Index

Page numbers in italic denote figures. Page numbers in bold denote tables.

Abenaki Formation carbonate bank 327, 355 Arac¸uaı´ orogen 11, 13, 36 depositional environments and diagenesis Araxa´ intrusion 53, 55 356–359 Argentina subplate 80 modelling study 360–364 rotation 81, 82 porosity 369–370 Argentine-South Africa conjugate margin system 77, 78, stratigraphy 358 81, 171, 175–180, 521 Abenaki sub-basin 268, 269 Argo Formation 268 Abimael Ridge 61, 101, 159, 198, 514, 515, 516 Arraial do Cabo dyke swarms 43–44 Abrolhos Archipelago 55, 56 Artimon argillaceous limestone (Abenaki 7) 327, Abrolhos Bank 55, 56, 59 356–357, 358 Abrolhos Volcanic Complex 55, 60 Asal Lake 519 abyssal mantle exposure, St Peter and St Paul Islets 66–69 Ascension Fracture Zone 236, 540, 541 Adamawa Uplift 62 Ascension Island 63–64 Ade´lie Rift Block 463, 465, 469 plume 45, 71, 231 Aden propagator 503, 507, 511, 517, 518, 524 asymmetry 170, 178–180, 405, 407, 416–417 Afar mantle plume 502, 508, 511, 525 see also Southern Rift System; symmetry Afar region 519 Atlantic Ocean divergent margins 3, 498–501 analogue for Santos-Namibe break-up 517 rift evolution 504 volcanism 523, 525 sea-floor spreading 501 Afar Swell 119 syn-rift phase 499 Afar triple junction 502, 507, 517, 518, 519 transgression/regression 499–500 Africa see African-Antarctic margin; SW African margin; transitional sequence 499 West Africa see also North Atlantic margins; South Atlantic African Plate 80 Atlantis Bank, slow spreading 373 break-up from Arabian Plate 501–504 ‘Atlas Gulf’ 340 deformation 81 Atlas Mountain Fold Belt 270 African-Antarctic margin, magmatism 23–24, 32 Austral Africa subplate 80 Agadir Basin 270, 342 deformation 81,82–84 alkaline feldspar crystallization 49, 50, 51 Austral Segment see South Atlantic, South Segment Almada Basin 215–232, 216 Australian-Antarctic Basin 466, 468 basement 221–222 Avalon Terrane 268 comparison with South Gabon Basin 229–230 Avedis Chain 93, 94, 515 continent-ocean boundary 222–225 fault system 225, 230 Baccaro limestone (Abenaki 2-6) 327, 356–357, 358 geological evolution 225–227 hydrocarbon exploration 359–360, gravity modelling 221, 224 369–370 half-graben sub-basins 222, 224, 225 seismic modelling 360–366 magnetic anomalies 223, 227 Bahia Seamounts 224–225 Moho and crustal depth 218–221, 229 Bahia State basins 215, 223 non-volcanic margin 225–227, 230–231 Balleny Fracture Zone 454, 455 oceanic basement 224 Baltimore Canyon Trough 326–327 proto-oceanic volcanism 227, 230 hydrocarbon exploration 329, 331 rifting 225, 230 Baltimore Rise 93-1 well 333 seismic imaging 216, 225, 226, 227, 229 Banhada˜o complex 22 stratigraphy 216–218, 229 Banquereau Formation 326, 327 Alula-Fartak Fracture Zone 511, 512, 516, 518 Baobab Field 235, 244 Amazon River 118 Barra do Itapirapua˜ complex 22 Amazonia Craton 13 Barra Fracture Zone 227–228 Angola see Espı´rito Santo-Angola conjugate margin system Barreirinhas Basin 538, 539, 553 Angola Craton 11, 12,13 basalt Angola-Congo margin alkaline exhumed lower continental crust, transitional lithosphere Rio Grande Rise 130 436–443 SE Brazil margin 22, 42 plate reconstruction 439, 441, 442 Walvis Ridge 132 seismic imaging 438, 439, 440, 442–443 high-Ti tholeiitic, Rio Grande Rise-Walvis Ridge 130, sub-salt sag basin 437–440, 442–443, 444 133, 134, 142–143 Animba Formation 217, 229 low-Ti tholeiitic, PMP 43, 134 Antarctica see African-Antarctic margin; Dronning Maud Land Newark Rift Basin 303, 304 apatite fission track analysis, West Africa-NE Brazil ocean island 42 margin 110, 111, 121, 122 see also flood basalt; Floriano´polis Dyke Swarm; Appalachian Orogen 268, 290 mid-ocean ridge basalt Aptian salt see salt, Aptian Basin and Range province, low-angle detachment faults 405 Aptian-Albian palaeostress 388, 389–390 bathymetry Arabian Plate 518 Santos Basin 149 break-up from African Plate 501–504, 518 Scotian Margin 293–294 break-up from Somalian Plate 503, 518, 522 Vito´ria-Trinidade seamount chain 59 558 INDEX bauxite, West Africa-NE Brazil margin 115, 120, 121 carbonatites Beachport Terrace Angola 31, 33 margin symmetry 467 Jacupiranga 48 Otway Basin 460, 461, 462 Paranaı´ba Arch 53 Belmont Island 66 Carolina Trough 327 Benguela Basin, pre-salt structure 194, foldout p. 196 Salt Basin conceptual play 329, 330 Benue Block 80 Catala˜o intrusion 53, 55 boundary rotation 77, 79 Cauvery Basin 478, 480 Besnard Bank 55, 59, 60 Cauvery Rift Zone 379, 391, 481, 482, 492 biomarkers, hydrocarbons 255–264 Ceara´ Basin 64, 538, 553 Blake Spur Magnetic Anomaly 302 Ceduna Terrace 468 Bonnet P-23 well 356, 360 Ceiba Field 235, 244 Boonton Formation 303, 304, 306 Cenomanian-Coniacian, sedimentation, West Africa-NE Brazil Bosaso Graben 516 margins 121–122, 123 Botucatu Formation 27 Cenozoic-Cretaceous & Jurassic Carolina Trough Salt Basin Brandberg Massif 29, 31, 32 conceptual play 329, 330 Brasilia Fold Belt 14, 35,36 Cenozoic-Cretaceous & Jurassic Palaeoslope Siliciclastic Brazil see NE Brazil; North Brazilian-Ivory Coast-Ghana-Benin play 329, 333 Shear Zone; SE Brazilian margin; West Central African Shear Zone 61–62, 79,82 Africa-NE Brazil margins Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) 267, 304, Bremer Basin 454, 455 324–325, 498 brittle crust Moroccan margin volcanics 347–349 in exhumed mantle lithosphere 447–448 Newark Rift Basin 316 see also embrittlement Central Atlantic margin, United States see US central broad-terrane basins 303, 315 Atlantic margin Newark Rift Basin 316 Central Segment see South Atlantic, Central Segment Broken Ridge 454, 455 Central Tectonic Boundary 11, 15 Bruce Rise 454, 455 Central Walvis Ridge (CWR) 132, 141 Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) Chaillu Massif 228 assessment 328–333 Chain Fracture Zone 236, 390, 540, 541 Bu´zios Unit 45 Challenger Island 66 Charcot Fracture Zone 236 Cabo de Santo Agostinho granite 45–47, 70 Charcot seamounts see Jean Charcot seamounts Cabo Frio dyke swarms 44 Chedabucto Fault 268, 269 strike-slip component 44 Clarens Formation 15 Cabo Frio High 61, 93, 94, 523 climate, and sedimentation, West Africa-NE Brazil Cabo Frio Island igneous intrusion 47, 48, 49, 50, 58 margins 115, 116, 117–126 magma evolution 49, 51 Cobequid Fault 268, 