Table of Artificial Satellites Launched in 1988
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Commercial Spacecraft Mission Model Update
Commercial Space Transportation Advisory Committee (COMSTAC) Report of the COMSTAC Technology & Innovation Working Group Commercial Spacecraft Mission Model Update May 1998 Associate Administrator for Commercial Space Transportation Federal Aviation Administration U.S. Department of Transportation M5528/98ml Printed for DOT/FAA/AST by Rocketdyne Propulsion & Power, Boeing North American, Inc. Report of the COMSTAC Technology & Innovation Working Group COMMERCIAL SPACECRAFT MISSION MODEL UPDATE May 1998 Paul Fuller, Chairman Technology & Innovation Working Group Commercial Space Transportation Advisory Committee (COMSTAC) Associative Administrator for Commercial Space Transportation Federal Aviation Administration U.S. Department of Transportation TABLE OF CONTENTS COMMERCIAL MISSION MODEL UPDATE........................................................................ 1 1. Introduction................................................................................................................ 1 2. 1998 Mission Model Update Methodology.................................................................. 1 3. Conclusions ................................................................................................................ 2 4. Recommendations....................................................................................................... 3 5. References .................................................................................................................. 3 APPENDIX A – 1998 DISCUSSION AND RESULTS........................................................ -
Deep Space Network Ission Suppo
870-14, Rev. AF Deep Space Network ission Suppo Jet Propulsion Laboratory California institute of Technology JPL 0-0787,Rev. AF 870-14, Rev. AF October 1991 Deep Space Network ission Support Re uirements Reviewed by: L.M. McKinley TDA Mission Support Off ice Approved by: R.J. Amorose Manager, TDA Mission Support Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology JPL 0-0787, Rev. AF 870.14. Rev . AF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION............................................................ 1-1 A . PURPOSE AND SCOPE ................................................. 1-1 B . REVISION AND CONTROL .............................................. 1-1 C . ORGANIZATION OF DOCUMENT 870-14 ................................... 1-1 D . ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................... 1-1 ASTRO-D ................................................................. 2-1 BROADCASTING SATELLITE-3A AND -3B (BS-3A AND -3B) ....................... 3-1 CRAF/CASSINI (c/c)...................................................... 4-1 COSMIC BACKGROUND EXPLORER (COBE)....................................... 5-1 DYNAMICS EXPLORER-1 (DE-1).............................................. 6-1 EARTH RADIATION BUDGET SATELLITE (ERBS)................................. 7-1 ENGINEERING TEST SATELLITE-VI (ETS-VI).................................. 8-1 EUROPEAN TELECOMMUNICATIONS SATELLITE I1 (EUTELSAT 11) .................. 9-1 EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET EXPLORER (EWE)..................................... 10-1 FRENCH DIRECT TV BROADCAST SATELLITE (TDF-1 AND -2) .................... -
CONGRESS of the INTERNATIONAL ASTRONAUTICAL FEDERATION BUDAPEST HUNGARY 10-15 OCTOBER 1983 M M XXXIV CONGRESS of the INTERNATIONAL ASTRONAUTICAL FEDERATION
INIS-jnf—8969 BUDAPLCi <*» CONGRESS OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASTRONAUTICAL FEDERATION BUDAPEST HUNGARY 10-15 OCTOBER 1983 m m XXXIV CONGRESS OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASTRONAUTICAL FEDERATION ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS BUDAPEST, HUMGABr Oct. 10-15, FOREWORD Abstracts included in this book art ordered according to the IAF nuuber assigned to each paper eooepted for presentation at XZZI? IAP Congress. Experience hae shown that the chosen arrangement is the nost conrenient one and allows the easiest access to the abstraots. The IA? paper nuBber can be found in the Final Programe of the Congress under: - the Technical Session,wbere the paper is presented - the author's name, listed at the end of the Programe. The Abstracts of the Student Conference and of Space Law Colloquium are at the end of this book. Abstracts of papers arriTed later than August 1st are not included in thie