DOCSLIB.ORG

Le Pen and the FN: an Analysis of France's Changing Populism by Marlene Kathryn Lee Pierce B.A., Northwest University, 2016

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Le Pen and the FN: an Analysis of France's Changing Populism by Marlene Kathryn Lee Pierce B.A., Northwest University, 2016 Le Pen and the FN: An analysis of France’s changing populism By Marlene Kathryn Lee Pierce B.A., Northwest University, 2016 A THESIS submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF ARTS Department of Communication Studies College of Arts and Sciences KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 2019 Approved by: Major Professor Heather Woods Copyright © Marlene Pierce 2019. Abstract After her defeat in 2016 French presidential election, Marine Le Pen would not back down from the political spotlight. Instead, Le Pen would utilize the momentum she gained during the election to solidify herself as a formidable political figure and take her party to the next level. Nearly a year after her defeat she would give a speech in Lyon, France that establishes her place in the political milieu by rebranding her party from the Front National to Rassemblement National, or translated, National Rally. This thesis examines Marine Le Pen’s Lyonnaise address. Using a mixed method of Leff’s rhetorical reading, ideological criticism, and elements of visual and presidential rhetorical methods, this thesis examines two main themes in Le Pen’s Lyonnaise address: 1) a shift in focus from Jean-Marie to Marine Le Pen utilizing the persona of each and 2) an internationalizing of the previously nationalistic Front National. This analysis thus offers a detailed depiction of how populism is defined and redefined. As well, it clarifies the contours of populism encapsulated by the FN the thesis then looks at the history of the FN party in context of how the persona of its leaders shaped the party’s advocacy. Finally, the last thing that is examined is the ways in which this speech indicates an internationalizing FN and then the thesis offers broader implications and conclusions. This work offers important insight to how populist parties, which are notoriously volatile in their support, can stabilize and grow. It also highlights an increasing shift in isolated populist groups shifting their scope and operating on an international level. This research can add to existing literature and offer a unique look into a previously untranslated artifact. KEY WORDS: Populism, Marine Le Pen, Transnational Populism, Persona, Rhetorical Reading Table of Contents List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ vi Acknowledgments......................................................................................................................... vii Dedication ...................................................................................................................................... ix Chapter 1 - Introduction and Method.............................................................................................. 1 Artifact ........................................................................................................................................ 5 Research Approach ................................................................................................................... 11 Method .................................................................................................................................. 12 Research Questions ............................................................................................................... 22 Chapter 2 - Literature Review ....................................................................................................... 26 Populism: What It is and Where It Comes From ...................................................................... 26 Subcategories of Populism ........................................................................................................ 31 The Front National .................................................................................................................... 38 The FNs Populist History ...................................................................................................... 41 Chapter 3 - Le Pens Influence ....................................................................................................... 45 The FNs Relationship to the Le Pens........................................................................................ 46 Jean-Marie’s Legacy ............................................................................................................. 47 Marine in Modern Times ...................................................................................................... 52 A New Era ................................................................................................................................ 56 Le Pen’s White Legacy ............................................................................................................. 58 Lyonnaise address as reifying a specific brand of Whiteness ............................................... 61 Chapter 4 - An Internationalizing FN ........................................................................................... 66 Intro ........................................................................................................................................... 66 Context: Starting with a Bannon ........................................................................................... 68 Nationalism to Transnationalism .............................................................................................. 73 Internationalizing Devices at Play ........................................................................................ 77 An Ode to Other Countries ............................................................................................... 78 A Word On the Logo ........................................................................................................ 85 Whiteness as a unifier ....................................................................................................... 90 France’s Historic Ties to Racialized Politics ................................................................ 92 iv Chapter 5 - Conclusions ................................................................................................................ 97 The Journey to International ..................................................................................................... 98 Implications ............................................................................................................................ 