269 pyroclastic rock 51, 53 Cohasset Field 356, 366 Cabo Frio Terrane 15, 44 Colorado subplate, rotation 81 Cabo Frio Volcanic Province 54 Colorado-Hope transfer system 178 Camamu Basin 215, 216 Colorado-Orange conjugate margin system 171, 175–176, 177 non-volcanic margin 230 crustal structure 171, 175–176 Cameroon Volcanic Line 47, 61–63, 64 gravity modelling 175–176 Campos Basin 132, 133 Columbia Seamount 56 comparison with Scotian Basin 498, 500 composite basins 303 petroleum systems 498 compression pre-salt structure 194–196 Sudan rifts 81, 84, 86 outer volcanic high 195 Transbrasiliano lineament 83,84 sag interval 194 Congo Basin, sedimentation rate 113, 114, 115 syn-rift interval 194–195 Congo Craton 11, 12, 13, 96, 230 unconformity, base level and break-up 195–196 Conrad discontinuity, Red Sea 512, 513 sedimentation rate estimate 113, 114, 115 conservational models sub-salt sag basin 498–499, 500, 523 Central Segment reconstruction 77, 78,79–86 subsidence model 201, 209 v. non-conservational models 75–77 syn-rift extension 196, 208 continent-ocean boundary 95, 96 Campos-Kwanza margin Almada Basin 222–225 comparison with Newfoundland-Iberia margin 506 definition 454 comparison with Red Sea-Gulf of Aden margin 511 Nova Scotia-Morocco conjugate margin 271 extension 198 Santos Basin 187 Cananeia igneous intrusion 47–48 Southern Rift System 460, 461, 463, 464, 468, 471 geochronology 50 Wilkes Land 466 Cap Juby continent-ocean transition heavy oil discovery 337 definition 454 salt tectonics 341 Gulf of Aden 520, 523–524 Cape Fold Belt 13, 15 hyperextended margins, mantle exhumation 418–420 Caprico´rnio Lineament 93, 94, 103 SE Brazilian margin, seismic data 152–157, 159 carbonates South Atlantic 168, 169, 523 Kwanza Basin 28 South Segment 176–177 Morocco 340 break-up 177–180 Tethys evolution 499, 501 Southern Rift System 455, 456, 457, 463, 464, 468 US central Atlantic margin 269, 327, 355–370 West Iberia Margin 418–425, 423 INDEX 559 continental break-up mechanisms 373–397 Dixcove Ridge 241, 243 continental crust dolomitization, Abenaki Formation 358–359 East Indian margin 486, 491 Dom Feliciano orogen 13, 15 lower, exhumed, Angola-Congo margin 436–443 Doukkala Basin 338, 341, 342 seaward limit, Nova Scotia-Morocco conjugate Drakensberg basalts 15 margins 273–274 Dronning Maud Land, western, dykes 23–24 upper, ‘rails’ 388, 389–390 Dwyka Group 15 see also crustal thinning dyke swarms continental extension models 405, 407 African-Antarctic margin 12, 23–24, 31–33 Coromondal fault zone 379, 390, 481, 482 Saudi Arabia 510 Costeiro Unit 45 SE Brazil 12, 13, 14, 16–21, 31–33, 35, 149 Cree Member 327 early Cretaceous 42–43, 45, 46,70 Cretaceous, sedimentation, West Africa-NE Brazil margins Mid-Cretaceous 45 121–122, 123 Southern Africa 12, 24–25, 28, 32–33 Cretaceous & Jurassic Blake Plateau Basin play strike-slip component 36, 44 329, 331 Cretaceous & Jurassic Hydrothermal Dolomite play 329, 331–333 Early Cretaceous basins, palaeostress 388, 389–390 Cretaceous & Jurassic Interior Shelf Structure play 329, 331 earthquakes, SE Brazil 515, 516 Cretaceous & Jurassic Marginal Fault Belt East African Rift System 507 conceptual play 329–330, 330 East Coast Magnetic Anomaly (ECMA) 267, 269, 271, Cretaceous Normal Superchron 374, 375 272–274, 290, 302, 324–325 crust see continental crust; lower crust; oceanic crust East Indian margin crust-mantle interface, RGR-WR 139–140 break-up mechanisms 492–493 crustal architecture continental break-up 390–391, 394–396 Santos Basin 147–162 extensional deformation 378–379 South Segment 170–176 spreading rate 375 crustal thickness, RGR-WR 140–141 continental crust 486, 491 crustal thinning 76–77, 85, 86, 189, 413–416 crustal architecture 484, 486, 488–489 offshore Gabon 379, 381, 384, 387, 389 geological setting 478–482 rifting 413, 414–415, 416, 443–444 gravimetric and magnetic imaging 377–378 SE Brazilian margin 150-1, 153–157 gravity anomaly 482, 483, 484, 487, 488–490 models 159–160, 161 magnetic anomalies 482, 484, 487, 488, 489 South Segment 179 mantle exhumation 484, 485, 492 wound behaviour during break-up focusing 384–387, 389 Mohorovicic discontinuity (Moho) 484, 485, 488 wound linkage 381–382 oceanic crust 484, 489, 491 Cruzeiro do Sul Lineament 93, 94, 103, 523 proto-oceanic crust 484–489, 490–493 hot-spot chain 204, 205–206 proto-oceanic-oceanic transition 393, 396–397 ridge jump 375 Damara orogen 13 seismic imaging 376–377, 379, 482, 490 Danville Basin 302, 316 spreading rate 375 Davis Seamount 56 wound behaviour 384–386 Dawson Canyon Formation 326, 327 East Pacific Rise, fast spreading 374 Deep Ivorian Basin 542 East Shetland Basin, faulting 413 Deep Panuke gas field 329, 356, 358, 359 Eastern Ghat Mobile Belt 478, 480 development 368–369 eastern North American rift system discovery 367–368 evolution 301–318, 302 Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) rifting style 316 603B well 333 Eastern Rio Grande Rise 130, 131 Rio Grande Rise 130, 131, 141 Eastern Walvis Ridge (EWR) 132, 140–141 Site 356149, 155 Ecca Group 15 deformation Elan Bank micro-continent 390–391 African Plate 81,86 Elliot Formation 15 ductile continental crust 157 embrittlement extensional lower crust 408–411 East Coast India 378–379 West Iberia Margin 420–422 Gabon margin 378–379, 387, 389 Enderby Basin 375 intraplate 77, 78, 79, 84, 86, 169 Enriched Mantle I (EMI) component Newark Rift Basin 303, 312–313 RGR-WR basalts 133–134 Sa˜o Francisco Craton 221 geodynamic models 141–143 South America Plate 84, 86 Enriched Mantle II (EMII) component 134 deformation style 407–408 Eocene, sedimentation, West Africa-NE Brazil margins Demascota G-32 well 356, 360, 361, 362, 368, 369–370 120–121 AVO signatures 363–366 Equatorial Segment see South Atlantic, Equatorial Segment seismic modelling 360, 361, 362, 363–366 Erta Ale Volcano 519 denudation, onshore indicators, West Africa-NE Brazil Espı´rito Santo sub-salt sag basin 523 margins 110, 111 oil 257 depocentres Espı´rito Santo-Angola conjugate margin system Moroccan margin 350 76, 78 Tano Basin 239, 240, 241, 243, 244 conceptual model 526–527 Diamantina Zone 456, 463 pair profiles 523, 524 diamondoids, hydrocarbon geochemistry, Kudu Essaouira Basin 270, 338, 341, 342, 347–348 Field 255–259, 260 hydrocarbon exploration 337 560 INDEX

