Vol. XIV Nos. 7/8 July/August, 1959 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE ASSOCIATION OF JEWISH REFUGEES IN GREAT BRITAIN 8 FAIRFAX MANSIONS. O^ce and Consulting Hours: FINCHLEY ROAD (Corntr FaiKax Road), Monday to Thunday 10 a.m.—I p.m. 3—6 p.i LONDON, N.WJ Friday 10 a.m.—I p.m. Telephone: MAIda Vale 9096/7 (Ganeral Offica) MAIda Vale 4449 (Employment Ascncy and Social Services Dept.)

Thc legal position was outlined in a compre­ hensive article written by the Legal Correspondent TAKING UP THE THREAD of the Manchester Guardian on June 24th, headed •' Nazi Victims Hope for British Change of Heart." For the first time in the course of its fourteen under discussion. The reason, it is learned, was The article was endorsed by Professor Norman years of existence AJR Information could, due to that, meanwhile, the matter had been taken up Bentwich in a Letler to the Editor, which appeared the printing dispute, not be published in time. The through diplomatic channels, and that a few days on July Sth. " The position here is anomalous," present edition serves as a double issue for the prior to the meeting the Foreign Office had Professor Bentwich wrote, " because not only the months July and August. Next month's issue received a memorandum from the German Federal German Government but also the Governments will, it is hoped, appear in the middle of Septem- Republic proposing that the tax jurisdiction in of the United States, France, the Scandinavian '>er, and from October we shall revert to the usual respect of indemnification annuities should be left countries, Greece, Israel, and others, have made publication dates early in the month. We apologise to the Federal Republic, which exempts the such payments free of tax." to our readers and advertisers for any incon­ annuities from income tax; a supplementary The understanding displayed for our case by venience caused. Apart from the delay in giving clause to that effect would bring the Anglo- leading newspapers and prominent personalities is information on general developments we have had German Double Taxation Convention into line most gratifying, and we sincerely hope that the •o hold over personal items, such as birthday with the Conventions concluded by the Federal authorities now in charge will take this into tributes, and we regret that some of them will Republic with other countries. By the submission account when giving the matter their consideration. reach our readers after the events. of the memorandum the matter had been raised As regards the actual compensation payments, from the administrative level to the political level certain arrangements between the Laender and a Taxation and ifs consideration would have been outside the conference on the highest level, under the chair­ competence of the departmental representatives of manship of Bundeskanzler Dr. Adenauer, are Trying to catch up with the happenings of the the two countries who were in charge of the nego­ regarded as a decisive progress in the adequate past months, first reference has to be made to a tiations. Thus the present position is that the final and speedy settlement of the claims. Reports matter in which the AJR has been particularly outcome will now depend on the decision to be about both subjects are published in this issue. active during that period : the taxability of taken by the United Kingdom on Governmental It is expected that a meeting at which the practical annuities paid under the Federal Indemnification level. steps will be worked out will take place early Law. As reported in the June issue, cflforts to in October. have an exemption clause incorporated into the Finance Act. which had been unsuccessful in 1957 A LetJer to "The Times" and 1958, were resumed, and a motion to that World Refugee Year effect was tabled by Liberal Members of Parlia­ In the meantime, concern about the taxability of the annuities has been expressed in various While, so far, we have dealt with questions con­ ment. As in previous years the clause was sup­ cerning our own demands, there is one paramount ported by Members of all three parties, but when papers in this country. Over the signature of the Archbishop of Vork and other distinguished per­ task which calls for our activities on behalf of the Finance Bill was considered in the House fhe others : efforts to raise funds under the auspices motion was not called. The matter was also raised sonalities, the following Letter to the Editor was published in The Times on July 20th : of the World Refugee Year, about which we in the House of Lords by the Marquess of Read­ reported in our previous issue. Several of our ing (see announcement in this issue under " In " Sir,—Negotiations between the British and friends have, on their own initiative, sent donations Parliament "). Federal German Governments on the taxation to us, which we have forwarded to the appro­ In July representatives of the British and Ger­ of annuities paid to the victims of Nazism now priate quarters. Others have asked us for advice man tax authorities met in London to continue living in this country are about to be resumed. as to the way in which they could render their their negotiations, started in Bonn early this year, At present Great Britain is almost alone in levy­ assistance. The position is that in this country on certain points of the Anglo-German Double ing taxes on these payments and even the Inland the scheme is operating through two channels : Taxation Convention. The taxability of the Revenue makes an exception for annuities paid the Central Fund of the United Kingdom Com­ indemnification annuities did not. however, come for physical injury. mittee of World Refugee Year, and the supporting "The Treasury has in the past refused to refugee agencies which are members of the U.K. extend tax exemption to all the annuities on the Committee. The proceeds of the Central Fund Members and friends of the AJR ore herewith grounds that it cannot allow a privilege to are used for the four principal objectives of the refugees which is denied to British war pen­ U.K. Committee, i.e., assistance to refugees in cordiolly invited to a sioners. But the refugees' annuities are paid Europe, many of whom have lived in camps for by the German Government, which has made as long as fourteen years ; resettlement of Euro­ them exempt from taxation in the Federal pean refugees from China: aid for Chinese MEETING Republic and has taken this exemption into refugees in Hong Kong and aid for Palestine under the auspices of the Leo Baeck Institute account in fixing the size of the annuities. The refugees. At the same time, the supporting refugee Treasury's policy, therefore, frustrates the inten­ agencies (United Nations Association, Quakers, to be held on tion of the German compensation law. etc.) will be out to raise money during the Refugee MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 1959, at 8 p.m. "Under 5.000 annuities are subject to the Year, which will be used partly to intensify their own activities and partly allocated to projects, at 51, BELSIZE SQUARE, LONDON, N.W.S Treasury's discrimination. The recipients are people who have suffered greatly in the past approved by them, within one or more of the (between Swiss Cottage and Belsize Park four objectives of the Cen'ral Fund. Three Jewish Underground stations) and most of them are old and sick. \ It would surely be in the spirit of the World Refugee refugee agencies, the Central British Fund. Ort. Addresses will be delivered by : Year, and of British tradition, if the Govem­ and Ose. have combined their efforts by launching ment extended exemption to all the compensa- a " Combined Overseas Rehabilitation and Refugee Professor Dr. G. SCHOLEM [ tion payments. Appeal" ("C.O.R.R.A."), and supporters should (Hebrew University, Jerusalem) send their donations to the headquarters of 'Yours faithfully, "C.O.R.R.A."—Wobum House, Upper Wobum on Place, London, W.C.1. Readers who also wish to "JUEDISCHE WISSENSCHAFT Michael Ebor, Roger Cicester, Pakenham. render their support directly to the Central Fund Violet Bonham Carter, John Foster, should address their payments to : The U.K. EINST UND JETZT" Anthony Greenwood, Donald Wade. Committee, World Refugee Year, 9 Grosvenor Professor Dr. ERNST SIMON Nathaniel Micklem." Crescent, London, S.W.l. For us there is a two­ (Hebrew University, Jerusalem) Under the heading " Petty," the News Chronicle fold obligation : as former refugees we should of July 21st published a leading article on similar feel a special obligation towards those fellow-Jews on lines. It was a pity, the article stated, that Britain's who are still unsettled. At the same time, all of "UNSER JUEDISCHES UND proud record towards the persecuted was " marred us will agree with the views, expressed by Profes­ by minor examples of meanness. . . . No financial sor Norman Bentwich, in a letter recently pub­ EUROPAEISCHES BILDUNGSGUT" compensation can ever assuage the sufferings of lished in The Jewish Chronicle : "We received Rabbi Dr. MAX GRUENEWALD (New York) and these people. But it is up to those of us who great help for Jewish refugees in the post-war Dr. HANS LIEBESCHUETZ (Liverpool), of fhe have never experienced the horrors of publicly world from the Intemational Refugee Organisa­ American and British Sections of the Institute, orsanised persecution not to add to their burdens." tion of the Uni'ed Nations, and from the High will also 5f>eak. A letter on the same subject was also published in Commissioner himself. Now is the opportunity Dr. S. MOSES (Jerusalem), President of the Institute, the Daily Mirror of Julv 24 over the pseudonym will be in the Chair. " Fair Play." Continued on page 2. column 3 Page 2 AJR INFORMATION July/August, 1959 INDEMNIFICATION NEWS In Parliament AUSTRIAN FUND FOR PROPERTY WICHTIGE ERGAENZUNG ZUM LOSSES ALTSPARERGESETZ Taxation of Nazi Victims' Compensation Announcement by Foreign 0£Rce Das Altsparergesetz (ASpG) hat durch das 2. On June 24th the Marquis of Reading, in the Gesetz zur Aenderung des ASpG v. 4.2.1959 House of Lords, asked whether any, and if so The following announcement has been made by (BGBl 1959 Teil I S.29) eine wichtige Ergaen­ what, categories of payments made by the Govern­ the Foreign Office: zung erfahren. Durch den neu eingefuegten §2b ment of the German Federal Republic by way of "The Government of Austria has agreed to mit der Ueberschrift " Reichsmarkansprueche compensation to refugees from the Nazi regime estabhsh a Fund (to be known as the ' Fund gegen die offentliche Hand" sind den in §2 were subjected to United Kingdom taxation. I" for the Settlement of Certain Property Losses of Abs. 1 Nr. 1 bis 6 aufgefuehrten Sparanlagen his reply the Minister without Portfolio, the Earl gleichgestellt of Dundee, listed the categories of payments and Political Persecutees') for the settlement of their respective treatment for U.K. tax purposes, certain claims by persons whose property 1. die in §30 Nr. I bis 3 und 5 des Allgemeinen and added that the treatment of all categories or assets were the subject of forced transfer or Krieg&folgengesetzes vom 5. November followed the treatment which would be accorded confiscation by the Nazi authorities because of 1957 (BGBl I S.1447) aufgefuehrten Kapi­ under the income tax law to compensation pay­ the racial origin or religion of their owner, or talansprueche gegen das Deutsche Reich ments of a similar nature received from other in the course of other persecution between einschliesslich der Sondervermoegen Deutsche sources by persons resident in this country. In March 13, 1938, and May 8, 1945. Benefits Reichsbahn und Deutsche Reichspost sowie answer to Lord Reading's supplementary question under the Fund will be available irrespective das ehemalige Land Preussen, as to whether the U.K. was the only country of the nationality and place of residence of 2. Schuldverschreibungen der Lander, Gemein­ which imposed taxation on payments of this kind, those concemed. The Fund will have a capital den und Gemeindeverbaende einschliesslich the Earl of Dundee replied : " No. ... In Ger­ of the equivalent of $6 million plus 10 per cent der Schuldbuchforderungen. many taxa'ion is not imposed: but I should of this amount for administrative costs. Zu den vorgenannten Anspruechen gehoeren require notice in regard to other countries." The " Notes have been exchanged between Her insbesondere Kapitalansprueche, die in Schuld­ Marquis of Reading: " My noble friend will have Majesty's Govemment and the Austrian Govem­ verschreibungen und verzinslichen Schatzan- the notice in due course." ment concerning this Fund and the Exchange weistmgen verbrieft und in einer dem Allgemeinen will be laid before Parliament as a White Paper Kriegsfolgengesetz (AKG) beigefuegten Liste Visits From East Germany very shortly. aufgefuehrt, ferner Kapitalansprueche, die im Reichsschuldbuch eingetragen sind. In reply to a question as regards travel restric­ " Austrian legislation will now be necessary to tions and difficulties experienced by residents in establish the Fund. A further announcement Durch das vorgenannte Gesetz v.4.2.1959 ist East Germany in obtaining temporary travel docu­ will be made in due course about the procedure ferner der §24 des ASpG unter der Ueberschrift ments from the Allied Control Office in Berlin to to be followed in submitting claims." " Rueckerstattungsfaelle " neu formuliert worden. Nach dieser Vorschrift steht, sofern in einem visit the United Kingdom, the Secretary of State The establishment of the Fund for the settle­ Rueckerstattungsverfahren einem Rueckerstat­ for Foreign Affairs stated that a temporary travel ment of certain property losses is a result of very tungsberechtigten eine Altsparanlage oder eine document and a United Kingdom visa had to be long and difficult negotiations between the British, Ersatzleistung zugesprochen ist. dem Ruecker­ obtained. The former was necessary owing to American and French Governments on the one stattungsberechtigten auch der Entschaedigungs­ Her Majesty's Government's non-recognition of hand and the Austrian Government on the other anspruch nach dem ASpG zu. the East German regime and, consequently, of in connection with the implementation of Article East German passports. Except that it could not 26 of the Austrian State Treaty. The Allied Aus den vorgenannten Bestimmungen des be issued to holders of Federal German passports, Governments reached the conclusion that the ASpG, in Verbindung mit den Vorschriften des there were no restrictions on the issue of this final offer of the Austrian Government was the AKG und des Bundesrueckerstattungsgesetzes document. It could normally be obtained in three highest which could be attained and therefore (BRueG), ergibt sich folgendes, wobei zu unter­ weeks from the Allied Travel Office, and in cases decided to accept it. scheiden ist ob die Sparanlage (im vorgenannten of urgency in three or four days. Sinne) noch im Zeitpunkt der Waehrungsum­ The very name of the Fund indicates that it is stellung (21.6.1948) auf den Namen des Verfolgten In a further statement, the Home Secretary intended only to settle certain property losses of verbucht oder ob sie vom Reich effektiv entzogen declared that visas were granted without difficulty political persecutees—in accordance with informa­ worden war. and undue delay, provided that the applicant was tion received by us mainly bank accounts, personally acceptable and that the Home Office securities, Reichsfluchtsteuer and Judenver­ War die Sparanlage zu dem angegebenen Zeit­ was reasonably satisfied that he would be able mogensabgabe. punkt noch verbucht, so hat der Berechtigte nach and willing to leave when the period for which dem AKG einen Anspruch in Hoehe von 10% his visit was authorised expired. It is believed that the Statutes of the Fund will des Nennbetrages, der in das von der Bundes­ provide the most equitable distribution of the schuldenverwaltung gefuehrte Schuldbuch einge­ limited sum at the disposal of the Fund by tragen wird. Der Berechtigte hat ferner nach privileged treatment for small claims and priority dem ASpG einen Entschaedigungsanspruch gegen Taking up the Thread payment for people over 70 years of age. die Bundesrepublik (Ausgleichsfonds). dessen Bearbeitung der Bank obliegt, bei der die Aniage Continued from front page Specified Property Losses Only verbucht war. and the call for Jews in return to help non-Jewish War dagegen die Sparanlage vom Reich refugees in a cause of humanity." It should be clearly kept in mind that the present eingezogen worden, so hat der Verfolgte oder sein Lastly, we want to draw attention to the public settlement concerns specified property losses. It Rechtsnachfolger ausschliesslich einen Entschaedi­ meeting to be held under the auspices of the Leo is therefore a settlement in lieu of restitution. The gungsanspruch nach dem BRueG. Die Hoehe Baeck Institute on September 7th, at 51 Belsize question of compensation for victims of the Nazi dieser Entschaedigung betraegt 10% nach dem Square, London, N.W.3. The meeting, which is regime in Austria, in particular for loss of liveli­ AKG, auf das §20 BRueG verweist, plus 10% the first public function of the Institute in this hood, professional advancement, and of educational nach dem ASpG, zuzueglich 25% der Entschaedi­ country, will be held on the occasion of the Insti­ opportunities still remains open and is in no way gung nach dem AKG (gemaess §16 BRueG). tute's Board meeting in London. During the short affected by the present settlement. The intensive Auf die Rechtsfrage ob es noch, mit Ruecksicht time of its existence the Leo Baeck Institute has efforts of the Committee for Jewish Claims on auf die Aenderung des ASpG, einer ergaenzenden done most essential spadework in preserving for Austria (including the Council of Jews from Regelung im BRueG bedaif, soil hier nicht naeher posterity a comprehensive picture of modern Austria and the Federation of Austrian Jewish eingegangen werden. German-Jewish his'ory. Three Year Books have Communities) to obtain extension and improve­ Das ASpG in der Fassung v.l.4.1959 ist im been published under the editorship of Dr. Robert ment in the Austrian intemal indemnification will Bundesgesetzbl. J Nr.I3 S.169ff veroeffentlicht Weltsch (London), and a fourth volume will have to continue. worden. shortly be ready. Further information will be published in this paper as soon as the Statute of the new Fund has PAYMENTS BY AUSTRIAN HILFSFONDS Achievements of Leo Baeck Institute been promulgated. According to a statement made in Vienna, up to A number of monographs have also been pu''' April 30th, 1959, over 395 million Austrian lished under the auspices of the Institute, and Schillings had been paid out by the Hilfsfonds. various schemes for research work have been AUSZAHLUNGEN VON ZUWENDUNGEN Of this amount, approximately 175 million was sponsored by the headquarters in Jerusalem. A collection of unique documentary material has f DURCH DEN OESTERREICHISCHEN paid to victims in the United States, 64 million HILFSFONDS to victims in England, 66 million to victims in been built up and is steadily being expanded by Israel and 91 million to victims in other countries. the U.S.A. sec-ion in New York. The Leo Baeck Der Austrian Desk des United Restitution Institute was founded by the " Council of Jews Office wurde vpn der Geschaeftsfuehrung des BENEFITS FOR POLISH VICTIMS from Germany," of which the AJR is the British Hilfsfonds gebeten. zu verlautbaren, dass die constituent. Its work in the cultural sphere is as Auszahlung der Zuwendungen an die in Gruppe The German Embassy in Washington announced important for the Jews from German-speaking K Eingereihten im Gange ist. Sie erfolgt grund­ that the Federal Republic is prepared to con­ countries as the ac'ivities of the Council and the saetzlich nach der Prioritaet des Alters, sodass tribute towards the cos's of medical treatment for AJR are in safeguarding the interests of the corn- derzeit die Personen zum Zuge kommen, die am thirty Polish women who were inmates of the munity and in carrying out constructive social 1.1.1956 mindestens 58 Jahre alt waren. Irgend­ Ravensbruck concentration camp. The women work. We are sure that our friends will welcome welche Ausnahmen fuer eine bevorzugte Erledi­ had called at the German Embassy and stated that the opportunity of hearing the distinguished gung koennen nicht gemacht werden. neither the West nor the East German authorities sfKiakers from abroad, who take a leading par' Es wird daher gebeten, von Urgenzen, die den were willing to pay compensation in respect of in the work of the Leo Baeck Institute and who Geschaeftsgang des Hilfsfonds aufhalten, the criminal experiments made on them by Nazi will deal with topical questions on all our minds. abzusehen. doctors. W.R AJR INFORMATION July/August, 1959 Page 3 Programms nur noch vier Jahre zur Verfuegung BESCHLUESSE ZUR stuenden. Von den etwa 2,6 Millionen angemeldeten Anspruechen seien aber bisher nur etwa 655.000 erledigt, sodass noch etwa 1,9 WIEDERGUTMACHUNGS-PRAXIS Millionen Ansprueche schwebten. Eine Vergroes- serung des Personalbestandes der Entschaedi­ AUSLEGUNG DER BESTIMMUNGEN Von besonderer Wichtigkeit sind die Bemcr- gungsaemter wuerde erheblich zur Beschleunigung kungen des Ausschusses zu der Frage, welche beitragen. Die Furcht der Sachbearbeiter der In eingehenden Beratungen, die sich von Maerz Bedeutung den Urteilen des Bundesgerichtshofs Entschaedigungsaemter vor den Kontrollen der bis Juni 1959 hinzogen, war der Wiedergutma­ fuer die Praxis der Entschaedigungsbehoerden Rechnungshoefe und vor Regressanspruechen chungsausschuss des Bundestages zu der Ueber­ zukomme und wie sich der Bundesrechnungshof habe zu einer gewissen Zurueckhaltuog in der zeugung gelangt, dass zwar im gegenwaertigen bei einer Pruefung verhalten werde, wenn die Anwendung der Bestimmungen des Gesetzes Zeitpunkt eine Novelle des Bundesentscha&di- Behoerden bei ihren Entscheidungen von Urteilen gefuehrt. Fiskalische Interessen, erklaerte Dr. Gold­ gungsgesetzes (BEG) nicht ratsam sei, weil eine des Bundesgerichtshofes abwichen. Nach mann, sollten aber von den hoeheren Gesichts­ solche die termingerechte Abwicklung des Gesetzes Anhoerung des Praesidenten des Bundesrechnungs- punkten des Rechts und der Ethik, die zum Erlass gefaehrden koenne, dass aber gewisse Haerten hofs und eingehender Aussprache ueber das des Bundesgesetzes gefuehrt haetten, zurueck- und Unklarheiten ohne Gesetzesaenderang durch Verhaeltnis zwischen den Entscheidungen der treten. Ausgehend von der Tatsache, dass im uebereinstimmende Verwaltungsmassnahmen der Verwaltungsbehoerden und der Gerichte sowie letzten Jahr DM 2,6 Milliarden als angemessener Entschaedigungsbehoerden behoben oder jeden­ der FinanzkontroUe waren sich die Mitglieder jaehrlicher Einsatz fuer den Entschaedigungs- falls vermindert werden koennten. Die Bemue­ des Wiedergutmachungsausschusses darin einig, haushalt angenommen worden sei, forderte Dr. hungen des Wiedergutmachungsausschusses, an dass in einem Rechtsstaat Entscheidungen der Goldmann, dass fuer die naechsten vier denen insbesondere der Ausschuss-Vorsitzende. Gerichte von der Verwaltung selbstverstaendlich Rechnungsjahre dieser Jahresbetrag nicht nur Alfred Frenzel (S.P.D.) und der stellvertretende beruecksichtigt werden muessten, dass aber die haushaltsmaessig wieder eingesetzt, sondern auch