Italy's Sibillini Mountains

Naturetrek Tour Report 3 - 10 June 2015

Lizard Orchid Olive Skipper

Report compiled by Philip Thompson Images courtesy of Stuart Morton

Naturetrek Mingledown Barn Wolf's Lane Chawton Alton Hampshire GU34 3HJ UK T: +44 (0)1962 733051 F: +44 (0)1962 736426 E: [email protected] W: www.naturetrek.co.uk

Italy's Sibillini Mountains Tour Report

Tour Participants: Philip Thompson Tour Leader Sharon Thompson Co-leader With 13 Naturetrek clients

Day 1 Wednesday 3rd June

With our early flight safely completed, we met the early arrivals in the Arrivals Lounge of Ancona Airport and set off for the Sibillini National Park.

We stopped en route at the Abbadia Di Fiastra Nature Reserve for an exploration and refreshments. After a coffee and soft drink, we undertook a walk around the perimeter of the park. Several bright green Italian Wall Lizards scuttled across the path and posed unconcernedly on the margins as we made our slow passage past. Numerous singing Blackcaps could be heard, joined by a couple of Nightingales deep within the woodland scrub. The pleasant purring sounds of a few Turtle Doves were joined by the melodious calls of a Golden Oriole, both of which eluded sighting. The temperature along the track was becoming oppressive and, joined with our slow progress, brought about the decision to retreat to the Monastery buildings and a light lunch! Whilst we ate we were able to enjoy the vibrant House Martin colony on the buildings with the Tree Sparrows and Common Redstarts on the rooftops and gutters.

We then continued our journey to Amandola and our hotel. With time still available, the group were able to walk into the town square to explore this delightful old town and to partake of their first Italian ice cream of the trip! With our appetites still intact, we returned to the hotel to freshen up before a typical local meal.

Day 2 Thursday 4th June

We began with a short drive to the Rifugio Sibilla, set at 1540m on the flank of the mountain.

The drive up the rough winding track had whetted the appetite for the many delights to be found within the park, with a profusion of butterflies and flowers seen. Once at the rifugio we began the walk along the gently rising contour route, on the wide, white, stony track. Progress was slow in the early stages as we identified the many species of flower to be found along the way. Several familiar garden plants were seen here in their native habitat, such as Perennial Cornflower (Centaurea montana), Purple Toadflax (Linaria purpurea) and Snow-in- Summer (Cerastium tomentosum). These were joined by several beautiful and colourful species that we would become familiar with during the coming week, notably Polygala major, Alpine Calamint (Acinos alpina) and Paeonia officinalis. Birds on these slopes are rather thin on the ground but the area does hold a number of notable species, the best of which was a pair of Rufous-tailed Rock Thrushes near the rifugio. As we walked, we added Water Pipit, Northern Wheatear and a few passing Red-billed Chough.

Dotted among the commoner plants were numerous white-flowered Poet’s Narcissus (Narcissus poeticus) and both colour forms of the Elder-flowered Orchid (Dactylorhiza sambucina), with some flowering examples of the endemic hound’s-tongue Cynoglossum magallense. Whilst we enjoyed the perfect weather, we slowly began to process the abundance of flowers and not overlook the amazing views!

Italy's Sibillini Mountains Tour Report

As we rounded a bend in the path, we came upon a massive landslip that had covered the route. We paused a while to enjoy one of the best views up the valley, from the tiny hamlet of Foce towards the summits of Monte Vettore, the highest peak in the park, and to take a chance in the rising air currents to cool a little. With the path blocked, we opted to retrace our steps and have our picnic lunch back at the rifugio. During the return a female Montagu’s Harrier was observed as she rose from the valley below to drift high overhead and on into the next valley.

Back at the vehicles, we soon had lunch prepared and were able to relax and enjoy the views, followed by a coffee. We then spent the afternoon with several stops during the descent, to explore the colourful and flower- filled slopes. Numerous species of orchid were the highlight for some, with the spectacular velvety Bertoloni’s Bee Orchid (Ophrys bertolonii) the star find. Butterflies did not disappoint with numerous species seen and identified for the group. A spell of quiet contemplation sitting among the flora was enjoyed before we continued our descent. Once back on the surfaced road, we took a different return route, stopping on the way to admire a rock face with abundant drooping panicles of the Live-long Saxifrage (Saxifraga paniculata) for which the area is renowned. We then continued in a slow drive along the winding peaceful roads before our final return to Amandola.

Day 3 Friday 5th June

With the weather due to remain clear and sunny all day, we opted for a full day’s walking excursion into the Gola Dell’Infernaccio (Hell’s Gorge).

The short drive went uneventfully, and we soon arrived at the car park where we shared out the picnic lunch among the group. Before we had set off, a Peregrine was sighted soaring high above us around the imposing crags that guard the entrance to the gorge. Once underway, the walk slowly descended down towards the Tena River where we would make the first of several crossings. At the mouth of the gorge alongside the river, we were faced with an enormous mountain of avalanche-driven snow covering the usual path. During our walk down a couple of splendid patches of Cyclamen repandum were found still flowering in the shade of the trackside bushes. The dripping cliffs above the river held large patches of Adenostyles alpina mixed with Cabbage Thistle (Cirsium oleraceum), both just coming into flower. The path-side wet flushes and streams were lined with abundant Yellow Mountain Saxifrage (Saxifraga aizoides) which was still some way from flowering.

Having crossed the river we were then required to make our way rather tentatively across the huge pile of earth- covered snow to rejoin the main path, which climbed steadily into the gorge. The path narrowed rapidly as we made our way through this most dramatic and exciting route. A pair of Alpine Choughs was seen flying into their nest site, deep in the shadowy fissures of the vertical rock faces on either side of the track. One bird, having settled, could just about be detected in the gloom. Growing on the rock faces and shady fissures were several interesting plants, of particular significance, although of diminutive size, were both Moehringia muscosa and Silene pusila. The tall path side herbage comprised the attractive Perennial Honesty (Lunaria rediviva), Golden Chervil (Chaerophyllum aureum) and Large Pellitory of the Wall (Parientaria officinalis).

