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World of Choice WorldofChoice dewereldmuziekcatalogusvanchoicemusic Metveelgenoegenbiedenwijuditboekjeaan,datkandienenalseenhandigevraagbaakophetgebiedvande wereldmuziek.Dietermwektnamelijkgeheeltenonrechtedeindrukdathetzougaanomeenoverzichtelijkgenreof muziektype.Nietsisnatuurlijkminderwaar!‘Wereldmuziek’iseenstoplap,opz’nbesteenvergaarbakwaarallesin pastdat zichniet laatindelenbijpop,jazz,klassiekennogeenpaarvandiestandaardcategorieën.Maarwereldmuziekisnatuurlijk ookeenuitdaging,wantwiewilernietopeenaangenamemanierkennismakenmetexotischemuziekuitingenuitverreen onbekende oorden?Voordeoverzichtelijkheidhebbenweonzecatalogusgeorganiseerdperwerelddeelenverderperland ofregio,waarbijdemeestbelangrijketraditiesuiteraardextraaandachtkrijgen.Zozijnerafzonderlijkesectiesoverflamenco, zigeunermuziek,tango,klezmerendemediterranepolyfonieënenookartiestenalsMikisTheodorakis,AstorPiazzolla, NusratFatehAliKhanenRabihAbou-Khalilwordenafzonderlijkbelicht.Perregiohebbenweookeenlijstmetveel voorkomendemuzikaletermen(enhunbetekenis)opgenomen,zodatuallerleivoorkomendevragenoverwereldmuziekvan nuafaanbeterkuntbeantwoorden.Houdditboekjedusalsnaslagwerkbijdehand.Hetzalubeslistvanpaskomen. VeelpleziermetdewereldmuziekvanChoiceMusic! HetChoiceMusicteam. Inhoudsopgave 1Europa 4.4 ZuidelijkAfrika 1.1DeKeltischewereld4.4.1Zuid-Afrika 1.2Scandinavië 4.4.2Zimbabwe 1.3deAlpen 4.4.3Mozambique 1.4Spanje4.4.4Botswana 1.4.1CanarischeEilanden 4.5.2Réunion 1.5Portugal 4.5MadagaskarenRéunion 1.6Mediterranepolyfonieën 4.5.1Madagaskar 1.7Italië 1.8Albanië 1.9Duitsland 5.Azië 1.10Roemenië 5.1 HetIndiasesubcontinent 1.11Griekenland 5.1.1India 1.12Bulgarije 5.1.2Pakistan 1.13Hongarije 5.2 Hetverreoosten 1.14DeKaukasus 5.2.1Indonesië 1.15Vroegeimmigranten:dezigeuners 5.2.2Vietnam 1.16JodeninEuropa:dewortelsvandeklezmer5.2.3China 5.2.4DeHimalaya:Tibet,NepalenBhutan 5.2.5MongoliëenTuva 2.VoormaligSovjet-Unie 5.2.6Korea 2.1Moldavië5.2.7Japan 5.2.8Laos 3.HetMidden-Oosten 5.2.9Cambodja 3.1DeArabischewereld 3.2Turkije 3.3Koerdistan 6.AustraliëenOceanië 3.4Iran 6.1 Australië 3.5Afghanistan 3.6Sudan 3.7Azerbaijan 7.Amerika 3.8Uzbekistan 7.1 Noord-Amerika 3.9Egypte 7.1.1VerenigdeStaten 7.1.2Mexico 7.2 HetCaribischgebied 4.Afrika 7.2.1Cuba 7.2.2.Jamaica 4.1Noord-AfrikaendeSahara 7.2.3DominicaanseRepubliek 4.2West-Afrika 7.2.4Guadeloupe 4.2.1Mali 7.2.5Haiti 4.2.2Senegal 7.3 LatijnsAmerika 4.2.3Congo 7.3.1Colombia 4.3 CentraalenOostelijkAfrika 7.3.2Brazilië 4.3.1Kameroen 7.3.3Argentinië 4.3.2EquatoriaalGuinee 7.3.4DeAndes 4.3.3Ethiopië7.3.5Venezuela 4.3.4Zanzibar7.3.6Peru 4.3.5Kenia7.4 NativeAmerican 4.3.6Nigeria 4.3.7BurkinaFaso 8.Denieuwemuzikalewereldburgers 9.SpecialWorldNetwork 1.Europa Hoewelwebijwereldmuziekmeestalnietdirectaanonseigenwerelddeeldenken,iseropdatgebieddelaatstetientallenjarenveel veranderd.Mededoordeheroplevingvandialectenenstreekgebondencultuuruitingenstaanfolkloreentraditionelemuziekstijlen ookinWest-Europategenwoordigweerhoogindebelangstelling.VoorhetzuidenenoostenvanEuropaendeKeltische taalgebiedenligtdezaaknatuurlijkheelanders,wantdaarzijnvolksmuziekenlokalecultuurgewoonnooitweggeweest. 