collection. ftingarian Astronautieal Society - 2 - IAr-83~O1 EXOSAT/DELTA - DEMONSTRATED SHORT-TERM BACKUP LAUIfCHER CAPABILITY THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION by J. K. Oanoung, Manager, Spacecraft Integration, Delta Program McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Company G. Altnann, EXOSAT Project Manager, European Space Agency P. Eaton, Chief, Expendable Launch Vehicle Programs National Aeronautics and Space Administration J. D. Kraft, Delta Mission Analysis and Integration Manager, National Aeronautics and Space Administration ABSTRACT An important exploration of eosnie x-ray sources currently under wey Wan made possible by a unique example of international cooperation. The EXOSAT spacecraft, designed, developed, qualified, and prepared for launch by the European Space Agency (ESA), was successfully launched by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Delta launch vehicle in May 1983* EXOSAT was originally scheduled for launch on the European Ariane rocket, but due to unforeseen schedule realignments, ESA, in cooperation with NASA, selected the Delta for this mission in February 1983. -
Table of Artificial Satellites Launched in 1989
This electronic version (PDF) was scanned by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Library & Archives Service from an original paper document in the ITU Library & Archives collections. La présente version électronique (PDF) a été numérisée par le Service de la bibliothèque et des archives de l'Union internationale des télécommunications (UIT) à partir d'un document papier original des collections de ce service. Esta versión electrónica (PDF) ha sido escaneada por el Servicio de Biblioteca y Archivos de la Unión Internacional de Telecomunicaciones (UIT) a partir de un documento impreso original de las colecciones del Servicio de Biblioteca y Archivos de la UIT. (ITU) ﻟﻼﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻻﺗﺤﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﻔﻮﻇﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺃﺟﺮﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺴﺢ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻧﺘﺎﺝ (PDF) ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ .ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﻔﻮﻇﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻗﺴﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﻓﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺃﺻﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﺛﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻼ ً◌ 此电子版（PDF版本）由国际电信联盟（ITU）图书馆和档案室利用存于该处的纸质文件扫描提供。 Настоящий электронный вариант (PDF) был подготовлен в библиотечно-архивной службе Международного союза электросвязи путем сканирования исходного документа в бумажной форме из библиотечно-архивной службы МСЭ. © International Telecommunication Union Settling in. Traveling a t2 3 /0 0 0 miles perhour, Europe’s In less than a decade, Europe’s ambitious manned orbiter Hermes will auickly leave agenda in space is scheduled to become a the coast of Somalia in its wake. And head reality. Alcatel Espace looks forward to work into the sixteenth sunset of the day. ing with the European Space Agency, and Just over the horizon, a rendezvous awaits. partners like NASA ana CNES, to make the The Columbus Attached Module, an inhabit process of settling in a little easier. ed scientific platform moored to America’s Our contribution? Earth-to-orbit transmis Space Station, prepares for a link-up. -
International Cooperation and Competition in Civilian Space Activities
International Cooperation and Competition in Civilian Space Activities June 1985 NTIS order #PB87-136842 Recommended Citation: International Cooperation and Competition in Civilian Space Activities (Washington, DC: U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, OTA-ISC-239, July 1985). Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 84-601087 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 Foreword The nature of global space activities has changed radically over the last decade. No longer are the United States and the Soviet Union the only countries capable of placing satellites into Earth orbit or sending interplanetary probes into deep space. Europe and Japan now have substantial space programs and have developed commercially competitive space systems. Several newly industrialized countries are well along in building their own space programs. In addition, the U.S. private sector has recently expanded its interest and investment in space technology. As this report makes clear, these changes have strong policy implications for the U.S. Government space program and for the U.S. private sector. This report presents the major findings of an assessment requested by the House Committee on Science and Technology and the Joint Economic Committee, on inter- national cooperation and competition in civilian space activities. The United States still enjoys a strong competitive position in most space technologies and in space science. There continues to be broad support for a long-term public commitment to civilian space activities. But precisely because of our achievements—and those of other space-far- ing nations—the number of opportunities (and associated costs) that lie before us re- quire a thoughtful articulation of space goals and objectives. -
秘书处 Distr.: General 2 March 2004 Chinese Original: French
联合国 ST/SG/SER.E/445 秘书处 Distr.: General 2 March 2004 Chinese Original: French 和平利用外层空间委员会 依照《关于登记射入外层空间物体的公约》递交的资料 2004 年 1 月 28 日法国常驻联合国（维也纳）代表团 致秘书长的普通照会 法国常驻联合国（维也纳）代表团向联合国秘书长致意，并谨依照《关于 登记射入外层空间物体的公约》（大会第 3235（XXIX）号决议附件）第四条的 规定，转交法国 1965 年至 2003 年期间发射的空间物体的资料（见附件）。本 资料取代法国以往提交的登记数据。 V.04-51401 (C) GY 100504 110504 *0451401* 2 附件 ST/SG/SER.E/445 法国登记的空间物体数据，1965-2003 年 表 1 法国登记的空间物体数据，1965-1978 年 基本轨道特点 发射装置 交点周期 倾角 远地点 近地点 登记号 发射日期 发射场 类型 （分） （度） （公里） （公里） 空间物体的一般功用 1965 年 1965 096 A 1965 年 11 月 26 日 阿尔及利亚，阿马吉尔 Diamant 99 59.7 797 663 A1 号试验卫星 1965 096 B 1965 年 11 月 26 日 阿尔及利亚，阿马吉尔 Diamant 105 34.3 1 479 516 Diamant 号发射装置推进级 1965 096 C 1965 年 11 月 26 日 阿尔及利亚，阿马吉尔 Diamant 97 34.3 787 453 不起作用的发射装置组件 1965 096 D 1965 年 11 月 26 日 阿尔及利亚，阿马吉尔 Diamant 95 34.2 619 425 不起作用的发射装置组件 1966 年 1966 013 A 1966 年 2 月 17 日 阿尔及利亚，阿马吉尔 Diamant 115 34.1 2 398 498 Diapason D1 号试验卫星 1966 013 B 1966 年 2 月 17 日 阿尔及利亚，阿马吉尔 Diamant 113 34.1 2 239 497 Diamant 号发射装置推进级 1966 013 C 1966 年 2 月 17 日 阿尔及利亚，阿马吉尔 Diamant 95 34.1 555 433 不起作用的发射装置组件 1966 013 D 1966 年 2 月 17 日 阿尔及利亚，阿马吉尔 Diamant 95 34.1 693 377 不起作用的发射装置组件 1966 013 E 1966 年 2 月 17 日 阿尔及利亚，阿马吉尔 Diamant 92 34.1 435 268 不起作用的发射装置组件 1966 013 F 1966 年 2 月 17 日 阿尔及利亚，阿马吉尔 Diamant 91 34.1 325 280 不起作用的发射装置组件 1966 013 G 1966 年 2 月 17 日 阿尔及利亚，阿马吉尔 Diamant 101 34.1 1 206 472 不起作用的发射装置组件 1966 013 H 1966 年 2 月 17 日 阿尔及利亚，阿马吉尔 Diamant - 34.1 722 433 不起作用的发射装置组件 1966 013 J 1966 年 2 月 17 日 阿尔及利亚，阿马吉尔 Diamant 92 34.1 386 352 不起作用的发射装置组件 1966 013 K 1966 年 2 月 17 日 阿尔及利亚，阿马吉尔 Diamant 107 34.1 1 674 475 不起作用的发射装置组件 1966 -
Daniel F.Hastings Assoc
France and Japan in Space: Niche Market Players, with Evolving Assets and Roles by Damon R. Wells B.S., University of Oklahoma (1984) Submitted to the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN TECHNOLOGY AND POLICY at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY September 1991 @ Damon R. Wells, 1991. All rights reserved. The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and to distribute copies of this thesis document in whole or in part. Author......................:'...... ... ::............................. ........ Department of Aýetics and Astronautics August, 1991 Certified by ................................................ .................. ..... Leon Trilling Professor, Aeronautics and Astronautics Thesis Supervisor Certified by .......................... ... ... Os......... ... .. Daniel F.Hastings Assoc. Professor, Aeronautics and Astronautics Thesis Supervisor Accepted by...... * .......... .• ..... ;.•...... * .. -..-..'. ......... Prof. Richard de Neufville ,, Cqhajr anjTechnology and Policy Program A A. r1A.L.~j~L.~LL U)..... .U .. P6f: HUirold Y. Wachman Chairman, Departmental Graduate Committee SEP- 21 4 1991 Aam France and Japan in Space: Niche Market Players, with Evolving Assets and Roles by Damon R. Wells Submitted to the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics on August, 1991, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN TECHNOLOGY AND POLICY Abstract This thesis examines the nature, capabilities, and growth policies of the increasingly successful French and Japanese space programs, with an emphasis on their strate- gies for competing with the larger U.S. and Soviet programs. Toward that end, information and analyses are first presented with respect to the context and policy environment for the programs, including such issues as program structure, funding patterns, overall program goals, and the more general trends in each nation regard- ing high technology policies. -
About the Associate Administrator for Commercial Space Transportation (Ast) and the Commercial Space Transportation Advisory Committee (Comstac)
