1st to 3rd Grade

Dinosaurs of the Sea Marine Reptiles

D www.OurOceanAndYou.com 123 Who Lives In The Sea? Dinosaurs of the Sea: Marine Reptiles CONCEPT / TOPICS TO TEACH

Sea turtles and marine iguanas are examples of marine reptiles. There are many kinds of marine reptiles. Most marine reptiles have scaly skin, breathe air, are cold-blooded meaning they use surrounding air temperature to regulate their body temperature, and except snakes, possess four limbs. Everything marine reptiles eat is gathered from the sea. Many marine reptiles return to land only to rest or to bear offspring. There are many kinds of turtles that live in fresh water lakes, rivers and on land, but there are only seven species of marine turtles living in our ocean today. Marine turtle means a turtle “of the sea” or ocean environment. All marine turtles are on the endangered species list. Character Education: CURIOSITY Objectives: As student scientists you get to observe the world using your » Students will exercise their CURIOSITY. Scientists formulate many questions in order to create a creative and literacy skills by creating a marine reptile hypothesis, which is an idea or guess that can be tested. Have your and writing about its unique children go through life being scientists and using their CURIOSITY to qualities. foster learning!

» Students will interpret data CURIOSITY can be explained as a desire to know something, helping from a graph to answer a hold our interest in any subject. Children ask “why” all the time, yet series of questions about many adults do not know the answers to questions children are asking marine reptiles. and can unintentionally shut down children’s CURIOSITY. When children » Students will use a scientific ask questions, encourage them to discover the answers. When they tool called a dichotomous ask a “Why” question, you can say, “What do you think?” encouraging key to answer a series of them to learn, discover, and become natural problem solvers. questions enabling them to identify (using taxonomic principles) two species of Ocean Annie and Scuba Divers Have students share findings marine turtles. use CURIOSITY with their buddy by using body language and hand signals. Take » Students will find plot Scuba diving fosters CURIOSITY, your two fingers and point at coordinates on a map to yet we also need to follow rules locate and answer questions your eyes and then point to what so we do not get hurt. Have about the locations of you want them to see which your students get with their various marine reptiles. means, “Look at that! Check buddy teams and go scuba » Students will exercise their this out!” Have them create diving in their imagination. They creative skills and build questions about marine reptiles can explore the coral reef or vocabulary by creating a based on their CURIOSITY areas where marine reptiles live. sea turtle and writing new and encourage them to find vocabulary to complete a Remind them when we scuba the answers. This builds self- story. dive, we wear our regulator in confidence and independence our mouth to breathe. Review while keeping their CURIOSITY communication skills. alive!

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Getting Started Treasure Chest Required Materials • Algae • Carapace ❍ DVD “Who Lives In The Sea?” by • Cold Blooded Dive Into Your Imagination • Curiosity ❍ Large Dry Erase Board/Easel and Markers • Dermal • Flipper • Habitat Anticipatory Set Lead-In • Herpetologist ✧ Watch and become familiar with chapter four “Dinosaurs of the Sea: • Homeostasis Marine Reptiles” from the DVD “Who Lives In The Sea?” • Reptile • Shell ✧ Ask students if they can think of examples of land or marine reptiles. • Scute Marine reptiles are the special group of reptiles that live most of their • Thermoregulation lives in the sea. • Zoology ✧ Before running the film clip, ask students to imagine they are herpetologists, meaning they are scientists who specialize in the study of reptiles and work with their team to collect information about marine reptiles.

✧ For this activity you might choose to divide the class, half of them will be marine turtle investigators and the other half marine iguana investigators. Have them compare their findings. Here are some questions and answers you can use to build a brainstorming session: KWL LGL AG WP Questions for Students Answers for Educators

What kinds of animals Marine turtles, marine iguanas, sea snakes, and crocodiles are marine reptiles?

A wide variety of foods depending on species. Marine iguanas are vegetarian, turtles eat a variety of food and in some What do marine reptiles eat? cases what they like to eat depends on how old they are. Marine turtles eat jellies, sponges, eel grass, algae, scallops, fish, squid and sea urchins depending on the species.

Animals can mistake floating plastic for food and eat Why is plastic bad for it. When this happens it clogs their stomachs and marine reptiles? digestive systems eventually killing them.

What is different about how Marine iguanas swim by undulating their bodies and turtles and iguanas swim? tails. Turtles use their powerful flippers to swim.

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Video Review ✧✧ Ask students what else they want to know ✧✧ After watching the clip about marine reptiles about marine reptiles and write ideas down once or even a few times, discuss and for later research. write down additional facts, questions, and ✧✧ Ask students how it feels to be curious? information students gained from watching the How does curiosity help them in school? video for further research and discussion. With their homework? With Play? Encourage ✧✧ Ask students to write a reflection in their journal students to do the activities flled with about marine reptiles. curiosity. How will the mindset of being curious affect their behavior?

Imagination Play

Have your students imagine they are marine turtles. Many children love turtles, imagining they are a turtle or a field biologist studying marine turtles enables them to focus and pay attention to details as you go through the activities. You can read the following script or use your imagination and make your own!

“On the count of three let’s use our imagination and imagine we are marine turtles. 1, 2, 3… imagination! You spend almost all of your life living in the salty Ocean. You are a marine reptile and even though you live in the ocean or sea, you breathe air. You could hold your breath and dive underwater for up to seven hours as a turtle! Like many animals, if you get scared, you breathe quickly. As a turtle when this happens, you would need to immediately surface to breathe. Turtles rest in cracks and crevices on the reef, and sometimes can be found floating on the surface of the sea. Depending on your diet, you might feed on turtle grass, jellies, clams and scallops, or even sponges. Although you cannot move around very well on land, when you are in the water you glide through the sea using your flippers. You have to return to land to lay eggs. Your shell is connected to your skeleton and you never crawl out of your shell, it is attached to your body. Sometimes you swim through cleaning stations and damselfish or butterflyfish will eat algae and barnacles growing on your shell. Your relatives have been around since the time of dinosaurs! You need children to help you because all seven species of marine turtles are endangered! Let’s continue to use our imagination and curiosity to find out more about marine reptiles and waht we can do to help!”

