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The Red List of Betulaceae

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The Red List of Betulaceae The Red List of Betulaceae Kirsty Shaw, Larry Stritch, Malin Rivers, Shyamali Roy, Becky Wilson and Rafaël Govaerts The Red List of Betulaceae For further information please contact: BGCI Descanso House 199 Kew Road, Richmond Surrey, TW9 3BW United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0)20 8332 5953 Fax: +44 (0)20 8332 5956 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.bgci.org BOTANIC GARDENS CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL (BGCI) is a membership organization linking botanic gardens in over 100 coun- tries in a shared commitment to biodiversity conservation, sustainable use and environmental education. BGCI aims to mobilize botanic gardens and work with partners to secure plant diversity for the well- being of people and the planet. BGCI provides the Secretariat for the IUCN/SSC Global Tree Specialist Group. THE USDA FOREST SERVICE is entrusted with 193 million acres of national forests and grasslands. The missions of the agency is to sustain the health, diversity and productivity of the Nation’s forests and grasslands to meet the needs of present and future generations. Published by Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Descanso House, 199 Kew Road, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3BW, UK. © 2014 Botanic Gardens Conservation International FAUNA & FLORA INTERNATIONAL (FFI), founded in 1903 and the world’s oldest international conservation organization, acts to Printed by the USDA Forest Service. conserve threatened species and ecosystems worldwide, choosing solutions that are sustainable, are based on sound science and take Printed on 100% Post-Consumer account of human needs. Recycled Paper. Design: USDA Forest Service Recommended citation: Shaw, K., Stritch, L., Rivers, M., Roy, S., Wilson, B. and Govaerts, R. (2014) The Red List of Betulaceae. BGCI. Richmond. UK. ISBN-10: 1-905164-58-0 THE GLOBAL TRESS CAMPAIGN is undertaken through a part- ISBN-13: 978-1-905164-58-5 nership between FFI and BGCI, working with a wide range of other organizations around the world, to save the world’s most threatened trees and the habitats in which they grow through the provision of AUTHORS information, delivery of conservation action and support for sustain- able use. All authors are members of the IUCN / SSC Global Trees Specialist Group Kirsty Shaw is Conservation Officer at BGCI. Larry Stritch is a National Botanist at the USDA Forest Service. Malin Rivers is Red List Manager at BGCI. THE IUCN/SSC GLOBAL TREE SPECIALIST GROUP forms Shyamali Roy and Becky Wilson are part of the Species Survival Commission’s network of over 7,000 vol- interns at BGCI working on the Global unteers working to stop the loss of plants, animals and their habitats. Trees Campaign. SSC is the largest of the six Commissions of IUCN – The International Union for Conservation of Nature. It serves as the main source of Rafaël Govaerts is Senior Checklist advice to the Union and its members on the technical aspects of spe- Compiler at the Royal Botanic Gardens, cies conservation. The aims of the IUCN/SSC Global Tree Specialist Kew and facilitates the compilation and Group are to promote and implement global red listing for trees and peer-review of the World Checklist of to act in an advisory capacity to the Global Trees Campaign. Selected Plant Families. The Red List of Betulaceae Kirsty Shaw, Larry Stritch, Malin Rivers, Shyamali Roy, Becky Wilson and Rafaël Govaerts 2014 The Red List of Betulaceae CONTENTS Acknowledgements 3 Acronyms 3 Foreword 4 Introduction 5 Distribution 5 Information Collection for Conservation Assessment 6 Results of the Evaluation 7 Conservation and Research Priorities 8 References 13 GLOBALLY THREATENED BETULACEAE TAXA 15 Betulaceae Taxa Evaluated as Data Deficient 32 Betulaceae Taxa Evaluated as Least Concern 37 References 54 ANNEX I IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (Version 3.1) 65 2 The Red List of Betulaceae ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS he authors would like to thank in their particular regions and facilitating the IUCN/SSC Caucasus Plant Red List the many experts from the the involvement of additional experts. Authority for providing information to T around the world who contrib- Particular thanks go to Dr. Sudipto support the assessments of taxa from uted information and have undertaken Chatterjee (TERI University, India) for the Caucasus region. assessments for this global evaluation providing information on Himalayan of Betulaceae taxa. taxa. Thanks also Rebecca Hsu The authors are very grateful to Fon- (Taiwan Forestry Research Institute) dation Franklinia for supporting BGCI’s Members of the IUCN/SSC Global for assisting with the assessments of red listing work. Finally thanks to the Tree Specialist Group and the BGCI Taiwanese taxa. The authors would United States Department of Agriculture network were particularly helpful in also like to thank Paul Bartlett (Stone (USDA) Forest Service for design work providing information on taxa present Lane Gardens, UK) and members of and printing of this