1.1DeKeltischewereld DeKeltischecultuur–eenvandebronnenvandeWestersebeschaving–isnogsteedsspringlevendinIerland,Wales,delenvan SchotlandenEngeland,inBretagneenverderindeSpaanseprovinciesGaliciëenAsturias.Daarnaastzijnsporenvan derijke KeltischecultuurnogsteedstevindeninkleineenclavesinItaliëenTurkije.Inaldezegebiedenwordtdedoedelzak (in uiteenlopendevormenenafmetingen)bespeeld,netalsdebijnauitgestorvendraailier.KenmerkendvoordeKeltischetraditiezijn deneigingommelodieëninelkaartevervlechten,debezetting(veelalmetdoedelzak,viooloftrekzak)endevaakcomplexe arrangementen. EnkeleKeltischeinstrumentenenmuzikaletermen: Bodhrán: GroteIerseringtrommeldiewordtbespeeldmeteenbot,eenkleinestokofmetdehand. Ireland(16)Altan,DeDannane.a. Box: Accordeon(bargoens). Clarsach: Keltischeharp. Network55833 Jig: Iersevolksdansin6/8;eenslip-jigstaatin9/8. Reel: Iersevolksdansin4/4. Telenn: Bretonseharp. Tinwhistle: Kleinemetalenfluitmetzesgaatjes. Uilleannpipes:Iersebalgdoedelzak(spreekuit:‘ìllenpaips’). Ireland(16) Altan,DeDannanenanderen(Network55833) DeechteliefhebbersvandeIersefolkwistenhetnatuurlijkallang,maarditalbummaakthetnogeensklipenklaarduidelijk:veel ouderdandeballade-folk-song-traditiezijndedanswijsjes,jigs,reels,slowairsena-capellagezondenSean-Nos-liederen.Precies dietraditieskomenopditalbumuitvoerigaanbod.LiamO’Flynnlaatdeuilleann-pipesklagenenjubelen,FrankieGavins strijkstok scheertmeteenduivelsevaartoverdevioolsnarenenDessieWilkinson blaastzoweldekleinetinwhistle alsdelangehouten dwarsfluit.EenechteontdekkingishetrelatiefjongeAltan,datzichonderscheidtdoorsubtielezang,stormachtigeviolenenritmisch complexepatronendoorgitaarenbouzouki. InaSplitSeconditHappens Surabhi(Amiata0297) CelticSoundscape Diverseartiesten(Lattitudes50606) Peter&Wendy Cunningham/McKeown(Alula1006) DreamsofSeaandSky Surahbi(Amiata0498) CelticAngels DiverseArtiesten(Amiata1397 BushesandBriarsSusanMcKeown Alula1008 Bushes&Briars SusanMcKeown(Alula1008) SusanMcKeownwordteenvandebestestemmenvanIerlandgenoemd,endat iszekernietoverdreven.Ophaarnegendealbum, tevenshaartweedeprojectvoorAlulaRecords,laatzeonsvoelendatdesfeervanIerlandactuelerenmeeraanwezigis danooit. SusanzingtinhetEngelsenookinhetGaelic-deoorspronkelijkekeltischetaalvandeIeren.Met‘Bushes&Briars’presenteertze eenmoderneeneigentijdsecollectiemetKeltischesongs.Haarstembetovertenbrengtjeineentotaalanderewereld.Susan verbindtlyriekmetharmoniezonderookmaareenenkeleconcessietedoen.ZijdraagtdeIersetraditiedetoekomstin,opeen modernemanierechtvandezetijdens Scotland(32) Diverseartiesten(Network58394) Voortreffelijkelive-opnamenvanartiestendietotdecrème-de-la-crèmevandeSchotsefolkbehoren,zoals,DickGaughanAly Bain,PhilCunningham,Sileas,CatrionaMacDonald&IanLowthian,alsmedeThePoozies,UrbnRien.Ceolbeg 1.2Scandinavië HoewelScandinaviëmetzijnhogelevensstandaardnadrukkelijkdeeluitmaaktvandeWestersewereld,heefthet–net alsvele