Vorsitzende, Prof. Franz Boehm (C.D.U.) fuehren­ Urteile des Bundesgerichtshofs in der ueberwie­ voll ausgegeben werden solle. Ferner sollte zur den Anteil hatten, fanden ihren Abschluss in einer genden Zahl der Faelle nur den zur Entscheidung schnelleren Bewaeltigung zahlenmaessig groesserer Vereinbarung mit den Vertretern der Laender auf stehenden Einzelfall betraefen. Soweit es sich Gruppen gleichliegender und verhaeltnismaessig einer Sitzung des Ausschusses am 23. Juni im um eine staendige Rechtsprechung in Gmndsatz- einfacher Entschaedigungstatbestaende (wie Beisein der Vertreter der Bundesministerien der fragen handele, muesse aber von den Verwal­ Beeintraechtigung der Freiheit, bei denen die Finanzen, der Justiz und des Inneren. Hierbei tungsbehoerden trotz aller Anerkennung der Darlegung der Dauer langwierige Beweissamm- wurde die einheitliche Auslegung einer Reihe von hoechstrichterlichen Autoritaet gerade in den lungen erfordere) die Moeglichkeit pausohaler Vorschriften des BEG beschlossen. Unter Angelegenheiten der Wiedergutmachung geprueft Regelungen in Erwaegung gezogen werden. Dr. anderem wurde festgelegt, dass Haerteausgleichs- werden, ob in Anbetracht der besonderen politi­ Goldmann wies auch auf die Beweisnot derjenigen leistungen (Par. 171 BEG) in Zukunft auch an schen Zielsetzung der Wiedergutmachung die Antragsteller hin, die im Zuge der Katastrophe Verfolgte juedischen Glaubens zulaessig sind. oeffentliche Hand nicht Leistungen erbringen ihre Dokumente eingebuest haetten. In diesem- Zur Entschaedigung fuer Koerperschaden (Par. 28 muesste, die ueber die rein rechtliche Verpflich­ Zusammenhang wandte sich Dr. Goldmann gegen BEG) wurde festgestellt, dass ein Anspruch immer tung hinausgingen. Es wuerde dann in der die Generalisierung von vereinzelten Miss- gegeben sein soil, wenn irgendeine Verfolgung&mass- Kompetenz und der Souveraenitaet des Rech- braeuchen, die bei manchem Beamten ein Gefuehl nahme, oder aber die Auswanderung, den Schaden nungshofs liegen, bei sorgfaeltiger Abwaegung des Misstrauens gegen saemtliche Antragsteller hervorgemfen hat. Ferner soil im Falle von der Interessenlage derartige Faelle nicht zu bean- ausgeloest habe; er betonte, dass die Claims Hinterbliebenenanspruechen bei Koerperschaeden standen. Der Rechnungshof sei schliesslich Conference mit alien ihr zu Gebote stehenden (Par. 41 BEG) davon ausgegangen werden, dass unabhaengig in der Entscheidung, diese Faelle im Mitteln gegen derartige Missbraeuche vorgehen die verfolgenden Stellen (z. B. die Wachmann- Rechnungpruefungsverfahren dem Parlament wuerde. Da die Durchfuehrang der Entschaedi­ schaften in Konzentrationslagern) bei der vorzulegen. Die letzte Entscheidung werde dann gungsgesetzgebung nicht in Haenden des Bundes, Zufuegung des Koerperschadens immer in Kauf der Bundestag treffen. sondem der Laender liege, habe sich eine genommen haben, dass diese auch den Tod des verschiedenartige Behandlung gleichartiger An­ Verfolgten zur Folge haben koennte. Zur Der Berichf des Wiedergutmachungsausschusses, spraeche berausgebildet. Was fehle, sei eine Entschaedigung wegen Freiheitsbeschraenkung dessen Inhalt hier nur auszugsweisse wieder­ zentrale Lenkung. In dieser Richtung sei gerade (Par. 47 BEG) wurde festgestellt, dass das Leben gegeben werden kann, wurde am 25. Juni vom wenige Tage zuvor durch die Verwaltungsverein- unter einem falschen Namen als illegales Leben Plenum des Bundestages einmuetig gebilligt. barung zwischen dem Bund und den Laendem untcr menschenunwuerdigen Bedingungen im ein erfreulicher Fortschritt gemacht worden. Sinne dieser Bestimmung anzusehen ist. Ein KONFERENZ UNTER DR. ADENAUERS weiterer Punkt der Vereinbarung behandelt die VORSITZ Das Ergebnis der Besprechung, in deren Ver­ Auslegung der Bestimmung. dass fuer Schaden, lauf auch Dr. Adenauer mehrfaoh das Wort ergriff, der auch ohne die Verfolgung entstanden waere, Am 26. Juni fand eine Konferenz des Bundes­ war ein Beschluss. m kuerzester Frist eine Kon­ keine En'schaedigung geleistet wird (Par. 9 kanzlers Dr. Adenauer und der Regiemngschefs ferenz der fuer die Wiedergutmachung zustaen­ Abs. 5 BEG). Diese Bestimmung, die das Prob­ der Laender mit Dr. Nahum Goldmann, dem digen Minister einzuberufen, auf der unter Vorsitz lem der sogenannten " ueberholenden Kausalitaet" Praesidenten der Claims Conference, ueber die des Bundesfinanzminislers konkrete Massnahmen regelt und die zu einer Verweigerung der Duchfuehmng des BEG statt. Die zustaendigen eroertert werden soUen. In seinen Schlussworten Entschaedigung fuehren kann, wenn der Schaden Minister des Bundes und der Laender nahmen erklaerte Dr. Adenauer : " Sie duerfen ueberzeugt unter UmsTaenden auch durch spaetere Ereignisse ebenfalls an der Konferenz teil. Von juedischer sein, dass auf alien Seiten der feste und emste (Kriegseinwirkung, Bomben, Militaerdienst) einge­ Seite waren anwesend der Generalsekretaer des Wille besteht, die Wiedergutmachung so schnell treten waere, soil nur in Ausnahmefaellen Zentralrats der Juden in Deutschland, Dr. H. G. und so gut wie moeglich durchzufuehren." angewandt werden, naemlioh dann, " wenn fuer van Dam. der Direktor der Claims Conference in den Eintritt der Ersatzursache eine mit an Sicher­ Deutschland, Dr. Ernst Katzenstein, der Direktor Die Eroerterung des Wiedergutmachune&prob- heit grenzende Wahrscheinlichkeit vorliegt." lems auf hoechster politischer Ebene wird von den der URO in Frankfurt am Main, Dr. Kurt May, Interessenvertretem der juedischen Nazi-Opfer als und der Sekretaer der Claims Conference in New ein bedeutsamer Schritt vorwaerts angesehen. Zu weiteren Fragen, die eroertert wurden, York, Mr. Saul Kagan. Nach Begmessung der gehoerte die Festsetzung der Hoechstrenten bei Versammlung durch den Bundeskanzler ergriff Berufsschaeden. Hierzu wurde berichtet, dass der Dr. Goldmann das Wort zu einem grundsaetz­ Vorsitzende des Ausschusses sich mit dem Vor­ lichen Referat, in dem er zunaechst seine Aner­ sitzenden des Sonderausschusses fuer Wiedergut­ kennung zu den Bemuehungen der fuehrend machung des Bundesrats in Verbindung gesetzt und zustaendigen deutschen Stellen auf dem Gebiete ihn eebeten habe. sich fuer eine Erhoehung der der Wiedergutmachung zum Ausdruck brachte Hoechs'renten naoh Par. 83 Abs. 2 BEG von und sodann eine Reihe von Vorschlaegen zur 600 DM. auf 630 DM. einzusetzen. Auf Beschleunigung der Verfahren und zur Verein­ verfahrensrechtlichem Gebiete wurde u.a. fest<»e- heitlichung der Praxis unterbreitete. Hierbei THE ATLANTIC METAL stellt. dass die Nachschiebung weiterer Ansprueche ging er von der Tatsache aus, dass das Bundesent­ bei rechtzeitiger Geltendmachung mindestens eines schaedigungsgesetz eine Regelung aller CO. LTD. Anspmchs nach staendiger Praxis der Laender Ansprueche bis zum 31. Maerz 1963 vorsehe, dass zulaessig ist. also zu einer fristgemaessen Durchfuehrang des For FERROUS AND NON-FERROUS METALS Feuchtwanger (London) ltd. 15-23, ST. PANCRAS WAY, LONDON, N.W.1. Bankers EUSton 9001/7 91, MOORGATE, LONDON. E.C.2 Neu erschienen Telephone: METropolitan 8151 Mitteilungsblott fuer die Juedischen Gemeinden in WESTFALEN Representing: mif Beitraegen ueber Geschichte und Gegenworf der Juden in Westfalen. I. L. FEUCHTWANOER BANK LTD. I FEUCfTTWANOER CORPORATION inferessenfen werdeii gebefen, sich on die Schrift- TEL-AVrV : JERUSALEM : HAIFA | 52 BROADWAY, NEW VORK. 4. N.Y. leifung (Adresse : Jiiedisclie Gemeinde, Dortmund, Prinz-Friedrich-Karl-Strossc 9) zu wenden. Page 4 AJR INFORMATION July/August, 1959 E. Schaefer RECENT PROCEEDINGS THE NUERNBERG TRIAL ACTION AGAINST BERLIN JUDGES As stated in recent issues of this journal, the trial, newspaper correspondents and news agencies The Attorney General has opened proceedings trials of war criminals conducted before German sent out their reports. Day by day there were against the Public Prosecutors Heinz Domann courts are making their impact on German think­ broadcasts over the German network. Never and Herbert Hennig in Berlin, to investigate the ing. They have opened a breach in the conscious before in history had the actions of a govem­ activities of these two officials as judges of the or unconscious amnesia of the German people. ment been revealed and scrutinised so fully. National Socialist Volksgerichtshof, the special To quo:e from Kalow's remarkable pronounce­ It denotes, therefore, a certain lack of sincerity court of the Nazi regime. They are suspected ment summarised in our February issue : " The if German public opinion considers the facts of having committed intentional manslaughter by gruesome facts are at long last brought home revealed by the recent German trials as novelties. pronouncing sentences of death in the political squarely to those who 'ignored' them up till now." Since the Nuernberg trial these and many other processes of that period. Both men were granted In the public discussion of the recent war crime facts—the complete story of the Third Reich leave of oflBce this March. proceedings, the trial of German major war and its crimes—have been known to a shocked According to information from the Department criminals conducted before the Intemational Mili­ world in all detail. If the German people refused of Justice, files supplied by the American Docu­ tary Tribunal at Nuernberg in 1945-46 is hardly at that time, and since, to acknowledge and to ment Centre have only recently revealed new facts ever mentioned. Most Germans consider that face these facts, this was part of their technique concerning the past of the two judges, who were trial not as judicial proceedings but as a vindic­ of amnesia, to quote a term coined by President previously de-nazified and had established their tive measure of the victorious Allied Powers. Heuss. claim for indemnification. It cannot be denied that the Nuernberg trial It is, therefore, to be welcomed that a new bristled with problems. To mention some of account of the Nuernberg trial has recently been ARREST IN HANOVER them: one of the Powers constituting themselves published in Germany.* as a tribunal was itself a totalitarian State and Gerhard Schneider, an oflScial in the Ministry has since revealed itself as such even more clearly. An Admirable New Publication of Economy and Transport of the Land Nieder­ The attempt of the Soviet prosecution to hold In our considered opinion this work is admir­ sachsen, has been arrested. According to oflScial the Nazi defendants responsible for the Katyn able. The present writer did not attend the press information, Schneider has been charged incident failed, and caused much embarrassment Nuemberg trial, but he was a translator at the with complicity in the mass shooting of Jews in to the Western members of the tribunal. Some later Nuernberg trials of war criminals conducted Poland and Russia in 1941. of the crimes against humanity forming part of before the U.S.A. Mihtary Tribunal, following the indictment were, with retrospective effect, the same procedure. Since then he has again and POLICEMEN CHARGED WITH MASS based on the London charter of August, 1945, again studied the records of the " great" Nuern­ MURDERS which was incompatible with the maxim of nulla berg trial. Thus he considers himself fairly pcena sine lege. competent to form an opinion of Heydecker's The Public Prosecutor in Bielefeld has started Even so, the trial was an historical and political and Leeb's book. proceedings against two former police oflficers. necessity. There was no alternative. Stalin's Restricting themselves to the essentials, the Ewald Sudau and Herbert Schmidke. They are original idea was to shoot 50,000 Nazi war authors have succeeded in giving a comprehensive charged with complicity in the mass execution criminals, including the leading clique, off-hand, picture of the Nuernberg trial, starting with the of Lithuanian Jews in 1941 and 1942. Sudau is without any judicial proceedings. This led to the delicate and difficult inter-allied negotiations and accused of participating in the shooting of 150 dramatic incident at the Yalta Conference the preparatory work preceding it, including the Jews at Augustowo in 1941 and Sohmidke is said to described by Sir Winston Churchill. A tribunal man-hunt for the defendants and their capture, have taken part in the mass murder of over set up by neutral S'ates was impracticable, as and following the trial as such through from start 500 men, women and children in various Lithu­ there were very few genuinely neutral Powers and to finish. Their description is sober and factual, anian towns. these were not prepared to co-operate. It was but dramatic and gripping at the same time. They equally impossible at that time to leave proceed­ do not evade the problems and doubts touched FORMER GESTAPO OFFICIAL ACCUSED ings against the major war criminals to the Ger­ on above. Their narration combines the history man courts. Their record during the Hitler of the Third Reich with the story of the trial The Stuttgart Public Prosecutor has instigated regime could hardly inspire much confidence. Even as such. All persons involved—^the accused Nazi proceedings against Felix Landau, a former under the Weimar Republic—an organised leaders in the dock, defence counsels, prosecutors, member of the Gestapo, who is accused of having sovereign State provided with the normal organs judges, witnesses—emerge as clear-cut character taken part in the mass extermination of ithe Jewish of justice—the few trials of war criminals before studies. The reader often gets the feeling of being population in Drohobycz, Boryslaw, and neigh­ the Reichsgericht had proved a mockery. After present during the exciting exchanges between the bouring districts. Landau was arrested in Austria the surrender of 1945 an organised German State two sides. Again and again, one is bound to as early as 1945, but succeeded in escaping from did not exist. Sovereignty rested with the four realise that the proceedings follow the Anglo- prison. Last year he was arrested in Germany. occupying Powers. It was their unavoidable Saxon tradition: prosecutors and defendants are The court is in possession of Landau's diary found responsibility to take immediate action against the contending parties of legally equal standing. In on him in 1945. Witnesses from Europe, America, major war criminals. It is to their credit that they the rare cases in which prosecutors show them­ and Israel have been asked to appear before tbe did so by way of judicial proceedings. selves vindictive and over.-zealous, they are sternly court. rebuked by the court. Apart from the proceed­ Fairness to Defendants ings during the tribunal's sessions, the reader is also shown what goes on behind the scenes in ARREST OF FORMER S.S. OFFICER The Nuernberg tribunal did its utmost to safe­ the cells and during meal-time conversations guard the legitimate interests of the defendants. between the defendants, among joumalists, etc. Gerhard Schneider, 46-year-old former SS oflScer They were provided with German defence counsels who lead an " Einsatzkommando" in Nazi- of their own choice and of high standing and Even for a reader who is well conversant with occupied territories in the East, has been arrested ability. They were given every opportunity to the story, this book is a major experience. Let and charged with complicity in the murder of speak out. The endeavours of the prosecution us hope that it will find willing readers in Ger­ 20,000 Jevre in Poland and Russia. to produce irrefutable evidence for every indict­ many, too. Its production is attractive. It is ment involved a preparatory world-wide opera­ enhanced by 50 well-chosen photos, and by a GHETTO POLICEMAN SENTENCED tion of unheard-of magnitude. Defence counsels comprehensive bibliography and index. Of the were given ample facilities to call witnesses and most important speeches by counsels on both The Hanau Court has found Wilhelm Unkelbach to procure and produce documents on behalf of sides, and by the defendants, the highligh's are guilty and has sentenced him to life imprisonment the defence. In his closing speech the principal given verbally. The same applies to the judgment. for the murder of seven Jewish men and women prosecutor of the U.S.A. rightly stressed that the One of the most impressive speeches is the final in the Czestoohowa Ghetto, where he was a defendants were granted a form of judicial pro­ words of the defendant Hans Frank, containing policeman from 1941 to 1943. ceedings which they themselves, at the peak of an unreserved confession of guilt. During the hearing several survivors of the their power, never conceded to their opponents. Ghetto appeared before the Court and gave An outstanding non-Jewish German lawyer, To conclude this sombre subject on a lighter note, a curiosity may be mentioned. In his evidence of the horrifying circumstances under Ludwig Ruae, a staunch anti-Nazi, who was sub­ which Unkelbach had put prisoners to death. jected to disciplinary measures under the Third closing speech, ringing with conviction and Reich and who attended the Nuernberg trial, was, sincerity and a masterpiece of forensic rhetorics, in 1946. couraeeous enough to vindicate the trial Jackson solemnly quotes certain prophetic words WITNESSES REQUIRED as correct judicial proceedings and to stress the " of Goethe", branding the dangerous side of exaggerated German nationalism and foreseeing Witnesses who can give information concemiiig tribunal's objectivity in the finding and evaluating the extermination of the Jewish population in of fhe facts. the possibility of an outbreak similar to that or 1933. He should have rather quo'ed Heine, for Lithuania (districts of Kowno, Wilna, Schaulen). This brings us to our main point. Whatever the alleged Goethe quotation is actually fictitious. from 1941 to 1943, are requested to provide the blemishes critics may find in the trial and the These words were lent to Goethe by Thomas Zentralstelle der Landesjustizverwaltungen. tribunal's conclusions, it remains trae that in Mann in his novel "Lotte in Weimar". Heydecker Ludwigsburg, Schorndorfer Strasse (AZ.7 AR-Z these oroceedings, conducted in public, the under- and Leeb mention the quotation without recog­ 14/59), with any material. lyine facts were proved, documented, and recorded nising the error—an error which, by the way, was irrefutably, and far more comprehensively than later also committed by Lord Samuel on another WAR CRIMINALS IN EASTERN GAOLS in the recent German trials which covered but occasion, to be acknowledged and rectified by individual aspects and sectors of the graesome him afterwards. According to publications from Poland, there story. The number of documents produced by are still 216 Germans accused of war crimes in the prosecution at Nuernberg was 2.630, whereas E. SCHAEFER. Polish prisons. The total number of Germans the defence produced 2.700. The records of the • Joe J. Heydecker and Johannes Leeb, Der Noembeixer imprisoned for war crimes in East European Prozess, BOuiz der Taasend Jahre. Verlag Kiepenlieuer & countries is said to be 589. Czechoslovakia has proceedings fill 16.000 pages. They have been Witsch, Koeln und Berlin. 1958. 609 pages, Ln, DM 16.80. published in German. Day by day, during the Engl. Br. DM 12.80. 162 prisoners and Russia 12. AJR INFORMATION July/August, 1959 Page 5 ANGLO-JUDAICA TRIBUTES AND AWARDS JEWISH PEACE SOCIETY'S H-BOMB NEW JEWISH M.P. FAREWELL TO A GOOD FRIEND PROTEST Legationsrat von Holleben Leaves London Mr. John Jakob Mendelson, a lecturer in The Jewish Peace Society has sent a letter to Political Science at SheflBeld University and Legationsrat von Holleben, the head of the Legal The Jewish Chronicle, signed by the Chief Chairman of the Hallam (SheflBeld) Labour Party, Department of the Consulate of the Federal Repub­ Rabbi, Dr. Israel Brodie, Professor Norman has been elected as M.P. for Penistone, Yorkshire. lic of Germany in London, has been transferred to Bentwich, Hugh Harris, Desmond J. Trenner, Rev. His majority was 11,119 in a straight fight with his the Foreign Ministry in Bonn. Our sincere con­ Saul Amias, Rev. Joseph Halpern and Rabbi Conservative opponent. So far as can be ascer­ gratulations on his promotion are mixed with Harold F. Reinhart. The letter states that the tained Mr. Mendelson takes no active interest feehngs of regret at the loss of a trasted friend. Society is convinced that the continued manu­ in Jewish communal aflfairs. He started his career in this country as German facture and testing of destructive weapons such There are now 22 Jewish Members of Parlia­ Consul in Glasgow, at a time when the wounds as the hydrogen bomb, which are capable of ment—20 Labour and two Conservative. inflicted on our people were still too fresh to destroying masses of human beings at the press allow for any relationship between the victims of of a button is a crime against God and Man. Nazi persecution and a representative of post­ The testing of such weapons can cause incalcul­ FAREWELL TO RABBI DR. ALTMANN war Germany. Herr von Holleben understood able hami to unborn generations. " We believe this attitude of the refugees and realised that that no government should make or test such Speaking at a farewell reception in his honour patience was required for finding a new modus weapons either now or in ithe future." given by the Society for Jewish Study at Hillel vivendi. In his efforts he was driven by a House, London, Rabbi Dr. A. Altmann denied passionate desire to help undo the wrongs com­ that his departure for America was symptomatic mitted by the Nazi regime. He went out of his COLOUR ISSUE AND ANTI-SEMITISM of the lack of opportunities for the rabbinate in way to be of assistance, and his personal sincerity this country. He said that he was in love with was soon felt by all those who met him. Thus, Jews as well as Negroes were violently attacked Jewish scholarsnip and that America had offered the same people who had watched the beginnings by speakers at a "Stop the Coloured Invasion" him an opportunity of single-minded research and of his activities in Glasgow with reserve were sorry rally held by the White Defence League and the teaching. He hoped that very few rabbis would when he had to leave them. National Labour Party at Trafalgar Square follow his examp e, and that they would continue recently. A pamphlet entitled "Look Out" on to serve the Jewish community of this country. In London he was given even more opportuni­ sale at the meeting asked people, among other " I found refuge in this country", he added, ties for creating an atmosphere of confidence by things, to observe that Jews were " dominating " and it is entirely due to the humanity which this devoting himself to the problems of the Nazi the organs of mass propaganda: press, cinema, country represents that my family and I were able victims, and the spirit in which he and those work­ lelevision, radio and publishing ; with political and to be transplanted to England." ing under him performed their duties has always economic power out of all proportion to their been acknowledged by the refugees. At the same numbers"'. Mr. Hugh Harris, Hon. Secretary of the time, Herr von Holleben's co-operation with the Society, expressed wholehearted gratitude to Dr. AJR and the Council of Jews from Germany In a memorandum issued by the National Coun­ Altmann on behalf of Anglo-Jewry for his has developed into personal relations with many cil for Civil Liberties entitled " Anti-Semitism and