108 Real World Changes ........................................................................................................... 108 Contributions and Importance ................................................................................................ 112 Limitations .............................................................................................................................. 115 Further Study .......................................................................................................................... 117 Final Conclusions ................................................................................................................... 119 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................... 120 Appendix A - French Speech Transcription ............................................................................... 150 Appendix B - English Speech Translation .................................................................................. 157 v List of Figures Figure 4-1 The Front National Logo ............................................................................................. 86 Figure 4-2 The Rassemblement National's Logo .......................................................................... 87 Figure 4-3 The European Union Flag ........................................................................................... 88 vi Acknowledgments This thesis is a culmination of countless hours of work and over nineteen years of schooling. Throughout the years I’ve been blessed with mentors and professors who helped cultivate my talents and research interests. Jacob Witt, Colene Lind, Lenae Nofziger, Jeremiah Webster, and my committee, thank you for the support in the education process that led me to this moment. Without taking your classes I would not have continued through this process to the completion of my MA. They say it takes a village and you are mine in Academia. I’d like to specifically thank my advisor and committee for their input and guidance in this process as well. My advisor and committee chair, Heather Woods, went above and beyond in every stage of this process. Throughout this process Dr. Woods and I spent many meetings in her office working on completing this document. It would not be the high-quality caliber of research that it is today without her pushing me to be my best. My committee members, Alexander McVey and Nathaniel Birkhead, went above and beyond in their willingness to workshop chapters with me. All three of these individuals were compassionate and understanding as unforeseen medical and family issues delayed the creation and defense of this work. Additionally, I’d like to thank Raphaël Pinson, who helped me translate or confirm some of the more difficult sections of the speech. To my family, I can’t express enough how much your understanding and grace throughout this process was essential in finishing this thesis. I love
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Romanian Political Science Review Vol. XXI, No. 1 2021
    Romanian Political Science Review vol. XXI, no. 1 2021 The end of the Cold War, and the extinction of communism both as an ideology and a practice of government, not only have made possible an unparalleled experiment in building a democratic order in Central and Eastern Europe, but have opened up a most extraordinary intellectual opportunity: to understand, compare and eventually appraise what had previously been neither understandable nor comparable. Studia Politica. Romanian Political Science Review was established in the realization that the problems and concerns of both new and old democracies are beginning to converge. The journal fosters the work of the first generations of Romanian political scientists permeated by a sense of critical engagement with European and American intellectual and political traditions that inspired and explained the modern notions of democracy, pluralism, political liberty, individual freedom, and civil rights. Believing that ideas do matter, the Editors share a common commitment as intellectuals and scholars to try to shed light on the major political problems facing Romania, a country that has recently undergone unprecedented political and social changes. They think of Studia Politica. Romanian Political Science Review as a challenge and a mandate to be involved in scholarly issues of fundamental importance, related not only to the democratization of Romanian polity and politics, to the “great transformation” that is taking place in Central and Eastern Europe, but also to the make-over of the assumptions and prospects of their discipline. They hope to be joined in by those scholars in other countries who feel that the demise of communism calls for a new political science able to reassess the very foundations of democratic ideals and procedures.
    [Show full text]
  • John Adams, Alexander Hamilton, and the Quasi-War with France
    John Adams, Alexander Hamilton, and the Quasi-War with France David Loudon General University Honors Professor Robert Griffith, Faculty Advisor American University, Spring 2010 1 John Adams, Alexander Hamilton, and the Quasi-War with France Abstract This paper examines the split of the Federalist Party and subsequent election defeat in 1800 through the views of John Adams and Alexander Hamilton on the Quasi-War with France. More specifically, I will be focusing on what caused their split on the French issue. I argue that the main source of conflict between the two men was ideological differences on parties in contemporary American politics. While Adams believed that there were two parties in America and his job was to remain independent of both, Hamilton saw only one party (the Republicans), and believed that it was the goal of all “real” Americans to do whatever was needed to defeat that faction. This ideological difference between the two men resulted in their personal disdain for one another and eventually their split on the French issue. Introduction National politics in the early American republic was a very uncertain venture. The founding fathers had no historical precedents to rely upon. The kind of government created in the American constitution had never been attempted in the Western World; it was a piecemeal system designed in many ways more to gain individual state approval than for practical implementation. Furthermore, while the fathers knew they wanted opposition within their political system, they rejected political parties as evil and dangerous to the public good. This tension between the belief in opposition and the rejection of party sentiment led to confusion and high tensions during the early American republic.
