Hochshule Anhalt (FH) Anhalt University of Applied Sciences

Master of Landscape Architecture Anhalt University of Applied Sciences (October, 2013) New Tahrir Square (Planting Democracy)

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______,VVDP$EG(OODWLI 6WXGHQW,' %HUQEXUJWKRI2FWREHU ABSTRACT

Author: Issam Abd Ellatif

!esis Title: New Tahrir Square (( PLANTING DEMOCRACY))

Keywords: Cairo, Tahrir, Planting democracy, revolution, February 2011.

Abstract: Cairo give its tourists an unbelievable selection of attractions; it is a mixture of old and new as it include many former cities and their monuments.In fact the area of the city can be return to 4225 BC. cairo limited by the desert to the west and east,and the Nile delta to the north, the city is located on both banks and along 40km south to north of the river Nile.

!e city centre is full of universities, governmental o#ces, institutions, commercial establishments, and countless hotels, creating a intensive pattern of constant activity. !e ever-busy Tahrir square is one of the major and largest public squares; the centre of the city.

It's really di#cult task to come up with a proposal for Tahrir Square, the icon of the Egyptian revolution, which has not $nished yet.

I develop proposals and for the tahrir square. Finally, I will present the design for the Egyptian Government, providing ideas, concepts and %at planes. I also propose solutions to current problems, by identifying potentials and taking advantages from them and by creating methods to pursuing these solutions.

Candidate for the degree of: Master of Landscape Architecture

Date of submission: October 2013

Major Professor: Prof. Alexander M.Kader ,Anhalt University of Applied Sciences,

Second Examiner: Prof. Einar Kretzler , MLA Program Director able of Contents

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1. Background

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2.2- Omar Makram statue 2QWKHVRXWKZHVWVLGHLVDSOD]DZLWKDVWDWXHRIQDWLRQDOLVWKHUR2PDU0DNUDPFHOHEUDWHGIRUKLVUHVLVWDQFHDJDLQVW1DSROHRQLV LQYDVLRQRI(J\SWDQGEH\RQGLVWKH2PDU0DNUDP0RVTXH

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Fig.22 Mogamma Building, Midan Tahrir, Cairo, Egypt.

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 3.People's Square and freedom´s symbol !omas Friedman wrote his impressions when he was in the heart of Tahrir Square, and a limited days before forcing Hosni Mubarak to step down, !e Middle East, which we write about forty years is not what I see in front of me in Tahrir Square . Suddenly, the Arab world has a free square and this space released by Egyptians and not by any foreign powers (the New York Times on February 7, 2011). What

Friedman refers to really con$rms that Tahrir Square has become a symbol, But a symbo had a physical re%ectl can be tested and interact with it . It is also change the idea of spatial a#liation in Egypt from formality propaganda idea to a tangible and imperceptible reality.

Indeed, the development of the Egyptian citizen relationship with the place through his visit and attend its activities has become a sign of be longing to the homeland. de$nitely , the January 25 revolution has made Tahrir Square a unique case study for anyone interested

Architecture and Urbanism issues,and transformed the square from physical space limits with known group of buildings to a moral space and dynamic change , the in%uence even formed on the daily level by the will of young people and the protestors and activists, artists and vendors celebrating and even from visitors and tourists. therefore It supports the idea of rejection of the memorial, because it is as a concept immortalizes the past when hearts and minds agree that the revolution of January 25 is a future and continious event that can not be frozen in the cold marble edi$ce. !e dynamics of the revolution make all the ideas the square and the city and the building and their relationship to human beings and society in a state of %ux requires understanding and perception and can not respond to the presence of a monument on the base marble similar to the base that continued existence in the square for decades where it was intended to receive the statue of Khedive, who arrived late a&er the outbreak of the revolution1952 the statue remained in its wooden box on the docks of Alexandria. 30 4.Global Tahrir Square as square

!e possibility of turning the square to a space addresses all world’s free a&er it gained international fame , this goal can be achieved through hosting of international festivals and events , musical and popular and o#cial literary talk show .

!is dimension connects between the space and the event or set of events that can continue on the square periodically or seasonal and to con$rm the new identity for the square as a space for freedom sought by the Egyptian, Arabian and foreigner alike , So come stereochemical structure that accommodates these events as a key condition for the success of any plan or vision design for the reformulation of the square .

!erefore, the square needs an e*ort to re%ect, examin and analysis and and if the square was understood through the monitoring and documentation, !e role of architects is magni$ed in the case of dedication to understand the fabric of the city and the ground shi&s from dirty random place to virtuous and sacred entity. Tahrir Square has become a place of multi layers and frequencies, and if the square was understood through that level, it may be the resulting of the square has di*erent features and contradictory and incomplete, virtuous and perfect and random.But mostly it will not be construction garden with orphan trees and ugly lighting poles and cold isolated concrete seats to con$rm marginalization and culture of the individual not the humanitarian community, these are the components that we thought for decades it is the keys to success of public spaces in

Cairo and other Egyptian cities.

