The Closing of the Radical Right Gender Gap in France?
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MEDIA POLARIZATION “À LA FRANÇAISE”? Comparing the French and American Ecosystems
institut montaigne MEDIA POLARIZATION “À LA FRANÇAISE”? Comparing the French and American Ecosystems REPORT MAY 2019 MEDIA POLARIZATION “À LA FRANÇAISE” MEDIA POLARIZATION There is no desire more natural than the desire for knowledge MEDIA POLARIZATION “À LA FRANÇAISE”? Comparing the French and American Ecosystems MAY 2019 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In France, representative democracy is experiencing a growing mistrust that also affects the media. The latter are facing major simultaneous challenges: • a disruption of their business model in the digital age; • a dependence on social networks and search engines to gain visibility; • increased competition due to the convergence of content on digital media (competition between text, video and audio on the Internet); • increased competition due to the emergence of actors exercising their influence independently from the media (politicians, bloggers, comedians, etc.). In the United States, these developments have contributed to the polarization of the public square, characterized by the radicalization of the conservative press, with significant impact on electoral processes. Institut Montaigne investigated whether a similar phenomenon was at work in France. To this end, it led an in-depth study in partnership with the Sciences Po Médialab, the Sciences Po School of Journalism as well as the MIT Center for Civic Media. It also benefited from data collected and analyzed by the Pew Research Center*, in their report “News Media Attitudes in France”. Going beyond “fake news” 1 The changes affecting the media space are often reduced to the study of their most visible symp- toms. For instance, the concept of “fake news”, which has been amply commented on, falls short of encompassing the complexity of the transformations at work. -
Put at the Test in the Terrorist Threat Era
Eötvös Loránd University A.Y. 2017/2018 THE “HOMELAND OF HUMAN RIGHTS” PUT AT THE TEST IN THE TERRORIST THREAT ERA France, collective memory and counterterrorism Author: Mathilde Bénard Director: Orsolya Salát 1 I would like to thank Orsolya Salát, my research director, for her advice and confidence throughout the semester, The EMA programme, which has truly been a unique, rich and pushing experience, intellectually and humanly ; The EMA staff, who made it possible by always staying supportive and demanding with the 90 of us, All those with whom I shared this year, Laura and Kristina, my Foscarini fellows and the best partners I could have thought of to begin this new experience with ; Victoria and Eva, for the discussions, exchanges, doubts, but most of all the laughs we shared in this now city of ours, Finally, my family, Agnès and Cécile, of course, And my parents, who supported and trusted in me, as they always do... merci. 2 ABTRACT The impact and instrumentalization of collective memory has been broadly addressed in nationalist/ authoritarian contexts, albeit very much less in democratic ones. France's national identity has been very much constructed on its rich History, and still upholds today –to the world but most of all for its citizens– an image of “Homeland of Human rights” rooted on the 1789 French Revolution. The thesis questions this image as to its origins, validity and perpetration through the years. In the light of this idealized national image, it then addresses the current counterterrorism measures adopted by the French State since 2015 Charlie Hebdo dreadful attacks. -
Culture LE FN DANS LE FAISCEAU DES ARTS
CHEZ NOUS, DE LUCAS BELVAUX, est la réponse d’un artiste citoyen qui veut comprendre les mécanismes de la montée du Front national. qualifie de « citoyenne » et non de « mili- tante ». La montée du FN, son enracine- ment, en particulier dans les milieux populaires, inquiètent, questionnent nombre d’artistes et intellectuels, écri- vains, metteurs en scène de théâtre, pho- tographes… qui cherchent la forme adé- quate pour rendre compte du vote FN et, qui sait, le décourager. D’aucuns auscultent la mécanique qui permet à des formations extrémistes d’accéder au pouvoir. Anne- Cécile Vandalem a ainsi écrit et présenté l’été dernier au Festival d’Avignon, Tris- tesses, une pièce conçue comme un thril- ler, qui raconte comment la dirigeante du cinémaC’était en 2013. Lucas Belvaux tournait Parti du réveil populaire, de retour dans alors Pas son genre, une histoire d’amour son île natale, exploite le désarroi de la malheureuse entre une coiffeuse, population pour avancer ses pions électo- Jennifer, et un écrivain parisien affecté ralistes. Le spectacle n’avait pas manqué dans un lycée d’Arras. « Les élections muni- de jeter un froid glacial au cœur de la cani- cipales approchaient, les sondages don- cule provençale, laissant le public avignon- naient le Front national à 30-40 % dans la nais sidéré par un dispositif vidéo qui le région et je me suis interrogé : “Cette fille, transformait en véritable voyeur. Jennifer, pour qui j’éprouve de l’estime, de C’est un même effroi qu’avait provoqué, l’affection, pour qui vote-t-elle ? Et pour en 2011, Chute d’une nation. -
