DOCSLIB.ORG

General Disclaimer One Or More of the Following Statements May Affect

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
General Disclaimer One Or More of the Following Statements May Affect General Disclaimer One or more of the Following Statements may affect this Document This document has been reproduced from the best copy furnished by the organizational source. It is being released in the interest of making available as much information as possible. This document may contain data, which exceeds the sheet parameters. It was furnished in this condition by the organizational source and is the best copy available. This document may contain tone-on-tone or color graphs, charts and/or pictures, which have been reproduced in black and white. This document is paginated as submitted by the original source. Portions of this document are not fully legible due to the historical nature of some of the material. However, it is the best reproduction available from the original submission. Produced by the NASA Center for Aerospace Information (CASI) sr° NASA CR-188270 Com 21.384-T8 (NASA —CR-168270) STUDY TO FORECAST AND N84-16426 DETERMINE CHARAC.:ERISTICS OF WORLD SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS MARKET (Communimetrics, Inc.) 112 p HC A06/MF A01 CSCL 17B Unclas G3/32 18151 WORLD COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITE MARKET CHARACTERISTICS AND FORECAST 3 by R. Filep, A. Schnaps', and S. Fordyce COMMUNICATIONS 21 CORPORATION r: f ^ prepared for Li NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION N ^ dp NASA Lewis Research Center Y Contract NAS 3.23782 r^ 1 W A p \+l i 1. Report No ^Government Access¢n No 3. Retapient's Catalog No CR 168270 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Study to forecast and determine characteristics of World November, 1903 Satellite Communications market 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) B. Performing Organization Report No Dr. Robert T. Filep, Abraham Schnapf and Samuel 11. Fordyce _ 10. Work Unit No 9. Performing Organization Name and Address Communications 21 Corporation 11. Contract or Grant No Suite 206 WAS +-23782 1611 South Pacific Coast Highway Redondo Beath, CA 90277 13. Type of Report and Period Covered 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address Contractor Report NASA - Lewis Research Center 21000 Brookpark Road 14. Sponsoring Agency Code Cleveland, Oil 44135 15. Supplementary Notes Project Manager, David Namkoong, Communications Section, NASA Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, Volumes, 1 16. Abstract The project focused upon the world commercial communications satellite market during the spring and summer of 1983 and developed characteristics and forecasts of the market extending to the year 2000. Past, present and planned satellites were documented in relation to frequencies, procurement and launch date:'•, costs, transponders, and prime contractor. Characteristics of the market were outlined for the periods 1965 - 1985, 1986 - 1989, and 1990 - It>r 2000. Market share forecasts, discussions of potential competitors in various world markets, and profiles of major communiration satellite manufacturing and user countries are dorumented. 6, ORIGINAL PAGE 9Z OF POOR QUALR 17. Key Words (Suggested by Author(s) I la. Distribution Statement Communication Satellites, World Market Forecast Frequency Bands, Satellite characteristics, Unclassified Expenditure levels, National communication satellite activies. 19. Security Classif. (of this report) 20. Security Classif, (of this Pagel No. of 21.Pages 22. Price' Unclassified Unclassified 112 For sale by the Na.ional Technical Information Service, Spnnglleld. Virginia 22161 Itn-- NASA-C-168 (Rev. 10.75) r ' .t WORLD COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITE MARKET CHARACTERISTICS AND FORECAST TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTERS Page I. SUMMARY 1 '. II. INTRODUCTION 5 Project Objectives 5 Documentation and Analysis Periods 6 Organizations 7 ,. Major Communication Satellite Countries 9 ` III. WORLDWIDE COMMUNICATION SATELLITE ACTIVITIES 11 E? THROUGH 1985 '.I Estimated Worldwide Investment 11 Expenditure by Frequency Band 11 Satellites Launched by Frequency Band 11 ' Satellite Market Share by Frequency Band 15 IV. PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE COMMUNICATION 17 SATELLITES V. FORECAST OF ACTIVITIES FROM 1986 to 1989 35 f` Estimated Worldwide Investment 35 Expenditure by Frequency Band 35 Satellites Launched by Frequency Band 35 Satellite Market Share by Frequency Band 35 VI, FORECAST OF ACTIVITIES FROM 1990 to 2000 41 Estimated Wo-ldwide Investment 41 Expenditure by Frequency Band 41 Satellites Launched by Frequency Band 44 Satellite Market Share by Frequency Band 44 Z VII. PROFILES OF MAJOR