Etendeka Magmatic Province 25–29, 70, 132, 133 Gavia˜o Block 221, 223 composition 141–142 Gemini Fault System 333 volcanics and dykes 12, 29, 31 geochemistry see also Parana´-Etendeka Large Igneous Province Kudu hydrocarbon discovery 255–259, 260 Etjo Formation 27 well 2815/15-01 and Sidetrack 259, 261, 263–264 Eurydice Formation 268 George V Land 455, 456, 459 evaporites Georges Bank Basin 326 US central Atlantic margin 326–327 Gettysburg Basin 302, 315 see also salt Ghana Ridge exhumation development 541–542 crustal model 85,86 flexural uplift 547–548 lower continental crust, Angola-Congo 436–443 migrating subsidence 545 mantle 152, 180 numerical modelling 543–545 brittle crust 447–448 uplift 543–545 conceptual model 444–446 passing spreading ridge 543–546, 547–548 East Indian margin 484, 485, 492 sea-floor spreading 539 Goban Spur 436, 437 thermal uplift 545–546 Gulf of Aden 504 transpression 543, 548–554 Newfoundland-Iberia rift 430–436, 525 glaciation, Antarctica 119 Southern Rift System 463, 465, 467, 469–470 Goban Spur margin, exhumed mantle, transitional extension lithosphere 436, 437, 444 continental extension models 405, 407 Godavari Basin see also hyperextension crustal architecture 485, 486 extension paradox 418 see also Krishna-Godavari Basin extension rate see spreading rate Gondwana Ezanga Formation 217, 229 break-up 11, 13, 16, 454, 498 and Atlantic divergent margins 498–501 Falkland (Malvinas) Islands, dykes 21–22, 25, 26,32 formation 11, 12 Falkland Segment see South Atlantic, Falkland Segment pre-break-up magmatism 12, 15–16, 31–32, 34 fault geometry, and margin asymmetry 416–418 rifting 12–13, 32, 34–36 fault rotation 407, 414–415, 416, 417 sutures 11, 32–34 faulting Gough Island 64, 66, 132 East Coast India 379, 380 gravity anomalies low-angle detachment 405 East Indian margin 377–378, 482, 484, 488–490 offshore Gabon 379, 380 offshore Gabon 377–378 syn-rift, Central South Atlantic 196, 208 RGR-WR 131, 135–139 Feltville Formation 303, 304, 306 Santos Basin 150 Fernando de Noronha Islands 63, 64 South Atlantic 186 Ferndale Dome 307 SSPS 93, 94, 95, 96 Flemington-Furlong Fault 307 seismic line 150157, 158 flexural modelling, RGR-WR 131, 135–140 seismic line 375153, 154 flood basalt seismic line 600153, 156 South Atlantic Ocean, South Segment 177–178, 179, 180 Great Australian Bight margin 454, 455, 459, 463 see also Central Atlantic Magmatic Province; Parana´ symmetry 467, 469 Magmatic Province Guapiara Dyke Swarm see Ponta Grossa-Guapiara Dyke Swarm Floriano´polis Dyke Swarm 12, 14, 16, 19–21, 22, 23, Gulf of Aden 499, 517, 518 32–33, 35 break-up model 524–525 strike-slip component 36 conjugate margins 512, 516–517, 525 Floriano´polis Fracture Zone 91, 94, 101, 102, 103, 514, 515 conceptual model 524–525 Fomban Shear Zone 62 pair profiles 523–524 Foz do Amazonas Basin 538 formation 503–504 Funda˜o Intrusive Suite see Vito´ria-Colatina Dyke Swarm magnetic anomalies 511 Fundy Basin 268, 269, 302, 316 mantle exhumation 504 ocean-continent transition 520, 523–524 ‘G-magnetic anomaly’ 168, 169–170, 176 oceanic crust 511, 512, 517 gabbro, Atlantis Bank 373 reconstruction 522 Gabon rift basin 505, 507–512, 517 continental break-up 390–391, 394–396 sediments 512 extensional deformation 378–379, 387, 389 spreading centre 516, 520, 525 gravimetric and magnetic imaging 377–378 volcanism 511, 520, 523 seismic imaging 376, 379, 380, 383, 387, 392 Gulf of Suez spreading rate 374–375 formation 502 wounds 384, 386–387, 389 rift basin 505, 507–508 Gabon Basin see South Gabon Basin salt province 507, 508 Galicia Bank Gulf of Tadjura 516, 519 allochthonous brittle crust 447–448 Gurupı´ graben system 538 exhumed mantle peridotite 430–431 Guyana Subplate 77, 80,82 Galicia Interior Basin Guyot Province 132 lower crust embrittlement 408–411 alkaline basalts 134 seismic imaging 409, 410, 411 flexural modelling 138–139 gammacerane biomarkers 259, 261 volcanism 141 Gariep orogen 13 guyots, Rio Grande Rise 130, 131 INDEX 561 half-grabens Jacupiranga igneous intrusion 22, 36, 47–48 Almada Basin 222, 224, 225 Jean Charcot seamounts 101, 102, 150, 153, 187, 205–206 Scotia Basin 290 Jeanne d’Arc Rift Basin 302, 316 South Segment 171, 173, 175, 386 Jequie´ Block 221, 223 halokinesis see salt tectonics Jequitinhonha Basin 215, 216 Hami Graben 516, 518 Jequitinhonha-South Gabon conjugate margin 78 Hartford Basin 302, 314, 315 Jubilee Oil Field 235, 244, 245–247 High Atlas Mountains 270 Juquia´ complex 22 hinge line, Nova Scotia margin 268, 269 Jurassic magnetic quiet zone 272, 273 Hobby High, allochthonous brittle crust 447–448 Jurassic Shelf Stratigraphic conceptual play 329, 331 Hook Mountain Basalt 303, 304, 306 Jurassic-Cretaceous Carbonate Margin conceptual play 329, hopane biomarkers 259, 261, 263 329, 330, 331 hot-spot tracks Jutulrøra dyke swarm 24 Cruzeiro do Sul Lineament 204, 205–206 South Atlantic 231 Kalahari craton 11, 12,13 Vito´ria-Trinidade chain-Poc¸os de Kaoko orogen 13 Caldas-Cabo Frio 58, 60 Karoo Basin 15 hydrocarbon systems, Scotian Basin 499–500 Karoo dykes 15, 24–25 hydrocarbons Karoo Large Igneous Province 12, 15, 16, 23, 27 Baccaro limestone (Abenaki 2-6) 359–360 Kerguelen hot spot 375 biomarkers 255–264 Kerguelen Plateau 454, 455 Campos Basin 498 kimberlite 29, 31, 45, 53, 122 exploration, SE Brazil 151, 160, 162 Konark transfer zone 481, 482 geochemistry 255–264 Krishna Basin, crustal architecture 484 and origin of oil 256, 258–259, 261, Krishna-Godavari Basin 478, 480 263–264 Krishna-Godavari Rift Zone 375, 379, 390–391, 481, plays 482, 492 salt-related, Moroccan margin 345, 346 Kudu hydrocarbon discovery 252, 253, 255, 257 US central Atlantic margin 323, 328–333 geochemistry 255–259, 260, 262 West Africa 235, 236 origin of oil 256, 258–259 Santos External High 159, 160 Kunene-1 borehole 252, 253, 258 Sergi Formation 217 Kwanza Basin 191, 194 subsalt traps 345, 346 crustal thinning 381, 385 Tano Basin, play elements 243, 244–245 magmatism 27–28 see also petroleum systems; Santos Basin, oilfields pre-salt stratigraphy 194 hyperextension uplift 117 continent-ocean transition 418–420 extension paradox 418 Labrador Sea, magma-poor margin 404 magma-poor rifted