the population. As a result, they were unable to pay their officials. This meant that the Mughal elite had to be endlessly turned over as one set of officials and generals were given the jagirs-in-lieu-of-salaries of their predecessors (whose wealth was seized by the Emperor). The elite became carnivorous, rapacious and rebellious accelerating the dissolution of the state. Yet, the Mughal Empire had enough strength and need to indulge in a land grab and loot policy. Second, the Deccan Sultanates were enormously rich because they had a tolerable taxation system which encouraged local agriculture and commerce. The Sultans ruled a Hindu population through a combined Hindu rural and urban elite and a Muslim armed force. This had established a general ‘peace’ between the Muslim rulers and the Hindu population.
    [Show full text]
  • Shivaji the Great
    SHIVAJI THE GREAT BY BAL KRISHNA, M. A., PH. D., Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society. the Royal Economic Society. London, etc. Professor of Economics and Principal, Rajaram College, Kolhapur, India Part IV Shivaji, The Man and His .Work THE ARYA BOOK DEPOT, Kolhapur COPYRIGHT 1940 the Author Published by The Anther A Note on the Author Dr. Balkrisbna came of a Ksbatriya family of Multan, in the Punjab* Born in 1882, be spent bis boyhood in struggles against mediocrity. For after completing bis primary education he was first apprenticed to a jewel-threader and then to a tailor. It appeared as if he would settle down as a tailor when by a fortunate turn of events he found himself in a Middle Vernacular School. He gave the first sign of talents by standing first in the Vernacular Final ^Examination. Then he joined the Multan High School and passed en to the D. A. V. College, Lahore, from where he took his B. A* degree. Then be joined the Government College, Lahore, and passed bis M. A. with high distinction. During the last part of bis College career, be came under the influence of some great Indian political leaders, especially of Lala Lajpatrai, Sardar Ajitsingh and the Honourable Gopal Krishna Gokhale, and in 1908-9 took an active part in politics. But soon after he was drawn more powerfully to the Arya Samaj. His high place in the M. A. examination would have helped him to a promising career under the Government, but he chose differently. He joined Lala Munshiram ( later Swami Shraddha- Btnd ) *s a worker in the Guruk.ul, Kangri.
    [Show full text]
  • GIPE-248676-Contents.Pdf (2.661Mb)
    APPENDIX (I) A. SHORT NOTE ON THE PHOTOGRAPHS INSERTED IN THE Boox. No. 1. Shivaji's Seals and Coins: is a plain design including two seals, one gold coin and seven copper pieces ascribed to Shivaji., No.1 Is the principal seal used long before his corona• cion, from his very childhood and continued even after that Kignificant ceremony. The inscription, thus, is devoid of any royal insignia. Dignified in its plain majesty, the couplet, freely' rendered, reads-'This seal of Shiva, the son of Shiha. waxing ( daily ) like the crescent of the moon and adored by the universe, 11hines with benevolent splendour'. No.2 Is the closing seal and reads 'here', the limit.' No.3 Represents the obverse and reverse of a gold 'Mohur' of Shiv~ji, and bears the usual legend 'Shri RajJ. Shiva' on one aide and 'Chhatrapati' on the other. N 01. ' to 8 are the usual copper pieces called 'Shivarli.' with similar legends imprinted. No.5 bears the whole legend in full. Others carry it only partially, Nos • .& and 8 showing op.ly one letter e&ch. No. ' including nothing of regal significance ie considered to h&ve been struck before the Coronation. Nos. 9 & 10 &;e tokens of lighter weight and were known w a Ruka and Dam respectively. No. :a A Page from the Factory Record.-Thi• is inserted to ,i.,e ihe readers some idea of the nature of the or1ine.l mit.teri&l r 353 Appendix from which the extracts are made. Caref'qlly studied, the photo. graph affords a considerable knowledge of the spelling, caligraphy and similar other things in which a student ls interested.
