Cairns Regional Council Water and Waste Report for Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study Flora and Fauna Report

November 2009 Contents

1. Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Scope 1 1.3 Project Study Area 2

2. Methodology 4 2.1 Background and Approach 4 2.2 Demarcation of the Aquifer Study Area 4 2.3 Field Investigation of Proposed Bore Hole Sites 5 2.4 Overview of Ecological Values Descriptions 5 2.5 PER Guidelines 5 2.6 Desktop and Database Assessments 7

3. Database Searches and Survey Results 11 3.1 Information Sources 11 3.2 Species of National Environmental Significance 11 3.3 Queensland Species of Conservation Significance 18 3.4 Pest Species 22 3.5 Vegetation Communities 24 3.6 Regional Ecosystem Types and Integrity 28 3.7 Aquatic Values 31 3.8 World Heritage Values 53 3.9 Results of Field Investigation of Proposed Bore Hole Sites 54

4. References 61

Table Index Table 1: Summary of NES Matters Protected under Part 3 of the EPBC Act 5 Table 2 Summary of World Heritage Values within/adjacent Aquifer Area of Influence 6 Table 3: Species of NES Identified as Occurring within the Study Area 11 Table 4: Summary of Regional Ecosystems and Groundwater Dependencies 26

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study Flora and Fauna Report Table 5: Freshwater Fish Species in the Mulgrave River 36 Table 6: Estuarine Fish Species in the Mulgrave River 50 Table 7: Description of potential borehole field in Aloomba as of 20th August, 2009. 55

Figure Index Figure 1: Regional Ecosystem Conservation Status and Protected Species Observation 21 Figure 2: Vegetation Communities and Groundwater Dependencies 30 Figure 3: Locations of Study Sites 54

Appendices A Database Searches

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study Flora and Fauna Report 1. Introduction

1.1 Background As part of the conclusion of its Water Supply Strategy, Cairns Regional Council Water and Waste is embarking on a program of works to provide necessary information to confirm its future water supply source. The assessment of the abstraction feasibility of a water supply from the Mulgrave River Aquifer (Mulgrave River Aquifer Scheme) forms part of this program of works. The proposed works includes the construction and operation of a borefield within an area of alluvium comprising part of the Mulgrave River aquifer. The borefield is designed to abstract up to 15 ML/day from up to ten bores, located in a general area between the Bruce Highway and the Mulgrave River, south of the small township of Aloomba, 20 km south of Cairns (see Figure 1 for Study Area). Each bore will have an electric submersible pump, and a connecting powerline, and be connected in an underground pipe network alongside the existing rural roads in the area and ultimately connect into the existing Behana Ceek water supply pipeline adjacent the project area. The only visible expression of the bores will be small security housing over each bore (approximately 2m by 3m) with a connecting powerline from the existing power grid. The borefield is designed as a supplementary water supply only for the southern Cairns area. It will be operated on an “as needs” requirement, only when other existing water supplies reach their allocated limits. Cairns Regional Council Water and Waste (CRCWW) currently hold a Licence to Take Water from the Mulgrave River Alluvium for up to 15,000 ML/year (approximately 40 ML/day) under certain land identified on the licence. This current proposed action is to abstract up to a maximum of 5,500 ML/year (or approximately 15 ML/day). Potential impacts arise from two aspects of this proposal:

Short-term impacts arising from construction of the borefield, water treatment plant, reservoir and associated pipeline infrastructure; and

Long-term impacts on the aquifer and associated ground water levels and consequential impacts on environmental values as well as possible socio-economic impacts and landuse impacts.

1.2 Scope The Mulgrave River Aquifer Scheme was referred to the Commonwealth in 2005 under the provisions of Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act). A Public Environment Report (PER) has been requested by the Commonwealth in order to determine the impact of the project on matters of National Environmental Significance (NES) that may be impacted upon by the project. The full legislative background to the referral and subsequent Commonwealth request for further information is outlined in Section 2.4. Specifically, the PER has been requested to address under the Terms of Reference the following matters of NES:

Southern Cassowary (Casurarius casuarius johnsonii) (LE), including regional status, population size and distribution within the project site and adjacent habitat that may be impacted by the project.

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 1 Flora and Fauna Report Waterfall Frog (Litoria nannotis) (LE) and Common Mistfrog (Litoria rheocola) (LE), including regional status, population size and distribution within the project site and adjacent habitat that may be impacted by the project.

Red Goshawk (Erythrotriorchis radiatus) (LV) and the Australian Painted Snipe (Rostratula australis) (LV, also listed migratory), including regional status, population size and distribution within the project site and adjacent habitat that may be impacted by the project.

Flora species, Dendrobium Orchid (Dendrobium mirbelianum) (LE), Dendrobium nindii (LE), Eleocharis retroflexa (LV), Water Tassel-fern (Huperzia phlegmarioides) (LV).

Listed migratory bird species that could occur in the project area, including regional status, population size, distribution and the habitat that may be impacted by the project. The purpose of this report is to summarise the methods and outcomes of the surveys undertaken in support of the PER.

1.3 Project Study Area The Project Study Area comprises part of the catchment of the Mulgrave River itself, and part of that area of the Mulgrave River valley underlain by Quaternary alluvium, referred to as the Mulgrave River aquifer. The Mulgrave River catchment includes only a small proportion of the Mulgrave River aquifer, however information related to catchment conditions, particularly as they relate to climate and surface and ground water features, were used in developing the numerical ground water model upon which many of the assessments of impacts in this report are made. Potential impacts of the project will be restricted to the environs of the Mulgrave River aquifer system, which comprises less than ¼ of the area of the total river catchment area. For the purposes of this PER, the Study Area is defined as areas of the Trinity Inlet catchment and the lower Mulgrave River valley below 20 m AHD and bounded (approximately) by points at:

17° 14’ S, 145° 57’ E; 17° 14’ S; 145° 55’ E, 17° 02’ S, 145° 45’ E; and 17° 02’ S, 145° 50’ E. Both the location of the catchment and the aquifer area are described below in further detail and the Study Area for the PER is shown in Figure 1. The Study Area for the PER was refined by the initial outcomes of the predicted numerical groundwater model (as described in Section 3). The Study Area does not include the entire catchment, as significant areas of the catchment are not influenced by the aquifer system.

1.3.1 The Mulgrave River Catchment Area The Mulgrave River catchment is located within the Wet Tropics of North Queensland, south of the regional centre of Cairns. Covering an area of approximately 810 km2 and with a mean annual discharge of 770,000 ML, the catchment has one of the highest areas of mean annual runoff of any Australian catchment. It receives high to very high annual rainfall, and takes in drainage sections of the Atherton

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 2 Flora and Fauna Report Tablelands on its western boundary and a number of coastal tributaries including the major streams of Behana Creek and Little Mulgrave River. Although most of the coastal plain has been developed for agriculture, with sugar cane production the most significant agricultural activity, the majority of the catchment is relatively pristine rugged mountain range, with more than 50% of the total area lying within the Wet Tropics of Queensland World Heritage Area (WTQWHA).

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 3 Flora and Fauna Report 2. Methodology

2.1 Background and Approach The PER is framed around the guidelines provided by the Commonwealth (Appendix A), and includes both the specific matters identified in the Guidelines as well as assessing other matters of conservation significance in the Study Area. Data for the assessment was sourced from multiple sources, and includes;

Initial data from background research, including public databases, published information and data provided by individual contributors.

Field Studies undertaken in support of the findings from the above background data research.

Data sources from studies undertaken specifically for the Cairns Regional Council as part of the Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Studies. This primarily includes data derived from two separate investigations for these Studies, namely a Numerical Groundwater Modelling Report and a Hydrogeological Report; both of these reports are produced in Appendices D and E respectively. The key area of investigation was the interaction of the ground water abstraction with the surface water flows in the Study Area (notably that of Mulgrave and Behana Creek as the major waterways, but also considering other minor watercourses). Of particular importance was the assessment of the potential impact of a lessened water flow on the identified ecological values of the Study Area as a result of abstraction.

2.2 Demarcation of the Aquifer Study Area The Study Area for the PER has been defined following hydrogeological investigations, the initial outcomes of the Numerical Groundwater Modelling Report and the requirements of the Commonwealth PER Guidelines. The area of influence of the Mulgrave River aquifer, in general, is defined by the occurrence of deep Quaternary alluvium occurring below the 20m contour interval, covering an expanse of approximately 200 km2 both north and south of the Mulgrave River. This is a very large area, predominantly cleared for sugar cane, but retaining verges of riparian vegetation of varying ecological integrity along the banks of the major watercourses of the Mulgrave River and Behana Creek. The study area for the PER does not include the entire aquifer area, as information from hydrogeological studies and the numerical groundwater report have refined the area of potential impact for the construction and abstraction of the borefield. The area of study for the PER extends from the Mulgrave River crossing of the Bruce Highway (near Gordonvale, southwards along the Mulgrave River to the marine environment interface at Deeral, approximately 25km downstream. East to west the study area for the PER follows the 20m contour of the Graham Range (eastern side of the Mulgrave River valley) and extends to the 20m contour on Mt Sophia/Bellenden Ker Range on the western side. The Study Area includes Behana Creek to a point approximately 500m westwards of the Bruce Highway at which point the creek no longer forms part of the Mulgrave Aquifer with granite becoming the base geology, as opposed to sandy alluvium.

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 4 Flora and Fauna Report The Wet Tropics World Heritage Area intersects the Mulgrave Aquifer in only one location within the PER study area (see Figure 5), on the eastern bank of the Mulgrave River from an outlying spur of the Graham Range. To the south of the Study Area the WTWHA is entirely marine (Mutchero Inlet section) and while this forms the southern boundary of the Study Area for the purposes of the PER, this section of the WTWHA does not have any direct interaction with the Mulgrave River aquifer and is not within the aquifer area. The WTWHA boundary is approximately 4 km further up Behana Creek from the PER study area, and being upstream of the aquifer, on different geology, there are no direct or indirect connections between the groundwater resources of the Mulgrave River aquifer (on alluvium) and the WTQWHA (on granite and at a starting elevation of approximately 40m AHD – Australian Height Datum). The boundaries of the Study Area are shown in Figure 5 of the PER.

2.3 Field Investigation of Proposed Bore Hole Sites A field ecologist conducted an inspection of the proposed bore hole sites to document the the flora and fauna present in these areas. Photos were taken of the sites and any stands of vegetation was documented along with opportunistic fauna observations. The results are presented in the following section.

2.4 Overview of Ecological Values Descriptions Ecological values within the PER Study Area that have the potential to be affected by the construction and operation of the proposed borefield were defined and assessed using three key methodologies.

The initial ecological values identified as the “specific content” requirement of the Commonwealth PER Guidelines to Cairns Regional Council Water and Waste (refer Appendix A). These specific content guidelines nominated a list of fauna and flora species to be assessed, and in addition included requirements to assess the potential impact on the abstraction on general World Heritage values via salinity intrusion, ground settlement, and exposure of potential acid sulphate soils (PASS) amongst others.

A desktop database review on available published data; and

Following the above, a field inspection program to assess the likelihood of impact of the proposal on fauna and flora habitat values.

2.5 PER Guidelines

2.5.1 Specific Content Matters The specific content matters required to be investigated and assessed in this PER as identified by the Commonwealth guidelines include the following:

Table 1: Summary of NES Matters Protected under Part 3 of the EPBC Act

Common Name Species EPBC Status Qld NCA1 Status

southern cassowary Casurarius casuarius johnsonii Endangered Endangered

1 Queensland Nature Conservation Act 1994 and associated Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 2006

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 5 Flora and Fauna Report Common Name Species EPBC Status Qld NCA1 Status

red goshawk Erythrotriorchis radiatus) Vulnerable Endangered

Australian painted snipe Rostratula australis2 Vulnerable & listed Vulnerable Migratory

torrent tree frog Litoria nannotis Endangered Endangered

common mist frog Litoria rheocola Endangered Endangered

mangrove orchid Dendrobium mirbelianum Endangered Endangered

blue orchid Dendrobium nindii Endangered Endangered

sedge Eleocharis retroflexa Vulnerable Vulnerable

layered tassel-fern Huperzia phlegmarioides Vulnerable Vulnerable

The above list does not exclude the consideration of other NES species that may be present in the area, identified either through database searches or through observations in the field. Further details of the above are provided in the Field Survey Results of this PER.

2.5.2 World Heritage Values The following World Heritage Values of the Wet Tropics of Queensland World Heritage Area (WTQWHA) were identified in the PER guidelines as within the aquifer project zone of influence, and/or adjacent to or within the project area. The project area potential zone of influence is generally demarcated as that area within the Mulgrave River catchment on coastal alluvium (the “aquifer”) below 20 m AHD. A summary of the World Heritage Values within/adjacent to the aquifer project area is presented below. The specific impacts are discussed further in this report.

Table 2 Summary of World Heritage Values within/adjacent Aquifer Area of Influence

Natural Criterion for World Heritage Listing Representation of Values adjacent/within WTQWHA

Outstanding examples representing the major stages Representatives from Age of Pteridophytes, with numerous ferns present of the earth’s evolutionary history. in remnant riparian areas. Primitive Gondwanan era angiosperm families represented, including Annonaceae, Eupomatiaceae, Myristicaceae, Lauraceae, Monimiaceae are present in rainforest riparian areas of the Mulgrave River and tributaries Representatives of mixing of continental biota (flora and fauna) present in riparian rainforested areas. Rainforest birds of Gondwanan origin present throughout remnant vegetation in the aquifer area. Relict taxa from Cretaceous angiosperm families present in all rainforest remnant areas. Plant taxa considered to occupy major nodal positions in the evolution of angiosperms are represented in most remnant rainforest areas.

Outstanding examples representing significant It is noted that much of the diversity has been lost owing to past clearing ongoing geological processes, biological evolution within the Mulgrave Aquifer sphere of influence. Approximately 95% of and mans interaction with his natural environment. all vegetation has been cleared within the project area sphere of

2 Currently recognised under Qld legislation as syn: with Rostratula benghalensis australis

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 6 Flora and Fauna Report Natural Criterion for World Heritage Listing Representation of Values adjacent/within WTQWHA influence by cane farming, and whilst diversity is still high, it is very low by comparison with the adjacent WHA.

Nevertheless, a high diversity of species is present within the project area, represented in a complex of remnant communities. The complexity is due to the mosaic of vegetation types and habitats represented, varying from sclerophyll, rainforest to mangrove remnant communities.

Area contains unique, rare or superlative natural The project area is bounded on either side by the WTQWHA, and the phenomena, formation or features of exceptional lower reaches of the Mulgrave River (in the WHA) represent an natural beauty. outstanding example of estuarine natural beauty.

Area contains the most important and significant A broad variety of habitats is represented in the study area, however habitats where threatened species of plants and owing to the generally low integrity of these habitats as a result of animals of outstanding universal value from the point clearing, important and significant habitats for species of of view of science and conservation still survive. conservation/scientific interest are limited to the tidal and near-tidal reaches of the Mulgrave River, outside the zone of influence of the impacts of the proposal.

2.6 Desktop and Database Assessments Data on attributes of the study area have been collated from various sources. This includes data obtained from web sites, database searches, digital and hardcopy mapping, various government agency sources and scientific literature. A review was completed of the available previous investigations, studies and reports. A general desktop database and spatial review was carried out on the documented environmental values of the area. This involved a review of relevant published information, particularly of known habitat of rare and threatened species. This review included:

Searches of the Department of Environment and Resource Management (DERM) (formerly Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s)) Queensland Herbarium database (HERBRECS) for plant species records.

Specific searches of the Queensland Museum for recorded fauna species of conservation significance (Commonwealth EPBC listed and Queensland Nature Conservation Act listed species).

Searches of DERM’s (formerly EPA’s) Wildlife Online databases containing recorded wildlife sightings and listings of plants, fungi, protists, mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, freshwater fish, marine cartilaginous fish, and butterflies.

Searches of the Commonwealth Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (DEWHA) Protected Matters Search tool was undertaken. The Protected Matters Search Tool identifies matters of National Environmental Significance (NES) that may occur within the area or have habitats in the Study Area. These matters of NES are allocated varying conservation and management status under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act).

Analysis of the Regional Ecosystem Version 5.0 mapping and corresponding vegetation descriptions (Sattler and Williams 1999). The ecosystems mapped frequently contain a mixture of more than one vegetation type. Where this occurs, two or more RE labels are shown on the mapping with the most common vegetation community, the dominant one, being listed first and the other communities (subdominant) listed in order of their areal extent within the polygon. Note that Essential Habitat mapping for species is performed at 2.2 km around selected coordinates.

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 7 Flora and Fauna Report The desktop data, combined with the specific assessment requirements of the PER data was collected from various sources including published data, available reports, and on line and external databases. A list of those species listed under the provisions of the Commonwealth EPBC Act as having habitat likely to occur in the area was assessed to determine the specific target habitat areas for the PER field surveys. All database searches are included in Appendix to this report however, the HERBRECS report could not be included as it was too large a file (580 pages). Field surveys were designed to assess: a) whether the habitats as identified in the field were habitats likely to support the species of National Environmental Significance (NES) identified in the background data collation;

b) the integrity of the habitats identified as suitable for these species (commenting only on those aspects that affect the integrity of the habitat: e.g. major weed invasion, pest species present); and

c) any actual observations of the targeted species. Based on published and known habitat preferences for the species, distribution and range, and actual data records it was determined that it was unlikely that a number of the species identified in the PER Guidelines were present within the PER Study Area. Notwithstanding, potential habitat for these species was examined to determine the likelihood of occurrence of these.

2.6.1 Fauna Field Surveys Surveys were undertaken across those ecosystems identified as groundwater dependent, with the potential to be affected by groundwater abstraction. This included riparian and instream communities, terrestrial communities on alluvium and on downstream wetland communities. Qualified botanists and ecologists undertook the surveys with the surveys sites and areas stratified by habitat representation. All habitat and fauna surveys were in accordance with methodologies for assessment as outlined in the Australian Museum’s “The Provision of Data for National Fauna Survey Standards:“ (DEH 2004) and as modified for site specific conditions. It should be noted that no field sampling for fish was undertaken. There are no Commonwealth or State listed fish species present in the Study Area, however there are a number of endemic species considered uncommon. These are considered in a separate section of this report which compiles a detailed assessment of the available data.

Reptiles and Amphibians The only large reptile that is water dependent and potentially vulnerable to impacts in the Study Area is the salt-water crocodile. This species is known to occur in the Mulgrave River and the presence of this dangerous species was confirmed through spotlighting undertaken by boat over a period of three nights along the reach of the Mulgrave River in the Study Area. It is not known to occur in the mid to upper sections of Behana Creek, but there are anecdotal sightings of crocodiles near the junction of Behana within the Mulgrave River. The Commonwealth PER guidelines identified Litoria torrenticola (torrent tree-frog) and Litoria rheocola (common mist-frog) as specific target species. Neither of these species are known to occur in the Study Area, although there is a sighting (not formally recorded) of L. torrenticola near the Study Area boundary on upper Behana Creek. Surveys for both frogs were undertaken over a period of five nights and early

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 8 Flora and Fauna Report evenings, in areas of upper Behana Creek, and two nights and early evenings in a section of the WHA on the mid reaches of the Mulgrave River. Surveys were conducted between February and April, during wet season conditions favourable to frogs. Surveys consisted of spotlighting and call playback over approximately a length of 1 km of Behana Creek (above the Bruce Highway), and on a (un-named) tributary of the Mulgrave River within the WHA intersecting the river.

Birds The Commonwealth identified three birds of NES that may occur in the Study Area. These included the red goshawk, southern cassowary and Australian painted snipe. The red goshawk does not occur in the lower coastal areas of the Wet Tropics in the region, with no confirmed records of the species within 200km of the Study Area, and no habitat suitable for this species present. It was therefore considered exceptionally unlikely that this species would be present in the highly agriculturally modified Mulgrave River Study Area. Not withstanding all raptors observed during the surveys were intensely scrutinised to determine whether or not they were red goshawks. The southern cassowary has no records of occurrence within the Study Area, with the potential habitat reduced to isolated riparian pockets in an agricultural landscape with little to no connectivity with the WHA. The most obvious evidence of cassowary utilisation of an area is the presence of large scats, comprised predominantly of partially digested rainforest fruit. During the flora surveys any potential fruit piles seen were examined for likelihood of being cassowary scats. Flora surveys were conducted over large sections of the Study Area, and it was considered likely that if cassowaries were present in the Study Area then their scats should have been noted. There are actually no formal records for cassowaries in the Study Area, nor in the immediately adjacent WHA bordering the Mulgrave River valley in the Study Area. The last confirmed cassowary sighting occurred over a decade ago in the lower reaches of the Mulgrave River near Mutchero Inlet during land clearing for sugar cane. The Australian painted snipe is a migratory species, likely to be transitory in the region for only a few days of each year within suitable wetland habitats. There are no wetlands within the Study Area. Extensive freshwater wetlands occur south at Eubanangee Swamp (Russell River), and tidal wetlands occur on the foreshore (ocean side) of the Mulgrave River estuary. There are a series of stranded lagoons (formed by changes owing to floods and deposition patterns) parallel to the Mulgrave River in the mid to lower sections of the Study Area (such as Tanners Lagoon). These are not true wetlands and essentially serve as the terminus to a number of modified creeks now serving as agricultural drains. Australian painted snipe have not been recorded from the area, however during the migratory period (September to December) any migratory bird noted during field surveys for flora work were identified. Not surprisingly, given the lack of suitable habitat and the migratory transient nature of this species, it was not recorded (nor were any other wetland migratory species noted). For other birds a general log of sightings for potential species of conservation significance was kept during the general habitat and flora assessment field work.

2.6.2 Flora Field Surveys The Commonwealth identified four species of flora within the PER guidelines. Whilst surveys were targeting these species in particular, records of other species of significance were also undertaken concurrently. In addition to specific species, flora surveys were in accordance with the guidelines produced by the Qld Herbarium, Methodology for Survey and Mapping of Regional Ecosystem and Vegetation Communities in Queensland (Neldner et al, 2005, version 3.1). Public access to some areas

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 9 Flora and Fauna Report was problematical, with permission not able to be obtained. These areas were minor and representative areas of all habitats identified could be surveyed using a combination of boat access, public road and esplanade reserve, where landholder access was granted in many areas. Flora surveys consisted of a series of transects through riparian vegetation parallel to the banks of the Mulgrave River and Behana Creek. Flora transects were stratified on the basis of the conservation status of the vegetation community present, the potential vulnerability of the vegetation community to groundwater stresses, and potential as likely habitat to species of conservation significance. More emphasis was placed on establishing transects in vegetation meeting these criteria than in other areas (e.g. open grasslands on edge of canefields). The purpose of the flora surveys were not to list all possible flora species that occurred in these transects but to:

Identify if any particular species of conservation interest were present;

Determine the general integrity and status of vegetation communities considered to be groundwater dependent; and

Assess the general vulnerability of groundwater communities to abstraction.

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 10 Flora and Fauna Report 3. Database Searches and Survey Results

3.1 Information Sources Extensive reviews of available published and unpublished literature of the following species was undertaken, and data obtained from the Queensland Herbarium database (HERBRECS), the DERM (formerly EPA) Wildlife Online and the Queensland Museum databases. These databases are updated regularly and are the authoritative records of occurrence of fauna and flora in Queensland. The database information was supplemented with information supplied by the Wet Tropics Management Authority, DERM (formerly EPA), and anecdotal information from landholders in the study area. Based on a review of the existing data and research information, field surveys were undertaken to ascertain the habitat integrity of the listed species, their likely occurrence, and to assess likely impacts of abstraction from the Mulgrave River aquifer on these species. Surveys were undertaken both during the dry season (October 2006) and wet season (February 2007) to take into account seasonality of some of the species (non resident fauna species migratory through the area, or flowering phenology for identification purposes of some plant species The results of the surveys are presented in the following sections.

3.2 Species of National Environmental Significance Specific matters of NES identified by the Commonwealth in the PER guidelines include:

Southern cassowary (Casurarius casuarius johnsonii);

Torrent frog (Litoria nannotis) and common mistfrog (Litoria rheocola);

Red goshawk (Erythrotriorchis radiatus) and the Australian painted snipe (Rostratula australis) (also listed migratory);

Flora species, Dendrobium orchid (Dendrobium mirbelianum), Dendrobium nindii (an orchid), Eleocharis retroflexa (a sedge), water tassel-fern (Huperzia phlegmarioides); and

Other listed migratory bird species that could occur in the project area that may be impacted by the proposal. In addition to the specific species, a number of other EPBC Listed species were also identified, these are listed below and included in the summaries following.

Table 3: Species of NES Identified as Occurring within the Study Area

Common Name Species EPBC Status Qld NCA3 Status Notes

antplant Myrmecodia beccarii Vulnerable Vulnerable Identified in field surveys

spectacled flying-fox Pteropus conspicillatus Vulnerable Not listed Identified in field surveys

white-bellied sea-eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster Listed Not listed Identified in field surveys Migratory

3 Queensland Nature Conservation Act 1994 and associated Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 2006

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 11 Flora and Fauna Report Common Name Species EPBC Status Qld NCA3 Status Notes

estuarine crocodile Crocodylus porosus Listed Vulnerable Identified in field surveys Migratory

3.2.1 Southern Cassowary The southern cassowary (Casuarius casuarius johnsonii) is currently recognised as a north-east Queensland endemic subspecies of a ratite species which occurs as the nominate subspecies of Casuarius casuarius. As a member of the primitive ratite group, the bird has Gondwanic origins and affiliations, and represents an example of one of the values for which much of its habitat within the Wet Tropics achieved World Heritage status in 1998 (Werren 1993). Current populations are estimated at approximately 1,500 individuals in the Wet Tropics, although this may be an optimistic estimation with other estimations as low as 1,000 from various research sources. Three distinct cassowary populations are known, two on Cape York Peninsula and one within the Wet Tropics biogeographic region. The Cape York Peninsula range of the species stretches over 350 km along the eastern part of the Cape between the Stewart River (Silver Plains) in the south and the Jardine River in the north. Particular focus for management of the species occurs from the Paluma Range north of Townsville to the Big Tablelands near Cooktown, a distance of over 400 km. In 1993 the Russell-Mulgrave catchment was considered to have moderate populations of cassowaries (Werren 1993), however continued clearing of habitat and draining of wetlands in the lower reaches of the Mulgrave River study area (notably east of the Mulgrave River near Mutchero Inlet) since 1993 has resulted in the loss of the major cassowary habitat remaining in the lower Mulgrave River valley.

Survey Results Surveys between October 2006 and March 2007 were undertaken for evidence of cassowaries (scats and actual sightings) in the forested sections of the southern part of the study area and in areas of remnant forest continuous with the WTQWHA, and within the largest area of vegetated riparian habitat along Behana Creek. No evidence of cassowaries was noted, and anecdotal information from adjacent landholders indicated that none had been sighted in the general Study Area since approximately 1995. Significant clearing in the past of the coastal plains and foothills between the Russell and Mulgrave Rivers has resulted in the elimination of the majority of habitat for the species. Much of the Mulgrave River Catchment coastal plain has been substantially modified and cleared for agriculture and residential development. Cane farming has significantly impacted the species in the area of the Mulgrave River, with little or no habitat left on freehold land in the area adjacent to the proposed bore field/supply infrastructure area. At the local level of relevance to the Mulgrave River aquifer project, no cassowaries have been identified during flora and fauna investigations of this study. Adjacent to the Mulgrave River Aquifer area, cassowary habitat is protected within the Wet Tropics World Heritage Area.

3.2.2 Red Goshawk (Erythrotriorchis radiatus) The red goshawk is a large raptor with a total body length of 45-58 cm and a wingspan of 110-135 cm. For a nest, it builds a large platform of dead sticks lined with twigs and green leaves. The nest is located

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 12 Flora and Fauna Report in an exposed fork in the top of a living tree between 10 and 20 m above the ground. The same nest sites are used each year, and hence are relatively easy to identify when observed. The species breeds from April to November in the northern part of its range and may start breeding from August to November in the east. Females lay one or two eggs that hatch in 39-42 days, usually a few days apart. The red goshawk has an enormous home range covering between 50 and 220 square kilometres. It prefers a mix of vegetation types within its habitat including tall open forest, woodland, lightly treed savanna and the edge of rainforest. The red goshawk nests in tall trees (>20 m) within 1 km of a watercourse or wetland (Debus and Czechura, 1988; Aumann and Baker-Gabb, 1991). It occurs over eastern Queensland and across northern Australia. Much of the red goshawk's habitat has been cleared for urban development, agriculture and forestry. This has also reduced the availability of large nesting trees and prey. Heavy grazing and frequent burning may also contribute to a reduction in available prey. These are characteristics of the landscape of the Mulgrave aquifer region, where agriculture and residential land has contributed to major loss of habitat for this species. There are now fewer than 1,000 adult goshawks left, with only an estimated 30-35 pairs in the Wet Tropics. All of these are associated with sclerophyll/rainforest boundaries primarily in the western part of the WHA.

Field Surveys No verified records exist for the red goshawk within the Study Area. There is no suitable habitat identified as suitable for red goshawks within the Study Area and the species was not observed during surveys. All large raptor nests examined were of other species.

3.2.3 Australian Painted Snipe (Rostratula australis) The Australian painted snipe is a poorly known wader inhabiting inland wetlands. The species derives from, and is presently also known as Rostratula benghalensis australis = Rostratula australis.

The Australian painted snipe is usually found in shallow inland wetlands, either freshwater or brackish, that are either permanently or temporarily filled. It seems likely that the total population of mature individuals of Australian painted snipe is most likely greater than 1,000 mature individuals (DEWR 2007c). The population size is not known, but Watkins (1993) estimated the population to be 1,500, while Garnett and Crowley (2000) estimated the population to be 5,000 breeding birds. There is no other quantitative data available. The trends in the available data and evidence are consistent and considered to be sufficient enough to indicate that the Australian painted snipe has declined substantially in numbers, with possible declines of up to 90% (DEWR 2007c). The decline has been prolonged, is widespread and has occurred over various wet and dry cycles. The closest known primary habitat area is in the Fitzroy River Basin (approximately 1000km south), however there are occasional reports from sub-coastal north Queensland, particularly around population centres where there are extensive sub-coastal plains with many shallow wetlands.

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 13 Flora and Fauna Report The lack of shallow freshwater or brackish wetlands within the Study Area would suggest that available suitable habitat for this species is extremely restricted and it is unlikely, from a habitat utilisation perspective, that this species would be present in the Study Area. The likely causes of the decline of the Australian painted snipe are habitat modification and loss. The species has probably suffered considerably from wetland drainage and the diversion of water from rivers, which means that shallow wetlands, its key habitat, never form. There are no freshwater wetlands within the area of the Proposed Action.