    [Show full text]
  • Polish Views of the EU: the Illusion of Consensus
    Warsaw, January 2017 Polish views of the EU: the illusion of consensus Adam Balcer — WiseEuropa Piotr Buras — European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR) Grzegorz Gromadzki — Stefan Batory Foundation Eugeniusz Smolar — Centre for International Relations There was a time when foreign policy was seen as the exclusive domain of the elite. At present, though, it is becoming increasingly difficult to take action in this area without the broader participa- tion and support of public opinion. Proof of this is found first of all in the fact that the decades-long consensus facilitating further EU integration is drawing to a close. This is being caused by various factors: the partial dysfunction of European structures (e.g. the euro crisis or the migration crisis); the EU’s decreasing ability of providing safety and prosperity for its citizens; and also because the EU has been encroaching on the competences of member states. “More integration” is no longer an obvious option; it needs to be justified and negotiated with citizens. Secondly, international policy is increasingly becoming a factor in domestic policy, not only due to European integration, but also due to continuous media coverage and the perception that citizens have that global economic process- es (the delocalisation of industries) and demographic processes (migration) influence their everyday lives. Thirdly, in connection with the crisis of trust towards representative institutions and the political establishment, appeals to forms of direct democracy are on the rise. This has been observed recently Stefan Batory Foundation in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Hungary. “Referendocracy” has begun also to encroach on the foreign policy arena.1 There is particular justification in Poland in asking the question as to what degree current foreign poli- cy is aligned with the views of citizens.
    [Show full text]
  • Protest and State–Society Relations in the Middle East and North Africa
    SIPRI Policy Paper PROTEST AND STATE– 56 SOCIETY RELATIONS IN October 2020 THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA dylan o’driscoll, amal bourhrous, meray maddah and shivan fazil STOCKHOLM INTERNATIONAL PEACE RESEARCH INSTITUTE SIPRI is an independent international institute dedicated to research into conflict, armaments, arms control and disarmament. Established in 1966, SIPRI provides data, analysis and recommendations, based on open sources, to policymakers, researchers, media and the interested public. The Governing Board is not responsible for the views expressed in the publications of the Institute. GOVERNING BOARD Ambassador Jan Eliasson, Chair (Sweden) Dr Vladimir Baranovsky (Russia) Espen Barth Eide (Norway) Jean-Marie Guéhenno (France) Dr Radha Kumar (India) Ambassador Ramtane Lamamra (Algeria) Dr Patricia Lewis (Ireland/United Kingdom) Dr Jessica Tuchman Mathews (United States) DIRECTOR Dan Smith (United Kingdom) Signalistgatan 9 SE-169 72 Solna, Sweden Telephone: + 46 8 655 9700 Email: [email protected] Internet: www.sipri.org Protest and State– Society Relations in the Middle East and North Africa SIPRI Policy Paper No. 56 dylan o’driscoll, amal bourhrous, meray maddah and shivan fazil October 2020 © SIPRI 2020 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of SIPRI or as expressly permitted by law. Contents Preface v Acknowledgements vi Summary vii Abbreviations ix 1. Introduction 1 Figure 1.1. Classification of countries in the Middle East and North Africa by 2 protest intensity 2. State–society relations in the Middle East and North Africa 5 Mass protests 5 Sporadic protests 16 Scarce protests 31 Highly suppressed protests 37 Figure 2.1.