report. LIST OF ACRONYMS AOO Area of occupancy ASL Above sea level BGCI Botanic Gardens Conservation International EOO Extent of occurrence FFI Fauna & Flora International GIS Geographical Information System GSPC Global Strategy for Plant Conservation GTC Global Trees Campaign GTSG IUCN/SSC Global Tree Specialist Group IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature SSC Species Survival Commission SIS Species Information Service USDA United States Department of Agriculture 3 The Red List of Betulaceae FOREWORD he Betulaceae, the birches, In some cases mere forms (e.g. Betula Though in breed ing depression is always alders, hazels, hornbeams, hop oycoviensis and B. lenta f. uber) or a potential problem (Kuser 1983; Coates Thornbeams and Ostryopsis, minor variants of common species 1992; De Smet 1993), there are many include some commercially important have been red listed in the past and instances where very small numbers timber and nut producing trees. Several considerable resources spent on their of individuals have given rise to huge species of Betula are ecologically conservation, while equally distinctive populations following introductions–as dominant in cold-temperate Northern populations have not been considered long as populations have been able to Hemisphere forests and tundra, while because they have not been named expand rapidly, lack of initial genetic some species of Alnus, Carpinus and (e.g. the tetraploid Greek population diversity does not seem to have been Corylus form smaller pure stands or of A. glutinosa). Lack of infor mation on a problem (Taggart et al. 1990; Meffert are major compo nents of forest, scrub little known species, mainly from less 1999; Merilä 1996; Jackson, et al. 2004). forest or forest understorey. In these studied parts of the world, is a major Self-compatible inbreeders such as more northern forests, to a large extent issue, and this list highlights these some rare Betulaceae may already have in formerly glaciated areas, there are and should stimulate those cultivating suffered the consequences of inbreed- no, or hardly any, relict endangered such species to ensure they maintain ing but still survived, perhaps following species. Other species of all genera breeding populations until certain that purging of deleterious genes (Byers are components of warm-temperate to the wild populations are secure. and Waller 1999). With rare species it is tropical forests and relicts of the Arc- clearly essential with self-incompatible Ideally the taxonomy of Betulaceae to-Tertiary forests in which such species species, and probably desirable with would be resolved first, before deciding were much more prominent and widely self-compatible ones (Kuser 1983), that conservation priorities, but this can distrib uted (Crane and Stockey 1987; more than one clone is maintained in take a long time (Landrum, 2003), and Collinson 2000; Manchester and Tiffney cultivation in a garden to ensure seed it is essential that this Red List report 2001). It is among these that we find production. Far too many gardens is published sooner rather than later the rare and threatened species, largely grow single plants of such threatened to draw attention to those species in the well known refugia on low latitude species as curators try to find space for requiring attention. In this family some mountain ranges in Japan, Korea, south as many different species as possible. of these species may be of potential China and Taiwan, the Caucasus/ However, to conserve the genetic economic significance as well as being Caspian region, and southern parts of variation of variable species it certainly worthy of conservation for their own eastern North America. requires the survival of a larger number sake. This is likely to apply to species of individuals than can usually be This Red List report, the 10th in a series of Alnus because of their value in maintained in cultivation, species often produced by the IUCN/SSC Global Tree reclamation due to their nitrogen fixing being represented in cultivation by a Specialist Group, provides the results properties. Some shrubby species (e.g. tiny fraction of their variation in the wild of a global conservation assessment A. faurei, A. sieboldiana) seem to be (Jeffrey, 1982, Brodie et al. 1998). This for the family Betulaceae. It highlights much more drought tolerant than is is why conservation of wild populations the relatively small number of taxa that usually realised and could be ideal as is always preferable where possible. qualify as globally threatened using the nurse species for timber trees. Alder IUCN Red List categories and criteria. species appear to be cross-compatible I hope that this report will stimulate with respect to symbiont Frankia strains, increased conservation action for those In the Betulaceae the taxonomy in all species developing effective nodules species that are identified as globally several genera is confused, so it can in UK soils. threatened. At the same time we need be difficult to determine conservation to find more information for those that status. However, it should usually be Conservationists often insist that large are recorded as Data Deficient.
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