margins 403–425, 407 LaHave Platform 268, 269 evolution 411–425 large igneous provinces 12, 15, 16, 23, 25–29, 148 sequential faulting model 411–418 absence of, Almada Basin 231 Afar 502, 507 Iapetus Ocean, closure 323, 324, 325 sources 143 Iberia Abyssal Plain, seismic imaging 413, Southern Rift System 457 431, 432 Yemen 508, 509 Iberia margin 499 see also Central Atlantic Magmatic Province; Karoo Large break-up 525, 528 Igneous Province; Parana´-Etendeka Large Igneous see also West Iberia-Newfoundland conjugate margin Province Inaccessible Island 65 Large Marginal Anomaly 80, 84, 170, 176, 178 India see East Indian margin laterite, West Africa-NE Brazil margin 115, 120, 121 Indian Ocean, opening 375 Laurentian sub-basin 268, 269 Ipanema complex 22 lithosphere see transitional lithosphere Irati Formation 19 local basins 303 Iroquois Formation 268, 326 Newark Rift Basin 315–316 isostasy, RGR-WR 132, 137 Lockatong Formation 303, 304, 306, 315, 317 Itabunas (Itabuna-Salvador-Curac¸a) Belt 221, thickening 307–308, 309, 317–318 223, 227 vitrinite reflectance 309 Itapirapua˜ complex 22 Logan Canyon Formation 326, 327 Itatiaia igneous intrusion 47, 48 lower crust, embrittlement 408–411 geochronology 52 Luanda Transverse Fault Zone 11–12, 204 magma evolution 49, 51 Lu¨deritz Basin 252, 253, 255, 257 Itau´na alkaline intrusion 47, 48, 50 Luı´s Alves Craton 11, 12, 13, 14,15 magma evolution 49, 51 Lula oilfield 187, 188, 189 pyroclastic rock 49, 51, 53 Ivorian-Tano Basin see Tano Basin Magdalen Basin 268, 269 Ivory Coast see North Brazilian-Ivory Coast-Ghana-Benin magma-dominated margins, South Segment 177–178, Shear Zone 179, 180–181 Ivory Coast margin 96 magma-poor margins 454 effect of mantle properties 420–421 Jacuı´pe Basin evolution 411–425 Bahia Seamounts 224–225 hyperextension 403–425, 407 magnetic anomalies 227 sequential faulting model 411–418 562 INDEX magma-poor margins (Continued) mantle serpentinites, magnetic anomalies 448 lower crust embrittlement 408–411 Marajo Basin 538 oceanic spreading ridge 422–423 marginal volcanic complex, SE Brazilian margin 153, Southern Rift System 454–472 154, 155, 156, 157 spreading rate 408 Marmora Member 327 temperature 408 Martin Vaz Island 55, 57, 58 transitional lithosphere 429–449 Mayombe Fold Belt 228, 230 emplacement model 444–446 Mazagan Plateau 338, 341 geodynamic province 446 mega-shear zones, Gondwana 11 magmatism megamullions, St Peter and St Paul Islets 66, 68, 69 Arabian Plate 508 Meguma Terrane 268 mechanisms 230 Melania Formation 217, 229 post-break-up Mendanha igneous intrusion 47, 48, 49, 50 continental margin and deep ocean 54–66 geochronology 52 NE Brazil 45–47 pyroclastic rock 49, 51, 53 SE Brazil, alkaline 47–54 Meskala gas/condensate field 338, 339 South Atlantic 41–71 metasomatism 134, 141 pre-break-up Mexilha˜o Field 251, 253 African-Antarctic margin 23–24 Mic Mac Formation 326, 327 alkaline 29, 31 Mid-Atlantic Ridge SE Brazilian margin 16–23, 24, 25, 26 embryonic 193, 195, 196 SW African margin 24–31 islands 64–66 SW Gondwana 12, 15–16, 31–36 Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalt (MORB) 43, 133, 134 Rio Grande Rise-Walvis Ridge 133–135 Milankovitch-type cycles 314 US central Atlantic margin 324–325 Miocene, sedimentation, West Africa-NE Brazil magnetic anomalies margins 117, 118–119 C34 168 Misaine shale 326, 327, 356, 358 palaeogeography, RGR-WR 132, 133 Missisauga Formation 326, 327, 367 East Indian margin 375, 377–378, 482, 484, 489 Moc¸amedes Arch 101, 102 Gulf of Aden 511 Mohawk Formation 327 Nova Scotia-Morocco conjugate margins 272 Mohican Formation 268, 269, 326 offshore Gabon 377–378 Mohican I-100 well 356, 361 Parana´ Basin 21 Mohorovicic discontinuity (Moho) SE Brazilian margin 21 Almada Basin 218–221 South Segment 169–170 Colorado-Orange conjugate margin system 175 Southern Rift System 456 East Indian margin 379, 392, 484, 485, 488 transitional lithosphere, magma-poor faults during rifting 414–415, 416, 417 margins 448 Gulf of Aden 517 see also East Coast Magnetic Anomaly; ‘G-magnetic anomaly’; offshore Gabon 379, 392 West African Coast Magnetic Anomaly Red Sea 512, 513 Mahanadi Basin 478, 480 Scotian margin 294, 295–297 crustal architecture 486 SE Brazilian margin 153–157, 161, 172, 173 Mahanadi Rift Zone 375, 390–391, 481, 482, 492 shoaling 157, 415, 417 Mahogany 1 well 235, 242, 245–247 Southern Rift System 469–470 Mahogany prospect, identification 244 West Iberia-Newfoundland margin 406, 421 Malange Horst see Luanda Transverse Fault Zone temperature 408 Malvinas (Falkland) Islands, dykes 21–22, 25, 26,32 Morocco margin 269–271, 337–351 Mandorove Formation 217, 229 carbonate platform 269 Mantiqueira Province 13 depocentres 350 mantle hinge line 269, 270, 272 abyssal, St Peter and St Paul Islets 66–69 hydrocarbon exploration 337 depleted MORB 134 neotectonics 351 unroofing see mantle exhumation non-salt structures 347–349 see also Enriched Mantle I component; Enriched Mantle II pre-stack depth migration 343, 345, 346 component; sub-continental lithospheric mantle rifting 349 mantle exhumation 86, 152, 180, 390, 415, 416, salt 270–271, 338–341 418–420, 422 salt deposition 350 conceptual model 444–446 salt tectonics 340–351 East Indian margin 484, 485, 492 evolution 348, 349–351 Goban Spur margin 436 hydrocarbon play types 345, 346 Gulf of Aden 504 subsalt traps 345, 346 Newfoundland-Iberia rift 430–436, 525 seismic examples 341, 342, 343, 345 Southern Rift System 463, 465, 467, 469–470 subprovinces 341 mantle global warming model 324 sea-level change 350 mantle plumes stratigraphy and structure 337–341, 342 Central South Atlantic 199–205, 209 subsidence 350 effect on subsidence 200, 201, 203 syn-rift volcanoes 347–349 and plate motion 203–205 see also Nova Scotia-Morocco conjugate margins post-break-up 202, 203 Morro de Sa˜o Joa˜o igneous intrusion 47, 48, 49, 50, Nuanetsi 24 53–54, 58 South Atlantic magmatic provinces 129 geochronology 54 RGR-WR magmatism 134–135, 143 magma evolution 49, 51 INDEX 563