COUNTRIES INVOLVED IN SATELLITE 49 ENDEAVORS g`I 1. Introduction 49 a 2. Europe as a Major Center of Activity 50 i France 54 WT- 55 TTcom 1 57 Thompson CSF 58 D V 'at 59 i &I ORIGINAL PAGE IB OF POOR QUALITY TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) CHAPTERS Page Germany 61 United'ted Kin dom 63 e 65 keN therlands 67 +'nSpat 68 Sweden 68 oV^rwa - 70 3, Middle East 71 4. Australia 71 5. Asia/South and East 72 Indonesia 72 India 72 People's Republic of China 74 6. Asia/Japan 75 Introduction 75 T a na s Tncl-ustries Role in Space 78 escrt tion of a an s ommuntcation Satellites 83 Overview of Expenditures for Space 86 uture apanese pace rograms 89 7. North America/Canada 92 VIII MARKET SHARE CAPTURE 95 IX. SOME SCENARIOS THAT COULD ALTER SATELLITE 103 MARKET PROJECTIONS APPENDIX 107 A. Assaying Commercial Communication Satellite Costs 107 B. The French Space Budget (1981-1983) 110 SELECTED REFERENCES 111 ^I F --- — __ - - FIGURES FIGURE Page(s) 1. Estimated Worldwide Investment in Commercial 12 Communication Satellites 1965 - 1985 2. Expenditures for Communication Satellites 13 • By Frequency 1965 - 1985 3. Satellites Launched or Planned in Various 14 Frequency Bands 1965 - 1985 ' 4. Satellite Market Share by Frequency 16 Bands 1965 - 1985 ? 5. Estimated Worldwide Investment in Commercial 36 Communication Satellites 1986 - 1989 6. Planned Expenditures for Communication Satellites 37 By Frequency Band 1986 - 1989 p 7. Satellites Planned in Various Frequency 38 i Bands 1986 - 2000 8. Satellite Market Share by Frequency Bands 40 1=i 1986 - 1989 f. 9. Planned Worldwide Investment in Commercial 42 Communication Satellites 1990 - 2000 10. Planned Expenditures for Communication Satellites 43 By Frequency Band 1990 - 2000 11. Satellites Planned in Various Frequency Bands 45 1990 - 2000 .I 12. Satellite Market Share by Frequency Bands 46 1990 - 2000 it 13. Actual and Planned Expenditures for Communication 47 Satellites by Frequency Band 1965 - 2000 O' TABLES TABLE Page(s) • I Past, Present and Future Commercial 19-34 • Satellites (As of September 1, 1983) 1. Japanese Budget for Space Activities 80 ,t.. 2. NASDA Application Satellites 81 3. Japan's Communication Satellite Evolution 82 i 4. Japanese Space Programs Domestic Versus 88 Foreign Fabrication b. Japanese INTELSAT Contracts 88 6. Cost of Japanese Space Programs 90 7. "Estimated No." of Satellites of 96 Undetermined Market 1986 - 2000 8. "Estimated No." of Satellite Sales by Export 97 Region 1986 - 2000 9. Satellites Scheduled: Estimated New and 99 Replacement 1984 - 2000 10. INTELSAT IV - Subcontractors 100 11. INTELSAT V - Subcontractors 101 12. INTELSAT VI - Subcontractors 101 Appendix B The French Space Budget (1981-1983) 110 iv 0• I. SUMMARY PROJECT OBJECTIVES The overall objective of the project is to describe and forecast characteristics of the world communications satellite market u V2 to the year 2000. The specific project tasks are: 1. Document Events To Date Task 1 identifies the communications satellites operating worldwide and tabulates the quantifiable data that exist in the historical files regarding each satellite. Data include procurement and launch dates, fixed service bands (C, Ku, and Ka), DBS bands, other advanced fre- quencies, satellite prime contractor, and satellite cost whenever available. If actual costs are not available, reliable estimates are provided. 2. Market Forecast Task 2 develops a forecast of the worldwide commercial communica- Y a tions satellite market for the period up to 1990 and the period up to M M 2000. This forecast: r a) Includes expenditures for the total communications satellite systems by frequency band types (C, Ku, Ka, DBS bands, and advanced frequencies). i b) Estimates the portion of the above expenditures that are t 1r expected to be provided by the manufacturers within the 9i.. country originating the system (domestic), and the portion h:. expected to be supplied by foreign manufacturers. is -1- ' J J O' c) Documents present and potential future suppliers of communica- tions satellite systems by frequency band types and services, k both U.S. and foreign. 