Survey Results This species has not been recorded within the study area and was not identified during the field surveys. Preferable habitat for the species is not present, and it is extremely unlikely that the species would utilise any part of the Study Area.

3.2.4 Waterfall Frog (Litoria nannotis) A moderately large robust species, with males 31.6 - 52.1 mm and females 48.2 – 59 mm in length. The species is restricted to rocky stream habitats in rainforest or wet sclerophyll forest where there is fast flowing water, waterfalls and cascades (DEWR 2007b). Unlike most stream-breeding frog species that live in the adjacent forest and use the stream habitat for breeding, both male and female Waterfall Frogs use the stream as primary habitat throughout the year (DEWR 2007b). Tadpoles of the Waterfall Frog are predominantly found in fast flowing sections of streams, in riffles or torrents, adhering to rocks. L. nannotis was not considered to be at risk as recently as 1990 (McDonald 1992, McDonald et al. 1991). Since 1990 population declines have been noted at upland sites throughout the Wet Tropics Biogeographical Region. The entire known distribution of this species is protected within the Wet Tropics World Heritage Area, with 42.4% of known collection sites located within national parks, 53.1% within forestry reserves, 1.5% in other reserves and 3% on private lands (Northern Queensland Threatened Frogs Recovery Team 2001).

Field Surveys The species was observed during surveys by GHD in the upper reaches of Behana Creek within the Wooroonooran National Park (outside the Study Area, but on a tributary of the Mulgrave River). It was not observed in the Study Area and is extremely unlikely to occur in the slow moving and sluggish sections of Behana Creek and the Mulgrave River in the Study Area).

3.2.5 Common Mistfrog (Litoria rheocola) A moderate size frog, with males 27 - 36.4 mm and females 31.7 - 41.2 mm in length. This species appears to be confined to rainforest areas of the Atherton Tableland and surrounding areas in northeastern Queensland rainforest and wet sclerophyll forest between altitudes 0 and 1180 metres. It is found among rocks and logs in and beside swift mountain streams and waterfalls into which it jumps when disturbed (Connolly, Doak, and Pearson, 2006). L. rheocola is one of seven species of frogs occurring in the upland rainforest streams of north-eastern Queensland which have undergone rapid and substantial population declines in the last decade (Ingram and McDonald 1993, Richards et al 1993, Trennery et al 1994). Some factors affecting population size and distribution are known, but one or more major factors are unknown.

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 14 Flora and Fauna Report Survey Results There are no records of L. rheocola as occurring within the Study Area, and the species was not identified during surveys. The range of surface water features in the Mulgrave River aquifer study area are not generally regarded as potential habitat for this species which is primarily restricted to fast flowing streams. The entire distribution of this species is protected within the Wet Tropics World Heritage Area, with 32.6% of known collection sites located within national parks, 49.4% within forestry reserves, 5.6% in other reserves and 12.4% on private lands (Northern Queensland Threatened Frogs Recovery Team 2001).

3.2.6 Mangrove Orchid (Dendrobium mirbelianum) Mangrove orchid is widely recorded in the area from Northern Australia to Papua New Guinea as a medium to gigantic sized, low growing epiphyte in coastal lowland forests and swamps, or lithophyte on exposed rock outcrops in savannah regions. In north Queensland records are from tidally influenced vegetation complexes, primarily mangroves. The orchid is distinctive, with basally swollen, cane-like and leafy above carrying many, oval to ovate, thick, leathery, dark green with purple stripes leaves. Flowers are on a terminal or axillary, 20 to 45 cm long, horizontal to gracefully arching, several to many [10 to 30] flowered inflorescence with waxy, glossy, heavy textured flowers arising on old or leafed mature canes. Flowers occur throughout the year, often more than once. Owing to its desirability, the plant has been heavily harvested from the wild and is now extremely difficult to locate in easily accessible areas.

Survey Results The species has potential habitat within the intertidal mangrove swamp areas of the lower Study Area about Mutchero Inlet. These areas were surveyed by boat and where possible (and safe owing to crocodile presence) transects were undertaken in potential habitat areas. No examples were noted. There are no records from the Queensland Herbarium or the DERM (formerly Queensland EPA) Wildlife On-line databases of any known records of this species.

3.2.7 Blue Orchid (Dendrobium nindii) The blue orchid is a distinctive epiphytic orchid forming tall, slender clumps with leathery dark green leaves to 15 cm long, and long stems bearing sprays of 10-20 flowers. The species is known to occur north of the Johnstone River area, favouring lowland coastal swamps and occasionally lowland gorges and occurs as far north as Papua New Guinea. It is a highly desirable plant for cultivation, and wild populations have been systematically harvested into near extinction. Additionally, many of the coastal lowland swamps have been drained and cleared for agriculture (including nearly all swamps in the Mulgrave River Study Area), and as a result habitat opportunities are extremely limited.

Survey Results Typical coastal habitats (predominantly mangrove dominated areas) were examined in the lower reaches of the Mulgrave River but the species was not identified in any of the sites examined. There are no records from the Queensland Herbarium or the Queensland DERM (formerly EPA) Wildlife On-line databases of any known records of this species in the Study Area.

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 15 Flora and Fauna Report The species was not observed in the Study Areas though areas of likely habitat are present in the lower reaches of the Mulgrave River about Mutchero Inlet.

3.2.8 Eleocharis retroflexa Elaeocharis retroflexa is a semi-submerged member of the Cyperaceae family (sedges). It is a small sedge with 4-angled to 0.2 mm stems to 10 cm tall and grows in shallow water on the margins of seasonal swamps on lateritic substrates typical of the lower reaches of the adjacent Russell/Mulgrave River systems. Drainage of the lower areas of the Mulgrave River of much of the freshwater swamps of the study area had drastically reduced available habitat for this species.

Survey Results Groundwater dependent freshwater sedge swamps are now absent in the Mulgrave River aquifer area, and field surveys did not identify any suitable habitat nor identify any individuals of this species. There are no records from the Queensland Herbarium or by the Queensland DERM (formerly EPA) Wildlife On- line databases of any known records of this species. Suitable habitat (and all known records of the species) is known from the adjacent Russell River catchment.

3.2.9 Layered Tassel Fern (Huperzia phlegmarioides) This species of tassel-fern is epiphytic and is a desirable horticultural species listed as Vulnerable under the Nature Conservation Act 1992, and Vulnerable nationally (Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999) owing to a combination of harvesting in the wild and habitat clearing. The species is primarily associated with coastal lowland rainforests, and has a range extending from the wet tropics to Cape York Peninsula. Clearing of the majority of the lowland coastal rainforests in the Mulgrave River area has severely reduced available habitat opportunities and the species was not observed in the study area during field surveys.

Survey Results This species was extensively searched for in riparian rainforest communities, particularly the WHA section adjacent the Mulgrave River in the middle/lower reaches of the Study Area. The species is not known to occur in the Study area, with no formal records from the Queensland Herbarium or the Queensland DERM (formerly EPA) Wildlife On-line database. The species was not observed in the survey areas during field investigations, and given the highly disturbed and fragmented nature of much of the riparian coastal lowland area is unlikely to be present.

3.2.10 Ant Plant (Myrmecodia beccarii) This epiphytic species was identified during the field surveys in 2007. The species is generally associated with the intertidal area of the lower Mulgrave, particularly in mangrove forests on the edge of the landward side. The species was not common, with only three individuals observed. All the observations were on the extreme southern boundary of the Study Area, and were in areas not predicted to be impacted by any abstraction from the Mulgrave River aquifer, as the host species habitat for this species is tidally dependent and not groundwater dependent.

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 16 Flora and Fauna Report Myrmecodia beccarii (ant plant), one of three individuals observed in melaleuca forest at the southern extremity of the Study Area.

3.2.11 Spectacled Flying fox (Pteropus conspicillatus) The spectacled flying fox has declined rapidly in population numbers in the last two decades as a result of habitat clearing and loss of foraging areas, and has been identified as ‘vulnerable’ by the Commonwealth under the provisions of the EPBC. Flying foxes are a common sight in the region, but large flocks are now a rarity. Flying foxes were observed on a number of occasions as individuals or in small family groups within the aquifer study area, but only one camp (of several hundred bats) was located in the lower Mulgrave on the edge of Mutchero Inlet in a mixed mangrove/paperbark community. It is likely that the riparian vegetation along the Mulgrave River provides important foraging for this species, which specialises in rainforest (and orchard) fruits, and in blossoms particularly of paperbark (melaleuca) species. However, owing to the limited extent of remnant riparian vegetation only very small populations of flying foxes could be expected to be supported by the riparian vegetation alone and it is more likely that the extensive rainforest of the WTQWHA adjacent the Study Area provide the critical resources necessary for this species.

3.2.12 White-breasted Sea-eagle (Haliaeetus leucogaster) This eagle is the second largest eagle in Australia (after the wedge-tailed eagle) and is an extremely distinctive large bird. This bird was identified roosting on trees and in flight over in the lower Mulgrave River, near the Deeral Landing. It is a nomadic species and is listed as Migratory under the provisions of the EPBC, although it tends to be more nomadic within a large home range than truly migratory. This species nests in tall emergent trees near water, and it is highly probable that this species could have a nest somewhere in the study area, although no nest was located. As its name suggests this species primarily frequents the coastline, although it has been formally recorded in western Queensland, emphasising the huge area that this species can cover. The eagle will prey on virtually any animal, but particularly includes fish (which it actively takes from the water), mammals, waterfowl and will eat carrion such as dugong carcasses or trawler bycatch washed up on beaches.

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 17 Flora and Fauna Report 3.2.13 Estuarine Crocodile (Crocodylus porosus), The estuarine (or salt-water) crocodile is ubiquitous in coastal rivers and streams in northern Australia, and its presence should be anticipated in any such water in the tropics. It was expected that during field surveys GHD staff encountered three different reptiles (two in excess of three metres long) in various parts of the Mulgrave River, and given the territoriality of the species it is highly probable each animal had a home range that was roughly centred on its location. Crocodiles will feed on almost any prey, and the abundance of fish (and feral pigs in the lower Mulgrave) ensures that a ready resource is always available. The largest animal was identified in the lower Mulgrave River (Mutchero Inlet) in an area of mixed wetland/rainforest mosaic, and these vegetation complexes are often the preferred areas for female crocodiles to build nests for egg incubation away from the main river channel. Opportunities for nesting are extremely limited outside the Mutchero Inlet area as the vegetation outside the immediate tidal estuary area has primarily been cleared, and where present is mostly complex rainforest unsuitable for nesting.

Estuarine crocodile on banks of Mulgrave River near Aloomba

3.3 Queensland Species of Conservation Significance In addition to the species identified by the Commonwealth in the PER guidelines, field surveys identified a number of other listed protected species during the course of the field work. These include plants listed under the EPBC and the Queensland Nature Conservation Act. Four other plant species of conservation significance were confirmed as occurring within the aquifer study area as a result of the field investigations, these included:

Myrmecodia beccarii (ant plant); listed as Vulnerable under the EPBC and Vulnerable under the Queensland Nature Conservation Act;

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 18 Flora and Fauna Report Torrenticola queenslandica (no common name), listed as Vulnerable under the Queensland Nature Conservation Act;

Pseuduvaria mulgraveana, listed as Rare under the Queensland Nature Conservation Act.

Polyalthia patinata (syn. Polyalthia sp Wyvuri B.P.Hyland RFK2632) listed as Rare under the Queensland Nature Conservation Act.

3.3.1 Myrmecodia beccarii Previously described in the Section above.

3.3.2 Torrenticola queenslandica This species is a submerged macrophyte growing as a lithophyte on granite boulders in fast flowing reaches of rainforest streams commonly encountered in the Wet Tropics. This species was identified beneath the Bruce Highway crossing of Figtree Creek (refer Figure 10) growing as a colony on granite substrate. This was on the very edge of the Study Area (approximately 20m AHD). There were additional sightings of this species in other streams, but all of these were westwards of the Study Area at higher altitudes within the WHA.

Torrenticola queenslandica growing on granite substrates in Figtree Creek underneath the Bruce Highway bridge over the creek.

3.3.3 Pseuduvaria mulgraveana var mulgraveana Pseuduvaria mulgraveana var. mulgraveana is a small tree/shrub, and three individuals were identified in riparian rainforest in the middle to lower reaches of the Mulgrave River. The species is commonly found in mesophyll and complex mesophyll rainforest in the area south of Cairns, and its presence in complex mesophyll vine forest in the Study Area is not unexpected. The species tolerates a range of soil and drainage conditions, but is more common on the well drained lower ridges and footslopes of the adjacent foothills than in coastal, less well drained soils. It is not a species directly reliant on groundwater resources, but in the location that it was identified in the surrounding community was considered to be seasonally groundwater dependent.

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 19 Flora and Fauna Report Pseuduvaia mulgraveana var mulgravean in complex mesophyll vine forest on alluvium in the mid/lower reaches of the Mulgrave River

3.3.4 Polyalthia patinata This is a small to medium tree (to 20m) of relatively common occurrence in rainforest in coastal areas between Cairns and Innisfail. In the Study Area one tree and one sapling (same locality) were identified in rainforest on the banks of the Mulgrave River near the southern end of the Study Area (towards Mutchero Inlet). The species was observed in a community dominated by feather palms (Archontonphoenix alexandrae) which are considered to be very vulnerable to changes in groundwater status. Locations for all the survey results are provided in the Figure over.

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 20 Flora and Fauna Report Figure 1: Regional Ecosystem Conservation Status and Protected Species Observation

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 21 Flora and Fauna Report 3.4 Pest Species The two primary invasive species of concern are the introduced fish Tilapia mariae (mangrove cichlid or tilapia), and the widespread tree Annona glabra (pond apple). Both species are abundant and locally dominant in the Mulgrave River aquifer study area and are also present in Behana Creek. The Mulgrave River is a major research study area by government agencies in terms of examining the impacts of both of these species. There is interest in the potential change of river base flows as a result of abstraction on the abundance and distribution of these species. Two serious riparian weed grass species Hymenachne amplexicaulis and Urochloa mutica (para grass) also occur in the Mulgrave River aquifer study area.

3.4.1 Tilapia mariae Tilapia can mature from 9-18 cm in smaller sizes but can measure up to 40 cm in total length. Adults have a strongly compressed and oval-shaped body, with large eyes, rounded snout and small mouth with thickened lips, compared to that of the juveniles. Both sexes are similar in size and appearance with dark olive green to light yellow green with 8-9 dark bars (less evident in adults and 2-6 large dark spots along middle of side between the bars (JCU, 2006). It is mainly planktivore (feeding on unicell algae), but is an opportunistic feed on filamentous and blue green algae, detritus, leafy aquatic plants, invertebrates and fish eggs (JCU, 2006).

Tilapia mariae

Tilapia inhabits still or flowing water in rocky or mud-bottom areas, in both non-tidal and estuarine reaches. It was introduced to Australia for aquarium trade and is now present in three catchments in northern Queensland: the Barron River, the Mulgrave-Russell system and the North and South Johnstone Rivers system (JCU, 2006). Tilapia are distributed in the Mulgrave River from the tidal areas in the Deeral township locality to areas upstream of the river outside of the aquifer area (to at least Peets Bridge). It occurs in Behana Creek, but do not prefer faster flowing or saline habitats. It is known to breed in all cane drains, minor waterways, as well as Behana Creek downstream of the Bruce Highway and the Mulgrave River itself. Unlike many native freshwater fishes, tipalia are able to retreat downstream into highly saline waters during drought and move back upstream when conditions improve. This ability gives them the advantage to live in a more conducive habitat than the native fish species.

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 22 Flora and Fauna Report Tilapia invasion to local river systems have dominated many aquatic habitats due to its highly efficient reproductive strategy, simple food requirements and its ability to live in a variety of conditions. In addition, its aggressiveness helps effectively in competing for habitat and food (DPI&F, 2009).

3.4.2 Annona glabra Annona glabra, pond apple, is a widespread small tree originally introduced as rootstock for the commercial custard apple in 1912. It is a semi-deciduous tree that grows to 3-6 m in height and can reach up to 15 m. The tree is now a widespread pest of artificial drains, riverbanks, and most brackish and tidally influenced swamps in north Queensland. It covers around 2000 ha of the wet tropics between Cardwell and Cooktown. The pond apple seeds and fruits are easily dispersed by water and animals, which contributes to its wide distribution. This tree requires moist soil with regular inundations of fresh to brackish water (DPI&F, 2007). Pond apple is a major environmental weed of the Wet Tropics bioregion of Far North Queensland and a Weed of National Significance (WONS). It has an alarming ability to invade relatively undisturbed areas. It is also a pioneering tree and will opportunistically invade areas after disturbance such as cyclones and floods. Disturbed flood-prone ecosystems are most at risk from pond apple invasion, particularly mangroves, melaleuca woodlands, riparian areas, drainage lines, coastal dunes and islands (DPI&F, 2007).

Field Surveys Pond apple was widespread and evident in most reaches of the Mulgrave River and Behana Creek. The densest areas of infestation were observed in the lower reaches of the Mulgrave River, where mature pond apple was observed overtopping the canopy of many rainforest trees in these areas with estimated heights exceeding 20m. These areas were generally in the intertidal areas of the Mulgrave River and subject to a daily tidal variation in river height. Generally isolated individuals and small groves were identified the entire length of the Mulgrave River, and lower Behana Creek. The species was less common in the mid – reaches of Behana Creek, and not observed in the reaches of Behana Creek above the Bruce Highway.

3.4.3 Hymenachne (Hymenachne amplexicaulis) This weed is a perennial, robust grass to 2.5 m tall and can grow above or below water, with its roots in the ground. Introduced as a ponded pasture species, hymenachne occurs in all seasonally flooded tropical wetlands, which makes the Mulgrave River valley a conducive habitat. Its ability to reproduce both from seed and broken stem fragments makes this species amenable to rapid distribution by both animals (particularly water birds) and flooding events. Being an aggressive species, hymenachne can outcompete many native species, and in areas of dense infestations precludes seedling establishment and creates conditions favourable to the entrapment of sediment, enabling further recruitment of the species.

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 23 Flora and Fauna Report Field Surveys Hymenachne does not tolerate brackish water and does not thrive in well shaded areas. The greatest density of hymenachne was observed in cane drains, minor tributaries and along open banks of the Mulgrave River and Behana Creek where riparian cover was minimal, in the mid to upper reaches of both systems.

3.4.4 Para grass (Urochloa mutica) Para grass (Urochloa mutica) is a perennial grass and ubiquitous to North Queensland tropical streams. It grows up to 1 m in height with hollow and robust stems and generally dominates the shallow water and banks of any area of disturbed riparian habitat along the freshwater margins of all streams in the Wet Tropics. Similar to hymenachne, the species was introduced as a ponded pasture fodder species, and since has become well established in north Queensland wetlands and waterways. This plant can be a very aggressive invader, particularly in low-lying ungrazed areas and in sugar cane crops. It is often found in wet situations, especially drains, but will also grow in deep soils in non-swampy areas. The ability to thrive in wet areas highlights its potential as a threat to natural wetland ecosystems.

Field Surveys Paragrass cannot establish in deep (below .5 to 1m) water, and cannot tolerate saline conditions or areas of deep shade. Consequently the species is not established in densely vegetated rainforest clad riparian areas, but rapidly colonises sand and gravel bars, disturbed banks and areas of poor riparian cover. This grass was observed to dominate most open riparian areas along both the Mulgrave River and Behana Creek, sometimes in association with hymenachne, which is able to establish in deeper water.

3.5 Vegetation Communities The Mulgrave River aquifer area is generally demarcated by the extent of alluvium deposition in the river valley, approximating the 20 m topographic contour line. Within this boundary the Mulgrave River valley has been extensively cleared, with less than 10% of the original vegetation remaining. This remnant vegetation consists primarily as a discontinuous band of riparian vegetation on the Mulgrave River and tributaries. The largest tract of continuous vegetation in the Study Area is in the southern section, and consists primarily of extensive mangrove and mixed intertidal swamps areas at the limit of the aquifers. Regional ecosystems are the basis upon which the Vegetation Management Act 1999 (VMA) is based. Across Queensland the Environmental Protection Agency (now DERM) has mapped and classified vegetation based on parent geology and substrate, landform and floristic composition. These mapped units are referred to as ‘regional ecosystems’ and are conferred a conservation status under the VMA based on the threat level to the regional ecosystem across the state and on the remaining proportion of the regional ecosystem by comparisons with pre-clearing (eg: comparison between before European settlement and current extent of clearing of that regional ecosystem). Over 90% of the Study Area has been cleared of vegetation, which in pre-European times was primarily a mosaic dominated by various rainforest regional ecosystems. Across the state, the particular types of rainforest that dominated the Mulgrave River valley have been cleared to less than 25% of its original extent, and consequently the majority of the vegetation in the Mulgrave River aquifer study area has

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 24 Flora and Fauna Report been classified as endangered’ under the Vegetation Management Act 1999 (refer Table 4). Thirteen regional ecosystems occur within the aquifer study area. Of these, five are classified under the Vegetation Management Act as endangered, two are classified as ‘of concern’, and the remaining six are classified as ‘not of concern’. The most extensive of the remnant vegetation in the aquifer area of influence is endangered complex/mixed mesophyll vine forest types, typified by species which have a seasonal groundwater dependency. The remnant regional ecosystems represented in the study area can be broadly broken down into groundwater dependent ecosystems (riparian vegetation, swamp/swales and other such communities) and non-groundwater dependent ecosystems (generally vegetation above the 20m contour interval), and including some eucalypt and bloodwood dominated communities. The groundwater dependent ecosystems can be further subdivided into two types: an obligate riparian ecosystem reliant on a combination of groundwater/surface interactions, and the other an entirely groundwater dependent system. The first is the representative riparian vegetation of the Mulgrave River and tributaries, consisting of a mosaic of vegetation (mostly rainforest) communities with distinctive species assemblages. The second are obligate groundwater ecosystems (palm/tea tree swamps) to be found in the vegetation communities of the lower Mulgrave River, adjacent Mutchero inlet, and extending a short way up the Mulgrave River into the aquifer study area. The non-swamp vegetation communities are primarily seasonally dependent on the aquifer. That is, it is ground water dependent during the dry season, and maintained by surface water infiltration during the rest of the year. These seasonally dependent ground water ecosystems are represented along most of the length of the Mulgrave River by varied mosaics of riparian rainforest dominated regional ecosystems. A summary of the regional ecosystems and their groundwater dependency is shown in the following table.

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 25 Flora and Fauna Report Table 4: Summary of Regional Ecosystems and Groundwater Dependencies

Regional Ecosystem Conservation Notes Groundwater Dependency Status under the Qld Vegetation Management Act

Mangrove forests on coastal lowland Not of Concern Extensive areas occur to the Not connected to the saline alluvial soils (RE 7.1.1) north of Gordonvale and aquifer. Not dependent on surrounding Mutchero Inlet. groundwater interactions.

Alexandra palm (Archontophoenix Endangered Occurs primarily at southern Groundwater dependent alexandrae) swamp vine forest on end of aquifer at the vegetation. Two variations very wet poorly drained fertile landward interface of present of this type, with lowlands (RE 7.3.3). (see note at end intertidal and terrestrial varying degrees of of section). ecosystems. dependency. Groundwater to these communities supplied by primarily surface runoff from the Malbon Thomson Ranges, and not from aquifer.

Swamp paperbark (Melaleuca Of Concern Small areas occur around Groundwater dependent quinquenervia) open forest on very Mutchero Inlet. ecosystem. Once wet and wet poorly drained lowlands widespread in lower (RE 7.3.5) Mulgrave River, now reduced to small remnants in

Paperbark (Melaleuca leucadendra ± Endangered Occurs primarily at southern Seasonally groundwater M. quinquenervia ± M. dealbata) open end of aquifer, although a dependent. Reliant on forest, ± an under storey of vine forest small area occurs along a surface flows during wet species, on very wet poorly drained stream feeding into Trinity season, but groundwater lowlands (RE 7.3.6). Inlet. dependent during dry.

Coastal floodplain forest red Endangered Occurs primarily at southern Groundwater dependent gum/melaleuca (Eucalyptus end of aquifer study area. ecosystem, but outside the tereticornis/Melaleuca spp.) open Occurs entirely within the sphere of influence of the forest complex on moist to very wet World Heritage Area. Mulgrave River aquifer. poorly drained lowlands (RE 7.3.7).

Complex mesophyll vine forest on Endangered Mapped with other Seasonally groundwater very wet well drained fertile lowland communities along the dependent. During dry alluvial soils (RE 7.3.10) middle reaches of the seasons and low flow events Mulgrave River and tributary maintained by aquifer streams. connection to riparian areas.

Forest red gum (Eucalyptus Endangered Occurs in Mulgrave Valley Seasonally groundwater tereticornis) woodland, or popular gum upstream of the Bruce dependent during prolonged (E. platyphylla) and Clarkson's Highway Bridge. Also dry season events. bloodwood (Corymbia clarksoniana) mapped in small areas woodland on very wet to wet, well around Trinity Inlet. drained lowland alluvial soils (RE 7.3.12).

Complex mesophyll vine forest on Not of Concern Occurs primarily on foothills Not a groundwater very wet, well drained lowland and surrounding aquifer area. dependent ecosystem, but foothill piedmont fans (RE 7.3.17) has many species shared with riparian complex rainforest.

Pink bloodwood (Corymbia Not of Concern Occurs primarily on foothills Not a groundwater intermedia) woodland on moist to dry surrounding aquifer area. dependent ecosystem, no metamorphic foothills and uplands connection to the aquifer. (RE 7.11.19)

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 26 Flora and Fauna Report Regional Ecosystem Conservation Notes Groundwater Dependency Status under the Qld Vegetation Management Act

Mesophyll riparian vine forest on moist Of Concern Riparian community occurs in Seasonally groundwater well drained lowland alluvial levees small patches along the dependent. During dry (RE 7.3.22) Mulgrave River lower Behana seasons and low flow events Creek and streams feeding maintained by aquifer into Trinity Inlet. connection to riparian areas.

Riparian herbfield/shrubland on river Endangered The community is mapped Seasonally groundwater and stream bed alluvia (RE 7.3.28) along the Mulgrave River as dependent. During wet far as the tidal limit. season is completely inundated, but during dry season reliant on aquifer connection.

Complex notophyll vine forest with Not of Concern Occurs on foothills and hills Not a groundwater kauri pine (Agathis robusta) with a southerly to easterly dependent ecosystem, no emergents on moist metamorphic aspect surrounding aquifer connection to aquifer. foothills and uplands (RE 7.11.7) area.

Red stringy bark (Eucalyptus pellita) Not of Concern Mapped on foothills and hills Not a groundwater woodland of the wet to moist surrounding aquifer area. dependent ecosystem in the metamorphic lowlands and foothills study area, no direct (RE 7.11.17) connection to the aquifer.

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 27 Flora and Fauna Report 3.6 Regional Ecosystem Types and Integrity The Mulgrave River aquifer area is dominated by rural land uses although there is an increasing expansion of residential development particularly in the upper Mulgrave River valley, and in the area about Gordonvale. Although the Mulgrave River catchment has had extensive development of agriculture, particularly sugar cane in the middle and lower reaches, the upper reaches are well protected by World Heritage listing. Within the immediate aquifer study area, less than 10% of the original vegetation of the Mulgrave River coastal valley remains, and faunal habitats have consequently been subjected to a variety of ongoing impacts. Habitats within the aquifer Study Area are represented by the following:

Terrestrial habitats – naturally vegetated areas now comprising primarily discontinuous riparian vegetation along the Mulgrave River and associated tributaries;

Intertidal and wetland habitats – areas of lower Mulgrave River influenced by tidal activity and comprising a mosaic of vegetation community types dominated by mangroves;

Estuary (marine) habitats – the extreme lower end of the study area with permanent saline water present; and

Freshwater habitats – instream habitats with little to no tidal impacts and dominated by freshwater flows. The river maintains natural in-stream connectivity by virtue of its perennial nature and replenishment via wet season flows. However, some in-stream habitat values have been lost due to reduced riparian vegetation and intensive land use such as grazing and cropping. The intensive land use and reduced riparian vegetation have resulted in sedimentation and changes to the natural habitat (Rayment and Bohl, 2002). Despite the regular heavy rainfall experienced in the area, lower floodplain areas have been extensively drained and cleared. Where the area was once dominated by lowland rainforest and wetlands, there is little remnant habitat remaining. Each of the habitats represented has been affected by anthropogenic activity at differing levels, and subsequently the integrity of each of the above is consequentially variable. These habitat types also have differing attributes in relation to their vulnerability to impacts arising from abstraction from the Mulgrave River aquifer.

3.6.1 Groundwater Dependent Systems and Conservation Status Feather palm swamp wetlands are found in the lowland floodplain and estuarine complexes of river drainage systems. They occur in very wet lowland swamps, generally less than 15 m above sea level, on waterlogged alluvial soils where the watertable is always very high. The soils of these areas are derived from basaltic and granitic parent material, and are generally highly fertile when drained. The agricultural potential of these wetlands was recognised soon after European settlement and consequently they have largely been cleared. Those that remain today are generally on poorer soils. Feather palms get their common name from their pinnate (featherlike) leaves that reach up to two metres long. The palms grow to approximately 20 m tall and dominate the swamp wetland, with up to 150 000 stems per hectare in some sites. Seedling palms form up to 95% of the total number of palm stems. Feather palm swamp wetlands formerly occurred on the coastal plain most frequently between Tully and Cairns. However, from an original extent of 4 648 ha, less than 1 821 ha of feather palm swamp

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 28 Flora and Fauna Report wetlands remain in scattered remnants extending along the coastal strip from just north of the Daintree River in the north to just south of Ingham in the south (a range of only 225 km). Of this, the majority (1 013 ha) of feather palm swamp wetland remnants occur on national park tenure. A further 631 ha occur on freehold land — commonly on agricultural land as strips and patches along drainage lines. This community was previously a distinctive feature of the lower Mulgrave River Study Area, and now only exists as endangered remnants in the southern and lower middle reaches of the Mulgrave River. Two types of feather palm swamp wetland occur in different positions along the Mulgrave River (Stanton and Stanton, 2004, Small 1999): a “Barringtonia type” occurs on low-lying aggrading sediments, and has freshwater mangrove Barringtonia racemosa as a commonly occurring subcanopy species. This variation is present in the lower middle reaches of the Mulgrave River and is directly groundwater dependent on the aquifer/river connection. A second feather palm swamp wetland type occurs in topographical depressions in alluvial areas remote from active channels. These primarily occur in the lower reaches of the Mulgrave River near Mutchero inlet, and are more often on the landward side of the intertidal zone. Its presence in saline influenced areas is made possible by the surface water runoff from Malbon Thompson Range ameliorating the intertidal saline conditions. These remnants contain species that are shared with adjacent mesophyll vine forests and are more floristically complex than other feather palm community variation. In a 1998 study (CSIRO Hopkins and Graham), 191 species of plants were recorded in feather palm swamp wetlands. Of these, 60% were scattered emergent trees, some reaching 36 m in height, each species generally occurring only in small numbers, and often in only a few individual sites. Other plants included a variety of shrubs, vines, epiphytes and herbs. Most species in the palm swamp wetlands were found relatively widespread in other forest types beyond the feather palm swamp wetlands, and often reflected the species composition of neighbouring rainforest communities. Feather palms have very shallow root systems (less than 2 m) that are incapable of reaching any groundwater at depth, and are not considered to be ground water dependent on the resources of the Mulgrave River aquifer in the landscape positions in which they occur. In the Mutchero Inlet area, at the junction of the Russell/Mulgrave Rivers, the juxtaposition of the communities to the Bellenden Ker Range (which receives in excess of 9m of rainfall in a year) allows recharge of the communities by shallow subsurface flows from this range and enables these palm communities to survive in tidal conditions.