Morro dos Gatos alkaline intrusion 47, 48, 50 seismic velocity models 271, 273, 290 magma evolution 49, 51 siliciclastic sedimentation 269 pyroclastic rock 49, 51 SMART lines 290, 295, 296, 297, 298 Morro Redondo igneous intrusion 47, 48 structural variation 281–284 Muglad Basin 62 volcanism 284 Mundau´ sub-basin 538 volcanic to non-volcanic transition 277, 280, 281, 282, 284, 289, 291 Namibe Basin 92, 95–96, 252, 253 see also Scotian margin gravity anomaly 96 Nuanetsi triple junction 24 Namibe margin 103 Nubian Block 80 correlation with SE Brazilian margin 251–255, 521–522 boundary rotation 77, 79 Naskapi Member 326, 327 Nursery core, vitrinite reflectance 309, 310 Naturaliste Plateau 454, 455 Nyanga Basin 228, 229, 230 NE Brazil magmatism, post-break-up 45–47 Occidental Terrane 15, 45 subplate 80 ocean fracture zones 539, 540, 541 see also West Africa-NE Brazil margins oceanic crust Nejoio carbonatites 31 East Indian margin 484, 489, 491 New York Bight Basin 302, 315 Gulf of Aden 511, 512 Newark Rift Basin 301–302 Red Sea 503–504, 512 deformation 303, 312–313 transition from proto-oceanic crust 393, 396–397 erosion 303 oceanic spreading ridge generation 422–423 fault zones 303, 307 Ogooue´ Orogenic Belt 228 geology 303–305 oil fields see hydrocarbons; petroleum systems growth deposits 307, 308, 309 Okavango Dyke Swarm 24–25, 32, 33 Newark Basin Coring Project (NBCP) 304, Okume Field 244 307–309 Olifants River Dyke Swarm 32, 33 reconstruction 311–314 Oligocene, sedimentation, West Africa-NE Brazil deformation 312–313 margins 119–120 intrabasin faulting 314 Oneida O-25 well 356, 361, 364 syn-rift units 311–312, 314, 316 Orange Basin 132, 133 tilting 314 Kudu hydrocarbon discovery 256 transverse folding 313–314 see also Colorado-Orange conjugate margin system sedimentation 303–304, 307, 309–312, 314, 316 Orange Mountain Basalt 303, 304, 306 seismic reflection profiles 305, 307 Oriental Terrane 15, 45 stratigraphy 303–304, 306 dykes 44 vitrinite reflectance 309–311 Ormsby wavelets 360, 362 Newfoundland margin Orpheus Basin 268, 269, 326, 519 magma-poor margin 152, 404 Otway Basin 455, 459 seismic imaging 431, 434, 435 Beachport Terrace 460, 461, 462 see also West Iberia-Newfoundland conjugate margin outer volcanic high, Central South Atlantic 193, 195 Newfoundland-Iberia rift see West Iberia-Newfoundland Ozouri Formation 217, 229 conjugate margin Nightingale Island 65 Pagalu Island 62 N’Komi Fracture Zone 227, 228 pair profiles non-volcanic margins 230 Espı´rito Santo-Angola conjugate margin 523, 524 North Atlantic margins Gulf of Aden 523–524 break-up 518–519, 521 Nova Scotia-Morocco conjugate margins 275–281 comparison with South Atlantic Ocean margins 498–501, 506 Santos-Namibe conjugate margin 523, 524 magma-poor403, 404, 498 South Atlantic conjugate margin 523 North Brazilian-Ivory Coast-Ghana-Benin Shear Zone 389–390 palaeoclimate, West Africa-NE Brazil margins 111 North Gabon-Sergipe margin 82 palaeogeography North Kwanza Basin 191, 194 Rio Grande Rise-Walvis Ridge, C34 anomaly 132, 133 North Tano Field 242, 243 SSPS 97, 98–103 North Vizag transfer zone 481, 482 palaeostress, Aptian-Albian 36, 388, 389–390 Nova Scotia-Morocco conjugate margins 267–285 Paleocene, sedimentation, West Africa-NE Brazil break-up 268, 518–519, 521 margins 120–121 carbonate platforms 269 Pan-African continental collision zone 45 continental break-up front275–281, 282 Pan-African Orogeny 228 fault blocks 275–277, 278–279, 290 Pangaea 323–324 geology 290 break-up 267, 498, 501 magnetic anomalies 272 rifting 301, 302, 324 mantle serpentinization 278–279, 283, 284 Panuke Field 366–367, 370 oceanic crust 283, 284, 290 Panuke H-08 well 369 pair profiles 275–281 Panuke PP-3C well 367 reconstruction 271–275, 283 Para Maranha˜o Basin 538 Chron M25 271, 272–273 Paraı´ba do Sul Shear Zone 11 pre-rift (maximum closure) 274–275 Paraı´ba do Sul Unit 45 seafloor spreading onset 273–274 Parana´ Basin 18, 19, 20, 21 salt structures 272–273, 275–277, 278–279, 290 strike-slip movement 81,83–84 SDRs 269, 271, 273, 277, 283, 291 tholeiitic magmatism 42, 70 seaward limit of continental crust 273–274 Parana´ Continental Basalt Province 41, 43 564 INDEX

Parana´ flood basalts 189, 199–200, 509–510 proto-oceanic crust Parana´ Magmatic Province 25–29, 132, 133, 199–200 East Indian margin 484–489, 490–493 composition 133, 134, 141–143 transition to oceanic crust 393, 396–397 Parana´ mantle plume 199–206, 207, 209 proto-South Atlantic 11, 12 effect on subsidence 200, 201, 203 pull-apart basins, Equatorial Atlantic 381, 385 post-break-up influence 202, 203 pure-shear 405 and relative plate motions 203–205 pyroclastic rock, Poc¸os de Caldas-Cabo Frio Lineament 49, 51 Parana´-Etendeka Large Igneous Province 12, 16, 25–29, 509–510 Paranaı´ba Arch igneous intrusions 45, 53, 55, 56, 57 Red Sea 499, 517 Paranapanema Craton 12, 13 break-up model 513–514, 524–525 Pariquera-Ac¸u complex 22 carbonates 504 Parnaiba do Sul River 120 comparison with Santos Basin 514–516 Passa Quatro igneous intrusive complex 47, 48 evaporites 504 geochronology 52 formation 501–504 Passaic Formation 303, 304, 306 Moho 512, 513 growth deposits 307–308, 309 oceanic crust 503–504, 512–513 thickness 307–308, 311–312 rift basin 505, 507–510, 512–513 passive margins, conservational/non-conservational models rift phase 504 75–77 salt tectonics 504, 506, 507–508, 509, 510 Patagonia Block 80 volcanism 509, 510 rotation 81 Red Sea-Gulf of Aden margin, comparison Pelotas Basin 132, 133, 514, 515 with Campos-Kwanza margin 511 crustal architecture 171–172, 173 Regia˜o dos Lagos Unit 45 gravity and magnetic anomalies 172, 174 Resende Dyke Swarm 12, 14, 16, 33, 35,36 sedimentary succession 251, 253, 254 reverse time migration 152 sedimentation rate 112, 114, 115 rheology, lower crust, hyperextended continental margins 408, 409 spreading 516 Ribeira fold belt 11, 13, 14, 15, 35, 36, 45 volcanic basement 21, 24 rift basins, types 303, 315–316 Pelotas-Walvis conjugate margin 77, 78, 81, 171–173 rift systems crustal structure 171, 172–173, 175, 176 symmetry/asymmetry symmetry 170, 175, 202 and lower crustal rheology 405, 407, 408 Penobscot L-30 well 356 see also asymmetry; symmetry peridotite rifting 189, 190 abyssal mantle eastern North American rift system Galicia Bank 430–431 301–318 St Peter and St Paul Islets 66, 68 influence of Parana´ mantle plume 202, 203 magnetic anomalies 448 magma-poor margins 429–449 Perkasie Member 306, 308 Pangaea 301, 302, 324 Pernambuco