devoted services to learning and scholarship. Dr. of the honorary oflBcers of the two organisations. Colour Bar", an appeal is made to all believers S. Stein recalled that Dr. Altmann had achieved in civil liberty to oppose discrimination on giounds early academic distinction in Germany and We sincerely hope that in his future career as of race, religion, language and colour, .'ind to Professor Norman Bentwich said that he deeply well, Herr von Holleben will find recognition for sound the warning of those new dangers iu what­ regretted Dr. Altmann's departure for America. his abilities and his devotion, and we express our ever field of social life they are concerned. The sincerest thanks to him for all he did while he memorandum states that, should economic diflS- worked in this country. culties grow in this country, many people may PRAYERS IN SEPHARDI ACCENT easily succumb to the human failing of striking out SUGGESTED AWARD FOR ERNA PINNER at the nearest scapegoat, who might be a West Indian or a Jew. At a recent meeting of the United Synagogue The author and designer, Ema Pinner, who Council, Mr. J. C. Gilbert moved that the Chief lives in London, has been awarded the Federal Rabbi should be asked to agree to the introduction Cross of Merit, First Class. Her latest book on QUEEN'S BIRTHDAY HONOURS LIST of the Sephardi pronunciation of Hebrew into animals appeared in England under the title synagogues. He pointed out that the " time had "Curious Creatures" (German edition: "Wunder Bud Flanagan the comedian, whose real name is come to put an end to the chaos and confusion in der Wirklichkeit") and was published in seven Robert Winthrop, was made an O.B.E. in the the minds of young people taught to pray in one different countries. In 1936, the Victoria and Queen's Birthday Honours List. He was born in language and speak in another". In the course Albert Museum in London acquired several of East London 62 years ago, the son of Polish of the discussion, it transpired that the Chief her sketches of animals. immigrants. Rabbi, who had originally not been in favour of Erna Pinner, who is the daughter of the well- Other awards include a K.C.M.G. to the Hon. a change, had promised to reconsider the matter. known physician and art collector, the late Albert Asher Wolff, Chief Justice of the State of The motion was therefore withdrawn. Geheimrat Pinner (Frankfurt), was a pupil of Westem Australia ; a C.B.E. to Mr. Leo Levy in Lovis Corinth. Before 1933 she accompanied recognition of his services to the cattle industry Kasimir Edschmid on his world voyages and of Southem Rhodesia and the Federation of JEWS AND CRIME illustrated numerous books of his. She herself Rhodesia and Nyasaland; O.B.E.s to Mr. Sidney has also written on these travels to Africa Latin for poHtical and public services in Man­ The Roman Catholic Govemor of Wormwood and South America. For many years she was chester and Mr. Louis Winter, Chairman of the Scrubs Prison paid a tribute to Jewish home life a regular columnist with several leading German Stockport Savings Committee and M.B.E.s to Mr. when he spoke at a luncheon meeting recently. papers. Abram Maxwell Caplin for political and public He said that at Wormwood Scrubs there were services in Liverpool and to Mr. Leonard Pin- 1,450 prisoners, of whom 700 were under 21 years LITERATURE PRLZE FOR NELLY SACHS show for public services in Northem Rhodesia. of age. One thing, however, stood out signifi­ Mr. Alexander Francis Moriey, C.M.G.. C.B.E., cantly, he said. "Out of the 700 young men in The " Jahresringe " Prize, issued by the Cultural was made a Knight Commander of the Order of my prison only it wo are Jews. There lies the Section of the Organisation of German Industrial­ St. Michael and St. George. He is the High Com­ answer to crime. The answer lies in the home ists, was this year awarded tb the Jewish missioner for the United Kingdom in Ceylon. life of this country and it is clear that a Jewish authoress, Nelly Sachs. Born in Berlin in 1891, boy brought up in his faith has a proper home she already had several books and poems pub­ hshed before 1933. As late as 1941, she was still HONORARY DOCTORATE FOR anchor. Only when we get moral strength in in Germany but, on the intervention of Selma CHIEF RABBI our homes will the crime figures begin to decline." Lagerloef, she was permitted to emigrate to Sweden. The sufferings experienced by herself and Chief Rabbi Dr. Brodie has had the honorary her fellow-Jews were reflected in a collection of degree of Doctor of Civil Law conferred on him BOARD OF GUARDLiNS' NEW poems ' In den Wohnungen des Todes", pub­ by the Durham University. Preceding the cere­ OFFICERS lished in 1947. mony, a luncheon attended by 80 guests was pre­ pared under full kashrut supervision. Presenting In succession to Mr. Justice Karminski, Mr. the Chief Rabbi for the conferment of the degree, Oliver Sebag-Montefiore vras elected President of SWEDEN'S CHIEF RABBI RECEIVES the University's Public Orator, Professor W. H. F. the Board of Guardians at its general meeting held GERMAN PROFESSORSHIP Barnes, said that in honouring Dr. Brodie, the on June Sth. Mr. Edward W. Joseph was elected Jewish community of the North-East and all those Chairman of the Executive Committee in place of Chief Rabbi Kurt Wilhelm has been awarded Jewish congregations throughout the Common­ Mr. Ellis A. Franklin. a chair in the "Science of Judaism" at the wealth and Empire whose spiritual leader he is, University of Frankfurt by the Hessian Ministry were being honoured at the same time. of Education. Dr. Wilhelm was a student of LEO BAECK CENTRE OPENED Rabbi Leo Baeck and a graduate of the Jewish At a reception held by the Representative seminaries of Breslau and New York. The Jewish Council for Newcastle Jewry in Dr. Brodie's The North-Western Reform Synagogue, Alyth Theological Seminary in New York awarded an honour a few days later, he said that the confer­ Gardens, N.W.ll, recently opened its new annexe, Honorary Doctor of Divinity degree on him about ment of the degree was a tribute not only to him which is to be used for religion classes and cultural two years ago. He intends concurrently to con­ but was also a sign of the honour and respect in activities. It has been named after Leo Baeck, tinue his duties as Chief Rabbi of Sweden in which the Anglo-Jewish community was held. who was President of the Synagogue. Stockholm. Page 6 AJR INFORMATION July/August, 1959 While his ancestors set out to free Judaea front ABOUT BOOKS Antioch's enforced Hellenisation, Alexander Jannai and, to a lesser degree his father John Hyrcanus, HOW TO CHANGE ONE'S NATIONALITY But these are not just stories from the past to reversed the process and tried to make the judaean Fraenkel. They have influenced his political atti­ kingdom a Hellenistic state. Heinrich Fraenkei's " Farewell to Germany " tude to our present world, and shaped his Before writing this novel Moshe Shamir's main The coincidence may not have occurred to Weltanschauung. " For a man these days to be literary interest was with the theatre, the condi­ Heinrich Fraenkel or the publishers of his book neither an out-and-out fellow-traveller nor an out- tions of which he had studied in the United (" Farewell to Germany," Bemard Hanison Ltd., and-out Red-baiter, is not quite easy ", he says. " It States. In a similar way the American Jewish 18s.), but the timing could not have been better. is probably easiest in England, and that too may writer Howard Fast had been mainly interested This is the Year of the Refugee, and although have been one of the reasons for my decision to in politics before he wrote his novel " Moses, We are now no longer " news " it is a good thing make my home in England, for this is the land Prince of Egypt "f. One might have expected that that one of us has come forward with a personal where some tolerance is for ever being practised, choosing this theme he would deal with Moses as account of the days when we were—with a and the tacit respect for other people's opinions." a ruler who kept his people apart from outside summing-up of the thoughts, experiences, and Fraenkel beheves that " both the land of my influences, enforced strict laws and demanded arguments on the subject of settling in the country birth and the land of my choice would do well dictatorial obedience. But it is the young Moses of one's choice. to take a leaf out of each other's book ; and to he is interested in not the conqueror and lawgiver. copy a bit of the one nation's gluttony for work He follows a tradition according to which Moses Fraenkel speaks for many of us when he starts and the other's sense of tolerance". He does is an Egyptian name such as we find in the names with these hnes: "Germany is my homeland. I not take the emergence of a new Nazism very of some Pharaohs, e.g., Ahmose (Amasis), Thut­ am still devoted to it, 1 am still anxious to get seriously ; the Germans, he thinks, " have learned mose and Ramses (Ra-mases), Moses meaning son. there for a visit once or twice a year, but I no the grim lesson of their second war ", and the post­ But Howard Fast does not go as far as does longer wish to live there. I decided, some years war generation is reaping and grasping the benefit Thomas Mann in the " Tables of the Law" by ago, to acquire British nationality. This is a of that lesson. factual statement, easily pm in a sentence or two; making Moses the son of a Hebrew slave and an but to attempt an explanation will take all of Even if we do not share Heinrich Fraenkel's Egyptian princess. He makes him the foster-son, some fifty or sixty thousand words." confidence on this vital point there is a good deal the object of true motherly feehng of the princess, of sound sense in his book, and it certainly con­ who hopes that he will one day succeed her This, I feel, sums up our situation admirably, brother Ramses II and restore the worship of and many of the things he recalls are within our tains much enlightening material for English readers. One London reviewer has said that it Aton, this monotheistic cult of the sun god intro­ common experience. However, Fraenkel's story duced by Akhnaton and his wife Nephretete. has some special features. He might be called is a good thing that people like Fraenkel have chosen this country as their new homeland. which had been eradicated with great cruelty, but the Senior Internee, for he was put behind barbed was by no means dead. wire on the Isle of Man as early as 1914 when Without wanting to poke holes in a valuable Moses grows up as a prince, like Buddha, ridi­ he happened to visit England as a schoolboy, book, I think Fraenkel should have checked his culed by the other princes as the " boy with half and again in 1940. He hved and worked as a spelling of names like Ossietzky and Bela Kun. It a name ", lonely, with a spiritual urge and with film writer in Hollywood around 1930, and went is also a little irritating (not to say un-English) that some doubt in the Egyptian gods, but accepting to Spain to offer his services as a fighter six years everybody who is anybody seems to be " my old Egyptian civilisation as something great. Ramses later (he is honest enough to say that his most friend ", and that some of these old friends are wonders whether he might not be his and his dramatic experience there was watching a silent called " Kingsley " and " Ellen " without their sur­ sister's son after aU, and when the story comes Elisabeth Bergner film during a German air-raid names, in the style of the gossip columnists. And to its close he even offers him, in unwilling admira­ in Valencia). why, oh why have the publishers draped the book tion and in spite of his love-hatred, to be his He left Hitler's Germany early as a political in the Belgian national colours ? successor to the throne. But Moses sees in him refugee, without waiting to be forced to emigrate EGON LARSEN the murderer of his foster-mother and has learnt as a Jew. He has the courage to say what many the secret of his birth—he was exposed as a sacri­ of us saw but rarely discussed except among our fice to the snake god by the Levites in Goshem. closest friends: " Among the scores of thousands TWO JEWISH HISTORICAL NOVELS who had by then forgotten Israel's heritage. With of German Jews who left their departure to as other slaves the Levites build the huge colossus late as 1938 or 1939 there were obviously very few When Max Brod's novel " Galileo in Captivity " of Ramses, and before Moses realises that he is who were opposed to the Hitler regime for political was awarded the Bialik Prize there was some oppo­ of their blood he feels the injustice done to them reasons. . . . For them anti-Semitism was the one sition among Israeli writers, not because of any by being treated as slaves after having first been and only gradge against the Hitler Reich ; and criticism of the revered author's literary merit but given shelter as strangers. some of them would certainly have come to be because they thought that the prize ought to have Moses' slaying of the overseer does not occur very ardent National Socialists themselves if the gone to a work written in Hebrew. By the tenth until the end of the story, when he frees his regime had admitted them." anniversary of Israel's statehood, Moshe Shamir's slave Nun who had become his blood-brother novel " The King of Flesh and Blood "* was pub­ On the other hand, Fraenkel had much personal during the war against Kush. Moses does so not lished, and this first Israeli historical novel is a only because he is of the tribe of Israel but because experience of the " good " Germans who fought great event in the history of Jewish literature. Hitler and helped imperilled Jews at the risk he does not accept slavery any longer. of their own lives. He quotes a former Hitler This book about the Maccabean king Alexander " Moses, Prince of Egypt" is not Howard Fast's Youth member: " Would you expect German Jannai is a Jewish novel not only because of its first Biblical novel. He has previously written a schoolboys to show more political wisdom than subject matter and its language but also because novel on Samson, " My Glorious Brothers ", which the Prime Ministers of Britain and France who it is a work of real Jewish substance—an essential compares favourably with Wladimir Jabotinsky's came running after Hitler as far as Munich ? " product of the land of Israel. The author was nearly forgotten work on the same subject. With bom in Galilean Safed. He was one of the consummate skill Howard Fast paints a large The Eariy Hampstead Days pioneers in a kibbutz and was a shock trooper of canvas of Egyptian civilisation and the mythology I enjoyed Fraenkel's description of the early Hagana during the birth pangs of the new state of the fertile crescent and at the same time con­ refugee days in Hampstead, the foundation of the on ancient soil. He has himself lived through the jures up a convincing portrait of his young hero, Kulturbund (whose first headquarters in Berlin, conflict between the sword and the spirit, is aware both involved in this world and revealing his at the Herrenklub, oi all places, he visited after of the antagonism between religion and politics: future greatness and his way to the discovery of the war), and of the " astonishing dialectic capers the recent Arab war with its violence and its dis­ one just and loving God. placed persons was presem in his mind, and, at his and brain acrobatics " of the Communist refugees LUTZ WELTMANN as they changed their political views ovemight worst, the Hasmonean king does not lack certain features of a Hitler. on higher orders. After the Stahn-Ribbentrop t Methuen & Co., London. 310 pp., 16/-. pact and the period of what they called the The hero, though by no means an amiable per­ " Imperialist war" (until Hitler invaded Russia) son, is a fascinating personality, charming, but their arguments no longer impressed Fraenkel. unscrupulous, thirsting after and corrupt^ by He wrote his excellent book, " Germany's Road power, believing, or at least making himself believe, your House For :- to Democracy ", in the darkest days of the war in the mission of the Hasmonean House, striving when democracy seemed farther away than ever to make his people great, not as God's anointed CURTAINS, CARPETS, LINO from his native country. but as a " King of Flesh and Blood". It was UPHOLSTERY He saw it again shortly after the war, in British during his reigii that in the mind of the people the uniform, as a journalist writing for the New House of David became a " myth " again. The SPECIALITY '^^^^^ Statesman. His account of Germany and the glory of the Hellenistic world is the ideal of this Germans in those distant days is a useful reminder scion of the Maccabees, and he tries to achieve it, CONTINENTAL DOWN in our period of the economic miracle and Ger­ both through the vicissitudes of war and through man rearmament. The nightmare quality of those political double-crossing. The political scene, QUILTS ! journeys in a devastated, famished country, the described by the author with immense vitality and stupid mistakes committed by the Allies in their in lively colours, serves as the background to ALSO RE-MAKES AND RE-COVERS handling of de-nazification (the effects are still private passions: Alexander Jannai's marriage to ESTfMATES FREE with us), the fall of the Iron Curtain, the division Salome, his murdered brother's widow, and the of Germany and German mentality into East mutual affection between him and his almost DAWSON-LANE LIMITED and West: these are experiences which have been saintly brother Absalon ; and his brother-in-law's 17, BRIDGE ROAO, WEMBLEY PARK well worth retelling from a personal angle. There activities as the leader of his enemies, the Pharisees. Telephone : ARN. 6671 is the " satyr-play " of an arrest by the Russians, and there is a frightening conversation with an • East and West Library. London, 22/6. Translated into Personal otfenfion of Mr. W. Schachmonii English by David Patterson. Cowley Lecturer in post-Biblical incorrigible SS. man in a camp. Hebrew at the University of Oxford. AJR INFORMATION July/August, 1959 Page 7 BERLINALE '59 OLD ACQUAINTANCES There are far too few good films produced each year all over the world for the holding of many Tiro Buddenbrooks :—Awarded the Nobel Obituary:—Ernestine Costa, who helped to Film Festivals. The Festival in Berlin is no excep­ Prize in 1929, Thomas Mann's famous novel pave the way for Bert Brecht in England, has died tion, but that divided city has developed a face •• Buddenbrooks" will reach the screen in two in London, after an operation. The rising actress of its own during the nine years since it started versions—against the wish of the author, who of Mannheim and Berhn was married to the Dutch its own Festival. The " Berlinale," as the Festival hoped during his life-time for a co-production by writer H. B. Fortuin, and came to London via is called, has become an international meeting- the two Germanys. Four years ago Mann gave Holland ; she appeared on radio and stage and place for film people from all parts of the globe. the same Schiller lecture in Stuttgart and Weimar quickly became famous.—87-\ear-old Friedrich This year the German Government's first prize to prove that the divided country had something Funder, former editor of Vienna's Reichspost and for the best feature film went to the entertaining, in common, but his heirs have different opinions. lately editor of the weekly Die Furche, died in though over-rated " Helden," based on Shaw's His daughter, Erika Mann, will now script the Vienna. " Arms and the Man," and the award for the West German film whilst Defa in East Berlin Hermann Leopoldi, the popular Austrian com­ best documentary went to " Paradies und will produce a second " Buddenbrooks " version. poser and pianist, has died in Vienna at the age Feuerofen," a German film on Israel. The inter­ As in the two other films based on her late father's of 71. Together with "Professor" Fritz Wiesen­ national jury, however, gave its first feature film novels, Erika Mann also takes a part in the thal, he ran the cabaret " Hoelle," and wrote many prize to the French film " Les Cousins." It also film, where she speaks the voice of a parrot. well-known songs such as " In einem kleinen Cafe preferred Walt Disney's " White Wilderness" to Measure of Success :—Billy Wilder, who in Hernals " and " The Nowacks from Prague." the German documentary—a decision which dis­ started as a gigolo in Berlin's Eden Hotel and Leopoldi survived the Nazi regime and returned appointed critics and audiences, who had hoped wrote his first script for " Menschen am Sonntag " to Vienna from New York after the end of the " Paradies und Feuerofen" would get the first thirty years ago, is now one of Hollywood's fore­ war.—Joseph Kalmer has died at the age of 60 prize. Produced by German journalist Herbert most directors. Recently he came to London for while on a visit to Vienna. The Austrian writer and Viktor, this full-length documentary in colour, the first night of his hilarious Monroe film " Some poet, who published " Flug in die Wolken" in about Israel, was the event of the Festival. The Like it Hot." 1927, lived in London before the war. He ran film is not only informative and impressive but has a lively commentary without saying too much. Bilbo and Picasso :—Bearded Jack Bilbo, who a short-story agency and translated from many languages. The problems of the young nation are convincingly during the war was the proprietor of an art gallery stated, and an over-all picture is given of the in London off the Haymarket, was once the proud Home j\eip«;^Lilly Freud-Marl^ gave a lectura country and the people, living, working, and build­ owner of Picasso's " La Belle Hollandaise ", which on Sigmund Freud at the invitation of the Uni­ ing there. " Paradies und Feuerofen " is not only was auctioned last month for £55,000. Bilbo, born versity of Manchester.—I. Goldsmith will bring an important film but is also extremely good. in Berlin—his real name is Baruch—has returned Kurt Hoffmann's German film, " Wir Wunder- to his home town, where he runs a souvenir shop kinder ", with an English conunentary by his wife. Another interes'ing film shown for the first time in Bleibtreustrasse, He bought the famous Picasso Vera Caspary, to London.—Egon Larsen lectured in Berlin was Helmut Kaeutner's " Der Rest ist for only £4,500 and sold it for £6,000 to Major on the early German sound films at the German Schweigen," a modem version of " Hamlet" in Harold Rubin, who has now sold it for the record the Germany of today. Unfortunately, it missed Institute. He began by reading what he had the point. Hardy Krueger takes the part of sum. written thirty years ago: " the sound film is Hamlet, who retums from his exile in America US.A.:—Eric Pommer has been awarded the artistically impossible ", and ended with the con­ and tries to find the murderer of his father. Topi­ Federal German Great Cross of Merit.—Robert fession : " I'm glad I was wrong ".—^Peter Zadek. cal problems are brought up, but no solution is Lantz presented his first Broadway production, who has directed many avant-garde plays here, given. Both the writer and director wished to " The Nervous Set ", at New York's Henry Miller's will produce several plays in German during the say too much. But this is one of the better Ger­ Theatre.