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 29 Flora and Fauna Report Figure 2: Vegetation Communities and Groundwater Dependencies

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 30 Flora and Fauna Report 3.7 Aquatic Values

3.7.1 Fish Species Aquatic habitats consist of two key types, the daily tidal area of the Mulgrave River considered permanently estuarine (generally from the Deeral Landing to the mouth), and the middle to upper reaches of the Mulgrave and Behana Creek, generally with little to no tidal activity, dominated by freshwater flows and mostly a gently sloping river bed with steeply rising tributaries (Pusey et al. 1995). The demarcation between these two habitats is blurred by the tidal regime of the Mulgrave River, which extends along most of the middle reaches of the Mulgrave River to a point approximately east of Aloomba. Consequently, there is a rather eclectic assemblage of aquatic species ranging from entirely estuarine obligate, to entirely freshwater obligate, with a wide range of species able to tolerate either fresh or saline water conditions for varying lengths of time. Some species, such as barramundi, are dependent during its life cycles on both fresh and saline conditions. Consequently, it is not unexpected that the Mulgrave River and Bahana Creek has one of the highest diversities of fish species in the region with over 70 species recorded, four of which are endemic and three introduced (Pusey et al. 1995, Rayner 2007) with forty-six freshwater fish species reported from Behana Creek alone. The studies of the Mulgrave River catchment have variously reported:

Thirty-six species from the range of habitats within the Mulgrave River (Pusey et al. 1995);

Ninety-four species in the Russel and Mulgrave Rivers from the estuary to the upper catchment though a large proportion of these (56) were estuarine species from Mutchero Inlet (Russell et al. (2004);

Thirty species from four streams in the Russel/Mulgrave catchments (Pusey et al. 2007); and

Thirty-six species in the lowland main channel sites of the Mulgrave River (Rayner 2007). The species captured in these studies and those reported in Pusey et al. (2004), their distribution and habitat requirements are presented in Table 5. Only species that have been reported as occurring in the Mulgrave River are included in Table 5, with those reported in Russell et al. (2004) that were mostly estuarine species in Table 5. The fish present in the Mulgrave River are typical of the rivers and streams of the Wet Tropics region where rainbowfish, blue-eyes, glassfish, catfish and grunters are the most common families and gobys and gudgeons the most speciose families (Kroon and Johnson 2006, Pusey et al. 2007). The most abundant species in the River include empire gudgeon (Hypseleotris compressa), eastern rainbowfish (Melanotaenia splendida), Cairns rainbowfish (Cairnsichthys rhombosomoides), eel-tailed catfish (Tandanus tandanus), Pacific blue-eye (Pseudomugil signifier), Mulgrave River goby (Glossobius sp. 4), long-finned eel (Anguilla reinhardtii) and fly-specked hardyhead (Craterocephalus stercusmuscarum) (Pusey et al.1995, Pusey at al. 2007).

Within the Mulgrave River catchment habitat structure and diversity, stream width and substrate, extent of riparian cover and catchment position and area all influence fish assemblage structure (Pusey et al. 1995, Pusey et al. 2007). Generally diversity decreases upstream with the decreasing stream size, catchment area and diversity of habitats. The small tributaries and streams usually with higher gradient, faster flows and coarser substrate have mostly small species such as rainbowfish (eg Cairns rainbowfish), some gobies (eg Mulgrave River goby) and gudgeons (eg Purple-spotted gudgeon). While

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 31 Flora and Fauna Report the larger downstream river has more diverse habitats and an increasingly complex community structure that include those fish with an estuarine phase and the larger carnivorous species such as catfish, jungle perch and barramundi (Pusey et al. 1995, Russell et al. 2004, Pusey et al. 2007). It has been suggested that the predictable and constant flow regimes of the Mulgrave River may have allowed the development of restricted habitat preferences by some of the fish species and this may account for the high diversity of fish within this system. This high diversity of freshwater fishes and low number of introduced species suggest that the Mulgrave River retains high ecological value, is considered ‘healthy’ and is one of the Wet Tropics most important catchments with respect to maintaining fish assemblages (NQ Joint Board 1998, Pusey et al. 2007).

For many of the fish in the Mulgrave River the reproductive biology is not fully understood; for some it is entirely unknown and for others the spawning behaviour is known but not its timing. The reproductive modes include those that are entirely freshwater and those that migrate to spawn, either into estuarine/marine waters or upstream into freshwater. Nearly all the Mulgrave River fish whose timing of spawning is known have been reported as spawning during the summer months, that is, in the wet season. There are a few species, for example the Roman nose goby, that spawn over a longer period that includes both the wet and dry season; spawn opportunistically at any time of the year (Blue-eyes), or have a peak spawning in winter-spring (though spawning fish are present from April-December (Cairns rainbowfish) (Table 5). Only three fish are thought to spawn during the dry season in the Mulgrave River, though this timing is only a suggestion based on very limited data. A cardinal fish (mouth almighty) is thought to spawn at this time so the young are large enough to feed on the increased numbers of small fishes present in the wet season however this species has also been recorded as spawning in the wet season in the Northern Territory. The Mulgrave River goby’s and the scaleless goby’s reproductive biology knowledge is very limited and based on collection of gravid females from August to November for the former and August for the latter which led to the suggestion that these species both spawn during the dry season (Pusey et al. 2004). The majority of the fish in the Mulgrave River are reported to be tolerant of a fairly wide range of environmental conditions; variations in dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, conductivity and turbidity. The environmental tolerances of most of the gobies and some gudgeons are less well known as the only information available is based on ambient conditions in the water at the time the species was collected and was generally found to be typical of rainforest streams and rivers of the region.

3.7.2 Endemic, Rare and Protected Fish There are a number of freshwater fish species in the Mulgrave River system that are endemic, rare, protected and/or have restricted distributions (Table 5):

Endemic to Wet Tropics region- Cairns rainbowfish, Mulgrave River goby, scaleless goby and Tully grunter;

Endemic to Australia- catfish (Hyrtl’s tandan, eel-tailed catfish), Pacific blue-eye, bullrout, Agassiz’s glassfish, Allen’s cling goby and purple-spotted gudgeon;

Rare - Agassiz’s perchlet and purple-spotted gudgeon;

Protected - belly pipefish and short-tailed river pipefish;

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 32 Flora and Fauna Report Restricted distribution- all the rainbowfish and blue-eyes, fly-specked hardyhead, sooty grunter, Roman nose goby, flag-tailed glassfish, sand bream and most of the gudgeons- greenback guavina, brown gudgeon, ebony gudgeon, snakehead gudgeon, empire gudgeon and Aru gudgeon. The four species present in the Mulgrave River that are endemic to the Wet Tropics region are described in more detail below: Cairns rainbowfish (Cairnsichthys rhombosomoides), Mulgrave River goby (Glossobius sp. 4), scaleless goby (Schismatogobius sp.) and Tully grunter (Hephaestus tulliensis).

Cairns rainbowfish (Cairnsichthys rhombosomoides) is limited to the Wet Tropics region most likely between Trinity Inlet and Hull River near Mission Beach (Table 5). It is widespread and abundant in the Mulgrave/Russell and Johnstone Rivers and occurs in small adventitious lowland streams and small upland tributary streams below 100m a.s.l with good riparian cover and mostly shallow (30-50 cm) areas of high water quality. It appears to tolerate a range in temperature (15-28qC), dissolved oxygen (5-10 mg/L), pH 5-8, conductivity 6-63 PS/cm) and turbudity (0.2-18 NTU). Spawning fish are present from April-December with peak spawning activity from August to October. Fecundity increases with body size, eggs are small and numerous and deposited in batches within rootmasses. Larvae are confined to areas of zero flow close to some form of cover and away from areas of bright sunlight. The diet of this species is not well documented but appears to be dominated by small terrestrial invertebrates (Pusey et al. 2004). This species is listed as Rare by the Action Plan for Australian Freshwater Fishes (Wagner and Jackson 1993) and Vulnerable by the Australian Society for Fish Biology ASFB (2003). The Mulgrave River goby (Glossobius sp 4) apparently has a very restricted distribution that is limited to discrete rivers and creeks in Far North Queensland (Table 5). It is widely distributed and moderately abundant in the Mulgrave River and is present in a range of habitats from the main river channel to small tributary streams, though most abundant in medium-sized streams with moderate riparian cover and rapid, riffle and run habitats. It occurs in a wide range of water speeds and depths and is a benthic species most commonly found in coarse substrates. It has mostly been recorded in areas of high water quality with ranges in temperature typical of Wet Tropics rainforest streams (17-27qC), dissolved oxygen levels typical of riffle/rapid habitats (6-11 mg/L), pH near neutral (6-8), low conductivity (13-47PS/cm) and high water clarity (0.4-2 NTU) (though this may be a reflection of values at the time of sampling rather than tolerances). Very little is known about their reproductive biology, except that spawning probably occurs during the dry season at a time of low, relatively stable flows and that the life history is most likely entirely in freshwater. The diet in the dry season was observed to consist almost entirely of immature stages of aquatic insects in riffle habitats (Pusey et al. 2004). Its highly restricted distribution has led to conservation listing of this species. It is currently listed as Lower Risk-Near Threatened by the ASFB (2003) and Rare by the Action Plan for Australian Freshwater Fishes (Wagner and Jackson 1993). The scaleless goby (Schismatogobius sp.) is limited to the Wet Tropics region and has been recorded in drainages from the Endeavour to Liverpool (Table 5). It is not an abundant or frequently encountered species and has a highly restricted habitat preference, confined to about 3m at the head of a riffle or rapid with swiftly flowing water within 50km of the river mouth and <50m a.s.l. It most commonly occurs in the transitional area between pools and rapids in shallow (30cm) water and is a benthic species that is found in the interstices of rock and cobble substrate. Pusey et al. (2004) p466 states that “this is perhaps the most restricted habitat requirement at all scales in the hierarchical habitat array, of any of the species in the region studied by us”. The environmental tolerances are little known, though all occurrences of this fish have been in areas of extremely good water quality. Reproductive information is from two individuals and suggest that spawning occurs in the dry season low and stable flows and that each females spawns once only and maybe only with one male. The diet is most likely small insect

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 33 Flora and Fauna Report larvae typical of fast flowing streams (Pusey et al. 2004). This species is listed as Non-Threatened by Wagner and Jackson (1993) and not listed by the ASFB. Pusey et al. (2004) suggests that the restricted distribution of this species, similar to the Cairns rainbowfish and Mulgrave River goby warrant reassessment of the conservation status of this species. The Tully grunter (Hephaestus tulliensis) is limited to the Wet Tropics region and has been reported between Daintree River and the Herbert River (Table 5). It is abundant and widespread with juveniles frequently seen foraging in loose schools in open areas of stream-bed while adults are considered solitary. It occurs in a wide range of habitats from small headwater tributary streams to large lowland river areas, though is most common in fourth–order streams with intact riparian cover, 40cm deep, moderately fast flowing water and diverse substrate. Its environmental tolerances appear to be fairly wide ranging, though Pusey et al. (2004) urges caution in interpreting the available information as it is based in ambient conditions over three years in streams it has been recorded from; temperature (18- 32qC), dissolved oxygen (5-9 mg/L); pH of 6-8; conductivity (8-68PS/cm) and turbidity of 0.3-30 NTU). Its reproductive biology is almost entirely unknown. Two individuals have been observed spawning in shallow still water near to a fast flowing rapid and there is anecdotal evidence that an upstream spawning migration may occur. The diet in the dry season was observed to be dominated by aquatic insects and aquatic plant material with ontogenetic variation in the diet, for example, larger fish consumed similar amounts of filamentous algae and macrophytes while small fish consumed only filamentous algae. This species has no conservation status listing; despite a restricted distribution it is locally abundant (Pusey et al. 2004).

Two other fish species are listed as rare by the Action Plan for Freshwater Fish (Wagner and Jackson 1993): the purple-spotted gudgeon (Mogdurna adspersa) and Agassiz’s perchlet (Amabssis agassizi); the former most likely based on substantial declines of their distribution and abundance in the southern portion of the Murray-Darling Basin and the latter on declines in populations of inland populations (Pusey et al. 2004).

There are four freshwater pipefish present in Australia, two of which have been recorded from the Mulgrave River; Belly pipefish (Hippichthys heptagonus) (Jones et al. 2007) and Short-tailed river pipefish (Microphis brachyurus brachyurus) (Rayner 2007). The Belly Pipefish occurs elsewhere in the world, in Australia its distribution is limited to the east coast of Australia from Cape York to northern New South Wales (Allen et al. 2002) and it may have restricted habitat requirements; limited to lower reaches of freshwater systems by the availability of the predominant prey, planktonic crustaceans (Table 5) (Jones et al. 2007).

The Short-tailed River Pipefish occurs in Asia and Oceania but in Australia has a distribution restricted to Cape York (Allen et al. 2002) and more recently has been recorded from the Mulgrave River (Rayner 2007). It is present in freshwater streams, rivers and estuaries in relatively shallow (25-150 cm), still to slow-flowing water. Juveniles and subadults are usually found in estuaries while adults are found upstream in freshwater areas (Table 5) (Froese and Pauly 2009). All sygnathids (seahorse and pipefish) are protected in Australia with both of these species on the List of Marine Species of the EPBC Act.

3.7.3 Introduced Fish Species Of concern are three fish species, mangrove cichlid (tilapia), guppy (Poecilia reticulata) and platy (Xiphophorus maculatus), and all of which have been identified in a Vertebrate Pest Risk Assessment developed by the Rainforest CRC (Harrison and Congdon 2001). Tilapia is considered a noxious pest

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 34 Flora and Fauna Report species and discussed in detail above (Section 3.4). The guppy was introduced mainly for mosquito control and as an aquarium fish and has established wild populations in eastern and southern Australia. They can survive conditions that native fish cannot and have the potential to dominate waterways, fish communities and cause habitat disturbance and are considered a potential pest; Table 5 describes their habitat requirements. The platy are an introduced popular aquarium fish that are established around Brisbane and the Wet Tropics region and similarly to the guppy are able to survive in habitats that native fish cannot (Table 5). This, in addition to their high fecundity allows them to dominate waterways particularly those that have become very degraded and they are considered a potential pest fish (DEEDI 2009). Both the guppy and the platy are listed as a non-indigenous fish under Schedule 6 of the Fisheries Regulations 1995 and may be retained in aquariums but cannot be released to the wild or used as bait with high penalties for illegal release (DEEDI 2009).

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 35 Flora and Fauna Report Table 5: Freshwater Fish Species in the Mulgrave River

Family Name Species Name Distribution Habitat Comments Common name Common name

Sygnathidae Hippichthys Africa, Asia and Oceania. In Distribution may be limited to lower reaches of EPBC Act List of heptagonus Australia on the east coast freshwater systems by availability of predominant Marine Species pipefish from Cape York to the prey, planktonic crustaceans (Jones et al. 2007). belly pipefish Clarence River (NSW) (Allen et al. 2002, Froese and Pauly 2009).

Microphis Asia, Africa, Western Atlantic Relatively shallow slow-flowing water; freshwater EPBC Act List of brachyurus and Oceania. In Australia in streams, rivers and estuaries. Juveniles and Marine Species brachyurus the eastern drainages of subadults are usually found in estuaries while adults Cape York Peninsula (Allen are found upstream in freshwater areas. Feeds on short-tailed river et al. 2002, Froese and Pauly worms, crustaceans and zooplankton (Froese and pipefish 2009). Recorded in the Pauly 2009). Mulgrave River by Rayner (2007).

Megalopidae Megalops East Africa to Tahiti. In Most abundant in marine and estuarine waters, but cyprinoides * Australia coastal seas of juveniles and small adult frequent freshwater tarpons tropical northern Australia reaches of rivers in clear or turbid waters. They are tarpon (Allen et al. 2002). tolerant of a wide range in ph (Allen et al. 2002). Spawning occurs in the estuarine or near shore marine waters most likely in the wet season (Pusey et al. 2004).

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 36 Flora and Fauna Report Family Name Species Name Distribution Habitat Comments Common name Common name

Anguillidae Anguilla obscura South-western Pacific and Freshwater streams, lakes and swamps, prefers common in coastal drainages coastal lagoons and lower reaches of rivers. Diet is freshwater eels Pacific short- finned from Cape York to Mackay mainly crustaceans, fish and molluscs. Adults eel (Allen et al. 2002). migrate to marine waters to spawn over a long period with the peak in summer and autumn, juveniles return to freshwater. Sub-adults mostly in estuarine or fresh waters. (Allen et al. 2002, Pusey et al. 2004).

Anguilla reinhardtii Commonly occurs in New Preferred habitat is rivers, also in coastal lagoons, Caledonia, New Guinea and streams, lakes, swamps and farm dams. Diet long-finned eel eastern Australian coastal includes crustaceans, molluscs, aquatic and drainage areas from Cape terrestrial insects and fish. Adults migrate to the York to northern Tasmania Coral Sea to spawn in deep water over a long period (Allen et al. 2002). with the peak in summer and autumn, juveniles move into fresh water (Froese and Pauly, 2009, Allen et al. 2002).

Clupeidae Nematolosa erebi Widespread and common Variety of habitats, commonly in shallows of still or throughout northen and south slow-flowing rivers and streams, often in turbid herrings bony bream eastern Australia (Allen et al. waters. Wide tolerance of temperature and pH, 2002). susceptible to oxygen depletion. (Allen et al. 2002). Flexible life history with spawning in northern Australia all year peaking in the wet season (Pusey et al. 2004).

Herklotsichthys cf Restricted to the Southwest Schooling species found in coastal marine and castelnaui** Pacific and eastern Australia estuarine waters and also in freshwater (Froese and from Queensland to New Pauly 2009). herring South Wales (Froese and Pauly 2009)

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 37 Flora and Fauna Report Family Name Species Name Distribution Habitat Comments Common name Common name

Plotosidae Neosilurus ater Southern New Guinea and Prefers bottom of fast flowing sections of streams relatively common in disjunct and rivers though also occurs in still or slow flowing catfishes narrow-fronted range across northern water of pools and channels. Tolerant of wide range catfish Australia from Western of environmental conditions. Reproductive mode is Australia to Queensland entirely freshwater, breed during wet season (Pusey (Allen et al. 2002). et al. 2007).

Neosilurus hyrtlii Endemic to Australia, Diverse habitats from still or flowing waters in Endemic to common and widespread streams, rivers, lakes and stagnant pools. Forms Australia Hyrtl’s tandan across tropical northern shoals and diet includes insects, crustaceans and Australia and central Australia molluscs (Froese and Pauly 2009). Tolerant of wide (Allen et al. 2002). range of environmental conditions. Reproductive mode is likely entirely freshwater, spawn during wet season (Pusey et al. 2004).

Porochilus rendahli Widely but patchily distributed Clear or turbid water in bottoms of lowland lagoons, across northern Australia flowing creeks and backwaters close to aquatic Rendahls’ catfish from Kimberley area to vegetation. Sometimes forms large shoals. Botttom northeastern Queensland feeder of aquatic insects, small crustaceans, (Allen et al. 2002, Pusey et al. molluscs and detritus. Tolerant of wide range of 2004). environmental conditions Adults migrate into flooded lowland lagoons to breed in early wet season, all animals including juveniles migrate back upstream into freshwater in dry season. (Allen et al. 2002, Pusey et al. 2004).

Tandanus tandanus Endemic in Australia, widely Inhabits bottom waters of slow moving streams, Endemic to distributed throughout eastern lakes and ponds with fringing vegetation, prefers Australia eel-tailed catfish coastal Australia and the lakes more than flowing water. Mostly solitary but Murray-Darling River system juveniles form loose aggregations. Diet includes (Allen et al. 2002). insect larvae, crustaceans, molluscs, and small fishes. A hardy species that breeds in freshwater during spring and mid-summer (Allen et al. 2002, Pusey et al. 2004).

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 38 Flora and Fauna Report Family Name Species Name Distribution Habitat Comments Common name Common name

Hemiramphidae Arrahamphus Indo-West Pacific, in Australia Shallow coastal marine waters and estuaries into sclerolepis* from central West Australia lower freshwater reaches of rivers and streams. garfishes north to Queensland and New Commonly forms large grazing shoals. May move snub-nosed garfish South Wales (Allen et al. into estuaries to breed during the wet season (Allen 2002). et al. 2002, Pusey et al. 2004).

Atherinidae Craterocephalus Southern New Guinea and Primarily found in fresh water streams and rivers, Restricted stercusmuscarum relatively common in northern lakes, ponds and reservoirs. Tolerant of wide range distribution to hardyheads and eastern Australia (Allen of environmental conditions. Shoal forming and New Guinea and fly-specked et al. 2002, Froese and Pauly seasonally abundant at some locations, breeds from Australia hardyhead 2009). October to February and capable of multiple spawnings. Reproductive mode entirely freshwater (Allen et al. 2002). Pusey et al. 2007).

Melanotaeniidae Cairnsichthys Endemic to Wet tropics Small streams with good riparian, varying substrates Endemic to Wet rhombosomoides region with a restricted and flow rates. Tolerant of wide range of Tropics rainbowfishes distribution. It has been environmental conditions. Reproductive mode Cairns rainbowfish Listed as Rare by recorded from entirely freshwater with peak spawning in spring Action Plan for Russell/Mulgrave drainage, (August to October) (Pusey et al. 2004, Pusey et al. Australian Johnstone River, Liverpool 2007). Freshwater and Maria drainage and North Fishes Hull River. Likely to occur in streams of Trinity Inlet (Pusey et al. 2004).

Melanotaenia Isolated populations in Clear waters of small creeks and Pandanus swamps Isolated maccullochi southwestern Papua New with plenty of shelter (aquatic plants, log debris). populations in Guinea and northern Information on environmental tolerance lacking. northern Australia McCulloch’s Australia. Recorded in the Reproductive mode entirely freshwater, spawning rainbowfish Mulgrave River Drainage most likely in the wet season (Pusey et al. 2004, Basin, specifically from Pusey et al. 2007). Behana Creek (Pusey et al. 2004).

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 39 Flora and Fauna Report Family Name Species Name Distribution Habitat Comments Common name Common name

Melanotaenia Papua New Guinea and Highly variable; rivers, streams, swamps, marshy Restricted splendida Northern Australia where it is lagoons and lakes, often forming large schools at the distribution to usually abundant where it surfaceand around sunlit edges of lakes and New Guinea and eastern rainbowfish occurs (Allen et al. 2002). swamps. Most abundant in areas of minimal water Australia flow but also occurs below rapids (Allen et al. 2002). Tolerant of wide range of environmental conditions. Reproductive mode entirely freshwater, peak spawning in wet season (Pusey et al. 2004, Pusey et al. 2007).

Pseudomugullidae Pseudomugil Endemic to East Australian Highly variable ranging from marine to freshwater Endemic to signifer coast from Cooktown to with coastal habitat usually mangrove areas or Australia blue-eyes southern New South Wales, offshore islands. Common in clear forest streams. Pacific blue-eye common and widely Wide tolerance range of temperature and pH. distributed (Allen et al. 2002). Reproductive mode entirely freshwater and opportunistic- at any time of the year (Allen et al. 2002, Pusey et al. 2007).

Pseudomugil New Guinea and in Variety of habitats; small creeks in open country, Isolated gertrudae fragmented and localised swamps, marshes, rainforest streams. Aggregations populations in populations in northern are common in areas of abundant vegetation and log northern Australia spotted blue-eye Australia (Allen et al. 2002). debris. Tolerant of acidic waters, intolerant of low dissolved oxygen and water temperatures. Reproductive mode entirely freshwater and opportunistic - at any time of the year (Allen et al. 2002, Pusey et al. 2004, Pusey et al. 2007).

Synbranchidae Ophisternon Widely distributed in fresh Lower reaches of coastal streams in soft bottom gutturale and estuarine waters of sediments of quiet well vegetated backwaters of swamp eels subtropical and tropical Asia estuaries and swamps and lower reaches of swamp eel and Australasia (Pusey et al. freshwater. Can survive short periods out of water. 2004). Reproductive mode entirely freshwater (Allen et al. 2002, Pusey et al. 2007).

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 40 Flora and Fauna Report Family Name Species Name Distribution Habitat Comments Common name Common name

Scorpaenidae Notesthes robusta Widespread and fairly Bottom dwelling in still or slow flowing freshwater Endemic to common in eastern Australian streams over rock, mud or gravel usually within Australia scorpionfishes bullrout coastal drainages from 50km of the coast. Commonly found near Daintree River to southern vegetation, woody debris in streams. Tolerant of New South Wales (Allen et al. wide range of environmental conditions. In periods of 2002). high rain may migrate downstream into estuarine waters, not clear if breeds in estuaries or freshwater (Allen et al. 2002, Pusey et al. 2004).

Chandidae Ambassis agassizii Endemic to eastern Australia; Variety of freshwater habitiats including still or Endemic to relatively widespread and flowing lowland and upland rivers, creeks, reservoirs, eastern Australia perchlet Agassiz's glassfish common in coastal and inland ponds, drainage ditches and swamps. Diet mainly of Listed as Rare by drainages and also present aquatic insects and microcrustaceans. May be Action Plan for on Fraser Island and North tolerant of wide range of environmental conditions. Australian Stradbroke Island. Was Reproductive mode entirely freshwater and breeding Freshwater previously widespread season from spring to autumn (Pusey et al. 2004). Fishes throught Murray Darling Basin but is now thought to be extinct in South Australia and Victoria (Pusey et al. 2004).

Ambassis Southern New Guinea and Rivers and creeks in rainforest, sometimes in Restricted agrammus locally abundant in Australian stagnant pools and margins of lakes and swamps. distribution to disjunct populations from Gulf Can form large schools among aquatic vegetation, New Guinea and sailfin glassfish of Carpentaria, Cape York breeds at start of wet season and feeds mainly on northern Australia Peninsula and Wet Tropics microcrustaceans. Adults migrate downstream prior region (Pusey et al. 2004). to spawning (Allen et al. 2002, Pusey et al. 2004).

Ambassis miops Indo-west Pacific. In Australia Clear flowing creeks usually within 20km of the Restricted locally common but very coast. Probably tolerant of elevated turbidity and Australian flag-tailed glassfish restricted distribution; eastern salinity, intolerant of low water temperatures. It distribution Cape York and Wet tropics possibly has a marine larval phase (Allen et al. 2002, region (Pusey et al. 2004). Pusey et al. 2004).

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 41 Flora and Fauna Report Family Name Species Name Distribution Habitat Comments Common name Common name

Latidae Lates calcarifer East Africa, Asia and Freshwater rivers and billabongs, common beneath common and widespread in undercut banks and submerged logs. Also occurs in barramundi barramundi coastal drainages of northern brackish estuaries and coastal bays in clear and Australia from Shark Bay to turbid waters. Carnivorous diet of mostly fish and southern Queensland (Allen crustaceans. Changes sex from male to female at et al. 2002). around 80cm (Allen et al. 2002).

Terapontidae Hephaestus Southern New Guinea and Most common in upper reaches of large flowing Restricted fuliginosus northern Australia where it is streams over rocky or sandy bottoms with sparse distribution to grunters abundant throughout coastal aquatic vegetation. Can tolerate acidic conditions. New Guinea and sooty grunter drainages of Northern Reproductive mode is entirely freshwater and in Wet northern Australia Territory, Gulf of Carpentaria Tropics spawning tends to precede wet season and northeast Queenland flooding (Allen et al. 2002, Pusey et al. 2004, Pusey (Allen et al. 2002). et al. 2007).

Hephaestus Endemic to Wet Tropics Wide range of habitats from small headwater Endemic to Wet tulliensis region with a restricted tributary streams to large lowland river areas, intact Tropics region. distribution range from riparian cover, moderately fast flowing water and Tully grunter Daintree to Herbert River diverse substrate. Environmental tolerances appear (Pusey et al. 2004). to be fairly wide ranging. The requirement for fresh or estuarine waters for reproduction is unknown (Pusey et al. 2004).

Mesophrestes Widely distributed in Indo- Mostly a marine species, but juveniles enter brackish Restricted argenteus** Pacific but in Australia estuaries and the lower freshwater reaches of rivers Australian present in only a few (Allen et al. 2002). distribution sand bream locations in far north Queensland (Allen et al. 2002).

Therapon jarbua** Widespread and common in Mostly a shallow coastal marine species though also Indo-west Pacific and commonly penetrates estuaries and lower freshwater crescent perch northern tropical Australia. reaches of rivers. Spawning occurs at sea (Allen et (Allen et al. 2002). al. 2002, Froese and Pauly 2009).

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 42 Flora and Fauna Report Family Name Species Name Distribution Habitat Comments Common name Common name

Kuhliidae Kuhlia rupestris Africa, Asia and Oceania, Fast flowing streams and rivers, mostly in rainforests patchily but locally common in and in rocky pools below waterfalls. Environmental flagtails jungle perch coastal areas of northeast tolerances appear to be fairly wide ranging. Australia from Cape York to Reproductive modes are poorly known, though it is Fraser Island (Allen et al. thought that spawning occurs in estuarine or near 2002). shore marine areas during the wet season (Allen et al. 2002, Pusey et al. 2004).

Apogonidae Glossamia aprion Asia and Oceania, New Still or gently flowing water of rivers, streams, pools, Guinea and common and lakes, swamps and reservoirs often in the shallow cardinalfishes mouth almighty locally abundant in northern margins of well vegetated water bodies. Male is a Australia (Allen et al. 2002, mouth brooder. Solitary and carnivorous fish feeding Froese and Pauly 2009). on small fishes and crustaceans, aquatic and terrestrial insects. Tolerant of high temperatures and wide range in pH. Reproductive mode entirely freshwater with spawning suggested as occurring in the dry season in Wet Tropics region (Allen et al. 2002, Pusey et al. 2007, Froese and Pauly 2009).

