DOCSLIB.ORG

Late Cretaceous) of Morocco : Palaeobiological and Behavioral Implications Remi Allemand

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Late Cretaceous) of Morocco : Palaeobiological and Behavioral Implications Remi Allemand Endocranial microtomographic study of marine reptiles (Plesiosauria and Mosasauroidea) from the Turonian (Late Cretaceous) of Morocco : palaeobiological and behavioral implications Remi Allemand To cite this version: Remi Allemand. Endocranial microtomographic study of marine reptiles (Plesiosauria and Mosasauroidea) from the Turonian (Late Cretaceous) of Morocco : palaeobiological and behavioral implications. Paleontology. Museum national d’histoire naturelle - MNHN PARIS, 2017. English. NNT : 2017MNHN0015. tel-02375321 HAL Id: tel-02375321 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02375321 Submitted on 22 Nov 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. MUSEUM NATIONAL D’HISTOIRE NATURELLE Ecole Doctorale Sciences de la Nature et de l’Homme – ED 227 Année 2017 N° attribué par la bibliothèque |_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_| THESE Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DU MUSEUM NATIONAL D’HISTOIRE NATURELLE Spécialité : Paléontologie Présentée et soutenue publiquement par Rémi ALLEMAND Le 21 novembre 2017 Etude microtomographique de l’endocrâne de reptiles marins (Plesiosauria et Mosasauroidea) du Turonien (Crétacé supérieur) du Maroc : implications paléobiologiques et comportementales Sous la direction de : Mme BARDET Nathalie, Directrice de Recherche CNRS et les co-directions de : Mme VINCENT Peggy, Chargée de Recherche CNRS et Mme HOUSSAYE Alexandra, Chargée de Recherche CNRS Composition du jury : M. JALIL, Nour-Eddine Professeur, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris Président du jury Mme WEISBECKER, Vera Lecturer, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Australia Rapporteur M. SCHEYER, Torsten Research Associate, Palaeontological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Rapporteur Switzerland M. BRISCHOUX, François Chargé de Recherche CNRS, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé, Université de La Examinateur Rochelle, France M. BUFFETAUT, Eric Directeur de Recherche CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France Examinateur Mme BARDET, Nathalie Directrice de Recherche CNRS, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France Directrice de Thèse Remerciements Cette thèse est le résultat des recherches que j’ai réalisées pendant trois ans au Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle. Trois ans…ça peut paraitre long mais en réalité c’est assez court et on donne surtout l’impression de courir après le temps (surtout sur la fin !). Le travail que j’ai effectué a été possible grâce à un grand nombre de personnes qui m’ont apporté leur aide et soutien, et avec qui j’ai interagi durant ces trois dernières années. Je tiens donc à prendre le temps ici de remercier toutes ces personnes qui ont, d’une manière ou une autre, permis à ce travail d’être ce qu’il est. Je voudrais tout d’abord remercier Nathalie Bardet, Alexandra Houssaye et Peggy Vincent, directrice et encadrantes de ma thèse, pour le rôle important que vous avez eu au cours de ces trois ans. Nathalie vous m’avez encadré durant mon stage de Master 2 qui portait sur la description d’un bassin de ptérosaure. Même si ce sujet de Master n’avait rien à voir avec le sujet de thèse, vous avez eu assez confiance en moi pour me proposer de continuer cette aventure. J’ai beaucoup apprécié de travailler sur cette thématique qui m’a permis de m’intéresser à des domaines très variés. Mon seul regret sera de n’avoir pu partir sur le terrain avec vous, j’aurai enfin pu vous tutoyer ! Alexandra, Peggy, si Nathalie a fait figure de "seconde mère" au cours de cette thèse, vous êtes