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Oral Tradition 12.2 _____________________________________________________________ Volume 12 October 1997 Number 2 _____________________________________________________________ Editor Editorial Assistants John Miles Foley Michael Barnes Anastasios Daskalopoulos Scott Garner Lori Peterson Marjorie Rubright Aaron Tate Slavica Publishers, Inc. For a complete catalog of books from Slavica, with prices and ordering information, write to: Slavica Publishers, Inc. Indiana University 2611 E. 10th St. Bloomington, IN 47408-2603 ISSN: 0883-5365 Each contribution copyright (c) 1997 by its author. All rights reserved. The editor and the publisher assume no responsibility for statements of fact or opinion by the authors. Oral Tradition seeks to provide a comparative and interdisciplinary focus for studies in oral literature and related fields by publishing research and scholarship on the creation, transmission, and interpretation of all forms of oral traditional expression. As well as essays treating certifiably oral traditions, OT presents investigations of the relationships between oral and written traditions, as well as brief accounts of important fieldwork, a Symposium section (in which scholars may reply at some length to prior essays), review articles, occasional transcriptions and translations of oral texts, a digest of work in progress, and a regular column for notices of conferences and other matters of interest. In addition, occasional issues will include an ongoing annotated bibliography of relevant research and the annual Albert Lord and Milman Parry Lectures on Oral Tradition. OT welcomes contributions on all oral literatures, on all literatures directly influenced by oral traditions, and on non-literary oral traditions. Submissions must follow the list-of reference format (style sheet available on request) and must be accompanied by a stamped, self-addressed envelope for return or for mailing of proofs; all quotations of primary materials must be made in the original language(s) with following English translations. Authors should submit two copies of all manuscripts. Most contributions will be reviewed by at least one specialist reader and one member of the editorial board before a final decision is reached. Review essays, announcements, and contributions to the Symposium section will be evaluated by the editor in consultation with the board. Oral Tradition appears twice per year, in March and October. To enter a subscription, please contact Slavica Publishers at the address given above. All manuscripts, books for review, items for the bibliography updates, and editorial correspondence, as well as subscriptions and related inquiries should be addressed to the editor, John Miles Foley, Center for Studies in Oral Tradition, 316 Hillcrest Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211. Printed in the United States of America. EDITORIAL BOARD Patricia Arant Ruth Finnegan Brown University Open University Russian African, South Pacific Samuel Armistead Donald K. Fry University of California/Davis Poynter Institute Hispanic, comparative Old English Ilhan Bașgöz Lee Haring Indiana University Brooklyn College, CUNY Turkish African Richard Bauman Joseph Harris Indiana University Harvard University Folklore Old Norse Franz H. Bäuml Melissa Heckler Univ. of Cal./Los Angeles New York Storytelling Center Middle High German Storytelling Roderick Beaton Dell Hymes King’s College, London University of Virginia Modern Greek Native American, Linguistics Dan Ben-Amos Elizabeth Jeffreys University of Pennsylvania University of Sydney Folklore Byzantine Greek Daniel Biebuyck Michael Jeffreys University of Delaware University of Sydney African Byzantine Greek Robert P. Creed Minna Skafte Jensen Univ. of Mass./Amherst Odense University Old English, comparative Ancient Greek, Latin Robert Culley Werner Kelber McGill University Rice University Biblical Studies Biblical Studies Joseph J. Duggan Robert Kellogg Univ. of Cal./Berkeley University of Virginia French, Spanish, comparative Old Germanic, comparative Alan Dundes Victor Mair Univ. of Cal./Berkeley University of Pennsylvania Folklore Chinese Mark W. Edwards Nada Milošević-Djordjević Stanford University University of Belgrade Ancient Greek South Slavic EDITORIAL BOARD Stephen Mitchell Burton Raffel Harvard University Univ. of Southwestern Scandinavian Louisiana Translation Michael Nagler Alain Renoir Univ. of Cal./Berkeley Univ. of Cal./Berkeley Ancient Greek, Sanskrit, (Emeritus) comparative Old Germanic, Old French, comparative Gregory Nagy Bruce A. Rosenberg Harvard University Brown University Ancient Greek, Sanskrit, Folk narrative, Medieval comparative literature Joseph Falaky Nagy Joel Sherzer Univ. of Cal./Los Angeles University of Texas/Austin Old Irish Native American, Anthropology Jacob Neusner Dennis Tedlock Brown University SUNY/Buffalo Hebrew, Biblical Studies Native American Felix J. Oinas J. Barre Toelken Indiana University Utah State University Finnish, Russian Folklore, Native American Isidore Okpewho Ronald J. Turner State Univ. of New York Univ. of Missouri/Columbia African, Ancient Greek Storytelling Walter J. Ong Michael Zwettler St. Louis University (Emeritus) Ohio State University Hermeneutics of orality and Arabic literacy Svetozar Petrović University of Novi Sad South Slavic, Critical theory Contents Editor’s Column...................................................................................... 