3. Forecast Potential Competitors Using the data from Task 2, Task 3 estimates the market share of each of the potential competitors in the world communications satellite market according to frequency band types and according to whether the supplier is domestic or foreign. The past and planned expenditures for communication satellites commencing in 1965 and extending to the year 2000 are estimated to be 19 billion 266 million dollars. A potential 409 commercial communication satellite launches will have been recorded during the thirty-five year period. During the first third of time reported upon, two nations the United States and Canada, and the international organization INTELSAT, were the primary entities involved in the procurement and utilization of communication satellites. By the 1990's twenty countries and eight regional organizations will be participating as owners or operators of communications satellites. Patterns of use of various frequency bands for transmission from communication satellites, in the period to 1985 show that the four billion expended for satellites was primarily for C-band or single frequency capacity. Forecasts for the duration after 1990 reflect planned expenditures for spacecraft of eight and one-half billion dollars with multiple frequency capacity such as C/Ku band accounting for almost sixty percent of the total. The advent of the 80's was direct-broadcast satellite use in the Ku-band. This commercial service continues to be seen as expanding. Approximately one-fifth of the planned expenditures after 1985 are for this type of satellite. f•.:' -'? A detailed table is provided of all the past, present, and pro- jected satellites from 1965 to 2000.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • CONGRESS of the INTERNATIONAL ASTRONAUTICAL FEDERATION BUDAPEST HUNGARY 10-15 OCTOBER 1983 M M XXXIV CONGRESS of the INTERNATIONAL ASTRONAUTICAL FEDERATION
    INIS-jnf—8969 BUDAPLCi <*» CONGRESS OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASTRONAUTICAL FEDERATION BUDAPEST HUNGARY 10-15 OCTOBER 1983 m m XXXIV CONGRESS OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASTRONAUTICAL FEDERATION ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS BUDAPEST, HUMGABr Oct. 10-15, FOREWORD Abstracts included in this book art ordered according to the IAF nuuber assigned to each paper eooepted for presentation at XZZI? IAP Congress. Experience hae shown that the chosen arrangement is the nost conrenient one and allows the easiest access to the abstraots. The IA? paper nuBber can be found in the Final Programe of the Congress under: - the Technical Session,wbere the paper is presented - the author's name, listed at the end of the Programe. The Abstracts of the Student Conference and of Space Law Colloquium are at the end of this book. Abstracts of papers arriTed later than August 1st are not included in thie collection. ftingarian Astronautieal Society - 2 - IAr-83~O1 EXOSAT/DELTA - DEMONSTRATED SHORT-TERM BACKUP LAUIfCHER CAPABILITY THROUGH INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION by J. K. Oanoung, Manager, Spacecraft Integration, Delta Program McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Company G. Altnann, EXOSAT Project Manager, European Space Agency P. Eaton, Chief, Expendable Launch Vehicle Programs National Aeronautics and Space Administration J. D. Kraft, Delta Mission Analysis and Integration Manager, National Aeronautics and Space Administration ABSTRACT An important exploration of eosnie x-ray sources currently under wey Wan made possible by a unique example of international cooperation. The EXOSAT spacecraft, designed, developed, qualified, and prepared for launch by the European Space Agency (ESA), was successfully launched by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Delta launch vehicle in May 1983* EXOSAT was originally scheduled for launch on the European Ariane rocket, but due to unforeseen schedule realignments, ESA, in cooperation with NASA, selected the Delta for this mission in February 1983.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Artificial Satellites Launched in 1989
    This electronic version (PDF) was scanned by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Library & Archives Service from an original paper document in the ITU Library & Archives collections. La présente version électronique (PDF) a été numérisée par le Service de la bibliothèque et des archives de l'Union internationale des télécommunications (UIT) à partir d'un document papier original des collections de ce service. Esta versión electrónica (PDF) ha sido escaneada por el Servicio de Biblioteca y Archivos de la Unión Internacional de Telecomunicaciones (UIT) a partir de un documento impreso original de las colecciones del Servicio de Biblioteca y Archivos de la UIT. (ITU) ﻟﻼﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻻﺗﺤﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﻔﻮﻇﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺃﺟﺮﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺴﺢ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻧﺘﺎﺝ (PDF) ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ .ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﻔﻮﻇﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻗﺴﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﻓﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺃﺻﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﺛﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻼ ً◌ 此电子版（PDF版本）由国际电信联盟（ITU）图书馆和档案室利用存于该处的纸质文件扫描提供。 