considérées comme les "grandes sœurs". A vous trois, vous formez un "trio de choc". Je pense avoir beaucoup appris à vos côtés, et je ne vous remercierai jamais assez pour votre soutien au quotidien, votre disponibilité, vos conseils, votre patience (surtout quand je dois conclure ou que je suis trop négatif) et votre aide. Je tiens également à remercier les membres de mon comité de thèse Xavier Pereda Suberbiola, Marc Herbin, Damien Germain, ainsi que mon référent à l’école doctorale du MNHN, Antoine Zazzo, pour leur suivi et les conseils donnés afin de mener à bien ce travail. Je remercie sincèrement mes rapporteurs, Vera Weisbecker et Torsten Scheyer, ainsi que mes examinateurs, Nour-Eddine Jalil, François Brischoux et Eric Buffetaut d'avoir accepté de lire et d'évaluer le présent travail. J'espère sincèrement qu'il sera à la hauteur de vos attentes. 1 Je remercie le Labex BCDiv pour le financement de ce travail, et plus particulièrement Myriam Meziou et Anne-Cécile Haussonne pour m’avoir grandement facilité la vie quand il s’agissait de réserver des billets d’avions ou toute autre tâche administrative. Cette étude sur les endocrânes n’aurait pu être possible sans le matériel adéquat. Un immense merci à Renaud Boistel, Gheylen Daghfous, Anthony Herrel, et Alexandra Houssaye pour m’avoir prêté les nombreux scans qui ont été utilisés au cours de cette thèse. Je tiens également à remercier Erin Maxwell, Michael Polcyn ainsi que le Musée de Rhinopolis pour les prêts des spécimens fossiles. Un très grand merci à Miguel Garcia Sanz et à la plateforme AST-RX du MNHN pour la production des données CT. Toutes ces données ont été traitées à la salle d’imagerie 3D du CR2P. Je tiens vivement à remercier Florent Goussard pour m’avoir formé à l’utilisation de Mimics, pour avoir été présent à chaque fois que j’avais un problème et pour avoir galéré avec moi quand il a fallu exporter un fichier STL à partir de VG Studio Max. Merci également à Damien Germain pour m’avoir formé à l’utilisation de VG, je suis d’accord avec toi, le rendu 3D est bien meilleur que mimics mais ce n’est pas encore au point pour faire un pdf 3D (demande à Florent). Je remercie également Raphaël Cornette pour son aide et ses conseils lors des diverses manipulations sous le logiciel R, quand on te voit faire ça à l’air simple mais une fois qu’on est seul devant son ordi c’est une autre histoire. Cette thèse a été effectuée au sein du Centre de Recherches sur la Paléobiodiversité et des Paléoenvironnements (CR2P), UMR 7207 et département Histoire de la Terre, et au sein du laboratoire Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), UMR 7179 et département Adaptations du Vivant du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Je souhaite donc remercier leurs directrices respectives, Sylvie Crasquin et Fabienne Aujard pour m'avoir accueilli dans leurs laboratoires. Un très grand merci à toutes les personnes avec qui j’ai pu discuter et interagir au cours de ces années, notamment à Arnaud avec qui j’ai pu partager les longues heures à galérer en salle 3D, à Claire, Fabrice, Maxime, Charlène, Malcolm, Constance, François, Valentin, Bérengère, Eli, Donald, Thomas, Julien, Martial (mon premier colocataire de bureau), Séverine, Marion, Léo, Ameline, Ronan, Colas, Yohan, Véronique, Sandrine, Renaud. Je m'excuse par avance pour toute personne qui aurait été oubliée. Ce n'est bien évidement pas volontaire mais plutôt à mettre sur le compte d’une écriture tardive des remerciements (pourtant on m’avait prévenu de tenir une liste…). 