As the gorge slowly opened out we passed into an area of deep Beech (Fagus sylvatica) woodland. Beneath the dark canopy and growing in the deep leaf litter, several species of orchid were found, alongside Lathyrus venetus and Cardamine enneaphyllos and Cardamine chelidonia. The abundant White Helleborines (Cephalanthera damasonium)

2 © Naturetrek

Italy's Sibillini Mountains Tour Report

and Bird’s-nest Orchids (Neottia nidus-avis) were particularly notable. The scarce and difficult-to-find Coralroot Orchid (Corallorhiza trifida) was a fortunate and exciting discovery, although it proved somewhat underwhelming for the group: its diminutive size and unassuming appearance overshadowing its fascinating myco-heterotrophic lifestyle.

The path re-crossed the river a further few times, before we emerged into open meadowland dotted with flowers and with views up to the surrounding crags and slopes. We stopped here to enjoy our lunch in the sun and to identify some of the plants and butterflies around us. With lunch completed, we continued a little further to reach a ford across the river, close to its source, at which point we paused once more to spend some time relaxing and exploring the nearby environs. Butterflies here included Green-underside Blue among a profusion of Osiris and Little Blues. Our return back along our earlier route was then undertaken, adding a couple of fleeting glimpses of Dipper as it flew along the river, concealed by the heavily forested banks. As we reached the narrow gorge once more, similar glimpses were obtained of the local Grey Wagtails, although their calls could be heard penetrating the roar of the rushing water.

Back at the vehicles, we drove directly back to Amandola where most of the group were able to enjoy a cookery lesson in the hotel kitchen, learning the art of making authentic gnocchi. After much hilarity and fun all agreed it had been a great experience.

Day 4 Saturday 6th June

For those of the group eager for some more birds, we travelled northwest outside of the park to visit the reed bed and arable fields of the Colfiorito Regional Park. Here our focus was predominantly aimed at the avian inhabitants, with plants and butterflies taking a supporting role. The journey there was a long and winding one through some wonderful mountain scenery, the roadsides along the way beckoning to be examined in detail, if only we had the time!

Upon our arrival at the lake, we parked in the shade and began a slow and steady walk along its edge, passing areas of thick willow and poplar growth, before obtaining clearer views over the reeds. Feeding on the tall flower heads of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) were several Esper’s Marbled Whites, which allowed for ample time for the photographers to obtain their shots. Singing from the reeds and providing fleeting glimpses were numerous Eurasian Reed Warblers joined by a few Great Reed Warblers. After some patient scanning, good views were obtained of a flying Black-crowned Night Heron. A couple of brief views of the much smaller Little Bitterns were had by most, as they made a couple of flights over the reeds, rather typical of the species! More luck was had with regard to the Purple Herons, of which several were seen making prolonged flights as they moved about the area. A rather distant Hobby was watched towards the back of the reed bed as it hunted the abundant dragonflies, catching them in flight. The rocky slope behind us held several warmth-loving plant species, which were attracting numbers of butterflies that included the first Large Blue of the trip.

We slowly made progress along the path before reaching the ringers hut with a large area of open water to view. As we arrived we heard the evocative ‘booming’ of a Eurasian Bittern from nearby. The site of Colfiorito is a very important breeding area for this species in Italy, so it was good to know that they were still present. We heard the bird calling on a couple more occasions but were not lucky with seeing the bird in flight, as it remained deep in the reeds.

Italy's Sibillini Mountains Tour Report

A pleasant picnic was taken on the water’s edge, as we listened to the birds and enjoyed the hot Italian sun. Our next stop was taken after a short drive to the arable fields that fringe the reserve. We walked from here through the fields, down to the lake and a small hide. Singing from the hedgerows could be heard two to three Ortolan Buntings, which proved to be difficult to pick up. Eventually, one bird was briefly caught in the ‘scope for a few to snatch a glimpse before the local sparrows chased it off! The fields here are managed in a low intensity manner and hence contain a range of plant species that are fast disappearing in the UK with our heavy use of herbicides and seed-cleaning technology. We were pleased to find Corn Buttercup (Ranunculus arvensis), Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus), Yellow Chamomile (Anthemis tinctoria), Forking Larkspur (Consolida regalis) and Large Venus’s Looking Glass (Legousia speculum-veneris). Of particular UK significance was the discovery of Corn Cleavers (Galium tricornutum), but this took some convincing for the assembled group due to its similarity to the very common and familiar Cleavers (Galium aparine) and excitement was kept to a low ebb!

A plant that also should have been a major excitement, Adriatic Lizard Orchid (Himantoglossum adriaticum), met with the response ‘When will they come into flower?’ The fact that the splendid group of 8 large spikes were in their prime caused some hilarity and gentle teasing! After a more careful examination the glories of this spectacular orchid were better appreciated.

As we reached the hide, a Black-crowned Night Heron flew low overhead and a female Marsh Harrier was watched quartering the reeds. Warblers continued their monotonous calls as we enjoyed the remainder of our time here before heading back. Our return journey involved a coffee stop at St Lorenzo, from where we then took a different route back through the mountains. This led past the ski station at Monte Sassotetto before dropping down into Sarnarno and on to Amandola.

Day 5 Sunday 7th June

We travelled to the southern end of the park to visit the Piano Grande. The drive, whilst not covering a huge distance, took some time due to the nature of the tortuously winding road, lined with flowers and periodically presenting us with wonderful scenic views.

As we began the ascent to the col of Forca di Piesta, we took a short roadside stop to wander among the thin scattered pine trees and array of flowers. Our hoped-for colony of Sparse-flowered Orchid (Orchis pauciflora) had all gone over already, but compensation was provided by numerous, healthy flower spikes of Sword-leaved Helleborine (Cephalanthera longifolia), among the colourful patchwork of Hoary Rockrose (Helianthemum oelandicum subsp. incanum), Horseshoe vetch (Hippocrepis comosa), Polygala major and Globularia meridionalis. Calling from the trees and bushes were a family of Rock Buntings, a little agitated by our presence, as they clearly were feeding youngsters hiding among the scrub nearby.

We then continued the climb, to cross over the col and drop down into the enormous upland tableland surrounded by many of the parks highest peaks that makes up the Piano Grande, with the tiny village of Castellucio perched on its isolated hillock. We drove through the flat meadows and climbed up the southern flank to stop and take another walk over the meadows. Several new plants and butterflies were found here, notably the endemics, Gentianella columnae and Alpine Storksbill (Erodium alpinum). Fluttering among the Storksbill were a few Geranium Argus, whilst distributed throughout the meadow were numerous Glanville Fritillaries. The

4 © Naturetrek

Italy's Sibillini Mountains Tour Report

fritillaries we were hoping for, Fritillaria orientalis, could not be found, having presumably finished, likewise the Wild Tulips (Tulipa sylvestris), where only the seed heads could be seen.