    [Show full text]
  • 2021 SCCA Roadrally Rules
    Rule Book 2021 Edition SCCA® Rally Department 6620 SE Dwight Dr. Topeka, KS 66619 www.scca.com Copyright 2021 by the Sports Car Club of America, Inc. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior permission of the publisher. Updated January 1, 2021 Published by: Sports Car Club of America, Inc. 6620 SE Dwight Dr. Topeka, KS 66619 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS WELCOMING ENVIRONMENT STATEMENT 8 FOREWORD 10 ARTICLE 1 OFFICIALS 11 A) SCCA RoadRally Board (RRB) 11 B) SCCA Rally Department 11 C) Delegation of Powers 11 ARTICLE 2 RoadRally RULES AND RULES FOR ORGANIZERS 12 A) National RoadRally Rules 12 B) Rules for Organizers 12 C) Revision of RRRs and RFOs 12 D) RoadRally Rules applicable to different levels of events 12 E) Safety Pre-check 12 ARTICLE 3 ACCEPTANCE OF RRRs AND RFOs 13 A) By the Rally Committee 13 B) By the Contestant 13 ARTICLE 4 SCCA-SANCTION 13 A) Definition of an SCCA RoadRally 13 B) Duration 13 C) Application for Sanction 14 ARTICLE 5 ANNOUNCEMENT TO MEMBERSHIP 15 A) General Announcement 15 B) Special Announcements 15 C) Announcement of Accommodations and Meals 15 ARTICLE 6 OFFICIAL OBSERVER 15 A) Designation and Eligibility of Observer 15 B) Duties of the Observer 15 ARTICLE 7 RALLY AWARDS 16 A) Class Trophies 16 B) Supplementary Trophies 16 ARTICLE 8 ANNUAL RoadRally CHAMPIONSHIP
    [Show full text]
  • European Parliament Elections 2019 - Forecast
    Briefing May 2019 European Parliament Elections 2019 - Forecast Austria – 18 MEPs Staff lead: Nick Dornheim PARTIES (EP group) Freedom Party of Austria The Greens – The Green Austrian People’s Party (ÖVP) (EPP) Social Democratic Party of Austria NEOS – The New (FPÖ) (Salvini’s Alliance) – Alternative (Greens/EFA) – 6 seats (SPÖ) (S&D) - 5 seats Austria (ALDE) 1 seat 5 seats 1 seat 1. Othmar Karas* Andreas Schieder Harald Vilimsky* Werner Kogler Claudia Gamon 2. Karoline Edtstadler Evelyn Regner* Georg Mayer* Sarah Wiener Karin Feldinger 3. Angelika Winzig Günther Sidl Petra Steger Monika Vana* Stefan Windberger 4. Simone Schmiedtbauer Bettina Vollath Roman Haider Thomas Waitz* Stefan Zotti 5. Lukas Mandl* Hannes Heide Vesna Schuster Olga Voglauer Nini Tsiklauri 6. Wolfram Pirchner Julia Elisabeth Herr Elisabeth Dieringer-Granza Thomas Schobesberger Johannes Margreiter 7. Christian Sagartz Christian Alexander Dax Josef Graf Teresa Reiter 8. Barbara Thaler Stefanie Mösl Maximilian Kurz Isak Schneider 9. Christian Zoll Luca Peter Marco Kaiser Andrea Kerbleder Peter Berry 10. Claudia Wolf-Schöffmann Theresa Muigg Karin Berger Julia Reichenhauser NB 1: Only the parties reaching the 4% electoral threshold are mentioned in the table. Likely to be elected Unlikely to be elected or *: Incumbent Member of the NB 2: 18 seats are allocated to Austria, same as in the previous election. and/or take seat to take seat, if elected European Parliament ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• www.eurocommerce.eu Belgium – 21 MEPs Staff lead: Stefania Moise PARTIES (EP group) DUTCH SPEAKING CONSITUENCY FRENCH SPEAKING CONSITUENCY GERMAN SPEAKING CONSTITUENCY 1. Geert Bourgeois 1. Paul Magnette 1. Pascal Arimont* 2. Assita Kanko 2. Maria Arena* 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Identit〠E Democrazia
    Identità e Democrazia Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera. Identità e Democrazia (in inglese: Identity and Identità e Democrazia Democracy, ID) è un gruppo politico del Parlamento Europeo di destra, fondato nel 2019 dopo le elezioni (EN) Identity and Democracy europee del 2019. Il gruppo è il successore del gruppo Presidente Marco Zanni fondato nel 2015 Europa delle Nazioni e della Libertà. (Lega) Vicepresidente Nicolas Bay (RN) Jörg Meuthen Indice (AfD) Storia Stato Unione Obiettivi politici europea Composizione Abbreviazione ID Note Fondazione 13 giugno 2019 Voci correlate Ideologia Nazionalismo Conservatorismo Storia nazionale Populismo di Il 12 giugno 2019 è stato annunciato che il gruppo destra successore a Europa delle Nazioni e delle Libertà si Identitarismo sarebbe chiamato "Identità e Democrazia" e avrebbe Sovranismo incluso partiti come la Lega Nord (Italia), Anti-immigrazione Raggruppamento Nazionale (Francia) e Alternativa per la Collocazione Destra [1] Germania (Germania)[2]. Il leghista Marco Zanni è stato Partito europeo AEPN nominato Presidente[3]. Il 13 giugno 2019 il gruppo, composto da 73 europarlamentari, è stato lanciato a Seggi 73 / 751 Bruxelles da Marine Le Pen[4]. Europarlamento Obiettivi politici I principali obiettivi politici del gruppo sono bloccare una maggiore integrazione europea ed ottenere maggiore autonomia nelle politiche di spesa, ovvero la possibilità di fare maggiore deficit e debito senza incorrere in penalità da parte della Commissione Europea.[5] Composizione Identità e Democrazia è formato da
    [Show full text]
  • Electoral Performance and Policy Choices in the Front National