2 Je tiens particulièrement à remercier toute l’équipe de "Palbot". Vous êtes en grande partie responsable du fait que l’on se sente vite comme chez soi dans ce bâtiment. Merci à Dario, Olivier, Eloïse, Marc, Jean, Anaïs, Sandra. Merci pour ces moments partagés. Merci pour votre soutient, vos petits mots d’encouragement. Je me dois de remercier tout particulièrement les thésards, post-doc et membres occasionnels de la "Palbot", mon actuel colocataire de bureau Cédric, Mélanie, Guillaume, Yingying, Julien, Pauline, Hugo. Ces moments partagés avec vous ont été très agréables, j’espère très vite fêter le rendu de thèse au cours d’un "afterwork" que Cédric nous aura planifié. Je tiens également à remercier mes parents, mes sœurs ainsi que toute ma famille pour votre soutien et l’intérêt que vous avez porté à mon travail. Un très grand merci à tous les amis "hors muséum" avec qui j’ai toujours autant de plaisir à discuter du métier si peu ordinaire de paléontologue. Merci de montrer autant d’intérêt dans ce que je fais. Un très grand merci à Anouck pour ton soutien, ton aide au moment de l’écriture, et pour ta présence tout au long de cette aventure. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ...................................................................................................... 8 Abbreviations of the institutions .................................................................. 13 Chapter 1 Mosasauroidea (Squamata) and Plesiosauria (Sauropterygia): Phylogenetical context, paleobiology and paleoecology ............................. 14 1.1. Mosasauroidea (Squamata) ....................................................................................... 15 1.2. Plesiosauria (Sauropterygia) ..................................................................................... 19 Chapter 2 Goulmima, an exceptionally preserved outcrop from the Turonian (Late Cretaceous) of Southern Morocco .................................... 25 2.1. Geographical and stratigraphical contexts ................................................................ 27 2.2.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Foramina in Plesiosaur Cervical Centra Indicate a Specialized Vascular System
    Foss. Rec., 20, 279–290, 2017 https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-20-279-2017 © Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Foramina in plesiosaur cervical centra indicate a specialized vascular system Tanja Wintrich1, Martin Scaal2, and P. Martin Sander1 1Bereich Paläontologie, Steinmann-Institut für Geologie, Mineralogie und Paläontologie, Universität Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany 2Institut für Anatomie II, Universität zu Köln, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9, 50937 Cologne, Germany Correspondence: Tanja Wintrich ([email protected]) Received: 16 August 2017 – Revised: 13 November 2017 – Accepted: 14 November 2017 – Published: 19 December 2017 Abstract. The sauropterygian clade Plesiosauria arose in the 1 Introduction Late Triassic and survived to the very end of the Cretaceous. A long, flexible neck with over 35 cervicals (the highest 1.1 Sauropterygian evolution and plesiosaur origins number of cervicals in any tetrapod clade) is a synapomor- phy of Pistosauroidea, the clade that contains Plesiosauria. Plesiosauria are Mesozoic marine reptiles that had a global Basal plesiosaurians retain this very long neck but greatly distribution almost from their origin in the Late Triassic reduce neck flexibility. In addition, plesiosaurian cervicals (Benson et al., 2012) to their extinction at the end of the have large, paired, and highly symmetrical foramina on the Cretaceous (Ketchum and Benson, 2010; Fischer et al., ventral side of the centrum, traditionally termed “subcentral 2017). Plesiosauria belong to the clade Sauropterygia and foramina”, and on the floor of the neural canal. We found are its most derived and only post-Triassic representatives, that these dorsal and the ventral foramina are connected by being among the most taxonomically diverse of all Meso- a canal that extends across the center of ossification of the zoic marine reptiles (Motani, 2009).
