Krab-Guide-220-1971-11.Pdf
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The Science of String Instruments
The Science of String Instruments Thomas D. Rossing Editor The Science of String Instruments Editor Thomas D. Rossing Stanford University Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics (CCRMA) Stanford, CA 94302-8180, USA [email protected] ISBN 978-1-4419-7109-8 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-7110-4 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7110-4 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer ScienceþBusiness Media (www.springer.com) Contents 1 Introduction............................................................... 1 Thomas D. Rossing 2 Plucked Strings ........................................................... 11 Thomas D. Rossing 3 Guitars and Lutes ........................................................ 19 Thomas D. Rossing and Graham Caldersmith 4 Portuguese Guitar ........................................................ 47 Octavio Inacio 5 Banjo ...................................................................... 59 James Rae 6 Mandolin Family Instruments........................................... 77 David J. Cohen and Thomas D. Rossing 7 Psalteries and Zithers .................................................... 99 Andres Peekna and Thomas D. -
A History of Mandolin Construction
1 - Mandolin History Chapter 1 - A History of Mandolin Construction here is a considerable amount written about the history of the mandolin, but littleT that looks at the way the instrument e marvellous has been built, rather than how it has been 16 string ullinger played, across the 300 years or so of its mandolin from 1925 existence. photo courtesy of ose interested in the classical mandolin ony ingham, ondon have tended to concentrate on the European bowlback mandolin with scant regard to the past century of American carved instruments. Similarly many American writers don’t pay great attention to anything that happened before Orville Gibson, so this introductory chapter is an attempt to give equal weight to developments on both sides of the Atlantic and to see the story of the mandolin as one of continuing evolution with the odd revolutionary change along the way. e history of the mandolin is not of a straightforward, lineal development, but one which intertwines with the stories of guitars, lutes and other stringed instruments over the past 1000 years. e formal, musicological definition of a (usually called the Neapolitan mandolin); mandolin is that of a chordophone of the instruments with a flat soundboard and short-necked lute family with four double back (sometimes known as a Portuguese courses of metal strings tuned g’-d’-a”-e”. style); and those with a carved soundboard ese are fixed to the end of the body using and back as developed by the Gibson a floating bridge and with a string length of company a century ago. -
FOMRHI Quarterly 2 BULLETIN 43 15 Bulletin Supplement 17 Plans: Edinburgh University Collection 18 Plans and Books'
Elena Dal Coriivo No. 43 April 1986 FOMRHI Quarterly 2 BULLETIN 43 15 Bulletin Supplement 17 Plans: Edinburgh University collection 18 Plans and books'. S.A.M.I., Paris 20 Plan! Eerens tr aver so 23 Plan! Vienna quint bass recorder The Harley Foundation, Welbeck 24 COMMUNICATIONS 688- REVIEWS! The Sound of the Fortepiano! A Discography, by A. Basardj 695 Musical Instruments Through The Ages, ed M. Hamber & L. Stanners^ Music for Oboe 1650-1800, by B. Haynes? ...Maultrommel..,2, ed. F. Crane*, A Treatise...violin playing, by L. Mozart, trans. E. Knocker (paperback reissue)! Un Musee Aujourd'hui (exhibition cat.)! The Art of Fingering the Harpsichord, by N. Pasquali (facs. of 1757 print)? Musical and Poetical Relicks of the Welsh Bards, by E. Jones (facs. of 1784 print) J. Montagu 26 726 Changes at Prague G. Lyndon-Jones 16 696 Review! Piano i Norge, by P A Kjeldsberg O. Aanstad 34 697 New Grove DoMI! JM no. 4! further detailed comments J. Montagu 35 698 New Grove DoMI! ES no. 4! Ca to Ci entries E. Segerman 39 699 Are computers anything for us? C. Karp 46 700 (Computer Comms) M. Lyndon-Jones 52 701 On computers, typewriters etc. M. Champollion 53 702 (Non-keyboard baroque temperament) B. Haynes 56 703 A matter of temperament M. Hodgson 69 704 The proportional compass R. Gug 71 705 A simple and cheap hygrometer T. Bergstrrim 87 706 Digital and other calipers B. van Leeuwen 88 707 Modification and sharpening of twist drills B. van Leeuwen 89 708 De humidifiers H.Hope 89 709 ...Chitarra battente H.Hope 90 710 Vihuela H.Hope 90 711 An experimental method N. -