Toxotidae Toxotes chatareus Asia, Oceania and common Lower and middle reaches of coastal drainages, can in northern Australia from penetrate hundreds of kilometres inland. Commonly archerfishes seven spot Derby to central Queensland occurs in mangrove-lined estuaries, freshwater archerfish (Allen et al. 2002, Froese and streams, lakes and billabongs around overhanging Pauly 2009). vegetation. Diet includes crustaceans, small fishes and vegetation. Breeds in both fresh and brackish water in the wet season (Allen et al. 2002, Froese and Pauly 2009).

Mugulidae Mugil cephalus* Worldwide distribution in Coastal waters, estuaries and fresh water. Young tropical, subtropical and fish travel into coastal rivers and mature fish travel mullets mullet temperate zones (Pusey et al. up the coast for annual spawning migration (Froese 2004). and Pauly 2009).

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 43 Flora and Fauna Report Family Name Species Name Distribution Habitat Comments Common name Common name

Gobiidae Awaous acritosus Southern New Guinea and Clear flowing lowland streams, mostly on gravel or Restricted relatively widespread and sand bottoms near aquatic vegetation. Tolerant of distribution to gobies Roman nose goby uncommon in coastal moderate range of water quality. Reproductive New Guinea and drainages of northeastern biology poorly known but thought adults live in northern Australia Queensland between freshwater and seasonally migrate from August to Cooktown and Townsville December to the riffle closest to river mouth (but still (Allen et al. 2002, Pusey et al. in freshwater) to spawn (Pusey et al. 2004). 2004, Froese and Pauly 2009).

Glossogobius sp 1. Western Pacific and in Clear flowing streams with rocky or gravel bottoms, Restricted Australia locally common but mostly close to the sea. Environmental tolerances Australian mountain goby restricted to Cape York and unknown. No information on reproductive biology distribution the Wet Tropics region but a marine larval phase may occur (Pusey et al. (Pusey et al. 2004). 2004).

Glossobius sp 4 Endemic species with Occurs in streams ranging from main channels to Endemic to Wet restricted distribution. small tributaries. Most abundant in shallow, rapid, Tropics region Mulgrave river goby Recorded from riffle and run habitats. Recorded in high quality Listed as Rare by Mulgrave/Russel basin, Hills waters only. Reproductive mode is most likely Action Plan for Creek and Falls Creek entirely freshwater with spawning possibly in the dry Australian (eastern side of Trinity Inlet) season (Pusey et al 2004, Kroon and Johnson Freshwater and several creeks near 2006). Fishes Mossman (Kroon and Johnson 2006).

Mugilogobius Widely distributed throughout Restricted microhabitat to very small, low gradient notospilus Pacific, in Australia Far north streams with intact riparian cover close to the coast, Queensland where it can be maximum distance from river mouth recorded is 14 Pacific mangrove locally abundant (Pusey et al. km. Environmental tolerances unknown. goby 2004). Reproductive biology poorly known but likely that there is a planktonic marine interval (Pusey et al. 2004).

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 44 Flora and Fauna Report Family Name Species Name Distribution Habitat Comments Common name Common name

Redigobius Western Pacific, widely Wide range of habitats from brackish mangrove bikolanus* distributed and moderately estuaries and lower reaches of freshwater streams abundant in northern to upland streams, most common in medium sized speckled goby Australia from central streams within 30 km of the sea. Environmental Western Australia to Brisbane tolerances unknown. Reproductive biology poorly (Allen et al. 2002, Pusey et al. known, may be entirely freshwater life cycle, or there 2004). may be an estuarine or marine larval interval (Pusey et al. 2004).

Schismatogobius Endemic to the Wet Tropics Occurs within 50km of river mouth. Has only been Endemic to Wet sp. Region. Recorded from found in riffle/run areas with swiftly flowing water, Tropics region. Endeavour, Daintree, substrate rocks and cobbles. Environmental scaleless goby Mossman, Mulgrave, Russel, tolerances poorly known.The requirement for fresh Johnstone and Liverpool or estuarine waters for reproduction is unknown with drainages (Pusey et al. spawning possibly in the dry season (Pusey et al. 2004). 2004).

Stiphodon alleni Endemic to north Inhabits clear, moderately fast-flowing water over Endemic to north Queensland, currently known substrates strewn with cobbles or boulders. One of Queensland Allen’s cling goby only from Harvey Creek near two recently discovered Australian cling-gobies Deeral, Queensland (Allen et (Allen et al. 2002, Froese and Pauly 2009). al. 2002).

Eleotridae Bunaka gyrinoides Indo-West Pacific with an Most commonly in rainforest streams on mud Restricted Australian distribution bottoms and undercut banks. Environmental Australian gudgeons greenback guavina restricted to northeast coast tolerances unknown. Reproductive biology poorly distribution drainages, most commonly known but likely that there is a marine larval phase but not abundantly within the (Allen et al. 2002Pusey et al. 2004). Wet Tropics region (Pusey et al. 2004).

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 45 Flora and Fauna Report Family Name Species Name Distribution Habitat Comments Common name Common name

Eleotris fusca * Widely distributed in the Indo- Brackish estuaries and lower reaches of freshwater Restricted West Pacific, in Australia streams, mostly on mud bottoms. Environmental Australian brown gudgeon restricted to the east coast of tolerances unknown. Reproductive biology poorly distribution northern Queensland (Pusey known but it is possible they migrate to marine et al. 2004). waters to spawn (Pusey et al. 2004).

Eleotris Widely distributed in the Indo- Brackish estuaries and lower reaches of freshwater Restricted melanosoma * West Pacific, in Australia streams, mostly on mud bottoms. Environmental Australian restricted to the east coast of tolerances unknown. Reproductive biology poorly distribution ebony gudgeon northern Queensland (Pusey known but it is possible they migrate to marine et al. 2004). waters to spawn (Pusey et al. 2004).

Giurus Widely distributed in the Indo- Variety of habitats including rivers, coastal streams, Restricted margaritacea West Pacific, in Australia swamps and floodplains. On mud bottoms, often Australian restricted to the east coast of amongst dense vegetation and undercut banks. distribution snakehead northern Queensland (Pusey Environmental tolerances unknown. Reproductive gudgeon et al. 2004). biology poorly known but it is possible they migrate to estuarine waters to spawn and there is a pelagic marine larval phase (Allen et al. 2002, Pusey et al. 2004).

Hypseleotris Papua New Guinea and in Most common in lower reaches of rivers, though also Restricted compressa Australia a common species present upstream, in still or flowing water around distribution to in coastal drainages from the aquatic plants and fallen branches. Can tolerate New Guinea and empire gudgeon Kimberley to southern New saline water and high temperatures and pH. Australia South Wales (Allen et al. Reproductive mode can be entirely freshwater, 2002). juveniles and adults can occur in estuaries but unknown whether they spawn there. Breeding season from summer to autumn (Allen et al. 2002, Pusey et al. 2004).

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 46 Flora and Fauna Report Family Name Species Name Distribution Habitat Comments Common name Common name

Mogurnda Endemic to Australia, Rivers, creeks and billabongs in slow-flowing or still Endemic to adspersa widespread and abundant in waters, often among vegetation and over rocks. Diet Australia coastal drainages of eastern includes worms, insect larvae, crustaceans and purple-spotted Listed as Rare by Australia, though there have mosquito fishes. Appears to be tolerant of wide gudgeon Action Plan for been large declines in the range of environmental conditions Spawns during Australian southern portion of the rainy season. Reproductive mode entirely Freshwater Murray Darling basin (Pusey freshwater (Pusey et al. 2004, Pusey et al. 2007). Fishes et al. 2004).

Ophiocara Widely distributed in the Indo- Mainly in brackish estuaries, river mouths and porocephala West Pacific, in Australia from freshwater creeks at low elvations close to the sea. the northern and eastern Juveniles are usually found in rocky creeks near the spangled gudgeon coasts from west Kimberleys coast (Allen et al. 2002, Froese and Pauly 2009). to southern Queensland (Allen et al. 2002).

Oxyeleotris Northern Queensland and Creeks and rivers, usually over gravel or mud Restricted aruensis Papua New Guinea. Limited bottoms. Environmental tolerances unknown. distribution in Wet distribution in the Mulgrave, Reproductive mode is considered to be entirely Tropics. Aru gudgeon Russell and Tully Rivers freshwater (Allen et al. 2002, Pusey et al. 2004). (Pusey et al. 2004).

Oxyeleotris Common and widespread in Rivers, creeks, billabongs, commonly in slow flowing lineolata tropical northern Australia or still water among vegetation, undercut banks and from west Kimberley to log debris. Diet includes insects, crustaceans and sleepy cod southern Queensland. fish. Environmental tolerances appear to be fairly Occurrence in southern wide ranging. Spawns October to Febraury. (Allen et Papua New Guinea remains al. 2002, Pusey et al. 2004). unconfirmed (Allen et al. 2002, Pusey et al. 2004).

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 47 Flora and Fauna Report Family Name Species Name Distribution Habitat Comments Common name Common name

Lutjanidae Lutjanus Indo-West Pacific. Widely Primarily a marine fish, adults are often found in argentimaculatus** distributed in tropical groups around coral reefs, juveniles and young snappers Australia from Kimberley, adults often occur in mangrove estuaries and lower mangrove jack Western Australia to northern reaches of freshwater streams and rivers to the New South Wales (DPI&F extent of the tidal influence. Diet is mostly fish and 2003). crustaceans (DPI&F 2003).

Lutjanus russelli** Indo-West Pacific, in Australia Primarily a marine fish, adults occur on offshore widespread in coastal areas coral reefs and inshore rocky and coral reefs. Moses perch from Shark Bay, Western Juveniles mostly inhabit mangrove estuaries and Australia north to Queensland lower reaches of freshwater streams. Diet includes and south to New South benthic invertebrates and fish (Froese and Pauly Wales (ABRS 2009). 2009).

Carangidae Caranx Indo-Pacific, in Australia Primarily a marine fish, adults occur in coastal and sexfasciatus ** widespread in coastal areas oceanic waters associated with reefs and trevallies from Shark Bay, Western occasionally enter rivers. Juveniles may occur in bigeye trevally Australia north to Queensland estuaries sometimes entering rivers. Diet is mainly and south to New South fish and crustaceans (Froese and Pauly 2009). Wales (ABRS 2009).

Gerreidae Gerres Indo-Pacific, in Australia Primarily a marine fish, adults occur in coastal filamentosus ** northern coastal waters from waters with soft substrates and juveniles enter silverbiddies Exmouth, Western Australia estuaries with mangroves and sometimes fresh and threadfin to northern New South Wales tidal creeks till maturity when they return to sea. Diet silverbiddy (ABRS 2009). includes crustaceans, worms and insect larvae (Froese and Pauly 2009).

Sparidae Acanthopagrus Eastern and southeastern Estuaries, coastal rivers, creeks, lakes and bays, australis** Australia from North mostly in marine or estuarine waters. In dry seasons breams Queensland to southern it moves into lowermost reaches of freshwater yellowfin bream Victoria (Allen et al. 2002). systems (Allen et al. 2002).

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 48 Flora and Fauna Report Family Name Species Name Distribution Habitat Comments Common name Common name

Acanthopagrus Widespread in Indo-west Mostly in estuarine waters of coastal rivers, creeks berda** Pacific. Northern Australia and inlets, occasionally moves into lower reaches of from Darwin to central freshwaters streams (Froese and Pauly 2009). pikey black bream Queensland (Froese and Pauly 2009).

Leiognathidae Leiognathus Indo-West Pacific, in Australia Primarily a marine fish, adults occur in shallow equulus** northern coastal waters from inshore coastal areas often in mangroves and into ponyfishes Exmouth, Western Australia freshwater reaches of rivers. Juveniles are ponyfish to southern Queensland commonly found in mangrove estuaries and tidal (ABRS 2009). This is the one creeks, sometimes entering the lower reaches of species of ponyfish that occur freshwater streams. Diet of small crustaceans, in Australia that is regularly worms and small fishes (Froese and Pauly 2009). encountered in fresh water (Allen et al. 2002).

INTRODUCED SPECIES

Poeciliidae Poecilia reticulata Introduced to Australia, wild Various habitats, ranging from highly turbid water in populations established ponds, canals and ditches at low elevations to live bearing guppy throughout eastern and pristine mountain streams at high elevations Inhabits toothcarps southern Australia. (DEEDI slow-flowing or still water near the margin of pools 2009) among vegetation. Has a wide salinity range but requires fairly warm temperatures and still vegetated water for survival. Feeds on zooplankton, small insects and detritus. Reproductive mode is entirely freshwater (Pusey et al. 2007, Froese and Pauly 2009).

Xiphophorus Introduced to Australia, in Creeks and swamps, warm springs, canals and maculatus Queensland present in many ditches with typically slow moving water, weedy coastal drainages around banks and silt bottoms. Feed on worms, platy Brisbane and in the Wet crustaceans, insects and plant matter. Reproductive Tropics region (DEEDI 2009). mode is entirely freshwater (Pusey et al. 2007, Froese and Pauly 2009).

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 49 Flora and Fauna Report Family Name Species Name Distribution Habitat Comments Common name Common name

Cichlidae Tilapia mariae Introduced to Australia, Still or flowing water in rocky or mud-bottom areas, Listed in present in the Barron River, in both non-tidal and estuarine reaches. Queensland as a cichlids tilapia the Mulgrave-Russell system Reproductive mode is in freshwater though there is noxious fish. and the North and South some uncertainty whether it may also occur in Johnstone Rivers system. estuarine waters, spawns September-March (Pusey et al. 2007, DEEDI 2009).

* indicates species with strong marine or estuarine affinities that are also found in fresh water, ** indicate estuarine species.

Table 6: Estuarine Fish Species in the Mulgrave River

Family Name Species name Common name Comments

Eleotridae Butis butis estuarine gudgeon

Clupeidae Sardinella sp. herring

Gobiidae Yongeichthys nebulosus estuarine goby

Terapontidae Therapon jarbua crescent perch

Mugilidae Liza subviridis mullet

Liza vaigiensis diamond scaled mullet

Valamugil seheli blue-tailed mullet

Carangidae Caranx ignobilis lowly trevally

Gerreidae Gerres abbreviatus short silverbiddy

Leiognathidae Leiognathus decorus ponyfish

Leiognathus splendens black-tipped ponyfish

Secutor ruconius pig-nosed ponyfish

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 50 Flora and Fauna Report Family Name Species name Common name Comments

Engraulidae Stolephorus sp. anchovy

Synodontidae Saurida sp. grinner

Platycephalidae Platycehpalidae sp. flathead

Platycephalus fuscus dusky flathead

Platycephalus indicus bar-tailed flathead

Sillaginidae Sillago analis golden-lined whiting

Sillago cilitata sand whiting

Sillago sihama winter whiting Sometimes found in freshwater (Allen et al. 2002).

Haemulidae Pomadasys kaakan golden grunter

Pomadasys argenteus small-spotted grunter

Mullidae Upeneus sulphureus yellow goatfish

Monodactylidae Monodactylus argenteus butterfish Regularly found in fresh water, though usually close to the sea (Allen et al. 2002).

Ephippidae Drepane punctata sickle-fish/batfish

Scatophagidae Scatophagus argus spotted scat Commonly found in mangrove habitat and lower reaches of freshwater streams (Allen et al. 2002).

Siganidae Siganus lineatus rabbitfish

Scombridae Scomberoides commersonnianus queenfish

Bothidae Bothidae sp. flouder

Pseudorhombus sp. flounder

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 51 Flora and Fauna Report Family Name Species name Common name Comments

Cynoglossidae Cynoglossus sp. tongue-sole

Tetraodontidae Spheroides hamiltoni toadfish

Torquigener whitleyi toadfish

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 52 Flora and Fauna Report 3.7.4 Commercial and Recreational Fisheries The Mulgrave catchment supports a multi-species recreational fishery (Russell et al. 2004), with a variety of habitats ranging from fast flowing freshwater streams of the upper catchment to swamps to the brackish waters of the lower estuary and Mutchero Inlet. Fish stocks are considered good (DPI pers comm Terry Vallance), however significant habitat has been lost in the valley, primarily due to clearing of riparian areas. Loss of riparian vegetation has allowed the invasion of weeds onto the banks and waterways, with increased erosion and discontinuous habitat. Pool to riffle ratio is used as a general indicator of stream habitat. Pools provide the habitat and riffles provide the food source – most often in the form of invertebrates. Studies have found that the ratio is generally 1:1 in the Mulgrave catchment (an indicator of high stream habitat values) however swamp and wetland areas, which are important sites for fish nursery, are continuing to decrease in number. The estuary is an important commercial prawn nursery and recreational fisheries for target species such as barramundi (Lates calcarifer) and mangrove jack (Lutjanus argentimaculatus) are well established in the river (Russell et al. 2004).

Some of the aquatic habitat values are represented in intertidal and wetlands areas. These areas are recognised as important fisheries nurseries, in particular being important for species of recreational and commercial significance such as barramundi, mangrove jack, mudcrabs, prawns, mullet and various other predominantly estuary orientated species. Of particular interest are three deepwater off-stream lagoons, referred to as the lower Mulgrave lagoons, remaining on the Mulgrave River immediately adjacent to the present course of the river upstream of Deeral Landing. These stranded lagoons (connected to the main river channel during normal wet season flow events) are regarded as high value fish nursery values. In the freshwater reaches of the Mulgrave River, above due east of Aloomba, there are numerous instream waterholes of varying depth that continue to have high fishery values for species such as sooty grunter, gudgeons, tandans, and other freshwater reliant species.

3.8 World Heritage Values Assessment of the environmental feasibility of the Mulgrave River Aquifer Scheme for this PER includes an assessment of the potential impacts of the abstraction on the World Heritage values of the Great Barrier Reef Marine National Park and the Wet Tropics of Queensland World Heritage Area (WTQWHA).

3.8.1 Great Barrier Reef Marine Park The Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area lies immediately off shore at the mouth of Mutchero Inlet. It also contains many outstanding examples of important and significant natural habitats for in situ conservation of species of conservation significance, particularly resulting from the latitudinal and cross- shelf completeness of the region. The World Heritage values include habitats for species of conservation significance within the 77 broadscale bioregional associations that have been identified for the property. The Mulgrave River is one of the major river systems that drain into the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park.

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 53 Flora and Fauna Report 3.8.2 Wet Tropics of Queensland World Heritage Area The Mulgrave River aquifer is bounded by the Wet Tropics of Queensland World Heritage Area to the east (Graham Range), to the west by the Bellenden Ker Range, and to the south by Mutchero Inlet. There are two areas of where the aquifer study area intersects the WTQWHA: - a small portion of the mid lower reaches of the Mulgrave River where approximately 700 m of the WTQWHA borders the eastern bank of the Mulgrave River, and the lower tidal section of the Mulgrave River at Mutchero Inlet. Whilst these two sections of the WTQWHA are within the study area, neither of these are within the actual aquifer. The Mutchero Inlet section is tidal and not underlain by the aquifer, and the small portion on the eastern bank of the Mulgrave River is on a spur of the Graham Range that intersects the river; the geology and hydrogeology characteristics are not derived from Mulgrave River alluvium, and also not considered to include the Mulgrave River aquifer.

3.9 Results of Field Investigation of Proposed Bore Hole Sites The following Figure denotes the locations of the photographs of the Aloomba study area for the proposed bore hole locations. In total there were 20 photographs taken including Leumann Road, Hesp Road, Broughton Road, Moller Road and the intersections of Hesp Road and Broughton Road and Hesp Road, Broughton Road, Fixter Road and Moller Road.

Figure 3: Locations of Study Sites

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 54 Flora and Fauna Report Table 7: Description of potential borehole field in Aloomba as of 20th August, 2009.

Location Feature Description Photo

Leumann Crooked Creek Photo 1 Road Currently dry appearance though vegetation looks green and lush. Bird life was abundant and active during the survey (12pm). The creek is surrounded by sugar cane fields.

Leumann Crooked Creek Photo 2 Road Riparian Eucalyptus tereticornis (forest red vegetation gum, blue gum, red iron gum) Lophostemon suaveolens (swamp box) Macaranga peltata Various rainforest shrub and tree species and a number of birds flying into the riparian zone. The height of the riparian zone is up to approximately 30m and the width of the riparian zone is approximately 6 – 10m.

Leumann Two residential Photo 3 Road dwellings Situated on the north side of Crooked (just north of Sugar cane Creek on left and right side of road. Crooked farming matrix The house on the eastern side of the Creek) road has horses and a shed. The house on the left is a larger farm house with established fruit trees.

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 55 Flora and Fauna Report Location Feature Description Photo

Leumann Railway line Photo 4 Road Powerlines Railway crosses Leumann Road (section between Crooked Creek and Hesp between Fibre optic Road intersection and a crossing is Crooked cable halfway along Leumann Road between Creek and the Hesp Road intersection and Hesp Road intersection) Anderson Road. Powerlines run along the western side of Luemann Road between Crooked Creek and the Hesp Road intersection and continues through intersection to Anderson Road on the western side of the road. Fibre optic cable runs along the eastern side of Luemann Road between the Hesp Road intersection and Anderson Road.

Leumann Bore hole site Photo 5 Road, in intersection Short grass prevails in this position (Hesp Road immediately next to the roads and intersection) sugar cane fields adjacent on every road of the four way intersection.

Leumann Railway line Photo 6 Road Fibre optic Railway line runs the whole length of (section cable this section of Luemann Road and between crosses Leumann Road approximately Residential Hesp Road halfway between Hesp Road dwellings intersection intersection Anderson Road. Fibre and optic cable runs along the eastern side Anderson of Luemann Road between the Hesp Road) Road intersection and Anderson Road. Four houses at the intersection of Leumann Road and Anderson Road (two on the western side and one on the eastern side of Luemann Road). These houses are surrounded by sugar cane fields.

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 56 Flora and Fauna Report Location Feature Description Photo

Hesp Road Sugar cane Photo 7 fields (section Sugar cane fields dominate this whole between the Residential section of Hesp Road. There are two Leumann dwellings farm houses on the left hand side of the Road road, surrounded by sugar cane fields intersection and grass fields. One large tree is and the end near the intersection of this section of of the Hesp Road and Leumann Road western (Eucalyptus sp.). extention of the road)

Hesp Road Fibre optic Photo 8 cable (section Fibre optic cable runs along the between Powerlines northern side of the road verge. Leumann Powerlines run parallel to the optic Road Cane train rail cable intersection Stand of trees and the end in background A stand of trees are located of the approximately 300m east of the eastern intersection between Leumann Road extention of and Hesp Road. the road)

Hesp Road Stand of trees Photo 9 (300m east The following trees occur in a discrete of the stand of approximately 15 trees. These Leumann trees are well established and situated Road about 300m east of the intersection on intersection) the southern side of Hesp Road. Various species including: Melaleuca sp.(paperbark) Lophostemon suaveolens (swamp box) Corymbia spp.(bloodwood) Eucalyptus spp.

Hesp Road Residential Photo 10 house A house is situated on the southern side of Hesp Road, approximately 400m east of the Leumann Road/Hesp Road intersection.

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 57 Flora and Fauna Report Location Feature Description Photo

Hesp Road Powerlines Photo 11 Optic fibre Continuing along the eastern section of Hesp Road towards the intersection of Cane fields Moller Road is sugar cane fields. Powerlines and optic fibre runs adjacent to the road on the northern side of the road.

Hesp Road, Road Photo 12 Bennett intersection The matrix is comprised of grass fields Road, Freight train and sugar cane farms. Broughton rail line Road, Fixter There is a freight train rail line crossing Road and Powerline at this intersection. Moller Road intersection Fibre optic The powerlines cross diagonally across cable this intersection from Hesp Road across to southern side of Bennett Road and continue parallel to the road. The fibre optic cable doesn’t continue along Bennett Rd but it continues north on the eastern side of Fixter Road and south on the western side of Moller Road.

Broughton Freight train Photo 13 Road rail line A train line runs parallel to the eastern (Looking Tree side of Fixter Road and the western north from side of Broughton Road. Residential intersection housing towards There is one tree that occurs on the eastern side of this section of rail. township) Fibre optic cable Residential housing occurs about 400m north of this intersection

Intersection Fibre optic Photo 14 of Bennett cable Rd and The fibre optic cable runs parallel and Moller Road Freight rail line adjacent to the western side of Moller Road. (Looking Drain The train line runs parallel to the fibre south along Residential Moller optic cable approximately five metres to houses the west. Road) A large drain runs immediately adjacent to the western side of Moller Road. There are a total of five houses situated along a 1km stretch of Bennett Road towards the east.

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 58 Flora and Fauna Report Location Feature Description Photo

Broughton Bore? Photo 15 Road Powerline A bore is situated approximately 50m (looking north of the Bennett Road intersection. Sugarcane northwards field A powerline is situated on the eastern along Broughton side of Broughton Road and the area is Road from immersed in a matrix of sugar cane fields. the intersection of Bennett Road.)

Moller Road Residential Photo 16 house Three residential houses are situated on the eastern side of Moller Road and either side of Crooked Creek. Crooked Creek is approximately 300 - 400m south of the Bennett Road intersection.

Moller Road JCU and Photo 17 DERM Ground water hydrology study site. ground water monitoring site “Tracing Nitrogen Through Wet Tropics Aquifers” Being conducted by the following groups: James Cook University (JCU), Department of Environment and Resource Management (DERM) formerly Department of Natural Resources and Water (DNRW), and farmers of the Mulgrave catchment.

Moller Road Crooked Creek Photo 18 vegetation Vegetation is lush in Crooked Creek. There is a lot of diversity with epiphytes, ferns, palms, large rainforest trees and shrubs.

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 59 Flora and Fauna Report Location Feature Description Photo

Moller Road Behana Creek Photo 19 Flowing creek including some stagnant pools and riffles present. The riparian vegetation is hanging over in parts and the substrate of the creek is sandy gravel.

Moller Road Behana Creek Photo 20 Riparian vegetation and wildlife The vegetation is diverse with large trees present up to 25m in height and dense shrubs filling any gaps. These are largely rainforest species and wildlife is plentiful as can be heard from the various bird calls. A lace monitor (Varanus varius) was seen (see photo far right) scurrying through the riparian vegetation.

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study 60 Flora and Fauna Report 4. References

Arthington, A.H., and Pearson R. G. (eds) (2007). Biological Indicators of Ecosystem Health in wet tropics Streams, Final Report Task 3, Catchment to Reef Research Program, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld. Aumann T. and Baker-Gabb D.J. (1991). A Management Plan for the Red Goshawk. RAOU Report 75.Australian Natural Resources Atlas website.

Bentrupperbaumer, J. (1998). Reciprocal ecosystem impact and behavioural interactions between cassowaries, Casuarius casuarius and humans, Homo sapiens. PhD thesis. James Cook University of North Queensland, Australia. Birds Australia (2007). Australian Painted Snipe, Electronic document http://www.birdsaustralia.com.au/birds/painted.html (Accessed 6/06/07). Bond, D. (1987). The Plight of Our Exotic Cassowary. Australian Conservation Foundation Newsletter 19: 5. Cairns Regional Council (2005). Cairns Regional Council Pest Management Plan. Cairns Debus, S.J.S. and Czechura, C.V. (1988). The Red Goshawk Erythrotriorchis radiatus: a review. Aust. Bird Watcher 12:175-199. Cited in Garnett, S.T. and Crowley, G.M. (2000) The Action Plan for Australian Birds. Environment Australia. Debus, S.J.S. and Czechura, C.V. (1988). The Red Goshawk Erythrotriorchis radiatus: a review. Aust. Bird Watcher 12:175-199. Cited in Garnett, S.T. and Crowley, G.M. (2000) The Action Plan for Australian Birds. Environment Australia. Department of Environment & Heritage (2004). The Provision of Data for Fauna Survey Standards: . Australian Museum Business Services, East Sydney. Dept of Natural Resources and Water , Qld 2007, Draft Far North Queensland Regional Water Supply Strategy. DEWR ((Department of Environment and Water Resources) (2007d). Species profiles and threats database. Electronic document http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/sprat.pl DEWR (Department of Environment and Water Resources) (2007). National recovery plan for the Southern Cassowary (Casuarius casuarius johnsonii) 2001 2005. Electronic document

DEWR (Department of Environment and Water Resources) (2007). National recovery plan for the Southern Cassowary (Casuarius casuarius johnsonii) 2001 2005. Electronic document DEWR (Department of Environment and Water Resources) (2007b). Litoria nannotis — Waterfall Frog, Torrent Tree Frog, Electronic document http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi- bin/sprat/public/publicspecies.pl?taxon_id=1817 (Accessed 05/06/07). DEWR (Department of Environment and Water Resources) (2007c). Rostratula australis – Australian Painted Snipe. Electronic document http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species/r- australis.html

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study Flora and Fauna Report Fisk, Pl., (1996). The Waders of Trinity Inlet, A Review of Available Information and Implications for Management, Report to Trinity Inlet Management Program, FRC Coastal and Environmental (2000). Cairns Cityport IAS Aquatic Flora and Fauna. Initial Draft Report. Wellington Point QLD. Frith, H.J. (1986). Migrants and Nomads. In Readers Digest Complete Book of Australian Birds. Second Edition. Schodde, R and Tidemann, S.C. (eds). Readers Digest, Sydney.

Garnett, S.T., and G.M. Crowley. (2000). The Action Plan for Australian Birds 2000. Environment Australia, Canberra. GHD (1999). Mulgrave River Aquifer Study. Report on Abstraction to Supply Cairns City. Report for the Department of Natural Resources. GHD Pty Ltd, Cairns. GHD (2004). Cairns Water and Waste Supply Source Options Review. Mulgrave River Aquifer Water Supply Scheme. Report for Cairns Water and Waste. GHD Pty Ltd, Cairns.

GHD (2006). Behana Creek Biological Monitoring Program. Report for Cairns Water and Waste. GHD Pty Ltd, Cairns GHD (2007). Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study. Report for Cairns Water and Waste. GHD Pty Ltd, Cairns Harrison, D.A. and Congdon, B.C. (2001). Wet Tropics Vertebrate Pest Risk Assessment Scheme. Rainforest CRC and School of Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Cairns. Hopkins, M.S., Reddell, P., Hewett, R.K. and Graham, A.W. (1998). Studies of the ecology and distribution of feather and fan palm forests in the Wet Tropics region of North Queensland, vols 1 and 2, CRC for Tropical Rainforest Ecology and Management, CSIRO Tropical Forest Research Centre, Atherton. http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/publications/recovery/southern- cassowary/index.html Ingram, G.J. and McDonald, K.R. (1993). An update on the decline of Queensland's frogs. Pp 297-303 In Lunney, D. and Ayers, D. (eds), 'Herpetology in Australia. A diverse discipline'. (Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales: Mosman). 414pp. JCU (James Cook University) (2006). Pest fish profiles. Tilapia mariae – Spotted Tilapia. Electronic document http://www.actfr.jcu.edu.au/Projects/Pestfish/PDFs/Tilapia%20mariae.pdf (Accessed 11/08/09). Martin, W.E. and McDonald, K.R. (1995). Draft Recovery Plan for the Threatened Stream-dwelling Frogs of the Wet Tropics. Qld Department of Environment and Heritage, Brisbane. McDonald, G. and Weston, N (2004). Sustaining the Wet Tropics: A Regional Plan for Natural Resource Management. Volume 1 – Background to the Plan. Cooperative Research Centre for Rainforest Ecology and Management and FNQ NRM, Cairns. McDonald, K.R. (1990). Rheobatrachus Liem and Taudactylus Straughan & Lee (Anura: Leptodactylidae) in Eungella National Park, Queensland: distribution and decline. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 114: 187-194.

