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Carpenter 1999 EL PLESIOSAURIO DE VILLA DE LEYVA (BOYACÁ, COLOMBIA)
Boletín de Geología Vol. 23, No. 38, Enero-Junio de 2001 Callawayasaurus colombiensis (Welles) Carpenter 1999 EL PLESIOSAURIO DE VILLA DE LEYVA (BOYACÁ, COLOMBIA). ¿UN NUEVO ESPÉCIMEN? Jerez Jaimes, J. H1.; Narváez Parra, E. X1. RESUMEN En los depósitos del Cretácico (Aptiano) de Villa de Leyva se han reportado dos especies de plesiosaurios, un pliosaurio Kronosaurus boyacensis Hampe 1992, y un plesiosaurio Callawayasaurus colombiensis (Welles) Carpenter, 1999 (= Alzadasaurus colombiensis Welles, 1962). Se realiza la determinación de un espécimen de elasmosaurio encontrado por los pobladores de la zona rural de Villa de Leyva en 1999 con base en material fotográfico del mismo, siendo muy probable que corresponda a la especie Callawayasaurus colombiensis (Welles) Carpenter, 1999. Palabras Claves: Cretácico, Plesiosaurios, Villa de Leyva. ABSTRACT In the deposits of the Cretaceous (Aptian) of Villa de Leyva two plesiosaurs species have been reported, a pliosaur Kronosaurus boyacensis Hampe 1992, and a plesiosaur Callawayasaurus colombiensis (Welles) Carpenter, 1999 (= Alzadasaurus colombiensis Welles, 1962). We carried out the determination of elasmosaur specimen found by the inhabitants of the rural area of Villa de Leyva in 1999, on the basis of photographic material of it. Probably it corresponds to the Callawayasaurus colombiensis specie (Welles) Carpenter, 1999. Key Words: Cretaceous, Plesiosaurs, Villa de Leyva. 1Biólogos, Calle 10A # 24-68 Bucaramanga, Santander (Colombia). Correo electrónico: [email protected] Callawayasaurus -
Estimating the Evolutionary Rates in Mosasauroids and Plesiosaurs: Discussion of Niche Occupation in Late Cretaceous Seas
Estimating the evolutionary rates in mosasauroids and plesiosaurs: discussion of niche occupation in Late Cretaceous seas Daniel Madzia1 and Andrea Cau2 1 Department of Evolutionary Paleobiology, Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland 2 Independent, Parma, Italy ABSTRACT Observations of temporal overlap of niche occupation among Late Cretaceous marine amniotes suggest that the rise and diversification of mosasauroid squamates might have been influenced by competition with or disappearance of some plesiosaur taxa. We discuss that hypothesis through comparisons of the rates of morphological evolution of mosasauroids throughout their evolutionary history with those inferred for contemporary plesiosaur clades. We used expanded versions of two species- level phylogenetic datasets of both these groups, updated them with stratigraphic information, and analyzed using the Bayesian inference to estimate the rates of divergence for each clade. The oscillations in evolutionary rates of the mosasauroid and plesiosaur lineages that overlapped in time and space were then used as a baseline for discussion and comparisons of traits that can affect the shape of the niche structures of aquatic amniotes, such as tooth morphologies, body size, swimming abilities, metabolism, and reproduction. Only two groups of plesiosaurs are considered to be possible niche competitors of mosasauroids: the brachauchenine pliosaurids and the polycotylid leptocleidians. However, direct evidence for interactions between mosasauroids and plesiosaurs is scarce and limited only to large mosasauroids as the Submitted 31 July 2019 predators/scavengers and polycotylids as their prey. The first mosasauroids differed Accepted 18 March 2020 from contemporary plesiosaurs in certain aspects of all discussed traits and no evidence Published 13 April 2020 suggests that early representatives of Mosasauroidea diversified after competitions with Corresponding author plesiosaurs. -
A Revision of the Classification of the Plesiosauria with a Synopsis of the Stratigraphical and Geographical Distribution Of