Настоящий электронный вариант (PDF) был подготовлен в библиотечно-архивной службе Международного союза электросвязи путем сканирования исходного документа в бумажной форме из библиотечно-архивной службы МСЭ. © International Telecommunication Union Settling in. Traveling a t2 3 /0 0 0 miles perhour, Europe’s In less than a decade, Europe’s ambitious manned orbiter Hermes will auickly leave agenda in space is scheduled to become a the coast of Somalia in its wake. And head reality. Alcatel Espace looks forward to work­ into the sixteenth sunset of the day. ing with the European Space Agency, and Just over the horizon, a rendezvous awaits. partners like NASA ana CNES, to make the The Columbus Attached Module, an inhabit­ process of settling in a little easier. ed scientific platform moored to America’s Our contribution? Earth-to-orbit transmis­ Space Station, prepares for a link-up.
    [Show full text]
  • International Cooperation and Competition in Civilian Space Activities
    International Cooperation and Competition in Civilian Space Activities June 1985 NTIS order #PB87-136842 Recommended Citation: International Cooperation and Competition in Civilian Space Activities (Washington, DC: U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, OTA-ISC-239, July 1985). Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 84-601087 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 Foreword The nature of global space activities has changed radically over the last decade. No longer are the United States and the Soviet Union the only countries capable of placing satellites into Earth orbit or sending interplanetary probes into deep space. Europe and Japan now have substantial space programs and have developed commercially competitive space systems. Several newly industrialized countries are well along in building their own space programs. In addition, the U.S. private sector has recently expanded its interest and investment in space technology. As this report makes clear, these changes have strong policy implications for the U.S. Government space program and for the U.S. private sector. This report presents the major findings of an assessment requested by the House Committee on Science and Technology and the Joint Economic Committee, on inter- national cooperation and competition in civilian space activities. The United States still enjoys a strong competitive position in most space technologies and in space science. There continues to be broad support for a long-term public commitment to civilian space activities. But precisely because of our achievements—and those of other space-far- ing nations—the number of opportunities (and associated costs) that lie before us re- quire a thoughtful articulation of space goals and objectives.
    [Show full text]
  • Daniel F.Hastings Assoc
    France and Japan in Space: Niche Market Players, with Evolving Assets and Roles by Damon R. Wells B.S., University of Oklahoma (1984) Submitted to the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN TECHNOLOGY AND POLICY at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY September 1991 @ Damon R. Wells, 1991. All rights reserved. The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and to distribute copies of this thesis document in whole or in part. Author......................:'...... ... ::............................. ........ Department of Aýetics and Astronautics August, 1991 Certified by ................................................ .................. ..... Leon Trilling Professor, Aeronautics and Astronautics Thesis Supervisor Certified by .......................... ... ... Os......... ... .. Daniel F.Hastings Assoc. Professor, Aeronautics and Astronautics Thesis Supervisor Accepted by...... * .......... .• ..... ;.•...... * .. -..-..'. ......... Prof. Richard de Neufville ,, Cqhajr anjTechnology and Policy Program A A. r1A.L.~j~L.~LL U)..... .U .. P6f: HUirold Y. Wachman Chairman, Departmental Graduate Committee SEP- 21 4 1991 Aam France and Japan in Space: Niche Market Players, with Evolving Assets and Roles by Damon R. Wells Submitted to the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics on August, 1991, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN TECHNOLOGY AND POLICY Abstract This thesis examines the nature, capabilities, and growth policies of the increasingly successful French and Japanese space programs, with an emphasis on their strate- gies for competing with the larger U.S. and Soviet programs. Toward that end, information and analyses are first presented with respect to the context and policy environment for the programs, including such issues as program structure, funding patterns, overall program goals, and the more general trends in each nation regard- ing high technology policies.