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study Flora and Fauna Report McDonald, K.R., Covacevich, J.A., Ingram, G.J. and Couper, P.J. (1991). The status of frogs and reptiles. Pp 338-345 in Ingram, G.J. and Raven, R. J. (eds), An atlas of Queensland’s frogs, reptiles, birds and mammals. Queensland Museum, Board of Trustees, Brisbane. Natural Resources Assessments Pty Ltd, River Research Pty Ltd and Australian Centre for Tropical Freshwater Research (for Wet Tropics Management Authority) (1999). Conservation Values of Waterways in The Wet Tropics World Heritage Area. Wet Tropics Management Authority, Cairns Qld.

Neldner, V.J., Wilson, B.A., Thompson, E.J. and Dillewaard, H.A. (2005). Methodology for Survey and Mapping of Regional Ecosystems and Vegetation Communities in Queensland. Version 3.1. Updated September 2005. Queensland Herbarium, Environmental Protection Agency, Brisbane. 128pp. Northern Queensland Threatened Frogs Recovery Team (2001). Recovery plan for the stream-dwelling rainforest frogs of the Wet Tropics biogeographic region of north-east Queensland 2000-2004. State of Queensland, Environmental Protection Agency, Brisbane. NRME (2004). Regional Vegetation Management Code for Ongoing Clearing Purposes. Wet Tropics Bioregion. Queensland Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy, 25 June 2004. http://www.nrm.qld.gov.au/vegetation/pdf/codes/wet_ongoingcode_250604.pdf Pell, S., & Lawler, W. (1996). Wader Communities along the North-East Queensland Coast (Bowen to Cairns), Queensland Wader Survey, Queensland Department of Environment and Heritage, Brisbane Pusey B., Kennard M., Arthington A.. (2004). Freshwater Fishes of North-Eastern Australia, CSIRO Publishing, Richards, S.J., McDonald, K.R., Alford, R.A. (1993). Declines in populations of Australia's endemic tropical rainforest frogs. Pacific Conservation Biology 1:66-77.

Roberts, J., W. J. Young and F. Marston (2000). Estimating the water requirements for plants of floodplain wetlands: A guide. CSIRO Land and Water, Report No. 99/60, Canberra. Russell, D. J., Hales, P. W. & Helmke, S. A. (1996). Stream Habitat and Fish Resources in the Russell and Mulgrave Rivers Catchment. Department of Primary Industries, Northern Fisheries Centre, Cairns. Sattler, P. and Williams, R. (1999). Conservation Status of Queensland’s Bioregional Ecosystems. Environmental Protection Agency, Brisbane. Stanton, J. P. & Godwin, M. (1989). Conservation Status of the Remaining Habitats of the Wet Tropics Lowlands of Queensland. Internal Report of Queensland National Parks and Wildlife Service, Far Northern Region, Cairns. Stanton, J. P. & Godwin, M. (1989). Conservation Status of the Remaining Habitats of the Wet Tropics Lowlands of Queensland. Internal Report of Queensland National Parks and Wildlife Service, Far Northern Region, Cairns. Stanton, J.P., and Stanton D., (2005). Vegetation of the Wet Tropics of Queensland Bioregion, Wet Tropics Management Authority, Cairns, Qld Tracey, J.G. (1982). The Vegetation of the Humid Tropical Region of North Queensland. CSIRO Division of Plant Industry, Melbourne: Trenerry, M. P., Laurance, W. F., and McDonald, K. R. (1994). Further evidence for the precipitous decline of endemic rainforest frogs in tropical Australia. Pacific Conservation Biology 1: 150-153.

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study Flora and Fauna Report Walsh, K., Cai, W., Hennessy, K., Jones, R., Watkins,D (1993). A National Action Plan for Shorebird Conservation in Australia. RAOU Report no 80. Royal Australian Ornithologists Union, Australian Wader Studies Group and World Wide Fund for Nature. Webb, A. C. (2006). Risk Assessment Freshwater Fishes Within The Wet Tropics Bioregion: ACTFR Report No. 06/26, Australian Centre for Tropical Freshwater Research, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld Werren, G. L. (1993). Cassowary Habitat Management Program, Stage 2, Report to Johnstone Shire Council. Weston, N. and Goosem, S. (2004). Sustaining the Wet Tropics: A Regional Plan for Natural Resource Management. Volume 2A: Condition Report: Biodiversity Conservation. Cooperative Research Centre for Rainforest Ecology and Management and FNQ NRM, Cairns. Wet Tropics Management Authority (WTMA) (2004), Adaptive Management: Pond Apple Control In the Catchments of the Russell-Mulgrave and Tully-Murray River Systems, A report to the Commonwealth Department of Environment and Heritage, www.wettropics.gov.au/mwha/ mwha_pond_apple.html, February 2006.

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study Flora and Fauna Report Appendix A Database Searches

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study Flora and Fauna Report VERTEBRATE SEARCH JULY 2006 AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM

Frogs BUFONIDAE Bufo marinus Mulgrave R 17.07 145.47 Frogs BUFONIDAE Bufo marinus Mulgrave R 17.07 145.47 Frogs BUFONIDAE Bufo marinus "Meringa, nr Gordonvale" 17.05 145.46 Frogs BUFONIDAE Bufo marinus Meringa Experiment Station 17.05 145.46 Frogs BUFONIDAE Bufo marinus Meringa Experiment Station 17.05 145.46 Frogs RANIDAE Rana daemeli "Stallions Pocket, Mulgrave R, via Gordonvale" 17.12 145.45 Frogs RANIDAE Rana daemeli "Stallions Pocket, Mulgrave R, via Gordonvale" 17.12 145.45 Frogs MICROHYLIDAE Austrochaperina fryi "Bell Peak N, 10km E of Gordonvale" 17.05 145.53 Frogs MICROHYLIDAE Austrochaperina pluvialis "Stallions Pocket, Mulgrave R, via Gordonvale" 17.12 145.45 Frogs MICROHYLIDAE Austrochaperina pluvialis "Stallions Pocket, Mulgrave R, via Gordonvale" 17.12 145.45 Frogs MICROHYLIDAE Austrochaperina pluvialis "Stallions Pocket, Mulgrave R, via Gordonvale" 17.12 145.45 Frogs MICROHYLIDAE Austrochaperina robusta "Malbon Thompson Ra, Sth Bell Peak" 17.06 145.53 Frogs MICROHYLIDAE Austrochaperina robusta "Malbon Thompson Ra, Sth Bell Peak" 17.06 145.53 Frogs MICROHYLIDAE Austrochaperina robusta "Nth Bell Peak, 20Km S of Cairns" 17.05 145.53 Frogs MICROHYLIDAE Austrochaperina robusta "Massey Ra, 12Km S of Gordonvale" 17.11 145.48 Frogs MICROHYLIDAE Austrochaperina robusta "Nth Bell Peak, Malbon Thompson Ra" 17.05 145.54 Frogs MICROHYLIDAE Austrochaperina robusta "Malbon Thompson Ra, Sth Bell Peak" 17.06 145.53 Frogs MICROHYLIDAE Austrochaperina robusta "Malbon Thompson Ra, Sth Bell Peak" 17.06 145.53 Frogs MICROHYLIDAE Austrochaperina robusta "Malbon Thompson Ra, N Bell Peak" 17.05 145.52 Frogs MICROHYLIDAE Austrochaperina robusta Bells Peak 17.05 145.53 Frogs MICROHYLIDAE Austrochaperina robusta Bells Peak 17.05 145.53 Frogs Microhylidae Austrochaperina sp "Nth Bell Peak, 20Km S of Cairns" 17.05 145.53 Frogs Microhylidae Austrochaperina sp "Nth Bell Peak, 20Km S of Cairns" 17.05 145.53 Frogs Microhylidae Austrochaperina sp "Nth Bell Peak, 20km S of Cairns" 17.05 145.53 Frogs Microhylidae Austrochaperina sp "Nth Bell Peak, 20Km S of Cairns" 17.05 145.53 Frogs Microhylidae Austrochaperina sp "Bell Peak N, 10km E of Gordonvale" 17.05 145.53 Frogs Microhylidae Austrochaperina sp "Bell Peak N, 10km E of Gordonvale" 17.05 145.53 Frogs Microhylidae Austrochaperina sp "Bell Peak N, 10km E of Gordonvale" 17.05 145.53 Frogs Microhylidae Austrochaperina sp "Bell Peak N, 10km E of Gordonvale" 17.05 145.53 Frogs Microhylidae Austrochaperina sp "Bell Peak N, 10km E of Gordonvale" 17.05 145.53 Frogs Microhylidae Austrochaperina sp "Bell Peak N, 10km E of Gordonvale" 17.05 145.53 Frogs Microhylidae Austrochaperina sp "Bell Peak N, 10km E of Gordonvale" 17.05 145.53 Frogs Microhylidae Austrochaperina sp "Bell Peak N, 10km E of Gordonvale" 17.05 145.53 Frogs Microhylidae Austrochaperina sp "Bell Peak N, 10km E of Gordonvale" 17.05 145.53 Frogs Microhylidae Austrochaperina sp "Bell Peak N, 10km E of Gordonvale" 17.05 145.53 Frogs Microhylidae Austrochaperina sp "Bell Peak N, 10km E of Gordonvale" 17.05 145.53 Frogs Microhylidae Austrochaperina sp "Malbon Thompson Ra, North-South Bell Peak saddle" 17.06 145.54 Frogs Microhylidae Austrochaperina sp "Malbon Thompson Ra, North-South Bell Peak saddle" 17.06 145.54 Frogs Microhylidae Austrochaperina sp Bell Peak 17.05 145.53 Frogs MICROHYLIDAE Cophixalus ornatus "Malbon Thompson Ra, Sth Bell Peak" 17.06 145.53 Frogs MICROHYLIDAE Cophixalus ornatus "Malbon Thompson Ra, Sth Bell Peak" 17.06 145.53 Frogs MICROHYLIDAE Cophixalus ornatus "Nth Bell Peak, 20Km S of Cairns" 17.05 145.53 Frogs MICROHYLIDAE Cophixalus ornatus "Nth Bell Peak, 20Km S of Cairns" 17.05 145.53 Frogs MICROHYLIDAE Cophixalus ornatus "Nth Bell Peak, 20Km S of Cairns" 17.05 145.53 Frogs MICROHYLIDAE Cophixalus ornatus "Bell Peak N, 10km E of Gordonvale" 17.05 145.53 Frogs MICROHYLIDAE Cophixalus ornatus "Bell Peak N, 10km E of Gordonvale" 17.05 145.53 Frogs MICROHYLIDAE Cophixalus ornatus "Bell Peak N, 10km E of Gordonvale" 17.05 145.53 Frogs MICROHYLIDAE Cophixalus ornatus "Bell Peak N, 10km E of Gordonvale" 17.05 145.53 Frogs MICROHYLIDAE Cophixalus ornatus "Bell Peak N, 10km E of Gordonvale" 17.05 145.53 Frogs MICROHYLIDAE Cophixalus ornatus "Bell Peak N, 10km E of Gordonvale" 17.05 145.53 Frogs MICROHYLIDAE Cophixalus ornatus "Massey Ra, 12Km S of Gordonvale" 17.11 145.48 Frogs MICROHYLIDAE Cophixalus ornatus "Malbon Thompson Ra, North-South Bell Peak saddle" 17.06 145.54 Frogs MICROHYLIDAE Cophixalus ornatus "Malbon Thompson Ra, Sth Bell Peak" 17.06 145.53 Frogs MICROHYLIDAE Cophixalus ornatus "Stallions Pocket, Mulgrave R, via Gordonvale" 17.12 145.45 Frogs MICROHYLIDAE Cophixalus sp "Nth Bell Peak, 20Km S of Cairns" 17.05 145.53 Frogs MICROHYLIDAE Cophixalus sp "Nth Bell Peak, 20Km S of Cairns" 17.05 145.53 Frogs MICROHYLIDAE Cophixalus sp "Nth Bell Peak, 20Km S of Cairns" 17.05 145.53 Frogs MICROHYLIDAE Cophixalus sp "Nth Bell Peak, 20Km S of Cairns" 17.05 145.53 Frogs MYOBATRACHIDAE Taudactylus acutirostris "Malbon Thompson Ra, Sth Bell Peak" 17.06 145.53 Frogs MYOBATRACHIDAE Taudactylus acutirostris "Malbon Thompson Ra, Sth Bell Peak" 17.06 145.53 Frogs MYOBATRACHIDAE Taudactylus acutirostris "Malbon Thompson Ra, S Bell Peak" 17.06 145.53 Frogs MYOBATRACHIDAE Taudactylus acutirostris "Nth Bell Peak, 20Km S of Cairns" 17.05 145.53 Frogs HYLIDAE Litoria genimaculata "Upper Mulgrave, via Gordonvale" 17.06 145.49 Frogs HYLIDAE Litoria genimaculata "Massey Ra, 6km NW Centre Bellenden Ker" 17.14 145.48 Frogs HYLIDAE Litoria genimaculata "Upper Mulgrave, via Gordonvale" 17.06 145.49 Frogs HYLIDAE Litoria genimaculata "Stallions Pocket, Mulgrave R, via Gordonvale" 17.12 145.45 Frogs HYLIDAE Litoria genimaculata "Stallions Pocket, Mulgrave R, via Gordonvale" 17.12 145.45 Frogs HYLIDAE Litoria nasuta "Upper Mulgrave, via Gordonvale" 17.06 145.49 Frogs HYLIDAE Litoria rheocola "Stallions Pocket, Mulgrave R, via Gordonvale" 17.12 145.45 Frogs HYLIDAE Litoria rheocola "Stallions Pocket, Mulgrave R, via Gordonvale" 17.12 145.45 Frogs HYLIDAE Litoria rheocola "Stallions Pocket, Mulgrave R, via Gordonvale" 17.12 145.45 Frogs HYLIDAE Litoria rheocola "Stallions Pocket, Mulgrave R, via Gordonvale" 17.12 145.45 Frogs HYLIDAE Litoria rheocola "Stallions Pocket, Mulgrave R, via Gordonvale" 17.12 145.45 Frogs HYLIDAE Litoria rheocola "Stallions Pocket, Mulgrave R, via Gordonvale" 17.12 145.45 Frogs HYLIDAE Nyctimystes dayi "Stallions Pocket, Mulgrave R, via Gordonvale" 17.12 145.45 Frogs HYLIDAE Nyctimystes dayi "Stallions Pocket, Mulgrave R, via Gordonvale" 17.12 145.45 Frogs HYLIDAE Nyctimystes dayi Behana Gorge 17.1 145.49 Frogs HYLIDAE Nyctimystes dayi "Stallions Pocket, Mulgrave R, via Gordonvale" 17.12 145.45 Frogs HYLIDAE Nyctimystes dayi "Stallions Pocket, Mulgrave R, via Gordonvale" 17.12 145.45 Frogs HYLIDAE Nyctimystes dayi "Stallions Pocket, Mulgrave R, via Gordonvale" 17.12 145.45 Frogs HYLIDAE Nyctimystes dayi "Stallions Pocket, Mulgrave R, via Gordonvale" 17.12 145.45 Frogs HYLIDAE Nyctimystes dayi "Stallions Pocket, Mulgrave R, via Gordonvale" 17.12 145.45 Frogs HYLIDAE Nyctimystes dayi "Mulgrave Rd, `Stallions Pocket', via Mulgrave R" 17.12 145.45 Frogs HYLIDAE Nyctimystes dayi "Stallions Pocket, Mulgrave R, via Gordonvale" 17.12 145.45 Frogs HYLIDAE Nyctimystes dayi "Stallions Pocket, Mulgrave R, via Gordonvale" 17.12 145.45 Frogs HYLIDAE Nyctimystes dayi "Stallions Pocket, Mulgrave R, via Gordonvale" 17.12 145.45 Frogs HYLIDAE Nyctimystes dayi "Stallions Pocket, Mulgrave R, via Gordonvale" 17.12 145.45 Frogs HYLIDAE Nyctimystes dayi "Stalions Pocket, Mulgrave R, via Gordonvale" 17.12 145.45 Frogs HYLIDAE Nyctimystes dayi "Stallions Pocket, Mulgrave R, via Gordonvale" 17.12 145.45 Frogs HYLIDAE Nyctimystes dayi "Stallions Pocket, Mulgrave R, via Gordonvale" 17.12 145.45 Reptiles Cheluidae Elseya latisternum "Mulgrave R , Goldsborough, nr Gordonvale" 17.09 145.45 Reptiles GEKKONIDAE Carphodactylus laevis "Malbon Thompson Ra, S. Cairns" 17.05 145.52 Reptiles GEKKONIDAE Gehyra dubia Bellenden Ker Ra 17.12 145.51 Reptiles GEKKONIDAE Saltuarius cornutus "Bell Peak, N of Malba Thompson Ra" 17.05 145.52 Reptiles GEKKONIDAE Saltuarius cornutus "Bell Peak, N of Malba Thompson Ra" 17.05 145.52 Reptiles GEKKONIDAE Saltuarius cornutus "Bell Peak, N of Malba Thompson Ra" 17.05 145.52 Reptiles GEKKONIDAE Saltuarius cornutus Malbon Thompson Range 17.07 145.54 Reptiles GEKKONIDAE Saltuarius cornutus Bellenden Ker Ra 17.12 145.51 Reptiles PYGOPODIDAE Delma tincta Gordonvale 17.06 145.47 Reptiles SCINCIDAE Carlia laevis "Cairns, 35.1km S, on Bruce Hway" 17.13 145.54 Reptiles SCINCIDAE Carlia laevis "Cairns, 35.1km S, on Bruce Hway" 17.13 145.54 Reptiles SCINCIDAE Carlia rostralis "Mulgrave R, via Gordonvale" 17.12 145.45 Reptiles SCINCIDAE Coeranoscincus frontalis "Aloomba, nr Gordonvale" 17.07 145.5 Reptiles SCINCIDAE Glaphyromorphus mjobergi "Massey Ra, 12km S Gordonvale" 17.11 145.48 Reptiles SCINCIDAE Gnypetoscincus queenslandiae "Wright Creek, Lake Eacham" 17.03 145.46 Reptiles SCINCIDAE Gnypetoscincus queenslandiae "Malbon, Thompson Ra, S Bell Peak" 17.06 145.54 Reptiles SCINCIDAE Gnypetoscincus queenslandiae "Bell Peak, N of, 20km S Cairns" 17.05 145.53 Reptiles SCINCIDAE Gnypetoscincus queenslandiae "Bell Peak, N of, 20km S Cairns" 17.05 145.53 Reptiles SCINCIDAE Gnypetoscincus queenslandiae "North- South Bell Peak Saddle, Malbon Thompson Ra" 17.06 145.54 Reptiles SCINCIDAE Gnypetoscincus queenslandiae "Massey Ra, 6km NW Centre Bellenden Ker" 17.14 145.48 Reptiles SCINCIDAE Gnypetoscincus queenslandiae Kearney's Falls 17.14 145.47 Reptiles SCINCIDAE Gnypetoscincus queenslandiae "Atherton, Walkers Fragment" 17.09 145.52 Reptiles SCINCIDAE Gnypetoscincus queenslandiae "Atherton, Walkers Fragment" 17.09 145.52 Reptiles SCINCIDAE Gnypetoscincus queenslandiae "Atherton, Walkers Fragment" 17.09 145.52 Reptiles SCINCIDAE Gnypetoscincus queenslandiae "Atherton, Walkers Fragment" 17.09 145.52 Reptiles SCINCIDAE Gnypetoscincus queenslandiae "Bellenden Ker Ra, Mulgrave R" 17.07 145.47 Reptiles SCINCIDAE Gnypetoscincus queenslandiae "Atherton, Walkers Fragment" 17.09 145.52 Reptiles SCINCIDAE Lampropholis coggeri "North-South Bell Peak Saddle, Malbon Thompson Ra." 17.06 145.54 Reptiles SCINCIDAE Lampropholis coggeri "Palmerston NP, E Margin" 17.06 145.47 Reptiles SCINCIDAE Lampropholis coggeri "Bell Peak, Sth" 17.06 145.54 Reptiles SCINCIDAE Lampropholis robertsi "Bellenden Ker, Top of" 17.13 145.53 Reptiles SCINCIDAE Saproscincus basiliscus "North-South Bell Peak Saddle, Malbon Thompson Ra" 17.06 145.54 Reptiles SCINCIDAE Saproscincus czechurai "Massey Ra, 6km NW centre Bellenden Ker" 17.14 145.49 Reptiles SCINCIDAE Saproscincus tetradactylus "Kearneys Falls, Upp Mulgrave Rd" 17.14 145.47 Reptiles SCINCIDAE Saproscincus tetradactylus "Malbon Thompson Ra, Nth Bell Peak" 17.07 145.54 Reptiles SCINCIDAE Saproscincus tetradactylus "Mulgrave R, via Gordonvale" 17.12 145.45 Reptiles SCINCIDAE Saproscincus tetradactylus "Mulgrave R, via Gordonvale" 17.12 145.45 Reptiles AGAMIDAE Physignathus lesueurii "Mulgrave R, via Gordonvale" 17.12 145.45 Reptiles VARANIDAE Varanus panoptes "Aloomba, nr Cairns" 17.07 145.5 Reptiles TYPHLOPIDAE Ramphotyphlops polygrammicus Gordonvale 17.06 145.47 Reptiles Pythonidae Liasis mackloti "Green Hill, ca.20km S Cairns, nr Gordonvale" 17.03 145.48 Reptiles Pythonidae Morelia kinghorni "Mulgrave R, via Gordonvale" 17.06 145.49 Reptiles ELAPIDAE Demansia papuensis Goldsborough Stn 17.1 145.47 Birds ARDEIDAE Egretta intermedia plumifera Gordonvale 17.06 145.47 Birds SCOLOPACIDAE Actitis hypoleucos -0- Gordonvale 17.06 145.47 Birds TYTONIDAE Tyto alba delicatula Mulgrave R 17.07 145.47 Birds STRIGIDAE Ninox novaeseelandiae lurida Mulgrave R 17.07 145.47 Birds AEGOTHELIDAE Aegotheles cristatus leucogaster Between Innisfail and Cairns 17.13 145.55 Birds PITTIDAE Pitta versicolor intermedia Gordonvale 17.06 145.47 Birds ACANTHIZIDAE Gerygone palpebrosa flavida Mulgrave R 17.07 145.47 Birds PACHYCEPHALIDAE Pachycephala griseiceps peninsulae Mulgrave R 17.07 145.47 Birds PACHYCEPHALIDAE Pachycephala griseiceps peninsulae Mulgrave R 17.07 145.47 Birds MELIPHAGIDAE Myzomela sanguinolenta sanguinolenta Big Mulgrave R 17.07 145.47 Birds MELIPHAGIDAE Ramsayornis modestus -0- Gordonvale 17.06 145.47 Birds STURNIDAE Aplonis metallica metallica Mulgrave R 17.07 145.47 Birds STURNIDAE Aplonis metallica metallica Mulgrave R 17.07 145.47 Birds STURNIDAE Aplonis metallica metallica Mulgrave R 17.07 145.47 Birds ORIOLIDAE Oriolus flavocinctus flavocinctus Gordonvale 17.06 145.47 Birds ORIOLIDAE Oriolus flavocinctus flavocinctus Mulgrave R 17.07 145.47 Birds ORIOLIDAE Oriolus flavocinctus flavocinctus Mulgrave R 17.07 145.47 Birds ORIOLIDAE Oriolus flavocinctus flavocinctus Mulgrave R 17.07 145.47 Birds ORIOLIDAE Oriolus flavocinctus flavocinctus Mulgrave R 17.07 145.47 Birds ORIOLIDAE Oriolus flavocinctus flavocinctus Mulgrave R 17.07 145.47 Birds ORIOLIDAE Oriolus flavocinctus flavocinctus Mulgrave R 17.07 145.47 Birds ORIOLIDAE Oriolus flavocinctus flavocinctus Mulgrave R 17.07 145.47 Birds PTILONORHYNCHIDAE Ailuroedus melanotis maculosus "Allumbah, Atherton" 17.07 145.5 Mammals Dasyuridae Antechinus flavipes RUBECULUS Gordonvale 17.05 145.46 Mammals Dasyuridae Antechinus flavipes "Goldsborough Valley turnoff, 400m W" 17.08 145.45 Mammals Dasyuridae Antechinus flavipes Malbon Thompson Ra 17.05 145.52 Mammals Petauridae Dactylopsila trivirgata Gordonvale 17.05 145.46 Mammals Petauridae Dactylopsila trivirgata Gordonvale 17.05 145.46 Mammals Petauridae Petaurus breviceps longicaudatus Gordonvale 17.05 145.46 Mammals Vespertilionidae Miniopterus australis Gordonvale 17.06 145.47 Mammals Vespertilionidae Miniopterus australis Gordonvale 17.06 145.47 Mammals Vespertilionidae Miniopterus schreibersii Gordonvale 17.06 145.47 Mammals Muridae Melomys burtoni Meringa 17.05 145.46 Mammals Muridae Melomys burtoni "Mulgrave Sugar Mill area, via Cairns" 17.06 145.47 Mammals Muridae Melomys burtoni "Mulgrave Sugar Mill area, via Cairns" 17.06 145.47 Mammals Muridae Melomys burtoni "Mulgrave Sugar Mill area, via Cairns" 17.06 145.47 Mammals Muridae Melomys burtoni "Mulgrave Sugar Mill area, via Cairns" 17.06 145.47 Mammals Muridae Melomys burtoni "Mulgrave Sugar Mill area, via Cairns" 17.06 145.47 Mammals Muridae Melomys burtoni "Mulgrave Sugar Mill area, via Cairns" 17.06 145.47 Mammals Muridae Melomys burtoni "Mulgrave Sugar Mill area, via Cairns" 17.06 145.47 Mammals Muridae Melomys burtoni "Mulgrave Sugar Mill area, via Cairns" 17.06 145.47 Mammals Muridae Melomys burtoni "Mulgrave Sugar Mill area, via Cairns" 17.06 145.47 Mammals Muridae Melomys burtoni Gordonvale 17.05 145.46 Mammals Muridae Melomys cervinipes "Bayview Heights, Meringa" 17.05 145.46 Mammals Muridae Rattus fuscipes assimilis "Gordonvale, 1.6km N Princes Hwy turnoff" 17.05 145.46 Mammals Muridae Rattus rattus "Princes Hwy, Gordonvale turnoff, 0.8km S" 17.06 145.47 Mammals Muridae Rattus rattus "Figtree Ck, 16km S Gordonvale" 17.13 145.54 Mammals Muridae Rattus sordidus "Gordonvale, 1.6km N Princes Hwy turnoff" 17.05 145.46 Mammals Muridae Rattus sordidus "Gordonvale, 1.6km N Princes Hwy turnoff" 17.05 145.46 Mammals Muridae Rattus sordidus "Princes Hwy, 2km N Gordonvale turnoff" 17.06 145.47 Mammals Muridae Rattus sordidus "Gordonvale, 1.6km N Princes Hwy turnoff" 17.05 145.46 Mammals Muridae Rattus sordidus "Princes Hwy, 1.6km N Gordonvale Turnoff" 17.06 145.47 Wildlife Online Extract

Search Criteria: Species List for a Defined Area Species: All Type: All Status: All Records: All Date: All Latitude: 17.03333 to 17.233333 Longitude: 145.75 to 145.95 Email: [email protected] Date submitted: Tuesday 17 Nov 2009 08:39:28 Date extracted: Tuesday 17 Nov 2009 08:46:02 The number of records retrieved = 704

Disclaimer

As the EPA is still in a process of collating and vetting data, it is possible the information given is not complete. The information provided should only be used for the project for which it was requested and it should be appropriately acknowledged as being derived from Wildlife Online when it is used. The State of Queensland does not invite reliance upon, nor accept responsibility for this information. Persons should satisfy themselves through independent means as to the accuracy and completeness of this information. No statements, representations or warranties are made about the accuracy or completeness of this information. The State of Queensland disclaims all responsibility for this information and all liability (including without limitation, liability in negligence) for all expenses, losses, damages and costs you may incur as a result of the information being inaccurate or incomplete in any way for any reason. Kingdom Class Family Scientific Name Common Name I Q A Records animals amphibians Bufonidae Rhinella marina cane toad Y 14 animals amphibians Hylidae Litoria nasuta striped rocketfrog C 1 animals amphibians Hylidae Litoria caerulea common green treefrog C 3/2 animals amphibians Hylidae Litoria rheocola common mistfrog E E 7/7 animals amphibians Hylidae Litoria nannotis waterfall frog E E 1/1 animals amphibians Hylidae Nyctimystes dayi Australian lacelid E E 16/16 animals amphibians Hylidae Litoria latopalmata broad palmed rocketfrog C 1 animals amphibians Hylidae Litoria lesueuri sensu lato stony creek frog C 2/1 animals amphibians Hylidae Litoria genimaculata tapping green eyed frog R 1 animals amphibians Hylidae Litoria xanthomera orange thighed treefrog C 4 animals amphibians Microhylidae Cophixalus ornatus ornate nurseryfrog C 11/5 animals amphibians Microhylidae Austrochaperina fryi peeping whistlefrog R 1/1 animals amphibians Microhylidae Austrochaperina sp. 3/3 animals amphibians Microhylidae Austrochaperina robusta robust whistlefrog R 7 animals amphibians Myobatrachidae Mixophyes sp. 2 animals amphibians Myobatrachidae Taudactylus acutirostris sharp snouted dayfrog E EX 5/2 animals amphibians Ranidae Hylarana daemeli Australian woodfrog C 1/1 animals birds Acanthizidae Gerygone mouki brown gerygone C 9 animals birds Acanthizidae Gerygone palpebrosa fairy gerygone C 10 animals birds Acanthizidae Sericornis frontalis white-browed scrubwren C 1 animals birds Acanthizidae Gerygone levigaster mangrove gerygone C 1 animals birds Acanthizidae Gerygone magnirostris large-billed gerygone C 12 animals birds Acanthizidae Sericornis magnirostra large-billed scrubwren C 12 animals birds Acanthizidae Oreoscopus gutturalis fernwren C 3 animals birds Accipitridae Milvus migrans black kite C 10 animals birds Accipitridae Hamirostra melanosternon black-breasted buzzard C 1 animals birds Accipitridae Haliaeetus leucogaster white-bellied sea-eagle C 3 animals birds Accipitridae Haliastur sphenurus whistling kite C 6 animals birds Accipitridae Aviceda subcristata Pacific baza C 1 animals birds Accipitridae Accipiter fasciatus brown goshawk C 3 animals birds Accipitridae Lophoictinia isura square-tailed kite R 1 animals birds Accipitridae Haliastur indus brahminy kite C 1 animals birds Accipitridae Pandion cristatus eastern osprey C 1 animals birds Accipitridae Elanus axillaris black-shouldered kite C 1 animals birds Alaudidae Mirafra javanica Horsfield's bushlark C 5 animals birds Alcedinidae Ceyx azureus azure kingfisher C 1 animals birds Anatidae Anas gracilis grey teal C 3 animals birds Anatidae Aythya australis hardhead C 6 animals birds Anatidae Dendrocygna arcuata wandering whistling-duck C 1 animals birds Anatidae Nettapus coromandelianus cotton pygmy-goose R 2 animals birds Anatidae Nettapus pulchellus green pygmy-goose C 1 animals birds Anatidae Anas superciliosa Pacific black duck C 11 animals birds Anhingidae Anhinga novaehollandiae Australasian darter C 4 animals birds Apodidae Hirundapus caudacutus white-throated needletail C 1 animals birds Apodidae Aerodramus terraereginae Australian swiftlet R 30 animals birds Ardeidae Ardea ibis cattle egret C 1