Earth has one big ocean with many features covering 70% of the planet.

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CLASSROOM ACTIVITY STATION D1 WE LOVE MARINE REPTILES! Overview Students will choose and decorate or draw their favorite marine reptile, and use facts to write sentences or a story about it for a class bulletin board. Participation in this activity will help students develop artistic skills, vocabulary, writing skills, and reading comprehension.

Materials: Marine Reptile templates, “Marine Reptile Facts”, “Save the Reptiles”, butcher paper, bulletin board, paper, scissors, crayons/colored pencils, pencils, additional decorations

Talking Points Lesson Procedure ✧✧ Review “Marine Reptile Facts” 1. Use the templates to make a set of marine reptiles or help students cut out their own to ✧✧ Ask students if they can remember what kind use as stencils or coloring shapes. of reptiles live in the ocean. Have students share interesting facts, statements or 2. Prepare a bulletin board with butcher paper questions about marine reptiles. and the title “We Love Marine Reptiles”.

✧✧ Review with students points from the marine 3. Each student will create or choose a marine reptile fact sheets or ask discovery questions reptile cutout to decorate. relating to marine reptiles. 4. Arrange finished reptiles on the bulletin ✧✧ Ask students if they can think of ways they board, and post the reptile fact sheets with can help protect marine reptiles or their the respective animals, and the “Save the homes. Create a class list that can be added Reptiles” block in the center. to the bulletin board. Affirm the importance 5. Review marine reptile fact sheets with of stopping pollution, never purchasing students. things that come from marine reptiles like food or leather, and never disturbing animals 6. Ask students to incorporate facts they have like sea turtles when they are resting or learned about their selected marine reptile nesting on the shore. into sentences or a story. Add completed writing to the “Who Lives In The Sea” journal.

Scuba divers plan their dives and dive their plan. They also keep a journal!

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MARINE REPTILES FACT SHEET: Sea Turtles

Where Do Sea Turtles Live? What do Sea Turtles Eat?

»» Sea turtles live in the ocean all around the »» Different kinds of sea turtles have mouths world. that are shaped based on the kinds of foods they eat. »» Adults swim in shallow, coastal waters, bays, lagoons, reefs and estuaries. Some »» Some sea turtles are omnivores meaning turtles venture into the open sea and travel they eat whatever is in abundance. They will thousands of miles. eat both plants and animals. »» Young turtles may be found in bays and »» Certain kinds of sea turtles change their estuaries, and in open sea. eating habits as they grow from baby turtles to adults. »» Adults rest under coral or rock ledges and in crevices. Whenever turtles rest, they find a »» Some of the foods sea turtles eat include place they can tuck in and hide. algae, turtle grass, jellies, crabs, shrimp, scallops, fish, squid and sponge. »» Sea turtles can stay underwater for up to seven hours, but they always have to surface to breathe.

Sea Turtle Bodies Sea Turtles Need Help!

»» Sea turtles range in color and may be olive- »» Sea turtles return to land to lay eggs. green, yellow, greenish-brown, or black. Buildings and lights on the beaches disturb There are 7 species of marine turtles and the sea turtle nesting because it scares or easiest way to tell the different species apart confuses them. is by the scutes on their shells. »» In the ocean, sea turtles get accidently »» They are known for their large, streamlined caught in lines and nets used for fishing. shell and cannot pull their head or limbs »» Boats or other vehicles hit sea turtles when inside it to hide as land turtles can. they are resting on the surface. »» Sea turtles flippers are long and paddle-like, »» Sea turtles mistake plastic garbage for adapted for swimming. jellies. Plastic plugs up their digestive »» Sea turtles use their back flippers for system, they get sick and can die. steering. »» Some people steal eggs or kill turtles for »» Eyelids protect the sea turtle’s eyes. their meat or shells. »» Instead of teeth, sea turtles have beaks like a »» Laws help protect turtles like the bird that are shaped based on the food they Endangered Species Act (ESA) and eat. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). »» Sea turtles breathe air.

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MARINE REPTILES FACT SHEET: Marine Iguanas

Where Do Marine Iguanas Live? What Do Marine Iguanas Eat?

»» Marine iguanas live only around the »» Marine iguanas are mostly herbivores Galápagos Islands located off the coast of meaning they eat plants and algae in the Ecuador. ocean. »» Marine iguanas live around the coasts of the »» Algae and seaweed that iguanas like to eat islands on volcanic rocks. can be found on rocks near shore and at depth. »» The Galápagos Islands hosts marine iguanas of different size, shape and color. »» Often the iguanas have to make dives into water as deep as 30 feet to find the plants »» During the day marine iguanas rest in large and algae they like to eat. groups on rocks, warming themselves in the sun. When they have enough energy they »» Short, blunt snouts and small, razor-sharp enter the ocean to feed. teeth help them scrape the algae off rocks. »» Marine iguanas have been known to occasionally eat grasshoppers and crustaceans like shrimp and crabs, but the majority of their food is algae and plants.

Marine Iguanas Bodies Marine Iguanas Need Help!

»» Iguanas are ectotherms or “cold-blooded.” »» Predators like rats, cats, and dogs eat In order to help control their body marine iguana eggs and young. Rats, temperature marine iguanas must bask cats and dogs are invasive species in the in the sun for long periods of time to get Galapagos Islands meaning they have been warm. brought their by humans and are a threat to animals originally from the Galapagos. »» Marine iguanas spit out of their nose to get rid of salt they absorb through their body in »» Oil spills and marine pollution destroy food the ocean. They have a special gland that reserves and their homes on the shore. removes the salt from their body. The salt »» At one time a certain kind of algae that often lands on their heads, which looks like marine iguanas don’t eat grew so much, a white wig or spots after it dries. that the iguanas could not get their regular »» The tail of the marine iguanas is flattened in algae, and many animals died. These algae a way that helps them swim as they swish it did not belong in the area and is another from side to side like a squiggly “S”. type of invasive species. »» Long, sharp, curved claws permit the marine »» Marine iguanas are protected throughout iguana to hold fast to the lava rocks in the Galápagos and are considered heavy seas or while feeding underwater. vulnerable to extinction.