    [Show full text]
  • Shivaji the Founder of Maratha Swaraj
    26 B. I. S. M. Puraskrita Grantha Mali, No. SHIVAJI THE FOUNDER OF MARATHA SWARAJ BY C. V. VAIDYA, M. A., LL. B. Fellow, University of Bombay, Vice-Ctianct-llor, Tilak University; t Bharat-Itihasa-Shamshndhak Mandal, Poona* POON)k 1931 PRICE B8. 3 : B. Printed by S. R. Sardesai, B. A. LL. f at the Navin ' * Samarth Vidyalaya's Samarth Bharat Press, Sadoshiv Peth, Poona 2. BY THE SAME AUTHOR : Price Rs* as. Mahabharat : A Criticism 2 8 Riddle of the Ramayana ( In Press ) 2 Epic India ,, 30 BOMBAY BOOK DEPOT, BOMBAY History of Mediaeval Hindu India Vol. I. Harsha and Later Kings 6 8 Vol. II. Early History of Rajputs 6 8 Vol. 111. Downfall of Hindu India 7 8 D. B. TARAPOREWALLA & SONS History of Sanskrit Literature Vedic Period ... ... 10 ARYABHUSHAN PRESS, POONA, AND BOOK-SELLERS IN BOMBAY Published by : C. V. Vaidya, at 314. Sadashiv Peth. POONA CITY. INSCRIBED WITH PERMISSION TO SHRI. BHAWANRAO SHINIVASRAO ALIAS BALASAHEB PANT PRATINIDHI,B.A., Chief of Aundh In respectful appreciation of his deep study of Maratha history and his ardent admiration of Shivaji Maharaj, THE FOUNDER OF MARATHA SWARAJ PREFACE The records in Maharashtra and other places bearing on Shivaji's life are still being searched out and collected in the Shiva-Charitra-Karyalaya founded by the Bharata- Itihasa-Samshodhak Mandal of Poona and important papers bearing on Shivaji's doings are being discovered from day to day. It is, therefore, not yet time, according to many, to write an authentic lifetof this great hero of Maha- rashtra and 1 hesitated for some time to undertake this work suggested to me by Shrimant Balasaheb Pant Prati- nidhi, Chief of Aundh.
    [Show full text]
  • FORTS of INDIA Anurit Vema
    FORTS OF INDIA Anurit Vema *'9^7” \ < > k M' . J . i <• : » I : *='>- >.% ' nvjl •I' 4 V FORTS OF INDIA ■ \ f 0i''. ■ V'; ’ V, , ’' I* ;■'; -r^/A ci''> Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2018 with funding from Public.Resource.org https ;//archive.org/details/fortsofindiaOOverm JAMkJ AND KASHMIR FORTS OF INDIA HARIPARBAT "■^Arot kangraW ( HIMACHAL\ ( .' V.PRADESH\ r PUNJAB S', i /kalibangM ■'HARYANA > ARUNACHAL PRADESH ®BIKANER \ A/ D. AMBEr'f-X UTTAR PRADESH^-'... ® RAJASTHAN ® X BHUTAN "'^JAISALMER BHARATPUR’^A--^,@i®/lGPA JODHPUR /^^f^ji^^i^gff^j^^®^ BWALIOR J ALLAHABAD ROHTASGARH MEGHALAYA 'KUMBHALGARH % (\ \ ®\ .0 n.1 , ^•‘-fCHUHAR BANGLADESH TRIPURA f AHtAADABAD ■> WEST C !■ r'^' BENGALI, ® .^XHAMPANIR MADHYA PRADESH FORT WILLIAM A RAT /rOABHOlV ®MANDU BURMA DAULATABAD MAHARASHTRA ^AHMEDNABAR SHJVNER ARABIAN SEA mSINHGARH l\i,' WARANGAL 1, bay of BENGAL RAIGARH . /“ < GULBARGA GOLKUNOA PANHALA BIJAPUR JANDHRA PRADESH VUAYANAGAR iKARNATAKA| '^RJRANGAPATAM m GINGEEi LAKSHADWEEP (INDIA) SRI \ INDIAN OCEAN LANKA 6aMd upon Survey ol India outline map printed in 1980 The territorial waters of India extend into the sea to a distance of twelve nautical miles measured from the appropriate base line. ) Government of India copyrliht. The twundary of Meghalaya shown on this map is as interpreted from the Nonh-Eestern Areas (Reorgamaaiion) Act, 1971. but has yet to be venlied 49 FORTS OF INDIA AMRIT VERMA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION MINISTRY OF INFORMATION AND BROADCASTING GOVERNMENT OF INDIA May 1985 {Jyaistha 1907) ® Publications Division Price
    [Show full text]
  • Relations of Thb «Adil Shahs of Bijapur with the Marathas