anderevolkendielangsdegeografischebuitengrenzenvanEuropaleven–eenrijkeenspringlevendevolksmuziektraditie.De oudsteinstrumentenzijnkoe-ofgeitehoorns,diewerdengebruiktomopgroteafstandsignalentegeven,maarhetcentrale Scandinavischeinstrumentistochdeviool.Dezekomtinallerleivormenvoor,waarvandeNoorseHardingfele demeestbekende is.Dezeonderscheidtzichvandegewoneviooldoorderijkeversieringen,metnamedeingelegdetoets. DreamsofSeaandSky Surahbi Defele wordthogergestemddandevioolendevierextra‘sympathische’(=meetrillende)snarenzorgendankzijhunresonantievoor Amiata0498 eenvolleretoon.Vaakwordthetvolksdansenbegeleiddooréénenkeleviool. RiffOla SwedishSaxSeptet(nmd50311) 1.3deAlpen AchterhetstereotypebeeldvandeAlpenmuziek–lederhosen,koebellenenrondborstigejodelaars–gaateenonverwachterijkdom aantalentschuil.DeAlpenzijneenhooggebergteendeafzonderlijkevalleienhebbenzichzeerautonoomontwikkeld.Daaromheeft ookdemuziekvanvalleitotvalleieenanderkarakter.Totdetraditioneleinstrumentenbehorendeknoppenaccordeon,het hakkebord(eensoortcimbaal),deciterendetuba.Delaatstejarenontwikkelenzichnaastdepuretraditionelemuziekallerlei mengvormen,zoalsBavaRio(Beiers/Braziliaans)enAppenzellerSpaceSchöttl (folk-jazz). TheAlps(24) Diverseartiesten(Network56.982) Deechtekunst-enhuismuziekuitdeAlpenisdiepgeworteldindelangegeschiedenisvandezestreek.DeWDRbeschiktovereen uniekarchiefmetklassiekeenactuelevolksmuziek uitBeieren,OostenrijkenZwitserland.Deze100%keyboard-enkitschvrije verzamelingbiedteenoverzichtvandemeestuiteenlopendestijlen,instrumentenentradities.UitZwitserlandkomendekunstige Alpenhoornblazersenjodelaars,maarookhetAppenzellerSpaceSchöttlmetzijnfusiontussenfolkloreenjazz.De Citoller TanzgeigeruitdeSteiermarkspelenhuneeuwenoudeBrettlmusik endefamilieEngel uitTirolmaakteensoortkamermuziekdie doetdenkenaandevroegebarok.Sprankelendenveelzijdig. Scotland(32)DiverseArtiesten Network58394 1.4Spanje HoeweldeflamencohaarwortelsheeftinMarokko,Egypte,India,Pakistan,GriekenlandenanderedelenvanhetMiddenenVerre Oosten,wordtzetochvooralgeassocieerdmetSpanje.Vurigezang,felgitaarspelenopzwependhandgeklapzijnde handelsmerkenvandezemuzieksoort,dievaakgepaardgaatmetgepassioneerdedans.Hoedeflamencopreciesisontstaan,blijft onduidelijk,maardemeestedeskundigenzijnvanmeningdatzeindevijftiendeeeuwinSpanjewerdgeïntroduceerddoor zigeuners.IndedaaropvolgendeeeuwenversmoltzemetelementenuitdeArabischeenJoodsemuziekvanAndalusië,waar Joden,Moslimsen‘heidense’zigeunershuntoevluchthaddengenomenomteontkomenaangedwongenbekeringtothet katholicisme.Erbestaantweetheorieënoverdeherkomstvanhetwoord‘flamenco’.VolgensdeeersteemigreerdendeSpaanse jodenviaVlaanderen,waarzeinvrijheidhunreligieuzeliederenmochtenzingen.InSpanjewerdendiegezangenvervolgens flamencogenoemd.VolgensdeanderetheorieishetwoordontstaanuiteenfoutieveuitspraakvantweeArabischewoorden: felag (vluchteling)enmengu (boer).Dezelaatsteverklaringisredelijkplausibel,aangezienhetArabischindietijdinSpanjeheel gangbaarwas.Tegenwoordigwordtdeflamencozowelgespeelddoorzigeuners(gitanos)alsniet-zigeuners(payo). 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