247 Thomas A. Hale From the Griot of Roots to the Roots of Griot: A New Look at the Origins of a Controversial African Term for Bard ..................................................................249 Vaira Vīķis-Freibergs Sink or Swim: On Associative Structuring in Longer Latvian Folksongs .......................................................279 Leslie Stratyner The “Battle with the Monster”: Transformation of a Traditional Pattern in “The Dream of the Rood”........................ 308 Chao Gejin Mongolian Oral Epic Poetry: An Overview ................................322 Walter Feldman Two Performances of the “Return of Alpamiṣ”: Current Performance-Practice in the Uzbek Oral Epic of the Sherabad School ................................................................337 Catherine S. Quick Annotated Bibliography 1986-1990 .............................................366 About the Authors ...................................................................................485 Index to Volume 12 .................................................................................487 Editor’s Column Let me start this editor’s column with an invitation before the menu. As always, we seek to publish the best available scholarship on the world’s oral traditions, oral-derived texts, and related forms. Perhaps even more insistently than in prior years, as we near the turning of the millennium, studies in oral tradition need both greater breadth and increased depth. That is, Oral Tradition is eager to print articles treating both living traditions (whether fieldwork- or archive-oriented) and manuscript- or text-based works. We welcome your voice, and look forward to your joining the conversation. Long-range, that conversation will be featuring two new initiatives. As well as our ongoing commitment to comparatively oriented issues, we will be producing two more focused special collections—one on the Minority Folk Literatures of China and the other on Oral Tradition and Contemporary Criticism. At this point, the plans for these special issues are still very much on the drawing board, so please let us have your ideas, either about subjects to be covered or about a potential contribution that you would like to propose. The present number of Oral Tradition reflects the heterogeneity for which we have been striving since the inaugural issue in 1986. Thomas Hale begins the discussion with a look at griot(te), the controversial term widely applied to African singers of tales. From African epic, Vaira Vis- Freibergs takes us to Latvian folksongs and the phenomenon of associative structuring. Leslie Stratyner’s article deals with a fascinating hybrid text in Old English, “The Dream of the Rood,” poised between orality and literacy and between the Germanic heroic code and Christian sacrifice. From AngloSaxon England we then journey first to Mongolian and then to Uzbek oral epic in east Asia. Chao Gejin, from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, offers an overview of the Mongolian epic territory, while Walter Feldman provides a case study of two performances of the “Return of Alpami.” Finally, Catherine Quick adds to our annotated bibliographical series with the 1986-1990 installment of books and articles pertaining to oral-formulaic theory and related approaches to the study of oral tradition. We plan to bring the series up to 1995 soon. All new installments, as well as the original 1982 bibliography, will be available electronically at the website for the Center for Studies in Oral Tradition: http://oraltradition.org. Next in the publication queue (13, i) stands a special issue devoted to Native American oral traditions, featuring the subject of co-translation by teams composed of one Native and one non-Native. Once again, we welcome your input. John Miles Foley, Editor Center for Studies in Oral Tradition 316 Hillcrest Hall University of Missouri Columbia, MO 65211 USA Telephone: 573-882-9720 Fax: 573-884-5306 e-mail: [email protected] Oral Tradition, 12/2 (1997): 249-278 From the Griot of Roots to the
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