    Electoral Performance and Policy Choices in the Front National James Shields* School of Languages and Social Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK *Correspondence: [email protected] This article proposes a two-level analysis of the Front National (FN) in the 2017 French presidential and parliamentary elections. The first level focuses on the electoral performances of Marine Le Pen and the FN and analyses both elections in terms of gains and losses at the polls. The second level considers FN policy and argues that the party went into these elections with a programme targeting both left-leaning and right-leaning voters, attempting a policy synthesis that partly fitted and partly subverted Kirchheimer’s paradigm of the ‘catch-all’ party. Both levels of analysis link to a number of strategic considerations prompting debate within the party over the direction to take in order to improve its future electoral prospects. 1. Far-right populism, the Front National and the electoral context of 2017 The literature on radical right-wing populism has tended to treat the French Front National (FN) as a test case in the making (Camus and Lebourg 2017; Mudde 2017; Akkerman, de Lange and Rooduijn 2016; Benveniste 2016; Judis 2016; Beauzamy 2013; Reynié 2011). As Europe’s premier far-right populist party, the FN has plotted a gradual upward course in both elections and opinion polls since its initial breakthrough in the mid-1980s. While other far-right parties have either perished or been drawn into collusion with mainstream parties (de Lange 2012), the FN has sustained its solitary advance, making a virtue of its outsider status (Perrineau 2014).
    [Show full text]
  • MEDIA POLARIZATION “À LA FRANÇAISE”? Comparing the French and American Ecosystems
    institut montaigne MEDIA POLARIZATION “À LA FRANÇAISE”? Comparing the French and American Ecosystems REPORT MAY 2019 MEDIA POLARIZATION “À LA FRANÇAISE” MEDIA POLARIZATION There is no desire more natural than the desire for knowledge MEDIA POLARIZATION “À LA FRANÇAISE”? Comparing the French and American Ecosystems MAY 2019 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In France, representative democracy is experiencing a growing mistrust that also affects the media. The latter are facing major simultaneous challenges: • a disruption of their business model in the digital age; • a dependence on social networks and search engines to gain visibility; • increased competition due to the convergence of content on digital media (competition between text, video and audio on the Internet); • increased competition due to the emergence of actors exercising their influence independently from the media (politicians, bloggers, comedians, etc.). In the United States, these developments have contributed to the polarization of the public square, characterized by the radicalization of the conservative press, with significant impact on electoral processes. Institut Montaigne investigated whether a similar phenomenon was at work in France. To this end, it led an in-depth study in partnership with the Sciences Po Médialab, the Sciences Po School of Journalism as well as the MIT Center for Civic Media. It also benefited from data collected and analyzed by the Pew Research Center*, in their report “News Media Attitudes in France”. Going beyond “fake news” 1 The changes affecting the media space are often reduced to the study of their most visible symp- toms. For instance, the concept of “fake news”, which has been amply commented on, falls short of encompassing the complexity of the transformations at work.
    [Show full text]
  • Country Report: France
    Country Report: France 2020 Update 2020 Update Acknowledgements & Methodology The 2020 update of this report was written by Laurent Delbos and Claire Tripier at Forum réfugiés – Cosi and edited by ECRE. Forum réfugiés-Cosi wishes to thank all those individuals and organisations who shared their expertise to contribute or check the information gathered during the research. Particular thanks are owed to many Forum réfugiés-Cosi colleagues who have shared their practical experience on the right of asylum in France – which have been key to feed concrete reality-checks and observations into this report; to the two lawyers who have taken the time to share their views on the French system; to the staff of France terre d’asile, the Anafé and the UNHCR Paris office for their expert and constructive feedback provided for the initial report and finally to ECRE for its support throughout the drafting process. Forum réfugiés- Cosi would also like to thank the European Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund (AMIF) for co-financing its awareness-raising missions which allowed us to provide additional time to research and draft this report. The findings presented in this report stem from background desk research, interviews with field practitioners and lawyers, as well as feedback from French NGOs and the Paris-based UNHCR office and finally statistics shared by the French authorities. Caveat: In France, asylum policies – including reception procedures – are largely under prefectural execution. This review of practice is mostly based on observations in the departments of Ile de France, Rhône, Puy-de-Dôme, Haute- Garonne and Alpes-Maritimes. However, the conclusions presented in this report on the concrete implementation of asylum policies have been cross-checked and triangulated with observations of these practices in other regions and are supported by findings presented in other reports – be they official or drafted by civil society organisations.