31 Part III. Study examples

32 National September 11 Memorial

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33 Fg.29 Site Map Fig.30 !e National September 11 Memorial and Museum

Fig.31 Bronze parapets 

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 Fig.33 Site plan

 Part IIII. Design

 1. METHODS

1.1 The vision behind designing Tahrir Square.

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38 1.2 SCHEMES , ANALYSIS 1.2.1 "e actual design area

Fig.34 !e limits of design area  1.2.2 EXISTING CITY FABRIC

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!e Egyptian Museum !eAmerican University

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!e design listen to the voice of the people, the voice of freedom: to make the square as pedestrain as much as possible, and changing it in one unique space for free collection of people.

Once tra#c has been moved on the edges of the square without reducing its %ow capacity, the square will become one of the unique open space.

Existing situation Proposal

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)LJXUHSURSRVDOIRU 7DKULUVTXDUHDV a forest.  Phoenix dactylifera Acacia nilotica

Phoenix dactylifera is the most common !e acacia was sacred to Horus tree by far . It was a sacred tree , and a palm branch was the symbol of the god Heh , the personi$cation of eternity.

Ficus sycomoros Diospyros Lotus

Two of them , stood at the eastern gate !e lotus trees are planted at the agricultural of heaven from which the sun emerged roads sides.Lotus trees nowdays grow inupper Egypt. each morning and were associated with !ey are shady and the woods used the wood is used for the goddeses Nut ,Hathor and Isis, making agricultural tools, furniture ,and in building called Lady of the Sycamore . .  Tamarisk sp. Cupressus

!e Tamarisk tree was sacred Cypresses are symbols of mess , they are to Wepwawet . extensively grown as garden ornaments , single or it avenues.

Morus Magnolia insignis

%ODFNDQGZKLWHPXOEHUU\WUHHDERXQG During February 2011 , a magnolia tree LQHDVWHUQORZHU(J\SWZKHUHWKHOHDYHV was covered with the revolution’s demands RIWKHODWWHUDUHJDWKHUHGRIVLONZRUPV in tahrir square. DQGWKHIUXLWRIWKHIRUPHUDUHDIDYRXULWH article of felleh diet .  Arab spring e*ect on Tahrir Square,With amazing and self-organization of people at this center in Cairo ... thousands of footprints or shoe prints le& in the pavement of

!e square as abstract pattern in such a way To be perceived.

!e dead are marked in their number at $rst unknown by a speci$c color mark or a special material such as copper within the pairs of feet.

But the name and the stories of these people are available in Details at the place of history of the revolution.

!is pavement structure is entire by network with infrastructure components for water and electricity supply connected to the paving , which o*ers!e potentials to connect tents and other temporary shelters. close to the road, the tra#c circle is marked out by a circular of pavement, in which take place!e word ‘Freedom’ at this place are listed in the major world languages.

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 3."e Design

3.1 Main Plan

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Playground

Pedestrain

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Main buildings

Landscape

Base

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 5."e Design in details

5.1 Tahrir square Circle

as the tahrir square is a symbol of the democracy not just in Egypt or arabian countries but in all over the world so I designed the symbolic object as a planting tree to ba as abstract the tahrir square is the $rst tree of planting democracy in Egypt .

!e material of the sculpture tree is stainless steel to re%ect the moving nano particles of dust,sand in the air will make the sculpture vibrant and alive .

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Schulpture tree Circle belt

)LJXUH7DKULUVTXDUHFLUFOHIRRWSULQWVFKXOSWXUHWUHH&LUFOEHOW  5 .2 January Revoluation Museum

!is area will be a museum for January´s revolution to tell the events of the blessed January’s revolution 2011 which ended with the fall of Mubarak’s regime . it starts with area to to represent how the situation of Egyptians and the reasons of the revolution which comprise with hedge barriers on it some pictures and videos screen to show the situations and

reasons of the revolution.

A&er crossing the entrance On the way describes the 18 day of the Egypt revolution and one of the important events in this revolution is ((Battle of the Camel)) , Ending of the the way which is the result of the desire for liberty in a new

Egypt, !is vibrant area is dominated by a Libertry tree

((memorial) represent about this revolution )

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!e Battle of the Camel Revolution’s History

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It is logical to serve the tourists and the visitors for the square

with fast snacks and cafes , this cafes integrate with trees.

TEA HOUSES AND SNACK CAFE

)LJXUH9LHZRIKRXVHDQGVQDFNFDIH  5.4 patriotism and seating area

!e single is not enough.Every one is part of a whole .

!is boxes represent the singl aspect of a mass .But at the same time

inform us that best method to reach goals is the groupwork.

there are two types of boxes (75,75,75 cm): steel boxes,wich are

$xed to the ground and copper movable boxes . !e copper boxes

have a simple technique . so that they can be moved around steel boxes but they cannot be taken a way from them. the group work role

is in there . these copper boxes can be moved only by two or group

people , because of their weight . this aspect of the project allows

Egyptians to be part of the square .

in addition,in each box is written a sentences recalling the revolution

sense . such as cries of revolution or wishes for their future in a renewed

democratic land .

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