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MARINE REPTILES FACT SHEET: Saltwater Crocodiles

Where Do Crocodiles Live? What do Crocodiles Eat?

»» Saltwater crocodiles are found around the »» The saltwater crocodile eats a variety of coasts of Australasia, the Americas and animals. Africa. »» Young crocodiles often eat insects, amphibians, »» Saltwater crocodiles are strong swimmers reptiles, crustaceans, and small fish. and sometimes found in the open ocean, »» Adults feed on crabs, turtles, snakes, birds, very far from land. fish, buffalo, wild boar, and monkeys. »» They can travel long distances if needed. »» Saltwater crocodiles hide in the water Scientists have tracked them more than a exposing only their eyes and nose while they thousand miles by sea. wait for prey. »» They are also found in freshwater rivers »» When resting in wait for prey, saltwater and swamps near the ocean. Juveniles are crocodiles can look like submerged logs. raised in freshwater rivers during the wet season between November and March in »» Adult saltwater crocodiles have such Australia. The saltwater crocodiles will leave powerful jaws they can capture large prey the sea and travel up rivers that lead to the with a single snap of their mouths! ocean. Crocodiles Bodies Crocodiles Need Help!

»» The saltwater crocodile is the largest living »» Saltwater crocodile leather is in high reptile. Adult males can grow more than 20 demand, and though much of the leather feet long. comes from crocodile farms, these animals are also hunted in the wild for their skin. »» The head is large and features a pair of ridges running along the center of their snout. »» People are scared of crocodiles so killing due to fear is becoming an increasing »» The scales that cover the body are oval and problem. the scutes, bony plates, are small compared to other species. »» Wild buffalo in Australia were responsible for destroying a lot of nesting habitat »» The saltwater crocodile has a heavy-set jaw in the 1970s and 1980s. Although this with 64-68 teeth. particular problem has been controlled, »» They communicate by barks and are thought habitat destruction is an ongoing problem to display four different calls: a high-pitched through building and human population distress call, a hissing sound made at increase. intruders, the hatching call performed by »» Saltwater crocodiles are not yet officially newborns, and the courtship bellow. threatened, however in many countries »» Saltwater crocodiles are ectotherms and use populations have declined significantly. thermoregulation to maintain their body temperature. They cool themselves in water and warm themselves in the sun.

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MARINE REPTILES FACT SHEET: Sea Snakes

Where Do Sea Snakes Live? What do Sea Snakes Eat?

»» Sea snakes are widely distributed »» Sea snakes feed mainly on fishes and fish throughout the Indian and Pacific eggs, and have even been known to eat oceans. moray eels. »» Two kinds of sea snakes are found off the »» On occasion sea snakes have been known coast of America. to eat squid and cuttlefish. »» Sea snakes commonly prefer shallow, warm, »» Sea snakes have fangs with powerful venom coastal waters. They nest on shore but and are most closely related to cobras spend most of their lives in the sea. found on land.

Sea Snake Bodies Sea Snakes Need Help!

»» All true sea snakes have flattened tails that »» Sea snakes are often caught by accident in work like a paddle to help propel them fishing nets, and die as bycatch. through the water. »» Sea snake skin is used to produce high »» Sea snakes have nostrils on top of their quality exotic leather. There is a growing head so they do not have to lift their heads interest in using sea snakes for this from the water to breathe. purpose. »» True sea snakes give birth to live young in »» Chemical pollution in the ocean affecting the water as opposed to their egg-laying the chemistry of the ocean affects many relatives on land. animals that live near shore. »» They vary in length. Small adults may be 2 »» Fear drives humans to kill sea snakes feet long but larger ones can grow up to 6 because they do not understand the docile feet. nature of these beautiful animals. They are extremely venomous yet not aggressive. »» Habitat destruction through building and human population increase stresses sea snake nesting areas on shore.

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CLASSROOM ACTIVITY STATION D1 (Continued) WE LOVE MARINE REPTILES!

Extension Ideas Notes »»Have students illustrate the background to show the kind of environment their selected animal lives in. How do they use camouflage in the different environments?

»»Challenge students to see if they can come to class the following day and give a one minute speech about their animal.

»»Give students some time in an open space to see if they can move like their chosen animal. During this time they should interact with one another in their respective animal roles. Have part of the class be scientists and the other part marine reptiles. How do they act differently in each of the roles?

»»Brainstorm with students about ways they can help marine reptiles. Take one of their ideas and work on it as a class together. Children can take action and help sea turtles (or any other animal you choose). A child making a difference empowers them, builds self-esteem, and helps them create a relationship with nature.

The ocean creates oxygen, food, water and energy.

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CLASSROOM ACTIVITY STATION D2 HOW MANY MARINE REPTILES? Overview Students will practice working with a bar graph to answer questions about the number of marine reptiles scientists saw during a day of field work. Participation in this activity will provide students with an opportunity to become acquainted with bar graphs, practice using data and simple math to answer questions, and practice reading comprehension.

Materials: “How Many Marine Reptiles” pictograph

Talking Points Lesson Procedure ✧✧ Ask students to think of all the animals living 1. Photocopy “How Many Marine Reptiles” and in the ocean. Keep a list of responses. provide a copy to each student.

