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5- &freft I especially,coming from the city of this finaraccorade must have prcased him V I his youth' * from his parents' His mother As a child, he receivedthe gift of music v to play the Chineseflute' From this sangKunqu, and his father taught him compositions' went on to write many dozens of musical Yuen Ren early start, he generationsof Chinese have sung and including some pieces that whole music has been passedon to his loved. This dual talent for languageand both subjectsat Harvard' daughter,Professor kis Pian,who teaches of some 60 years' to Dr' Life at home was a happy one' His marriage was born in , China, on November3, 1892' He complementarycharacteristics-her Buwei Yang, was a remarkablebalance of died on February24,1982. His was a long, charmedlife-brimming with joys humor' They provided a warm social mercurial outgoingnesswith his quiet and achievements. nucleusfortheirownextensivefamily,andforaninternationalcircleof He had a education at home, while the household friendsandstudents.Therewas,ofcourse'asecrettothislongsuccessful moved aroundnorth China accordingto the requirementsof the grandfather's fi'Jh an understandingbe As Chao would explain, it is critical that of his marriage. job. His love of languagecame early-in large part, no doubt, because : t. s reachedattheveryoutset:themanwouldmakethemajordecisionsinthe linguistic talents. In his linguistic autobiography,he recountshow, at age numerousminor ones' In their family, while the woman would make the four, he alreadyspoke an impure form of PekingMandarin and a pure form of a twinkle' there had never been many decadestogether, he would add with the changshudialect, and read only with the pronunciationof changchow, anydecision to be made' Kiangsu. producedpioneering work in Chao had an incessantlyactive mind that His considerableability was recognized early. In l9l0 a national long bibliography' as collected by many different directions' Scanninghis scholarshipsent him to study in America. After degreesfrom Cornell and essaysby Yuen Ren Anwar Dil in Aspectsof chincse sociolinguistics, Harvard,he taught at the best campuses:Qinghua, Harvard, and (from 1947) struck by the extraordinaryrange Chao (Stanford, 1976\,one is immediately at the University of california, Berkeley. His distinguishedcareer won him wireless telegraphyand the the man,s interests. ln 1915, he wrote on thc lrighcsthonors. He was a Fellow of the AmericanAcademy of Arts and of note on continuous of Neptune; in 1919 he published a Sr r,'ntr,,, llc wus clcctcd Presidentof the Linguistic Societyof America discovery llu4rl a[rl thc Alrrcricunoriental Society(1960), was awardedhonorary mathematicalinduction;rilg22,hismuchadmiredtranslationofAlice's ,r. govemment in Won'd'erlon'd'appeared; in 1928, the Chinese degreerhy prlrrcelon(1946), Bcrkeley(1962), and Ohio StateUniversity Ad,uentures ()' adoptedhis schemefor romanizing Chinese llrrttll ln frrrr, l9Xl, Itckirrgllnivcrsity appointed him HonoraryProfessor, offrcially 7- ' lrrrPwr4qrPtrmwfw' ,i.frfrfr- l/ ' structural l/ which ingeniouslyspells the four toneswith consonantsand vowels, and scholarship,he had a broadvision. Even though he helpedto found p,:" I hence uses no ; in 1936, he published a booklet for the chinese phonemics,hewasamongthefirsttounderstandthedeeperimplicationsof* 1954) fr Ministry of Educationon whot a Rad,ioBroad,caster shoutd, Krww; and on distinctivefeatures; his commentson this theory (in RomancePhilology and on. lntermingled with these are numerous scholarly contributions to arestill very cogent. books' linguistic and musical theory. Enough intellectual bounty to satisfy a dozen 1968, an especiallyprolific year' saw the publication of four Press)and lessermen! including Lottguageond, symhoticsystems (cambridge university former More than anyoneelse, chao laid the foundationof linguisticsin china. A Grammnrof spoken chirwse (university of california Press).The His monograph, studies in the Modern wu Diolects (1928), is the first work deals with linguistics at large from chao's unique interdisciplinary includes detailed phonetic report on an important speecharea of central china. In vantagepoint. It is probably the first generalbook by a linguist that synthesis addition to the many reports which he wrote himself, he was primarily intelligent discussionsofsuch languagetechnology topics as speech and responsiblefor the basic designof dialect surveyswhich were to guide teams and machine translation, as well as the usual coverageof descriptive than most of investigatorsin all its aspects,from its dialectsto its writing systems,its historicallinguistics. The book hasreached a much wider audience and history and its ontogeny,the structureof its lexicon, and its relation to logic linguistic essays(thanks in part to a warm review in scientifi'cAmcricatt), and other symbolicsystems. hasbeen translated into severallanguages' 800 pages chao was a leading scholar of structural linguistics. His article on the A Grammnrof SpokenChincse is monumentalin scope-some called non-uniquenessof phonemicsolutions of phonetic systemsis a classicwithin of detailed description and careful analysis. It has deservedlybeen that perspective,and was one of the most influential paperson theoretical ,.structurallinguistics at its best" (K. Chang,Journal of chinese Linguistics for any phonologyfor many decades.The chinese syllable, becauseof its isolability 10.387, 1982). It is as good a referencegrammar as can be found wrote and symmetricstructure, is an excellentsite for understandingthe principles language,and as suchwill surelyremain useful for yearsto come.chao and of phonemics.In that 1934 paper,the intricate relationsbetween the nuclear his grammar in English, in order to reach an internationalreadership; language vowel and its neighboringglides and consonantswere clearly revealedfor the now it hasbeen twice translatedinto Chinese,for the peoplelvhose of first time. An elegantvertical systemof three vowels was extractedfrom a he was describing. one translation is by the director of the Institute History dozenor so phoneticqualities. Linguistics in Beijing; the other is by the director of the lnstitute of reality of , His studyof the distinctionswithin Ancient chinese(194r) is really an and Philology in Taibei-anaccidental commentary on the political extensionof the sametheoretical considerations to the diachronicaspects of Chinatoday,tobesure.But,atthesametime,thereisnofinerwayof holds the chinese syllable,showing especially the constraintsthat the phonological showing the affection and esteemthat the field of Chineselinguistics context exercisesover the medial glide. But here, as in most aspectsof his for the man and his contributions. His asheswere deposited in the pacific ocean,according to his wishes-a fitting restingplace for a man who claimed both worlds, and gaveso much to each.when I was a schoolboyin china, one of my best-lovedsongs was one composedby chao. Though I did not have the privilege of meetinghim until a decadeor so later, his friendshipover many years(especially as a colleague il. iE at Berkeley) has deeply enrichedmy life, as it has countlessothers. one line of his melody is reproducedbelow. The song is entitled Jido w6 r,1 h6 bil xidng td? How can I not misshim?@ Rn iffi *i#fr t'f&ffi1+*l M;l;iI:+\W.Wt tridE-Q gH /f H, B &ftffituf #,hfd.fr,HEPl'fHAIe*,F#E+E (iFH) *f, tqs:

c #., olrt6& a *.4thtq4& &, +ffi ssEffi eos-ao7F" nFffi'tHEM(iFH ) +fiEB{H!+ffifr rhi bin d vi rl ac y{n yi Jlio vb ri tr| uu xriry ti ffi. 6Ff++ (wiliam Bright ) Zffiffii(FffJ, &,884'*fr+++\W++tljqrR William S_y. Wong E!f lE A I H H!& t IrnJ:i58+.fJ *41 E R. +t'f[AF?I t,'lf A i Uniuersityof Coliftrnio, Berkeley ft+ ffJstIR' ln+Tln l:ilfr'+-tul*11 #tD ffJ8,6, frtstrxtft')' T " &/18" Langunge,VoL 59, No. 3, (Sep., 1983), pp. 605-607 l5tftuL+,ftffiHaa )L;$In*&t7\frtEtz. fl3€ re73++uJ, (+ EiFH++R) (JournalofChinese Linguistics ) FJUFJll+ih€tJy'", ffi* HffiEd{ffihilni|&ffi.#J, IMWXNEb "lI.i6iFH+Zy" . illt +.h4JX {i T fi lt:lIE fr,friJ V.J - E zJ.tl.r t , +t 9E+ }frH * fA* ++ (crasmont) X1frffi,rrilte+Xffifr" ffi$UEf iH,g, +Jt;\qIEi :&, l^f g t E- +f ffLWEtVr.t,* t h +\fll'ff7 - tF* f fr+Jnh& *nA iI f + ,,\rft# ffJ n{ AJ " -ffi *iI,, ilx& l:ffifdfi E,H.#E )L*|frtu, E / lll&,H.E6H ffiE" ilXH!fl'Fir# ft^FfrHNH!, Ef**€H! ffiiEe, fiUft, LL.W E+SlB;ir,,lnZ,LfX+ E JMW&M*MTtrDT, +E+\HE)L 'FjU =Z$ IE ilr E,fd'f g xRtu1tFffi Lvz O help in presenting this musical A BnA1F H'jff + + ffi lhltl U A fi ll R ) [For example, the Editor of language is grateful to Mr. Tsun y. Lui md Mr Peng Chen, both of UCLA.I w&, ^- ffi+nrq )Ltultr€x t*9f !J tr z,tLj-..lfrr. +fi € JTH! E fg*€, t0 ,rritlif l* 4,tlll'll-- It't, S S,, {t tl,fltN tlk4-.V't 2,11fr EIne*BR+tfll IFJ 11, LLfrihf $yffi+X t6 'F&nffi& I WKfrffiffi'Wffie#W.(enea rarski ) fiftIittFSE lf (Murray Emeneau).