Lineament 62 Southern Rift System 454–472 petroleum geology, Tano Basin 243 style, Nova Scotia margin 297–299 petroleum systems total rift evolution 178–180 Cabo Frio Volcanic Province 54 wide and narrow rifts 407 Campos Basin 498 see also Newark Rift Basin lacustrine and saline basin conditions 249–250 Rio Bonito igneous intrusion 47, 48, 49 source rocks 125 magma evolution 49, 51 turbidite, West Africa-NE Brazil margins 120, 123, 124, 125 Rio de la Plata craton 11, 12,13 see also hydrocarbons Rio de la Plata subplate 80 plate reconstruction, South Atlantic Ocean 168, 170, 191, boundary with Santos subplate 83 198–199 rotation 81, 82 plays see hydrocarbons, plays Rio Doce Delta 17, 18 Plio-Pleistocene, West Africa-NE Brazil margin, sedimentation Rio Grande Fracture Zone see Floriano´polis rate 116, 117–118 Fracture Zone Poc¸os de Caldas-Cabo Frio Lineament Rio Grande Rise 61, 71, 95, 130–132, 522–523 igneous intrusions 45, 47–54, 70–71 Rio Grande Rise-Walvis Ridge 64–65, 71, 129–143 eruption model 49–50, 51 crust-mantle interface 139–140 magma evolution 48–49, 51 crustal thickness 140–141 Vito´ria-Trinidade chain hot-spot track 58, 60 Enriched Mantle I (EMI) component 133–134 Pompton Tuff 314 geodynamic models 141–143 Ponta Grossa Dyke Swarm 149 Enriched Mantle II (EMII) component 134 Ponta Grossa-Guapiara Dyke Swarm 12, 14, 16, 18–19, 20, flexural modelling 131, 135–140 33, 35,45 free-air anomalies 132, 133, 135, 136–139 magnetic anomalies 21 isotope signatures 133–134 strike-slip component 36 palaeogeography, C34 anomaly 132, 133 Ponte Nova igneous intrusive complex 48 source of magmatism 133–135 geochronology 50, 52 volcanism 141, 523 Potiguar Basin 538, 539 Rio Negro Magmatic Arc 11, 15 pre-stack depth migration Rodinia 323, 324 CSA 193, 194 roho systems, Morocco margin 343, 344, 345, 346 Moroccan margin 343, 345, 346 Romanche Fracture Zone 236, 238, 390 SE Brazil 152, 153 deformation 539, 540, 541 Preakness Basalt 303, 304, 306 passive margin subsidence 239 progradation, marginal basins 111, 119 stratigraphy 240 INDEX 565

Romanche Transform Fault 67, 238, 542 Santos Basin-Sa˜o Paulo Plateau System 91–103 strike-slip faulting 543 gravity anomaly 93, 94,95 transpression 543, 545 microblocks 96, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103 palaeogeography 97, 98–103 Sable Member 326, 327 ridge-jump hypothesis 93, 95 Sable sub-basin 268, 269, 290 rotation 83, 84, 98, 99, 100 sag basins 303 sub-basins 93, 94 Morocco 338–340 Santos External High 157, 159 Newark Rift Basin 315–316 Santos subplate 80 offshore Namibia 255 boundary with Rio de la Plata subplate 83 sub-salt Santos-Namibe conjugate margin system 78, 91–103 Angola-Congo margin 437–440, pair profiles 523, 524 442–443, 444 Sa˜o Francisco Craton 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 35 Campos Basin 523 aeromagnetic map 221, 223 Central South Atlantic 194, 195 crustal depth 218, 219 Espı´rito Santo Basin 523 deformation 221, 223 Santos Basin 523 geology 221, 222 sag interval, Central South Atlantic 194, 195 Sa˜o Francisco subplate 80 Salado subplate 80 rotation 83,84 rotation 81, 82 Sa˜o Jose´ domain 221, 223 Salado Transfer Zone 178 Sa˜o Mateus Unit 45 salt Sa˜o Paulo Plateau 132, 133, 147 Aptian crustal thickness 150 Almada Basin 217–218 DSDP Site 356 149 Angola-Congo margin 437–440, 442, 444 Sa˜o Paulo Plateau System see Santos Basin-Sa˜o Paulo Plateau Central South Atlantic 192–193, 196, 499, 505 System pre-salt stratigraphy 194–196 Sa˜o Paulo Ridge 93, 94 Red Sea 504, 506, 507–508, 509, 510 Sa˜o Sebastia˜o Island igneous intrusive complex 48 Santos Basin 509, 510, 516 geochronology 52 SSPS 93, 94, 95, 101, 102, 149, 153–156, 159 Save Limpopo Dyke Swarm 32, 33 Tupi oil well 187, 188, 189 Scatarie limestone (Abenaki 1) 326, 327, 356, 358 Gulf of Suez 507, 508 Scotian Basin 268, 355, 357 Morocco margin 270–271 comparison with Campos Basin 498, 500 Nova Scotia margin 268, 269, 290 geology 290 see also evaporites; sub-salt sag basins hydrocarbon systems 499–500 salt canopies, Moroccan margin 341, 343, 344, 346 Scotian Margin Salt Diapiric Province 268 bathymetry 293–294 salt diapirs crustal structure, and rifting 297–298 Morocco margin 341, 344, 350 density anomaly292–294, 295, 296, 297, 298 Red Sea 504, 507, 509 free-air gravity anomaly 293–294 Santos Basin-Sa˜o Paulo Plateau System 94, 95, 102, 149, 509 geological setting 268–269, 290–291 salt nappes, Moroccan margin 341, 350 gravity anomaly inversion 291–294 salt pillows 341, 344, 350 hinge line 268, 269, 272 Red Sea 504 Moho depth 294, 295–297 salt sheets, Moroccan margin 341, 343, 344, 345, 346, 350, 351 reconstruction 356 salt tectonics rifting style 297–299 Moroccan margin 340–351 SMART lines 290, 295, 296, 297, 298 evolution 348, 349–351 stratigraphy 357 subprovinces 341 volcanic to non-volcanic transition 289 Red Sea 504, 506, 507–508, 509, 510 see also Nova Scotia-Morocco conjugate margins salt tongues, Moroccan margin 341, 343, 344 Scotian Margin Regional Transects (SMART) 290, 295, 296, Saltpond Field 243 297, 298 Santa Ba´rbara Island 56 SE Brazil Dyke Swarm 12, 14, 16–21, 32 Santonian-Maastrichtian, sedimentation, West Africa-NE Brazil SE Brazilian margin 13, 15 margins 121–122 basement terranes 13 Santos Basin 132, 133 continent-ocean transition, seismic data 152–157 bathymetry 149 correlation with Namibe margin 251–255, 521–522 break-up centre 514–515, 516 current models 150–152 comparison with Red Sea 514–516 dyke swarms 12, 14, 16–21, 32 continent-ocean boundary 187 early studies 148–150 crust 147–162 magmatism free air gravity anomalies 150 alkaline 22, 42 geology 251, 253 post-break-up 47–54 oilfields 187, 188, 189, 250, 508 pre-break-up 15–16 palaeogeography 98–99 tholeiitic 42 salt tectonics 509, 510, 516 magnetic anomalies 21 sub-salt sag basin 508, 509, 510, 523 sedimentary passive margin 152 subsidence model 201, 209 volcanic passive margin 152 syn-rift extension 197, 198 sea-floor spreading Valanginian rifting 157, 159 Ghana Ridge 539 volcanic basement 21, 24, 514–516 Gulf of Aden 516 see also Santos Basin-Sa˜o Paulo Plateau System Newfoundland-Iberia rift 436 566 INDEX sea-floor spreading (Continued) serpentinization North Atlantic margins 501 Angola-Congo margin 442 