Pasqualini Demarzi Six Sonatas for Cetra Or Kitara
Pasqualini Demarzi Six Sonatas for Cetra or Kitara Doc Rossi, 18th-century Cittern Andrea Damiani, Archlute and Baroque Guitar Doc Rossi & Andrea Damiani The Instruments The cittern seems to have started life as a conscious attempt at refashioning the Classical Greek “kithara” Sonata I: Sostenuto, Aria, Minuet to Italian Renaissance taste. The Renaissance cittern had a very shallow body, tapering from the neck (4.5-6cm) to the base (2-2.5cm) and, for the most part, used a re-entrant tuning that was well-suited to The Musical Priest (trad. arr. Rossi) playing with a plectrum, and to chording. Instruments typically had from 4 to 6 courses, double- and/or triple strung, sometimes with octaves, sometimes all unisons. Arch-citterns with up to 8 extra basses also Sonata II: Moderato, Largo, Allegro, Minuet existed. Typical fingerboard string lengths were from 44cm to 60cm, although several scholars believe that a much shorter instrument also existed, more suitable for the small but demanding solo repertoire. The Rights of Man (trad. arr. Rossi) String length has a distinctive though subtle effect on sound that is easier to hear than to describe – given the same pitch, similar string tension and double-strung courses, a longer string length is somewhat Sonata III: Moderato, Largo, Grazioso softer, with a characteristic “whoosh” during position changes that can be heard on today’s Appalachian dulcimer. The re-entrant tuning necessitates almost constant position changing when playing melodies of The Fairy Hornpipe - Whisky You're the Devil (trad. arr. Rossi) any range. The combination of shallow body and longer string length gives the Renaissance cittern a bright, jangling sound, which is further emphasized when it is played with a plectrum. -
PERFORMER ROLE CODES Role Code
PERFORMER ROLE CODES To help calculate the share of revenues that individual performers should receive from use of a sound recording, a performer is assigned a contributor category and role code. Role codes are split into a number of types – not all of which are eligible for payment. Each type is further sorted into different instrumental, vocal or studio personnel performances, so that it is easy to identify what each performer contributed to a sound recording. Payable roles are generally ones which provide an audible contribution to the final sound recording. Non-payable roles are generally studio activities which add no audible contribution to the final sound recording. PAYABLE ROLES There are a number of payable roles. These are broken down into groups depending on the activity or instrument being played. See below all of the roles within each group. BRASS Role Code Alphorn ALP Alto Horn ALH Alto Trombone ATR Alto Valve Trombone AVT Bankia BKA Bass Trombone BTR Bass Trumpet BTP Bass Tuba BTB Brass Bass BRB Bugle BUE Cornet CTO Corno Da Caccia CDC Dung-Chen DUN Euphonium EUP FanfareTrumpet FFT Flugelhorn FLH French Horn FRH Horn HRN Horn HOR Hunting Horn (Valved) HHN Piccolo Trumpet PCT Sackbut SCK Slide Trumpet STP Sousaphone SOU Tenor Horn TNH Trombone TRM Trompeta TOA Trumpet TRU Trumpet (Eflat) TEF Tuba TUB ValveTrombone VTR ELECTRONICS Role Code Barrel Organ BRO Barrel Piano BPN Beat Box BBX DJ D_J DJ (Scratcher) SCT Emulator EMU Fairground Organ FGO Hurdy Gurdy HUR Musical Box BOX Ondioline OND Optigan OPG Polyphon PPN Programmer -
Guitar in Oxford Music Online
