Hume Region Health Status

Home , Grampians (region), Hume (region), Shire of Mansfield, Shire of Strathbogie

Hume Region health status

Summary profile

Published by the Modelling, GIS and Planning Products Unit Victorian Government Department of Health, Melbourne Victoria. December 2010 © Copyright State of Victoria, 2010 This publication is copyright. No part may be reproduced by any process except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. Authorised by the State Government of Victoria, 50 Lonsdale Street, Melbourne.

ii Contents

Key demographic trends 1

Population projections 1 Table 1: Current and projected resident population, 2009 and 2022 1 Table 2: Current and projected resident population aged 65 years and over, 2009 and 2022 1 Figure 1: Percentage change in resident population from 2009 to 2022, Hume region, by LGA 2 How healthy are Hume residents? 3

Health outcomes 3 Table 3: Life expectancy at birth in Victoria, 2007 3 Table 4: Life expectancy at birth in Hume region LGAs, 2007 4 Table 5: Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY) rate per 1,000 population 4 Table 6: Years Life Lost (YLL) rate per 1,000 population 5 Behavioural determinants 6

Body Weight Status 6 Table 7: Body weight status, by sex and LGA, Hume region, 2008 6 Fruit and vegetable intake 7 Table 8: Daily vegetable consumption, Hume region by LGA, 2008 7 Table 9: Daily fruit consumption, Hume region by LGA, 2008 8 Table 10: Not meeting guidelines for consumption of fruit and/or vegetables, Hume region by LGA, 2008 9 Smoking 10 Table 11: Smoking status, Hume region by LGA, 2008 10 Physical activity 11 Table 12: Physical activity levels, Hume region by LGA, 2008 11 Table 13: No days of incidental physical activity, Hume region by LGA, 2008 12 Alcohol consumption 13 Table 14: Frequency of drinking alcohol at above short-term risk levels, Hume region by LGA, 2008# 13 Table 15: Did not consume alcohol at above long-term risk, Hume region by LGA, 2008# 14 Cancer screening 15 Table 16: Had a test to detect bowel cancer in the past two years, Hume region by LGA, 2008 15 Table 17: Had a Pap smear in the past two years, females aged 20-69 years, Hume region by LGA, 2008 16 Table 18: Had a mammogram in the past two years, females aged 50-69 years, Hume region by LGA, 2008 17 Major causes of disease and illness 18

Table 19: DALYs by major disease category for Hume region, 2001 18 Figure 2: Burden of disease (DALYs) attributable to risk factors in Hume region compared to Victoria, 2001 19 Health sector performance 20

Ambulatory care sensitive conditions 20 Table 20: Total ACSC, acute ACSC and chronic ACSC admission numbers, rates and average bed days, Victoria 2008-09 20 Table 21: Top ten ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs), Barwon-South Western region by LGA, 2008- 09 21 Immunisation rates 22

Table 22: Proportion of children fully immunised, by age and region in Victoria, September 2010 22 Table 23: Proportion of children fully immunised, Hume region by LGA, September 2010 22 Figure 3: Year 10 secondary school Boostrix percentage coverage rate by LGAs, 2009 23 How strong are Hume communities? 24

Social, economic and environmental determinants of health 24 Table 24: Proportion of unemployed persons, Victoria by region, 2009-10 24 Table 25: Proportion of unemployed persons, Hume region by LGA, 2009-10 24 Table 26: Indicators of income and socio-economic status, Hume region by LGA 25 Table 27: Recorded family incident reports, Hume region by LGA, 2009-10 25 Table 28: Social wellbeing and connectedness indicators by percent of population, Hume region by LGA, 2006 26 Table 28 continued: Social wellbeing and connectedness indicators by percent of population, Hume region by LGA, 2006 27 Reference 28

ii Key demographic trends

Population projections

Table 1: Current and projected resident population, 2009 and 2022 LGA 2009 2022 % change Alpine (S) 12,795 13,850 8.2 Benalla (RC) 14,208 15,201 7.0 Greater Shepparton (C) 62,368 69,535 11.5 Indigo (S) 15,945 17,379 9.0 Mansfield (S) 7,881 10,149 28.8 Mitchell (S) 34,119 49,954 46.4 Moira (S) 29,127 32,035 10.0 Murrindindi (S) 13,377 15,383 15.0 Strathbogie (S) 9,974 10,346 3.7 Towong (S) 6,340 6,083 -4.1 Wangaratta (RC) 28,663 29,818 4.0 Wodonga (RC) 35,733 42,573 19.1 Hume 271,196 312,306 15.2 Victoria 5,443,228 6,409,575 17.8 Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics [1] and Department of Planning and Community Development [2]