Our next stop was among the Beechwood meadows a little higher up where we took our lunch, serenaded by a nearby Tree Pipit. On a busy Sunday there were plenty of fellow picnickers enjoying the weather.

We then returned to the flat central plateau where we firstly took a short walk among the grasslands, which were full of chirping Field Crickets. Among the flowers were the attractive frothy pink heads of Hoary Plantain (Plantago media) and Astragalus danicus alongside many now-familiar species. A second stop was taken to admire the colours of one of the arable fields for which the area is noted. The Mustard, lentils and pulses grown here are famous throughout Italy. The field we stopped at seemed to be rather a tourist creation, with the colours of the Italian flag provided by the Field Poppies (Papaver rhoeas), Corn Chamomile (Anthemis arvensis) and assorted greenery, set beneath the Beech plantation on the adjoining mountainside shaped in the map of Italy. There was a curious absence of any blue Cornflowers, so notable on many other nearby fields! It was a pleasant walk nonetheless, with the cooling conditions resulting in the finding of a roosting Olive Skipper in the grass as we made our way back to the vehicles just ahead of a mighty thunderstorm. With the advent of rain, we made our way next to Castellucio for a coffee and an ice cream and an opportunity to buy souvenirs. Dodging the rain, we made it to the nearby Gelateria for essential nourishment and rest.

The rain eased on our return journey to Amandola, which was enlivened when we passed through Montemonaco where a local Saint’s day had been celebrated with a procession and numerous flower-petal pictures made in the centre of the road for us to admire as we slowly passed.

Day 6 Monday 8th June

The forecast was claiming to herald another clear and sunny day as we undertook our longest full day’s walking route. We firstly drove to the hamlet of Foce where we set off along the route which ultimately leads to the Lago di Pilato, a small upland glacial lake, set beneath the ring of highest summits of the park.

The morning was clear, hot and sunny, as we walked the first section through the grassy meadows of the valley floor. The humidity was high so it was a relief when we reached the shade of the Beech forest where we could pause and cool down somewhat. The walk then began to climb more steeply as we passed another large avalanche of snow until we reached the zigzag path that climbed a narrow fissure at the head of the valley. This was the steepest section, so we progressed slowly, pausing only to admire the endemic Saxifraga porophylla flowering on a single crag by the track. Once the path levelled, a short section through the forest led out into the open alpine meadows with their fresh air and exciting mix of birds and plants found at this altitude.

Our first encounter was passing through a thick bed of Geranium reflexum and Doronicum columnae together with a few Pearl-bordered Fritillaries. On the track sides, where the snow had only recently melted, large numbers of Alpine Squill (Scilla bifolia) were in full bloom, demonstrating how late snow patches can extend the flower season. Concealed among the abundant Elder-flowered Orchids (Dactylorhiza sambucina) were a couple of colonies of the delightful lemon-yellow-flowered Orchis pallens. Another snowfield required a careful crossing as we moved slowly upward. Several choice alpine plants were seen such as Alpine Pasqueflower (Pulsatilla alpina), the endemic

Italy's Sibillini Mountains Tour Report

Trumpet and also Spring Gentians (Gentiana dinarica and verna), Viola eugeniae and Pedicularis hoemanniana. Singing from the crags and slopes above us could be heard Water Pipits, Black Redstart and Rufous-tailed Rock Thrush.

We paused by a convenient large boulder surrounded by flowers to have lunch and lighten our packs. Unfortunately, the weather began to cloud over somewhat and look slightly less than ideal. Through past experience of how conditions can rapidly change in these mountains, it seemed apt to curtail any further climbing and begin to make our way back. This proved correct when it soon turned from distant thunder to a heavy downpour mixed with hail as we retreated back down, taking particular care on the steep section. We arrived back at the vehicles somewhat dampened, as the weather began to ease. The amount of hail washed up on the track sides indicated that we had possibly missed the worst!

A warming coffee and hot chocolate was now required from the nearby rifugio as we warmed and dried off a little. The temperature now had dropped from 25˚C to little more than 11˚C, so it was quite a shock to the system. Once we were feeling somewhat better, we drove a short distance back down the narrow valley to take a walk along the high gorge section. This required passing through the emergency road tunnel once more, as the road was blocked with another huge snow avalanche. Before we had all had time to disembark and begin our walk, a Golden Eagle was spotted drifting along the crags above us, passing behind a promontory and out of sight before most had a chance of a sighting. The numerous Crag Martins overhead did not quite provide solace for those that missed it. After a pleasant time walking alongside the road, marvelling at the stunning rock faces above us with abundant flowers, we were collected by the vehicles.

A final visit was taken on the way back to the ornate and very holy and pious church of the Madonna dell’Ambro. We entered the quiet hushed church, with its attendant monks, to admire the wonderful artworks painted on the walls and ceiling. We were able to pass through the golden trelliswork at the head of the church into a separate room that contained the statue of the Madonna. The frescoes here by the 17thC artist Martino Bonfini were particularly beautiful.

Day 7 Tuesday 9th June

In contrast to the higher peaks of the southern end of the park, today was spent walking the gentle meadows high on the tops of the northern section of the park. Here, instead of rocky crags, all was flower-filled meadows allowing for a very pleasant and easy walk.

In the warm sun, the initial walk along a stone track had abundant butterflies feeding on the flower-filled banks. Notable were the Marsh Fritillaries that seemed to be everywhere. The abiding colour scheme of yellow, pink, fuchsia and mauve will remain fixed in the memory during this final walk as we were able to drink in the views and total peace and quiet, with only the birds for company. The songs of the Skylarks poured out all about us. Other birds seen included Northern Wheatear, Tawny Pipit and a few passing Red-billed Chough. A Honey Buzzard was seen to land on the nearby slopes, enabling a close approach to its position as it had dropped over a ridge, out of sight. As we drew near, it seemed as if the bird must have slipped away unnoticed, only for it to suddenly erupt from the grass close by, joined by a second bird. The pair proceeded to gently climb above us, allowing for a wonderful close and prolonged admiration of these unusual raptors. During the walk, we came upon a couple more beds of Wild Peonies (Paeonia officinalis) with their stunning scarlet flowers looking somewhat incongruous in their open grassland habitat.