    [Show full text]
  • Carpenter 1999 EL PLESIOSAURIO DE VILLA DE LEYVA (BOYACÁ, COLOMBIA)
    Boletín de Geología Vol. 23, No. 38, Enero-Junio de 2001 Callawayasaurus colombiensis (Welles) Carpenter 1999 EL PLESIOSAURIO DE VILLA DE LEYVA (BOYACÁ, COLOMBIA). ¿UN NUEVO ESPÉCIMEN? Jerez Jaimes, J. H1.; Narváez Parra, E. X1. RESUMEN En los depósitos del Cretácico (Aptiano) de Villa de Leyva se han reportado dos especies de plesiosaurios, un pliosaurio Kronosaurus boyacensis Hampe 1992, y un plesiosaurio Callawayasaurus colombiensis (Welles) Carpenter, 1999 (= Alzadasaurus colombiensis Welles, 1962). Se realiza la determinación de un espécimen de elasmosaurio encontrado por los pobladores de la zona rural de Villa de Leyva en 1999 con base en material fotográfico del mismo, siendo muy probable que corresponda a la especie Callawayasaurus colombiensis (Welles) Carpenter, 1999. Palabras Claves: Cretácico, Plesiosaurios, Villa de Leyva. ABSTRACT In the deposits of the Cretaceous (Aptian) of Villa de Leyva two plesiosaurs species have been reported, a pliosaur Kronosaurus boyacensis Hampe 1992, and a plesiosaur Callawayasaurus colombiensis (Welles) Carpenter, 1999 (= Alzadasaurus colombiensis Welles, 1962). We carried out the determination of elasmosaur specimen found by the inhabitants of the rural area of Villa de Leyva in 1999, on the basis of photographic material of it. Probably it corresponds to the Callawayasaurus colombiensis specie (Welles) Carpenter, 1999. Key Words: Cretaceous, Plesiosaurs, Villa de Leyva. 1Biólogos, Calle 10A # 24-68 Bucaramanga, Santander (Colombia). Correo electrónico: [email protected] Callawayasaurus
    [Show full text]
  • Estesia Mongoliensis (Squamata: Anguimorpha) and the Evolution of Venom Grooves in Lizards
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by American Museum of Natural History Scientific Publications AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES Number 3767, 31 pp. January 25, 2013 New materials of Estesia mongoliensis (Squamata: Anguimorpha) and the evolution of venom grooves in lizards HONG-YU YI1,2 AND MARK A. NORELL1,2 ABSTRACT New specimens of the fossil lizard Estesia mongoliensis are described from the Upper Cre- taceous of Mongolia. Phylogenetic analysis of 86 anguimorph taxa coded with 435 morphologi- cal characters and four genes confirms the placement of Estesia mongoliensis in a monophyletic Monstersauria. Extant monstersaurs, the genus Heloderma, are the only extant lizards bearing venom-transmitting teeth with a deep venom grove in the rostral carina. Compared to the crown group, stem monstersaurs are morphologically more variable in venom-delivery appa- ratus. This study has found that Estesia mongoliensis has two shallow grooves in the rostral and caudal carinae of its dentary teeth, demonstrating a primary venom-delivery apparatus. A sum- mary of venom-delivering tooth specialization in the Anguimorpha is provided, and related morphological characters are optimized on the strict consensus tree resulting from the com- bined morphological and molecular analysis of anguimorph phylogeny. The phylogeny supports a single origination of venom grooves in the Monstersauria, and indicates that grooved teeth are currently the only reliable venom-delivery apparatus to be recognized in fossil lizards. Key Words: Estesia mongoliensis, Monstersauria, venom groove, Anguimorpha INTRODUCTION Estesia mongoliensis is the oldest fossil squamate with dental grooves comparable to venom grooves in extant species.
    [Show full text]
  • Future Directions in the Research and Management of Marine Snakes
    Charles Darwin University Future directions in the research and management of marine snakes Udyawer, Vinay; Barnes, Peter; Bonnet, Xavier; Brischoux, François; Crowe-Riddell, Jenna M.; D'Anastasi, Blanche; Fry, Bryan G.; Gillett, Amber; Goiran, Claire; Guinea, Michael L.; Heatwole, Harold; Heupel, Michelle R.; Hourston, Mathew; Kangas, Mervi; Kendrick, Alan; Koefoed, Inigo; Lillywhite, Harvey B.; Lobo, Aaron S.; Lukoschek, Vimoksalehi; McAuley, Rory; Nitschke, Charlotte; Rasmussen, Arne R.; Sanders, Kate L.; Sheehy, Coleman; Shine, Richard; Somaweera, Ruchira; Sweet, Samuel S.; Voris, Harold K. Published in: Frontiers in Marine Science DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2018.00399 Published: 06/11/2018 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Udyawer, V., Barnes, P., Bonnet, X., Brischoux, F., Crowe-Riddell, J. M., D'Anastasi, B., Fry, B. G., Gillett, A., Goiran, C., Guinea, M. L., Heatwole, H., Heupel, M. R., Hourston, M., Kangas, M., Kendrick, A., Koefoed, I., Lillywhite, H. B., Lobo, A. S., Lukoschek, V., ... Voris, H. K. (2018). Future directions in the research and management of marine snakes. Frontiers in Marine Science, 5, 1-16. [399]. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00399 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.