    [Show full text]
  • Civilian Space Policy and Applications .—————
    Chapter 7 INTERNATIONAL EFFORTS IN SPACE Contents Page Introduction . 175 Soviet Union... 204 Communications . 205 European Space Agency and joint European Remote Sensing. 206 Efforts . 176 Materials Processing . 207 Policy and Budget . 177 Launch Vehicles and Manned Current and Projected Applications Operations . 207 Programs . 177 Cooperation and Competition With Communications . 177 Other Countries . 208 Remote Sensing . 179 People’s Republic of China . 209 Materials Processing . 179 India . 211 Launch Vehicles . 181 Future Plans . 185 Other Space programs . 212 Cooperation/Competition With the Canada . 212 United States . 185 Brazil . 213 Cooperation . 185 Domestic/Regional Communications Competition . 186 Systems . 213 European National Programs . 187 Remote Sensing in Developing Countries 214 France . 187 Current Applications Programs . 188 West Germany . 192 Applications Programs . 192 LIST OF TABLES Great Britain . 194 Table No. Page Organization and Funding . 195 17. Contributions of Member States to the Current Applications Programs . 195 Principai ESA Programsin 1981 . 178 Italy . 196. 18. Capacity ofAriane and U.S. Launch Other European Programs . 196 Vehicles . 181 Japan . 197 19. Total Successful Orbital Launches . 204 Organization and Policy . 197 Current and Projected Applications Programs . 198 LIST OF FIGURES Communications . 198 Figure No. Page Remote Sensing. 201 11. Organizational Structure of the Materials Processing . 201 European Space Agency . .. 176 Launch Vehicles . 202 12. Schematic Chart of National Organization ‘Cooperation/Competition With the for Space Activities . 199 United States . 203 13. Japanese Budget for Space Activities. 200 Non-Western Space Programs: Soviet Union, 14. Current and Probable Landsat People’s Republic of China, India . 204 Ground Stations . 215 Chapter 7 INTERNATIONAL EFFORTS IN SPACE INTRODUCTION The shape, direction, and very existence of the tiveness vis-a-vis commercial rivals, particularly U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • CLASSIFICATION of GEOSYNCHRONOUS OBJECTS ISSUE 13 Produced with the DISCOS Database
    EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY EUROPEAN SPACE OPERATIONS CENTRE GROUND SYSTEMS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Space Debris Office GEN-DB-LOG-00074-OPS-GR CLASSIFICATION OF GEOSYNCHRONOUS OBJECTS ISSUE 13 by T. Flohrer, R. Choc, and B. Bastida Produced with the DISCOS Database February 2011 ESOC Robert-Bosch-Str. 5, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany 3 Abstract This is a status report on geosynchronous objects as of the end of 2010. Based on orbital data in ESA’s DISCOS database and on orbital data provided by KIAM the situation near the geostationary ring (here defined as orbits with mean motion between 0.9 and 1.1 revolutions per day, eccentricity smaller than 0.2 and inclination below 30 deg) is analysed. From 1202 objects for which orbital data are available, 397 are controlled inside their longitude slots, 622 are drifting above, below or through GEO, 172 are in a libration orbit and 11 whose status could not be determined. Fur- thermore, there are 72 uncontrolled objects without orbital data (of which 66 have not been catalogued). Thus the total number of known objects in the geostationary region is 1274. During 2010 at least sixteen spacecraft reached end-of-life. Eleven of them were reorbited following the IADC recommendations, of which one spacecraft was reorbited with a perigee of 241 km - it is not yet clear if it will enter the 200-km protected zone around GEO or not -, four spacecraft were reorbited too low and at least one spacecraft did not or could not make any reorbiting manouevre at all and is now librating inside the geostationary ring.