✧✧ Affirm there are many kinds of animals in the 2. Ask students to work independently or in ocean, and when there are a large variety buddy teams to use the data from the bar of plants or animals in an area, it is called graph to answer the questions. biodiversity. 3. Completed activities can be added to the ✧✧ The four kinds of marine reptiles have “Who Lives In The Sea” journal. relatives that live on land and within each of these categories there are different species of each. Therefore, the ocean is a diverse place, and nearly any animal found on land, has a representative member in the ocean, yet some animals live only in the ocean.

✧✧ Before beginning activity, encourage students to make sense of the graphs first, then they will persevere in solving them. During this activity they will analyze givens, constraints, relationships, and goals.

Always carry a sustainable seafood card with you in your wallet when grocery shopping or at a restaurant. You can get a sustainable seafood card from our website or by visiting your local aquarium.

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CLASSROOM ACTIVITY STATION D2 (Continued) HOW MANY MARINE REPTILES?

Extension Ideas Notes »»See if students can use objects to arrange their own bar graph. For example they could sort beads, dried beans, sequins or other crafting materials by color or shape, and paste them onto a page in bar graph format. They can also graph another animal chart based on their classmates and different pets people have at home. We want students to understand how using graphs and tables can be used to communicate information easily.

»»Have students write about what they learned in the lesson, and why what they learned is important. Visual, oral and written communication is important to master. Challenge students to apply these tools to an area in their lives. Completed writings can be added to the “Who Lives In The Sea” If not you, then who? We all journal. can make a difference in the world! Help keep the ocean healthy and clean! Turtles need it and so do you!

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CLASSROOM ACTIVITY STATION D3 DICHOTOMOUS TURTLES Overview Students will learn basics of the science called taxonomy, which is how biologists classify all living things based on similar physical qualities and characteristics. Students will have the opportunity to identify two unknown kinds of sea turtles using a scientific tool called a dichotomous key. Participation in this activity will provide students with an opportunity to learn about the science of taxonomy and practice deductive reasoning, logic, observation, and analytic skills.

Materials: Dichotomous Key provided in this lesson plan, “Turtle 1” wall chart provided in this lesson plan, “Turtle 2” wall chart provided in this lesson plan

Talking Points Lesson Procedure ✧✧ Taxonomy is the system scientists use to 1. Post both wall charts in an area where organize living things into groups based on students can readily view them. similar qualities and characteristics. 2. Photocopy and provide each student with ✧✧ The system of taxonomy relies on making the Turtle Dichotomous Key. observations about similar physical 3. Explain how to work through the questions characteristics of animals and also their on the Dichotomous Key. Have students subtle differences. begin with the first question on the key. The ✧✧ When scientists have two similar animals and answer to the first question directs them are uncertain of their identity, they can use to the question to be answered next. The a tool called a dichotomous key to attempt answer to each question will direct students to reveal the animal’s identity and family to a point where they can go no further relationship. and the answer of the animal in question is revealed. ✧✧ A dichotomous key is a system of if/then questions leading observers through a series 4. Follow the Dichotomous Key completely of steps to help them discover the identity of for Turtle 1, and then again for Turtle 2 to an unknown plant or animal. identify each animal.

✧✧ A dichotomous key might also leave gaps where scientists still have not made a conclusive identification. The ocean is 90% unexplored. We are still discovering things everyday about the physical and biological ocean.

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CLASSROOM ACTIVITY STATION D3 (Continued) DICHOTOMOUS TURTLES

Extension Ideas Notes »»Ask students to put one of their shoes into the middle of a circle. Have them observe ways the shoes are similar and different. Challenge students to see if they can come up with ways to organize the shoes based on similar characteristics. There will be many right answers, for example by color, shoes with laces, or by type such as gym shoes etc. This is a good opportunity to point out that the science of taxonomy is complicated and scientists often see different, and equally correct, ways to organize information about the living world.

»»Ask students to collect two objects during an outdoor play period such as rocks, leaves, sticks, etc. You can also have them do this with two other animals such as dogs or cats. Challenge them to write about the things that make those objects similar and also different and draw a conclusion as to whether they are more similar or dissimilar and whether it is likely they are closely related.

Scuba divers continue their education with extra classes. It is fun to learn new things!

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CLASSROOM ACTIVITY STATION D4 REPTILE-GO-SEEK Overview Students will search for marine reptiles using coordinates to locate them on a map. Participation in this activity will provide students with an opportunity to get acquainted with map skills, using deductive reasoning, and logic.

Materials: “Reptile-Go-Seek” activity sheet in this lesson plan

Talking Points Lesson Procedure ✧✧ We use a variety of maps in our daily lives. 1. Photocopy “Reptiles Go Seek” and provide GPS is on our phones, computers, and each student with a copy. tablets. Discuss with students all the different 2. Explain to students: ways they use maps and visual information in their lives. Why do they think it is important • The picture on their worksheet is a map. to be able to see information in this type of • They will use the numbers along the left way? side, and the letters along the bottom to find an intersection or coordinate. ✧✧ Everybody processes information in different ways. Some people learn audio/visually while • Students will write the name of the animal others by reading/writing. With the increase they find at each coordinate. in graphics and design in our world, we 3. Ask students to work individually or in are exposed to many more graphs, charts, buddy teams to locate the animals via their images, or graphics that explain information coordinates. in visual ways that are easy to see. 4. Completed worksheets can be added to the “Who Lives In The Sea” journal.

The ocean is a major influence on weather and climate.

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CLASSROOM ACTIVITY STATION D4 (Continued) REPTILE-GO-SEEK

Extension Ideas Notes »»Have students map their way to and from school. Instruct them to include names of roads, landmarks, distances, direction, etc. Most cars and computers have GPS built right into them. It is important that students learn how to read maps!

»»Ask students to make up sentences or stories about what the animals on their map are doing.

»»Ask students to bring maps to class, and practice finding various features and coordinates on each map.

»»Talk with students about the fact that there are different kinds of maps used for different things. One example is a topographic map that shows how earth’s surface is shaped in terms of high mountains, and low valleys. Some maps are even made by satellites! There are maps for temperature, geology, geography and more. When working on boats, we do not call maps by the same name as on land. Nautical maps are called charts. Charts are what we use to navigate from one place to another when on boats or submarines.