    [Show full text]
  • Estimating the Evolutionary Rates in Mosasauroids and Plesiosaurs: Discussion of Niche Occupation in Late Cretaceous Seas
    Estimating the evolutionary rates in mosasauroids and plesiosaurs: discussion of niche occupation in Late Cretaceous seas Daniel Madzia1 and Andrea Cau2 1 Department of Evolutionary Paleobiology, Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland 2 Independent, Parma, Italy ABSTRACT Observations of temporal overlap of niche occupation among Late Cretaceous marine amniotes suggest that the rise and diversification of mosasauroid squamates might have been influenced by competition with or disappearance of some plesiosaur taxa. We discuss that hypothesis through comparisons of the rates of morphological evolution of mosasauroids throughout their evolutionary history with those inferred for contemporary plesiosaur clades. We used expanded versions of two species- level phylogenetic datasets of both these groups, updated them with stratigraphic information, and analyzed using the Bayesian inference to estimate the rates of divergence for each clade. The oscillations in evolutionary rates of the mosasauroid and plesiosaur lineages that overlapped in time and space were then used as a baseline for discussion and comparisons of traits that can affect the shape of the niche structures of aquatic amniotes, such as tooth morphologies, body size, swimming abilities, metabolism, and reproduction. Only two groups of plesiosaurs are considered to be possible niche competitors of mosasauroids: the brachauchenine pliosaurids and the polycotylid leptocleidians. However, direct evidence for interactions between mosasauroids and plesiosaurs is scarce and limited only to large mosasauroids as the Submitted 31 July 2019 predators/scavengers and polycotylids as their prey. The first mosasauroids differed Accepted 18 March 2020 from contemporary plesiosaurs in certain aspects of all discussed traits and no evidence Published 13 April 2020 suggests that early representatives of Mosasauroidea diversified after competitions with Corresponding author plesiosaurs.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter Two Marine Organisms
    THE SINGAPORE BLUE PLAN 2018 EDITORS ZEEHAN JAAFAR DANWEI HUANG JANI THUAIBAH ISA TANZIL YAN XIANG OW NICHOLAS YAP PUBLISHED BY THE SINGAPORE INSTITUTE OF BIOLOGY OCTOBER 2018 THE SINGAPORE BLUE PLAN 2018 PUBLISHER THE SINGAPORE INSTITUTE OF BIOLOGY C/O NSSE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION 1 NANYANG WALK SINGAPORE 637616 CONTACT: [email protected] ISBN: 978-981-11-9018-6 COPYRIGHT © TEXT THE SINGAPORE INSTITUTE OF BIOLOGY COPYRIGHT © PHOTOGRAPHS AND FIGURES BY ORINGAL CONTRIBUTORS AS CREDITED DATE OF PUBLICATION: OCTOBER 2018 EDITED BY: Z. JAAFAR, D. HUANG, J.T.I. TANZIL, Y.X. OW, AND N. YAP COVER DESIGN BY: ABIGAYLE NG THE SINGAPORE BLUE PLAN 2018 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The editorial team owes a deep gratitude to all contributors of The Singapore Blue Plan 2018 who have tirelessly volunteered their expertise and effort into this document. We are fortunate to receive the guidance and mentorship of Professor Leo Tan, Professor Chou Loke Ming, Professor Peter Ng, and Mr Francis Lim throughout the planning and preparation stages of The Blue Plan 2018. We are indebted to Dr. Serena Teo, Ms Ria Tan and Dr Neo Mei Lin who have made edits that improved the earlier drafts of this document. We are grateful to contributors of photographs: Heng Pei Yan, the Comprehensive Marine Biodiversity Survey photography team, Ria Tan, Sudhanshi Jain, Randolph Quek, Theresa Su, Oh Ren Min, Neo Mei Lin, Abraham Matthew, Rene Ong, van Heurn FC, Lim Swee Cheng, Tran Anh Duc, and Zarina Zainul. We thank The Singapore Institute of Biology for publishing and printing the The Singapore Blue Plan 2018.
