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Carpenter 1999 EL PLESIOSAURIO DE VILLA DE LEYVA (BOYACÁ, COLOMBIA)

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Carpenter 1999 EL PLESIOSAURIO DE VILLA DE LEYVA (BOYACÁ, COLOMBIA) Boletín de Geología Vol. 23, No. 38, Enero-Junio de 2001 Callawayasaurus colombiensis (Welles) Carpenter 1999 EL PLESIOSAURIO DE VILLA DE LEYVA (BOYACÁ, COLOMBIA). ¿UN NUEVO ESPÉCIMEN? Jerez Jaimes, J. H1.; Narváez Parra, E. X1. RESUMEN En los depósitos del Cretácico (Aptiano) de Villa de Leyva se han reportado dos especies de plesiosaurios, un pliosaurio Kronosaurus boyacensis Hampe 1992, y un plesiosaurio Callawayasaurus colombiensis (Welles) Carpenter, 1999 (= Alzadasaurus colombiensis Welles, 1962). Se realiza la determinación de un espécimen de elasmosaurio encontrado por los pobladores de la zona rural de Villa de Leyva en 1999 con base en material fotográfico del mismo, siendo muy probable que corresponda a la especie Callawayasaurus colombiensis (Welles) Carpenter, 1999. Palabras Claves: Cretácico, Plesiosaurios, Villa de Leyva. ABSTRACT In the deposits of the Cretaceous (Aptian) of Villa de Leyva two plesiosaurs species have been reported, a pliosaur Kronosaurus boyacensis Hampe 1992, and a plesiosaur Callawayasaurus colombiensis (Welles) Carpenter, 1999 (= Alzadasaurus colombiensis Welles, 1962). We carried out the determination of elasmosaur specimen found by the inhabitants of the rural area of Villa de Leyva in 1999, on the basis of photographic material of it. Probably it corresponds to the Callawayasaurus colombiensis specie (Welles) Carpenter, 1999. Key Words: Cretaceous, Plesiosaurs, Villa de Leyva. 1Biólogos, Calle 10A # 24-68 Bucaramanga, Santander (Colombia). Correo electrónico: [email protected] Callawayasaurus colombiensis (Welles) Carpenter 1999 Jerez Jaimes, J. H.; Narváez Parra, E. X. EL PLESIOSAURIO DE VILLA DE LEYVA (BOYACÁ, COLOMBIA). ¿UN NUEVO ESPÉCIMEN? INTRODUCCIÓN esta localidad en depósitos del Cretácico (Aptiano), AGRADECIMIENTOS de la Formación Paja, tuvimos el privilegio de os plesiosaurios representaron un grupo observar un espécimen aparentemente completo de Este artículo está dedicado a todas las personas que importante de reptiles marinos durante la edad Elasmosaurio, gracias a la confianza que nos brindó nos brindaron su colaboración, ayuda y confianza Lde los dinosaurios, aparecieron por primera la comunidad rural. en nuestra estadía en la ciudad de Villa de Leyva en vez durante el Triásico y se extinguieron al final del 1999, en especial al Señor Antonio Montaño por la Cretácico. Su forma corporal fue muy diferente a la Se realizó un registro fotográfico de las hospitalidad ofrecida. de los ictiosaurios pero se adaptaron muy bien a la características más sobresalientes del espécimen vida en los océanos. Un grupo importante de para obtener una probable determinación, ya que no Un agradecimiento especial a Richard Forrest del plesiosaurios, conocido como los "Elasmosaurios", era posible la movilización del ejemplar para un Leicester Museum (UK) y principalmente a Mike se caracterizaron por sus colas cortas y largos cuellos. análisis más completo en el laboratorio. Everhart, curador adjunto de paleontología del A su vez, también existieron terribles depredadores Sternberg Museum of Natural History (U.S.A), por de cuello corto y de cabeza muy grande conocidos La identificación de este individuo se realizó con la analizar el material fotográfico y compartir su como Pliosaurios, de los cuales el más conocido en colaboración de los doctores Richard Forrest del conocimiento con nosotros. Colombia es el Kronosaurus boyacensis Hampe Leicester City Museum (UK) y Mike Everhart del 1992, del Aptiano Superior en el Cretácico temprano, Sternberg Museum of Natural History (U.S.A), reportado en la región de Villa de Leyva (Boyacá). quienes gentilmente hicieron esfuerzos para tratar REFERENCIAS de determinar el espécimen con base en las De acuerdo a los reportes del Museo Geológico fotografías. Carpenter, K. (1999). Revision of North American Nacional J. Royo y Gómez de INGEOMINAS, en Elasmosaurs from the Cretaceous of the Western Colombia se ha hallado dos esqueletos casi Interior, Paludicola, Vol. 2(2), pp. 148-173. completos de Elasmosaurios en los años 40s, dicha SOBRE LA CLASIFICACIÓN exploración y extracción se realizó bajo la dirección DE LOS PLESIOSAURIOS Everhart, M. J. (2000), Gastroliths associated with del Doctor R. A. Stirton con ayuda de personal local plesiosaur remains in the Sharon Springs Member de Villa de Leyva. Estos ejemplares se encuentran Al igual que en la mayoría de los grupos de of the Pierre Shale (late Cretaceous), Western en Berkeley (California, U.S.A), y la réplica de uno invertebrados fósiles, la clasificación de los Kansas. Kansas Acad. Sci. Trans. Vol. 103(1-2), pp. de ellos está en exhibición en el Museo Geológico plesiosaurios es muy controversial, debido 