97% of our planet’s water is in the ocean.

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CLASSROOM ACTIVITY STATION D5 We stay healthy for diving by eating right, TURTLE TIME staying in shape and resting. Overview Students will create an egg crate turtle and use words to complete a story about the life of sea turtles. Participation in this activity will provide students with an opportunity to practice artistic skills, creativity, reading comprehension, and develop literacy.

Materials: “Turtle Time”, Egg crates or paper bowls if you want students to create larger turtles, green felt, green pipe cleaners, green beads with holes large enough to pass pipe cleaner through (2 per student), google eyes, paint (green, yellow, brown), scissors, hole punch, glue

Lesson Procedure 1. Prepare a workstation with items on the materials list.

2. Provide each student with one cup from an egg carton or a bowl, a pipe cleaner, and a pair of google eyes. Instruct students to paint the eggcup or bowl to resemble a turtle shell.

3. While paint dries, have students cut four flipper shapes from the green felt (affix them to the four corners of the egg cup when dry).

4. Help students string the pipe cleaner through one bead until it is centered, then twist the pipe cleaner to secure the bead in place. Continue to twist the length of pipe cleaner until the twisted portion measures about two inches.

5. Ask students to use the hole punch to place a hole in the egg cup where the head will go.

6. Instruct students to pass the pipe cleaner through the hole (leaving the bead on the outside to serve as the head).

7. Help students twist the pipe cleaner around the second bead to anchor the head in place and cut excess pipe cleaner away. If you leave some slack between the beads, the head can bob up and down.

8. Have students affix a pair of google eyes to the head.

9. Photocopy and provide each student with “Turtle Time”.

10. As students complete their turtles, ask them to work alone or in buddy teams to complete their “Turtle Time”.

11. Completed “Turtle Time” activities can be included in the “Who Lives In The Sea” journal.

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CLASSROOM ACTIVITY STATION D5 (Continued) TURTLE TIME Extension Ideas Notes »»Ask students to write sentences or a story about the turtle they designed incorporating facts they learned. Have students include the word curiosity into their story.

»»Have the students imagine they live in a shell. Students can design and write a description of their shell in their journals.

»»Arrange a school, beach, or river shoreline clean-up day. See if you can get local businesses to donate prizes for categories such as most garbage collected, strangest object collected, etc. or just get the community involved!

»»Have a class dialogue about how much plastic is used to pack lunches and challenge them to have a trash free lunch. Come up with a list of the plastics students might find in lunches (individual packs of applesauce, individually wrapped cheese, sandwich bags, and more). Then see if students can think of ways to replace those items with materials and containers that can be re-used.

»»Challenge students to think of ways they can reduce the amount of garbage that is created in the classroom and at their homes. Support them by implementing their ideas in your class. Have them write a letter to their parents outlining their ideas to reduce garbage at home. The ocean affects every human life, giving us oxygen, water and food!

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CLASSROOM ACTIVITY STATION D6 All major watersheds drain to the ocean. BOOK STALL Overview Students will build independent reading strategies and improve literacy by examining supplemental materials. Providing a reading or computer area where students can research and expand on the subject of the unit will also help develop vocabulary and increase language skills.

Materials: 3 index cards, books from the list in this lesson

Lesson Procedure: Character Education, Character Education: CURIOSITY CURIOSITY “Greet every experience you 1. Provide each child with three index cards. Ask them to have as if it is your first.” write down a question, something they are curious about and want to know about reptiles on each card. Explain Fine Art Prints, posters, that curiosity is the key ingredient of science. Scientists greeting cards and other always begin with a question they want to know more products are available to about. Encourage students to use books from the book decorate your classroom or stall (and computers if available) to research and find school while inspiring your answers to their questions. Answers to questions will be students with real ocean written on the reverse side of each card. animals and environmental scenes. 2. When the cards are completed, teacher can collect them and divide the class in half or arrange students into buddy This is a hawksbill turtle on a pairs to play a game of “Reptiles are Curious Critters” coral reef in Komodo National trivia. Park, Indonesia. See if students can find this on the world 3. Have them repeat the curiosity activity again, yet this time map. open your parameters. Have students name three things they are curious about and challenge them to learn more. Hawksbill Turtle, Komodo National Park, Indonesia

By reading books and researching about the ocean, you learn more and have more fun!

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Book Suggestions »»Davies, Nicola. One Tiny Turtle: Read and Wonder. »»Rustad, Martha. Sea Snakes. Ocean Life. Edina, Illus. Jane Chapman. Somerville, Massachusetts: Minnesota: Capstone Press, 2003. Print. Grades Candlewick, 2005. Print. Age 4-8. K – 2.

»»Gibbons, Gail. Sea Turtles. New York, New York: »»Seward, Homer. Sea Snakes. Vero Beach, Florida: Holiday House, 1998. Print. Age 4-8. Rourke Publishing, 1999. Print. Ages 8-12.

»»Jay, Lorraine A. Sea Turtle Journey: The Story of »»Sexton, Colleen. Sea Snakes, Blastoff Readers: a Loggerhead Turtle. Illus. Katie Lee. Norwalk, Snakes Alive. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Bellwether Connecticut: Soundprints, 1995. Print. Age 4-8. Media, 2010. Print. Ages 4-8.

»»Lasky, Kathryn. Interrupted Journey: Saving »»Simon, Seymour. Crocodiles & Alligators. New Endangered Sea Turtles. Sommerville, York, New York: HarperCollins, 2001. Print. Ages Massachusetts: Candlewick Press, 2006 4-8.

»»Rake, Jody S. Sea Snakes (Under the Sea). »»Tara, Lisa Stephanie. I’ll Follow the Moon. Illus. Lee Mankato, Minnesota: Capstone Press, 2007. Print. Edward Fodi. Dallas, Texas: Brown Books, 2005. Ages 4-8. Print. Age 4-8.

