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Sahraoui Imene Et Siouani Imane .Pdf République Algérienne Démocratique et Populaire Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de La Recherche Scientifique Université L’Arbi Ben Mhidi Oum El Bouaghi Faculté Des Sciences Exactes Et Des Sciences de La Nature et de la Vie Département Des Sciences de La Nature et de la Vie N° d’ordre……………… N°de série…………….. Mémoire Présenté pour l’obtention du diplôme de Master Filière : Sciences biologiques Option : Biotechnologie végétale Thème Diversité des activités biologiques de quelques plantes médicinales Globularia alypum L. et Mentha rotundifolia L. Présenté par : Sahraoui Imene et Siouani Imane Devant le jury : Président : Mr Chekara Bouziani Mohammed M.A.A Université Oum el Bouaghi Rapporteur : Mme Malki Samira M.C.B Université Oum el Bouaghi Examinateur : Mme Amokrane Assia M.A.A Université Oum el Bouaghi Année universitaire : 2019-2020 Dédicace : Toutes les lettres ne sauraient trouver les mots qu’il faut…Tous les mots ne sauraient exprimer la gratitude, l’amour, le respect, la reconnaissance… Aussi, c’est tout simplement que je dédie ce modeste travail…. A mes chers parents (Rabah et Sonia) Aucune dédicace ne saurait exprimer mon respect, mon amour éternel et ma considération pour les sacrifices que vous avez consenti pour mon instruction et mon bien être. Que ce modeste travail soit l’exaucement de vos vœux tant formulés, le fruit de vos innombrables sacrifices, bien que je ne vous en acquitterai jamais assez Puisse Dieu, le Très Haut, vous accorder santé, bonheur et longue vie et faire en sorte que jamais je ne vous déçoive. A mon cher mari (Med Cherif) Mon conseiller, et ami fidèle qui m’a assisté dans les moments difficiles et m’a pris doucement par la main pour traverser ensemble des épreuves pénibles… A mes chères adorables sœurs et frère Salah Eddine le généreux, Maria la prunelle de mes yeux et ma petite adorable Rihem A mon amie intime Safa En souvenir de notre sincère et profonde amitié et des moments agréables que nous avons passés ensemble. A mon binôme Imene et a toute ma promo 2020 Master 2 BTV que j’ai passé avec des moments inoubliables malgré la courte duré que je les ai rencontré. Sahraoui imene Dédicaces Les louanges sont à Allah seigneur des mondes qui ma comblé de grâce en me permettant d’achever en bonne santé ce modeste travail que je dédie : Ma chère mère (Biya), mon cher père (Med Tayeb) Ceux que j’aime du fond de mon cœur, à qui je dois la vie et qui n’ont cessé, à aucun moment, de me soutenir et de m’encourager par leurs prières et leurs sacrifices. À ma sœur( Amira)et mes frères(kossay, Amin, Abdou), en particulier mon frère (Ismail) À ma tante(Ashika) et à mon oncle(Lekhmissi) pour leur amour et leur soutien. A mon cher ami qui m'a soutenu depuis le début de mes études (Med Nadjib) A mon binôme Imene, mes sœurs que Dieu m’a donné sur le chemin deL’aventure, touts les étudiants du Master BTV Siouani imane Remerciements : Tout d'abord, nous tenons à remercier le Dieu Tout-Puissant qui nous a apporté Donnez le courage, la patience et la force pour terminer ce travail. Tout d'abord, nous remercions tous les membres du jury de nous avoir accueillis Honorer ce travail: M. Shakra Bouziani Mohamed, Mme Amokran Assia. Nous remercions d'une manière très spéciale Mme Malki Samira, qui m'a supervisé Sa patience, sa bonne volonté et surtout ses sages conseils qui ont contribué à ma réflexion. Merci beaucoup au Prof. Dr. Hadef Ammar pour son aide, ses conseils et son soutien dans les moments difficiles. Nous remercions M. Belhouchat Ali pour son soutien moral depuis que nous avons rejoint l'Université Oum El Bouaghi. Enfin, nous tenons à remercier tous ceux qui ont participé directement ou indirectement à la réalisation de ce travail. I Table des matières Remerciements : ..................................................................................................................... I Liste des tableaux .................................................................................................................. II Liste des figures .................................................................................................................. IV Liste des annexes ................................................................................................................... V La Liste d’Abbreviation : ..................................................................................................... VI Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1 Chapitre I : Généralités sur le stress oxydatif: .........................................................................3 I. le stress oxydatif: ............................................................................................................. 5 I.1. Les radicaux libres : ...................................................................................................... 5 I.1.1. Définition des radicaux libres : ................................................................................... 5 I.1.2. Les principales espèces réactives de l’oxygène :......................................................... 5 I.2. Stress oxydant :............................................................................................................. 6 I.3. Les Anti oxydants : ....................................................................................................... 6 I.3. Les Anti oxydants : ....................................................................................................... 7 I.3.1. Enzymes antioxydantes : ............................................................................................ 8 I.3.2.Antioxydants non enzymatiques : ................................................................................ 8 Chapitre II : l’ espèce Globularia alypum L. ........................................................................ 9 II. La famille Globulariacea : ............................................................................................ 10 II. 1. Description botanique de la famille: .......................................................................... 10 II.1.1. Introduction: ........................................................................................................... 10 II.1.2. Aspect botanique et répartition géographique:......................................................... 10 II.2. Etude phytochimique de la famille Globularia:.......................................................... 14 II.2.1. Phytochimie: .......................................................................................................... 14 II.3. Usages traditionnels et activités biologiques: ............................................................. 14 II.3.1. Usages traditionnels: ............................................................................................... 14 II.3.2. Activités biologiques de la famille globulaire : ....................................................... 15 II. 3. L’espèce Globularia alypum L. : .............................................................................. 16 II.3.1 Description botanique de l’espèce: ........................................................................... 16 II.3.1.1. Introduction : ....................................................................................................... 16 6 II.3.1.2.Taxonomie :.......................................................................................................... 16 II.3.1.3. Dénominations:.................................................................................................... 16 II.3.2. Etude phytochimique et distribution géographique de Globularia alypum : ............. 17 II.3.2.1. Aspect botanique: ................................................................................................ 17 II.3.2.2. Distribution géographique et autécologie: ............................................................ 18 II 3.3. Usages traditionnels: ............................................................................................... 18 II 3.3.1.Usage mondial: ..................................................................................................... 18 II 3.3.2. Utilisation traditionnelle locale: ........................................................................... 19 II.3.4. Composition phytochimique de Globularia alypum L: ............................................ 19 II.3.5. Composition chimique de l’huile essentielle de Globularia alypum: ....................... 22 II 3.5.1. Comparaison de la composition chimique de l’HE de Globularia alypum extraite avec les essences de l’est algérien : ................................................................................... 23 II.3.5.2.Composition chimique de l’HE de Globularia alypum du Nord-est algérien .......... 25 Tableau ............................................................................................................................. 27 II.3.6. Les activités biologiques de Globularia alypum: ..................................................... 28 II 3.6.1. L’activité Antioxydant : ....................................................................................... 28 II 3.6.1.1.Pouvoir réducteur : ............................................................................................ 29 II 3.6.1.2. Activité anti radicalaire : ................................................................................... 30 II 3.6.2. Activité anti diabète : ..........................................................................................
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