6 © Naturetrek

Italy's Sibillini Mountains Tour Report

Towards the end of the walk, we reached a shallow eroded gulley in the path. An ‘interesting looking’ fritillary proved to be just that, with the discovery of a perfect example of the scarce Grison’s Fritillary, one of a small isolated population in the central Apennines. A little further on, we spotted the dazzling bright orange of a couple of Purple-edged Coppers, feeding in the grass, to delight the group.

Once back at the vehicles, we took a couple more short stops to admire the flowers before driving on to take our lunch at a pleasant picnic site complete with fresh spring water. Overhead, several Common Buzzards kept us entertained as we ate.

Having next driven on and climbed back up to the high meadows, we took our final walk from the rifugio at Bolognola. This proved to have been a gamble that didn’t pay off, as the rather grey and stormy clouds began to deposit a few drops of rain. This rapidly degenerated into a tumultuous hailstorm necessitating a rapid retreat! In the short space of a few minutes, we had been soaked once more, with stinging hail bouncing off our heads. ‘Safely’ back in the vehicles, we drove back down off the mountains through this cataclysmic storm, the hail rattling on the roof and water rushing down the road off the slopes!

What this needed was an ice cream! So, back at the hotel, we dried off and walked into town for a final treat and a little people-watching.

Day 8 Wednesday 10th June

With a mid morning flight to catch we needed an early start and direct drive to the airport, with only the passing views to enjoy before we flew home.

Receive our e-newsletter

Join the Naturetrek e-mailing list and be the first to hear about new tours, additional departures and new dates, tour reports and special offers. Visit www.naturetrek.co.uk to sign up.

Naturetrek Facebook

We are delighted to launch the Naturetrek Facebook page so that participants of Naturetrek tours can remain in touch after the holiday and share photos, comments and future travel plans.

Setting up a personal profile at www.facebook.com is quick, free and easy. The Naturetrek Facebook page is now live; do please pay us a visit!

Italy's Sibillini Mountains Tour Report

Species Lists

Plants Scientific name Common name

PINOPSIDA (GYMNOSPERMS) CONIFERS

Cupressaceae Juniper Family Cupressus sempervirens Italian Cypress Juniperus communis subsp. communis Common Juniper Juniperus communis subsp. alpina Dwarf Juniper Juniperus oxycedrus Prickly Juniper

Pinaceae Pine Family Larix decidua Larch Pinus nigra Black Pine Pinus sylvestris Scots Pine

MAGNOLIOPSIDA (ANGIOSPERMS) FLOWERING PLANTS Magnoliidae (Dicotyledons)

Aceraceae Maple Family Acer campestris Field Maple Acer opalus subsp. obtusatum Italian Maple Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore

Apiaceae Carrot Family Cachrys ferulacea - Chaerophyllum aureum Chaerophyllum hirsutum Conium maculatum Hemlock Daucus carota Wild Carrot Eryngium amethystinum Blue Eryngo Eryngium campestre Field Eryngo Foeniculum vulgare Fennel Heracleum sphondylium subsp. pyrenaicum Laserpitium latifolium Broad-leaved Sermountain Laserpitium siler a Sermountain Meum athamanticum Spignel Sanicula europaea Sanicle Smyrnium olusatrum Alexanders Smyrnium perfoliatum ssp. rotundifolium Round-leaved Alexanders Torilis arvensis Spreading Hedge-parsley Trinia dalechampii

Aquifoliaceae Holly Family Ilex aquifolium Holly

Aralaceae Ivy Family Hedera helix Ivy

Asclepiadaceae Milkweed Family Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Swallow-wort

8 © Naturetrek

Italy's Sibillini Mountains Tour Report

Scientific name Common name

Asteraceae Daisy Family Achillea millefolium Yarrow Adenostyles alpina Adenostyles Anthemis arvensis Corn Chamomile Anthemis cretica Mountain Dog Daisy Anthemis tinctoria Yellow Chamomile Arcticum lappa Greater Burdock Artemesia absinthium Artemisia alba a Wormwood Aster alpina Alpine Aster Bellidiastrum michelii False Aster Bellis perennis Daisy Calendula arvensis Field Marigold Centaurea ambigua* Centaurea cyanus Cornflower Centaurea montana Perennial Cornflower Cichorium intybus Chicory Cirsium oleraceum Cabbage Thistle Doronicum columnae Heart-leaved Leopard's-bane Helichrysum italicum Italian Curry plant Helichrysum stoechas Curry Plant Hieracium cymosum a Hawkweed Hieracium villosum Lactuca perennis Perennial Lettuce Leucanthemopsis alpina Alpine Moon Daisy Onopordum illyricum Illyrian Scotch Thistle Petasites albus White Butterbur Scorzonera rosea - Senecio cordatus Alpine Ragwort Senecio doronicum subsp gerardii Chamois Ragwort Senecio squalidus Tanacetum corymbosum Tragopogon pratensis subsp. orientalis Goat's-beard Tussilago farfara Coltsfoot Urospermum dalechampii -

Betulaceae Birch Family Carpinus betulus Hornbeam Carpinus orientalis Eastern Hornbeam Corylus avellana Hazel Ostrya carpinifolia Hop Hornbeam

Boraginaceae Forget-me-not Family Borago officinalis Borage Echium vulgare Viper's-bugloss Cynoglossum magellense* a Hound's-tongue Lithospermum arvensis Field Gromwell Myosotis alpestris Alpine Wood Forget-me-not Myosotis arvensis Field Forget-me-not Onosma echioides Golden Drops Pulmonaria officinalis Lungwort Solenanthus apenninus* Solenanthus

Italy's Sibillini Mountains Tour Report

Scientific name Common name

Brassicaceae Cabbage Family Alyssum alyssoides Arabis alpina Arabis hirsuta Hairy Rock-cress Arabis recta Annual Rock-cress Arabis turrita Tower Mustard Biscutella laevigata Buckler Mustard Cardamine bulbifera Bulbous Bitter-cress Cardamine chelidonia Cardamine enneaphyllos Drooping Bitter-cress Cardamine flexuosa Wavy Bitter-cress Cardamine heptaphylla Cardamine hirsuta Hairy Bitter-cress Cardamine kitaibelii Cardamine pentaphyllos Coronopus squamatus Greater Swine-cress Draba aizoides Yellow Whitlow-grass Eruca sativa Garden Rocket Erysimum pseudorhaeticum* A Treacle Mustard Lepidium campestre Lepidium draba Hoary Cress Lunaria annua Honesty Lunaria rediviva Perennial Honesty Rorippa amphibia Great Yellow-cress Sinapsis arvensis Charlock Thlaspi perfoliata Perfoliate Penny-cress