    [Show full text]
  • Cairns Regional Council Water and Waste Report for Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study Flora and Fauna Report
    Cairns Regional Council Water and Waste Report for Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study Flora and Fauna Report November 2009 Contents 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Scope 1 1.3 Project Study Area 2 2. Methodology 4 2.1 Background and Approach 4 2.2 Demarcation of the Aquifer Study Area 4 2.3 Field Investigation of Proposed Bore Hole Sites 5 2.4 Overview of Ecological Values Descriptions 5 2.5 PER Guidelines 5 2.6 Desktop and Database Assessments 7 3. Database Searches and Survey Results 11 3.1 Information Sources 11 3.2 Species of National Environmental Significance 11 3.3 Queensland Species of Conservation Significance 18 3.4 Pest Species 22 3.5 Vegetation Communities 24 3.6 Regional Ecosystem Types and Integrity 28 3.7 Aquatic Values 31 3.8 World Heritage Values 53 3.9 Results of Field Investigation of Proposed Bore Hole Sites 54 4. References 61 Table Index Table 1: Summary of NES Matters Protected under Part 3 of the EPBC Act 5 Table 2 Summary of World Heritage Values within/adjacent Aquifer Area of Influence 6 Table 3: Species of NES Identified as Occurring within the Study Area 11 Table 4: Summary of Regional Ecosystems and Groundwater Dependencies 26 42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study Flora and Fauna Report Table 5: Freshwater Fish Species in the Mulgrave River 36 Table 6: Estuarine Fish Species in the Mulgrave River 50 Table 7: Description of potential borehole field in Aloomba as of 20th August, 2009. 55 Figure Index Figure 1: Regional Ecosystem Conservation Status and Protected Species Observation 21 Figure 2: Vegetation Communities and Groundwater Dependencies 30 Figure 3: Locations of Study Sites 54 Appendices A Database Searches 42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study Flora and Fauna Report 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Andhra Pradesh
    PROFILES OF SELECTED NATIONAL PARKS AND SANCTUARIES OF INDIA JULY 2002 EDITED BY SHEKHAR SINGH ARPAN SHARMA INDIAN INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION NEW DELHI CONTENTS STATE NAME OF THE PA ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR CAMPBELL BAY NATIONAL PARK ISLANDS GALATHEA NATIONAL PARK MOUNT HARRIET NATIONAL PARK NORTH BUTTON ISLAND NATIONAL PARK MIDDLE BUTTON ISLAND NATIONAL PARK SOUTH BUTTON ISLAND NATIONAL PARK RANI JHANSI MARINE NATIONAL PARK WANDOOR MARINE NATIONAL PARK CUTHBERT BAY WILDLIFE SANCTUARY GALATHEA BAY WILDLIFE SANCTUARY INGLIS OR EAST ISLAND SANCTUARY INTERVIEW ISLAND SANCTUARY LOHABARRACK OR SALTWATER CROCODILE SANCTUARY ANDHRA PRADESH ETURUNAGARAM SANCTUARY KAWAL WILDLIFE SANCTUARY KINNERSANI SANCTUARY