To Classify Strata, Firstly, Community Pharmacies Were Grouped

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Table S1. Selected provinces and number of selected pharmacies in each province.

Number Number of of Non- Number of Selected Number of Number of Re- Response Population Accred- Selected Ac- Regions Provinces Non-Accred- Accredited spondents Rate by Re- Sizes ited credited ited Pharma- Pharmacies (response rate) gion Pharma- Pharmacies cies cies Bangkok 4870 205 363 128 70 > 1,000,000 Samut Prakan 524 22 40 15 (16.8%) NonThaburi 631 27 51 19 Nakhon Pathom 311 13 19 10 Central Thai- 500,000– 15 Chachoengsao 164 10 8 8 17.9% land 1,000,000 (25.0%) Samut Sakhon 273 11 8 8 Phetchaburi 13 10 6 6 7 < 500,000 Nakhon Nayok 50 10 2 2 (18.4%) Trat 84 10 0 0 Chiang Mai 600 25 49 13 19 > 1,000,000 Chiang Rai 201 10 8 8 (25.0%) Nakhon Sawan 138 10 10 10 Kamphaeng Phet 79 10 4 4 Northern 500,000– 10 Sukhothai 76 10 1 1 25.2% Thailand 1,000,000 (23.8%) Phichit 61 10 7 7 Nan 62 10 2 2 10 < 500,000 Uttaradit 50 10 3 3 (27.0%) Uthai Thani 32 10 2 2 Nakhon 323 14 20 10 Ratchasima 15 > 1,000,000 290 12 8 8 Udon Thani (25.4%) 133 10 5 5 Surin Northeastern Kalasin 134 10 2 2 500,000– 10 22.4% Thailand Maha Sarakham 157 10 8 8 1,000,000 (23.8%) Yasothon 72 10 2 2 Bungkan 48 10 0 0 5 < 500,000 Amnat Charoen 36 10 1 1 (15.2%) Mukdahan 49 10 2 2 Nakhon Sitham- 262 10 7 7 > 1,000,000 marat 20 376 15 43 16 Songkhla (23.8%) 651 26 27 10 Surat Thani Southern Narathiwat 72 10 6 6 500,000– 8 20.5% Thailand Yala 59 10 6 6 1,000,000 (18.2%) Chumphon 86 10 2 2 Phuket 705 30 35 12 12 < 500,000 Satun 59 10 4 4 (17.9%) Ranong 38 10 1 1 Missing 7 208 Total 11,769 652 761 348 (20.8)) To classify strata, firstly, community pharmacies were grouped based on their loca- tion into the four regions, which are central Thailand, Northern Thailand, North-eastern Thailand, and Southern Thailand. Secondly, community pharmacies in each regional area were divided into three groups based on the population size of the province in which the pharmacy was located. Three provinces in each of the three group size categories were randomly selected using a random number generator website,

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https://stattrek.com/statistics/random-number-generator.aspx. This gave thirty-six provinces across four regional areas, covering three population levels. As of May 2019, there were a small number of accredited pharmacies (The Office of Pharmacy Accreditation (Thailand) 2019), that is, 1054 out of 18,900 Type I community pharmacies (5.6%). Therefore, accredited community pharmacies in each province were selected by quota sampling in order to recruit a reasonable number of accredited pharmacies to the study (as one research question relates to comparing views of pharmacists working in accredited pharmacies versus those who did not). A ratio of approximately 1 to 2 accredited pharmacies to non-accredited pharmacies was used, resulting in approximately 350 accredited pharmacies and 650 non-accredited pharmacies in the final sample. As there is a wide range in the number of community pharmacies in the different provinces, 35% of accredited pharmacies in each of the selected provinces were invited to participate in the study. Many provinces had few accredited pharmacies, so in cases where there were less than 10 accredited pharmacies in a selected province, all accredited pharmacies were invited. To recruit from the 650 non-accredited pharmacies, approximately 4% of non-accredited pharmacies were randomly selected, with at least 10 non-accredited pharmacies invited from each province. The list of provinces and the number of pharmacies eligible to participate in the study is shown in Table S1. From the resulting list of community pharmacies by province in each of the four regional areas, community pharmacies were randomly selected using a random number generator website, https://stattrek.com/statistics/random-number-generator.aspx.