Buxaceae Box Family Buxus sempervirens Box

Cannabaceae Hop Family Humulus lupulus Hop

Campanulaceae Bellflower Family Campanula rapunculus Rampion Bellflower Campanula spicata Spiked Bellflower Campanula tanfanii* Edraianthus graminifolius Edraianthus Legousia hybrida Venus's Looking-glass Legousia speculum-veneris Large Venus's Looking-glass Phyteuma orbiculare Round-headed Rampion

Caprifoliaceae Honeysuckle Family Lonicera caprifolium Lonicera etrusca Etruscan Honeysuckle Lonicera implexa a Honeysuckle Lonicera xylosteum Fly Honeysuckle Sambucus edulis Dwarf Elder Sambucus nigra Elder

Caryophyllaceae Pink Family Cerastium arvense Field Mouse-ear Cerastium brachypelatum Grey Mouse-ear

10 © Naturetrek

Italy's Sibillini Mountains Tour Report

Scientific name Common name

Cerastium fontanum Common Mouse-ear Cerastium ligusticum Cerastium tomentosum Snow-in-Summer Dianthus armeria Deptford Pink Dianthus carthusianorum Carthusian Pink Dianthus deltoides Maiden Pink Dianthus sylvestris Wood Pink Drypis spinosa Drypis Hernaria glabra Smooth Rupturewort Minuartia capillacea a Sandwort Minuartia verna Moehringia muscosa Paronychia kapela a Paronychia Sagina procumbens Procumbent Pearlwort Saponaria ocymoides Rock Soapwort Scleranthus perennis Perennial Knawel Silene dioica Red Campion Silene (Lychnis) flos-cuculi Ragged Robin Silene italica Italian Catchfly Silene latifolia White Campion Silene nocturna Silene nutans Nottingham Catchfly Silene pusilla Silene saxifraga Silene vulgaris Stellaria holostea Greater Stichwort Stellaria media Chickweed Stellaria nemorum Wood Chickweed

Celastraceae Spindle family Euonymus europaeus Spindle Tree

Cistaceae Rock-rose Family Cistus creticus a Pink Cistus Cistus salvifolius Sage-leaved Cistus Helianthemum apenninum White Rock-rose Helianthemum oelandicum subsp.incanum Hoary Rock-rose Helianthemum nummularium Rock-rose

Clusiaceae St.John's-wort Family Hypericum perforatum Common St.John's-wort

Convolvulaceae Bindweed Family Convolvulus althaeoides subsp. tenuissimus Narrow Mallow-leaved Bindweed Convolvulus cantabrica Pink Bindweed Cuscuta epithymum Dodder

Cornaceae Dogwood Family Cornus sanguinea Dogwood

Crassulaceae Stonecrop Family Sedum acre Biting Stonecrop Sedum album White Stonecrop

Italy's Sibillini Mountains Tour Report

Scientific name Common name

Sedum dasyphyllum Thick-leaved Stonecrop Sedum maximum Sedum rubens Reddish Stonecrop Sedum rupestre Rock Stonecrop Umbilicus rupestris Wall Pennywort

Dipsacaeae Teasel Family Dipsacus fullonum Teasel Knautia drymeia Knautia integrifolia Knautia purpurea Scabiosa columbaria Small Scabious

Euphorbiaceae Spurge Family Euphorbia amygdaloides Wood Spurge Euphorbia cyparissias Cypress Spurge Euphorbia helioscopia Sun Spurge Euphorbia peplus Petty Spurge Mercuralis annua Annual Mercury Mercurialis perennis Dog’s Mercury

Fabaceae Pea Family Anthyllis montana Mountain Kidney Vetch Anthyllis vulneraria agg. Kidney Vetch Astragalus danicus Astragalus sempervirens Mountain Tragacanth Colutea arborescens Bladder Senna Coronilla emerus Scorpion Senna Cytisophyllum sessilifolium Cytisus (Chamaecytisus) hirsutus Hairy Broom Cytisus scoparius Broom Genista sagittalis (Chamaespartium sagittale) Winged Greenweed Genista tinctoria Dyer’s Greenweed Hedysarum coronarium Italian Sainfoin Hippocrepis comosa Horseshoe Vetch Hippocrepis emerus Scorpion Senna Laburnum anagyroides Laburnum Lathyrus cicera A Vetchling Lathyrus latifolius Broad-leaved Everlasting Pea Lathyrus venetus Lotus corniculatus Birds-foot Trefoil Lotus ornithopodioides Medicago arabica Spotted Medick Melilotus officinalis Common Melilot Onobrychis montana Onobrychis viciifolia Sainfoin Ononis spinosa Pisum sativum Wild Pea Robinia pseudacacia False Acacia Securigera varia Crown Vetch Spartium junceum Spanish Broom Trifolium montanum Mountain Clover Trifolium ochroleuchon Sulphur Clover

12 © Naturetrek

Italy's Sibillini Mountains Tour Report

Scientific name Common name

Trifolium pratense Red Clover Trifolium repens White Clover Trifolium resupinatum Trifolium rubens Red Trefoil Trifolium tomentosum Woolly Trefoil Vicia cracca Tufted Vetch Vicia hybrida Vicia onobrychioides

Fagaceae Beech Family Castanea sativa Sweet Chestnut Fagus sylvatica Beech Quercus cerris Turkey Oak Quercus ilex Holm Oak Quercus pubescens Downy Oak

Fumariaceae Fumitory Family Fumaria officinalis Common Fumitory

Gentianaceae Gentian Family Blackstonia perfoliata Yellow-wort Centaureum erythraea Common Centaury Gentiana dinarica A Trumpet Gentian Gentiana lutea Great Yellow Gentian Gentiana utriculosa Bladder Gentian Gentiana verna Spring Gentian Gentianella columnae*

Geraniaceae Crane’s-bill Family Erodium alpinum* Alpine Storksbill Erodium cicutarium Common Stork’s-bill Erodium malacoides Mallow-leaved Stork’s-bill Geranium columbinum Long-stalked Crane's-bill Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Crane’s-bill Geranium lucidum Shining Crane’s-bill Geranium molle Dove’s-foot Crane’s-bill Geranium pyrenaicum Hedgerow Crane's-bill Geranium reflexum Geranium robertianum Herb Robert Geranium sanguineum Bloody Crane’s-bill