Page 1 of 16 Environmental Protection Agency Wildlife Online - Extract Date 17/11/2009 at 08:46:02 Kingdom Class Family Scientific Name Common Name I Q A Records animals birds Ardeidae Ardea intermedia intermediate egret C 2 animals birds Ardeidae Egretta novaehollandiae white-faced heron C 3 animals birds Ardeidae Egretta garzetta little egret C 2 animals birds Ardeidae Ardea pacifica white-necked heron C 1 animals birds Ardeidae Ardea modesta eastern great egret C 6 animals birds Artamidae Cracticus quoyi black butcherbird C 25 animals birds Artamidae Strepera graculina pied currawong C 2 animals birds Artamidae Artamus leucorynchus white-breasted woodswallow C 18 animals birds Burhinidae Burhinus grallarius bush stone-curlew C 1 animals birds Cacatuidae Cacatua galerita sulphur-crested cockatoo C 38 animals birds Campephagidae Coracina lineata barred cuckoo-shrike C 2 animals birds Campephagidae Lalage leucomela varied triller C 34 animals birds Campephagidae Coracina tenuirostris cicadabird C 5 animals birds Campephagidae Coracina papuensis white-bellied cuckoo-shrike C 13 animals birds Casuariidae Casuarius casuarius johnsonii (southern population) southern cassowary (southern E E 14 population) animals birds Charadriidae Vanellus miles miles masked lapwing (northern subspecies) C 3 animals birds Charadriidae Charadrius veredus oriental plover C 3 animals birds Charadriidae Elseyornis melanops black-fronted dotterel C 4 animals birds Charadriidae Vanellus tricolor banded lapwing C 1 animals birds Charadriidae Vanellus miles masked lapwing C 11 animals birds Charadriidae Pluvialis fulva Pacific golden plover C 2 animals birds Ciconiidae Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus black-necked stork R 4 animals birds Cisticolidae Cisticola exilis golden-headed cisticola C 11 animals birds Climacteridae Cormobates leucophaea white-throated treecreeper C 2 animals birds Columbidae Columba livia rock dove Y 2 animals birds Columbidae Ducula bicolor pied imperial-pigeon C 11 animals birds Columbidae Columba leucomela white-headed pigeon C 2 animals birds Columbidae Geopelia humeralis bar-shouldered dove C 20 animals birds Columbidae Chalcophaps indica emerald dove C 5 animals birds Columbidae Ptilinopus regina rose-crowned fruit-dove C 3 animals birds Columbidae Geopelia striata peaceful dove C 24 animals birds Columbidae Ptilinopus superbus superb fruit-dove C 10 animals birds Columbidae Lopholaimus antarcticus topknot pigeon C 5 animals birds Columbidae Streptopelia chinensis spotted dove Y 17 animals birds Columbidae Macropygia amboinensis brown cuckoo-dove C 11 animals birds Columbidae Ptilinopus magnificus wompoo fruit-dove C 10 animals birds Coraciidae Eurystomus orientalis dollarbird C 1 animals birds Corvidae Corvus orru Torresian crow C 2 animals birds Cuculidae Cuculus optatus oriental cuckoo C 3 animals birds Cuculidae Cacomantis variolosus brush cuckoo C 7 animals birds Cuculidae Chalcites minutillus russatus Gould's bronze-cuckoo C 2 animals birds Cuculidae Scythrops novaehollandiae channel-billed cuckoo C 2 animals birds Cuculidae Cacomantis flabelliformis fan-tailed cuckoo C 2 animals birds Cuculidae Centropus phasianinus pheasant coucal C 13 animals birds Cuculidae Eudynamys orientalis eastern koel C 8

Page 2 of 16 Environmental Protection Agency Wildlife Online - Extract Date 17/11/2009 at 08:46:02 Kingdom Class Family Scientific Name Common Name I Q A Records animals birds Cuculidae Chalcites lucidus shining bronze-cuckoo C 2 animals birds Dicruridae Dicrurus bracteatus spangled drongo C 30 animals birds Estrildidae Neochmia phaeton crimson finch V 8 animals birds Estrildidae Neochmia temporalis red-browed finch C 13 animals birds Estrildidae Lonchura castaneothorax chestnut-breasted mannikin C 5 animals birds Estrildidae Lonchura punctulata nutmeg mannikin Y 8 animals birds Eurostopodidae Eurostopodus argus spotted nightjar C 1 animals birds Eurostopodidae Eurostopodus mystacalis white-throated nightjar C 1 animals birds Falconidae Falco peregrinus peregrine falcon C 1 animals birds Glareolidae Stiltia isabella Australian pratincole C 3 animals birds Glareolidae Glareola maldivarum oriental pratincole C 7 animals birds Halcyonidae Dacelo leachii blue-winged kookaburra C 4/3 animals birds Halcyonidae Tanysiptera sylvia buff-breasted paradise-kingfisher C 7/2 animals birds Halcyonidae Todiramphus macleayii forest kingfisher C 16 animals birds Halcyonidae Todiramphus pyrrhopygius red-backed kingfisher C 1 animals birds Halcyonidae Dacelo novaeguineae laughing kookaburra C 21 animals birds Hirundinidae Hirundo neoxena welcome swallow C 19 animals birds Hirundinidae Cecropis daurica red-rumped swallow C 1 animals birds Hirundinidae Petrochelidon nigricans tree martin C 1 animals birds Laridae Gelochelidon nilotica gull-billed tern C 1 animals birds Maluridae Malurus amabilis lovely fairy-wren C 3 animals birds Maluridae Malurus melanocephalus red-backed fairy-wren C 8 animals birds Maluridae Malurus lamberti variegated fairy-wren C 1 animals birds Megaluridae Megalurus timoriensis tawny grassbird C 11 animals birds Megaluridae Cincloramphus cruralis brown songlark C 2 animals birds Megapodiidae Alectura lathami Australian brush-turkey C 7 animals birds Megapodiidae Megapodius reinwardt orange-footed scrubfowl C 4 animals birds Meliphagidae Meliphaga notata yellow-spotted honeyeater C 34 animals birds Meliphagidae Melithreptus albogularis white-throated honeyeater C 20 animals birds Meliphagidae Philemon citreogularis little friarbird C 1 animals birds Meliphagidae Myzomela sanguinolenta scarlet honeyeater C 5 animals birds Meliphagidae Lichenostomus frenatus bridled honeyeater C 3 animals birds Meliphagidae Lichenostomus chrysops yellow-faced honeyeater C 4 animals birds Meliphagidae Xanthotis macleayanus Macleay's honeyeater C 8 animals birds Meliphagidae Ramsayornis modestus brown-backed honeyeater C 10 animals birds Meliphagidae Lichmera indistincta brown honeyeater C 12 animals birds Meliphagidae Lichenostomus flavus yellow honeyeater C 20 animals birds Meliphagidae Meliphaga lewinii Lewin's honeyeater C 7 animals birds Meliphagidae Meliphaga gracilis graceful honeyeater C 36 animals birds Meliphagidae Myzomela obscura dusky honeyeater C 28 animals birds Meliphagidae Philemon buceroides helmeted friarbird C 27 animals birds Meropidae Merops ornatus rainbow bee-eater C 12 animals birds Monarchidae Arses kaupi pied monarch C 1 animals birds Monarchidae Myiagra ruficollis broad-billed flycatcher C 1 animals birds Monarchidae Monarcha melanopsis black-faced monarch C 1 animals birds Monarchidae Symposiarchus trivirgatus spectacled monarch C 21

Page 3 of 16 Environmental Protection Agency Wildlife Online - Extract Date 17/11/2009 at 08:46:02 Kingdom Class Family Scientific Name Common Name I Q A Records animals birds Monarchidae Machaerirhynchus flaviventer yellow-breasted boatbill C 6 animals birds Monarchidae Carterornis leucotis white-eared monarch C 1 animals birds Monarchidae Grallina cyanoleuca magpie-lark C 30 animals birds Monarchidae Myiagra rubecula leaden flycatcher C 7 animals birds Monarchidae Myiagra alecto shining flycatcher C 2 animals birds Motacillidae Anthus novaeseelandiae Australasian pipit C 6 animals birds Motacillidae Motacilla flava (sensu lato) yellow wagtail C 16 animals birds Nectariniidae Nectarinia jugularis olive-backed sunbird C 28 animals birds Nectariniidae Dicaeum hirundinaceum mistletoebird C 25 animals birds Oriolidae Oriolus sagittatus olive-backed oriole C 4 animals birds Oriolidae Oriolus flavocinctus yellow oriole C 32 animals birds Oriolidae Sphecotheres vieilloti Australasian figbird C 32 animals birds Orthonychidae Orthonyx spaldingii chowchilla C 5 animals birds Pachycephalidae Colluricincla boweri Bower's shrike-thrush C 1 animals birds Pachycephalidae Pachycephala pectoralis golden whistler C 6 animals birds Pachycephalidae Pachycephala rufiventris rufous whistler C 6 animals birds Pachycephalidae Pachycephala simplex peninsulae grey whistler C 14 animals birds Pachycephalidae Colluricincla megarhyncha little shrike-thrush C 31 animals birds Paradisaeidae Ptiloris victoriae Victoria's riflebird C 10 animals birds Pardalotidae Pardalotus striatus striated pardalote C 10 animals birds Passeridae Passer domesticus house sparrow Y 5 animals birds Pelecanidae Pelecanus conspicillatus Australian pelican C 4 animals birds Petroicidae Tregellasia capito pale-yellow robin C 11 animals birds Petroicidae Heteromyias cinereifrons grey-headed robin C 4 animals birds Petroicidae Microeca flavigaster lemon-bellied flycatcher C 2 animals birds Petroicidae Eopsaltria australis eastern yellow robin C 1 animals birds Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax carbo great cormorant C 4 animals birds Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax varius pied cormorant C 1 animals birds Phalacrocoracidae Microcarbo melanoleucos little pied cormorant C 7 animals birds Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocorax sulcirostris little black cormorant C 5 animals birds Phasianidae Coturnix ypsilophora brown quail C 1 animals birds Pittidae Pitta versicolor noisy pitta C 13/1 animals birds Podicipedidae Tachybaptus novaehollandiae Australasian grebe C 3 animals birds Psittacidae Alisterus scapularis Australian king-parrot C 4 animals birds Psittacidae Cyclopsitta diophthalma macleayana Macleay's fig-parrot V 24 animals birds Psittacidae Trichoglossus haematodus moluccanus rainbow lorikeet C 27 animals birds Psittacidae Trichoglossus chlorolepidotus scaly-breasted lorikeet C 9 animals birds Psophodidae Psophodes olivaceus eastern whipbird C 3 animals birds Ptilonorhynchidae Ailuroedus melanotis spotted catbird C 8 animals birds Ptilonorhynchidae Ptilonorhynchus nuchalis great bowerbird C 3/3 animals birds Ptilonorhynchidae Scenopoeetes dentirostris tooth-billed bowerbird C 1 animals birds Rallidae Fulica atra Eurasian coot C 1 animals birds Rallidae Gallinula tenebrosa dusky moorhen C 3 animals birds Rallidae Porphyrio porphyrio purple swamphen C 1 animals birds Rallidae Gallirallus philippensis buff-banded rail C 1 animals birds Recurvirostridae Himantopus himantopus black-winged stilt C 1

Page 4 of 16 Environmental Protection Agency Wildlife Online - Extract Date 17/11/2009 at 08:46:02 Kingdom Class Family Scientific Name Common Name I Q A Records animals birds Rhipiduridae Rhipidura albiscapa grey fantail C 7 animals birds Rhipiduridae Rhipidura leucophrys willie wagtail C 35 animals birds Rhipiduridae Rhipidura rufiventris northern fantail C 4 animals birds Rhipiduridae Rhipidura rufifrons rufous fantail C 9 animals birds Scolopacidae Numenius minutus little curlew C 8 animals birds Scolopacidae Calidris acuminata sharp-tailed sandpiper C 1 animals birds Scolopacidae Actitis hypoleucos common sandpiper C 1 animals birds Strigidae Ninox boobook southern boobook C 2 animals birds Sturnidae Aplornis metallica metallic starling C 19 animals birds Sturnidae Sturnus tristis common myna Y 23 animals birds Threskiornithidae Platalea regia royal spoonbill C 2 animals birds Threskiornithidae Plegadis falcinellus glossy ibis C 4 animals birds Threskiornithidae Threskiornis spinicollis straw-necked ibis C 5 animals birds Threskiornithidae Threskiornis molucca Australian white ibis C 1 animals birds Timaliidae Zosterops lateralis silvereye C 19 animals birds Tytonidae Tyto longimembris eastern grass owl C 1 animals bony fish Anguillidae Anguilla reinhardtii longfin eel 1 animals bony fish Atherinidae Craterocephalus stercusmuscarum flyspecked hardyhead 1 animals bony fish Eleotridae Hypseleotris compressa empire gudgeon 2/1 animals bony fish Gobiidae Stiphodon alleni Allen's stiphodon 1/1 animals bony fish Gobiidae Schismatogobius sp. scaleless goby 1 animals bony fish Gobiidae Glossogobius species 1 false celebes goby 3/3 animals bony fish Melanotaeniidae Cairnsichthys rhombosomoides Cairns rainbowfish 1/1 animals bony fish Melanotaeniidae Melanotaenia splendida splendida eastern rainbowfish 3/1 animals bony fish Pseudomugilidae Pseudomugil signifer Pacific blue eye 3/2 animals insects Lycaenidae Hypochrysops apollo apollo Apollo jewel (Wet Tropics subspecies) V 11 animals mammals Canidae Canis familiaris dog Y 1 animals mammals Macropodidae Thylogale stigmatica red-legged pademelon C 2 animals mammals Muridae Rattus sordidus canefield rat C 16/16 animals mammals Muridae Uromys caudimaculatus giant white-tailed rat C 2 animals mammals Peramelidae Perameles nasuta long-nosed bandicoot C 3 animals mammals Peramelidae Isoodon macrourus northern brown bandicoot C 1 animals mammals Petauridae Dactylopsila trivirgata striped possum C 1 animals mammals Potoroidae Hypsiprymnodon moschatus musky rat-kangaroo C 2 animals mammals Pteropodidae Pteropus conspicillatus spectacled flying-fox C V 4 animals mammals Suidae Sus scrofa pig Y 1 animals reptiles Agamidae Hypsilurus boydii Boyd's forest dragon C 2 animals reptiles Agamidae Physignathus lesueurii eastern water dragon C 1 animals reptiles Boidae Liasis mackloti water python C 2 animals reptiles Boidae Morelia kinghorni amethystine python (Australian form) C 3 animals reptiles Chelidae Wollumbinia latisternum saw-shelled turtle C 1 animals reptiles Colubridae Boiga irregularis brown tree snake C 1 animals reptiles Colubridae Stegonotus cucullatus slaty-grey snake C 1 animals reptiles Elapidae Tropidechis carinatus rough-scaled snake C 1 animals reptiles Elapidae Oxyuranus scutellatus coastal taipan C 1/1 animals reptiles Gekkonidae Nactus cheverti C 1/1

Page 5 of 16 Environmental Protection Agency Wildlife Online - Extract Date 17/11/2009 at 08:46:02 Kingdom Class Family Scientific Name Common Name I Q A Records animals reptiles Gekkonidae Saltuarius cornutus northern leaf-tailed gecko C 3/1 animals reptiles Gekkonidae Carphodactylus laevis chameleon gecko C 2 animals reptiles Scincidae Carlia rostralis C 1 animals reptiles Scincidae Carlia rubrigularis C 1 animals reptiles Scincidae Coeranoscincus frontalis R 1/1 animals reptiles Scincidae Gnypetoscincus queenslandiae C 1 fungi club fungi Basidiomycota Amanita C 1/1 fungi club fungi Basidiomycota Trametes C 1/1 fungi club fungi Basidiomycota Lenzites C 1/1 fungi club fungi Basidiomycota Marasmius C 1/1 fungi club fungi Basidiomycota Basidiomycota C 10/10 fungi club fungi Basidiomycota Microporus xanthopus C 1/1 fungi club fungi Basidiomycota Auricularia polytricha C 1/1 fungi club fungi Basidiomycota Trametes scabrosa C 1/1 fungi club fungi Basidiomycota Phellinus C 1/1 fungi sac fungi Gyalectaceae Coenogonium confervoides C 1/1 fungi sac fungi Pannariaceae Pannaria fulvescens C 1/1 fungi sac fungi Pyrenulaceae Pyrenula cruenta C 1/1 fungi sac fungi Trypetheliaceae Trypethelium tropicum C 1/1 plants club mosses Lycopodiaceae Huperzia lockyeri V V 1/1 plants club mosses Lycopodiaceae Huperzia tetrastichoides C 1/1 plants conifers Podocarpaceae Podocarpus smithii C 1/1 plants conifers Podocarpaceae Podocarpus dispermus C 1/1 plants cycads Cycadaceae Cycas media subsp. banksii C 1/1 plants ferns Adiantaceae Adiantum silvaticum C 1/1 plants ferns Adiantaceae Cheilanthes brownii C 2/2 plants ferns Adiantaceae Cheilanthes nudiuscula C 2/2 plants ferns Adiantaceae Pityrogramma calomelanos var. calomelanos Y 1/1 plants ferns Angiopteridaceae Angiopteris evecta giant fern C 1/1 plants ferns Aspleniaceae Asplenium simplicifrons C 1/1 plants ferns Blechnaceae Doodia media C 1/1 plants ferns Blechnaceae Blechnum whelanii C 2/2 plants ferns Davalliaceae Humata repens dwarf hare's foot fern C 1/1 plants ferns Davalliaceae Davallia denticulata var. denticulata C 1/1 plants ferns Dennstaedtiaceae Hypolepis tenuifolia C 1/1 plants ferns Dennstaedtiaceae Oenotrichia tripinnata C 1/1 plants ferns Dryopteridaceae Tectaria confluens C 1/1 plants ferns Dryopteridaceae Arachniodes aristata prickly shield fern C 1/1 plants ferns Grammitidaceae Grammitis stenophylla C 1/1 plants ferns Grammitidaceae Prosaptia fuscopilosa C 2/2 plants ferns Hymenophyllaceae Hymenophyllum walleri C 2/2 plants ferns Hymenophyllaceae Hymenophyllum samoense C 2/2 plants ferns Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea fraseri C 1/1 plants ferns Lindsaeaceae Lindsaea brachypoda C 1/1 plants ferns Nephrolepidaceae Nephrolepis cordifolia fishbone fern C 1/1 plants ferns Polypodiaceae Colysis ampla C 1/1

Page 6 of 16 Environmental Protection Agency Wildlife Online - Extract Date 17/11/2009 at 08:46:02 Kingdom Class Family Scientific Name Common Name I Q A Records plants ferns Polypodiaceae Crypsinus simplicissimus C 2/2 plants ferns Polypodiaceae Dictymia brownii strap fern C 1/1 plants ferns Salviniaceae Salvinia molesta salvinia Y 1/1 plants ferns Schizaeaceae Lygodium flexuosum C 1/1 plants ferns Thelypteridaceae Christella hispidula C 1/1 plants ferns Vittariaceae Monogramma acrocarpa C 1/1 plants higher dicots Acanthaceae Justicia betonica Y 2/2 plants higher dicots Acanthaceae Thunbergia fragrans Y 1/1 plants higher dicots Acanthaceae Stephanophysum longifolium Y 1/1 plants higher dicots Acanthaceae Thunbergia grandiflora sky flower Y 4/4 plants higher dicots Alseuosmiaceae Crispiloba disperma C 2/2 plants higher dicots Amaranthaceae Amaranthus viridis green amaranth Y 1/1 plants higher dicots Amaranthaceae Gomphrena celosioides gomphrena weed Y 1/1 plants higher dicots Amaranthaceae Deeringia arborescens climbing deeringia C 2/2 plants higher dicots Anacardiaceae Semecarpus australiensis native cashew tree C 1/1 plants higher dicots Anacardiaceae Euroschinus falcatus var. falcatus C 3/3 plants higher dicots Apiaceae Platysace valida C 1/1 plants higher dicots Apiaceae Mackinlaya confusa C 2/2 plants higher dicots Apocynaceae Parsonsia longipetiolata C 1/1 plants higher dicots Apocynaceae Tabernaemontana pandacaqui banana bush C 1/1 plants higher dicots Apocynaceae Ichnocarpus frutescens C 1/1 plants higher dicots Apocynaceae Parsonsia bartlensis V 1/1 plants higher dicots Apocynaceae Tylophora rupicola E E 2/2 plants higher dicots Apocynaceae Parsonsia velutina hairy silkpod C 2/2 plants higher dicots Apocynaceae Cerbera inflata C 1/1 plants higher dicots Apocynaceae Marsdenia rara V 2/2 plants higher dicots Apocynaceae Alyxia spicata C 1/1 plants higher dicots Apocynaceae Marsdenia longipedicellata C 4/4 plants higher dicots Apocynaceae Hoya australis subsp. tenuipes C 1/1 plants higher dicots Aquifoliaceae Ilex arnhemensis subsp. ferdinandi C 2/2 plants higher dicots Araliaceae Hydrocotyle acutiloba C 1/1 plants higher dicots Araliaceae Astrotricha pterocarpa C 2/2 plants higher dicots Argophyllaceae Argophyllum lejourdanii C 6/6 plants higher dicots Argophyllaceae Argophyllum cryptophlebum R 2/2 plants higher dicots Asteraceae Peripleura diffusa C 1/1 plants higher dicots Asteraceae Ageratum conyzoides subsp. conyzoides Y 1/1 plants higher dicots Asteraceae Pseudelephantopus spicatus Y 1/1 plants higher dicots Asteraceae Synedrella nodiflora Y 1/1 plants higher dicots Asteraceae Ageratum houstonianum blue billygoat weed Y 1/1 plants higher dicots Asteraceae Cyanthillium cinereum C 2/2 plants higher dicots Asteraceae Eleutheranthera ruderalis Y 2/2 plants higher dicots Asteraceae Sphagneticola trilobata Y 1/1 plants higher dicots Asteraceae Praxelis clematidea Y 1/1 plants higher dicots Asteraceae Coronidium rupicola C 1/1 plants higher dicots Balanophoraceae Balanophora fungosa subsp. fungosa C 1/1 plants higher dicots Bignoniaceae Neosepicaea jucunda C 1/1

Page 7 of 16 Environmental Protection Agency Wildlife Online - Extract Date 17/11/2009 at 08:46:02 Kingdom Class Family Scientific Name Common Name I Q A Records plants higher dicots Bignoniaceae Parmentiera aculeata Y 1/1 plants higher dicots Boraginaceae Cordia dichotoma C 2/2 plants higher dicots Brassicaceae Lepidium virginicum Virginian peppercress Y 1/1 plants higher dicots Burseraceae Canarium vitiense C 1/1 plants higher dicots Burseraceae Canarium australianum var. australianum C 1/1 plants higher dicots Byttneriaceae Waltheria indica C 1/1 plants higher dicots Byttneriaceae Keraudrenia lanceolata C 1/1 plants higher dicots Byttneriaceae Commersonia macrostipulata C 1/1 plants higher dicots Caesalpiniaceae Bauhinia C 1/1 plants higher dicots Caesalpiniaceae Senna tora Y 1/1 plants higher dicots Caesalpiniaceae Senna hirsuta Y 1/1 plants higher dicots Capparaceae Capparis C 1/1 plants higher dicots Capparaceae Capparis sepiaria C 1/1 plants higher dicots Cardiopteridaceae Cardiopteris moluccana C 1/1 plants higher dicots Celastraceae Salacia disepala C 1/1 plants higher dicots Celastraceae Denhamia viridissima C 1/1 plants higher dicots Celastraceae Denhamia celastroides broad-leaved boxwood C 2/2 plants higher dicots Celastraceae Perrottetia arborescens C 4/4 plants higher dicots Cleomaceae Cleome hassleriana prickly spider-flower Y 1/1 plants higher dicots Clusiaceae Garcinia mestonii Meston's mangosteen C 3/3 plants higher dicots Combretaceae Dansiea elliptica R 5/5 plants higher dicots Connaraceae Connarus conchocarpus subsp. conchocarpus C 1/1 plants higher dicots Convolvulaceae Ipomoea brownii C 1/1 plants higher dicots Convolvulaceae Merremia hederacea C 1/1 plants higher dicots Convolvulaceae Evolvulus alsinoides C 1/1 plants higher dicots Convolvulaceae Xenostegia tridentata C 1/1 plants higher dicots Convolvulaceae Ipomoea hederifolia Y 2/2 plants higher dicots Convolvulaceae Erycibe coccinea C 3/3 plants higher dicots Convolvulaceae Ipomoea obscura Y 2/2 plants higher dicots Cucurbitaceae Coccinia grandis Y 1/1 plants higher dicots Cucurbitaceae Neoachmandra cunninghamii C 1/1 plants higher dicots Dilleniaceae Hibbertia velutina C 1/1 plants higher dicots Dilleniaceae Tetracera nordtiana C 1/1 plants higher dicots Dilleniaceae Hibbertia melhanioides var. baileyana C 2/2 plants higher dicots Ebenaceae Diospyros cupulosa C 1/1 plants higher dicots Ebenaceae Diospyros hebecarpa C 3/3 plants higher dicots Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus arnhemicus C 1/1 plants higher dicots Ericaceae Acrotriche baileyana R 1/1 plants higher dicots Ericaceae Rhododendron lochiae native rhododendron C 2/2 plants higher dicots Ericaceae Leucopogon ruscifolius C 1/1 plants higher dicots Euphorbiaceae Tragia finalis C 1/1 plants higher dicots Euphorbiaceae Macaranga involucrata var. mallotoides C 3/3 plants higher dicots Euphorbiaceae Codiaeum variegatum var. moluccanum C 1/1 plants higher dicots Euphorbiaceae Chamaesyce hyssopifolia Y 1/1 plants higher dicots Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia heterophylla Y 1/1 plants higher dicots Euphorbiaceae Claoxylon tenerifolium Queensland brittlewood C 1/1

Page 8 of 16 Environmental Protection Agency Wildlife Online - Extract Date 17/11/2009 at 08:46:02 Kingdom Class Family Scientific Name Common Name I Q A Records plants higher dicots Euphorbiaceae Rockinghamia brevipes C 1/1 plants higher dicots Euphorbiaceae Mallotus mollissimus C 1/1 plants higher dicots Euphorbiaceae Macaranga subdentata C 1/1 plants higher dicots Euphorbiaceae Mallotus polyadenos C 2/2 plants higher dicots Euphorbiaceae Mallotus ficifolius C 1/1 plants higher dicots Euphorbiaceae Macaranga tanarius macaranga C 1/1 plants higher dicots Euphorbiaceae Cleidion javanicum C 1/1 plants higher dicots Euphorbiaceae Manihot esculenta Y 1/1 plants higher dicots Euphorbiaceae Chamaesyce hirta asthma plant Y 2/2 plants higher dicots Euphorbiaceae Claoxylon hillii C 5/5 plants higher dicots Euphorbiaceae Ricinus communis castor oil bush Y 1/1 plants higher dicots Euphorbiaceae Mallotus repandus C 1/1 plants higher dicots Euphorbiaceae Bertya polystigma C 3/3 plants higher dicots Fabaceae Tephrosia astragaloides C 2/2 plants higher dicots Fabaceae Austrosteenisia blackii var. astipella C 1/1 plants higher dicots Fabaceae Crotalaria novae-hollandiae subsp. novae-hollandiae C 1/1 plants higher dicots Fabaceae Crotalaria zanzibarica Y 1/1 plants higher dicots Fabaceae Hanslia ormocarpoides C 4/4 plants higher dicots Fabaceae Crotalaria goreensis gambia pea Y 1/1 plants higher dicots Fabaceae Derris koolgibberah C 1/1 plants higher dicots Fabaceae Cajanus acutifolius C 1/1 plants higher dicots Fabaceae Ormosia ormondii C 1/1 plants higher dicots Fabaceae Centrosema molle Y 1/1 plants higher dicots Fabaceae Derris C 2/2 plants higher dicots Fabaceae Derris sp. (Daintree D.E.Boyland+ 469) C 2/2 plants higher dicots Fabaceae Cajanus reticulatus var. reticulatus C 1/1 plants higher dicots Fabaceae Rhynchosia acuminatissima C 1/1 plants higher dicots Fabaceae Crotalaria pallida var. obovata Y 1/1 plants higher dicots Fabaceae Pultenaea millarii var. millarii C 2/2 plants higher dicots Flacourtiaceae Scolopia braunii flintwood C 2/2 plants higher dicots Flacourtiaceae Baileyoxylon lanceolatum C 1/1 plants higher dicots Flacourtiaceae Casearia grewiifolia var. gelonioides C 1/1 plants higher dicots Flacourtiaceae Homalium circumpinnatum C 1/1 plants higher dicots Flacourtiaceae Casearia costulata C 3/3 plants higher dicots Goodeniaceae Scaevola enantophylla C 1/1 plants higher dicots Haloragaceae Gonocarpus acanthocarpus C 1/1 plants higher dicots Lamiaceae Hyptis capitata Y 1/1 plants higher dicots Lamiaceae Premna serratifolia C 1/1 plants higher dicots Lamiaceae Clerodendrum tracyanum C 1/1 plants higher dicots Lamiaceae Plectranthus thalassoscopicus C 3/3 plants higher dicots Lamiaceae Clerodendrum paniculatum Y 1/1 plants higher dicots Lamiaceae Glossocarya hemiderma C 2/2 plants higher dicots Lamiaceae Plectranthus gratus V V 14/14 plants higher dicots Lamiaceae Faradaya splendida C 1/1 plants higher dicots Lecythidaceae Barringtonia calyptrata C 1/1 plants higher dicots Loganiaceae Strychnos minor C 3/3