Closure and Follow Up Plan for Independent Practice ✧✧ Once students have experienced the learning stations, reflect with »»Review the word CURIOSITY with students and discuss them on how much knowledge how it relates to their character. Ask students if they can remember any questions they had before studying marine has been gathered about marine reptiles. Were they able to use scientific inquiry and reptiles. Take time to review figure out the answers to their own questions? Challenge and correct pervious incorrect students to use their CURIOSITY and think of other comments with newly learned questions. How can they figure out the answers to their facts. own questions? We are all scientists in our daily life. Have students recognize how they are all great problem solvers ✧✧ Take a moment to talk with and encourage this daily in your class! students about why people should »»Ask students to write a reflection about what they learned be concerned about pollution and with respect to marine reptiles. What did they like or habitat destruction. An example dislike about the lesson, what skills did they practice, could be how disrupting beaches why are the things they learned important, etc. Add the makes it hard or impossible for reflection to their “Who Lives In The Sea” journal. turtles to nest. Ask students to »»Select stories from the suggested reading list to read as a describe ways they think they can class or for self-study. help. »»Encourage students to think about ways that they can ✧✧ To reinforce the learning, examine create less garbage/waste each day because of the negative impact it has on our planet. Reduce is always the animals on the “Marine first! Challenge everyone to create trash free lunches. Reptiles” board, read from the fact sheets, review vocabulary, and »»Students can study and report on what kind of reptiles live write new words on a blackboard near their own homes as a descriptive activity. to discuss.

142 www.AnnieCrawley.com 1st to 3rd Grade

DVD TRANSCRIPT DINOSAURS OF THE SEA: MARINE REPTILES

Marine turtles are reptiles and spend most of their lives in the ocean. Their bodies are designed to survive in the water, streamlined with powerful flippers for hands and feet! They have been living on our planet since the time when the dinosaurs were roaming the earth!

Turtles can’t crawl out of their shells. The turtle’s shell is a part of its body and is made of more than sixty bones! Turtles eat all kinds of animals including sponges, clams and jellies. Some eat plants and others eat fish. It is really important we don’t litter into our oceans because turtles may confuse the plastic for a jelly. If a turtle eats human trash, especially plastic, he could get sick and may die.

Although turtles live in the ocean, they need to breathe air. Between breaths they can dive really deep and stay underwater for long periods of time!

How deep can you dive underwater? How long can you stay holding one breath?

The color patterns on the turtle’s scales, also called scutes, help camouflage them in the ocean. Can you see the turtle here?

Marine turtles are mainly solitary animals which means they live alone and only come together when they want to start a family.

Marine turtles are in the same family as marine iguanas. They are both cold-blooded animals with backbones. Turtles spend their time in water to regulate their temperature. But marine iguanas need to spend time on land lying in the sun to warm up. Once they are warm they will go into the ocean to feed on plants and algae.

Marine Iguanas swim with their tails. Turtles swim with their flippers. How do you swim underwater? What would you like to pretend to be while swimming in the sea? Use your imagination…what animal would you be?

www.OurOceanAndYou.com 143 Who Lives In The Sea? Go Blue! Ten Ocean Annie Tips to Help Our Environment and Marine Reptiles 1. Support marine reserves prohibiting fishing in water and on land where marine reptiles lay eggs and tend to offspring peacefully.

2. Dispose of garbage, especially plastic, properly. Eliminate and refuse to use plastic bags or single use plastic bottles.

3. Never buy souvenirs made with skin, bones, shells or other material that came from living animals.

4. If you like to fish, be sure never to discard fishing line or other gear properly where it can never end up in the water.

5. Know about and support laws that protect marine reptiles and their habitat like the Endangered Species Act (ESA) and Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES).

6. When you travel, do not collect plants or other living material to take home with you.

7. Spread the word! Tell everyone you know about how special marine reptiles are and what we can do to protect them.

8. Write a letter to your local, national or international governments who need to have laws in place to protect turtles.

9. Collect money as a class and donate it to a charity or scientist studying and helping marine reptiles. Contact us for a list!

10. Keep your curiosity alive, brainstorm other ways you can help marine reptiles and share your ideas with us!

144 www.AnnieCrawley.com Dinosaurs of the Sea: Marine Reptiles

Name Date

2013 © Dive Into Your Imagination® Who Lives In The 145 Sea?www.OurOceanAndYou.com herpetologist homeostasis hermoregulation zoology reptile shell scute algae carapace cold blooded curiosity dermal flipper habitat

146 D - TREASURE CHEST OF WORDS Who Lives In The Sea? 2013 © Dive Into Your Imagination® www.AnnieCrawley.com D1 - MARINE REPTILES - SEA TURTLE TEMPLATE 147 148 D1 - MARINE REPTILES - MARINE IGUANA TEMPLATE Who Lives In The Sea? 2013 © Dive Into Your Imagination® www.AnnieCrawley.com D1 - MARINE REPTILES - SALTWATER CROCODILE TEMPLATE149 150 D1 - MARINE REPTILES - SEA SNAKE TEMPLATE Who Lives In The Sea? 2013 © Dive Into Your Imagination® www.AnnieCrawley.com

ONE DAY OF FIELD WORK ONE DAY

Date

How Many Marine Reptiles?

Use the informationgraph to answer following questions. shown on the marine reptile MARINE ANIMALS IGUANAS OBSERVED SEA SNAKES SEA TURTLES CROCODILES Name Directions:

D2 - HOW MANY MARINE REPTILES? - PICTOGRAPH - FORM A151

Ocean Annie Super Scuba Challenge than they did on On a second day of work the scientists saw twice as many crocodiles did the scientists see on second day of work? the first day! How many crocodiles Show your thinking below. How many sea turtles did the scientists see in one day? How many marine iguanas did the scientists see in one day? and sea turtles did How many crocodiles the scientist see all together? How many sea snakes did the scientists see in one day? did scientists see the most? Which of the marine reptiles did scientists see the least? Which of the marine reptiles 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

152 Who Lives In The Sea? 2013 © Dive Into Your Imagination® www.AnnieCrawley.com

ONE DAY OF FIELD WORK ONE DAY

Date

How Many Marine Reptiles?