—George Grosz has left America to settle coming season. man films. If the Berlin Festival helps to make in Berlin again.—Marlene Dietrich has again made This and that:—William Dieterle will direct German films like " Hamlet" known in other a successful appearance at Las Vegas.—Lotte the German film " Herren der Welt" for A, countries, it has achieved its goal. This also applies Lenya assisted David Drew, music critic of Brauner, and will produce Williams' " Sweet Bird to films like "W'' Wunderkinder" and "Hunde London's New Statesman, to write the biography of Youth " on the Berlin stage,—Walter Wicclair wollt ihr ewig Leben." of her late husband, Kurt Weill.—Fritz Kortner's has directed Koestler's " Darkness at Noon" in PEM. son Peter is producing a series of TV plays for English in Berlin.—Kurt Hirschfeld produced C.B,S, " Emilia Galotti "and " Maria Stuart " at Zurich's JOSEPH PLAUT 80 Schauspielhaus.—Dr. Felix Langer's radio play, The well-known humorist Joseph Plaut " So stirbt ein Komoediant", will be broadcast by recen.ly celebrated his 80th birthday in Germany, Radio Beromuenster,—Robert Stolz' new operetta. Readers will remember his numerous .perform­ " Wiener Caf^", will be shown in Krefeld and ances which, until 1933, attracted large audiences. Dortmund next season,—Oskar Kokoschka is to After the Nazis came to power his activities were WINDSOR FURNISHING do the decors for Vienna's Burg,—Painter Jakob restricted to Jewish functions, and he helped us Steinhardt has returned to Israel after a five- to withstand the upheavals of those dark days. COMPANY months' trip to the States,—Walter Goehr, of The selection of his programmes has always been London, conducted Hanns Eisler's " German Sym­ marked by a strong personal touch and comprised 354, EDGWARE ROAD, W.2 phony " in East Beriin's Stafe Opera.—Warwick masterpieces of hterature. For an artist like 'Phone: PADdington 0941 Ward, who was Emil Jannings' and Lya de Putti's Joseph Plaut, whose means of expression is the partner in Dupont's " Variete", celebrated his language, the years of exile were not easy. He 70th birthday in London. bravely met these difficulties by taking up various occupations. However, some years after the end of PEM the war he decided to return to his country of birth. Stockists of all leading makes of His last appearance in England was under the aus­ GERMAN JEWS HONOUR MAX BROD pices of the AJR, In Germany he became popular traditional and modern furniture again after a very short time, not only because To mark the 75th birthday of Max Brod, the Tel his pre-Nazi activities were well remembered but, including : Aviv group of the organisation of immigrants from above all, because his vigour and artistic accom­ Central Europe, Irgun Olej Merkaz Europa. held a plishments had not been impaired by the years G PLAN meeting whereat the poet was the guest of honour. of exile. There is much Jewishness in his human Dr. Tramer, Secretary of lOME, paid tribute to understanding and his general approach to his LINK Max Brod—the writer, artist, philosopher, and art, and he has thus endeared himself especially UNIFLEX Zionist of long standing. Dr, F, Weltsch dealt to our community. We wish Joseph Plaut many with the relationship between Max Brod and happy retums of the day. PUT-U-UP Franz Kafka. Extracts from the writer's works were recited by Manfred Geis. At the conclusion NEW OPERA PRODUCTION of the meeting. Brod himself read from the epilogue of his new book, which describes The Revival Opera Company is to give two 10% discount memories of his \outh in Prague. performances of Meyerbeer's " Les Huguenots" on 26th and 27th October at 7.15 p m. at the offered on all cash sales HELENE THIMIG 70 Scala Theatre, Charlotte Street, London, W.l, The opera is produced by Peter G, Foster and The well-known actress, Helene Thimig, widow includes a number of German-Jewish performers of Max Reinhardt, recently celebrated her 70th in its cast. Tickets are obtainable from the usual EASY TERMS AVAILABLE birthday. In 1933 she went to Hollywood, together ticket agents as well as from the Ben Uri Art with her husband, but returned to Vienna in 1947. Gallery, Coll and see our ronge of bedding, carpets She still appears at Vienna's Theater in der and linos. Josefstadt. DEATH OF GEORGE GROSZ JUNE I9S9 ISSUE If would be greatly appreciated if readers Business hours : 9 a.m.-6 p.m. dally, except George Grosz. the cartoonist, has died in Berhn at the age of 66. He was well-known for his would send unwanted copies of the June, 1959, Thursday, I p.m., and Friday, until 8 p.m. outspoken criticism of bourgeois society before issue of AJR Information to the offices of the Nos. 8, 16, 6, 260 buses pass the door. 1933. When the Nazis came to power Grosz AJR, 8, Fairfax Mansions, London, N.W.3, as emigrated to the United States. He retumed to there is a shortage of that particular Issue. Berlin only a short while ago. Page 8 AJR INFORMATION July/August, 1959 WHAT ISRAELI YOUTH READS TWO PUBLICATIONS ON EARLY ZIONISM At the request of the Israeli Ministry of Education and Culture a survey was recently Many of the men who stood at the cradle of were reflected in their unending discussions. In carried out by the Szold Institute when 1,500 the Zionist Movement are today only legendary the centre of the book stands one of the most pupils between the ages of 16 and 17 attending 66 names even in Zionist circles and, in any case, moving figures of the period, Nathan Birnbaum educational institutions—secondary schools and to the new generation in Israel, but their life and (who adopted the pen-name of Mathias Acher). vocational centres, agricultural schools and even­ ideas are of great interest to the understanding An ever-searching soul, he went all the way from ing classes—were asked which books and authors of the events of the last seventy years, A number materialistic nationalism to Yiddish-loving "All- they read in their leisure time. The results were of them are closely connected with the develop­ judentum" and finally to strict religious observ­ in many respects most instructive. ment of Jewish thought in Central Europe. Let ance of the " Aguda " brand, Birnbaum's corre­ Only one-fifth of the most widely read books us not forget that the language of incipient Zionism spondence with Herzl's Secretary, Dr, Siegmund were original Hebrew works. Since 80 per cent was German. Most of (he early ideological Werner, reveals the tentative and somehow uneasy of the books were novels, the researchers explain struggles took place within the German orbit. It zeal with which the Congress was awaited, and the preponderance of translations by the paucity is always gratifying to save the memory of such Josef Fraenkel has displayed great skill in putting of Hebrew fiction with attractive plots and of high men from obhvion. the whole material in its right perspective. He literary standard especially in the field of modem One of the early pioneers of Zionism in Ger­ also furnishes the reader with all the dates neces­ prose. More than a third of the youngsters pre­ many was Dr, M, I, Bodenheimer, bom 1865, sary for better understanding, including ample ferred translated to original Hebrew works. Every in Stuttgart, who lived in Cologne (died 1940 in footnotes giving short biographies of scores of translated work was read by 6.5 pupils, while the Jerusalem), and who was a Zionist even before men who took a leading part in early Zionism. average for original Hebrew works was 4.8. Herzl, but became one of Herzl's closest and Tolstoy headed the list of favourite foreign most faithful collaborators after the publication ROBERT WELTSCH. authors, followed by Cronin, Pearl Buck, Stein­ of "Der Judenstaat" in 1896 and the convening beck and Dostoyevsky. The most popular of the First Basle Congress, Bodenheimer wrote MAJOR FOLEY FOREST Hebrew authors were Moshe Shamir, S. I. Agnon, his own autobiography,* but this could be pub­ As reported in our previous issue, a group of Ch. N. Bialik, Yigal Mossinson and Aharon lished only posthumously by his daughter, who Jews from Germany decided to honour the Meged. deserves the gratitude of all those interested in memory of Major E. F. Foley, one-time British Victor Hugo's " Les Miserables " held first place this rich material. He came from assimilated Passport Control OflBcer in Germany, by planting amongst the books read. All the twenty most Jewish stock, and was deeply shocked by the a forest in Israel in his name. The first trees have widely read books were prose works. One quarter Russian pogroms of the 'eighties and 'nineties. He now been planted, and the consecration of the of the books were war books, and another fifth became an indefatigable Zionist, a delegate to forest recently took place. on topics connected with war. The extent to most Congresses (where he often presided). He The memorial stone was unveiled by Dr, which the subject of war occupies the minds of accompanied Herzl on his first visit to Palestine, Siegfried Moses, State Comptroller of Israel, who Israeli youth is remarkable and gives food for he stood at the head of the Jewish National Fund, was one of the last Chairmen of the Zionist thought. he was involved in many political, ideological, Organisation in Germany. Mr. Benno Cohn, in No less inJteresting is the information of how and practical controversies, A chapter of special his address, recalled that the climax of Major much is being read by whom. The average youth interest is devoted to his intervention, together Foley's activities in Berlin was reached during in Israel between 13 and 17 years of age, accord­ with other public men, for the East European the weeks after the November pogroms. At that ing to this study, reads one book per month, i.e. Jews during the First World War, when Poland, time innumerable women collected outside the 50 books in the four years under survey. Girls, Lithuania, and the Ukraine were occupied by the British Consulate, hoping for visas so that their on the whole, read more than boys, who seem Germans. husbands could be released from concentration to be content with about ten books per year. All these activities and experiences, also his camps. Major Foley was at their disposal day Most surprising is the classification of the youth­ opinions and judgments, often his criticisms, are and night, and went out of his way to help. He ful readers according to their parents' countries contained in this book. Many Zionist and Jewish was, said Mr. Cohn, a genuine Christian to whom of origin. It appears that the children of parents personalities with whom he came in contact, are the commandment " Love Thy Neighbour" was from Central and Western Europe read the least, described and appraised, and even if a reader does very real. At the same time Major Foley was even less than children from Oriental countries. not share all of Bodenheimer's views, it is always active in the political sphere, passing on to the It must be left to psychologists and social useful to learn the thoughts and motives of a British authorities accounts of the atrocities com­ researchers to find the causes for this amazing respected leader, and a man of great integrity. mitted which came to his notice. development, which may be a militant reaction It throws instructive light on almost half a century It is intended to augment the size of the against the mental outlook of their parents, or of Jewish endeavours. memorial forest, and contributions are still indicative of a swing away from intellectual values Another little volume* takes us back to the days required. Jews from Germany who found refuge altogether. Children of parents from Russia, of hectic preparation for the First Zionist Con­ in this country have a particular debt of gratitude Poland and Lithuania read about 62 books (in gress in Basle. Expectations were high among to Major Foley. four years); of Balkan parents—44 ; of " Sabras " the young Jewish intellectuals dedicated to Herzl's Several readers have expressed their desire to —44; of parents from Oriental countries—28 ; idea, but experience was scarce, and many doubts be associated with the scheme, and it is hoped and of parents from Central and Western Europe that many others will follow their example. In —21. * Max Bodenbeimer : So Wnrde bmcl. Aus der Geschicbte order to facilitate the sending of donations to the Secondary school children in the three large der zionistischen Bewegung. 324 Seiten. mit zahlreichcn Doku- fund in Israel, contributions may be sent to the cities—Jerusalem, Tel Aviv and Haifa—have the menten und 10 canzseitigen Tafeln. Ganzletnen DM 19.50, Kartoniert DM 17.50. Europaische Verlagsanstali, Frankfun- AJR, 8 Fairfax Mansion, London, N.W.3, and highest average—71 books, and pupils of voca­ am-Main. they will be transferred en bloc to Tel Aviv tional schools the lowest—31. Forty per cent of the students investigated were members of youth t Josef Fraenkel : Mathlas Achcrs Kampf on die Zionskrone. with a list of the donors. Cheques should be •I 94 pp. and Index. Verlag Judische Rundschau Maccabi Basel, made payable to the Association of Jewish movements who had read an average of 56 books 1959. Refugees, and earmarked " Major Foley Forest ", apiece, as compared with 44 for non-members. The researchers conclude from this that member­ ship in youth movements encourages reading and The ASSOCIATION OF JEWISH REFUGEES needs YOUR helo .' I( each member would get does not, as is so often presumed, take up time )nst one friend to fill In the form hereunder, our work would be tremendously advanced. Now, that might have been used for this purpose more than ever, we need the support of all members of the community, young and old. Our work H.F. in the sphere of sociai services is rapidly increasing. We are actively engaged in the management of three Old Age Homes, and are preparing plans for further Homes, apart from many other activities TWENTY YEARS BETH YFTZCHAK such as the constant care for the interests of the community in matters of restitution and At the end of June the twentieth anniversary indemniiication and questions of taxation. of the village Beth Yitzchak, near Nathanya, in Approach one or more of your friends NOW to become a member of the AJR. Israel, was celebrated. This is one of the most successful settlements of middle-class Jews from Germany and other Central European countries Dale. who decided to change their way of life and The Secretary, founded an agricultural village. The funds were Association of Jewish Refugees in Great Brilain, derived from a legacy by the late Yitzchak Feuerring, who during the 'twenties and early 8, Fairfax Mns., 'thirties was one of the leading Zionists in Ger­ LONDON. N.W.3. many. After his premature death, Mrs. Feuerring I herewith join ihe Association of Jewish Refugees in Great Britain al a inonthly I yearly (now in New York) decided that the memory of her husband would be most efl^ectively honoured contribution of £ (the usiud mirumum contribution is £2 per year). I enclose: by establishing a village of middle-class Jews, an idea which Feuerring had strongly cherished Contribution from to £ during his lifetime. After twenty years, the one­ Voluntary additiomd donation of • £ time waste has been transformed into a flourish­ ing community in beautiful surroundings. Friends (delete if not applicable) -~—^——^— of Feuerring assembled there to commemorate the occasion. NAME. (in block letters) 19«1 PRESS CONGRESS IN TEL AVIV ADDRESS. The International Press Institute, which recently held its congress in BerHn, decided to hold its 1961 convention in Tel Aviv. The I960 congress will be held in Tokyo. AJR INFORMATION July/August, 1959 Page 9 now, with Warburg's help, reaUse many projects. Josef Fraenkel Warburg encouraged the immigration of Yemenites to Palestine, he concerned himself with the construction of homes for Jewish workers THE THIRD PRESIDENT OF THE ZIONIST ORGANISATION and for better hygiene. He fought for the intro­ duction of Hebrew at the Technical Institute in 100th Anniversary of Otto Warburg's Birth Haifa and worked for the establishment of the Professor Otto Warburg was a botanist. He tions of Zionist colonisation were laid. Plans Hebrew University. and a few other Jews, like Ferdinand Julius Cohn, were prepared, a scientific periodical Altneuland In Germany Zionism was considered an Paul Ascherson and Nathaniel Pnngsheitn, (later Palaestina) was published and institutions " English " concern and in England a " German " became Professors of Botany at universities in established. one. When The Times of September 20th, 1912, Germany and enjoyed an international reputation Otto Warburg gradually gained prestige in the described Zionism as having " a predominantly But Otto Warburg also belongs to the history of movement. At the Seventh Zionist Congress in German-Jewish character " which would strengthen Zionism. His love of plants led him to Jewish 1905, the first to take place without Herzl, he German influence in Palestine, Warburg wrote a colonisation. . , . „. . reported on the activities of the Commission letter to The Times asserting that actually more Theodor Herzl immortalised him in his Zionist (Uganda) and, as is known, the Congress declined English than German was spoken in Palestine, novel "Altneuland", pubhshed in 1902, There, the British offer. Warburg underlined that Warburg came to London in 1913 to address the Warburg is depicted as "Hamburger", who is Palestine was the only country suitable for Jewish conference of the Zionist Federation, He also colonisation and declared that practical work realised at last that it would be necessary to charged with the task of obtaining eucalyptus have the help of England and that very soon it trees and seedlings of Mediterranean flora and would facilitate the granting of the " Charter". He supported private initiative in establishing would become advisable to transfer the Political transplanting them "for the benefit and orna­ many institutions, helped to found the Bezalel Department of the Zionist Organisation from mentation " of Palestine. Warburg did achieve it Berlin to London, but Herzl never dreamed that this same "Ham­ School of Arts and Crafts, propagated at that time by Professor Boris Schatz, introduced the When the war broke out he remained in Berlin, burger " or Warburg would, nine years later, planting of olive trees and suggested the idea of become the President of the Zionist Organisation. He continued with his task and intervened with the Herzl Forest. Warburg was one of the the German Govemment on many occasions to Otto Warburg, born on July 20th, 1859, in Ham­ founders of the Agricultural Research Station, the burg, belonged to an old-established and dis­ save Jewish colonies from complete destruction. Palestine Land Development Company, the Professor Otto Warburg stayed on as President tinguished family ; he received a good German Palestine Industrial Syndicate and many other upbringing, studied at Bonn and, as was the of the Zionist Organisation until the first large institutions for promoting colonisation in Pales­ post-war Zionist Conference in London of July custom at that time, at other universities too : tine. He can aptly be described as " a founder ". BerUn, Munich, Strassbourg and Tuebingen. Two 1920, when Chaim Weizmann was elected Presi­ He was always occupied with plans but also had dent, At the Twelfth Zionist Congress in Carls­ years after receiving his doctorate, he travelled the ability to realise them. in Asia and spent a few years on research work bad (1921), the first to be held after the Balfour to perfect his knowledge of tropical plants. At The Seventh Zionist Congress elected David Declaration, he reported on the activities of the the age of 32 he was appointed lecturer at the Wolffsohn as President of the Zionist Organisation Jewish National Fund, He spoke, as usual, like University of Berlin and in 1897 became Pro­ and Warburg as a member of the Zionist Executive. the scientist he was, quietly and objectively, Wolffsohn, who carried on with the political work quoting figures and putting forward new pro­ fessor of Botanies. He was a scientist eager to posals. But he was no Party man and was not discover the mysteries of nature. He helped to of Herzl, greatly appreciated Warburg's qualities and regarded him as "honesty itself". But re-elected to the Executive. He remained the establish the Zeitschrift fuer tropische Landwirt- there were differences between the two as the practical Zionist, loved the beauty of Palestine, schafl and published several studies, among them botanist withdrew more and more from political visiting the country every year, lecturing on "Die Kulturpflanze der Weltwirtschaft" (1907) Zionism, which he described as " a phantom ". botanies at the Hebrew University and supervising and three volumes of "Die Pflanzenwelt" (1913- the work of the Agricultural Research Station in 1922). He was completely absorbed in agricul­ In the meantime the opposition against Wolff­ Tel Aviv (later in Rehovoth). tural problems and in German colonisation, sohn did not decrease. Chaim Weizmann, at that scarcely aware of the Jewish question which was time an admirer of German Zionism, used to He witnessed the growth of anti-Semitism in quite alien to him. criticise Wolffsohn bitterly, calling him the Germany and Hitler's accession to power. He Gustav G. Cohen, of Hamburg, who after read­ " soicher" (tradesman). He and the old died on January 10th, 1938, and his ashes were opponents of Herzl did not believe in the success taken to Palestine, The " Warburg Period" or ing George Eliot's " Daniel Deronda " became a of political Zionism. They could not imagine the " Berlin Period" in Zionist history was not Zionist, drew Warburg's attention to the Hovevei how Palestine could be won at a conference table. distinguished by political activities but was cer­ Zion Society " Ezra" in Berlin. Cohen, whose The opposition grew in strength and Zionism was tainly rich in practical achievements. daughter Anne became Warburg's wife and was gradually retuming to the old Hovevei Zion later one of the co-founders of the Union of ideology. In the course of this fierce straggle, Jewish Women for Cultural Work in Palestine in directed mainly against Wolffsohn, Warburg was 1907, was a friend of Herzl and a delegate to the nominated as candidate to the Presidency. War­ First Zionist Congress in Beriin in 1897. Very burg was really not interested and it was almost soon Warburg, who had originally sho\yn an against his will that he was persuaded and cajoled interest, on humanitarian grounds, in colonisation into accepting this high office. for Rumanian Jews, became a shekel holder. The With the compliments of membership of a Professor was a great boost for Headquarters Moved to Berlin the Zionist movement in Germany. Hermann Schapira, who was a veteran Zionist and a Pro­ Already at the Ninth Zionist Congress in 1909, fessor at Heidelberg University, had merely Weizmann presented a list of names for a new been an " Ostjude", whereas Warburg was by Zionist Executive, at the top of which was War­ contrast a real West-European. At the begin­ burg, but Wolffsohn was omitted. The delegates WERNER & EDGAR ning, Warburg addressed meetings of the Union revolted against this proposal, Warburg, too, of Jewish Students in Berlin and encouraged its would not accept election " under such condi­ members to support the new movement. Herzl tions", Finally the old Executive (Wolffsohn, LIMITED met him in Berlin and assured him that he would Warburg and Kahn) was re-elected. But Wolff­ always be prepared to participate in practical sohn was tired and ill and did not want to stand work for Palestine. Herzl hoped to begin mass again as President at the Tenth Zionist Congress colonisation, after receiving the " Charter", and in 1911 although he, who (as Dr, Osias Thon put intended to entrast Warburg with many important it), " not only preserved the heritage of Herzl but missions. Later he invited him together with Dr. also enriched it", could have again been Presi­ Franz Oppenheimer to Vienna and already at that dent, So an Executive was elected without Wolff­ time discussed the establishment and programme sohn, Warburg, who continued to direct the of a " Palestine Commission" with them. Palestine Department, became Chairman of the Chaimian of Uganda Commission Executive, The headquarters of the Zionist Organisation moved from Cologne to Berlin Otto Warburg appeared for the first time as a (Saechsische Strasse), S delegate at the Sixth Zionist Congress in 1903. This Congress dealt with the motion to appoint Warburg was to be the bridge between the a Commission to study the possibihties of Jewish Executive and Herzl's old opponents who for so colonisation in the East African territory (Uganda) long had striven to obtain control of the move­ offered by the British Govemment. Warburg, ment but still could not agree on the allocation who was one of the " Yes-Sayers", became of roles, Warburg had no lust for power nor Chairman of this Commission consisting of nine was he a dramatic fighter, but as the leader of members, among them Joseph Cowen. Leopold the Zionist Organisation he was the right person Greenberg, Leopold Kessler and Chaim Weiz­ to introduce the new era of practical Zionism, mann. He was peace-loving, wanted harmony within the The same Congress also elected a " Palestine Zionist Organisation and was a conciliatory Commission " to examine the economic, technical, influence. 