Page 9 of 16 Environmental Protection Agency Wildlife Online - Extract Date 17/11/2009 at 08:46:02 Kingdom Class Family Scientific Name Common Name I Q A Records plants higher dicots Loganiaceae Mitrasacme pygmaea C 1/1 plants higher dicots Loganiaceae Mitrasacme oasena C 1/1 plants higher dicots Loranthaceae Amylotheca dictyophleba C 1/1 plants higher dicots Malvaceae Abelmoschus manihot subsp. tetraphyllus Y 1/1 plants higher dicots Meliaceae Dysoxylum papuanum C 1/1 plants higher dicots Meliaceae Dysoxylum gaudichaudianum ivory mahogany C 3/3 plants higher dicots Meliaceae Dysoxylum arborescens C 2/2 plants higher dicots Meliaceae Dysoxylum parasiticum yellow mahogany C 2/2 plants higher dicots Meliaceae Chisocheton longistipitatus C 1/1 plants higher dicots Mimosaceae Acacia celsa C 1/1 plants higher dicots Mimosaceae Acacia concinna Y 1/1 plants higher dicots Mimosaceae Acacia calyculata C 1/1 plants higher dicots Mimosaceae Acacia albizioides climbing wattle R 1/1 plants higher dicots Mimosaceae Acacia crassicarpa C 1/1 plants higher dicots Mimosaceae Leucaena leucocephala subsp. leucocephala Y 1/1 plants higher dicots Mimosaceae Entada phaseoloides matchbox bean C 2/2 plants higher dicots Mimosaceae Acacia aulacocarpa C 2/2 plants higher dicots Mimosaceae Acacia cincinnata C 1/1 plants higher dicots Mimosaceae Acacia humifusa C 2/2 plants higher dicots Mimosaceae Acacia simsii C 2/2 plants higher dicots Mimosaceae Acacia mangium C 4/4 plants higher dicots Moraceae Ficus fraseri white sandpaper fig C 1/1 plants higher dicots Moraceae Ficus pantoniana var. pantoniana C 1/1 plants higher dicots Moraceae Ficus variegata var. variegata C 1/1 plants higher dicots Moraceae Ficus virgata var. virgata C 2/2 plants higher dicots Moraceae Ficus albipila var. albipila C 1/1 plants higher dicots Moraceae Ficus benjamina var. benjamina weeping fig C 2/2 plants higher dicots Moraceae Ficus racemosa var. racemosa C 3/3 plants higher dicots Moraceae Ficus virens var. virens C 1/1 plants higher dicots Myodocarpaceae Delarbrea michieana C 1/1 plants higher dicots Myrsinaceae Myrsine porosa C 1/1 plants higher dicots Myrsinaceae Embelia caulialata C 1/1 plants higher dicots Myrsinaceae Ardisia pachyrrhachis C 1/1 plants higher dicots Myrtaceae Melaleuca sp. (Walshs Pyramid P.I.Forster PIF13767) C 2/2 plants higher dicots Myrtaceae Melaleuca C 1/1 plants higher dicots Myrtaceae Syzygium boonjee C 1/1 plants higher dicots Myrtaceae Syzygium oleosum blue cherry C 1/1 plants higher dicots Myrtaceae Decaspermum humile silky myrtle C 1/1 plants higher dicots Myrtaceae Acmenosperma claviflorum grey satinash C 2/2 plants higher dicots Myrtaceae Rhodomyrtus macrocarpa finger cherry C 1/1 plants higher dicots Myrtaceae Rhodamnia sessiliflora C 1/1 plants higher dicots Myrtaceae Eucalyptus platyphylla poplar gum C 1/1 plants higher dicots Myrtaceae Syzygium xerampelinum C 3/3 plants higher dicots Myrtaceae Syzygium erythrodoxum C 2/2 plants higher dicots Myrtaceae Syzygium apodophyllum C 1/1 plants higher dicots Myrtaceae Ristantia pachysperma yellow penda C 1/1

Page 10 of 16 Environmental Protection Agency Wildlife Online - Extract Date 17/11/2009 at 08:46:02 Kingdom Class Family Scientific Name Common Name I Q A Records plants higher dicots Myrtaceae Melaleuca leucadendra broad-leaved tea-tree C 1/1 plants higher dicots Myrtaceae Leptospermum polygalifolium tantoon C 1/1 plants higher dicots Myrtaceae Xanthostemon chrysanthus black penda C 3/3 plants higher dicots Myrtaceae Tristaniopsis exiliflora kanuka box C 2/2 plants higher dicots Myrtaceae Eugenia reinwardtiana beach cherry C 1/1 plants higher dicots Myrtaceae Syzygium tierneyanum river cherry C 3/3 plants higher dicots Myrtaceae Syzygium cormiflorum bumpy satinash C 1/1 plants higher dicots Myrtaceae Lenwebbia lasioclada C 1/1 plants higher dicots Myrtaceae Eucalyptus granitica granite ironbark C 1/1 plants higher dicots Myrtaceae Syzygium luehmannii C 1/1 plants higher dicots Myrtaceae Melaleuca viminalis C 1/1 plants higher dicots Myrtaceae Eucalyptus reducta C 2/2 plants higher dicots Myrtaceae Sannantha angusta C 1/1 plants higher dicots Nyctaginaceae Pisonia aculeata thorny Pisonia C 1/1 plants higher dicots Nyctaginaceae Pisonia umbellifera birdlime tree C 3/3 plants higher dicots Oleaceae Chionanthus sleumeri C 1/1 plants higher dicots Oleaceae Ligustrum australianum C 1/1 plants higher dicots Oleaceae Jasminum didymum subsp. didymum C 1/1 plants higher dicots Oleaceae Chionanthus ramiflora northern olive C 1/1 plants higher dicots Passifloraceae Passiflora aurantioides C 1/1 plants higher dicots Petiveriaceae Rivina humilis Y 1/1 plants higher dicots Phyllanthaceae Glochidion C 1/1 plants higher dicots Phyllanthaceae Antidesma erostre C 2/2 plants higher dicots Phyllanthaceae Bischofia javanica C 2/2 plants higher dicots Phyllanthaceae Glochidion hylandii C 2/2 plants higher dicots Phyllanthaceae Glochidion harveyanum C 2/2 plants higher dicots Phyllanthaceae Phyllanthus clamboides C 1/1 plants higher dicots Phyllanthaceae Phyllanthus carpentariae C 2/2 plants higher dicots Phyllanthaceae Glochidion philippicum C 4/4 plants higher dicots Phyllanthaceae Phyllanthus collinus C 1/1 plants higher dicots Phyllanthaceae Cleistanthus apodus C 1/1 plants higher dicots Phyllanthaceae Bridelia insulana C 3/3 plants higher dicots Phyllanthaceae Antidesma bunius currantwood C 1/1 plants higher dicots Pittosporaceae Bursaria tenuifolia C 1/1 plants higher dicots Pittosporaceae Pittosporum rubiginosum C 2/2 plants higher dicots Pittosporaceae Pittosporum ferrugineum subsp. linifolium C 2/2 plants higher dicots Polygalaceae Polygala paniculata Y 1/1 plants higher dicots Polygonaceae Persicaria barbata C 1/1 plants higher dicots Proteaceae Helicia recurva R 3/3 plants higher dicots Proteaceae Lasjia whelanii C 2/2 plants higher dicots Proteaceae Grevillea glauca bushy's clothes peg C 1/1 plants higher dicots Proteaceae Grevillea baileyana C 1/1 plants higher dicots Proteaceae Helicia australasica C 1/1 plants higher dicots Proteaceae Grevillea parallela C 1/1 plants higher dicots Rhamnaceae Sageretia hamosa C 1/1 plants higher dicots Rhamnaceae Pomaderris tropica C 6/6

Page 11 of 16 Environmental Protection Agency Wildlife Online - Extract Date 17/11/2009 at 08:46:02 Kingdom Class Family Scientific Name Common Name I Q A Records plants higher dicots Rhamnaceae Emmenosperma alphitonioides yellow ash C 1/1 plants higher dicots Rhamnaceae Emmenosperma cunninghamii C 1/1 plants higher dicots Rhizophoraceae Carallia brachiata carallia C 2/2 plants higher dicots Rubiaceae Psychotria C 1/1 plants higher dicots Rubiaceae Opercularia C 1/1 plants higher dicots Rubiaceae Aidia racemosa C 1/1 plants higher dicots Rubiaceae Ixora baileyana C 2/2 plants higher dicots Rubiaceae Richardia scabra Y 1/1 plants higher dicots Rubiaceae Atractocarpus sessilis C 1/1 plants higher dicots Rubiaceae Psychotria submontana C 3/3 plants higher dicots Rubiaceae Opercularia diphylla C 1/1 plants higher dicots Rubiaceae Atractocarpus hirtus C 1/1 plants higher dicots Rubiaceae Mitracarpus hirtus Y 3/3 plants higher dicots Rubiaceae Spermacoce remota Y 1/1 plants higher dicots Rubiaceae Spermacoce exilis Y 1/1 plants higher dicots Rubiaceae Neonauclea glabra C 2/2 plants higher dicots Rubiaceae Morinda umbellata C 1/1 plants higher dicots Rubiaceae Psychotria sp. (Utchee Creek H.Flecker NQNC5313) C 1/1 plants higher dicots Rubiaceae Atractocarpus fitzalanii subsp. fitzalanii C 1/1 plants higher dicots Rubiaceae Psychotria sp. (Danbulla S.T.Blake 15262) C 2/2 plants higher dicots Rubiaceae Atractocarpus fitzalanii subsp. tenuipes C 3/3 plants higher dicots Rubiaceae Tarenna dallachiana subsp. dallachiana C 1/1 plants higher dicots Rubiaceae Oldenlandia corymbosa var. corymbosa Y 1/1 plants higher dicots Rubiaceae Cyclophyllum multiflorum C 3/3 plants higher dicots Rubiaceae Psychotria dallachiana C 1/1 plants higher dicots Rubiaceae Ixora timorensis C 1/1 plants higher dicots Rutaceae Halfordia kendack saffron heart C 1/1 plants higher dicots Rutaceae Micromelum minutum clusterberry C 1/1 plants higher dicots Rutaceae Geijera salicifolia brush wilga C 1/1 plants higher dicots Rutaceae Melicope vitiflora northern evodia C 1/1 plants higher dicots Rutaceae Melicope bonwickii C 1/1 plants higher dicots Rutaceae Zieria robertsiorum C 3/3 plants higher dicots Rutaceae Flindersia schottiana bumpy ash C 1/1 plants higher dicots Rutaceae Zieria minutiflora subsp. trichocarpa C 2/2 plants higher dicots Rutaceae Acronychia chooreechillum C 2/2 plants higher dicots Rutaceae Pitaviaster haplophyllus C 1/1 plants higher dicots Rutaceae Melicope broadbentiana C 1/1 plants higher dicots Rutaceae Acronychia imperforata beach acronychia C 1/1 plants higher dicots Rutaceae Glycosmis trifoliata C 2/2 plants higher dicots Sapindaceae Harpullia pendula C 2/2 plants higher dicots Sapindaceae Alectryon tomentosus C 1/1 plants higher dicots Sapindaceae Arytera pauciflora C 1/1 plants higher dicots Sapindaceae Harpullia rhyticarpa C 1/1 plants higher dicots Sapindaceae Alectryon semicinereus R 1/1 plants higher dicots Sapindaceae Mischocarpus exangulatus C 1/1 plants higher dicots Sapindaceae Diploglottis harpullioides R 2/2

Page 12 of 16 Environmental Protection Agency Wildlife Online - Extract Date 17/11/2009 at 08:46:02 Kingdom Class Family Scientific Name Common Name I Q A Records plants higher dicots Sapindaceae Cardiospermum halicacabum var. halicacabum Y 2/2 plants higher dicots Sapindaceae Jagera pseudorhus var. pseudorhus C 2/2 plants higher dicots Sapindaceae Diploglottis diphyllostegia C 3/3 plants higher dicots Sapindaceae Rhysotoechia robertsonii C 1/1 plants higher dicots Sapindaceae Mischocarpus stipitatus C 1/1 plants higher dicots Sapindaceae Cupaniopsis foveolata narrow-leaved tuckeroo C 1/1 plants higher dicots Sapotaceae Pouteria xerocarpa C 2/2 plants higher dicots Sapotaceae Niemeyera prunifera C 1/1 plants higher dicots Sapotaceae Planchonella myrsinodendron C 1/1 plants higher dicots Sapotaceae Vanroyena castanosperma C 1/1 plants higher dicots Sapotaceae Planchonella euphlebia C 1/1 plants higher dicots Sapotaceae Palaquium galactoxylon C 1/1 plants higher dicots Scrophulariaceae Lindernia crustacea C 1/1 plants higher dicots Solanaceae Solanum torvum devil's fig Y 1/1 plants higher dicots Solanaceae Solanum macoorai C 2/2 plants higher dicots Solanaceae Solanum mauritianum wild tobacco Y 1/1 plants higher dicots Solanaceae Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum Y 1/1 plants higher dicots Solanaceae Solanum seaforthianum Brazilian nightshade Y 1/1 plants higher dicots Solanaceae Solanum viridifolium C 1/1 plants higher dicots Solanaceae Brugmansia x candida Angel's trumper Y 1/1 plants higher dicots Solanaceae Solanum magnifolium C 1/1 plants higher dicots Sparrmanniaceae Triumfetta rhomboidea chinese burr Y 1/1 plants higher dicots Stackhousiaceae Stackhousia intermedia C 1/1 plants higher dicots Stylidiaceae Stylidium confertum C 1/1 plants higher dicots Surianaceae Guilfoylia monostylis guilfoylia C 1/1 plants higher dicots Thymelaeaceae Phaleria octandra phaleria C 1/1 plants higher dicots Vitaceae Vitaceae C 1/1 plants higher dicots Vitaceae Tetrastigma nitens shining grape C 1/1 plants higher dicots Vitaceae Tetrastigma thorsborneorum C 1/1 plants higher dicots Vitaceae Cayratia japonica C 1/1 plants higher dicots Vitaceae Cissus adnata C 1/1 plants liverworts Aneuraceae Riccardia babindae C 1/1 plants liverworts Aneuraceae Riccardia bipinnatifida C 2/2 plants liverworts Aneuraceae Riccardia graeffei C 6/6 plants lower dicots Annonaceae Polyalthia C 1/1 plants lower dicots Annonaceae Annona glabra Y 1/1 plants lower dicots Annonaceae Cananga odorata Ylang-ylang C 1/1 plants lower dicots Annonaceae Polyalthia patinata R 2/2 plants lower dicots Annonaceae Polyalthia nitidissima polyalthia C 3/3 plants lower dicots Annonaceae Haplostichanthus rufescens C 2/2 plants lower dicots Annonaceae Pseuduvaria mulgraveana var. mulgraveana R 3/3 plants lower dicots Annonaceae Haplostichanthus johnsonii C 9/9 plants lower dicots Annonaceae Polyalthia australis C 3/3 plants lower dicots Eupomatiaceae Eupomatia barbata C 2/2 plants lower dicots Eupomatiaceae Eupomatia laurina bolwarra C 2/2 plants lower dicots Lauraceae Litsea C 1/1

Page 13 of 16 Environmental Protection Agency Wildlife Online - Extract Date 17/11/2009 at 08:46:02 Kingdom Class Family Scientific Name Common Name I Q A Records plants lower dicots Lauraceae Cryptocarya murrayi Murray's laurel C 1/1 plants lower dicots Lauraceae Cryptocarya laevigata C 1/1 plants lower dicots Lauraceae Cryptocarya hypospodia north Queensland purple laurel C 2/2 plants lower dicots Lauraceae Cryptocarya rhodosperma C 4/4 plants lower dicots Lauraceae Beilschmiedia obtusifolia hard bolly gum C 2/2 plants lower dicots Lauraceae Cryptocarya triplinervis var. riparia C 3/3 plants lower dicots Lauraceae Cryptocarya bellendenkerana C 2/2 plants lower dicots Lauraceae Endiandra longipedicellata C 1/1 plants lower dicots Lauraceae Cryptocarya clarksoniana C 3/3 plants lower dicots Lauraceae Endiandra palmerstonii Queensland walnut C 2/2 plants lower dicots Lauraceae Lindera queenslandica C 3/3 plants lower dicots Lauraceae Endiandra sankeyana Sankey's walnut C 1/1 plants lower dicots Lauraceae Litsea fawcettiana C 1/1 plants lower dicots Lauraceae Endiandra montana C 2/2 plants lower dicots Lauraceae Neolitsea brassii C 1/1 plants lower dicots Menispermaceae Pachygone ovata C 1/1 plants lower dicots Menispermaceae Hypserpa decumbens C 1/1 plants lower dicots Menispermaceae Pycnarrhena novoguineensis C 3/3 plants lower dicots Menispermaceae Stephania japonica var. japonica C 1/1 plants lower dicots Menispermaceae Stephania tuberosa C 3/3 plants lower dicots Menispermaceae Carronia protensa C 2/2 plants lower dicots Monimiaceae Wilkiea longipes C 1/1 plants lower dicots Monimiaceae Wilkiea pubescens C 1/1 plants lower dicots Monimiaceae Wilkiea angustifolia C 1/1 plants lower dicots Myristicaceae Myristica globosa subsp. muelleri native nugmeg C 1/1 plants lower dicots Papaveraceae Argemone ochroleuca subsp. ochroleuca mexican poppy Y 1/1 plants lower dicots Piperaceae Piper caninum peppervine C 2/2 plants lower dicots Piperaceae Piper hederaceum var. hederaceum C 1/1 plants lower dicots Piperaceae Piper interruptum C 1/1 plants lower dicots Piperaceae Peperomia blanda var. floribunda C 1/1 plants lower dicots Winteraceae Tasmannia membranea C 2/2 plants monocots Araceae Gymnostachys anceps settler's flax C 1/1 plants monocots Araceae Rhaphidophora australasica C 1/1 plants monocots Arecaceae Calamus caryotoides fish-tail lawyer cane C 1/1 plants monocots Arecaceae Laccospadix australasica Atherton palm C 1/1 plants monocots Arecaceae Oraniopsis appendiculata C 1/1 plants monocots Arecaceae Linospadix microcarya R 2/2 plants monocots Arecaceae Linospadix palmeriana R 4/4 plants monocots Boryaceae Borya septentrionalis C 5/5 plants monocots Cyperaceae Cyperus kyllingia Y 1/1 plants monocots Cyperaceae Carex horsfieldii C 2/2 plants monocots Cyperaceae Cyperus laxus C 1/1 plants monocots Cyperaceae Cyperus compressus Y 2/2 plants monocots Cyperaceae Scleria sphacelata C 1/1 plants monocots Cyperaceae Cyperus sphacelatus Y 2/2 plants monocots Cyperaceae Rhynchospora heterochaeta C 1/1

Page 14 of 16 Environmental Protection Agency Wildlife Online - Extract Date 17/11/2009 at 08:46:02 Kingdom Class Family Scientific Name Common Name I Q A Records plants monocots Cyperaceae Tetraria capillaris C 1/1 plants monocots Cyperaceae Cyperus trinervis C 1/1 plants monocots Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea alata greater yam Y 1/1 plants monocots Laxmanniaceae Lomandra multiflora subsp. multiflora C 1/1 plants monocots Orchidaceae Liparis C 1/1 plants monocots Orchidaceae Spathoglottis paulinae R 1/1 plants monocots Orchidaceae Aphyllorchis queenslandica R 1/1 plants monocots Orchidaceae Corymborkis veratrifolia cinnamon orchid C 1/1 plants monocots Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum newportii C 1/1 plants monocots Orchidaceae Liparis bracteata C 1/1 plants monocots Orchidaceae Dendrobium fleckeri apricot orchid C 1/1 plants monocots Orchidaceae Thelymitra fragrans C 1/1 plants monocots Orchidaceae Bulbophyllum baileyi C 1/1 plants monocots Orchidaceae Apostasia wallichii C 1/1 plants monocots Pandanaceae Pandanus monticola C 1/1 plants monocots Pandanaceae Freycinetia excelsa climbing pandanus C 2/2 plants monocots Philydraceae Helmholtzia acorifolia C 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Arundo donax Y 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Melinis repens red natal grass Y 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Eleusine indica crowsfoot grass Y 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Chloris inflata purpletop chloris Y 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Sorghum bicolor forage sorghum Y 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Echinochloa polystachya cv. Amity Y 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Cymbopogon queenslandicus C 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Echinochloa dietrichiana C 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Urochloa subquadripara Y 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Pogonatherum crinitum C 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Dichanthium annulatum sheda grass Y 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Themeda quadrivalvis grader grass Y 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Sorghum arundinaceum Rhodesian Sudan grass Y 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Pennisetum purpureum elephant grass Y 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Paspalum paniculatum Russell River grass Y 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Paspalum conjugatum sourgrass Y 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Paspalidium distans shotgrass C 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Eriachne pallescens C 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Eragrostis elongata C 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Centotheca lappacea C 2/2 plants monocots Poaceae Echinochloa colona awnless barnyard grass Y 2/2 plants monocots Poaceae Aristida latifolia feathertop wiregrass C 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Panicum miliaceum millet panic Y 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Leptaspis banksii C 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Eragrostis pilosa soft lovegrass Y 1/1 plants monocots Poaceae Themeda triandra kangaroo grass C 1/1 plants monocots Pontederiaceae Monochoria cyanea C 1/1 plants monocots Xanthorrhoeaceae Xanthorrhoea johnsonii C 1/1 plants monocots Zingiberaceae Alpinia modesta C 1/1

Page 15 of 16 Environmental Protection Agency Wildlife Online - Extract Date 17/11/2009 at 08:46:02 Kingdom Class Family Scientific Name Common Name I Q A Records plants mosses Brachytheciaceae Rhynchostegium C 1/1 plants mosses Brachytheciaceae Platyhypnidium muelleri C 1/1 plants mosses Bryaceae Rosulabryum wightii C 1/1 plants mosses Calymperaceae Mitthyridium repens C 1/1 plants mosses Calymperaceae Mitthyridium fasciculatum C 1/1 plants mosses Calymperaceae Syrrhopodon croceus C 1/1 plants mosses Erpodiaceae Erpodium solmsiellaceum C 1/1 plants mosses Hypnaceae Ectropothecium zollingeri C 2/2 plants mosses Leucobryaceae Leucobryum sanctum C 1/1 plants mosses Neckeraceae Touwia laticostata C 1/1 plants mosses Pterobryaceae Calyptothecium C 1/1 plants spike mosses Selaginellaceae Selaginella australiensis C 1/1 plants whisk ferns Psilotaceae Psilotum nudum skeleton fork fern C 1/1 plants whisk ferns Tmesipteridaceae Tmesipteris truncata C 2/2 protists red algae Rhodophyceae Rhodymenia linearis C 1/1

CODES I - Y indicates that the taxon is introduced to Queensland and has naturalised. Q - Indicates the Queensland conservation status of each taxon under the Nature Conservation Act 1992. The codes are Presumed Extinct (PE), Endangered (E), Vulnerable (V), Rare (R), Common (C) or Not Protected ( ). A - Indicates the Australian conservation status of each taxon under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. The values of EPBC are Conservation Dependent (CD), Critically Endangered (CE), Endangered (E), Extinct (EX), Extinct in the Wild (XW) and Vulnerable (V). Records – The first number indicates the total number of records of the taxon for the record option selected (i.e. All, Confirmed or Specimens). This number is output as 99999 if it equals or exceeds this value. The second number located after the / indicates the number of specimen records for the taxon. This number is output as 999 if it equals or exceeds this value.

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Protected Matters Search Tool

You are here: DEH Home > EPBC Act > Search EPBC Act Protected Matters 4 July 2006 13:29 Report This report provides general guidance on matters of national environmental significance and other matters protected by the EPBC Act in the area you have selected. Information on the coverage of this report and qualifications on data supporting this report are contained in the caveat at the end of the report.

You may wish to print this report for reference before moving to other pages or websites.

The Australian Natural Resources Atlas at http://www.environment.gov.au/atlas may provide further environmental information relevant to your selected area. Information about the EPBC Act including significance guidelines, forms and application process details can be found at http://www.deh.gov.au/epbc/assessmentsapprovals/index.html

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Search Type: Area Buffer: 5 km Coordinates: -17.23333,145.95, -17.23333,145.9166, -17.03333,145.75, -17.03333,145.8333

Report Contents: Summary Details z Matters of NES z Other matters protected by the EPBC Act z Extra Information Caveat Acknowledgments

Summary

Matters of National Environmental Significance This part of the report summarises the matters of national environmental significance that may occur in, or may relate to, the area you nominated. Further information is available in the detail part of the report, which can be accessed by scrolling or following the links below. If you are proposing to undertake an activity that may have a significant impact on one or more matters of national environmental significance then you should consider the Administrative Guidelines on Significance - see http://www.deh.gov.au/epbc/assessmentsapprovals/guidelines/index.html. World Heritage Properties: 2

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National Heritage Places: None Wetlands of International Significance: None (Ramsar Sites) Commonwealth Marine Areas: Relevant Threatened Ecological Communities: 1 Threatened Species: 45 Migratory Species: 26

Other Matters Protected by the EPBC Act

This part of the report summarises other matters protected under the Act that may relate to the area you nominated. Approval may be required for a proposed activity that significantly affects the environment on Commonwealth land, when the action is outside the Commonwealth land, or the environment anywhere when the action is taken on Commonwealth land. Approval may also be required for the Commonwealth or Commonwealth agencies proposing to take an action that is likely to have a significant impact on the environment anywhere.

The EPBC Act protects the environment on Commonwealth land, the environment from the actions taken on Commonwealth land, and the environment from actions taken by Commonwealth agencies. As heritage values of a place are part of the 'environment', these aspects of the EPBC Act protect the Commonwealth Heritage values of a Commonwealth Heritage place and the heritage values of a place on the Register of the National Estate. Information on the new heritage laws can be found at http://www.deh.gov.au/heritage/index.html.

Please note that the current dataset on Commonwealth land is not complete. Further information on Commonwealth land would need to be obtained from relevant sources including Commonwealth agencies, local agencies, and land tenure maps.

A permit may be required for activities in or on a Commonwealth area that may affect a member of a listed threatened species or ecological community, a member of a listed migratory species, whales and other cetaceans, or a member of a listed marine species. Information on EPBC Act permit requirements and application forms can be found at http://www.deh.gov.au/epbc/permits/index.html. Commonwealth Lands: 1 Commonwealth Heritage Places: None Places on the RNE: 9 Listed Marine Species: 84 Whales and Other Cetaceans: 12 Critical Habitats: None Commonwealth Reserves: None

Extra Information

This part of the report provides information that may also be relevant to the area you have nominated.