Nova Scotia-Morocco conjugate margins 272–274 East Indian margin 492 Red Sea 513 magma-poor margins 408, 412, 418–419 Santos Basin 516 magnetic anomalies 448 South Atlantic 195–196, 199, 203–205, 207 Nova Scotia-Morocco conjugate margins 278–279, 283, 284 transition 393, 396–397 St Peter and St Paul Peridotite Ridge 66, 68 US central Atlantic margin 327 Southern Rift System 463 see also extension; spreading rate West Iberia-NewfoundlandMargin 420–422, 431, 432, 435 sea-level change Serra da Neve carbonatites 31, 33 Aptian salt deposition 192 Serra do Mar Dyke Swarm 12, 14, 16, 17–18, 20, 32–33, 35 Moroccan margin 340, 350 strike-slip component 36 US central Atlantic margin 327 Serra Geral Formation, tholeiitic magmatism 20, 24, Seamount ‘B’, dredge material 459, 460, 463, 465, 467 42, 70 seamounts 41–42, 54, 55–66 Serra Negra intrusion 53, 55, 56, 57 Bahia 224–225 Shark B-1 well 345 Rio Grande Rise 130, 131 shear, continental margins 151, 199, 405 Sumbe Volcanic Line 204, 206 shear zones, Gondwana 11 seaward-dipping reflectors (SDRs) 130 Sheba Ridge 507, 511, 516, 518, 520, 521, 523–524 Central Segment 79, 81 volcanism 523 East Indian margin 492 Shelburne sub-basin 268 Lu¨deritz Basin 255, 257 Shukra El Sheik Fracture Zone 511, 518 Nova Scotia-Morocco margin 269, 271, 273, 277 Sidetrack well 2815/15-01 258 Pelotas Basin 21, 24, 25 geochemistry 259, 261–264 South American margin 21, 24, 25,36 origin of oil 261, 263–264 South Segment 91, 149, 155, 157, 167, Sierra de la Ventana orogen 13, 15 171–173, 176–178 simple-shear 405 ‘G-magnetic anomaly’ 169–170, 176 Singhbhum Craton 478, 480 southern Africa 28–29 Skunk Hollow Member 306, 308 US central Atlantic margin 324, 326 Soarinho igneous intrusion 47 sedimentary basins magma evolution 48, 49, 51 Atlantic divergent margins 497, 498–528 Socotra Island 511, 512 formation 189 reconstruction 522 lacustrine and saline conditions rifting 517–518, 521 and petroleum systems 249–250 Somalian Plate 518 Kudu Field 256, 258–259 break-up from Arabian Plate 503, 518, 522, 523–524, 525 sedimentary passive margin, SE Brazilian margin 152 Sorell Basin margin 455 sedimentation Souss Basin 342 Central South Atlantic 189, 192 salt tectonics 341 Newark Rift Basin 303–304, 307 South America Plate 80 sequential faulting model 418 deformation 83,84 West Africa-NE Brazil margins 109–126 South America-West Africa Plate reconstruction 227, 228 Eocene and Paleocene 120–121 South Atlantic Late Cretaceous 121–122 Central Segment 92, 167, 168, 189 Miocene 117, 118–119 Aptian Salt 192–193, 196, 505 offshore indicators 111–116 break-up 196 Oligocene 119–120 crustal thinning 76 onshore indicators 109–111 pre-salt stratigraphy and structure 194–196, 207 Plio-Pleistocene 116, 117–118 reconstruction 77, 78, 79–86, 92, 97, 191 rate estimation 111–116 rifting 189, 190, 195–196 Seine Abyssal Plain 270 Parana´ mantle plume 199–206, 207, 209 seismic imaging subsidence modelling 200, 201, 208–209 Almada Basin 216, 225, 226, 227, 229 syn-rift extension 196–199, 208 Angola-Congo margin 438, 439, 440, 442–443 comparison with North Atlantic margins 498–501, 506 East Indian margin 376–377, 379, 482, 490 conjugate divergent margin 13, 148, 215, 216 Gabon 376–377, 379, 380, 383, 387, 392 pair profiles 523 Galicia Interior Basin 409, 410, 411 reconstruction 34 Iberia Abyssal Plain 431, 432 Equatorial Segment 167, 168, 537–539, 540 Newark Rift Basin 305, 307 development 537–539, 540 SE Brazilian margin 152–157 fracture zones 539, 540, 541 line 150155, 157, 158 pull-apart basin extension 385 line 375153, 154 strike-slip fault zones 537–554 line 600153, 155 Falkland Segment 167, 168 South Atlantic volcanic margin 172–176 opening 42–43, 45, 99, 102, 103, 167, Southern Rift System 455–459, 460–467 177–180, 186 West Iberia-Newfoundland conjugate margin 406, 411, plate motion relative to mantle plume 203–205, 209 412, 413, 431, 434, 435 plate reconstruction 168, 170, 191, 198–199, 209 sequential faulting model 411–418 post-break-up magmatism 41–71 extension paradox 418 pre-rift tectonic scenario 11–36, 34 Sergi Formation 217 rifting 34–36, 45, 178–180, 189, 190, 195–196 Sergipe Basin, Bahia Seamounts 224–225 influence of Parana´ mantle plume 202, 203 Sergipe-North Gabon margin 82 salt tectonics 510 INDEX 567

Santos-Sa˜o Paulo System 91–103 sub-continental lithospheric mantle (SCLM), RGR-WR sea-floor spreading 195–196, 199, 203–205, 207 129, 134, 141–143 sediment supply 109–126 sub-salt sag basin sedimentary basins 497, 498–528 Angola-Congo margin 437–440, 442–443, 444 and petroleum systems 249–250 Campos Basin 498–499, 500, 523 segmentation 167, 168 Espı´rito Santo Basin 523 South Segment 77, 78, 167, 168 Santos Basin 508, 509, 510, 523 continent-ocean transition 176–177 subsidence break-up 177–180, 522–523 modelling 200, 201, 208–209 total rift evolution 178–180 Parana´ mantle plume 200, 201, 203, 209 crustal architecture 170–176 Sudan Rifts, compression 81, 84, 86 flood basalts 177–178, 179, 180 Sudan-Arabia conjugate margin 513 large marginal anomaly80, 84, 170, 176, 178 Sudeste Island 66 rift basins 521 Suite Intrusiva Itabuna 221 break-up 202, 521–523 Sumbe Volcanic Line 31, 204, 206 volcanic margins 169–181 supercontinents, and mantle global warming 323–324 South Florida Basin 331 SW African margin, magmatism 12, 13, 24–34 South Gabon Basin 227–230 Sydney Basin 268, 269 basement fabrics 229, 230 syenite, Poc¸os de Caldas-Cabo Frio lineament 48, 51, 58 comparison with Almada Basin 229–230 symmetry 170, 408 deformation 228 variable, Southern Rift System 460–472 Moho and crustal depth 229 see also asymmetry stratigraphy 217, 228–229 syn-rift sedimentation 170–171, 189, 386 South Kwanza Basin 191 Central South Atlantic 194–195 pre-salt oil 189 extension 196–199 pre-salt stratigraphy 194 Newark Rift Basin 303–304, 307, 309–312, 314, 316 pre-stack depth migration 193 US Central Atlantic margin 326 South Tano Field 242, 243–244 South Tano nose 242, 243 Tafelney Plateau 270, 271, 274, 275, 290, 298 South Tasman Rise 454, 455 salt tectonics 341, 344, 348, 349 Southeast Indian spreading ridge 455, 456, 457 seismic transect 340 Southern Cross Lineament61 Taipus Mirim Formation 217, 229 Southern Granulitic Terrain 478, 480 Tan Tan fan delta 269, 339, 