93, Wigmore Street, legal and geographical problems of the country. The Eleventh Congress, too, held in Vienna This Commission consisted of three experts: the (1913), the last before the outbreak of the war, London, W.l. botanist Warburg, the economist Oppenheimer confirmed his leadership. He was bristling with and the agriculturist Dr. Selig Soskin ; it had its new plans and new enterprises to consolidate headquarters in Berlin and an annual budget of Jewish Palestine. Dr. Arthur Ruppin. the expert 15,000 francs. In this manner the preparatory on Zionist colonisation who had been won over practical work was begun and soon the founda- by Wolffsohn to direct the Palestine Office, could Page 10 AJR INFORMATION July/August. 1959 ARTHUR HAUSDORFF IN MEMORIAM Mr. Arthur Hausdorffi passed away suddenly in DR. HANS KLEE DR. JACOB SEGALL his 81st year. Prior to his emigration he was a lawyer in Breslau. Mr. Hausdorff was associated It is leamed with deep regret that Dr. Hans Dr. Jacob Segall passed away in Tel Aviv in with work for German Jewry since he joined the Klee has passed away in Switzerland at the age of his 76th year. Prior to his emigration, he was a students' fraternity K.C., and loyalty to the mem­ 53. As the son of the late Dr. Alfred Klee, the medical practitioner in Berlin. At the same time, bers of the K.C. motivated his life both before prominent leader of the German Zionist Move­ he rendered outstanding services to Jewish research and after his emigration. At tbe same time he ment and of the Berlin Jewish community, he was and social work as an expert statistician and took part in the work of the Lodges and of many actively associated with the cause of Zionism and sociologist. He was head of the Buero fuer other Jewish organisations. For many years Mr. many other Jewish ventures throughout his life. Statistik der Juden e.V. in Berlin, which for some Hausdorff also was closely connected with the In Switzerland, where he emigrated after his legal time also issued the Zeitschrift fuer Demoigraphie AJR and by his signal services contributed to career was cut short by the events of 1933, he tind Stalistik der Juden. His works also include laying the foundations of the organisation. He was President of the Swiss Organisation of General a statistical pubhcation on the German Jews in the leaves a wide circle of personal friends, all of Zionists and a Vice-President of the Zionist 1914-1918 war. For several years, Dr, Segall was whom felt deeply attached to him by virtue of Federation of Switzerland ; he was also a member Secretary of the Zentralwohlfahrtsstelle der of the " Aktionsausschuss " of the Zionist World deutschen Juden. He continued his work as a his kindness, helpfulness, and vitaUty. We extend Organisation. From 1954 to 1957 he was Editor medical practitioner and as a statistician in Israel. our sympathies to his daughter and son-in-law, of the Israelilische WochenblatI (Zurich). Hans Mr. and Mrs. A. Kleyff. He will be remembered with gratitude by all who knew him, Klee was an impressive speaker and a gifted jour­ LUDWIG ULLMANN nahst. Above all, however, he was a personality. His work was based on a deep knowledge of the The author and theatre critic Ludwig Ullmann ELSE ROSENBERG problems involved and his enthusiasm knew no died in New York in his 73rd year. Prior to his limits. emigration he held a position with the Vienna Dr. Leo Loewensohn, Chairman of the AJR On his visits to London he would invariably Allgemeine Zeiturkg. In America he was the Glasgow group, writes: contact the honorary officers of the AJR and of correspondent for several German and Austrian " Our community has suffered a grievous loss the Council of Jews from Germany, most of whom newspapers after the war. His unfinished " History by the death of Mrs. Rosenberg. She came to had known him through past common activities of the World Theatre " will shortly be published. this country from BerUn with her husband, Dr. in Germany. As the Council has no organised C. Rosenberg, a well-known international lawyer affiKate in Switzerland, his information on the DR. IGNATZ ZADEK and author of a Commentary on International position of the German Jews in Switzerland was Marriage Law, which was much used and quoted particularly valuable. Dr. Ignatz Zadek recently died in Berlin. Born in Germany before the war. She had a strong in BerUn in 1887, the oldest son of the well- personality, always interested in the welfare of The untimely death of Hans Klee is mourned by known Socialist doctor Julius Zadek, he studied a wide circle of friends and fellow-workers, and in Berlin, Freiburg and Munich. Until 1932 he people in need. The marriage guidance movement his devotion to Jewry and Zionism will always was director of the internal diseases department found in her a great supporter, and she was very be remembered with gratitude and respect, at the municipal hospital of Berlin-Neukoelln. active also in other spheres of social life. After the war he became director of Policlinic III " In Glasgow she and her husband have done SIEGMUND ADLER and of the municipal hospital in Neukoeln. Dr. much to further the cultural and material interest Siegmund Adler, the noted collector of rare Zadek was a specialist in pulmonary diseases, and of their fellow refugees. She became a member postage stamps, died in New York at the age of many of hi* books and treatises deal with this of the Council of the Glasgow Jewish Refugee 85, He was born in Frankfurt and went subject. Society and was elected President of the M.R.A.S. to America as a youth. Until his retirement he (Mutual Refugee Aid Society), which oflfice she was chief auditor of the American Metal Com­ J. L. FEUCHTWANGER held until her death. Apart from work in these pany Ltd. Mr. Adler was a philatelist for more Dr. Jakob Leo Feuchtwanger, who was a institutions to which she devoted much time, she than forty years and made several presentations director of the Board of the W. Feuchtwanger was always ready to assist individual refugees, to of his rare collections to hospitals and to the Bank in Munich, has died in Tel Aviv at the age visit them and to give them useful advice and Philatelic Foundation in America. of 67. From 1917 to 1920 he worked at the assistance whenever needed. A born leader, she Institute for Maritime Trade and World Economy had great influence on her friends and acquaint­ OTTO HAAS-HEYE in Kiel, and thereafter joined the banking firm of ances by whom she was much respected." Professor Otto Haas-Heye, the well-known I. L. Feuchtwanger in Munich. After the dis­ authority on dress fashions, died in Mannheim solution of the firm in 1936, he emigrated to DR. JULIUS LOEWY shortly before his SOth birthday. He was one of Israel, where he again founded an I. L. Feucht­ the founders of the Reichsverband der Mode and, wanger Bank. As its General Manager and later It is leamed with regret that the dental surgeon, until 1933, taught at the Academy of Arts and as Director of Feuchtwanger Ltd. in London and Dr. Julius Loewy (formerly Hamburg), passed at the Reimann-Schule in Berlin, He also of the Feuchtwanger Corporation in New York, away in London on July 26th at the age of 58. designed sets for the stage. In 1933 he emigrated he was a prominent figure in the banking world He was ill for a long time and his death at a to London, where he established a reputation for and contributed towards the development of comparatively early age will be deeply mourned his hand-woven fabrics. He returned to Germany Israel's economy. by all who knew him. Dr. Loewy was a kind- a few years ago, hearted man who always took a great personal SUSANNE ZADEK interest in the well-being of his patients. At the L J. LINDNER, Q.C. same time he was a loyal friend especially to the Mrs. Susanne Zadek passed away in London members of his Students' Fraternity " Salia". Brought up to have a deep attachment to the Mr. Ingram J, Lindner, Q,C., has died at the age after a long, bravely home illness. In Berlin, country of his birth, the events after 1933, of Ap. He was a leading advocate and was where she lived prior to her emigration, she took including his incarceration in a concentration regarded as an expert on union and company an active part in the Jewish life of the 'twenties. camp, had greatly affected him. We express our matters. When, a few years after the end of the First World sincerest sympathy to his widow, who did every­ Mr. Lindner held honorary ofiices with many War, the Berlin Jewish Community established a thing possible to ease his sufferings during the Jewish organisations. He was a member of the Labour Exchange oflfice, she was put in charge of last years of his life. Board of Deputies for six years, and was the department. She also participated in the work associated with the Jewish Board of Guardians, for the " Juedische Volksheim ", a settlement set the British Technion Committee, and the local up in the Dragoner Strasse for the benefit of young ALFRED HERSCHAFT group of the Friends of the Hebrew University. Jewish immigrants from Eastem Europe, which proved to have a great influence on the develop­ It is learned with regret that Mr. Alfred The Jewish victims from Nazi persecution have ment of the Zionist youth movement in Berlm. In Herschaft recently passed away in London. He added reason to moum the early death of this this country, Mrs. Zadek served for several years held a leading and widely respected position in gifted and helpful man, who was also a Board on the administrative staff of the United Resti­ the textile trade both in Berlin, where he lived member of the United Restitution Organisation. tution Oflfice, until her illness forced her to resign. prior to his emigration, and in this country, where In this capacity he displayed great understanding Mrs. Zadek will be gratefully remembered by all he was the founder of Hertie Ltd. He always for the manifold problems involved in the work, who knew her as a helpful and warm-hearted had strong sympathy for the needs of his less and by virtue of his legal knowledge was also a woman of wide interests. fortunate fellow-Jews, and lent his support to the great asset to the Organisation. AJR since its inception. He will be gratefully DR. F. MENDERSHAUSEN remembered by all who knew him. We express PROFESSOR EUGEN ALTSCHUL our sincerest sympathies to his family. Professor Eugen Altschul has died in Kansas Dr. Fritz Mendershausen (Haifa) has died at the age of 65, as the result of an accident. DR. HANNS FREUND City. Mo., U.S.A., in his 73rd year. Until 1933 Prior to his emigration to Israel, Dr. Mender­ he was head of the Frankfurt Institute for Market shausen was a well-known lawyer in Koethean The lawyer, Dr. Hanns Freund, died in Berlin Research, and was the editor of its reports. (Anhalt) and was, at the same time, actively at the age of 57. He survived the war in hiding DR. IRMA KLAUSNER-CRONHEIM interested in Jewish community work. In Haifa in BerUn, and took a leading part in the work he was a legal adviser at the United Restitution of the Berlin Jewish community since its re-estab­ Dr. Irma Klausner-Cronheim has died in New Oflfice. lishment. He was Deputy Chairman of the York at the age of 85. She was the first woman His sudden death is deeply moumed by all who Repraesentanz of the Jewish community in West admitted to practise medicine in Germany. knew him. BerUn. AJR INFORMATION July/August. 1959 Page II TONI FRANKFURTHER 90 BIRTHDAY TRIBUTES Mrs. Toni Frankfurther (nee Sternberg), of Id Belsize Park Gardens. N.W.3. celebrated LADY HENRIQUES 70 DR. LUDWIG GUTTMANN 60 her 90th birthday on July 12th. She comes from a well-known Berlin Jewish family, Her father, Jews from Central Europe have special reason Dr, Ludwig Guttmann, O.B.E., the famous Hermann Sternberg, was the founder of an for associating themselves with the good wishes neurologist, celebrated his 60th birthday on July important textile-manufacturing firm and played a expressed to Lady Henriques on the occasion of her 3rd. As the Director of the Ministry of Health's notable part in the economic and industrial Ufe of 70th birthday on August 17th. Among the many Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville, he has the capital in the second half of the last century. Jewish causes to which she has been devoted in done sterling work in the treatment of paraplegics, Toni Frankfurther, the mother of four children, the course of her activiues as a welfare worker, which applies especially to disabled soldiers, and has spent the greater part of her life in BerUn. the well-being of the Nazi victims has always been his advice is sought by governments all over the There she was active in Jewish welfare, cared particularly near to her heart. Whilst this is world. In recognition of his services, he was personally for distressed famiUes, collected funds mainly due to her ardent desire to render con­ awarded the O.B.E. in 1950. structive help wherever and whenever it is for the Pfundspende der juedischen Winterhilfe required, the fact {hat her family originally hailed Until 1933 Dr. Guttmann was a Reader at the and worked for the Olga-Stern-Heim for the from Germany may also have influenced her University of Breslau and then, until 1939, when Aged and the Lehnitz Convalescent Home. Her inclinations. She is the grand-daughter of the he emigrated to this country. Director of the devotion to the tasks of Jewish welfare found its well-known Orientalist Louis Loewe, who was Neurological Department of the Jewish Hospital recognition on her election as a member of the born in Silesia and settled in this country. in Breslau. Vorstand des Juedischen Frauenbundes (Com­ mittee of the Association of Jewish Women). In Together with her husband. Sir Basil Henriques, Since his student days, when he joined the K.C. 1941 she emigrated to Buenos Aires to join her she has rendered signal services, especially at the Fraternity, Dr. Guttmann has always taken an younger son. In 1953 she came to join her elder head of the Bernhard Baron Settlement in the East active interest in Jewish affairs. He has been son and his family in London, Since then she has End. After the war. Lady Henriques was Chair­ associated with the AJR since its inception and. lived quietly in England, but is still full of energy man of the German Department of the Jewish as a member of the Board, has not only enhanced and takes a vivid interest in current events. We Committee for Relief Abroad. In this capacity the standing of the organisation, but has also extend our sincerest congratulations to her, she organised assistance to the Jews in Germany rendered active help on many occasions. His in the D.P, camps and in the communities. At achievements have added lustre to the name of our that time she closely co-operated with many community. DR. WILHELM ADLER 85 responsible officers of the AJR, We are happy We extend our sincerest congratulations to Dr. Dr. Wilhelm Adler celebrated his 85th birth­ that these contacts have been resumed, and even Guttmann on this occasion. day on July 9th. Prior to his emigration, he was intensified, since the establishment of the Homes a well-known dental surgeon in Berlin. He has for the Aged. been a member of the AJR since its inception, Lady Henriques is a member of the Building and closely co-operated with the organisation on Committee set up for the estabUshment and run­ MARTIN SOBOTKER 60 behalf of the dentists from Germany who were ning of these Homes and her advice, based on Martin Sobotker, well-known to many in our not admitted to the Dentists' Register in this thorough practical experience, has always been midst because of the leading position he held in country. After many years of labour, this problem particularly valuable. Her birthday gives us a the German-Jewish youth movement, recently was solved to some extent by the promulgation of welcome opportunity for thanking her for all she celebrated his 60th birthday in New York. He the new Dentists' Act. Due to the lapse of time, has done, and we wish her many years to come was for many years associated with the " Deutsch- however, he himself, like several other colleagues of undiminished health, marked by continued Juedische Jugend-Gemeinschaft" (D.J.J.G.), and of his age, could no longer benefit from the pro­ services to her fellow-men. many young people were guided by his leadership visions of the Act. On the happy occasion of during the formative years of their lives. The his birthday we wish to thank Dr. Adler for his social aspect of communal work was always services to his fellow-refugees and extend to him PROFESSOR EDUARD HEIMANN 70 particularly near to his heart. When, in 1933, he our sincerest congratulations. had to give up his professional activities as a The well-known economist, Professor Eduard lawyer—he was an assistant to the well-known Heimann recently celebrated his 70th birthday in tax specialist. Dr. Max Lion—it was, therefore, DR. MARIE HEYNEMANN 75 New York, Prior to his emigration he held a only natural that the BerUn Jewish Community Mr. W. Sternfeld writes: Chair at Hamburg University, where his lectures made use of his experience by appointing him on the function of socialism in human society head of their Youth Department. The problems " Dr. Marie Heynemann, the art historian, educa­ greatly influenced many of his students. After facing the young Jewish generation after the Nazis tionalist, author and translator, celebrated her he had been forced to leave Germany in 1933 he had come to power, called for new measures 75th birthday on July 9th in Klosters. became Professor of the New School for Social of constructive help, and here Martin Sobotker Prior to her emigration she was, for many years, Research in New York, Professor Heimann has, rendered signal services. head of the Child Guidance Bureau of the Volks­ since the end of the war, often been a guest lec­ He emigrated first to Sweden and from there hochschule in Magdeburg, and was a psychologist turer in Germany, especially in Hamburg and to the United States, He is now the Executive at the local Juvenile Court. She was also in charge Goettingen. Director of the Congregation Habonim (New of a children's Home. After coming to this York), This congregation of former German Jews, country, she acted as a psychologist to the Jewish which was founded twenty years ago under the Refugees' Committee. spiritual leadership of Rabbi Dr, Hugo Hahn Before 1933 Dr. Heynemann also contributed (formerly Essen), is now firmly consolidated due to the Frankfurter Zeilung and other German to a great extent to the devotion and the publications. After her emigration, she contributed Ackermans administrative gifts of Martin Sobotker, His regularly to the periodical New Health, and also many friends in this country wish him many wrote scripts for the German section of the BBC. successful years to come, in undiminished health She was a friend of the poets Reinhold Schneider and vigour. and Ernest Wiechert, and translated some of the Chocolates latter's works into English, For health reasons Dr, Heynemann now lives in De Luxe JACOB HECHT 80 Switzerland, Mr. Jacob Hecht celebrated his 80th birthday Her numerous friends wish her many happy • on June 25th. Last year, his native community, years of undiminished health and activity." IN BEAUTIFULLY DESIGNED Gondelsheim in Baden, granted honorary citizen­ ship to him. He is the " Nestor" of European DR. HANS BLUM 60 PRESENTATION BOXES river and canal traflfic, having begun his career in this field before 1900. Dr. Hans Blum celebrated his 60th birthday on July 2nd. Through his work as a lawyer, he * Since 1908 he has, together with his brother, has proved a most helpful and trusted friend to headed the Rhenania Group, which they founded many in our midst. At the same time, he has with Mannheim as its domicile. Mr. Hecht now always rendered voluntary services to various 43, Kensington Church St. lives in Basle, where he is President of the organisations built up by German Jews in this Neptune Steamship Company. country. He is the Treasurer of the Association London, W.8 The Rhenania Group has, since the end of the of Democratic Lawyers, an Executive and Board war. invested about 75 million marks for recon­ member of the New Liberal Jewish Congregation, WES. 4359 struction purposes. Of this amount, 7 million and a member of the Legal Panel of the Ex- marks alone was set aside for investment in the Service (N'.B.) Association; he also belongs to and Neckar River Port of Stuttgart. the Board of the organisation of former members Mr. Hecht is a member of the Jewish Congrega­ of the Students' Fraternity, F.W.V. In all his tion of Basle, and also supports the Basle activities, Dr. Blum has excelled by steadfast 9, Goldhurst Terrace, IsraeUtische Fuersorge. The young State of Israel devotion and a strong setise of duty. The AJR, is indebted to his son, Reuben, who established with whose efforts he has been associated for many Finchley Road, N.W.6 the huge grain silo in the port of Haifa, sup­ years, joins his numerous friends in wishing him MAI, 2742 ported by the expert advice and financial help of health, happiness, and success for many years Mr. Jacob Hecht. to come. Page 12 AJR INFORMATION July/August, 1959 FROM THE GERMAIN SCENE RESISTANCE OF JULY 20th 1944 DEATH OF HERMANN LUEDEMANN ANNE FRANK REMEMBRANCE COMMEMORATED The Social Democrat poUtician Hermann Foundation-stone for Village Laid To commemorate the resistance fighters of July Luedemann has died in Kiel at the age of 79. 