Use the informationgraph to answer following questions. shown on the marine reptile MARINE ANIMALS IGUANAS OBSERVED SEA SNAKES SEA TURTLES CROCODILES Directions: Directions: Name 153 D2 - HOW MANY MARINE REPTILES? - PICTOGRAPH - FORM B

Ocean Annie Super Scuba Challenge than they did times as many crocodiles On a second day of work the scientists saw three did the scientists see on second day of work? on the first day! How many crocodiles Show your thinking below. How many sea turtles and snakes did the scientists see in one day? did the scientists see in one day? marine iguanas than crocodiles How many more and sea turtles did the scientist see all together? How many crocodiles How many less sea snakes than iguanas did the scientists see in one day? did scientists see the most? Which of the marine reptiles did scientists see the least? Which of the marine reptiles did scientists see in one day? sea turtles than crocodiles How many more marine iguanas than sea snakes did scientists see in one day? How many more than marine iguanas did the scientists see? How many fewer crocodiles How many animals all together did scientists see in one day? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

154 Who Lives In The Sea? 2013 © Dive Into Your Imagination® www.AnnieCrawley.com

ONE DAY OF FIELD WORK ONE DAY

Date How Many Marine Reptiles?

Use the informationgraph to answer following questions. shown on the marine reptile MARINE ANIMALS IGUANAS OBSERVED SEA SNAKES SEA TURTLES CROCODILES Name Directions: D2 - HOW MANY MARINE REPTILES? - PICTOGRAPH - FORM C155 Ocean Annie Super Scuba Challenge than they did times as many crocodiles On a second day of work the scientists saw three did the scientists see on second day of work? on the first day! How many crocodiles Show your thinking below. How many sea turtles did the scientists see in one day? How many marine iguanas did the scientists see in one day? and sea turtles did the scientist see all together? How many crocodiles How many sea snakes did the scientists see in one day? did scientists see the most? Which of the marine reptiles did scientists see the least? Which of the marine reptiles did scientists see in one day? sea turtles than crocodiles How many more marine iguanas than sea snakes did scientists see in one day? How many more than arine iguanas did the scientists see? How many fewer crocodiles How many animals all-together did scientists see in one day? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

156 Who Lives In The Sea? 2013 © Dive Into Your Imagination® www.AnnieCrawley.com D3 - DICHOTOMOUS TURTLE ONE157 158 D3 - DICHOTOMOUS TURTLE TWO Who Lives In The Sea? 2013 © Dive Into Your Imagination® www.AnnieCrawley.com Mystery Turtle Dichotomous Key

Name Date

Directions: Study the picture of turtle number one. Work to identify the type of turtle that is pictured by using the key below. Each question will lead you closer to the answer as you follow down the key.

1. a. If specimen has a narrow head...... go to 2 b. If specimen has a wide head...... go to 3

2. a. If specimen has a hooked beak like a parrot...... go to 4 b. If specimen a straight, smooth beak...... go to 3

3. a. If the specimen has a serrated (jagged) beak...... go to 4 b. If the specimen has a pointy beak...... go to 5

4. a. If the specimen has five scutes down the middle of its shell...... go to 5 b. If the specimen has six scutes down the middle of its shell...... go to 6

5. a. If specimen has overlapping shell scutes...... go to 7 b. If specimen has no overlapping shell scutes...... go to 6

6. a. If specimen has scutes with a smooth edge...... go to 9 b. If specimen has scutes with a wavy edge...... go to 7

7. a. If specimen has shell scutes with a jagged edge...... go to 8 b. If specimen has shell scutes with a wavy, rippled edge...... go to 9

8. a. If specimen has 4 pairs of overlapping scutes along the top of its shell...... go to 10 b. If specimen has 6 pairs of overlapping scutes along the top of its shell...... go to 9

9. a. If specimen has 4 pairs of non-overlapping scutes along the top of its shell...... go to 10 b. If the specimen has 6 pairs of non-overlapping scutes along the top of its shell...... unknown animal

10. a. If specimen has one claw on its front flippers...... Green Sea Turtle b. If specimen has two claws on its front flippers...... Hawksbill Sea Turtle

D3 - DICHOTOMOUS TURTLE159 REPTILES GO SEEK

Name Date

Directions: In the scene below, there are a variety of marine reptiles. Follow the letter and number to the point where they meet to locate different animals. Record the name of the animal you find for each coordinate.

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

A B C D E F G

160 D4 - REPTILES GO SEEK Who Lives In The Sea? 2013 © Dive Into Your Imagination® www.AnnieCrawley.com 1. A1

2. C4

3. D3

4. G8

5. C7

6. B2

7. E7

8. F4

9. D8

10. G6

OCEAN ANNIE’S SUPER SCUBA CHALLENGE Ocean Annie needs to organize the pictures of the animals she saw in the ocean. Can you list them in alphabetical order?

Treasure Chest of Words Loggerhead turtle Sea snake Hawksbill turtle

Y THE JO THE OF G READIN Crocodile D AN G WRITIN Green turtle Leatherback turtle Marine Iguana

161 sea snake marine iguana crocodile sea turtle

162 D4 - REPTILES GO SEEK CARDS Who Lives In The Sea? 2013 © Dive Into Your Imagination® www.AnnieCrawley.com leatherback turtle loggerhead turtle hawksbill turtle green turtle

D4 - REPTILES GO SEEK CARDS 163 TURTLE TIME

Name Date

Directions: Read the paragraph below and use the treasure chest to find the word that best completes each sentence.