    [Show full text]
  • Spain in Space A
    HSR-26 August 2002 Spain in Space A short history of Spanish activity in the space sector by José M. Dorado, Manuel Bautista and Pedro Sanz-Aránguez, Drs. IA a ii Short Title: Spain in Space Published by: ESA Publications Division ESTEC, PO Box 299 2200 AG Noordwijk The Netherlands Editor: R.A. Harris Price: €10 ISSN: 1683-4704 ISBN: 92-9092-534-5 Copyright:© 2002 The European Space Agency Printed in: The Netherlands iii Contents 1 Introduction .....................................................................................................................1 1.1 Origins, Development and Future....................................................................................1 2 Collaboration with NASA..........................................................................................3 2.1 The Seminar on Space Science and Technology (1960)................................................3 2.2 The Maspalomas Station (1960 – 1975)..........................................................................3 2.3 The Robledo de Chavela Station (1964 – 2001 and later) .............................................4 2.4 The Arenosillo Launch Range (from 1966) ....................................................................5 2.5 The Cebreros Station (1966 – 1983)................................................................................5 2.6 The Fresnedillas Station (1967 – 1985)...........................................................................6 2.7 Intasat (1974 – 1976)........................................................................................................6
    [Show full text]
  • Technical and Economic Feasibility of Telerobotic On-Orbit Satellite Servicing
    ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF TELEROBOTIC ON-ORBIT SATELLITE SERVICING Brook Rowland Sullivan, Doctor of Philosophy, 2005 Dissertation directed by: Professor David L. Akin Department of Aerospace Engineering Space Systems Laboratory University of Maryland The aim of this research is to devise an improved method for evaluating the techni- cal and economic feasibility of telerobotic on-orbit satellite servicing scenarios. Past, present, and future telerobotic on-orbit servicing systems and their key capabilities are examined. Previous technical and economic analyses of satellite servicing are re- viewed and evaluated. The standard method employed by previous feasibility studies is extended, developing a new servicing decision approach incorporating operational uncertainties (launch, docking, et cetera). Comprehensive databases of satellite char- acteristics and on-orbit failures are developed to provide input to the expected value evaluation of the servicing versus no-servicing decision. Past satellite failures are re- viewed and analyzed, including the economic impact of those satellite failures. Oppor- tunities for spacecraft life extension are also determined. Servicing markets of various types are identified and detailed using the results of the database analysis and the new, expected-value-based servicing feasibility method. This expected value market assessment provides a standard basis for satellite servicing decision-making for any proposed servicing architecture. Finally, the method is demonstrated by evaluating a proposed small, lightweight servicer providing retirement services for geosynchronous spacecraft. An additional benefit of the method is that it enables parametric analysis of the sensitivity of economic viability to the probability of docking success, thus establishing a threshold for that critical value.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Artificial Satellites Launched in 1988
    This electronic version (PDF) was scanned by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Library & Archives Service from an original paper document in the ITU Library & Archives collections. La présente version électronique (PDF) a été numérisée par le Service de la bibliothèque et des archives de l'Union internationale des télécommunications (UIT) à partir d'un document papier original des collections de ce service. Esta versión electrónica (PDF) ha sido escaneada por el Servicio de Biblioteca y Archivos de la Unión Internacional de Telecomunicaciones (UIT) a partir de un documento impreso original de las colecciones del Servicio de Biblioteca y Archivos de la UIT. (ITU) ﻟﻼﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﻻﺗﺤﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﻔﻮﻇﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺃﺟﺮﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺴﺢ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻧﺘﺎﺝ (PDF) ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ .ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺤﻔﻮﻇﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻗﺴﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﻓﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺃﺻﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﺛﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻼ ً◌ 此电子版（PDF版本）由国际电信联盟（ITU）图书馆和档案室利用存于该处的纸质文件扫描提供。 Настоящий электронный вариант (PDF) был подготовлен в библиотечно-архивной службе Международного союза электросвязи путем сканирования исходного документа в бумажной форме из библиотечно-архивной службы МСЭ. © International Telecommunication Union W Table of artificial satellites / launched in 1988 This list includes all artificial satellites launched in 1988. It was prepared from information provided by telecommunication administrations of ITU Member countries, the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR), national space research organizations, the International Frequency Registration Board (IFRB) of the ITU, and from details published in the