20th 1944, the Inspector-General of the Federal After the First World War he was, for some Otto Frank laid the foundation-stone in German Army, General Heusinger, issued an time, the Prussian Minister of Finance and was Wuppertal, West Germany, for a village narned a member of the Prussian Diet. He was Ober­ after his daughter, Anne Frank, The village is being Order of the Day in which he paid tribute to the praesident of Lower Silesia from 1928 to 1933, members of the German Army who, together built for displaced persons by a European move­ when he was imprisoned by the Nazis, After the ment founded by the Rev, Dominique Georges with other sections of the resistance movement, war he was Minister of the Interior and later died a martyr's death fifteen years ago. Pi re, a Belgian priest who won the Nobel Prize Prime Minister of the Land Schleswig-Holstein, last year for his work among refugees. The site Memorial meetings took place at the Berlin until his retirement, was donated by the City of Wuppertal, University, the Berlin-Ploetzensee Prison, Bonn, Five similar villages in other Westem European and many other places in Germany, A youth ACTION AGAINST ANTI-NAZI PAPER countries have been founded by Father Pire s rally was held in BerUn, organised jointly by the movement, and Father Pire himself donated Socialist Youth Organisation, " Die Falken ", and Erich Kaub, Chairman of the General Student $20,000—about half the cash value of the Nobel the Protestant and CathoUc youth groups. Committee at the Heidelberg University, has Prize—for the construction of the Anne Frank revealed that a Heidelberg lower court confiscated Village, the May issue of a student monthly which con­ HUNGARIAN FASCISTS TO LEAVE demned the revival of Nazi thinking among a Scholarships Awarded BAVARIA nationalist student group. The paper had accused the National Union of Students of being a Amongst the ten recipients of scholarships of According to reports from Munich, the fascist organisation engaging in subversive anti­ the Anne Frank Foundation of Frankfurt, iont Bavarian Minister of the Interior has given instrac- democratic and anti-Semitic activities. In order­ Hebrew University students have been chosen. The tions that the editors and publishers of the anti- ing confiscation of the monthly, the magistrate scholarship, for study in Western Germany and Semitic papers Hidverock and Cel, which claim to said the article had " attacked the honour and other European countries, is for one year, and is be the organs of the Hungarian refugees Uving in personal rights of members of the B.N.S.". from royalties and revenues donated jointly by the Bavaria, be asked to leave the Federal Republic The nationalist students' paper Student und author Emst Schnabel, the publishers, Fischer as soon as possible. The reason given was that Volk had published numerous articles supporting Verlag and the North German radio service, holder these persons were undesirable because of their Nazi racist theories, and recently asserted that of the broadcasting rights of the book " In the anti-democratic and anti-Semitic activities. The the estimate of six million Jews murdered was Footsteps of Anne Frank ". report says that the Hungarians will be told to largely exaggerated. seek asylum in another European country. 30th Birthday Commemorated "ANKLAGE" EDITOR GAOLED To commemorate the 30th birthday of Ann^ Robert Kremer, former editor and publisher Frank in Frankfurt, the Organisation for Liberty INVESTIGATION AGAINST GENERAL and Human Dignity, together with the Association RAMCKE of the neo-Nazi and anti-Semitic periodical Die Anklage, was convicted by the Federal Supreme of Nazi Persecutees, organised a meeting jn Court at Karlsruhe for pubhshing and circulating Frankfurt under the motto " Fuer MenschUchkeit- The Public Prosecutor of Kiel has started investi­ gegen Nationalismus und Rassenwahn". The gations against the former General Ramcke and literature directed against the constitution and for defaming the Federal German Republic, its demo­ speakers were Dr. van Dam, General Secretary the lawyer Dr. Massmann, both of whom are of the Zentralrat of the Jews in Germany, H. G- suspected of slander against the President of the cratic regime and the victims of Nazi persecution. He was sentenced to two years' imprisonment. Sellenthin, the writer, and G, WijsmuUer, Secre­ Federal Parliament, Gerstenmaier. tary of the Anne Frank Endowment in Amsterdam. PENSION FOR NAZI MAYOR The Frankfurt Administrative Court has decided Pilgrimage to Grave to allow the appeal of the former Nazi Mayor of About 10,000 German boys and girls from Offenbach, Dr. Helmut Schranz, at present a Berlin, Hamburg, Bremen and other parts of North With the Compliments of Member of the Federal Parliament for the Germany, including the Russian Zone, took part k4 German Party (DP), and to grant him a pension. in the " pilgrimage of German youth " to Bergen- Schranz became a member of Hitler's party in Belsen in memory of Anne Frank, After hundreds 1925 and held the position of Mayor from 1934 of wreaths and flowers had been placed on the AIRECO METAL to 1945. mass graves and at the foot of the memorial monument at Bergen-Belsen, a spokesman for the " TOO FEW JEWS KILLED " Hamburg youth group expressed the determination of German youth to fight against a revival o' CORPORATIOM LTD. Hermann Koch, a 48-year-old engineer, was sen­ anti-Semitism and Nazi tendencies, tenced to four months' imprisonment by the Wuppertal Law Court. Whilst in an inn he had SOCIALIST CONFERENCE DELEGATES Metals, Chemicals, Ores and stated: " I regret Hitler is no longer alive, then there would be no Jews." Koch claimed that he VISIT BELSEN Residues had acted under the influence of liquor, and On the occasion of the SociaUst International expressed regret at his remark. Conference held at Hamburg, a delegation pai^. ^ visit to the monument in Bergen-Belsen, The MORAL SIGNIFICANCE OF MEMORL4LS delegation included Moshe Sharett, the Isra^JI representative, and Mrs, Barbara Castle, the British Address by Eugen Kogon Labour Party representative. Addresses were delivered by the German Dr. Eugen Kogon, author of " Der SS Staat", Socialist leader, Erich Ollenhauer, the Minister ot i H who was himself in a concentration camp, made the Interior for Lower Saxony, Bennemann, and an appeal to " keep the memory of the past alive " the CJeneral Secretary of the SociaUst Inter­ at a ceremony in the Frankfurt Jewish cemetery, national, Albert Carthy. Moshe Sharett, in b'* where a memorial stone for the dead of Auschwitz address in Hebrew, paid tribute to the victims. was unveiled. Dr. Kogon suggested that memorial stones and tablets should be shown at the houses from which Jews were once dragged to their death. He urged that teachers should lead their pupils BANK to the memorial stone in the cemetery and tell them of the extermination of the Jews. In this way, he said, " this stone of remembrance will become a KOSCHLAND & HEPNER stone of profound moral significance ". LTD. Adelphi Terrace House, NEW CHURCH WINDOW Zurich, Selnausf rasse 6 Monf reux, 96 Grand' Ru^ London, W.C.2 Hitler and his Henchmen Depicted as Torturers Tel.: 051 27 06 30 Tel.: 021 6 22 35 Fulton Road, Wembley Park, The window of a church in Landshut in Telex : 5 25 62 Telex : 2 42 68 Bavaria, newly built after the destruction of the Middlesex. old building during the war, depicts the martyr­ ALL INTERNATIONAL BANKING dom of St. Kastulus, to whose torturers the artist has given the figures and faces of Hitler, Goebbels TRANSACTIONS and Goering, AJR INFORMATION July/August, 1959 Page 13 TEACHING OF RECENT HISTORY SHADOWS OF THE PAST The State of Hesse has decreed that history PARATROOPERS' MEETING HIAG RALLY POSTPONED lessons in the last grade of all state high schools must in the future concentrate on the period after The Union of German Paratroopers have The Union for Mutual Help (HIAG), the 1918. Kurt Frey, Secretary of the Permanent dissociated themselves from the remarks of the organisation of former members of the Waffen Conference of Education Ministers, has stated in notorious Nazi Luftwaffe ace, Hans-Ulrich Rudel, SS., has abandoned its plan for a meeting at Bonn that similar decrees by the governments of made on the occasion of a paratroopers' meeting Mengeringhausen in Hesse, A spokesman for the Lower Saxony and Wuerttemberg Baden are at Freiburg which, among other foreign delega­ organisation announced that the rally would take expected shortly, and that the problem is under tions, included ItaUans, Frenchmen, Spaniards, and place in the near future in a town outside the Land study by the eight other states of West Germany. representatives of the American forces. His speech Hesse. He added that the cancellation was designed The action in Hesse is the first by state caused the first and second chairmen of the as a contribution towards the improvement of the authorities to meet the outcry raised in West Union to resign on the ground that it had political atmosphere in Germany. Germany recently by the disclosure that the great embarrassed the guests from abroad and the majority of schoolchildren were almost totally representatives of the Federal Government, Rudel, ignorant of the Nazi period. A recent survey as the Union's announcement continues, was WAFFEN-S.S. SEEKS RECONCILIATION showed that only one student in ten in Germany requested to make a speech of welcome only and had even a cursory knowledge of the brutalities to refrain from poUtical comment. Wemer Heister, Chairman of the Waflfen-SS. practised by the Nazis, the part Hitler played in Society for Mutual Benefit, has announced his unleashing World War II, and the ideological The two chairmen had themselves used the efforts to bring about a reconciliation with the function of the Nazi movement. The highest meeting to criticise the judgment of the Hamburg poUtical and racial victims of Nazi persecution estimate by any student of the number of Jews court in the process of the journalist Kuby against and the hope, in doing so, to redeem the past. killed by the Nazis was 30,000. ex-General Ramcke who, as a guest of the meet­ His Society, he stated, thought it intolerable to be ing, was hailed as a paragon of martial virtue. suspected for ever of concentration camp atrocities. The Frankfurter Rundschau, whilst welcoming Referring to these incidents at Freiburg, the the effort, criticised the assertion that the Waffen- EDUCATIONAL TASKS Federal Minister of Defence, Strauss, declared SS. had had nothing to do with the concentration before the EvangeUcal Academy at Bad Boll that camps. The paper said that such a claim would A recent session of the Evangelical Academy neither General Ramcke nor his opponent Kuby substitute the idea of " collective innocence" for Loccum dealt with the subject " Mopping Up the could be regarded as responsible for the moral that of " collective guilt ". Past". About 100 historians, theologians, mem­ conduct of the German people. Every German bers of the Federal army, and students from other soldier was expected to give serious consideration countries discussed the phenomenon of nationalism to the motives of the men of July 20th, 1944, but REMOVAL OF ANTI-SEMFTE DEMANDED and traced the forms of its development from the also to do justice to those soldiers who had at that period of the Romantic movement to its degenera­ time a different conception. Dr. Mueller-Meiningen, President of the Munich Broadcasting Station's Policy Commission, tion in the Nazi creed. Professor Stallmann, from The Minister also objected to the notion of has demanded that Dr. Walter Becher be removed the Lueneburg Pedagogical Academy, said in his German collective guilt, but stressed the obligation from the committee. He accuses Dr. Becher of introductory lecture that the terrible happenings to feel a common shame and common responsi­ writing anti-Semitic articles in the Sudeten- of the Nazi era could not be comprehended by bility, which would prevent a new conflict between German Die Well in 1939. when he referred to the usual religious, political, and philosophical utiUty and morality. Jewish writers as " Kulturwanzen " and demanded categories of thought, and that it would be diflficult their " eUmination from German cultural Ufe ", to order them correctly into the conception of GOERING'S BERLIN ASSETS Dr. Becher is Chairman of the B.H.E. refugee history. It would be the task of parents and CONFISCATED party in the Bavarian legislature. He recently introduced a Bill in the Bavarian legislature for educators to hand down experiences of the past The Berlin de-Nazification Chamber has the reconstitution of the Munich Broadcasting truthfully and with consciousness of the inherent decided to confiscate the Berlin assets of Hermann Station's Policy Commission, which excludes the resi>onsibility to enable the youth to find their own Goering, which amount to DM 760,000. Jewish community from representation. interpretation.

littlPotent No. 790/50 e X

.UpS^reng--

Corjets Silhouette Ltd., 84 Baker Street. London, W./ K A D 0 U R I PARIS Page 14 AJR INFORMATION July/August. 1959 Frietlrich Walter ERNEST BLOCH yy Ernest Bloch, who died at Portland, Oregon. " BUECHER HABEN IHRE SCHICKSALE... U.S.A., on July 15th—shortly before his 79th birthday—held a unique position among Jewish Das erste deutsche Buch, das ich im Jahr 1940 Berlin gedruckt, gehorten einer Julie Lippmann composers. The great contribution which, since fiir genau einen Schilhng in England kaufte. war und waren von ihr, wie sie unter ihrem Namen their emancipation, Jews have made towards the eine Taschenausgabe von Richard Wagner's " Ring vermerkt hatte, am 16, Mai 1874 erworben, Eine musical life of Europe and America, not only des Nibelungen". Ich trug damals englische Ausgabe des Briefwechsels Herzogs Karl August as performers, but also in the creative sphere, Uniform und verbrachte meinen ersten kurzen mit Goethe ist mit der Widmung versehen: " Peter needs no mentioning. It cannot be denied, how­ Urlaub in London. Ein paar Monate vorher war M. Cassirer von seiner Grossmutter. Weihnachten 1917 ". Paul Heyses und Theodor Fontanes Werke ever, that the prominent Jewish composers of the ich mit einer Handvoll von Kameraden aus Frank­ nineteenth century showed little or no Jewish con­ reich, wo ich in den ersten sieben Jabren des in je 5 Banden sowie eine vollstiindige Hebbel-Aus- gabe stammen aus der Bibliothek von "Josua sciousness, most of them having severed their lin'' Exils gelebt hatte, mit knapper Not nach England with Judaism. The present century, with its entkonunen, Und da wir seit Kriegsausbruch in Friedlander, Berlin-Wilmersdorf, Prinzregenten- strasse 7". Diese jiidischen Familiennamen in revival of Jewish nationalism, has changed this der franzosischen Armee gedient hatten, teilte man deutschen Buchern reden an dem Ort und der to some extent. Persecution and Zionism were uns nach unserer Ankunft in Plymouth auf einem Stelle, wo man ihnen nun begegnet, eine so both instrumental in blocking the road towards engUschen destroyer, der uns in St, Nazaire an beredte, eindringliche und ergreifende Sprache, extreme assimilation, the former leading Schon­ Bord genommen hatte, dem Pioneer Corps in dass ich sie nicht durch andere, erfundene berg back to Judaism and to the Jewish subjects Westward-Ho zu, Ich kaufte mir jene schon stark ersetzen wollte. Die Trager dieser Namen imd of some of his later works, the latter exercising abgegriffene Taschenausgabe des " Ring" nicht ihre Nachfahren werden es verstehen und mir an influence which is by no means limited to etwa aus Liebe zu Wagners musikdramatischem nicht veriibeln. the output of Israeli composers. Gedicht, Die Zeit meiner Wagnerschwarmerei Independent of these developments, in fact lag schon lange hinter mir, hatte auch die Ich unterhielt mich mit dem Inhaber des Anti- anticipating them, Ernest Bloch, the Swiss Je*. Geschehnisse seit 1933 wohl kaum iiberdauert, quariats. und er bestatigte mir, was jedem Besucher augenfallig ist: dass namlich fast alle Bibliotheken, who had received much of his musical training in Es war etwas ganz anderes, das mich bestimmte, die er aus Emigrantenbesitz ankauft oder ange- Belgium and Germany, had gone his own way den damals schwer entbehrlichen Schilling fiir das kauft hat, ausser den uns alien aus dem Elternhaus in making his music the vehicle for his intense bei Schott's Sohne in Mainz erschienene, aus einer vertrauten, in griines Leinen gebundenen Klassiker- Jewishness. As the late Eric Blom put it, " fro*" Dessauer Buchhandlung stammende Buchlein aus- ausgaben des ehemaligen Leipziger BibUo- the first he instinctively expressed himself in a zugeben, Mein BUck war beim Aufschlagen auf graphischen Instituts und den roten Klassiker- peculiarly Jewish idiom such as no composer ot der ersten Seite haften geblieben. Sie trug eine banden von Bong & Co. stets auch die Werke his race had previously articulated with anything Inschrift, die Widmung einer Mutter an ihren Ibsens und fast immer die Gerhart Hauptmanns like the same instinctive power and inevitability. Sohn, dem sie das Buch zum Geschenk gemacht enthalten, Sie heute noch aus Privatbesitz zu It was reserved for him to find a modern musical hatte, " Der Herr segne dich und behlite dich " erwerben, ist fiir den Antiquar schwerer geworden medium that conveys something akin to the hatte sie ihm hineingeschrieben und diese Worte als in den ersten Nachkriegsjahren, als viele Emi- poetry and passion, the turbulent sorrow ano im Urtext, mit hebraischen Buchstaben wiederholt, grantenfamilien aus England nach Amerika weiter- wanderten und sich deshalb ihrer deutschen Bucher noble exaltation of Judaism as it is transmittea Darunter standen Monat und Jahreszahl: August by the Old Testament, and still survives in its 1914, Der Sohn hatte Wagners Nachdichtung der entledigen wollien oder mussten, Aus den Bestanden des Antiquariats konnte man, nahme strongest modern representatives, " It is significant altgermanischen Gotter-und Heldensage mit dem man sich die MUhe dazu, beinah eine deutsche that Bloch achieved his aims not by the use <>i aktestamentarischen Segensspruch seiner Mutter Literaturgeschichte zusammenstellen—und zwar traditional Jewish melodies but by letting his mit sich ins Feld genommen, und das Buch hatte genau bis zu dem Zeitpunkt, da die Teilnahme der inspiration be governed by Jewish thought ana ihn, wie aus den darin enthaltenen Notizen her­ deutschen Juden am Geistesleben ihres Landes ein vorging, auf seinen Feldziigen in Frankreich, Jewish atmosphere. His style is intensely pC" gewaltsames Ende fand, Einst beriihmte oder sonal, and all his works, including those of ^ Galizien, Polen, Russland und wieder Frankreich namhafte Autoren der Jahrhundertwende wie Otto von 1914 bis 1918, bis zum Ende des Krieges more general character, show a distinctly indi­ Erich Hartleben, Otto Julius Bierbaum, Richard vidual note. begleitet, Seinen mit sorgfaltiger Kaufmanns- Dehmel und Paul Ernst—wo findet man sie heute schrift vorgenommenen Eintragungen konnte man noch so zahlreich wie hier ? Die Lyrik und Prosa Bloch spent many years of his life in America ferner entnehmen, dass er auf verschiedenen des Expressionismus, wie sie von 1919 ab in den where he held appointments as Director of the Heimaturlauben die " Walkiire" 1915 in Mann­ Biicherreihen des Kurt Wolff-Verlages erschien Conservatories at Cleveland and San Francisco. heim, den "Siegfried" 1916 in BerUn und die und hier wieder vollzahlig vor uns hintritt—ist sie He was honoured in many countries, especially in "Gotterdammerung" 1917 in Koln gesehen hatte, anderswo vergessen ? Die " Schattenbilder " von Italy, until Mussolini's turn to anti-semi^is*" Herbert Eulenberg, die Romane von Georg interfered. In England, his music has always met Wie war das vergilbte Textbuch dieser Opern Hermann und Jakob Wassermann, die in den with considerable appreciation. The Ubretto o nach England und auf die Regale eines Londoner zwanziger Jahren ebenso zum eiseraen Bestand in Antiquars geraten ? Hatte sein Besitzer es auch his only opera, " Macbeth," an early work, was der BibUothek jedes gebildeten, deutsch-judischen written (after Shakespeare) by Edmond rlfg- mit sich nach England in die Emigration Biirgerhauses gehbrten wie etwa die " Im Schatten genommen ? Hatte er es hier, samt anderen Among the most famous of his works on J^^^ der Titanen" betitelten Jugenderinnerungen der subjects are: "Schelomo," a Hebrew Rhapsody Bestanden seiner Bibliothek, verkaufen mussen— Weimarer GeneraIstochter und spateren Sozialistin sei es aus Not, sei es aus anderen, noch zwingen- Lily Braun—beschworen sie nur fiir mich und noch for cello and orchestra ; " Baal Schem: J"''^. deren Griinden, deretwegen er jetzt den " Ring des eine Handvoll anderer eine ganze versunkene Zeit Pictures of Chassidic Life ", for violin and piano • Nibelungen " und alles, was er jhm einst bedeutet wieder auf ? Der Inhaber der Buchhandlung " Israel", a symphony with solo voices; ^ haben mochte, gar nicht weit genug von sich versicherte mir ru meiner Freude, dass nach all "Avodath Hakodesh". a setting of the Shabbai werfen konnte ? Diese und noch viele andere diesen Biichem noch eine lebhafte Nachfrage Morning Service. This liturgical work, an out­ unbeantwortete — und unbeantworthare — Fragen besteht, und zwar gerade aus Deutschland, wo sie standing example of modern synagogue nny^'^ bewirkten es, dass ich das Buchlein damals erwarb, grossenteils vergriffen sind und man sich jetzt made a great impression at a performance in das in einer mir fiir das deutsche Judentum so wieder auf sie und ihre Autoren besinnt. gleichnishaft scheinenden Verbindung Wagner's Berlin synagogue after 1933. Bloch himself con­ spatromantisches Zauberwerk zugleich mit dem ducted the first London performance in 1949, an uranfanglich-biblischen Segensspruch enthielt, Unlangst versandte das Antiquariat zwei Kata­ the work has since been included twice in t" loge iiber bemerkenswerte Neuerwerbungen: einen Three Choirs Festival when it was sung in an 'Seither bin ich, in grosseren oder kleineren von deutschen und anderen Marchen und Volks- English translation at the Cathedrals of Gloucester Zeitabstanden, immer wieder in jenes Antiquariat dichtungen, den anderen von Biichern aus den and Worcester. ,,_,- zurijckgekehrt, das sich auf deutsche Biicher Nachlassen von Fiirstin M. Lichnowsky und von spezialisiert, Es sind deren eigentlich zwei, und Friedrich und Elisabeth Gundolf. In dem Gun- H. W. FREYHAN. jeder Biicherfreund kennt sie. Die in ihren Laden dolfschen Nachlass findet man nicht nur—zum Teil auf Tischen und Regalen versammelten, alten sehr seltene—Fachwerke, wie der grosse Heidel- deutschen Klassikerbande, die philosophischen, berger Literarhistoriker sie fiir seine Arbeit dem magischen Symbol und der Zauberkraft de religions-und kunstgeschichtlichen Werke, fast alle brauchte; es sind auch einige andere darunter, die geschriebenen wie gedruckten Wortes beimass, aus deutschem Emigrantenbesitz stammend. ein aufschlussreiches Licht auf die spezifischen hat man die Zusammenhange, die mir bei spiegeln in der Tat einen ganzen Zeitabschnitt zeitgeschichtUchen Hintergriinde von Gundolfs Anblick jener zwei Bucher aus