Turtles begin life as eggs buried in sandy on isolated beaches. Once the eggs finally the baby turtles must get away from land and find the quickly so a bird, cat or other land animal, does not eat them. Young sea turtles may swim for in their first weeks of life. It is hard for young sea turtles to find good places to from danger in the open ocean. Often, little sea turtles will simply pull their flippers close to their so they look like a floating leaf. Young sea turtles use floating objects and plants for .

As sea turtles get older, they use their sharp to eat sponge, crabs, jellies, and all kinds of other ocean goodies. Mother turtles return to the same beaches where they hatched to make nests for their . Sadly, many turtles mistake plastic for food and try to eat it. It is important to never throw your garbage on the ground, or in the .

TREASURE CHEST OF WORDS hide nests

Y THE JO OF READING AND water eggs WRITING body cover miles ocean beaks hatch

164 D5 - TURTLE TIME Who Lives In The Sea? 2013 © Dive Into Your Imagination® www.AnnieCrawley.com SAVE MARINE REPTILES! There are things we can do to help reptiles survive! 1. Support marine reserves prohibiting fishing in water and on land where marine reptiles can lay eggs and tend to offspring peacefully.

2. Dispose of garbage, especially plastic, properly. Eliminate using plastic bags or single use plastic bottles in your life.

3. Never buy souvenirs made with skin, bones, shells or other material that came from living animals.

4. If you like to fish, be sure never to discard fishing line or other gear where it can end up in the water.

5. Know about and support laws that protect marine reptiles and their habitat like the Endangered Species Act (ESA) and Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES).

6. When you travel, do not collect plants or other living material to take with you.

7. Spread the word! Tell everyone you know about how special marine reptiles are and what we can do to protect them.

8. Write a letter to your local, national or international governments who need to have laws in place to protect turtles.

9. Collect money as a class and donate it to a charity or scientist studying and helping marine reptiles. Contact us for a list!

10. Keep your curiosity alive, brainstorm other ideas that can help marine reptiles and share your ideas with us!

165 166 HAWKSBILL TURTLE Who Lives In The Sea? 2013 © Dive Into Your Imagination® www.AnnieCrawley.com GREEN TURTLE167 168 LEATHERBACK TURTLE Who Lives In The Sea? 2013 © Dive Into Your Imagination® www.AnnieCrawley.com LOGGERHEAD TURTLE169 170 PLASTIC - CUT OUTS 1 Who Lives In The Sea? 2013 © Dive Into Your Imagination® www.AnnieCrawley.com PLASTIC - CUT OUTS 2171 My Ocean Journal

Name Date

Today I learned...

172 Who Lives In The Sea? 2013 © Dive Into Your Imagination® www.AnnieCrawley.com C4 - NUDIBRANCHS GO THE DISTANCE FORM A FORM B FORM C 1. B 1. B 1. D 2. 4 inches 2. C, H and J 2. H and J 3. A 3. B and G 3. B and G 4. D 4. H 4. H 5. 7 inches 5. D 5. D 6. 7 6. C, H, J OCEAN ANNIE’S 7. 5 7. C SUPER SCUBA CHALLENGE 8. 6 8. None 20 inches 9. 3 10. 9 OCEAN ANNIE’S SUPER SCUBA CHALLENGE

OCEAN ANNIE’S 260 SUPER SCUBA CHALLENGE

53

D2 - HOW MANY MARINE REPTILES? FORM A FORM B FORM C 1. 6 1. 9 1. 30 2. 8 2. 4 2. 50 3. 10 3. 10 3. 60 4. 3 4. 5 4. 15 5. Marine Iguanas 5. Marine Iguanas 5. 60 6. Sea Snakes 6. Sea Snakes 6. Marine Iguanas 7. 2 7. Crocodiles OCEAN ANNIE 8. 5 8. 10 SUPER SCUBA CHALLENGE 9. 4 9. 35 8 10. 21 10. 115

OCEAN ANNIE OCEAN ANNIE SUPER SCUBA CHALLENGE SUPER SCUBA CHALLENGE

12 60

2013 © Dive Into Your Imagination® www.OurOceanAndYou.com 341 D3 - MYSTERY TURTLE DICHOTOMOUS KEY This key provides biological “clues” to identify a hawksbill and green sea turtle. Where appropriate, an “H” for hawksbill or a “G” for green sea turtle will appear after the characteristic to guide you to the correct answer.

1. a. If specimen has a narrow head (H)...... go to 2 b. If specimen has a wide head (G)...... go to 3

2. a. If specimen has a hooked beak like a parrot (H)...... go to 4 b. If specimen a straight, smooth beak...... go to 3

3. a. If the specimen has a serrated (jagged) beak (G)...... go to 4 b. If the specimen has a pointy beak...... go to 5

4. a. If the specimen has five scutes down the middle of its shell (G&H)...... go to 5 b. If the specimen has six scutes down the middle of its shell...... go to 6

5. a. If specimen has overlapping shell scutes (H)...... go to 7 b. If specimen has no overlapping shell scutes...... go to 6

6. a. If specimen has scutes with a smooth edge...... go to 9 b. If specimen has scutes with a wavy edge...... go to 7

7. a. If specimen has shell scutes with a jagged edge (H)...... go to 8 b. If specimen has shell scutes with a wavy, rippled edge...... go to 9

8. a. If specimen has 4 pairs of overlapping scutes along the top of its shell (H)...... go to 10 b. If specimen has 6 pairs of overlapping scutes along the top of its shell...... go to 9

9. a. If specimen has 4 pairs of non-overlapping scutes along the top of its shell (G)...... go to 10 b. If the specimen has 6 pairs of non-overlapping scutes along the top of its shell...... unknown animal

10. a. If specimen has one claw on its front flippers (G)...... Green Sea Turtle b. If specimen has two claws on it front flippers (H)...... Hawksbill Sea Turtle

342 www.AnnieCrawley.com 2013 © Dive Into Your Imagination®