    CHAPTER TII RELATIONS OF THB «ADIL SHAHS OF BIJAPUR WITH THE MARATHAS SEC. It BACKGROUND At the time of the establishment of the 'Adil Shahl Kingdom In 895/1 ^ 9 there did not exist any Maratha State, Most of the Maratha chieftains, holding hilly forts, were already absorbed In that terrltoiy of the BahmanI Kingdom which later on constituted the Bljapur Kingdom. Those who were outside the Jurisdiction of the original Bljapur Kingdom were gradually brought under the suzerainty of Yusuf 'Adll Shah and his successors. ConseQuently ythe Bljapur Kingdom extended over almost the entire Maratha / country. And hence, the deaograi^ic factors and the social structure which was preralllng in the Deccan necesslated the esta­ blishment of cordlaG. social relations between the Bljapurl rulers and the Marathas for peaceful co-existence and the integration of the Kingdom. Thus, Tusuf »Adil ffliah from the very beginning - within two years after the founding of his-Sultanate, adopted the policy of reconciliatlng the Maratha chieftains in his kingdom by granting them jagir and mangab. And in order to establish intimate rela­ tions with the Marathas, it is said that he married the sister of :i4« Mukund Rao, and gave her the title of "Bibl Khanua”. Her son was Isma’Il 'Adil, second ruler of 'Adil Shahl dynasty; and her three daughters were married to the three Sultans of the Deccan Kingdoms. Likewise! following Into the foot-steps of the founder of the dynasty, his successors showed a greater preference for the Marathas, both as men of business and as soldiers. Ibrahim 'Adil r Shah Improved the system of keeping accounts in Marathi and intro­ duced the |ystem of writing Important documents both in Persian ' and Marathi(Modl Script).
    [Show full text]
  • Department of History
    H.H. THE RAJAHA’S COLLEGE (AUTO), PUDUKKOTTAI - 622001 Department of History II MA HISTORY HISTORY OF INDIA FROM 1707 TO 1947 C.E THIRD SEMESTER 18PHS7 MA HISTORY SEMESTER : III SUB CODE : 18PHS7 CORE COURSE : CCVIII CREDIT : 5 HISTORY OF INDIA FROM 1707 TO 1947 C.E Objectives ● To understand the colonial hegemony in India ● To Inculcate the knowledge of solidarity shown by Indians against British government ● To know about the social reform sense through the historical process. ● To know the effect of the British rule in India. ● To know the educational developments and introduction of Press in India. ● To understand the industrial and agricultural bases set by the British for further developments UNIT – I Decline of Mughals and Establishment of British Rule in India Sources – Decline of Mughal Empire – Later Mughals – Rise of Marathas – Ascendancy under the Peshwas – Establishment of British Rule – the French and the British rivalry – Mysore – Marathas Confederacy – Punjab Sikhs – Afghans. UNIT – II Structure of British Raj upto 1857 Colonial Economy – Rein of Rural Economy – Industrial Development – Zamindari system – Ryotwari – Mahalwari system – Subsidiary Alliances – Policy on Non intervention – Doctrine of Lapse – 1857 Revolt – Re-organization in 1858. UNIT – III Social and cultural impact of colonial rule Social reforms – English Education – Press – Christian Missionaries – Communication – Public services – Viceroyalty – Canning to Curzon. ii UNIT – IV India towards Freedom Phase I 1885-1905 – Policy of mendicancy – Phase II 1905-1919 – Moderates – Extremists – terrorists – Home Rule Movement – Jallianwala Bagh – Phase III 1920- 1947 – Gandhian Era – Swaraj party – simon commission – Jinnah‘s 14 points – Partition – Independence. UNIT – V Constitutional Development from 1773 to 1947 Regulating Act of 1773 – Charter Acts – Queen Proclamation – Minto-Morley reforms – Montague Chelmsford reforms – govt.