Oxford Music Online Grove Music Online Guitar article url: http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com:80/subscriber/article/grove/music/43006 Guitar (Fr. guitare; Ger. Gitarre; It. chitarra; Sp. guitarra; Port.viola; Brazilian Port. violão). A string instrument of the lute family, plucked or strummed, and normally with frets along the fingerboard. It is difficult to define precisely what features distinguish guitars from other members of the lute family, because the name ‘guitar’ has been applied to instruments exhibiting a wide variation in morphology and performing practice. The modern classical guitar has six strings, a wooden resonating chamber with incurved sidewalls and a flat back. Although its earlier history includes periods of neglect as far as art music is concerned, it has always been an instrument of popular appeal, and has become an internationally established concert instrument endowed with an increasing repertory. In the Hornbostel and Sachs classification system the guitar is a ‘composite chordophone’ of the lute type (seeLUTE, §1, andCHORDOPHONE). 1. Structure of the modern guitar. Fig.1 shows the parts of the modern classical guitar. In instruments of the highest quality these have traditionally been made of carefully selected woods: the back and sidewalls of Brazilian rosewood, the neck cedar and the fingerboard ebony; the face or table, acoustically the most important part of the instrument, is of spruce, selected for its resilience, resonance and grain (closeness of grain is considered important, and a good table will have a grain count about 5 or 6 per cm). The table and back are each composed of two symmetrical sections, as is the total circumference of the sidewalls. -
Old English Instruments of Music, Their History and Character
OLD ENGLISH INSTRUMENTS OF MUSIC MUSIC LIBRARY Qr3 University of GaiiforniB , B«rk«toy /' LIBRARIAN'S FUft'O Printed in Great Britain TO THE MASTER WARDENS, COURT OF ASSISTANTS AND LIVERY OF THE WORSHIPFUL COMPANY OF MUSICIANS Floruit—Floret—Florebit 214917 PREFACE WHEN the General Editor asked me to contribute a volume on Musical Instruments to the series of The Antiquary's Books I found myself confronted by two great difficulties : there was, first of all, the vast extent of the subject, of which mere portions have already called forth large and important works ; and then there was the question whether it would be possible to put in a popular form material which should also satisfy the in- quiries of the student and archaeologist. The latter re- quirement will explain the admission of much which might otherwise be thought unnecessary ; for instance, to the ordinary reader it may seem a needless task to describe the compass, pitch and tunings of these old- world instruments, and yet there are no details about which I have been so frequently asked, especially by those who happen to possess musical relics and desire to hear once more the voices of the past. Having a pro- found sympathy with such desire, I hope they will find that, although the introduction of the Staff Notation into the text has been avoided, these interesting particulars can be easily ascertained by comparing the signs used with the key given in the Appendix. In order to deal at all adequately with so extensive a subject, it has been considered advisable to restrict it to a description of the instruments used in England and in other parts of the United Kingdom so far as they have viii OLD ENGLISH INSTRUMENTS OF MUSIC shared our old English life ; and it was thought that the end of the eighteenth century, or shortly after, would form a suitable point at which to close their history. -
Medium of Performance Thesaurus for Music
A clarinet (soprano) albogue tubes in a frame. USE clarinet BT double reed instrument UF kechruk a-jaeng alghōzā BT xylophone USE ajaeng USE algōjā anklung (rattle) accordeon alg̲hozah USE angklung (rattle) USE accordion USE algōjā antara accordion algōjā USE panpipes UF accordeon A pair of end-blown flutes played simultaneously, anzad garmon widespread in the Indian subcontinent. USE imzad piano accordion UF alghōzā anzhad BT free reed instrument alg̲hozah USE imzad NT button-key accordion algōzā Appalachian dulcimer lõõtspill bīnõn UF American dulcimer accordion band do nally Appalachian mountain dulcimer An ensemble consisting of two or more accordions, jorhi dulcimer, American with or without percussion and other instruments. jorī dulcimer, Appalachian UF accordion orchestra ngoze dulcimer, Kentucky BT instrumental ensemble pāvā dulcimer, lap accordion orchestra pāwā dulcimer, mountain USE accordion band satāra dulcimer, plucked acoustic bass guitar BT duct