2000 COMMERCIAL SPACE TRANSPORTATION FORECASTS Federal Aviation Administration’s Associate Administrator for Commercial Space Transportation (AST) and the Commercial Space Transportation Advisory Committee (COMSTAC) May 2000 ABOUT THE ASSOCIATE ADMINISTRATOR FOR COMMERCIAL SPACE TRANSPORTATION (AST) AND THE COMMERCIAL SPACE TRANSPORTATION ADVISORY COMMITTEE (COMSTAC) The Federal Aviation Administration’s senior executives from the U.S. commercial Associate Administrator for Commercial Space space transportation and satellite industries, Transportation (AST) licenses and regulates U.S. space-related state government officials, and commercial space launch activity as authorized other space professionals. by Executive Order 12465, Commercial Expendable Launch Vehicle Activities, and the The primary goals of COMSTAC are to: Commercial Space Launch Act of 1984, as amended. AST’s mission is to license and • Evaluate economic, technological and regulate commercial launch operations to ensure institutional issues relating to the U.S. public health and safety and the safety of commercial space transportation industry property, and to protect national security and foreign policy interests of the United States • Provide a forum for the discussion of issues during commercial launch operations. The involving the relationship between industry Commercial Space Launch Act of 1984 and the and government requirements 1996 National Space Policy also direct the Federal Aviation Administration to encourage, • Make recommendations to the Administrator facilitate, and promote commercial launches. on issues and approaches for Federal policies and programs regarding the industry. The Commercial Space Transportation Advisory Committee (COMSTAC) provides Additional information concerning AST and information, advice, and recommendations to the COMSTAC can be found on AST’s web site, at Administrator of the Federal Aviation http://ast.faa.gov. -
5 Orbit and Ground Track of a Satellite
5 Orbit and Ground Track of a Satellite 5.1 Position of the Satellite on its Orbit Let (O; x, y, z) be the Galilean reference frame already defined. The satellite S is in an elliptical orbit around the centre of attraction O. The orbital plane P makes a constant angle i with the equatorial plane E. However, although this plane P is considered as fixed relative to in the Keplerian motion, in a real (perturbed) motion, it will in fact rotate about the polar axis. This is precessional motion,1 occurring with angular speed Ω˙ , as calculated in the last two chapters. A schematic representation of this motion is given in Fig. 5.1. We shall describe the position of S in using the Euler angles. 5.1.1 Position of the Satellite The three Euler angles ψ, θ and χ were introduced in Sect. 2.3.2 to specify the orbit and its perigee in space. In the present case, we wish to specify S. We obtain the correspondence between the Euler angles and the orbital elements using Fig. 2.1: ψ = Ω, (5.1) θ = i, (5.2) χ = ω + v. (5.3) Although they are fixed for the Keplerian orbit, the angles Ω, ω and M − nt vary in time for a real orbit. The inclination i remains constant, however. The distance from S to the centre of attraction O is given by (1.41), expressed in terms of the true anomaly v : a(1 − e2) r = . (5.4) 1+e cos v 1 The word ‘precession’, meaning ‘the action of preceding’, was coined by Coper- nicus around 1530 (præcessio in Latin) to speak about the precession of the equinoxes, i.e., the retrograde motion of the equinoctial points. -
Civilian Space Policy and Applications .—————
Chapter 7 INTERNATIONAL EFFORTS IN SPACE Contents Page Introduction . 175 Soviet Union... 204 Communications . 205 European Space Agency and joint European Remote Sensing. 206 Efforts . 176 Materials Processing . 207 Policy and Budget . 177 Launch Vehicles and Manned Current and Projected Applications Operations . 207 Programs . 177 Cooperation and Competition With Communications . 177 Other Countries . 208 Remote Sensing . 179 People’s Republic of China . 209 Materials Processing . 179 India . 211 Launch Vehicles . 181 Future Plans . 185 Other Space programs . 212 Cooperation/Competition With the Canada . 212 United States . 185 Brazil . 213 Cooperation . 185 Domestic/Regional Communications Competition . 186 Systems . 213 European National Programs . 187 Remote Sensing in Developing Countries 214 France . 187 Current Applications Programs . 188 West Germany . 192 Applications Programs . 192 LIST OF TABLES Great Britain . 