NAGARJUNASAGAR-SRISAILAM TIGER RESERVE PAKHAL SANCTUARY PAPIKONDA SANCTUARY PRANHITA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY ASSAM MANAS NATIONAL PARK GUJARAT BANSDA NATIONAL PARK PURNA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY HARYANA NAHAR SANCTUARY KALESAR SANCTUARY CHHICHHILA LAKE SANCTUARY ABUBSHEHAR SANCTUARY BIR BARA VAN JIND SANCTUARY BIR SHIKARGAH SANCTUARY HIMACHAL PRADESH PONG LAKE SANCTUARY RUPI BHABA SANCTUARY SANGLA SANCTUARY KERALA SILENT VALLEY NATIONAL PARK ARALAM SANCTUARY CHIMMONY SANCTUARY PARAMBIKULAM SANCTUARY PEECHI VAZHANI SANCTUARY THATTEKAD BIRD SANCTUARY WAYANAD WILDLIFE SANCTUARY MEGHALAYA BALPAKARAM NATIONAL PARK SIJU WILDLIFE SANCTUARY NOKREK NATIONAL PARK NONGKHYLLEM WILDLIFE SANCTUARY MIZORAM MURLEN NATIONAL PARK PHAWNGPUI (BLUE MOUNTAIN) NATIONAL 2 PARK DAMPA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY KHAWNGLUNG WILDLIFE SANCTUARY LENGTENG WILDLIFE SANCTUARY NGENGPUI WILDLIFE
    [Show full text]
  • A New Plesiosaur from the Lower Jurassic of Portugal and the Early Radiation of Plesiosauroidea
    A new plesiosaur from the Lower Jurassic of Portugal and the early radiation of Plesiosauroidea EDUARDO PUÉRTOLAS-PASCUAL, MIGUEL MARX, OCTÁVIO MATEUS, ANDRÉ SALEIRO, ALEXANDRA E. FERNANDES, JOÃO MARINHEIRO, CARLA TOMÁS, and SIMÃO MATEUS Puértolas-Pascual, E., Marx, M., Mateus, O., Saleiro, A., Fernandes, A.E., Marinheiro, J., Tomás, C. and Mateus, S. 2021. A new plesiosaur from the Lower Jurassic of Portugal and the early radiation of Plesiosauroidea. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 66 (2): 369–388. A new plesiosaur partial skeleton, comprising most of the trunk and including axial, limb, and girdle bones, was collected in the lower Sinemurian (Coimbra Formation) of Praia da Concha, near São Pedro de Moel in central west Portugal. The specimen represents a new genus and species, Plesiopharos moelensis gen. et sp. nov. Phylogenetic analysis places this taxon at the base of Plesiosauroidea. Its position is based on this exclusive combination of characters: presence of a straight preaxial margin of the radius; transverse processes of mid-dorsal vertebrae horizontally oriented; ilium with sub-circular cross section of the shaft and subequal anteroposterior expansion of the dorsal blade; straight proximal end of the humerus; and ventral surface of the humerus with an anteroposteriorly long shallow groove between the epipodial facets. In addition, the new taxon has the following autapomorphies: iliac blade with less expanded, rounded and convex anterior flank; highly developed ischial facet of the ilium; apex of the neural spine of the first pectoral vertebra inclined posterodorsally with a small rounded tip. This taxon represents the most complete and the oldest plesiosaur species in the Iberian Peninsula.