LUNDS UNIVERSITETS ARSSKRIFT. N. F. Avd. 2. Bd 59. Nr l. KUNGL. FYSIOGRAFISKA SÅLLSKAPETS HANDLINGAR, N. F. Bd 74. Nr 1. A REVISION OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE PLESIOSAURIA WITH A SYNOPSIS OF THE STRATIGRAPHICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE GROUP BY PER OVE PERSSON LUND C. W. K. GLEER UP Read before the Royal Physiographic Society, February 13, 1963. LUND HÅKAN OHLSSONS BOKTRYCKERI l 9 6 3 l. Introduction The sub-order Plesiosauria is one of the best known of the Mesozoic Reptile groups, but, as emphasized by KuHN (1961, p. 75) and other authors, its classification is still not satisfactory, and needs a thorough revision. The present paper is an attempt at such a revision, and includes also a tabular synopsis of the stratigraphical and geo graphical distribution of the group. Some of the species are discussed in the text (pp. 17-22). The synopsis is completed with seven maps (figs. 2-8, pp. 10-16), a selective synonym list (pp. 41-42), and a list of rejected species (pp. 42-43). Some forms which have been erroneously referred to the Plesiosauria are also briefly mentioned ("Non-Plesiosaurians", p. 43). - The numerals in braekets after the generic and specific names in the text refer to the tabular synopsis, in which the different forms are numbered in successional order. The author has exaroined all material available from Sweden, Australia and Spitzbergen (PERSSON 1954, 1959, 1960, 1962, 1962a); the major part of the material from the British Isles, France, Belgium and Luxembourg; some of the German spec imens; certain specimens from New Zealand, now in the British Museum (see LYDEK KER 1889, pp. -
How Plesiosaurs Swam: New Insights Into Their Underwater Flight Using “Ava”, a Virtual Pliosaur
Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 9 October 2019 doi:10.20944/preprints201910.0094.v1 How Plesiosaurs Swam: New Insights into Their Underwater Flight Using “Ava”, a Virtual Pliosaur Max Hawthorne1,*, Mark A. S. McMenamin 2, Paul de la Salle3 1Far From The Tree Press, LLC, 4657 York Rd., #952, Buckingham, PA, 18912, United States 2Department of Geology and Geography, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Massachusetts, United States 3Swindon, England *Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: 267-337-7545 Abstract Analysis of plesiosaur swim dynamics by means Further study attempted to justify the use of all four flippers of a digital 3D armature (wireframe “skeleton”) of a simultaneously via the use of paddle-generated vortices, pliosauromorph (“Ava”) demonstrates that: 1, plesiosaurs which require specific timing to achieve optimal additional used all four flippers for primary propulsion; 2, plesiosaurs thrust. These attempts have largely relied on anatomical utilized all four flippers simultaneously; 3, respective pairs studies of strata-compressed plesiosaur skeletons, and/or of flippers of Plesiosauridae, front and rear, traveled through preconceived notions as pertains to the paddles’ inherent distinctive, separate planes of motion, and; 4, the ability to ranges of motion [8, 10-12]. What has not been considered utilize all four paddles simultaneously allowed these largely are the opposing angles of the pectoral and pelvic girdles, predatory marine reptiles to achieve a significant increase in which strongly indicate varied-yet-complementing relations acceleration and speed, which, in turn, contributed to their between the front and rear sets of paddles, both in repose and sustained dominance during the Mesozoic. -
Morphologic and Ontogenetic Patterns in Elasmosaur Neck Length, with Comments on the Taxonomic Utility of Neck Length Variables F
Marshall University Marshall Digital Scholar Biological Sciences Faculty Research Biological Sciences 6-2006 Morphologic and Ontogenetic Patterns in Elasmosaur Neck Length, with Comments on the Taxonomic Utility of Neck Length Variables F. Robin O’Keefe Marshall University, [email protected] Norton Hiller Follow this and additional works at: http://mds.marshall.edu/bio_sciences_faculty Part of the Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons, and the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons Recommended Citation O’Keefe FR, Hiller N (2006) Morphologic and ontogenetic patterns in elasmosaur neck length, with comments on the taxonomic utility of neck length variables. Paludicola 5:206–229. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Biological Sciences at Marshall Digital Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biological Sciences Faculty Research by an authorized administrator of Marshall Digital Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Paludicola 5(4):206-229 June 2006 by the Rochester Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology MORPHOLOGIC AND ONTOGENETIC PATTERNS IN ELASMOSAUR NECK LENGTH, WITH COMMENTS ON THE TAXONOMIC UTILITY OF NECK LENGTH VARIABLES F. Robin O'Keefe1 and Norton Hiller2 1Department of Anatomy, NYCOM 2 rm. 321, New York College of Osteopathic Medicine Old Westbury, New York 11568, [email protected] 2Canterbury Museum, Rolleston Avenue Christchurch, 8001 New Zealand, [email protected] ABSTRACT Elasmosaur cervical vertebrae are common fossils, but their taxonomic utility is limited due to a lack of understanding concerning their shape within and among taxa. In this paper, we analyze data from complete elasmosaur necks in an attempt to quantify and understand the variation in centrum dimensions. -