    [Show full text]
  • Put at the Test in the Terrorist Threat Era
    Eötvös Loránd University A.Y. 2017/2018 THE “HOMELAND OF HUMAN RIGHTS” PUT AT THE TEST IN THE TERRORIST THREAT ERA France, collective memory and counterterrorism Author: Mathilde Bénard Director: Orsolya Salát 1 I would like to thank Orsolya Salát, my research director, for her advice and confidence throughout the semester, The EMA programme, which has truly been a unique, rich and pushing experience, intellectually and humanly ; The EMA staff, who made it possible by always staying supportive and demanding with the 90 of us, All those with whom I shared this year, Laura and Kristina, my Foscarini fellows and the best partners I could have thought of to begin this new experience with ; Victoria and Eva, for the discussions, exchanges, doubts, but most of all the laughs we shared in this now city of ours, Finally, my family, Agnès and Cécile, of course, And my parents, who supported and trusted in me, as they always do... merci. 2 ABTRACT The impact and instrumentalization of collective memory has been broadly addressed in nationalist/ authoritarian contexts, albeit very much less in democratic ones. France's national identity has been very much constructed on its rich History, and still upholds today –to the world but most of all for its citizens– an image of “Homeland of Human rights” rooted on the 1789 French Revolution. The thesis questions this image as to its origins, validity and perpetration through the years. In the light of this idealized national image, it then addresses the current counterterrorism measures adopted by the French State since 2015 Charlie Hebdo dreadful attacks.
    [Show full text]
  • Debout La France !
    DEBOUT LA FRANCE ! Le projet de Nicolas Dupont-Aignan pour l’élection présidentielle 2017 1 LE PROJET PRESIDENTIEL DE NICOLAS DUPONT-AIGNAN La France mérite qu’on se batte pour elle. Je veux la sauver avec un projet présidentiel à la fois ambitieux, concret et solide, fruit de milliers de rencontres avec les Français et de centaines d’heures de travail avec des acteurs de terrain et des experts reconnus. Pour le porter, je suis entouré d’une équipe d’hommes et de femmes honnêtes, compétents, gaullistes et patriotes. Je suis candidat à la présidence de la République car je sais qu’une autre politique est possible. Je suis le candidat qui veut rendre le pouvoir aux Français. Je suis le candidat de l’ordre, indispensable pour vivre ensemble. Je suis le candidat du travail, du mérite et de la relance économique. Je suis le candidat de la justice sociale pour rassembler les Français. Oui, je veux une France à nouveau debout, capable de défendre ses intérêts, d’affirmer ses valeurs, de retrouver sa cohésion et sa place dans le monde. Nicolas DUPONT-AIGNAN Député-Maire d’Yerres (91) Président de Debout la France Candidat à la présidence de la République 2 MORALISER ET REFONDER LE SYSTEME POLITIQUE ........................................................................ 14 LE CONSTAT ...................................................................................................................................... 14 NOS MESURES ................................................................................................................................... 14 A. MORALISER LA VIE PUBLIQUE ................................................................................................................ 14 B. REDUIRE LE TRAIN DE VIE DE LA CLASSE POLITIQUE AVEC UN PARLEMENT PLUS RAMASSE ET PLUS EFFICACE ......... 15 C. REMETTRE LE CITOYEN AU CENTRE DU JEU DEMOCRATIQUE ET REVENIR A L’ESSENCE DE LA VE REPUBLIQUE ........ 15 EUROPE : REMPLACER L’UNION EUROPEENNE PAR UNE COMMUNAUTE DES ETATS EUROPEENS .
    [Show full text]