flute Kentucky dulcimer UF bass guitar, acoustic algōzā mountain dulcimer folk bass guitar USE algōjā lap dulcimer BT guitar Almglocke plucked dulcimer acoustic guitar USE cowbell BT plucked string instrument USE guitar alpenhorn zither acoustic guitar, electric USE alphorn Appalachian mountain dulcimer USE electric guitar alphorn USE Appalachian dulcimer actor UF alpenhorn arame, viola da An actor in a non-singing role who is explicitly alpine horn USE viola d'arame required for the performance of a musical BT natural horn composition that is not in a traditionally dramatic arará form. alpine horn A drum constructed by the Arará people of Cuba. BT performer USE alphorn BT drum adufo alto (singer) arched-top guitar USE tambourine USE alto voice USE guitar aenas alto clarinet archicembalo An alto member of the clarinet family that is USE arcicembalo USE launeddas associated with Western art music and is normally aeolian harp pitched in E♭. -
The a Brief Survey of Plucked Wire
The Wire Connection By Andrew Hartig A Brief Survey of Plucked Wire-Strung Instruments, 15th-18th Centuries - Part Four Wire-Strung Instruments in the 18th Century alone over about a The development of new wire-strung instruments in the 50-year period. Much 18th century took primarily two paths: the modification of already of this music, in both successful forms (such as modifying the body of the cittern to make printed and manuscript the new French cistre), and the adding of wire strings to instruments form, still exists, in- originally strung in gut (e.g. mandolin and chitarra battente). The cluding around 30 con- trends that had started in the 17th century such as chordal tunings certos and above 1000 and extended basses, became more commonplace for many of the duets, trios, quartets, 18th century wire-strung instruments. and sonatas. Many One of the distinguishing marks of 18th century wire- manuscript collections strung instrument development is the segregation of instrument survive in France, types by region when compared to previous centuries. Whereas in Sweden, Austria, and the 16th century one could find the 4-course diatonic cittern played Hungary.1 throughout almost all of Europe, by the 18th century citterns existed as specific regional variants: the English guittar, Frenchcistre , Ger- Chitarra battente man Zister, Norwegian sister, Spanish citara, and Corsican cetera. The chitarra On the other hand, other instruments seemed easily to transcend battente can be found national bounds, as did the mandolin. today as a folk instru- ment in the south- Mandolins ern regions of Italy. Mandolins had been around in all but name since at least Though musicologists Side and front view of chitarra battente, the 15th century, essentially modified forms of the Renaissance have typically given an Brussels Conservatoire, Inv. -
The Portuguese Guitar Acoustics: Part 1 – Vibroacoustic Measurements
Guimarães - Portugal paper ID: 187 /p.1 The Portuguese Guitar Acoustics: Part 1 – Vibroacoustic Measurements O. Inácioa, F. Santiago and P. Caldeira Cabral a Laboratório de Acústica Musical, Escola Superior de Música e Artes do Espectáculo do IPP, Rua da Alegria 503, 4000-045 Porto, Portugal, [email protected] b [email protected] c [email protected] ABSTRACT: From the variety of musical instruments that have enriched the history of Portuguese musical culture, the Portuguese Guitar is the one of the few to reach the status of national symbol. There are two distinct types of this instrument – the Lisbon and the Coimbra guitar – named after the towns where the two different styles of fado have developed. These models differ basically on their size and tuning, both comprising 6 courses of double steel strings, while the construction method (strutting patterns, wood species used and soundboard thickness distribution) varies for different builders. Although this instrument deserved the attention of a few researchers in the ethnological and musicological perspective, no thorough scientific study of the vibroacoustic behaviour of these instruments has been published so far. This paper is the first on an ongoing research in this field. Here we present the results of an experimental modal identification performed on the soundboard of fully- assembled Lisbon and Coimbra guitars. We compare and describe the frequency response curves for several specimens as well as their significant vibratory modes. Additionally, this work also aims to set an objective basis for the sound quality evaluation of different instruments presented in a companion paper. 1. INTRODUCTION Plucked string instruments have been the subject of scientific research for several decades. -