    [Show full text]
  • 4. Maharashtra Before the Times of Shivaji Maharaj
    The Coordination Committee formed by GR No. Abhyas - 2116/(Pra.Kra.43/16) SD - 4 Dated 25.4.2016 has given approval to prescribe this textbook in its meeting held on 3.3.2017 HISTORY AND CIVICS STANDARD SEVEN Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum Research, Pune - 411 004. First Edition : 2017 © Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum Research, Reprint : September 2020 Pune - 411 004. The Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum Research reserves all rights relating to the book. No part of this book should be reproduced without the written permission of the Director, Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum Research, ‘Balbharati’, Senapati Bapat Marg, Pune 411004. History Subject Committee : Cartographer : Dr Sadanand More, Chairman Shri. Ravikiran Jadhav Shri. Mohan Shete, Member Coordination : Shri. Pandurang Balkawade, Member Mogal Jadhav Dr Abhiram Dixit, Member Special Officer, History and Civics Shri. Bapusaheb Shinde, Member Varsha Sarode Shri. Balkrishna Chopde, Member Subject Assistant, History and Civics Shri. Prashant Sarudkar, Member Shri. Mogal Jadhav, Member-Secretary Translation : Shri. Aniruddha Chitnis Civics Subject Committee : Shri. Sushrut Kulkarni Dr Shrikant Paranjape, Chairman Smt. Aarti Khatu Prof. Sadhana Kulkarni, Member Scrutiny : Dr Mohan Kashikar, Member Dr Ganesh Raut Shri. Vaijnath Kale, Member Prof. Sadhana Kulkarni Shri. Mogal Jadhav, Member-Secretary Coordination : Dhanavanti Hardikar History and Civics Study Group : Academic Secretary for Languages Shri. Rahul Prabhu Dr Raosaheb Shelke Shri. Sanjay Vazarekar Shri. Mariba Chandanshive Santosh J. Pawar Assistant Special Officer, English Shri. Subhash Rathod Shri. Santosh Shinde Smt Sunita Dalvi Dr Satish Chaple Typesetting : Dr Shivani Limaye Shri.
    [Show full text]
  • Raja Shiv Chhatrapati
    Raja Shiv Chhatrapati 1 Kavi Bhushan’s Poem इंद्र जजमम जंभपर ,बाढव सुअंभ पर, रावन सदंभ पर,रघकु ु ऱराज है ! पौन बाररबाह पर,संभु रतिनाह पर, 煍यⴂ सहसबाह पर,राम 饍ववजराज है ! दावा द्रमु दंड पर,चीिा मगृ झंुड पर, भूषन वविंडु पर,जैसे मगृ राज है ! िेज िम अंस पर,काꅍह जजमम कंस पर, 配यⴂ ममऱ楍छ बंस पर,सेर मसवराज है ! 2 Pre – Shivaji Period 3 Yadavas of Devagiri 4 Annexed by Allauddin Khalji 5 Dark Era • 1294 A.D. Delhi Sultan Allauddin Khalji defeated Ramdev Yadav. • 1313 A.D. Malik Kafur defeated Shankardev Yadav. • 1317 A.D. Kutubuddin Khalji defeated Harpal Dev. Devagiri renamed as Daulatabad. 6 Dark Era.. • 1347 A.D. Alaudin Hasan established Bahamani Sultanate. • 1510 A.D. Portuguese rule established in Gomantak. • Bahamani Sultanate splited into 5 independent Sultanate. • 1565 A.D. Alliance of Adilshahi, Nizamshahi & Qutubshahi defeated Vijaynagar Empire. 7 Saints in Maharashtra 8 Malik Ambar 9 Shahji Raje Bhosale 10 Jijabai 11 Lakhuji Raje Jadhav 12 Shahji’s Struggle • 1629 A.D. Nizamshah assassinated Lakhuji Jadhav in the court. • Shahji Raje left Adilshahi and attempted to establish independent kingdom at Pune. • Adilshahi army destroyed Pune. • Shahji Raje joined Mughal Service. 13 Shivaji’s Birth 14 Shahji’s Struggle • After Malik Ambar’s death Shahji again joined Nizamshahi. • Ruled Nizamshahi with puppet Badshah. • Mughal-Adilshahi allied forces annexed Nizamshah. • Shahji Raje again joined Adilshahi according to treaty. 15 Pune Re-established 16 Training 17 Idea of Hindavi Swarajya • 1640 A.D.
    [Show full text]