58-69. Nacional anteriormente mencionado. básicamente a que gran parte de los especímenes que se conservan no se encuentran completos o en un Hampe, O. (1992). Ein grosswuechsiger Pliosauridae En este artículo se intenta realizar la identificación estado óptimo para análisis complejos, lo que hace (reptilia: Plesiosauria) aus der Unterkreide (oberes de un espécimen descubierto por los pobladores del las determinaciones bastante difíciles y dudosas. Aptium) von Kolumbien. Courier Forschungsinstitut área rural de Villa de Leyva (Boyacá), además de Senckenberg, Vol. 145, pp. 1-32. brindar información sobre el estado del Los requerimientos mínimos para diagnosticar un conocimiento de los plesiosaurios en general. espécimen incluyen las mejores partes de la columna Sato, T y Tanabe, K. (1998). Cretaceous Plesiosaurs vertebral, el péctrum, el húmero y la pelvis. El fémur ate ammonites. Nature, Vol. 394, pp. 629 - 630. es muy conveniente pero no necesario para la METODOLOGÍA diagnosis. Eventualmente con especímenes más Welles, S. P. (1962). A new species of elasmosaur completos siempre surgirán preguntas sobre la from the Aptian of Columbia, and a review of the Durante la práctica de campo realizada en el año de identificación, de la misma forma que se incrementa Cretaceous plesiosaurs. University of California 1999 con estudiantes de las asignaturas de nuestro conocimiento. Así lo hará la complejidad Publications in Geological Sciences Vol. 46, pp.1-96. Paleontología y Sedimentología de la Escuela de de las interrelaciones de los caracteres morfológicos. Geología de la Universidad Industrial de Santander, Las preguntas de la identificación y la diagnosis son bajo la dirección del profesor Luis Enrique Cruz siempre relativas a la cantidad de conocimiento que Trabajo recibido: mayo 23 de 2001 Guevara, fue posible visitar el municipio de Villa de corresponde al número de caracteres morfológicos Trabajo aceptado: agosto 8 de 2001 Leyva (Boyacá) (FIGURA 1). En los alrededores de y al nivel de identificación (Welles, 1962). 10 19 Callawayasaurus colombiensis (Welles) Carpenter 1999 Jerez Jaimes, J. H.; Narváez Parra, E. X. EL PLESIOSAURIO DE VILLA DE LEYVA (BOYACÁ, COLOMBIA). ¿UN NUEVO ESPÉCIMEN? FIGURA 7. Cráneo del ejemplar en estudio. Vista lateral. Longitud 26 cm aproximadamente: d, hueso dentario; Mx, maxilar; Ne, narinas externas; Pm, premaxilar; Sa, surangular; Sq, escuamosal. FIGURA 1. Localización del municipio de Villa de Leyva (Boyacá, Colombia). Welles realiza una de las revisiones más precisas que identifica como Alzadasaurus colombiensis FIGURA 8. Cráneo de Styxosaurus snowii KUVP 1301: a, angular; d, dentario; en, narinas externas; fr, frontal; ju, jugal; mx, maxilar; sobre los plesiosaurios y determina la especie para Welles 1962, siendo un nuevo reporte para el mundo, pa, parietal; pm, premaxilar; po, postorbital; q, cuadrado; sa, surangular; sq, escuamosal; sr, órbita esclerótica (Carpenter, 1999). los ejemplares encontrados en Villa de Leyva, a los además presenta una clasificación bastante acertada 18 11 Callawayasaurus colombiensis (Welles) Carpenter 1999 Jerez Jaimes, J. H.; Narváez Parra, E. X. EL PLESIOSAURIO DE VILLA DE LEYVA (BOYACÁ, COLOMBIA). ¿UN NUEVO ESPÉCIMEN? TABLA 1. Clasificación de los Plesiosaurios según Welles (1962). Superfamilia Familia Rango de tiempo Pistosauridae Triásico Plesiosauroidea Plesiosauridae Jurásico temprano Elasmosauridae Jurásico tardío a Cretácico tardío Elasmosaurinae: Brancasaurus, Elasmosaurus Alzadasaurinae: Alzadasaurus, Aphrosaurus, Fresnosaurus Welles, 1943; Hydralmosaurus, Hydrotherosaurus, Leurospondylus, FIGURA 6. Ilustraciones del cráneo de Callawayasaurus colombiensis (Alzadasaurus colombiensis) Welles,1962. Morenosaurus , ?Ogmodirus, Los detalles del cráneo del ejemplar tipo de Leyva. Se desconoce la ubicación exacta del Styxosaurus, Callawayasaurus colombiensis (= Alzadasaurus hallazgo, aunque cabe aclarar que fue colectado entre Thalassomedon colombiensis Welles, 1962) elaborados por Welles los municipios de Villa de Leyva y Sutamarchán. (1962), se presentan en la FIGURA 6. Pliosauroidea Pliosauridae Jurásico temprano y tardío Como es natural, para reconfirmar la identidad de La FIGURA 7 corresponde a los rasgos más este espécimen se deben realizar los estudios Dolichorhynchopidae Jurásico tardío a Cretácico tardío Dolichorhynchops, sobresalientes del cráneo del espécimen hallado sin morfométricos concernientes y demás análisis Leptocleidus, realizar un proceso de limpieza y pulimento de los necesarios in corpus, así como las réplicas necesarias Peyerus huesos que lo conforman. y su reconstrucción total. (=Leptocleidus) Es claro que existe similitud entre el cráneo en CONCLUSIONES enfatizando en la familia Elasmosauridae, la cual es el abdomen, sus cuerpos eran anchos y compactos, estudio y los diagramas de Welles. La forma del dividida en dos
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