Policy Analysis in French Local Government Alain Faure, Emmanuel Négrier
Policy analysis in French local government Alain Faure, Emmanuel Négrier To cite this version: Alain Faure, Emmanuel Négrier. Policy analysis in French local government. Charlotte Halpern; Patrick Hassenteufel; Philippe Zittoun. Policy Analysis in France, The Policy press, pp.119-135, 2017, 9781447324218. 10.1332/policypress/9781447324218.003.0007. halshs-01667336 HAL Id: halshs-01667336 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01667336 Submitted on 3 Jan 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. SEVEN Policy analysis in French local government Alain Faure and Emmanuel Négrier The subject of the present chapter attempts to ‘deconstruct’ the French territorial question and demonstrate that territorial policy analysis can break free from the limitations imposed by the primarily ‘statist’ conceptual framework in which it has hitherto been viewed. In the first section of the chapter, we indicate the scale and nature of the present political and administrative territorial structures and comment also on the paucity of academic research work on this subject. In the second section, we highlight the main changes in the territorial framework of policy building, through an evolution from vertical to horizontal dialectic of powers and capacities. -
Democratic Information in an Age of Corporate Power
14 09/2016 N°14 Democratic Information in an Age of Corporate Power Democratic Information in an Age of Corporate Power The Passerelle Collection The Passerelle Collection, realised in the framework of the Coredem initiative (Communauté des sites de ressources documentaires pour une démocratie mondiale– Community of Sites of Documentary Resources for a Global Democracy), aims at presenting current topics through analyses, propos- als and experiences based both on field work and research. Each issue is an attempt to weave together various contribu- tions on a specific issue by civil society organisations, media, trade unions, social movements, citizens, academics, etc. The publication of new issues of Passerelle is often associated to public conferences, «Coredem’s Wednesdays» which pursue a similar objective: creating space for dialogue, sharing and build- ing common ground between the promoters of social change. All issues are available online at: www.coredem.info Coredem, a Collective Initiative Coredem (Community of Sites of Documentary Resources for a Global Democracy) is a space for exchanging knowl- edge and practices by and for actors of social change. More than 30 activist organisations and networks share informa- tion and analysis online by pooling it thanks to the search engine Scrutari. Coredem is open to any organisation, net- work, social movement or media which consider that the experiences, proposals and analysis they set forth are building blocks for fairer, more sustainable and more responsible societies. Ritimo, the Publisher The organisation Ritimo is in charge of Coredem and of publishing the Passerelle Collection. Ritimo is a network for information and documentation on international solidarity and sustainable development. -
Marine Le Pen and the 'New' FN: a Change of Style Or of Substance?
Parliamentary Affairs (2013) 66, 179–196 doi:10.1093/pa/gss076 Marine Le Pen and the ‘New’ FN: A Change of Style or of Substance? James Shields* School of Languages and Social Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK Downloaded from *Correspondence: [email protected] The electoral challenge of the far right is an enduringly problematic feature of con- temporary French politics. In the first rounds of the 2012 presidential and parlia- mentary elections, the Front National (FN) under new leader Marine Le Pen http://pa.oxfordjournals.org/ attracted a combined total of ten million votes, bringing its ultra-nationalist pol- icies to the centre of national political debate. This article examines the FN’s impact on these elections and its implications for French politics. Drawing on of- ficial FN programmes, detailed election results and a range of opinion polling data, it assesses the strength of support for Le Pen and her party and seeks to explain their electoral appeal. In particular, it subjects to analysis the claim that the new leader has ‘de-demonised’ the FN, transforming it from perennial outsider by guest on December 15, 2012 to normal participant in mainstream French politics; and it reflects on the strategic dilemma posed for the centre-right by this newly invigorated far-right challenge. 1. Introduction The first round of the presidential election on 22 April 2012 set a new high point for the far right in France. With 17.9% of the vote, Marine Le Pen finished behind the Socialist candidate Franc¸ois Hollande (28.6%) and the outgoing centre-right president Nicolas Sarkozy (27.2%). -
University of Oklahoma Graduate College Legacies of Empire: Greater France from Colonialism to Terrorism a Thesis Submitted To
UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE LEGACIES OF EMPIRE: GREATER FRANCE FROM COLONIALISM TO TERRORISM A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN INTERNATIONAL STUDIES By MONICA GOODWIN Norman, Oklahoma 2016 LEGACIES OF EMPIRE: GREATER FRANCE FROM COLONIALISM TO TERRORISM A THESIS APPROVED FOR THE COLLEGE OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES BY __________________________ Dr. Jessica Pearson-Patel, Chair __________________________ Dr. Emily Rook-Koepsel __________________________ Dr. Michael Winston © Copyright by MONICA GOODWIN 2016 All Rights Reserved. Table of Contents Abstract………………………………………………… v Introduction……………………………………………. 1 Chapter 1……………………………………………….. 8 Chapter 2……………………………………………….. 37 Chapter 3……………………………………………….. 57 Conclusion……………………………………………... 72 Bibliography……………………………………………. 73 iv Abstract Legacies of empire: Greater France from colonialism to terrorism Author: Monica Goodwin (University of Oklahoma 2016) In this thesis, I argue that the legacies of empire and colonization are influencing the development of French identity and are challenging notions of contemporary French society. I argue that these colonial legacies reached a watershed moment in 1989 with the headscarf affair and further provoked violent and socially divisive events such as the 2005 riots and the 2015 terrorist attacks. Furthermore, I argue that the effects of France’s colonial past have created a psychological empire that is negatively affecting many of France’s youths of immigrant -
À Propos De L'orientation Économique Du Front National
À propos de l’orientation économique du Front national Fabien Tarrit To cite this version: Fabien Tarrit. À propos de l’orientation économique du Front national. 9e rencontres Actualité de la Pensée de Marx et nouvelles pensées critiques, Nov 2016, Bordeaux, France. hal-02020984 HAL Id: hal-02020984 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02020984 Submitted on 15 Feb 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. À propos de l’orientation économique du Front national Fabien Tarrit Le Front national (FN) a été fondé en 1972 à l’initiative d’Ordre nouveau, une organisation fasciste composée de partisans du maréchal Pétain, d’anciens tortionnaires de la guerre d’Algérie, de responsables catholiques… avec à sa tête Jean-Marie Le Pen. Sa fille Marine Le Pen lui a succédé en 2011. Ainsi le FN n’est pas issu du mouvement ouvrier mais de la fraction la plus réactionnaire de la bourgeoisie. C’est un parti bourgeois, il défend le capitalisme : « Nous ne remettons pas en cause l'économie de marché, ni les bienfaits de la concurrence si elle est loyale ». Il s’agit de « retrouver la compétitivité » et de lutter « contre la concurrence internationale déloyale » (Marine Le Pen, Le Monde, 20 septembre 2012). -
“FRANCE DESERVES to BE FREE”: CONSTITUTING FRENCHNESS in MARINE LE PEN's NATIONAL FRONT/NATIONAL RALLY Submitted By
THESIS “FRANCE DESERVES TO BE FREE”: CONSTITUTING FRENCHNESS IN MARINE LE PEN’S NATIONAL FRONT/NATIONAL RALLY Submitted by Lauren Seitz Department of Communication Studies In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Summer 2020 Master’s Committee: Advisor: Karrin Anderson Julia Khrebtan-Hörhager Courtenay Daum Copyright by Lauren Nicole Seitz 2020 All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT “FRANCE DESERVES TO BE FREE”: CONSTITUTING FRENCHNESS IN MARINE LE PEN’S NATIONAL FRONT/NATIONAL RALLY This thesis employs constitutive rhetoric to analyze French far-right politician Marine Le Pen’s discourse. Focusing on ten of Le Pen’s speeches given between 2015 and 2019, I argue that Le Pen made use of Kenneth Burke’s steps of scapegoating and purification as a way to rewrite French national identity and constitute herself as a revolutionary political leader. Le Pen first identified with the subjects and system that she scapegoats. Next, she cast out elites, globalists, and immigrants, identifying them as scapegoats of France’s contemporary identity split. Finally, by disidentifying with the scapegoats, Le Pen constituted her followers as always already French patriots and herself as her leader. This allowed her to propose a new form of French national identity that was undergirded by far-right ideals and discourse of revolution. This thesis presents several implications for understanding contemporary French national identity, the far right, and women politicians. It also contributes to the project of internationalizing public address research in Communication Studies. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First, thank you to my advisor, Kari Anderson. I truly could not have completed this thesis without your guidance, encouragement, and advice. -
Military Service and Political Behavior: Evidence from France