Gundolfs Nachia» deutsch-judischer Bildungs-, Kultur-und Lebens­ bedeutender Gestalt werfen, Ich denke dabei vorschwehten. Und als sie mir deutUcher in a« geschichte wieder, Ich muss gestehen, dass ich, besonders an zwei: eins heisst: " Die Freie Schul- Sinn traten, fiel mein Blick zufallig noch auf ei wenn ich diese Bucher zur Hand nehme, zu gemeinde. Organ des Bundes fiir freie Schul- drittes, nicht zu Gundolfs Bibliothek gehorigf^ allererst immer noch nach den NamenszUgen gemeinden und der Schulgemeinde Wickersdorf. Buch, das auf dem Antiquariatstisch lag. Y ihrer einstigen Eigentiimer, nach Inschriften und Mit Beitragen von Gustav Wyneken u.a." Der stammte aber gleichfalls aus dem Kreis der JuSp" Widmungen suche—wohl noch immer im Gedanken Titel des anderen lautet: "Graphologische Monats­ bewegung, und sein Verfasser war Hans Blu" • an meine erste Begegnung mit dem verirrten hefte. herausgegeben von Ludwig Klages. Mit dessen Name jedem, der je der Jugendbeweguns " Ring ", Begehe ich eine Indiskretion, wenn ich— Beitragen von Friedrich Gundolf u.a.". Jugend­ nahestand, ebenso beklemmende wie belachein ^ als sinnfalUge Beispiele—nur einige dieser Namen bewegung und Graphologie. Denkt man an die werte Erinnerungen wachrufen mag. Der 1' anfiihre, wie ich sie erst kiirzlich wieder las ? engen Beziehungen der deutschen Jugendbewegung dieses Buches lautet: " Mehrehe und Mutterschai • Eine dreibandige, von Erich Schmidt heraus­ mit dem Stefan George-Kreis. aus dem Gundolf Ein Briefwechsel mit MiUer von Prosch". Auc gegebene, 1899 in Weimar erschienene " Faust "- wie so viele andere deutsch-jiidische Gelehrte und dieses Buch trug eine Inschrift und W'^"""" ^ Ausgabe tragt die Namensinschrift " Marie Dichter hervorgegangen sind, an den Wert, den und sie lautete: " Mit herzlichem Gruss, Ann Omstcin". Jean Pauls Samtliche Werke, 1862 in man in diesem Kreis dem Bild der Handschrift. Blumenfeld ". AJR INFORMATION July/August, 1959 Page 15 FROM MY DIARY London Conference of World Union Interview with Korlner Whilst it would go beyond the scope of this Jews from Germany will have viewed the TV interview which Fritz Kortner gave to Robert Israel Feature on TV journal to report in detail on the International Conference of the World Union for Progressive Robertson in the " Monitor" programme on Judaism held in London in July, it is diflficult to June 7th with particular interest. Almost The TV programme, " Israel Rises", gave a immediately after the opening remarks, Kortner well-balanced picture of the development of the resist the temptation of comparing, though in a rather superficial way, its atmosphere with that took up the question of anti-sJemitism in post-war State of Israel and the political problems involved. Germany. He did so by speaking of " we" It is unavoidable that an hour's feature on such of one of the Union's first conferences, held in Berlin more than 30 years ago. At that time, Jews thus identifying himself with his people, and a vast subject made certain restrictions necessary. not of " the " Jews as, out of a sense of detach­ Nevertheless, a more substantiated reference to rightly or wrongly, the progressive movement was ment, prominent Jews sometimes prefer to do. the types of industries built up in the country and in the eyes of many, especially of the younger His remark that the Germans should forgive the to the life in the kibbutzim would have enhanced generation, a bulwark of " assimilation" and Jews their black marketeers and that the Jews the impact of the programme. On the other hand, middle-class security. Young people, including would then forgive the Germans their murderers the film excelled by a high degree of restraint and also some sections of the non-Zionist youth move­ was taken amiss by some Usteners, In fact, how­ faimess when the conflict between Britain and the ment, had already felt the impact of Palestine ever, Kortner was not placing both events on the Jews during the last years of the Mandate was on their Jewish outlook, and, as SociaUsts or same level. What he meant was that people in described. To quote only one instance: While adherents of the youth movement in the German whose midst crimes of unspeakable dimensions Jewish acts of terrorism were only briefly men­ sense of the word, were " anti-bourgeois." If they had been committed were not entitled to criticise tioned, the treatment of the Jewish D.P.s who now look on many things in a different way, it is the few individuals who, under the impact of the were forbidden to land was depicted. not only because they have grown older but also past sufferings, had been led to commit minor because the holocaust of the past decades has left offences. The interview confirmed that Kortner's Gennan Resistance Movement its mark on all Jewish organisations and indi­ vigour and passion for constractive work is as viduals. Thus the Conference did not restrict its strong as it was when we were still among the " Democracy is accepted as post-war Germany's agenda to the, so to say, internal problems of regular visitors to his performances. The feature way of Ufe ", stated Frau Annedore Leber (Berlin), Judaism in our days, important as they are. It was produced by Peter Zadek, himself a Jew also wrestled for an answer to the burning world from Germany, at a gathering held in London under the auspices problems with which mankind is faced, and the of Club 1943, the Theodor Heuss-Kreis, and the NARRATOR Wiener Library, with Dr, Alfred Wiener in the question of race relations, of the Jews' attitude chair. The speaker, well known by two books to Germany and other topical subjects were dis­ on the German Resistance Movement, also cussed with thoroughness and responsibility. At MONUMENTS OF THE HOLOCAUST expressed the view that the majority of the popula­ the same time Israel had ceased to be a controver­ tion was free from anti-Semitic feelings. It was sial issue, and the contributions which progressive Auschwitz one of the important tasks to make the German Judaism may make to its upbuilding were con­ sidered under various aspects. The jury chosen to judge the international com­ youth aware of the horrors of the Nazi regime. petition for a monument to be erected on the The tact and psychological understanding required site of the former concentration camp in Ausch­ for this task was illustrated by her by a striking Board of Guardians' Meeting witz has, under the chairmanship of Henry Moore, example: In the course of a discussion with a chosen one of the four designs collectively worked school class it transpired that the father of one The recent annual general meeting of the Board out by a group of artists from Italy, Spain, and boy had fallen in the war as an S.S, oflficer. In of Guardians was more than just a formal Poland, The project visualises twenty-three blocks such cases, which are not isolated, a young person function. The concem of wide sections of the of cement in the shape of railway waggons—one is faced wi;h the conflict between loyalty to the community with the work of its premier welfare for each of the countries whence the victims were personal memory of his father and the realisation organisation was reflected in the large attendance, deported to Auschwitz, A large platform is to of the cruel trath. Frau Leber also showed so which included many prominent personaUties. The include the camp's incinerators, A narrow far unknown photos taken during the trials against atmosphere was enhanced by a preceding recep­ corridor—symbol of the way of dea'h-^will lead Resistance fighters. tion which brought the visitors into contact with to a crypt. Four hundred and twenty-six architects The participation of members of the Protestant each other. As in every modern welfare organisa­ and sculptors from thirty-five countries took part Church in the fight against Nazism was described tion, most of the actual work has to be done by in the competition, by Pastor Bethge, who himself had been in prison. professional case workers. " Outsiders" may easily lose interest and confine themselves to It was an impressive gatherine, which, as Mr. Athens Hans Jaeger put it in his excellent introduction, monetary support. It is a healthy symptom, both included Resistance fighters from Germany, for the Board and for Anglo-Jewry, that the A marble monument to the victims of Nazi per­ emigrated persecutees, and young Germans who personal contacts between those in charge of the secution in Greece has been unveiled in the Jewish had come to this country after the war and Board and the community which the Board cemetery outside Athens, The Greek Govern­ had been too young to share guilt in the crimes serves have not only been preserved but, judging ment and the Greek Orthodox Church were repre­ committed by the Nazi regime. from the meeting, have even been intensified. sented at the ceremony.

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EXPERT FITTING ESTIMATES FREE AJR INFORMATION July/August, 1959 Page 16 Alex Freeman Herbert Freeden (/«>riis«Iein) ISRAEL AND THE DIASPORA THE HUNGARIAN REFUGEE SITUATION The B'nai B'rith Convention came to a close Two and a half years have passed since well- Whither have these refugees fled, Jews and non- at a dramatic and moving ceremony at tne nigh 200,000 people poured through the gap in Jews ? It has been very difficult, almost impos­ Martyrs' Forest in the Judean Hills where tne the Iron Curtain, opened for a short time by the sible, to ascertain reliable figures, because the newly elected world President, Mr, Label A. Katz, revolutionary events in Hungary, Since then, reports and statistics of the countries of immigra­ dedicated a huge shrine, hewn out of the rocKs, news of the Hungarian refugees has reached the tion are very incomplete; also, the numbers as a memorial to the brothers and sisters of B nai ear of the public in various parts of the world, fluctuated markedly during the initial period in the B'rith who had perished in Europe's holocaust. and this news is not always pleasing. For different countries. For instance, Britain origin­ Among the elected Vice-Presidents are Mr. Jack example, tidings were heard recently of ariti- ally accepted more than 20,000 Hungarians, but Morrison, of London ; Mr, Jack H, Taylor, oi Semitic activities emanating from Hungarian of these about 6,000 emigrated further overseas London, was elected to the Board of Governors. emigre circles in Bavaria. A survey of the entire and about 1,000 retumed to Hungary, Numerical Hungarian refugee problem repays itself, however. data from the South American states is com­ The Convention also agreed, after a hvely debate, From such a survey it is evident that the Hun­ pletely unreliable. Though the following figures to the establishment of a B'nai B'rith Lodge in garian refugee question differs in a remarkable are based more on estimates than on accurate West Berlin, the first one in Germany after tne way from that of other refugees, for it has been statistical data, they nevertheless give an over-all ban by the Nazis in 1937. possible in a comparatively short time to place picture and are very interesting. They show the The discussion on Israel and the Diaspora was the Hungarian refugees in the various West Euro­ approximate distribution of the Hungarian cominued on yet another forum—the Enlargeo pean countries and overseas, and there to inte­ refugees in the spring of 1959 : Zionist General Council {Actions Committee) whicn grate them into normal life. Whereas there are met a few days later. Dr. Nahum Goldmann, still hundreds of thousands of D,P,s of the post­ Total No. of Hungarian President of the World Zionist Organisation, who war period living in camps or emergency quarters ; refugees Jews on previous occasions had differences of opinion whereas Arab refugees to the tune of one million 4,500 with Israel's Prime Minister on this matter, tms have been housed for over ten years in catnp U.S.A. 38,000 time supported his view. He, too, saw the gravest towns, where they are a continual focal point Canada 37,000 2,000 danger in the free countries no longer in anti- of unrest; whereas in the Far East, Hong Kong Australia 13,000 2,500 Semitism or discrimination, but in the weakness and other territories have been overrun by Chinese of our Jewish consciousness: the ability or inabiui) refugees, the Hungarian problem of 1956 has been Israel 4,000 4,000 of our i>eople to secure the Jewishness of tne solved inside two years, as far as accommodation 10,000 2,000 and integration are concemed. South America young generation and to overcome the silent ano Great Britain 15,000 1,000 invisible danger of disintegration, Some Figures Western Germany 17,000 200 11,000 800 Looked at statistically, the present situation France Nahum Goldmann's Warnings offers the following picture: About 30,000 refugees Switzerland 10,000 500 have retumed to Hungary, according to assertions Austria 15,000 2,000 Dr. Goldmann warned against being misled bV by the Hungarian Government; according to the the external fa?ade of Jewish life, especially in much more reliable reports of the U,N,E,F, Com­ Fairly small groups went to Italy, Belgium, missioner for Refugees, only 16,700 returned. At Holland and Scandinavian States; but Africa, too, America, by the multiplicity or organisations ano present, 170,000 to 180,000 Hungarian refugees and even New Zealand, took in a few Hungarian the superficiality of activities. " Behind this i^^°^' must be living overseas and in Westem Europe, refugees. It may be said that the great majority there is a terrifying process of erosion, of inditter- Of these about 20,000 are Jews, a strikingly large of Hungarian refugees have fitted into the ence, of forgetfulness of their Jewish heritage , percentage, especially when we consider that the economic life of the countries of their adoption, he declared, and advocated a reorientation of tne number of Jews in Hungary before the revolution and that, as far as this important aspect is con­ Jewish efforts which are now greatly concentrateo was at most 120,000. Out of Hungary's popula­ cerned, the Hungarian refugee problem may be on the fight against anti-Semitism, towards Jewisn tion of ten million, one in fifty, and of its Jews looked upon as settled. education, and the strengthening of Jewish cultural one in every six, have left the country as refugees. and religious life. Anti-Semitic Trends Overrated The 11-year-old discussion—as old as the Jewish State—on the relationship between Israel and ine Diaspora, entered a new phase when the B nai With regard to the anti-Semitic activities men­ B'rith Order held their first triennial world con­ tioned above, it has been possible to ascertain that vention in Jerusalem. The retiring President, Mf- EVERYTHING merely a negligible minority of the emigrants Philip M. Klutznick, posed the challenge m ni* behaved in this disagreeable manner. The main presidential message at the opening ceremony- focal point of these manifestations was Bavaria, UNDER where two newspapers with a pronounced fascist held at the giant Buildings of the Nation ana slant appeared in the Hungarian language: the attended by the President of the State, Minister monthly, Cel (Goal) and the fortnightly, and other notables, 1,300 B'nai B'rith delegates Hidveroek (Bridge Builder), The anti-Semitic from abroad, and many members from the Israel CONTROL arguments of these two obscure papers were the lodges. object of an interpellation in the Bavarian Land­ tag, but even there it was found that the vast American Jews not in " Exile " WITH majority of the emigrants had nothing to do with these fascist agitators. The interpellants might have added that the publishers and article writers Mr. Klutznick objected to the use of the wortl of the said fwo papers were mostly not recent "• Diaspora", as self-exile for American Jewrj' emigrants but were Hungarians with fascist lean­ and protested against the absurd connotation ings, who emerged soon after the cessation of of second-class Jewishness. He maintained tna LONDEX hostilities in the D.P, camps, since when they Israel is at least as dependable on the J^^*^ have settled in Bavaria and elsewhere. The greater world outside her borders, as the Jewish world i> part of the Hungarian emigre press which has sustained by Israel, Warning Israelis that tney sprung up since 1956 in the free Western World must not consider American Jewry as a reserve takes a definitely free and democratic stand. This for immigration, he declared that there could "^ is specially true of the two leading 6xmgT6 papers no greater crisis in Israel than the disintegratio in London: Nepszava (Voice of the People), of Jewish life in the United States, RELAYS under Socialist direction, and Irodalmi Ujsag j (Literary Paper), whose correspondents are with­ The theme was taken up by Prime Minister Ben' out exception Leftist, Gurion, who gave his reply two nights later, > AND the picturesque setting of the amphitheatre o A comprehensive survey of the Hungarian the Hebrew University, lit by spotlights ano refugee problem shows that the economic inte­ thousands of candles, and packed with delegate gration of the Hungarian refugees into their new and leaders from all walks of public life. ^^' TIMERS countries of settlement has for the most part been Ben-Gurion, who has a high regard for ^ M • successful, that their ideological integration is Klutznick and a high esteem of the B'nai B'ntn proceeding, and that this cannot be affected by a agreed that disintegration of Jewish life jn the few accompanying phenomena of a disturbing United States was indeed a great danger, but h LONDEX LTD. kind. The large majority of Hungarian refugees did not see it as a result of immigration to Israe • recognise with gratitude that the free Western Instead, he wamed his American friends again* 207 ANERLEY ROAO, LONDON World has facilitated the settlement and integration " death by kiss": he did not believe that an) S.E.20 of most of them in a relatively short time. World physical threat was facing American Jewry ; tn publicity, on the oither hand, can recognise with danger, in his words, came from prosperity a" Telephone: SYDenham 3111 satisfaction that the Hungarian refugee problem of complacency which may lead the next generatio 1956 was just the one which was most quickly away from Judaism and jts sources, and open tn surmounted of all the post-war refugee problems. Bates for assimilation and extinction. AJR INFORM.ATION July/August. 1959 Page 17 WORMS SVNAGOGUE TO BE REBUILT FROM THE JEWS IN GERMANY The synagogue in Worms, destroyed in INTERESTING STATISTICS GERMAN AND ISRAELI STUDENTS November 1938, is to be rebuilt. The cost is to MEET be defrayed by the Bund, the Land and the Figures revealing the composition of the Jewish Municipality of Worms, The original synagogue, community in Germany, are published in the It is estimated that, at present, about 100 built in the llth Century, was considered to be latest issue of the Juedische Sozialarbeit, issued students from Israel are enrolled at German one of the most important historical monuments by the Zentralwohlfahrtsstelle of the Jews in universities, A conference between some of them in Europe, Germany, and a number of German students took place in The number of persons registered with the Iserlohn, under the auspices of the Evangelical NEW SYNAGOGUE IN BONN Jewish communities in Western Germany and Academy of Rhineland-Westphalia, West BerUn was 21,563 on March 31st 1959,* The Talks were given by Professor Dr, Karl Thieme The new synagogue in Bonn, designed by thc six largest communities are Berlin, Munich, of the Mainz University ; Dr, Hans Lamm, head Cologne architect H, Goldschmidt, was ceremoni­ Frankfurt, Hamburg, Cologne and Dusseldorf; of the Cultural Department of the Zentralrat of ously opened on May 26th. The building replaces about two-thirds of the Jewish population lives the Jews in Germany ; Dr. Emanuel Schereschew- the old synagogue built in 1879, which was des­ in these cities. The number of Jews in Eastern sky of the Munster University and Mr, Moshe troyed on November 9th, 1938, Germany and East Berlin is estimated at about Hess, deputy head of the Information Department 2,000. The average age of the Jewish community of the Israeli Mission, The well-known Stuttgart OLD AGE HOME IN BERLIN is 47 years. There has been an increase in the author, Albrecht Goes, also addressed the meeting, age group 7 to 15 years from 808 on April 1st An Old Age Home, mainly for Jews who have 1955 to 1,817 on March 31st 1959, Altogether 14 returned from abroad, has been opened by Probst per cent of the total Jewish population are under NEW GERMAN-JEWISH PAPER Grueber in West Berlin, The money for the new 20 years of age ; 19 per cent between 21 and 40 Home was raised by the Protestant Relief Fund years and 38 per cent between 41 and 60 years. A new German-Jewish paper, Mitteilungsblatt for Victims of Racial Persecution. Probst The percentage of Jews over 60 has decreased fuer die juedischen Gemeinden in Weslfalen, Grueber described it as a contribution towards from 30 per cent in 1955 to 28 per cent in 1959. has been launched, under the editorship of Dr, restitution and as " a raised finger to keep alive Hans Chanoch Meyer, Rabbi for the Jewish com­ the memory of the guilt incurred by a past The issue also carried a comprehensive annual munities in Westphalia, The paper will also generation ", report of the Zentralwohlfahrtsstelle for 1958. interest those Jews who emigrated from The report reveals that the deficit for the Homes Westphalia to other countries but who will wish NEW HOSPITAL IN HAMBURG for the Aged has decreased owing to the increase to keep in touch with events in their home com­ in the number of residents receiving compensation munities. The Hamburg Senate has provided funds payments. Activities for the young generation amounting to four million marks for a Jewish play an important part in the work : there were The periodical also carries essays dealing with hospital, as compensation for the former hospital several Easter, autumn and winter youth rallies, the history of the district, such as an article on closed by the Nazis, The corner-stone for the each of which was attended by 50 to 70 young the emanicipation of the Jews in Warburg, with new hospital has been laid. It will have 110 beds people. a full list of the Jewish families who adopted and the most modem equipment, and will serve • The lotal number (including those who are not reeistered German family names in 1808, patients of all faiths. with thc communities) is estimated at atwut 30,000.—Ed. Interested readers should write for particulars to the Jewish Community, Dortmund, Prinz- GERMANIA JUDAICA IN COLOGNE Friedrich-Kari-Str, 9, BREISACH COMMEMORATES ITS JEWS In Cologne a library devoted to the history of The former site of the Breisach Synagogue, Jews, to be known as Germania Judaica, was MARTIN BUBER ON GERMAN TV destroyed in November, 1938, was made into a opened on July Ist, It was stated by Heinrich garden on the initiative of the municipal Boell, author and co-founder of the new institute, An interview given in Jerusalem by Professor authorities, A memorial stone was recently conse­ that the one aim of the library would be to help Martin Buber to the author, Thilo Koch, was crated, and one of the speakers at the ceremony eliminate prejudice. shown on German television. was the Mayor of the town.