Library of Congress Medium of Performance Terms for Music
A clarinet (soprano) albogue anzhad USE clarinet BT double reed instrument USE imzad a-jaeng alghōzā Appalachian dulcimer USE ajaeng USE algōjā UF American dulcimer accordeon alg̲hozah Appalachian mountain dulcimer USE accordion USE algōjā dulcimer, American accordion algōjā dulcimer, Appalachian UF accordeon A pair of end-blown flutes played simultaneously, dulcimer, Kentucky garmon widespread in the Indian subcontinent. dulcimer, lap piano accordion UF alghōzā dulcimer, mountain BT free reed instrument alg̲hozah dulcimer, plucked NT button-key accordion algōzā Kentucky dulcimer lõõtspill bīnõn mountain dulcimer accordion band do nally lap dulcimer An ensemble consisting of two or more accordions, jorhi plucked dulcimer with or without percussion and other instruments. jorī BT plucked string instrument UF accordion orchestra ngoze zither BT instrumental ensemble pāvā Appalachian mountain dulcimer accordion orchestra pāwā USE Appalachian dulcimer USE accordion band satāra arame, viola da acoustic bass guitar BT duct flute USE viola d'arame UF bass guitar, acoustic algōzā arará folk bass guitar USE algōjā A drum constructed by the Arará people of Cuba. BT guitar alpenhorn BT drum acoustic guitar USE alphorn arched-top guitar USE guitar alphorn USE guitar acoustic guitar, electric UF alpenhorn archicembalo USE electric guitar alpine horn USE arcicembalo actor BT natural horn archiluth An actor in a non-singing role who is explicitly alpine horn USE archlute required for the performance of a musical USE alphorn composition that is not in a traditionally dramatic archiphone form. alto (singer) A microtonal electronic organ first built in 1970 in the Netherlands. BT performer USE alto voice adufo alto clarinet BT electronic organ An alto member of the clarinet family that is USE tambourine archlute associated with Western art music and is normally An extended-neck lute with two peg boxes that aenas pitched in E♭. -
Spanish Music and Its Representations in London (1878-1930): from the Exotic to the Modern
Spanish Music and its Representations in London (1878-1930): From the Exotic to the Modern. Kenneth James Murray Submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy July 2013 Melbourne Conservatorium of Music University of Melbourne Produced on archival quality paper ABSTRACT This thesis argues that the landscape of Spanish music in London evolved between 1878 and 1930 from Romantic exotic constructions to a recognition and appreciation of Spanish musical nationalism, which reflected some of the concerns of post-war musical modernism in a newly cosmopolitan context. This transformation will be traced through the study of specific protagonists and events that contributed to the English reception of Spanish music during this period. While the development of Spanish nationalist music and its important intersections with French music have been studied in numerous texts, little has been written on the English engagement with Spanish music. A key event in defining musical and theatrical Spain in the latter part of the nineteenth century came from France in the guise of George Bizet's Carmen (1875, London 1878). The opera, and its many parodies and theatrical re-workings in London, provides a foundation for discussions of Spanishness in late nineteenth-century England, and influenced the reception of Pablo Sarasate and Isaac Albéniz. In the Edwardian era, closer ties between England and Spain, increased travel possibilities and specialist writers rekindled enthusiasm for Spanish music. The anti- German currents of the pre-war years and the influence of French writers and musicians set the scene for the further English appreciation of Spanish music in the aftermath of the death of Enrique Granados in 1916.