Globulariaceae Globularia Family Globularia bisnagarica Common Globularia Globularia cordifolia Matted Globularia Globularia meridionalis

Grossulariaceae Gooseberry Family Ribes alpinum Mountain Currant

Hippocastanaceae Horse-chestnut Family Aesculus hippocastanum Horse-chestnut

Juglandaceae Walnut Family

Italy's Sibillini Mountains Tour Report

Scientific name Common name

Juglans regia Walnut

Lamiaceae Deadnettle Family Acinos alpinus Alpine Calamint Ajuga reptans Bugle Ballota nigra Black Horehound Clinopodium acinos Basil Thyme Clinopodium vulgare Wild Basil Glechoma hederacea Ground Ivy Lamium album White Dead-nettle Lamium amplexicaule Henbit Dead-nettle Lamium garganicum Large Red Dead-nettle Lamium maculatum Spotted Dead-nettle Lamium purpureum Purple Dead-nettle Marrubium vulgare White Horehound Mellitis melisophyllum Bastard Balm Rosmarinus officinalis Rosemary Salvia pratensis Meadow Clary Salvia verbenaca Wild Clary Scutellaria columnae a Skullcap Stachys recta Yellow Woundwort Stachys tymphaea Thymus praecox Thymus pulegioides Larger Wild Thyme

Linaceae Flax Family Linum alpinum Mountain Flax Linum capitatum Linum suffruticosum (tenuifolium) Linum viscosum

Lythraceae Purple Loostrife Family Lythrum salicaria Purple Loosestrife

Nymphaeaceae Water-lily Family Nymphaea alba White Water-lily

Oleaceae Olive Family Fraxinus angustifolia Narrow-leaved Ash Fraxinus excelsior Ash Fraxinus ornus Flowering Ash Ligustrum vulgare Privet Olea europaea Olive

Orobanchaceae Broomrape Family Orobanche alba Thyme Broomrape Orobanche caryophyllacea Clove-scented Broomrape Orobanche gracilis Graceful Broomrape Orobanche minor Common Broomrape

Paeoniaceae Peony Family Paeonia officinalis A Peony

14 © Naturetrek

Italy's Sibillini Mountains Tour Report

Scientific name Common name

Papaveraceae Poppy Family Chelidonium majus Greater Celandine Papaver rhoeas Common Poppy

Plantaginaceae Plantain Family Plantago arenaria Branched Plantain Plantago argentea Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain Plantago major Greater Plantain Plantago media Hoary Plantain

Plumbaginaceae Thrift Family Armeria canescens

Polygalaceae Milkwort Family Polygala major Large Milkwort Polygala vulgaris

Polygonaceae Knotweed Family Oxyria digyna Mountain Sorrel Rumex acetosella Sorrel Rumex alpinus Monk's Rhubarb Rumex hydroplanthum Water Dock Rumex scutatus

Primulaceae Primrose Family Anagallis arvensis Scarlet Pimpernel Androsace villosa a Hairy Rock-jasmine Cyclamen hederifolium Ivy-leaved Sowbread Cyclamen repandum Spring Cyclamen Primula elatior Oxlip Primula veris Cowslip Primula vulgaris Primrose

Pyrolaceae Wintergreen Family Pyrola media Intermediate Wintergreen

Ranunculaceae Buttercup Family Aconitum lycoctonum subsp. neapolitanum Wolfsbane Anemone ranunculoides Yellow Anemone Aquilegia vulgaris Columbine Clematis flammula Fragrant Clematis Clematis recta a Clematis Clematus vitalba Old Man's Beard Consolida regalis Forking Larkspur Helleborus foetidus Stinking Hellebore Helleborus bocconei* a Hellebore Helleborus odorus - Hepatica nobilis Hepatica Pulsatilla alpina Alpine Pasque Flower Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup Ranunculus arvensis Corn Buttercup Ranunculus bulbosus Bulbous Buttercup

Italy's Sibillini Mountains Tour Report

Scientific name Common name

Ranunculus millefoliatus a Buttercup Ranunculus sceleratus Celery-leaved Buttercup Ranunculus velutinus a Buttercup Thalictrum aquilegifolium Great Meadow Rue

Resedaceae Mignonette Family Reseda alba White Mignonette Reseda lutea Wild Mignonette

Rhamnaceae Buckthorn Family Rhamnus alpinus Alpine Buckthorn Rhamnus catharticus Buckthorn Rhamnus pumilis

Rosaceae Rose Family Alchemilla nitida an Alpine Lady's-mantle Aphanes australis Slender Parsley-piert Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn Filipendula vulgaris Fragaria vesca Wild Strawberry Malus sylvestris Crab Apple Potentilla crantzii Potentilla recta Sulphur Cinquefoil Prunus domestica Bullace Prunus mahaleb St Lucie’s Cherry Prunus spinosa Blackthorn Rosa canina A Rose Rosa pendulina Alpine Rose Rosa spinosissima Burnet Rose Sanguisorba minor Salad Burnet Sorbus aria Whitebeam Sorbus aucuparia Mountain Ash

Rubiaceae Bedstraw Family Asperula taurina Southern Woodruff Cruciata laevipes Crosswort Galium aparine Cleavers Galium lucidum Galium mollugo Hedge Bedstraw Galium tricornutum Corn Cleavers Rubia peregrina Wild Madder Sheradia arvensis Field Madder

Salicaceae Willow Family Salix alba Salix caprea Salix cinerea Grey Willow Salix eleagnos

Santalaceae Sandalwood Family Thesium pyrenaicum Pyrenean Bastard Toadflax

Italy's Sibillini Mountains Tour Report

Scientific name Common name

Saxifragaceae Saxifrage Family Saxifraga aizoides Yellow Mountain Saxifrage Saxifraga bulbifera Bulbous Saxifrage Saxifraga callosa Thick-leaved Saxifrage Saxifraga granulata Meadow Saxifrage Saxifraga paniculata Live-long Saxifrage Saxifraga porophylla* Apennine Saxifrage Saxifraga rotundifolia Round-leaved Saxifrage