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Radio & Television Service BU'LT-IN W^ARDROBES FURNITURE REPAIRS Telephone : SWI. 5111 FRENCH POLISHING 36, CRICKLEWOOD BROADWAY, N.WJ (or SPE. 1970 after 6 p.m.) GLA. 7224 you will get For English & German Books prompt and courteous aftenfion Gr a Ist-class repoir at reasonable cost, HANS PREISS WHATEVER THE PRICE EVERY LIGHTER International Booksellers QJiU REX ELECTRIC INDS. LIMITED HAS THE SAME MECHANICAL PERFECTION 60, FORTUNE GREEN RD., N.W.6 14 Bur/ Place, London, W.Ci I HOL 4*41 Page 18 AJR INFORMATION July/August, 1959 ADENAUER FOREST IN ISRAEL NEWS FROM AUSTRIA In New York a grove of 1,000 trees purchased NEW FOREIGN MINISTER A JEW NEO-NAZI LEADER ARRESTED for Israel through the Jewish National Fund has been named for Konrad Adenauer, Chancellor oi Dr. Bruno Kreisky has been appointed Minister The Viennese police have announced the arrest West Germany, Dr. Adenauer was cited iqr of Foreign Affairs in the new Coalition Cabinet of Alfred Hager, leader of an armed secret Neo- carrying out restitution agreements between nis of Chancellor Julius Raab, Nazi organisation, and two of his followers. It country and Israel, Dr, Kreisky, who is a Jew but never took an has been stated that the organisation's goal was active part in Jewish communal work, is a Social- to secretly resurrect the Nazi storm troopers of Democrat of long standing. He served a 16- the Hitler era. VIENNESE SCIENTIST FIGHTS U.S.A. month prison sentence in pre-war Austria for GOVERNMENT socialist activities, and was also arrested by the Germans when Austria was annexed. INCREASING " HJ " ACTIVITIES Dr. Otto Halpern, a 60-year old Viennese-born inventor now in America, has won an important DANGERS OF NEO-NAZISM The activities of the " Heimattreue Jugend" point in the Federal Court in America in his fight In an address to the Organisation of Catholic (HJ) have increased since their leader, Konrad for compensation from the Government for a Professionals in Vienna, the Vice-President of the Windisch. was released from goal. The HJ is secret device he invented in 1941, The device has Association of Jewish Communities in Vienna, in close contact with similar organisations in been labelled so vital to national defence that Dipl, Ing, Simon Wiesenthal, pointed out that Germany and has had several meetings with their the Government refused to grant him a patent, both the important parties in Austria had, to a representatives. The work of the HJ is particu­ which would disclose details of the invention. great extent, made concessions to the former larly noticeable among university students. The Judge ruled that if the Government could Nazis, by relieving them of material worries and not come to terms with the scientist, he would thus involuntarily contributing to a revival of AWARDS grant a trial in secret so that no defence secrets their political feelings. This might be particularly might be disclosed. dangerous in the field of youth education. It The President of She Austrian Federal Republic Since last October Dr, Halpem has waited for was therefore necessary to activate teachers and has awarded the Austrian Gold Medal of Merit to the Government to decide whether to purchase parents in combating such trends. Frau Hertha Pollak in recognition of her services outright his invention for $340,000 and to award to the Commission for the Distribution of Funds him the Medal of Merit for his contribution ' to A STRANGE COURT DECISION for Victims of Political Persecution, Frau Pollak the military scientific resources of the country A Viennese Magistrates' Court rejected the con­ is the first Jewess in Austria to receive such an during the past World War". The exact nature fiscation of the book " Die Waffen-SS. in Bilde ", award, of the invention has never been disclosed. The claiming that this was not a political but an Herr Ignaz Kohn, member of the representative Govemment, however, has explained that it deals historical work. The ofiice of the State Attomey body of the Jewish community in Vienna, also " with the manner and means whereby an object has lodged an appeal against thds decision. received the Gold Medal for charitable services. may escape detection and observation by radar •

FAMILY EVENTS Smith.—Simon Gustav Smith, of EGYPTIAN REFUGEE, 47, formeriy Justizrat Oskar Meyer and his wife Entries in this column are free of " Simar House," Bournemouth. We mng, dir, textile firm, Engl,, French, Martha. Believed to have come to charge. Texts should be sent in by the announce, with deep regret, that our Italian, no German, seeks suitable London between 1930 and 1933. Mth of the month. beloved husband and brother passed post, pref, as representative in textiles. away suddenly on Saturday, July Box 562, W. Reimer, last-known address H Birthdays 18th, Deeply mourned by his wife Neville Terrace, London, S,W.'- Mrs. Rosa Asch, Hannah House, 12 Margot, his brother Fred, all other Won>en Whereabouts sought by his sister. Brunswick Terrace, Hove, Sussex, relatives, and his many friends. celebrated her 80th birthday on SHORTHAND TYPIST, Eng/Ger„ Robert Gordon (formerly Israel)- August 2nd, exp., seeks part-time or home work. Last-known address 1 Honeybourne Box 565. Kaufmann.—Mr, Max Kaufmann In Erinnerung an Avenue, London, N,W,6, where he (formerly Essen), of 123 Alexandra lived for twenty-five years. Road, London, N,W,8, will celebrate AJR Attendance Service his 75th birthday on August 18th. ADOLF LEWIN WOMEN available to care for sick Julius Deutsch (merchant), born tp Grabstein-Elnsegnung in people and invalids, as companions Brunn, Czechoslovakia, about 1863. Marriages and his wife Amalie Deutsch (nef George Gummers and Hannah Black. Verehrung & zum Anden­ and sitters-in; full- or part-time (not residential), 'Phone MAI. 4449. Kaes), born in Vienna about i860. ^The marriage was solemnised of ken an den verst, Apothe- Information sought regarding fate. George, elder son of Dr. and Mrs, ker & Chemiker Adolf AJR Needlewoman Service Julius Gummers. 92 Queen's Drive, Peter Meyer, son of Moritz and Glasgow, S,2 (formerly Heilbronn). Lewin, frueher Berlin WOMEN available for alterations, Trude Meyer from Breslau, and Hannah, elder daughter of mending, handicrafts, 'Phone MAI. Mr, and Mrs, Julius Black (Schwarz), Die Grobstein-Einsegnung fond 4449. Personal Enquiries 19 Broomhill Terrace, Glasgow, statt am W,l (formerly Munich), Sonntag den 12. Juli, 2 Uhr MisceUaneous Dorothea Rosenbaum, formerly nochm.—Marlow Rd., Friedhof, CURTAINS & LINEN made and Berlin, now married to a Spaniard, Deaths East Horn, London, E.l2 repaired. Continental styl'e. Ring believed to live in London, is sought Fricdenstein.—Mrs, Clara Frieden­ CUN. 7605, for restitution purposes by Anit^ stein (n6e Susskind), formerly Frank­ Sachs, wife of the late Peter Sachs. furt/Main, passed away on May 30th CLASSIFIED KEEP FIT MOVEMENT CLASSES. Please write to K, Lewy, 4c Park Ena in her 91st year. Deeply moumed by Situations Vacant Studio Dorothy, now at Benmore Street, Oxford, her daughters, Thea, Rosa and Ema Hall (Accommodation Road, off Friedenstein, 268 Kenmore Street, HOUSEKEEPER, Pleasant home, Golders Green Road), Classes for Mrs. Elllnar Freund (nee Bach), born Glasgow, S.l. good salary, offered to responsible children and adults. Special classes 14,8,1897, widow of Dr, W, Freund, warmhearted woman willing to act as Wednesday 8.15 p,m. SPE, 3977, Komik.—Arthur Koraik, 112 Fellows children's specialist, of Breslau; housekeeper to Jewish professional Mrs. Ruth Meyer (n^e Danzigef'- Road, London, N.W.3, died on May household, with one child attending Personal 26th, Survived by his widow, Eva born 3,10,1896; sought by Mrs. Elsa day school. Charwoman kept. Box Benjamin, c/o Bank of New Soutn (n6e Chanange), son, daughter-in-law 567, WIDOW, middle 50's, well situated, and granddaughters. The family sin­ academic family, wishes meet gentle­ Wales, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia, who is anxious to trace her cerely thanks Ministers and friends Situations Wanted man similar background, view mar­ for their kind visits, letters and riage. Box 561, old friends from Breslau. Men expressions of sympathy, MISSING PERSONS Albert and Betty Goschewski or their Loiewy.—Dr. Julius Loewy, D,M,D, EGYPTIAN REFUGEE, 43, former son, formerly of Berlin and ImnrH' On Sunday, July 26th, beloved French lawyer (3 yrs,), later Com­ Enquiries by AJR grants from Germany whose relative* husband of Gertrad (nie Amheim), pany Director for textiles (10 yrs,) emigrated to Ecuador (GuayaqU"^ and for oils, chemicals (7 yrs,), seeks Dr. Alfred Gurau. Relative seeks 14 Palace Court, Finchley Rd., contact with persons who knew the in 1936/37, are asked to contact: Mi^- London, N.W.3, executive post in financial or com­ Ruth Peter, 75 Alexandra Roa"' mercial firm. Box 563. late Dr, Alfred Gurau whilst he was Meyerstein.—Reg. Med, Rat, Prof, Obermagistratsrat with Bezirksamt London, N.W.S. Dr, Wilhelm Meyerstein, formerly of STOREKEEPEER / DESPATCH Berlin-Mitte (until 1933) and/or dur­ Kassel and Berlin-Babelsberg, passed CLERK (inc. distributions), exp, ing his subsequent service with the away at his home on May 31st, in his textiles; last job 10 yrs; elderly; seeks Juedische Gemeindeverwaltung Ber­ 79th year. Survived by his wife, M, suitable position. Box 564, lin. KmGSVILLE Marieluise Meyerstein (x\€e Wolff), 34 Stanmore Road, Edgbaston, Birming­ DOMESTIC ham, 16, CHEMICAL IMPORTERS AND EXPORTERS Pick.—On June 19th, Mrs, Rita Pick, have vacancy for AGENCY 22 Buckland Crescent, N,W.3, EXPERIENCED MANAGER beloved wife of Anthony and loved 65 Village Way, Loodon, sister of Lore Cowan and sister-in- for their Chemical Department law of Maurice Cowan, passed away International experience and good knowledge of markets essential N.W.10 after a three-day illness. Deeply Reply, confidential, Managini Director, BOK 366, "AJR Information," 8, Fairfax Mansions, DOLlis Hill 7520 moumed. London, N.W.3 AJR INFORMATION July/August, 1959 Page 19 .MEMORIAL TO BISHOP OF Letters to the Editor CHICHESTER Indemnification for French and Dutch Jews pockets of other victims instead of out of Gerinan An appeal for a memorial to the late Dr. funds. George Bell, Bishop of Chichester for nearly Sir,—We should like to comment on one ilem thirty years, has been launched. The memorial in your June issue. You report, correctly, on This Council has used the discussions it recently planned is two-fold—a stone screen in agreements reached between representatives of the had with important German representatives, on Chichester Cathedral and the setting up of a trust French and Dutch Jews and the German Federal which you also report in your June issue, to fund to carry on the work to which Bishop Bell Government lo indemnify Jewish victims in those emphasise this point most strongly. We shall go devoted so much of his life, not the least amongst on pressing for an alteration of the statute to the which were his efforts to bring succour to the countries for tosses suffered through seizure of persecuted Jews under Hitler, Iheir household goods and furnishings. effect that the justified and legally acknowledged claims of Ihe various groups of victims shall be The distinguished committee which has been The Council of Jews from Germany always paid out of German means, without limitation. set up includes amongst its members the Arch­ appreciates the .granting of indemnification to Nazi Yours, etc., bishop of Canterbury, the Archbishop of York, victims, of whatever nationality or former or the German Ambassador, the Earl of Woolton, COUNCIL OF JEWS FROM GERMANY and Professor Norman Bentwich, At the inaugural present residence. It has lo be mentioned, how­ W. Breslauer, ever, that we have lo object very strongly against meeting, Professor Bentwich particularly recalled Vice-President. the services rendered by the late Bishop to the the method used by the German Federal Govern­ cause of the refugees. " Amongst Jews Dr. Bell ment. The Government proposes lo satisfy the is held in the most grateful memory for his work just and now acknowledged claims of the French "An Unsettled Issue" for the persecuted under Hitler ", he said. and Dutch Jews out of the sum of DM 1,500 Sir,—While congratulating you on your excellent It is hoped that Jews from Germany who found million meant for the restitution of property seized refuge in this country will lend their support to in Gennany by the authorities from viciims of article, "An Unsettled Issue", I want to under­ the apf)eal. Subscriptions should be sent to the Nazi persecution. line ils content by our experience. In Linz a/D, fhe so-called " JudenreferenI" was a German Hon, Treasurer, Lord McCorquodale of Newton, When the Federal Government concluded their Bishop Bell Memorial Appeal, c/o Barclay's Nazi; we were given 48 hours to leave the Bank Ltd,, Chichester, agreements with the representatives of Jewry and country (we left in 24) by the German SS. on with the Allied Governments in 1953 and 1955 June 13th, 1938. SUDETEN GERMANS REMEMBER respectively, restitution payments of the Federal JAKOB EDELSTEIN Government (to be distinguished from the pay­ Yours, etc. ments made in accordance wilh the Indemnification (Mrs.) STELLA KURREIN In our April issue we printed a letter by Mr. Law) were indeed limited to a maximum of (widow of Rabbi Prof. Dr. V. Kurrein). Jacob Jacobson on the Theresienstadt Ghetto. DM 1,500 million. When the Federal Restitution 39 Hitchin Street, A reader has now drawn our attention to the Law of July 19lh, 1957, was passed, this Council Biggleswade, Beds. Sudeten-Jahrbuch 1959 (published by Seliger- al once made it clear to the German authorities Gemeinde, Munich), which carries an article by that this limitation was no longer in accordance "NOTES ON THE TRIAL OF JESUS" Karl Kern (a non-Jew) on his friend. Jakob Edel­ with the financial position of the Federal Republic, stein, who was Judenaeltester in Theresienstadt and should later be removed. The stated limita­ The first three of several " Notes on the Trial of until his deportation to Auschwitz, tion is the more unjustified if victims who were Jesus ", by Mr. Paul Winter, London, have been The article is based mainly on the facts described not resident in Germany are also compensated published in the SOth volume of the semi-annual in H, G. Adler's publications on Theresienstadt, out of Ihe same fund, a method introduced in 1957 Zeilschrift fiir die neulesiamentliche Wissenschaft and states that Edelstein was killed because he did by an ingenious legal device and never dreamt of (Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin). The "Notes" not carry out the orders given to him by the SS. hy anybody concerned when the agreements with are published in Enghsh. The publication, priced Kern writes: "Jakob Edelstein will always be Jewry and Ihe Allied Governments were concluded. at £3 per volume, may be obtained through any remembered with gratitude and admiration by his It canned be right to pay damages out of the bookseller. friends."

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Phone : SPEeitwell 8789 FOR HOUSE PURCHASE ENDOWMENT INSURANCE PICARDY HOTEL It is still THE DORICE PENSION SCHEMES Continental Cuisine—Licensed or ony other type of insuronce problem Meyrick Road, East Cliff, consult HOLIDAY TIME 169a Finchley Rd„ N.W.S BOURNEMOUTH (MAI, 6301) VERNOilf FUTERMAM 'Phone : Bournemouth 6982/4 PARTIES CATERED FOR 100, BURNLEY ROAD, N.W.IO First-Closs Family Hotel, Conti­ GLAdstone 9129 nental Cuisine, Special terms for SIMAR HOUSE permanent guests. Lift to all floors. THE PRIVATE CONTINENTAL HOTEL LEO HOROVITZ Two TV sets. On sea front. 10 & 24, HERBERT ROAD, ROSEMOUNT SCULPTOR-STONEMASON Every comfort. BOURNEMOUTH WEST 17 Parsifal Road, N.W,6 HAMp, 5856 Memorials for all Resident Proprietors : The house with the home-like atmosphere THE BOARDING HOUSE WITH CULTURE Cemeteries E. and R. KERPNER 'Phone : Westbourne 64176 A Home for you 16 FAWLEY ROAD (late of Vienna and London). Mrs. Margot Smith Elderlv people welcomed WEST HAMPSTEAD, N,W,6 Telephone : HAMpstead 2564 Page 20 AJR INFORMATION July/August, 1959 CONFERENCE OF JEWS IN GERMANY PROF. HEUSS RECEIVES RABBI DR. PRINZ President Heuss received Rabbi Dr. Joachim Concern at Anti-Semitism Prinz, President of the American Jewish Congress, At its recent conference in Dusseldorf, the several speakers in the discussion, in Bonn, when they discussed various aspects ot Zentralrat of the Jews in Germany passed a Dr, van Dam also reported that the number Jewish communal life in Germany. resolution expressing concern at certain trends in of returnees from Israel was estimated at at least During the interview President Heuss stressed Gerinany, which were also reflected in manifesta­ 7,000, Stressing that everything would be done his opinion that the virulence of anti-Semitism in tions of anti-Semitism, The reinstatement of to assist them in their resettlement, he criticised West Germany had been over-rated and sen­ former active Nazis in public positions, the two extreme groups amongst them: those who sationalised in Germany and abroad. He said resolution states, may have contributed to this acted as though they were the guardians of that the incidents were superficial and isolated. danger, " It is tragic that fourteen years after Zionist tradition, and those who now strongly Dr, Heuss referred to the educational programmes, the collapse of a regime which brought Germany criticised the country which had given them especially in the field of contemporary history, to and Europe to the brink of the abyss, we feel it refuge and security during the years of persecu­ acquaint German youth of the facts about the incumbent upon us to express our warnings," tion. Hitler Reich and the persecution of the Jews, and In his welcoming address, Josef-Hermann Duf- Dealing with the re-erection of synagogues, Dr, he emphasised that some provinces had already hues, Minister of the Interior of the Land van Dam stressed that the considerable decrease initiated projects in this direction. Northrhine-Westphalia, declared that a thorough in the membership of the communities had to be In reply to Dr, Prinz's statement that the analysis of the past events was indispensable for taken into account before deciding on the erection members of the Jewish community in Germany the restoration of a democratic state, Joachim of new bouses of worship and their size, felt isolated from general life, Dr, Heuss thought Ljpschitz, Swiator for the Interior in Berlin, who A report on the cultural activities of the this was due mostly to a certain shyness on the was also a guest speaker, warned of the dangers Zentralrat, given by Dr. H, Lamm, amongst other part of both Germans and Jews, and not to of a reinstatement of the Right-wing parties. things covered the following : training of teachers, hostility. He said that the destruction brought The symptoms of increasing anti-Semitism were youth activities, adult education, community about by the Nazis was so great that it was diffi­ dealt with in the report given by Dr. H, G, van libraries, participation in inter-denominational cult for both to encounter each other without Dam, General Secretary of the Ziientralrat, and by debates. shyness.

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