194 Table No. Page Organization and Funding . 195 17. Contributions of Member States to the Current Applications Programs . 195 Principai ESA Programsin 1981 . 178 Italy . 196. 18. Capacity ofAriane and U.S. Launch Other European Programs . 196 Vehicles . 181 Japan . 197 19. Total Successful Orbital Launches . 204 Organization and Policy . 197 Current and Projected Applications Programs . 198 LIST OF FIGURES Communications . 198 Figure No. Page Remote Sensing. 201 11. Organizational Structure of the Materials Processing . 201 European Space Agency . .. 176 Launch Vehicles . 202 12. Schematic Chart of National Organization ‘Cooperation/Competition With the for Space Activities . 199 United States . 203 13. Japanese Budget for Space Activities. 200 Non-Western Space Programs: Soviet Union, 14. Current and Probable Landsat People’s Republic of China, India . 204 Ground Stations . 215 Chapter 7 INTERNATIONAL EFFORTS IN SPACE INTRODUCTION The shape, direction, and very existence of the tiveness vis-a-vis commercial rivals, particularly U.S. -
General Assembly Distr.: General 17 December 1999
United Nations A/AC.105/734 General Assembly Distr.: General 17 December 1999 Original: English Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space Disposal of satellites in geosynchronous orbit Report by the Secretariat Contents Paragraphs Page I. Introduction ....................................................... 1-2 2 II. Standards and recommendations on geosynchonous satellite disposal ........ 3-8 2 III. Examples of the GSO disposal policy .................................. 9-15 3 A. Intelsat....................................................... 10 3 B. Canadian Space Agency ......................................... 11-12 4 C. Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales................................ 13 4 D. European Space Agency ........................................ 14 4 E. EUMETSAT.................................................. 15 4 IV. Situation near the geostationary orbit................................... 16-20 4 V. Conclusions ....................................................... 21 5 Annex. Statistical data....................................................................... 6 V.99-91115 (E) A/AC.105/734 I. Introduction (b) Every reasonable effort should be made to shorten the lifetime of debris in the transfer orbit; 1. At its forty-second session, the Committee on the (c) A geostationary satellite at the end of its life Peaceful Uses of Outer Space agreed1 that the Scientific should be transferred, before complete exhaustion of its and Technical Subcommittee, at its thirty-seventh session, propellant, to a supersynchronous -
5. Space Insurance
Mémoire présenté devant le Centre d’Etudes Actuarielles pour l’obtention du diplôme du Centre d’Etudes Actuarielles et l’admission à l’Institut des Actuaires le : 27 Janvier 2012 Par : Jean-François GAUCHE Titre : SPACE RISKS ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Confidentialité : NON OUI (Durée : 1an 2 ans) Les signataires s’engagent à respecter la confidentialité indiquée ci-dessus Membre présent du jury de signature Entreprise : l’Institut des Actuaires : Nom : ______________________________ ________________________ Signature : Membres présents du jury du Directeur de mémoire en entreprise : Centre d’Etudes Actuarielles : Thomas BEHAR Nom : ______________________________ Signature : Vincent DAMAS Invité : Gérard CROSET Arnaud COHEN Nom : ______________________________ Signature : Jean-Pierre DIAZ Brigitte DUBUS Paul ESMEIN Autorisation de publication et de Michel FROMENTEAU mise en ligne sur un site de Stéphane MENART diffusion de documents actuariels (après expiration de l’éventuel délai de Christophe IZART confidentialité) Pierre PETAUTON Signature du responsable entreprise Florence PICARD Olivier LOPEZ Secrétariat : Signature du candidat Bibliothèque : 4 rue Chauveau Lagarde 75008 Paris Tél. : 01 44 51 72 72 / Fax : 01 44 51 72 73 MMéémmooiirree AAccttuuaarriiaatt SSppaaccee RRiisskkss Jean-François Gauché Centre d’Etude Décembre 2011 Actuarielle Forewords The present paper is the final work to validate the graduation of actuary studies in the “Centre d’Etude Actuarielle”. The purpose of this work is to analyze the space business environment with an actuary angle in order to find solutions to manage efficiently the underlying space risks. This is an attempt to formalize the business practices with statistics and mathematical models. The main outcome is to calculate the “cost of risk” in the space sector.