    [Show full text]
  • A Large Rhomaleosaurid Pliosaur from the Upper Lias of Rutland Richard Forrest
    A large Rhomaleosaurid Pliosaur from the Upper Lias of Rutland Richard Forrest Abstract: The fragmentary remains of a very large rhomaleosaurid pliosaur were retrieved during building works at Barnsdale Hall, Rutland. The limited material prevents clear identification at specific level, though on the basis of similarities of ratios of dimensions it shows closer affinity to Rhomaleosaurus arcuatus and R.victor than to R.cramptoni. Although scaling up from such fragmentary material is unreliable, the estimated length of this animal at 7.5 to 8 metres makes it possibly the largest Rhomaleosaurid pliosaur described to date. The fossil material broken end the shaft is oval in section, 148 mm wide and 96 mm deep. The head is 153 mm broad and The bones were excavated in 1988 by Mr. Roy 160 mm deep. Orientation can be determined by Draycott during construction of a retaining wall at rugosities from ridges for muscle attachment on the Barnsdale Hall, east of Rutland Water, in the county posterior side and the ventral surface. A deep hole in of the same name. An outer whorl of the ammonite the posterior muscle attachment presumably marks Hildoceras bifrons was found in association with the where a ligament was connected to the bone. There bones. It can therefore be placed with confidence in is slight taphonomic crushing around the trochanter. the bifrons Zone of the Upper Lias (Lower Jurassic, The surface is encrusted in places with a pyritised Toarcian, Whitbian). It is probable that much more deposit, which shows traces of tracks left by extensive remains of the animal were present at the scavengers post-mortem.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Cranial Anatomy of the Polycotylid Plesiosaurs, Including New Material of Polycotylus Latipinnis, Cope, from Alabama F
    Marshall University Marshall Digital Scholar Biological Sciences Faculty Research Biological Sciences 2004 On the cranial anatomy of the polycotylid plesiosaurs, including new material of Polycotylus latipinnis, Cope, from Alabama F. Robin O’Keefe Marshall University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://mds.marshall.edu/bio_sciences_faculty Part of the Animal Sciences Commons, and the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons Recommended Citation O’Keefe, F. R. 2004. On the cranial anatomy of the polycotylid plesiosaurs, including new material of Polycotylus latipinnis, Cope, from Alabama. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24(2):326–340. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Biological Sciences at Marshall Digital Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biological Sciences Faculty Research by an authorized administrator of Marshall Digital Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. ON THE CRANIAL ANATOMY OF THE POLYCOTYLID PLESIOSAURS, INCLUDING NEW MATERIAL OF POLYCOTYLUS LATIPINNIS, COPE, FROM ALABAMA F. ROBIN O’KEEFE Department of Anatomy, New York College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York 11568, U.S.A., [email protected] ABSTRACT—The cranial anatomy of plesiosaurs in the family Polycotylidae (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) has received renewed attention recently because various skull characters are thought to indicate plesiosauroid, rather than plio- sauroid, affinities for this family. New data on the cranial anatomy of polycotylid plesiosaurs is presented, and is shown to compare closely to the structure of cryptocleidoid plesiosaurs. The morphology of known polycotylid taxa is reported and discussed, and a preliminary phylogenetic analysis is used to establish ingroup relationships of the Cryptocleidoidea.
    [Show full text]
  • Mesozoic Marine Reptile Palaeobiogeography in Response to Drifting Plates
    ÔØ ÅÒÙ×Ö ÔØ Mesozoic marine reptile palaeobiogeography in response to drifting plates N. Bardet, J. Falconnet, V. Fischer, A. Houssaye, S. Jouve, X. Pereda Suberbiola, A. P´erez-Garc´ıa, J.-C. Rage, P. Vincent PII: S1342-937X(14)00183-X DOI: doi: 10.1016/j.gr.2014.05.005 Reference: GR 1267 To appear in: Gondwana Research Received date: 19 November 2013 Revised date: 6 May 2014 Accepted date: 14 May 2014 Please cite this article as: Bardet, N., Falconnet, J., Fischer, V., Houssaye, A., Jouve, S., Pereda Suberbiola, X., P´erez-Garc´ıa, A., Rage, J.-C., Vincent, P., Mesozoic marine reptile palaeobiogeography in response to drifting plates, Gondwana Research (2014), doi: 10.1016/j.gr.2014.05.005 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Mesozoic marine reptile palaeobiogeography in response to drifting plates To Alfred Wegener (1880-1930) Bardet N.a*, Falconnet J. a, Fischer V.b, Houssaye A.c, Jouve S.d, Pereda Suberbiola X.e, Pérez-García A.f, Rage J.-C.a and Vincent P.a,g a Sorbonne Universités CR2P, CNRS-MNHN-UPMC, Département Histoire de la Terre, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP 38, 57 rue Cuvier,
    [Show full text]