Scrophulariaceae Figwort Family Cymbalaria muralis Ivy-leaved Toadflax Cymbalaria pallida Large Ivy-leaved Toadflax Digitalis ferruginea Brown Foxglove Digitalis lutea Small Yellow Foxglove Digitalis purpurea Foxglove Linaria purpurea Purple Toadflax Pedicularis comosa Crested Lousewort Pedicularis hoemanniana Pedicularis tuberosa Long-beaked Yellow Lousewort Rhinanthus minor Yellow Rattle Scrophularia canina Dog (French) Figwort Scrophularia peregrina Nettle-leaved Figwort Scrophularia scopolii Italian Figwort Scrophularia vernalis Yellow Figwort Verbascum longifolium Verbascum pulverulentum Hoary Mullein Verbascum thapsus Aaron’s Rod Veronica arvensis Wall Speedwell Veronica beccabunga Veronica montana Wood Speedwell Veronica orsiniana Veronica prostrata Prostrate speedwell

Solanaceae Nightshade Family Atropa bella-donna Deadly Nightshade Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet Solanum nigrum Black Nightshade

Thymelaceae Daphne Family Daphne laureola Spurge Laurel

Tiliaceae Tilia cordata Small-leaved Lime Tilia platyphyllos Large-leaved Lime

Ulmaceae Elm Family Ulmus glabra An Elm Ulmas minor Small-leaved Elm

Urticaceae Nettle Family Parientaria judaica Pellitory of the Wall Parietaria officinalis Large Pellitory of the wall Urtica dioica Nettle

Italy's Sibillini Mountains Tour Report

Scientific name Common name

Urtica pilulifera Roman Nettle

Valerianaceae Valerian Family Centranthus ruber Red Valerian Valeriana officinalis Valerian Valeriana tripteris Three-leaved Valerian Valeriana tuberosa Tuberous Valerian

Violaceae Violet Family Viola canina Heath Dog Violet Viola eugeniae* a Mountain Pansy Viola odorata Sweet Violet

Vitaceae Grape-vine Family Vitis vinifera Grape-vine

Liliidae (Monocotyledons)

Araceae Arum Family Arum italicum subsp. italicum Large Cuckoo Pint Arum maculatum Cuckoo Pint

Dioscoreaceae Black Bryony Family Tamus communis Black Bryony

Iridaceae Iris Family Gladiolus italicus Field Gladiolus Iris pseudacorus Yellow Flag

Liliaceae Lily Family Allium ursinum Ransoms Asparagus acutifolius an Asparagus Asparagus officinalis Asparagus Asphodelus albus White Asphodel Colchicum lusitanum Lilium bulbiferum Orange Lily Lilium martagon Martagon Lily Muscari neglectum Dark Grape Hyacinth Narcissus poeticus Pheasant’s-eye Daffodil Ornithogalum umbellatum Common Star of Bethlehem Ornithogalum pyrenaicum Bath Asparagus Polygonatum multiflorum Solomon's Seal Polygonatum odoratum Ruscus aculeatus Butcher’s-broom Ruscus hypoglossum Larger Butcher's-broom Scilla bifolia Alpine Squill Tulipa sylvestris

Orchidaceae Orchid Family Anacamptis (Orchis) morio Green-winged Orchid Anacamptis morio subsp. picta (Orchis picta) Mediterranean Green-winged Orchid Anacamptis pyramidalis Pyramidal Orchid Cephalanthera damasonium White Helleborine

Italy's Sibillini Mountains Tour Report

Scientific name Common name

Cephalanthera longifolia Sword-leaved Helleborine Corallorhiza trifida Coralroot Orchid Dactylorhiza fuchsii Common Spotted Orchid Dactylorhiza maculata Heath Spotted Orchid Dactylorhiza saccifera Wedge-lipped Orchid Dactylorhiza sambucina Elderflower Orchid Dactylorhiza (Coleoglossum) viridis Frog Ochid Epipactis helleborine Broad-leaved Helleborine Epipactis purpurata Violet Helleborine Gymnadenia conopsea Fragrant Orchid Himantoglossum adriaticum Adriatic Lizard Orchid Limodorum abortivum Violet Bird's-nest Orchid Neotinea maculata (Orchis intacta) Dense-flowered Orchid Neotinea (Orchis) tridentata Toothed Orchid Neotinea (Orchis) ustulata Burnt Orchid Neottia nidus-avis Bird’s Nest Orchid Ophrys apifera Bee Orchid Ophrys apulica Ophrys bertolonii Bertoloni’s Bee Orchid Ophrys fuciflora Late Spider Orchid Ophrys fusca Sombre Bee Orchid Ophrys sphegodes Early Spider Orchid Orchis anthropophora Man Orchid Orchis mascula Early Purple Orchid Orchis pallens Pale Orchid Orchis pauciflora Sparse-flowered Orchid Orchis purpurea Lady Orchid Platanthera chlorantha Greater Butterfly Orchid

Poaceae Grass Family Anisantha sterilis Barren Brome Bromus hordeaceus Soft-brome

Birds (= recorded but not counted; H = heard only) June Common name Scientific name 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 Common Quail Coturnix coturnix H H 2 Common Pheasant Phasianus colchicus H 3 Mallard Anas platyrhynchos 4 4 Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis 1 5 Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus 3 6 Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo ssp. sinensis 6 7 Eurasian Bittern Botaurus stellaris H 8 Little Bittern Ixobrychus minutus 2 9 Black-crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax 2 10 Grey Heron Ardea cinerea  11 Purple Heron Ardea purpurea 5 12 European Honey Buzzard Pernis apivorus 4 13 Western Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus 1 14 Montagu's Harrier Circus pygargus 1 1 15 Common Buzzard Buteo buteo 4 5 2 1 8 16 Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos 1

