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Essential Facts About the League of Nations

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Essential Facts About the League of Nations sC/V, s, ESSENTIAL FACTS ABOUT THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS GENEVA 1938 I,£AGUF, PROPERTIES IN GENEVA 1. Teague Buildings. 2. International Tabotir Office 3' P‘S 4- of Nations!”’ °f the Secretary-General of the Teague DOttNa«ons' Pr°perties belon«hl« to '»' at the disposal of the Teague of ESSENTIAL FACTS ABOUT THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS NINTH EDITION (REVISED) GENEVA 1938 INFORMATION SECTION NOTE tionf- Sectioni publication, of the whichLeague has of beenNations prepared Secretariat, by the isInforma- not to be regarded as an official document for which the League of Nations is responsible. league or of ^Nationsages appear fr°m the in heavytext of type. the Covenant of the LeagueS ofZsCb0o”k!ete ,CXt °f ,he C0Venant is "'<= beginning Ihe information herein contained has been to December 31st, 1937. revised down TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I THE COVENANT OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS Page PREFACE 9 TEXT OF THE COVENANT n PART II MEMBERS OF THE LEAGUE THE STATES MEMBERS OF THE LEAGUE 32 PART III CONSTITUTION AND ORGANISATION I. GENERAL FACTS ABOUT THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS : GENERAI, OUTLINE 41 II. THE QUESTION OF THE REFORM OF THE LEAGUE 53 III. THE ORGANS OF THE LEAGUE : A. THE ASSEMBLY 56 B. THE COUNCIL-..'. 67 C. THE PERMANENT SECRETARIAT 85 IV. AUXILIARY ORGANISATIONS 92 V. THE INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANI- SATION 94 VI. THE PERMANENT COURT OF INTERNA- TIONAL JUSTICE 103 VII. THE BUDGET OF THE LEAGUE no 3496. — S.d.N. 3.500 CF.). 5.000 (A.). 4/38. — Imp.OFFICE PUBLICITE, Brux. Page PART IV POLITICAL ACTIVITIES OF THE LEAGUE I. ORGANISATION OF PEACE : A. PACIFIC SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES 116 B. SECURITY 126 C. DISARMAMENT 135 D. CONVENTIONS IN CONNECTION WITH THE SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES AND SECURITY. H5 E. POLITICAL QUESTIONS DEALT WITH BY THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS 156 II. THE MANDATES SYSTEM192 III. PROTECTION OF MINORITIES 200 IV. THE HIGH COMMISSARIAT FOR THE FREE CITY OF DANZIG 207 V. QUESTION OF ALEXANDRETTA AND ANTIOCH 209 VI. THE COMMISSION OF ENQUIRY FOR EUROPEAN UNION 213 PART V TECHNICAL WORK OF THE LEAGUE I. ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL WORK 217 II. COMMUNICATIONS AND TRANSIT 235 III. HEALTH 245 IV. INTELLECTUAL CO-OPERATION 254 V. SOCIAL AND HUMANITARIAN263 WORK VI. CAMPAIGN AGAINST NARCOTICS 272 VII. REFUGEE RELIEF WORK283 Page VIII. SLAVERY 286 IX. TECHNICAL CO-OPERATION OF THE LEAGUE WITH THE CHINESE GOVERN- MENT 287 PART VI ACTIVITIES RELATED TO THE LEAGUE I. NANSEN INTERNATIONAL OFFICE FOR REFUGEES 293 II. INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR RE- SEARCH ON LEPROSY 295 III. INTERNATIONAL BUREAUX 295 IV. THE RED CROSS 296 V. THE INTERNATIONAL RELIEF UNION... 297 PART VII RELATIONS WITH THE OUTSIDE WORLD I. PUBLICITY 301 II. THE SALES DEPARTMENT: CATALOGUES. 303 III. THE PRESS 303 IV. THE INFORMATION SECTION 304 V. LIAISON WITH PRIVATE ORGANISATIONS 305 VI. THE LIBRARY 306 VII. RADIO-NATIONS 307 VIII. BUILDINGS OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS 310 IX. SPECIAL STAMPS 312 — 8 PART VIII ANNEXES I. HISTORICAL SUMMARY II. CONVENTIONS AND AGREEMENTS CON- CLUDED UNDER THE AUSPICES OP THE LEAGUE III. PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVES TO THE LEAGUE OP NATIONS IV. INDEX PLANS AND CHARTS League Properties in Geneva Frontispiece Map of the World Inset between. 35 and^S Organisation of the League SS-SQ States that have been Non-permanent Members of the Council „ Upper Silesia (Map) Gran Chaco Territory (Map) ’ ‘ ^ Leticia Trapezium (Map) 17l Ethiopia and Neighbouring Countries (Map)... T8O Mandated Territories (Map) ‘ States which have assumed International Obligations 193 towards Minorities (Map) Territory of the Free City of Danzig (Map)’ 201 Territory of Alexandretta and Antioch (Map) . 207 New International Road .Signals (Chart) 210 Some of the Activities of the Health Organisation of 240 the League (Map) , , Range of Communication from Radio-Nations ’ (Chart).’ Plan oi the New League Buildings 308 3il Ever since 1920, the League of Nations has been devoting itself to the organisation of peace, endeavouring to bring peoples together and to remind them that, above differences of race, language and political and social system, the world is a community ; and that not only in ideal: it is of necessity a physical community, from which the progress of communi- cations makes it impossible to stand aloof. Unfortunately, the world is not what we hoped during the short period between 1925 and 1930 that it would be. It is idle to seek who is responsible. But it is noteworthy that since that time the free movement of national or foreign currents of opinion throughout the world has beert inter- rupted. Respect for international engagements has been disregarded. The difficulties of the moment are not pecu- liar to any particular organisation ; they are a challenge to the possibility of international co-operation, of any inter- national co-operation. And the true danger seems to be that fear or discouragement may so demoralise the Members of the League that, with a sort of fatalism, they may yield to the law of might. If we wish to provide for the inter- national co-operation prescribed by the Covenant, peace must be maintained—nay, it must be made. No peace, no lasting peace, could be made apart from the principles of the Covenant, which are : respect for undertakings, reduction of armaments, respect for territorial integrity, reconsidera- tion of treaties which have become inapplicable, and the obligations of Members in the case of a violation of the Covenant. Of course, the League is not condemned to remain stereo- typed and immovable : the extent of its Members’ obliga- tions may vary according to political circumstances; its methods of action, its forms and procedures may change. Compromises may be necessary, when peoples of different ideas and different civilisations encounter one another. The States Members, and especially the great Powers, must make a peace that is not based on a determination to keep the world motionless, nor on a regime of force and intimi- dation. In a world that is developing, rigid political limits cannot be imposed on life. It is the duty of Member States to keep the principles of the League unsullied. This is the only way to peace that will permit of the regular and continuous development of contacts between present-day civilisations. And the League’s moral influence will be all the more effective when the strong among its Members are confident in their strength and are assured of the confi- dence of their associates .* * Extract from a speech by M. J. Avenol, Secretary-General of the beague of Nations, at Paris, July gth, 1937. PART I THE COVENANT OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS 1 THE HIGH CONTRACTING PARTIES, In order to promote international co-operation and to achieve international peace and security by the acceptance of obligations not to resort to war, by the prescription of open, just and honourable relations between nations, by the firm establishment of the understandings of inter- national law as the actual rule of conduct among Governments, and by the maintenance of justice and a scrupulous respect for all treaty obhgations in the dealings of organised peoples with one another, Agree to this Covenant of the Teague of Nations. ARTICLE I. I. The original Members of the Teague of Nations shall be those of the Signatories which are named in the Annex to this Covenant and also such of those other States named in the Annex as shall accede without reservation to this 1 Text numbered in conformity with the resolution adopted by the seventh ordinary session of the Assembly on September 16th, 1926, and containing Article 6 as amended, in force since August 13th, 1924, Articles 12, 13 and 15 as amended, in force since September 26th, 1924. and Article 4 ns amended, in force since July 29th, 1926. The texts printed in italics indicate the amendments. 12 Covenant. Such accession shall be effected by a Declaration deposited with the Secretariat within two months of the coming into force of the Covenant. Notice thereof shall be sent to all other Members of the Deague. 2. Any fully self-governing State, Dominion or Colony not named in the Annex may become a Member of the Deague if its admission is agreed to by two-thirds of the Assembly, provided that it shall give effective guarantees of its sincere intention to observe its international obligations, and shall accept such regulations as may be prescribed by the Deague in regard to its military, naval and air forces and armaments. 3. Any Member of the Deague may, after two years’ notice of its intention so to do, withdraw from the Deague, provided that all its international obligations and all its obligations under this Covenant shall have been fulfilled at the time of its withdrawal. ARTICIVE 2. The action of the Deague under this Covenant shall be effected through the instrumentahty of an Assembly and of a Council, with a permanent Secretariat. ARTICLE 3. 1. The Assembly shall consist of Representatives of the Members of the Deague. 2. The Assembly shall meet at stated intervals and from time to time as occasion may require at the Seat of the Deague or at such other place as may be decided upon. 3. The Assembly may deal at its meetings with any matter within the sphere of action of the Deague or affecting the peace of the world. 4. At meetings of the Assembly, each Member of the Deague shall have one vote, and may have not more than three Representatives. — 13 ARTICLE 4. 1. The Council shall consist of Representatives of the Principal Allied and Associated Powers, together with Repre- sentatives of four other Members of the Teague. These four Members of the Teague shall be selected by the Assembly from time to time in its discretion.
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