E,fI#E&&ffitr<.ffi WWffi tri#sljltiltr+tF*6.'\+fii#E'f;tE+t'H Afterthought -+f rT g jf +f * + Fh lM .ffi Hfi , ilft4ifrhft ff +f#r *%,lii, ffi+t +E H AJLHkl-++t+-E)1&W, rs:3++trE4LA'I+" Y+' 4p4 H+&tr4i6trEl85!J isg, aftJejt+m[.&E)Utrffi-]iiFi+H! Etlalpd EgJa)1ffi&, + Dr. Jiao Liwei's invitation for me to contribute a preface to his rtl'f& *-x*x# I tr+\u il\tit+\ffi#J&XF 'n-F, r )r &ffi*ffi , tr R n ^W franslationof Professorchao's oral History reminded me of an eulogy WtulF^" -+ EWUE' E)1+\ffi4+frWtr+t'f&&i# ffi*'h' l^+t+ wrote for Professor chao (Language59.605-607). lt was prepared at the ',l€ E+*+tl#L&wH.{,IA, r A F fi! HRE hl€ l* ffitul lH lk " Jfr tt lt {1i-b ft iE requestof ProfessorWilliam Bright, who was then the Editor of Lang.age. It +L)LW,E x dia ft ,Bf rk Z{ +t H i1,4tl&+\&l&+lEMm'\Flarl' 6H lfi' was ProfessorBright who madespecial arrangements with the printer to have 6!l\t6lrrH'ffirt. a line of music appendedat the end of the eulogy. We both felt that a remembranceof ProfessorChao would be sorely lacking without including a j'F, ' &ffi rtF lhh +\wT 4p*w*ffJ w'lz," wT fifr,ffrt H! lf& f r r € B!+ few barsof the man's wonderfulmusic' Utf , l&6WYttuWEliJTt\,lfr'#f4L1L*ffitr' ffi+Al' ffi'E+tJW+ I would like to add severalpersonal remembrances here, now that Dr. fnB z-E frH Rf,*I0E{ i${&H0 iF H +f f " 6+, +\i!lr* )1fx Jiao is providing me with an opportunity. It was early in 1973, and the issuewas firmHliflffiffi^+\tu\ffixz+ " Journalof chinese Linguisticshas just begunpublication. The first "father" fi4RH)4RnNffi++E*Ln|t+\&a{nr^8ill+#ffJtrsE-f. dedicatedto ProfessorChao, generallyacknowledged to be the of -ffi'l4l4Ef' to ffii+fi ixiF, hE * ffltviFi*#ffiX F E " B'ffiAffi modem Chineselinguistics. I drove up the winding Cragmont Avenue (rvrary Haas ) &ffixf 4 X Vifr+Jffi ll +fA g !0+Ffi H!-ffi , il7ilt&WffJ their home in Berkeley to make the presentation. Upon hearing this, Mrs. ^+.F l+ "Zt,l/," , 4\ln'.ix4lfiElt+rR4lgH"IEB{ , W+-ifrih&' chao went up to the secondfloor of their hillside house, scoopedup a big mark the lt-{n,ffil\ Vlmf$nm'ftr E DlEfBa %ffifttu1n1t+*N*xbF!+'ft' jumping fish from a bathtub, and made a deliciousdinner for us to festiveoccasion. L+f- Typically there were severalfish swimming in that upstairsbathtub, and 2oos+2 A s Ef+r6f *-n+ gUestsoften cameunannounced. Hospitality at the Chaoswas legendary,and

12 tLLtr-fr.-

the cuisine unrivaled. As advancingyears made things increasinglydifficult scamlcsslyinterwoven into his scholarshipon language.I try to emulatcthis for home cooking, I took specialpleasure in driving them into San Francisco broadvision till this day. V tl i(, occasionallyfor dinner at their favorite spots; from SamWo's for congeeto I am happy to seethat the Oral History of this wonderful man will now Yank Sing's on Broadway for more elaboratefare. Occasionallywe were bc accessibleto Chinesereaders, through the able translationof Dr. Jiao. As joined at theseoccasions by ProfessorChao's old friends, such as Professor ProfessorMary Haas has aptly put it in her Introduction to thes pages, "work Alfred Tarski, the famous logician, and ProfessorMurray Emeneau, the ProfessorChao's life is a of art", from which we can all draw much eminentSanskritist. inspiration. In addition, these pages are also a reflection of the turbulent Later that sameyear, 1973, I was getting ready to return to China after timesthat China went through,as seenby a remarkableman. 25 years abroad. I have been invited to give a seriesof lectures at Peking University, to be hostedby ProfessorLv Shuxiangand ProfessorZhu Dexi. William S-Y.Wang Just before my trip, ProfessorChao gave me a sealed letter, and asked ChineseUniaersity of Hong Kong explicity that I should personallyhand it to his studentin Beijing-Professor . 1973 was in the middle of the Cultural Revolution, and many people were undervarious kinds of political restriction-"beingkept in cow shed". When I did not meet ProfessorWang at my first lecture, I requestedhis presencein the name of Professor Chao, refusing to give the letter to anyone else. A week later, ProfessorWang showedup at my lecture. He receivedthe letter from me with his eyes brimming with grateful tears. It was a memorablemoment for me as well, for it revealedto me at once the subtle and effective way ProfessorChao did things, as well as his great humanity. Even though we were never in the same department at Berkeley, the many years of being on the samecampus with ProfessorChao has left me many warm memories. ln addition to his great humanity and erudition as a scholar, he also influenced me deeply to see researchin a broad multi-

disciplinary perspective. His background in physics and in music were +

14 t