Italy's Sibillini Mountains Tour Report

June Common name Scientific name 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 17 Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus 1 2 2 1 6 18 Eurasian Hobby Falco subbuteo 2 1 19 Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus 1 20 Water Rail Rallus aquaticus H 21 Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus 2 22 Eurasian Coot Fulica atra  23 Yellow-legged Gull Larus michahellis 1 24 Rock Dove/Feral Pigeon Columba livia         25 Common Wood Pigeon Columba palumbus         26 European Turtle Dove Streptopelia turtur H 2 27 Eurasian Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto         28 Common Cuckoo Cuculus canorus H H 1 H H 1 29 Tawny Owl Strix aluco H H H H H H 30 Common Swift Apus apus         31 Eurasian Hoopoe Upupa epops 1 32 Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major 1 1 33 European Green Woodpecker Picus viridis H H 34 Red-backed Shrike Lanius collurio 2 2 2 35 Eurasian Golden Oriole Oriolus oriolus H 36 Eurasian Jay Garrulus glandarius 2 1 H 1 2 1 2 37 Eurasian Magpie Pica pica  38 Red-billed Chough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax 2 2 4 39 Alpine Chough Pyrrhocorax graculus 8 40 Western Jackdaw Coloeus monedula        41 Hooded Crow Corvus cornix         42 Coal Tit Periparus ater   2   43 Great Tit Parus major     44 Eurasian Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus   H  45 Marsh Tit Poecile palustris 1 1 46 Long-tailed Tit Aegithalos caudatus 4 47 Woodlark Lullula arborea H 48 Eurasian Skylark Alauda arvensis 10   49 Crested Lark Galerida cristata 2 50 Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica      51 Eurasian Crag Martin Ptyonoprogne rupestris 2 3 52 Common House Martin Delichon urbicum  6     53 Common Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita H H 3 H H H 54 Western Bonelli's Warbler Phylloscopus bonelli H 2 55 Wood Warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix H H 56 Great Reed Warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus 6 57 Eurasian Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus 12 58 Eurasian Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla         59 Common Whitethroat Sylvia communis 2 1 H 60 Common Firecrest Regulus ignicapilla  2       61 Eurasian Wren Troglodytes troglodytes H H H  H H H 62 Eurasian Nuthatch Sitta europaea 1 H 63 Short-toed Treecreeper Certhia brachydactyla H 64 Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris         65 Common Blackbird Turdus merula         66 Song Thrush Turdus philomelos 1 67 Mistle Thrush Turdus viscivorus 1

Italy's Sibillini Mountains Tour Report

June Common name Scientific name 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 68 European Robin Erithacus rubecula H H H H 69 Common Nightingale Luscinia megarhynchos H H 70 Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros 2 H 4 4 71 Common Redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus 4 6 4 H 2 6 72 European Stonechat Saxicola rubicola 2 73 Northern Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe 6 2 8 74 Common Rock Thrush Monticola saxatilis 3 1 H 75 White-throated Dipper Cinclus cinclus 2 76 Italian Sparrow Passer italiae   77 Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passer montanus 6 20 78 Ashy-headed Yellow Wagtail Moticilla flava cinereocapilla 2 79 Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea 2 2 2 80 White Wagtail Motacilla alba 2     81 Tawny Pipit Anthus campestris 2 2 1 82 Tree Pipit Anthus trivialis 1 H 83 Water Pipit Anthus spinoletta 2 2 84 Common Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs  H H H  85 European Serin Serinus serinus        86 European Greenfinch Chloris chloris  H  87 European Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis       88 Common Linnet Linaria cannabina      89 Corn Bunting Emberiza calandra 1 2 6 90 Rock Bunting Emberiza cia 4 91 Ortolan Bunting Emberiza hortulana 3 H 92 Cirl Bunting Emberiza cirlus 1 H H H H

Butterflies

Clouded Apollo, Parnassius mnemosyne Scarce Swallowtail, Iphiclides podalirius Swallowtail, Papilio machaon Black-veined White, Aporia crataegi Large White, Pieris brassicae Small White, Pieris rapae Southern Small White, Pieris mannii Mountain Small White, Pieris ergane Green-veined White, Pieris napi Provence Orange Tip, Anthocharis euphenoides Orange Tip, Anthocharis cardamines Berger's Clouded Yellow, Colias alfacariensis Brimstone, Gonepteryx rhamni Wood White, Leptidea sinapis Green Hairstreak, Callophrys rubi Small Copper, Lycaena phlaeas Purple-edged Copper, Lycaena hippothoe Little Blue, Cupido minimus Osiris Blue, Cupido osiris Holly Blue, Celastrina argiolus Green-underside Blue, Glaucopsyche alexis Large Blue, Maculinea arion Silver-studded Blue, Plebejus argus Idas Blue, Plebejus idas Geranium Argus, Eumedonia eumedon Mazarine Blue, Cyaniris semiargus Common Blue , Polyommatus icarus Adonis Blue, Lysandra bellargus Turquoise Blue, Plebicula dorylas Brown Argus, Aricia agestis Duke of Burgundy , Hamearis lucina Southern White Admiral, Limenitis reducta Large Tortoiseshell, Nymphalis polychloros Small Tortoiseshell, Aglais urticae Peacock Butterfly, Inachis io Red Admiral, Vanessa atalanta Painted Lady, Vanessa cardui Comma Butterfly, Polygonia c-album Southern Comma, Polygonia egea Glanville Fritillary, Melitaea cinxia Spotted Fritillary, Melitaea didyma Heath Fritillary, Mellicta athalia

Italy's Sibillini Mountains Tour Report

Grison's Fritillary, Mellicta varia Marsh Fritillary, Euphydryas aurinia Queen of Spain Fritillary, Issoria lathonia Pearl-bordered Fritillary, Boloria euphrosyne Speckled Wood , Pararge aegeria Wall Brown, Lasiommata megera Large Wall Brown, Lasiommata maera Eastern Large Heath, Coenonympha rhodopensis Small Heath, Coenonympha pamphilus Pearly Heath, Coenonympha arcania Meadow Brown, Maniola jurtina Sooty Ringlet, Erebia pluto Esper's Marbled White, Melanargia russiae Dingy Skipper, Enynnis tages Grizzled Skipper, Pyrgus malvae Olive Skipper, Pyrgus serratulae Rosy Grizzled Skipper, Pyrgus onopordi Red-underwing Skipper, Spialia sertorius Small Skipper, Thymelicus sylvestris Large Skipper, Ochlodes sylvanus

Moths

6-Spot Burnet, Zygaena filipendulae Transparent Burnet, Zygaena purpuralis Small Emerald, Hemistola chrysoprasaria Latticed Heath, Chiasmia clathrata Speckled Yellow, Pseudopanthera macularia Hummingbird Hawkmoth, Macroglossum stellatarum Mother Shipton, Callistege mi Burnet Companion, Euclidia glyphica Black-veined Moth, Siona lineata Chimney Sweeper, Odezia atrata The Forester, Adscita statices

Amphibians & Reptiles

Italian Pool Frog, Rana bergeri European Green Lizard, Lacerta bilineata Common Wall Lizard, Podarcis muralis Italian Wall Lizard, Podarcis sicula Italian Three-toed Skink, Chalcides chalcides