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State and Territory Reserves: 6 Other Commonwealth Reserves: 1 Regional Forest Agreements: None

Details

Matters of National Environmental Significance

World Heritage Properties [ Dataset Information ] Great Barrier Reef QLD Wet Tropics of Queensland QLD Commonwealth Marine Areas [ Dataset Information ] Approval may be required for a proposed activity that is likely to have a significant impact on the environment in a Commonwealth Marine Area, when the action is outside the Commonwealth Marine Area, or the environment anywhere when the action is taken within the Commonwealth Marine Area. Generally the Commonwealth Marine Area stretches from three nautical miles to two hundred nautical miles from the coast. Within 3 Nautical Mile Limit Threatened Ecological Communities [ Dataset Status Type of Presence Information ] Mabi Forest (Complex Notophyll Vine Forest Critically Community known to occur within 5b) Endangered area Threatened Species [ Dataset Information ] Status Type of Presence Birds Casuarius casuarius johnsonii* Endangered Species or species habitat known to Southern Cassowary (Australian) occur within area Erythrotriorchis radiatus * Vulnerable Species or species habitat likely to Red Goshawk occur within area Rostratula australis * Vulnerable Species or species habitat may occur Australian Painted Snipe within area Frogs Litoria nannotis * Endangered Species or species habitat may occur Waterfall Frog, Torrent Tree Frog within area Litoria nyakalensis * Endangered Species or species habitat likely to Mountain Mistfrog occur within area Litoria rheocola * Endangered Species or species habitat may occur Common Mistfrog within area Nyctimystes dayi * Endangered Species or species habitat may occur Lace-eyed Tree Frog, Australian Lacelid within area Taudactylus acutirostris * Extinct Species or species habitat likely to Sharp-snouted Day Frog, Sharp-snouted occur within area Torrent Frog

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Mammals Balaenoptera musculus * Endangered Species or species habitat may occur Blue Whale within area Dasyurus hallucatus * Endangered Species or species habitat may occur Northern Quoll within area Dasyurus maculatus gracilis* Endangered Species or species habitat likely to Spotted-tailed Quoll or Yarri (North occur within area Queensland subspecies) Hipposideros semoni * Endangered Species or species habitat may occur Semon's Leaf-nosed Bat, Greater Wart-nosed within area Horseshoe-bat Megaptera novaeangliae * Vulnerable Breeding known to occur within area Humpback Whale Pteropus conspicillatus * Vulnerable Species or species habitat may occur Spectacled Flying-fox within area Rhinolophus philippinensis (large form) * Endangered Species or species habitat may occur Greater Large-eared Horseshoe Bat within area Saccolaimus saccolaimus nudicluniatus* Critically Species or species habitat may occur Bare-rumped Sheathtail Bat Endangered within area Reptiles Caretta caretta * Endangered Species or species habitat may occur Loggerhead Turtle within area Chelonia mydas * Vulnerable Species or species habitat may occur Green Turtle within area Dermochelys coriacea * Vulnerable Species or species habitat may occur Leathery Turtle, Leatherback Turtle, Luth within area Eretmochelys imbricata * Vulnerable Species or species habitat may occur Hawksbill Turtle within area Lepidochelys olivacea * Endangered Species or species habitat may occur Pacific Ridley, Olive Ridley within area Natator depressus * Vulnerable Species or species habitat may occur Flatback Turtle within area Sharks Rhincodon typus * Vulnerable Species or species habitat may occur Whale Shark within area Plants Actephila foetida * Vulnerable Species or species habitat likely to occur within area Arenga australasica * Vulnerable Species or species habitat likely to Australian Arenga Palm occur within area Canarium acutifolium var. acutifolium* Vulnerable Species or species habitat likely to occur within area Carronia pedicellata * Endangered Species or species habitat likely to occur within area

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Dendrobium mirbelianum * Endangered Species or species habitat likely to dendrobium orchid occur within area Dendrobium nindii * Endangered Species or species habitat likely to occur within area Dendrobium superbiens * Vulnerable Species or species habitat likely to occur within area Diplazium cordifolium * Vulnerable Species or species habitat likely to occur within area Diplazium pallidum * Endangered Species or species habitat likely to occur within area Eleocharis retroflexa * Vulnerable Species or species habitat likely to occur within area Hodgkinsonia frutescens * Vulnerable Species or species habitat likely to Atherton Turkey Bush occur within area Huperzia filiformis * Endangered Species or species habitat likely to Rat's Tail Tassel-fern occur within area Huperzia lockyeri * Vulnerable Species or species habitat likely to occur within area Huperzia marsupiiformis * Vulnerable Species or species habitat likely to Water Tassel-fern occur within area Huperzia phlegmarioides * Vulnerable Species or species habitat likely to Layered Tassel-fern occur within area Huperzia prolifera * Vulnerable Species or species habitat likely to Square Tassel-fern occur within area Myrmecodia beccarii * Vulnerable Species or species habitat likely to occur within area Phalaenopsis rosenstromii * Endangered Species or species habitat likely to occur within area Plectranthus gratus * Vulnerable Species or species habitat likely to occur within area Polyscias bellendenkerensis * Vulnerable Species or species habitat likely to occur within area Tylophora rupicola * Endangered Species or species habitat likely to occur within area Zeuxine polygonoides * Vulnerable Species or species habitat likely to occur within area Migratory Species [ Dataset Information ] Status Type of Presence Migratory Terrestrial Species Birds Haliaeetus leucogaster Migratory Species or species habitat likely to White-bellied Sea-Eagle occur within area Hirundapus caudacutus Migratory Species or species habitat may occur White-throated Needletail within area Hirundo rustica Migratory Species or species habitat may occur

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Barn Swallow within area Monarcha melanopsis Migratory Breeding may occur within area Black-faced Monarch Monarcha trivirgatus Migratory Breeding likely to occur within area Spectacled Monarch Myiagra cyanoleuca Migratory Species or species habitat likely to Satin Flycatcher occur within area Rhipidura rufifrons Migratory Breeding may occur within area Rufous Fantail Migratory Wetland Species Birds Gallinago hardwickii Migratory Species or species habitat may occur Latham's Snipe, Japanese Snipe within area Nettapus coromandelianus albipennis Migratory Species or species habitat may occur Australian Cotton Pygmy-goose within area Numenius minutus Migratory Species or species habitat may occur Little Curlew, Little Whimbrel within area Rostratula benghalensis s. lat. Migratory Species or species habitat may occur Painted Snipe within area Migratory Marine Species Mammals Balaenoptera edeni Migratory Species or species habitat may occur Bryde's Whale within area Balaenoptera musculus * Migratory Species or species habitat may occur Blue Whale within area Dugong dugon Migratory Species or species habitat likely to Dugong occur within area Megaptera novaeangliae * Migratory Breeding known to occur within area Humpback Whale Orcaella brevirostris Migratory Species or species habitat may occur Irrawaddy Dolphin within area Orcinus orca Migratory Species or species habitat may occur Killer Whale, Orca within area Sousa chinensis Migratory Species or species habitat may occur Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphin within area Reptiles Caretta caretta * Migratory Species or species habitat may occur Loggerhead Turtle within area Chelonia mydas * Migratory Species or species habitat may occur Green Turtle within area Crocodylus porosus Migratory Species or species habitat likely to Estuarine Crocodile, Salt-water Crocodile occur within area Dermochelys coriacea * Migratory Species or species habitat may occur

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Leathery Turtle, Leatherback Turtle, Luth within area Eretmochelys imbricata * Migratory Species or species habitat may occur Hawksbill Turtle within area Lepidochelys olivacea * Migratory Species or species habitat may occur Pacific Ridley, Olive Ridley within area Natator depressus * Migratory Species or species habitat may occur Flatback Turtle within area Sharks Rhincodon typus Migratory Species or species habitat may occur Whale Shark within area

Other Matters Protected by the EPBC Act

Listed Marine Species [ Dataset Information ] Status Type of Presence Birds Anseranas semipalmata Listed - Species or species habitat may occur Magpie Goose overfly within area marine area Apus pacificus Listed - Species or species habitat may occur Fork-tailed Swift overfly within area marine area Ardea alba Listed - Species or species habitat may occur Great Egret, White Egret overfly within area marine area Ardea ibis Listed - Species or species habitat may occur Cattle Egret overfly within area marine area Gallinago hardwickii Listed - Species or species habitat may occur Latham's Snipe, Japanese Snipe overfly within area marine area Haliaeetus leucogaster Listed Species or species habitat likely to White-bellied Sea-Eagle occur within area Hirundapus caudacutus Listed - Species or species habitat may occur White-throated Needletail overfly within area marine area Hirundo rustica Listed - Species or species habitat may occur Barn Swallow overfly within area marine area Merops ornatus Listed - Species or species habitat may occur

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Rainbow Bee-eater overfly within area marine area Monarcha melanopsis Listed - Breeding may occur within area Black-faced Monarch overfly marine area Monarcha trivirgatus Listed - Breeding likely to occur within area Spectacled Monarch overfly marine area Myiagra cyanoleuca Listed - Species or species habitat likely to Satin Flycatcher overfly occur within area marine area Nettapus coromandelianus albipennis Listed - Species or species habitat may occur Australian Cotton Pygmy-goose overfly within area marine area Numenius minutus Listed - Species or species habitat may occur Little Curlew, Little Whimbrel overfly within area marine area Rhipidura rufifrons Listed - Breeding may occur within area Rufous Fantail overfly marine area Rostratula benghalensis s. lat. Listed - Species or species habitat may occur Painted Snipe overfly within area marine area Sterna albifrons Listed Species or species habitat may occur Little Tern within area Mammals Dugong dugon Listed Species or species habitat likely to Dugong occur within area Ray-finned fishes Acentronura tentaculata Listed Species or species habitat may occur Hairy Pygmy Pipehorse within area Bulbonaricus davaoensis Listed Species or species habitat may occur Davao Pughead Pipefish within area Choeroichthys brachysoma Listed Species or species habitat may occur Pacific Short-bodied Pipefish, Short-bodied within area Pipefish Choeroichthys sculptus Listed Species or species habitat may occur Sculptured Pipefish within area Choeroichthys suillus Listed Species or species habitat may occur

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Pig-snouted Pipefish within area Corythoichthys amplexus Listed Species or species habitat may occur Fijian Banded Pipefish, Brown-banded Pipefish within area Corythoichthys flavofasciatus Listed Species or species habitat may occur Yellow-banded Pipefish, Network Pipefish within area Corythoichthys intestinalis Listed Species or species habitat may occur Australian Messmate Pipefish, Banded Pipefish within area Corythoichthys ocellatus Listed Species or species habitat may occur Orange-spotted Pipefish, Ocellated Pipefish within area Corythoichthys paxtoni Listed Species or species habitat may occur Paxton's Pipefish within area Corythoichthys schultzi Listed Species or species habitat may occur Schultz's Pipefish within area Cosmocampus maxweberi Listed Species or species habitat may occur Maxweber's Pipefish within area Doryrhamphus dactyliophorus Listed Species or species habitat may occur Ringed Pipefish within area Doryrhamphus excisus Listed Species or species habitat may occur Indian Blue-stripe Pipefish, Blue-stripe Pipefish within area Doryrhamphus janssi Listed Species or species habitat may occur Cleaner Pipefish, Janss' Pipefish within area Festucalex cinctus Listed Species or species habitat may occur Girdled Pipefish within area Festucalex gibbsi Listed Species or species habitat may occur Gibbs' Pipefish within area Halicampus dunckeri Listed Species or species habitat may occur Red-hair Pipefish, Duncker's Pipefish within area Halicampus grayi Listed Species or species habitat may occur Mud Pipefish, Gray's Pipefish within area Halicampus macrorhynchus Listed Species or species habitat may occur Whiskered Pipefish, Ornate Pipefish within area Halicampus mataafae Listed Species or species habitat may occur Samoan Pipefish within area Halicampus nitidus Listed Species or species habitat may occur Glittering Pipefish within area Halicampus spinirostris Listed Species or species habitat may occur Spiny-snout Pipefish within area Hippichthys cyanospilos Listed Species or species habitat may occur Blue-speckled Pipefish, Blue-spotted Pipefish within area Hippichthys heptagonus Listed Species or species habitat may occur Madura Pipefish, Reticulated Freshwater within area Pipefish Hippichthys penicillus Listed Species or species habitat may occur Beady Pipefish, Steep-nosed Pipefish within area

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Hippichthys spicifer Listed Species or species habitat may occur Belly-barred Pipefish, Banded Freshwater within area Pipefish Hippocampus bargibanti Listed Species or species habitat may occur Pygmy Seahorse within area Hippocampus histrix Listed Species or species habitat may occur Spiny Seahorse within area Hippocampus kuda Listed Species or species habitat may occur Spotted Seahorse, Yellow Seahorse within area Hippocampus planifrons Listed Species or species habitat may occur Flat-face Seahorse within area Hippocampus zebra Listed Species or species habitat may occur Zebra Seahorse within area Micrognathus andersonii Listed Species or species habitat may occur Anderson's Pipefish, Shortnose Pipefish within area Micrognathus brevirostris Listed Species or species habitat may occur Thorn-tailed Pipefish within area Microphis brachyurus Listed Species or species habitat may occur Short-tailed Pipefish, Short-tailed River Pipefish within area Nannocampus pictus Listed Species or species habitat may occur Painted Pipefish, Reef Pipefish within area Phoxocampus diacanthus Listed Species or species habitat may occur Pale-blotched Pipefish, Spined Pipefish within area Siokunichthys breviceps Listed Species or species habitat may occur Soft-coral Pipefish within area Solegnathus hardwickii Listed Species or species habitat may occur Pipehorse within area Solenostomus cyanopterus Listed Species or species habitat may occur Blue-finned Ghost Pipefish, Robust Ghost within area Pipefish Solenostomus paradoxus Listed Species or species habitat may occur Harlequin Ghost Pipefish, Ornate Ghost Pipefish within area Syngnathoides biaculeatus Listed Species or species habitat may occur Double-ended Pipehorse, Alligator Pipefish within area Trachyrhamphus bicoarctatus Listed Species or species habitat may occur Bend Stick Pipefish, Short-tailed Pipefish within area Trachyrhamphus longirostris Listed Species or species habitat may occur Long-nosed Pipefish, Straight Stick Pipefish within area Reptiles Acalyptophis peronii Listed Species or species habitat may occur Horned Seasnake within area Aipysurus duboisii Listed Species or species habitat may occur Dubois' Seasnake within area Aipysurus eydouxii Listed Species or species habitat may occur Spine-tailed Seasnake within area

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Aipysurus laevis Listed Species or species habitat may occur Olive Seasnake within area Astrotia stokesii Listed Species or species habitat may occur Stokes' Seasnake within area Caretta caretta * Listed Species or species habitat may occur Loggerhead Turtle within area Chelonia mydas * Listed Species or species habitat may occur Green Turtle within area Crocodylus porosus Listed Species or species habitat likely to Estuarine Crocodile, Salt-water Crocodile occur within area Dermochelys coriacea * Listed Species or species habitat may occur Leathery Turtle, Leatherback Turtle, Luth within area Disteira kingii Listed Species or species habitat may occur Spectacled Seasnake within area Disteira major Listed Species or species habitat may occur Olive-headed Seasnake within area Enhydrina schistosa Listed Species or species habitat may occur Beaked Seasnake within area Eretmochelys imbricata * Listed Species or species habitat may occur Hawksbill Turtle within area Hydrophis elegans Listed Species or species habitat may occur Elegant Seasnake within area Hydrophis mcdowelli Listed Species or species habitat may occur within area Hydrophis ornatus Listed Species or species habitat may occur a seasnake within area Lapemis hardwickii Listed Species or species habitat may occur Spine-bellied Seasnake within area Laticauda colubrina Listed Species or species habitat may occur a sea krait within area Laticauda laticaudata Listed Species or species habitat may occur a sea krait within area Lepidochelys olivacea * Listed Species or species habitat may occur Pacific Ridley, Olive Ridley within area Natator depressus * Listed Species or species habitat may occur Flatback Turtle within area Pelamis platurus Listed Species or species habitat may occur Yellow-bellied Seasnake within area Whales and Other Cetaceans [ Dataset Status Type of Presence Information ] Balaenoptera acutorostrata Cetacean Species or species habitat may occur Minke Whale within area Balaenoptera edeni Cetacean Species or species habitat may occur Bryde's Whale within area

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Balaenoptera musculus * Cetacean Species or species habitat may occur Blue Whale within area Delphinus delphis Cetacean Species or species habitat may occur Common Dolphin within area Grampus griseus Cetacean Species or species habitat may occur Risso's Dolphin, Grampus within area Megaptera novaeangliae * Cetacean Breeding known to occur within area Humpback Whale Orcaella brevirostris Cetacean Species or species habitat may occur Irrawaddy Dolphin within area Orcinus orca Cetacean Species or species habitat may occur Killer Whale, Orca within area Sousa chinensis Cetacean Species or species habitat may occur Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphin within area Stenella attenuata Cetacean Species or species habitat may occur Spotted Dolphin, Pantropical Spotted Dolphin within area Tursiops aduncus Cetacean Species or species habitat likely to Spotted Bottlenose Dolphin occur within area Tursiops truncatus s. str. Cetacean Species or species habitat may occur Bottlenose Dolphin within area Commonwealth Lands [ Dataset Information ]

Places on the RNE [ Dataset Information ] Note that not all Indigenous sites may be listed. Natural Bellenden Ker National Parks (former) QLD Cairns Tidal Wetlands QLD Cairns Tidal Wetlands Redefined Area #2 QLD Deeral Landing Environmental Park QLD Great Barrier Reef Region QLD Grey Peaks National Park QLD Malbon / Thompson Range Area QLD Mutchero Inlet National Park (former) QLD Russell River National Park (1978 boundary) QLD

Extra Information

State and Territory Reserves [ Dataset Information ] Cairns Marine Park, QLD Grey Peaks National Park, QLD Russell River National Park, QLD

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Trinity Inlet Fish Habitat Area, QLD Trinity Inlet/Marlin Coast Marine Park, QLD Wooroonooran National Park, QLD Other Commonwealth Reserves [ Dataset Information ] Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, COM

Caveat

The information presented in this report has been provided by a range of data sources as acknowledged at the end of the report.

This report is designed to assist in identifying the locations of places which may be relevant in determining obligations under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. It holds mapped locations of World Heritage and Register of National Estate properties, Wetlands of International Importance, Commonwealth and State/Territory reserves, listed threatened, migratory and marine species and listed threatened ecological communities. Mapping of Commonwealth land is not complete at this stage. Maps have been collated from a range of sources at various resolutions.

Not all species listed under the EPBC Act have been mapped (see below) and therefore a report is a general guide only. Where available data supports mapping, the type of presence that can be determined from the data is indicated in general terms. People using this information in making a referral may need to consider the qualifications below and may need to seek and consider other information sources.

For threatened ecological communities where the distribution is well known, maps are derived from recovery plans, State vegetation maps, remote sensing imagery and other sources. Where threatened ecological community distributions are less well known, existing vegetation maps and point location data are used to produce indicative distribution maps.

For species where the distributions are well known, maps are digitised from sources such as recovery plans and detailed habitat studies. Where appropriate, core breeding, foraging and roosting areas are indicated under "type of presence". For species whose distributions are less well known, point locations are collated from government wildlife authorities, museums, and non-government organisations; bioclimatic distribution models are generated and these validated by experts. In some cases, the distribution maps are based solely on expert knowledge.

Only selected species covered by the migratory and marine provisions of the Act have been mapped.

The following species and ecological communities have not been mapped and do not appear in reports produced from this database:

z threatened species listed as extinct or considered as vagrants z some species and ecological communities that have only recently been listed z some terrestrial species that overfly the Commonwealth marine area z migratory species that are very widespread, vagrant, or only occur in small numbers.

The following groups have been mapped, but may not cover the complete distribution of the species:

z non-threatened seabirds which have only been mapped for recorded breeding sites;

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z seals which have only been mapped for breeding sites near the Australian continent.

Such breeding sites may be important for the protection of the Commonwealth Marine environment.

Acknowledgments

This database has been compiled from a range of data sources. Environment Australia acknowledges the following custodians who have contributed valuable data and advice:

z New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service z Department of Sustainability and Environment, Victoria z Department of Primary Industries, Water and Environment, Tasmania z Department of Environment and Heritage, South Australia Planning SA z Parks and Wildlife Commission of the Northern Territory z Environmental Protection Agency, Queensland z Birds Australia z Australian Bird and Bat Banding Scheme z Australian National Wildlife Collection z Natural history museums of Australia z Queensland Herbarium z National Herbarium of NSW z Royal Botanic Gardens and National Herbarium of Victoria z Tasmanian Herbarium z State Herbarium of South Australia z Northern Territory Herbarium z Western Australian Herbarium z Australian National Herbarium, Atherton and Canberra z University of New England z Other groups and individuals

ANUCLIM Version 1.8, Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies, Australian National University was used extensively for the production of draft maps of species distribution. Environment Australia is extremely grateful to the many organisations and individuals who provided expert advice and information on numerous draft distributions.

Last updated:

Department of the Environment and Heritage GPO Box 787 Canberra ACT 2601 Australia Telephone: +61 (0)2 6274 1111

file://G:\42\14087\Searches\CA4DQR45 EPBC REPORT.htm 16/11/2009 MULGFISH.TXT "Anguillidae"|"Anguilla"|"obscura"|"Behana Creek, trib Mulgrave River"|17.08|145.5|10/08/1994|29/09/1994 "Anguillidae"|"Anguilla"|"obscura"|"Behana Creek, trib Mulgrave River"|17.09|145.49|13/07/1994|29/09/1994 "Anguillidae"|"Anguilla"|"reinhardtii"|"Behana Creek, trib Mulgrave River"|17.08|145.5|14/07/1994|29/09/1994 "Anguillidae"|"Anguilla"|"reinhardtii"|"Wright Ck, S of Cairns"|17.03|145.46|10/05/1978|16/06/1978 "Plotosidae"|"Neosilurus"|"ater"|"Behana Creek, trib Mulgrave River"|17.08|145.5|14/07/1994|29/09/1994 "Plotosidae"|"Tandanus"|"tandanus"|"Behana Creek, trib Mulgrave River"|17.09|145.49|13/07/1994|29/09/1994 "Poeciliidae"|"Poecilia"|"reticulata"|"Behana Creek, trib Mulgrave River"|17.09|145.49|13/07/1994|29/09/1994 "Poeciliidae"|"Poecilia"|"reticulata"|"Little Mulgrave River, 8 kms W of Gordonvale"|17.09|145.45|28/11/1985|30/12/1985 "Poeciliidae"|"Poecilia"|"reticulata"|"Rusty Creek, trib Russell River"|17.1|145.53|15/03/1994|09/12/2003 "Poeciliidae"|"Xiphophorus"|"maculatus"|"Behana Creek, trib Mulgrave River"|17.08|145.5|14/07/1994|29/09/1994 "Poeciliidae"|"Xiphophorus"|"maculatus"|"Mulgrave River at Gordonvale"|17.06|145.47|22/11/1985|30/12/1985 "Poeciliidae"|"Xiphophorus"|"maculatus"|"Rusty Creek, trib Russell River"|17.1|145.53|15/03/1994|09/12/2003 "Melanotaeniidae"|"Cairnsichthys"|"rhombosomoides"|"Behana Creek, trib Mulgrave River"|17.09|145.49|13/07/1994|29/09/1994 "Melanotaeniidae"|"Cairnsichthys"|"rhombosomoides"|"Kearneys Ck, trib Mulgrave River"|17.14|145.46|14/01/1994|09/05/1995 "Melanotaeniidae"|"Melanotaenia"|"splendida splendida"|"Behana Creek, trib Mulgrave River"|17.08|145.5|14/07/1994|29/09/1994 "Melanotaeniidae"|"Melanotaenia"|"splendida splendida"|"Behana Creek, trib Mulgrave River"|17.08|145.5|16/08/1994|29/09/1994 "Melanotaeniidae"|"Melanotaenia"|"splendida splendida"|"Little Mulgrave River, 8 kms W of Gordonvale"|17.09|145.45|28/11/1985|30/12/1985 "Melanotaeniidae"|"Melanotaenia"|"splendida splendida"|"Wright Ck, S of Cairns"|17.03|145.46|10/05/1978|16/06/1978 "Melanotaeniidae"|"Pseudomugil"|"gertrudae"|"Behana Creek, trib Mulgrave River"|17.08|145.5|14/07/1994|29/09/1994 "Melanotaeniidae"|"Pseudomugil"|"signifer"|"Behana Creek, trib Mulgrave River"|17.09|145.49|13/07/1994|29/09/1994 "Melanotaeniidae"|"Pseudomugil"|"signifer"|"Little Mulgrave River, 8 kms W of Gordonvale"|17.09|145.45|28/11/1985|30/12/1985 "Melanotaeniidae"|"Pseudomugil"|"signifer"|"Wright Ck, S of Cairns"|17.03|145.46|10/05/1978|16/06/1978 "Atherinidae"|"Craterocephalus"|"stercusmuscarum"|"Behana Creek, trib Mulgrave River"|17.09|145.49|14/12/1994|08/05/1995 "Atherinidae"|"Craterocephalus"|"stercusmuscarum"|"Little Mulgrave River, 8 kms W of Gordonvale"|17.09|145.45|28/11/1985|30/12/1985 "Synbranchidae"|"Ophisternon"|"sp"|"Behana Creek, trib Mulgrave River"|17.08|145.5|15/02/1994|29/09/1994 "Scorpaenidae"|"Notesthes"|"robusta"|"Behana Creek, trib Mulgrave River"|17.08|145.5|14/07/1994|29/09/1994 "Scorpaenidae"|"Notesthes"|"robusta"|"Wright Ck, S of Cairns"|17.03|145.46|10/05/1978|16/06/1978 "Ambassidae"|"Ambassis"|"agassizi"|"Wright Ck, S of Cairns"|17.03|145.46|10/05/1978|16/06/1978 "Ambassidae"|"Ambassis"|"agrammus"|"Behana Creek, trib Mulgrave River"|17.08|145.5|10/03/1994|29/09/1994 "Ambassidae"|"Ambassis"|"agrammus"|"Mulgrave River at Gordonvale"|17.06|145.47|30/11/1993|09/12/2003 "Teraponidae"|"Hephaestus"|"tulliensis"|"Behana Creek, trib Mulgrave River"|17.08|145.5|14/07/1994|29/09/1994 "Kuhliidae"|"Kuhlia"|"rupestris"|"Behana Creek, trib Mulgrave River"|17.08|145.5|14/07/1994|29/09/1994 "Apogonidae"|"Glossamia"|"aprion"|"Behana Creek, trib Mulgrave River"|17.09|145.49|13/07/1994|29/09/1994 "Apogonidae"|"Glossamia"|"aprion"|"Little Mulgrave River, 8 kms W of Gordonvale"|17.09|145.45|28/11/1985|30/12/1985 "Gobiidae"|"Awaous"|"acritosus"|"Behana Creek"|17.07|145.5|01/12/1993|09/12/2003 Page 1 MULGFISH.TXT

"Gobiidae"|"Awaous"|"acritosus"|"Behana Creek, trib Mulgrave River"|17.09|145.49|13/07/1994|29/09/1994 "Gobiidae"|"Awaous"|"acritosus"|"Fishery Ck, trib Russell R, at highway bridge"|17.11|145.53|17/12/1993|09/12/2003 "Gobiidae"|"Awaous"|"acritosus"|"Mulgrave River"|17.11|145.52|26/11/1993|09/12/2003 "Gobiidae"|"Glossogobius"|"cf celebius"|"Behana Creek, trib Mulgrave River"|17.09|145.49|13/07/1994|29/09/1994 "Gobiidae"|"Glossogobius"|"cf celebius"|"Mulgrave River"|17.08|145.52|30/11/1993|09/12/2003 "Gobiidae"|"Glossogobius"|"cf celebius"|"Mulgrave River"|17.11|145.52|26/11/1993|09/12/2003 "Gobiidae"|"Glossogobius"|"giuris"|"Wright Ck, S of Cairns"|17.03|145.46|10/05/1978|16/06/1978 "Gobiidae"|"Glossogobius"|"sp mulgrave"|"Behana Creek, trib Mulgrave River"|17.08|145.5|16/08/1994|29/09/1994 "Gobiidae"|"Glossogobius"|"sp mulgrave"|"Behana Creek, trib Mulgrave River"|17.09|145.49|13/07/1994|29/09/1994 "Gobiidae"|"Glossogobius"|"sp mulgrave"|"Kearneys Ck, trib Mulgrave River"|17.14|145.46|04/12/1994|09/05/1995 "Gobiidae"|"Redigobius"|"bikolanus"|"Behana Creek, trib Mulgrave River"|17.08|145.5|16/01/1995|08/05/1995 "Gobiidae"|"Redigobius"|"sp"|"Wright Ck, S of Cairns"|17.03|145.46|10/05/1978|14/10/1980 "Gobiidae"|"Schismatogobius"|"sp"|"Behana Creek, trib Mulgrave River"|17.09|145.49|13/07/1994|29/09/1994 "Gobiidae"|"Schismatogobius"|"sp"|"Behana Creek, trib Mulgrave River"|17.09|145.49|01/11/1996|31/01/1997 "Eleotrididae"|"Eleotris"|"fusca"|"Behana Creek, trib Mulgrave River"|17.08|145.5|16/08/1994|29/09/1994 "Eleotrididae"|"Eleotris"|"fusca"|"Mulgrave River"|17.08|145.52|30/11/1993|09/12/2003 "Eleotrididae"|"Eleotris"|"sp"|"Wright Ck, S of Cairns"|17.03|145.46|10/05/1978|16/06/1978 "Eleotrididae"|"Hypseleotris"|"compressus"|"Behana Creek, trib Mulgrave River"|17.09|145.49|13/07/1994|29/09/1994 "Eleotrididae"|"Hypseleotris"|"compressus"|"Wright Ck, S of Cairns"|17.03|145.46|10/05/1978|16/06/1978 "Eleotrididae"|"Mogurnda"|"adspersa"|"Behana Creek, trib Mulgrave River"|17.09|145.49|13/07/1994|29/09/1994 "Eleotrididae"|"Ophieleotris"|"aporos"|"Behana Creek, trib Mulgrave River"|17.09|145.49|13/07/1994|29/09/1994 "Eleotrididae"|"Oxyeleotris"|"aruensis"|"Behana Creek, trib Mulgrave River"|17.08|145.5|16/08/1994|29/09/1994 "Eleotrididae"|"Oxyeleotris"|"aruensis"|"Behana Creek, trib Mulgrave River"|17.09|145.49|14/09/1994|08/05/1995 "Eleotrididae"|"Oxyeleotris"|"aruensis"|"Behana Creek, trib Mulgrave River"|17.08|145.5|15/09/1994|08/05/1995 "Eleotrididae"|"Oxyeleotris"|"aruensis"|"Fishery Ck, trib Russell R, at highway bridge"|17.11|145.53|17/12/1993|09/12/2003

Page 2

Habitat Factors Page 1 of 2

Vegetation Management Act Essential Habitat Species Habitat Factors

Essential habitat mapping for the following species is found within an area that includes :- 1.1km surrounding and including a Lot on Plan or 2.2km around the selected coordinates.

Essential habitat is compiled from a combination of species habitat models and buffered species records. The NRMW essential habitat page has more information on how the layer is applied under the VMA Codes. Essential Habitat must include Regional Ecosystems (mandatory factor) as well as any two other factors.

Scientific Common NCA Regional Vegetation Position in Label Altitude Soils Name Name Status Ecosystems Community Landscape 1087 Casuarius Southern E 7.1.3, 7.2.1, Dense Sea casuarius Cassowary 7.2.3, 7.2.4, lowland and level to johnsonii (southern 7.2.5, 7.2.6, highland 1000m. (southern population) 7.2.11, 7.3.1, tropical population) 7.3.3, 7.3.4, rainforest, 7.3.5, 7.3.6, closed gallery 7.3.7, 7.3.8, forest, 7.3.10, 7.3.11, eucalypt forest 7.3.12, 7.3.17, with vine 7.3.23, 7.3.25, forest 7.3.36, 7.3.37, elements, 7.3.38, 7.8.1, swamp forest 7.8.2, 7.8.3, and adjacent 7.8.4, 7.8.7, melaleuca 7.8.8, 7.8.14, swamps, 7.11.1, 7.11.2, littoral scrub, 7.11.5, 7.11.6, eucalypt 7.11.7, woodland and 7.11.10, mangroves; 7.11.12, often using a 7.11.13, habitat mosai! 7.11.14, c; will cross 7.11.18, open eucalypt, 7.11.23, canefields and 7.11.24, dry ridges 7.11.25, between 7.11.28, rainforest 7.11.29, patches. 7.11.30, 7.11.34, 7.12.1, 7.12.2, 7.12.4, 7.12.5, 7.12.7, 7.12.9, 7.12.13, 7.12.14, 7.12.16, 7.12.17,

file://G:\42\14087\Searches\hab_factors.html 16/11/2009 Habitat Factors Page 2 of 2

7.12.19, 7.12.20, 7.12.39, 7.12.40, 7.12.43, 7.12.44, 7.12.47, 7.12.50, 7.12.68

file://G:\42\14087\Searches\hab_factors.html 16/11/2009 GHD 1st Floor 85 Spence Street Cairns QLD 4870 PO Box 819 Cairns QLD 4870 Australia T: 07 4044 2222 F: 07 4044 2288 E: [email protected]

© GHD 2009 This document is and shall remain the property of GHD. The document may only be used for the purpose for which it was commissioned and in accordance with the Terms of Engagement for the commission. Unauthorised use of this document in any form whatsoever is prohibited.

Document Status

Rev Reviewer Approved for Issue Author No. Name Signature Name Signature Date 0 B Hookey A Small AS John Gersekowski

42/15610/100421 Mulgrave River Aquifer Feasibility Study Flora and Fauna Report