    [Show full text]
  • Secretariat Distr.: General 2 March 2004
    United Nations ST/SG/SER.E/445 Secretariat Distr.: General 2 March 2004 English Original: French Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space Information furnished in conformity with the Convention on Registration of Objects Launched into Outer Space Note verbale dated 28 January 2004 from the Permanent Mission of France to the United Nations (Vienna) addressed to the Secretary-General The Permanent Mission of France to the United Nations (Vienna) presents its compliments to the Secretary-General of the United Nations and, in accordance with article IV of the Convention on Registration of Objects Launched into Outer Space (General Assembly resolution 3235 (XXIX), annex), has the honour to submit information on space objects launched by France in the period from 1965 to 2003 (see annex). The information supersedes registration data previously submitted by France. V.04-51402 (E) 050504 060504 *0451402* ST/SG/SER.E/445 2 Annex Data on space objects registered by France, 1965-2003 Table 1 Data on space objects registered by France, 1965-1978 Basic orbital characteristics Nodal Registration Type of period Inclination Apogee Perigee number Date of launch Launch site launcher (minutes) (degrees) (km) (km) General function of space object 1965 1965 096 A 26 Nov. 1965 Hammaguir, Algeria Diamant 99 59.7 797 663 A1 experimental satellite 1965 096 B 26 Nov. 1965 Hammaguir, Algeria Diamant 105 34.3 1 479 516 Diamant launcher stage 1965 096 C 26 Nov. 1965 Hammaguir, Algeria Diamant 97 34.3 787 453 Non-functional launcher elements 1965 096 D 26 Nov. 1965 Hammaguir, Algeria Diamant 95 34.2 619 425 Non-functional launcher elements 1966 1966 013 A 17 Feb.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to the Herbert Stephen Desind Collection, 1950-1992
    Guide to the Herbert Stephen Desind Collection, 1950-1992 Brian D. Nicklas 2003 National Air and Space Museum Archives 14390 Air & Space Museum Parkway Chantilly, VA 20151 [email protected] https://airandspace.si.edu/archives Table of Contents Collection Overview ........................................................................................................ 1 Administrative Information .............................................................................................. 1 Arrangement..................................................................................................................... 3 Biographical / Historical.................................................................................................... 2 Scope and Contents........................................................................................................ 3 Names and Subjects ...................................................................................................... 3 Container Listing ............................................................................................................. 4 Series 1: Unmanned Space Programs, undated..................................................... 4 Series 2: Manned Space Programs, undated...................................................... 398 Series 3: Aircraft, undated................................................................................... 523 Series 4: Countries, undated................................................................................ 599 Series
    [Show full text]
  • Communications Satellites Looking at the Earth 76
    * Communications satellites Looking at the Earth 76 time learning outcomes materials needed 50 minutes To: • 1 drawing compass • know different ways of • 12 protractors communicating with people • A2 paper around the world • 24 atlases • know the purpose of a communications satellite • know why there are a large number of communications satellites at certain locations around the world end product • a chart showing the location of a number of communications satellites around the world Preparation For the activity Can you see the satellites? the children need to know what a meridian is (see lesson 65). For this activity copy the circle from the worksheet onto a sheet of A2 paper and display it at the front of the class. How do you communicate? 10 min. Who knows what communication is? Ask the children how they communicate with their friends. Do they use a mobile phone to talk or text? Or talk or chat via the internet? What makes these forms of communication possible? Does anyone know what a satellite is? Explain that satellites orbit the Earth. One type of satellite is the communications satellite. This is a satellite that transfers information from one place to another. The information comes from telephones, radio, television, and internet. Many of these communication satel- lites travel in a geostationary orbit around the Earth. This means that the satel- lite travels at the same speed as the Earth turns, so it stays in the same position relative to the Earth. The children investigate which areas have many communications satellites overhead. PAGE 483 • Looking at the Earth • LESSON 76 Can you see the satellites? 25 min.
    [Show full text]