Mosasaurs Continuing from Last Time…
Pliosaurs and Mosasaurs Continuing From Last Time… • Pliosauridae: the big marine predators of the Jurassic Pliosauridae • Some of the largest marine predators of all time, these middle Jurassic sauropterygians include such giants as Kronosaurus, Liopleurodon, Macroplata, Peloneustes, Pliosaurus, and Brachauchenius Pliosaur Mophology • While the number of cervical vertebrae is less than in plesiosaurs, there is still variation: Macroplata (29) vs. Kronosaurus (13) Pliosaur Morphology • Larger pliosaurs adopted a more streamlined body shape, like modern whales, with a large skull and compact neck, and generally the hind limbs were larger than the front, while plesiosaurs had larger forelimbs Pliosaur Morphology • Powerful limb girdles and large (banana sized) conical teeth helped pliosaurs eat larger, quicker prey than the piscivorous plesiosaurs Liopleurodon • NOT 25 m long in general (average of 40 feet), though perhaps certain individuals could reach that size, making Liopleurodon ferox the largest carnivore to ever live • Recent skull studies indicate that Liopleurodon could sample water in stereo through nostrils, locating scents much as we locate sound Cretaceous Seas • Breakup of Gondwana causes large undersea mountain chains to form, raising sea levels everywhere • Shallow seas encourage growth of corals, which increases calcium abundance and chalk formation • Warm seas and a gentle thermal gradient yield a hospitable environment to rays, sharks, teleosts, and the first radiation of siliceous diatoms Kronosaurus • Early Cretaceous -
Late Cretaceous) of Morocco : Palaeobiological and Behavioral Implications Remi Allemand
Endocranial microtomographic study of marine reptiles (Plesiosauria and Mosasauroidea) from the Turonian (Late Cretaceous) of Morocco : palaeobiological and behavioral implications Remi Allemand To cite this version: Remi Allemand. Endocranial microtomographic study of marine reptiles (Plesiosauria and Mosasauroidea) from the Turonian (Late Cretaceous) of Morocco : palaeobiological and behavioral implications. Paleontology. Museum national d’histoire naturelle - MNHN PARIS, 2017. English. NNT : 2017MNHN0015. tel-02375321 HAL Id: tel-02375321 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02375321 Submitted on 22 Nov 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. MUSEUM NATIONAL D’HISTOIRE NATURELLE Ecole Doctorale Sciences de la Nature et de l’Homme – ED 227 Année 2017 N° attribué par la bibliothèque |_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_|_| THESE Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DU MUSEUM NATIONAL D’HISTOIRE NATURELLE Spécialité : Paléontologie Présentée et soutenue publiquement par Rémi ALLEMAND Le 21 novembre 2017 Etude microtomographique de l’endocrâne de reptiles marins (Plesiosauria et Mosasauroidea) du Turonien (Crétacé supérieur) du Maroc : implications paléobiologiques et comportementales Sous la direction de : Mme BARDET Nathalie, Directrice de Recherche CNRS et les co-directions de : Mme VINCENT Peggy, Chargée de Recherche CNRS et Mme HOUSSAYE Alexandra, Chargée de Recherche CNRS Composition du jury : M. -
A New Specimen of Platypterygius Sachicarum (Reptilia, Ichthyosauria) from the Early Cretaceous of Colombia and Its Phylogenetic Implications
Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology ISSN: 0272-4634 (Print) 1937-2809 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ujvp20 A new specimen of Platypterygius sachicarum (Reptilia, Ichthyosauria) from the Early Cretaceous of Colombia and its phylogenetic implications Erin E. Maxwell, Dirley Cortés, Pedro Patarroyo & Mary Luz Parra Ruge To cite this article: Erin E. Maxwell, Dirley Cortés, Pedro Patarroyo & Mary Luz Parra Ruge (2019): A new specimen of Platypterygiussachicarum (Reptilia, Ichthyosauria) from the Early Cretaceous of Colombia and its phylogenetic implications, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2019.1577875 View supplementary material Published online: 12 Apr 2019. Submit your article to this journal View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=ujvp20 Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology e1577875 (12 pages) © by the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2019.1577875 ARTICLE A NEW SPECIMEN OF PLATYPTERYGIUS SACHICARUM (REPTILIA, ICHTHYOSAURIA) FROM THE EARLY CRETACEOUS OF COLOMBIA AND ITS PHYLOGENETIC IMPLICATIONS ERIN E. MAXWELL, *,1 DIRLEY CORTÉS, 2,3,4 PEDRO PATARROYO,5 and MARY LUZ PARRA RUGE6 1Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany, [email protected]; 2Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama; 3Grupo de Investigación Biología para la Conservación, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Avenida Central del Norte 39-115, Tunja, Colombia, [email protected]; 4Redpath Museum, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal QC H3A 0C4, Canada, [email protected]; 5Departamento de Geociencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Cr. -
Reptiles Fósiles De Colombia Un Aporte Al Conocimiento Y a La Enseñanza Del Patrimonio Paleontológico Del País
Reptiles Fósiles de Colombia Un aporte al conocimiento y a la enseñanza del patrimonio paleontológico del país Luis Gonzalo Ortiz-Pabón Universidad Pedagógica Nacional Facultad de Ciencia y tecnología Departamento de biología Bogotá D.C. 2020 Reptiles Fósiles de Colombia Un aporte al conocimiento y a la enseñanza del patrimonio paleontológico del país Luis Gonzalo Ortiz-Pabón Trabajo presentado como requisito para optar por el título de: Licenciado en Biología Directora: Heidy Paola Jiménez Medina MSc. Línea de Investigación: Educación en Ciencias y formación Ambiental Grupo de Investigación: Educación en Ciencias, Ambiente y Diversidad Universidad Pedagógica Nacional Facultad de Ciencia y tecnología Departamento de biología Bogotá D.C. 2020 Dedicatoria A mi mami, quien ha estado acompañándome y apoyándome en muchos de los momentos definitivos de mi vida, además de la deuda que tengo con ella desde 2008. “La ciencia no es una persecución despiadada de información objetiva. Es una actividad humana creativa, sus genios actúan más como artistas que como procesadores de información” Stephen J. Gould Agradecimientos En primera instancia agradezco a todos los maestros y maestras que fueron parte esencial de mi formación académica. Agradecimiento especial al Ilustrador y colega Marco Salazar por su aporte gráfico a la construcción del libro Reptiles Fósiles de Colombia, a Oscar Hernández y a Galdra Films por su valioso aporte en la diagramación y edición del libro, a Heidy Jiménez quien fue mi directora y guía en el desarrollo de este trabajo y a Vanessa Robles, quien estuvo acompañando la revisión del libro y este escrito, además del apoyo emocional brindado en todo momento. -
A Cladistic Analysis and Taxonomic Revision of the Plesiosauria (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) F
Marshall University Marshall Digital Scholar Biological Sciences Faculty Research Biological Sciences 12-2001 A Cladistic Analysis and Taxonomic Revision of the Plesiosauria (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) F. Robin O’Keefe Marshall University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://mds.marshall.edu/bio_sciences_faculty Part of the Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons, and the Other Animal Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Frank Robin O’Keefe (2001). A cladistic analysis and taxonomic revision of the Plesiosauria (Reptilia: Sauropterygia). ). Acta Zoologica Fennica 213: 1-63. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Biological Sciences at Marshall Digital Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biological Sciences Faculty Research by an authorized administrator of Marshall Digital Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Acta Zool. Fennica 213: 1–63 ISBN 951-9481-58-3 ISSN 0001-7299 Helsinki 11 December 2001 © Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board 2001 A cladistic analysis and taxonomic revision of the Plesiosauria (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) Frank Robin O’Keefe Department of Anatomy, New York College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York 11568, U.S.A Received 13 February 2001, accepted 17 September 2001 O’Keefe F. R. 2001: A cladistic analysis and taxonomic revision of the Plesio- sauria (Reptilia: Sauropterygia). — Acta Zool. Fennica 213: 1–63. The Plesiosauria (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) is a group of Mesozoic marine reptiles known from abundant material, with specimens described from all continents. The group originated very near the Triassic–Jurassic boundary and persisted to the end- Cretaceous mass extinction. This study describes the results of a specimen-based cladistic study of the Plesiosauria, based on examination of 34 taxa scored for 166 morphological characters. -