European Economic Review 122 (2020) 103364 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect European Economic Review journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/euroecorev Military service and political behavior: Evidence from France ∗ Etienne Fize a,b, Charles Louis-Sidois a,c, a Sciences Po, Department of Economics, 28 rue des Saints-Pères, Paris 75007, France b French Council of Economic Analysis, 20 avenue de Ségur, Paris 75007, France c University of Mannheim, Collaborative Research Center 884 “Political Economy of Reforms”, B6, 30-32, Mannheim 68131, Germany a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: We investigate the impact of compulsory military service on turnout and political prefer- Received 17 December 2018 ences. Exploiting the suspension of mandatory conscription for French men, we observe a Accepted 12 December 2019 significant and positive impact of military service on turnout. We estimate that the service Available online 24 December 2019 increases turnout by approximately 7 percentage points. We also investigate the impact of conscription on political preferences. When we control for selection into the military JEL classification: D72 service, we observe no support for a change in preferences of former conscripts. F52 ©2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Voting Turnout Political behavior Military service 1. Introduction “[...] re-establishing a compulsory national service is absolutely necessary, not only to teach citizens how to adapt to the [terrorist] threat, but also to strengthen national cohesion.” Emmanuel Macron, April 18, 2017 A renewed interest in national services has been observed the past few years. -
French Greens in the 2012 Presidential and Legislative Elections
PROFILE The French Greens in the 2012 Presidential and Legislative Elections Publication details Environmental Politics, 21/6, November 2012, pp.987-93 doi 10.1080/09644016.2012.724218 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09644016.2012.724218 GRAEME HAYES School of Languages and Social Sciences, Aston University, UK Correspondence address: School of Languages and Social Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK Email: [email protected] The French Greens in the 2012 Presidential and Legislative Elections These are heady times for the French Greens. In the 2009 European elections, Europe Ecologie obtained over 2.8 million votes (16.28%), and gained as many seats (14) as the Parti socialiste (PS); in the 2010 regional elections, Greens gained 12.18% of the first round vote, 263 councillors (up from 159 in 2004), and subsequently entered alliances with the PS in the executives of 21 of metropolitan France’s 22 regional councils. The dissolution of Les Verts in November 2010 into Europe Ecologie-Les Verts (EELV) was completed in a position of strength. In September 2011, the newly recomposed party confirmed this electoral breakthrough, increasing its membership of the Sénat (the upper house of Parliament, traditionally difficult for Greens because of its rural base and indirect mode of election) from four senators to twelve. Against this background, the party’s performance in the 2012 presidential and legislative elections requires explanation. Eva Joly, the EELV presidential candidate, polled the second lowest score by an official Green candidate since Les Verts was formed in 1984, whilst at the legislative elections EELV candidates polled a bare 5.5%. -
Productivity and Competitiveness: Where Does France Stand in the Euro Zone?
July 2019 Report Productivity and competitiveness: where does France stand in the Euro zone? First report PRODUCTIVITY AND COMPETITIVENESS: WHERE DOES FRANCE STAND IN THE EURO ZONE? First report Chair Philippe Martin Members Agnès Bénassy-Quéré, Olivier Blanchard, Laurence Boone, Gilbert Cette, Chiara Criscuolo, Anne Epaulard, Sébastien Jean, Margaret Kyle, Xavier Ragot, Alexandra Roulet, David Thesmar JULY 2019 FOREWORD This first report by the National Productivity Board (NPB) seeks to present an overview, for France, of the key issues and questions concerning productivity and competitiveness. This is an original exercise that is set to evolve in step with the discussions with the social partners and other stakeholders, as well as with the other national productivity boards organised within a European network. The substantive work accomplished by rapporteurs – Vincent Aussilloux, Amandine Brun-Schammé, Flore Deschard, Margarita Lopez-Forero, Sébastien Turban (France Stratégie), Matthieu Jeanneney (Directorate-General of the Treasury), Matthieu Lequien (Banque de France), Fanny Mikol (Directorate for Research, Studies and Statistics/Dares) and Rémi Monin (National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies/Insee) – has made a valuable contribution to this report, and I should like to extend sincere thanks to them on behalf of all the NPB for their dedication and professionalism. First and foremost, however, it is grounded in the joint deliberations of the Board members who played an active part in writing it. Harking from diverse backgrounds, these members are economists and researchers who are currently working or have previously worked in academic centres or international organisations and who share their views here completely independently of the economic and political authorities.