340, 350 Southern Oman margin 517–518, 521 Tangua´ igneous intrusion 47, 48, 49 Southern Rift System 454–472 geochronology 52 continent-ocean boundary 460, 461, 463, 464, 468, 471 magma evolution 49, 51, 54 continent-ocean transition 455, 457, 463, 464, 468 Tano Basin 238 evolution 454–455, 458 depocentres 239, 240, 241, 243, 244 mantle exhumation 463, 465, 467, 469–470 hydrocarbon play elements 243, 244–245 Moho elevation 469–470 petroleum exploration 243–248 seismic imaging 455–459, 460–467 petroleum geology 243 separation 467, 470–471 structure and stratigraphy 239–242 symmetry/asymmetry 460–472 see also Jubilee Oil Field; Mahogany 1 Well thinning 467, 469 Tapira intrusion 53, 55 Southern Segment see South Atlantic, South Segment Tarfaya Basin 269–270, 338 Spencer Fracture Zone 463 heavy oil discovery 337 spreading rate salt tectonics 341 and continental break-up 374, 375, 390–391, 394–396 Taubate´ Basin 148, 149 East Coast India 375 Taylorsville Basin 302, 309, 316 fast 373–374 temperature, non-volcanic margins 408 magma-poor margins 408 Terre Ade´lie margin 455, 456, 458–459, 460, 461 slow 373, 408 continent-ocean boundary 463 see also extension Seamount ‘B’, dredge material 459, 460, 463, 465, 467 Sri Lanka, rifting 375 symmetry 467 St Helena Chain 65, 71 thinning see crustal thinning St Helena hot-spot 54, 65, 71, 141 tholeiite see basalt, high-Ti; basalt, low-Ti St Helena Island 65 Tingua´ igneous intrusion 47, 48, 49 St Paul Fracture Zone 67, 236, 244, 540, 541, 542 Tohickon Member 306, 308 St Peter and St Paul Islets, abyssal mantle exposure Towaco Formation 303, 304, 306, 314 66–69 Transbrasiliano lineament 83,84 St Peter and St Paul Peridotite Ridge 66, 67, 68, 69 transform faults sterane biomarkers 259, 261, 263 Equatorial Atlantic 539 Kudu hydrocarbons 256, 262 leaky, Vito´ria-Trinidade seamount chain 56 Stockton Formation 303, 304, 306, 307, 315 transgression, US central Atlantic margin 326 thickening 309, 317 transitional lithosphere Stone Dome 326 magma-poor margins 429–449 Straumsvola dyke swarm 24 Angola-Congo continental margin 436–443 stretching, continental crust 151 emplacement model 444–446 strike-slip faults geodynamic province 446 Central African Shear Zone 79,82 Goban Spur margin 436, 437 Equatorial Atlantic 537–554 magnetic anomalies 448 Parana´ Basin 83 Newfoundland-Iberia rift 430–436 568 INDEX transverse discontinuities, Gondwana break-up 11, 13 Rio Grande Rise-Walvis Ridge 131, 132–133, 141 Triassic-Jurassic Rift Basin play 329, 331 syn-rift, Moroccan margin 347–349, 350 Trinidade Island 55, 57–58 mantle plume 53, 54, 231 Walvis Basin 132, 133 volcanics 141 gravity modelling 172–173 triple junctions volcanic wedge 29, 30 Pan African 13 see also Pelotas-Walvis conjugate margin system South Atlantic 12, 32, 34–36 Walvis hot-spot 65 see also Afar triple junction; Cruzeiro do Sul Walvis Ridge 64–65, 71, 95, 132–133 Lineament common origin with Rio Grande Rise 64–65, 71, Trista˜o da Cunha Archipelago 65, 71 129–143, 523 Trista˜o da Cunha Island 64, 65, 71, 132 see also Rio Grande Rise-Walvis Ridge hot spot 26, 36, 53, 54, 65, 141, 231 Walvis-Namibe Basin 95 mantle plume 134–135, 142 well 1-ESS-130-ES cracked source 258 volcanics 133, 134, 141, 180 well 2815/15-01 258 Tucano subplate 80 geochemistry 259, 261–264 rotation 83,84 origin of oil 261, 263–264 Tupi Field 251, 253, 508 West Africa, deep-water hydrocarbon exploration 235–236 oil biomarkers 263 West Africa Craton 13 Tupi oil well 187, 188, 189 West Africa Plate see South America-West Africa Plate turbidite reservoirs reconstruction West Africa-NE Brazil margins 118–122, 123 West Africa Subplate 77, 80,82 petroleum system prediction 123, 124, 125 West Africa-NE Brazil margins sedimentation 109–126 unconformity rate estimation 111–116 Barremian, post-rift 195 West African Coast Magnetic Anomaly (WACMA) 267, Burdigalian 118–119 271, 272, 274 Nova Scotia-Morocco conjugate margins 267 West African transform margin Oligocene 119 faults 236, 237 US central Atlantic margin 326 Late Cretaceous deep-water exploration 235–236, 237 underplating 130, 133, 187, 203, 229 tectonic evolution 237–239 uplift continent-ocean flexural 547 transition 238–239 Parana´ mantle plume 200, 203, 207 deformation and rifting 238 thermal 545–546 passive margin subsidence 239 West Africa-NE Brazil margins 109, 110, 111 tectonics and stratigraphy 236–237 and sedimentation 115, 116, 117–126 West Congo orogen 13 US central Atlantic margin West Congolian Belt 228 carbonates 327 West Iberia-Newfoundland conjugate margin depocentres 325, 327 152, 404, 405 evaporites 326–327 comparison with Campos-Kwanza margin 506 evolution 323–325 continent-ocean transition exploration effect of mantle properties 420–425 BOEM assessment 328–333 mantle exhumation 418–420 history 328 crustal architecture 504–505, 521 hydrocarbon plays 323, 329–333 evolution 431, 433, 436 modelling 328–329 exhumed mantle, transitional lithosphere magmatism 324–325 430–436 opening 324 exhumed mantle peridotite 431 SDRs 324, 326 hyperextension, sequential faulting model stratigraphy 326–327 411–418 syn-rift sediments 326 low-angle detachments 405, 406 reconstruction 430 Verrill Canyon Formation 326, 327 seismic imaging 406, 411, 412, 413 Vito´ria-Colatina Dyke Swarm 12, 14, 16–17, 18, 19, 35 sequential faulting model, sedimentation 418 strike-slip component 36 tectonic development 499 Vito´ria-Trinidade seamount chain 55–61, 71 see also Iberia margin; Newfoundland margin bathymetry 59 West Tano Field 242 correlation Poc¸os de Caldas-Cabo Frio Lineament 58, 60 Western Approaches Margin 436, 437 geochronology 56 Western Rio Grande Rise 130, 131 magma source 56 Western Walvis Ridge 132 vitrinite reflectance, Newark Rift Basin 309–311 Wilkes Land 454, 455, 463, 465 volcanic passive margins continent-ocean transition 466 SE Brazilian margin 152 margin symmetry 467, 469 South Atlantic, South Segment 169–181 Williams Ridge 454, 455 see also marginal volcanic complex; outer volcanic high wounds 381–382 volcanism behaviour during break-up focusing Almada Basin230 384–387, 389 Gulf of Aden 511 Wyandot Formation 326, 327 Nova Scotia-Morocco conjugate margins 267, 268, 277, 281, 282 Zabargad Island 504 Red Sea 509, 510 zigzags, dykes 36