The Macroevolutionary Landscape of Short-Necked Plesiosaurians Collapsed to a Unimodal Distribution
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN The macroevolutionary landscape of short‑necked plesiosaurians Valentin Fischer1*, Jamie A. MacLaren1, Laura C. Soul2, Rebecca F. Bennion1,3, Patrick S. Druckenmiller4 & Roger B. J. Benson5 Throughout their evolution, tetrapods have repeatedly colonised a series of ecological niches in marine ecosystems, producing textbook examples of convergent evolution. However, this evolutionary phenomenon has typically been assessed qualitatively and in broad‑brush frameworks that imply simplistic macroevolutionary landscapes. We establish a protocol to visualize the density of trait space occupancy and thoroughly test for the existence of macroevolutionary landscapes. We apply this protocol to a new phenotypic dataset describing the morphology of short‑necked plesiosaurians, a major component of the Mesozoic marine food webs (ca. 201 to 66 Mya). Plesiosaurians evolved this body plan multiple times during their 135-million-year history, making them an ideal test case for the existence of macroevolutionary landscapes. We fnd ample evidence for a bimodal craniodental macroevolutionary landscape separating latirostrines from longirostrine taxa, providing the frst phylogenetically-explicit quantitative assessment of trophic diversity in extinct marine reptiles. This bimodal pattern was established as early as the Middle Jurassic and was maintained in evolutionary patterns of short‑necked plesiosaurians until a Late Cretaceous (Turonian) collapse to a unimodal landscape comprising longirostrine forms with novel morphologies. This study highlights the potential of severe environmental perturbations to profoundly alter the macroevolutionary dynamics of animals occupying the top of food chains. Amniotes are ’land vertebrates’, but have nevertheless undergone at least 69 independent evolutionary transi- tions from land into aquatic environments 1. Sea-going (marine) amniotes are textbook examples of inter- and intraclade convergent evolution, with repeated acquisitions of short, hydrodynamic body plans 2–9. -
Revision of the Genus Styxosaurus and Relationships of the Late Cretaceous Elasmosaurids (Sauropterygia: Plesiosauria) of the Western Interior Seaway
Marshall University Marshall Digital Scholar Theses, Dissertations and Capstones 2020 Revision of the Genus Styxosaurus and Relationships of the Late Cretaceous Elasmosaurids (Sauropterygia: Plesiosauria) of the Western Interior Seaway Elliott Armour Smith Follow this and additional works at: https://mds.marshall.edu/etd Part of the Biology Commons, Paleobiology Commons, and the Paleontology Commons REVISION OF THE GENUS STYXOSAURUS AND RELATIONSHIPS OF THE LATE CRETACEOUS ELASMOSAURIDS (SAUROPTERYGIA: PLESIOSAURIA) OF THE WESTERN INTERIOR SEAWAY A thesis submitted to the Graduate College of Marshall University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science In Biological Sciences by Elliott Armour Smith Approved by Dr. F. Robin O’Keefe, Committee Chairperson Dr. Habiba Chirchir, Committee Member Dr. Herman Mays, Committee Member Marshall University May 2020 ii © 2020 Elliott Armour Smith ALL RIGHTS RESERVED iii DEDICATION Dedicated to my loving parents for supporting me on my journey as a scientist. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Dr. Robin O’Keefe for serving as my advisor, and for his constant mentorship and invaluable contributions to this manuscript. I would like to thank Dr. Herman Mays and Dr. Habiba Chirchir for serving on my committee and providing immensely valuable feedback on this manuscript and the ideas within. Thanks to the Marshall University Department of Biological Sciences for travel support. I would like to thank curators Ross Secord (University of Nebraska), Chris Beard (University of Kansas), Tylor Lyson (Denver Museum of Nature and Science), and Darrin Paginac (South Dakota School of Mines and Technology) for granting access to fossil specimens. Thanks to Joel Nielsen (University of Nebraska State Museum), Megan Sims (University of Kansas), Kristen MacKenzie (Denver Museum of Nature and Science) for facilitating access to fossil specimens.