Table 2: Current and projected resident population aged 65 years and over, 2009 and 2022 LGA 2009 2022 % change Alpine (S) 2,622 3,977 51.7 Benalla (RC) 2,757 4,317 56.6 Greater Shepparton (C) 8,664 12,856 48.4 Indigo (S) 2,435 3,909 60.5 Mansfield (S) 1,294 2,360 82.4 Mitchell (S) 3,725 6,905 85.4 Moira (S) 5,892 8,184 38.9 Murrindindi (S) 2,396 3,671 53.2 Strathbogie (S) 2,319 3,252 40.2 Towong (S) 1,312 1,882 43.4 Wangaratta (RC) 5,091 6,821 34.0 Wodonga (RC) 3,999 6,547 63.7 Hume 42,550 64,682 52.0 Victoria 738,131 1,072,540 45.3 Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics [1] and Department of Planning and Community Development [2]

Figure 1: Percentage change in resident population from 2009 to 2022, Hume region, by LGA

85.4 90 82.4 80

70 63.7 60.5 56.6 60 51.7 53.2 48.4 46.4 50 43.4 38.9 40.2 40 34.0 28.8 30

Percentage 19.1 20 15.0 11.5 10.0 8.2 7.0 9.0 10 3.7 4.0 0 -10 -4.1

) C) (C) S) (S) C) R ( (S ( n l a di (R to eld (S) el n a i oir ogie (S) tt ndigo (S) sf tch M nga (RC) Alpine (S) nalla I n indi hb e ppar Mi rr Towong (S) ara B Ma u odo M She Strat ang W W ter rea G

All ages 65+

In percentage terms, the largest increase in population in Hume region is expected to be in the Shire of Mitchell. The population of Mitchell is projected to increase by 46.4 per cent from 2009 to 2022. The population aged 65 years and over, is projected to increase by 85.4 per cent in Mitchell, from 2009 to 2022. The second highest increase in aged population is 82.4 per cent in the Shire of Mansfield.

2 How healthy are Hume residents?

On a range of indicators people who live in Hume are less healthy than people who live in Melbourne metropolitan regions. Presented below are available data on health outcomes, behavioural determinants of health and indicators of performance of the health system.

Health outcomes On a range of indicators of health status, residents of the Hume region have poorer health than Victorian averages. Reported here are data on life expectancy and burden of disease. People living in the Hume region have lower life expectancies than people living in Melbourne metropolitan regions. Males are expected to live 1.0 years less than the Victorian life expectancy of 80.3 years. Females are expected to live 0.3 years less than Victorian women who have a life expectancy of 84.4 years.

Table 3: Life expectancy at birth in Victoria, 2007 Males Females

Region Lower Upper ∗ Lower Upper ∗ LE Sig LE Sig 95% CI 95% CI 95% CI 95% CI Barwon-S/W 79.4 78.7 80.0 L 84.0 83.4 84.5 Eastern 82.0 81.6 82.4 H 85.4 85.1 85.7 H Gippsland 78.1 77.3 78.9 L 84.0 83.3 84.7 Grampians 79.1 78.2 79.9 L 83.6 82.9 84.4 Hume 79.3 78.5 80.1 L 84.1 83.4 84.8 Loddon Mallee 78.6 77.9 79.4 L 83.4 82.8 84.1 L North and West 80.0 79.7 80.3 84.2 83.9 84.5 Southern 80.8 80.4 81.1 84.5 84.2 84.8 Victoria 80.3 80.1 80.5 84.4 84.2 84.6 LE = life expectancy, CI = confidence interval, Sig = significance (see footnotes) Source: Department of Health, 2010 [3]

∗ H= indicates a life expectancy at birth significantly higher than the Victorian average L= indicates a life expectancy at birth significantly lower than the Victorian average 3

Average life expectancy also varies within the Hume region with the lowest life expectancy experienced by residents of the Shire of Moira for males, and the Shire of Strathbogie for females, followed by the Shire of Indigo for males and Mitchell and Wangaratta for females.

Table 4: Life expectancy at birth in Hume region LGAs, 2007 Males Females

LGA Lower Upper ∗ Lower Upper ∗ LE Sig LE Sig 95% CI 95% CI 95% CI 95% CI Alpine (S) 78.5 76.9 80.0 84.8 83.6 85.9 Benalla (RC) 78.4 76.8 80.0 83.2 81.9 84.6 Greater Shepparton (C) 77.9 77.1 78.6 L 83.8 83.1 84.5 Indigo (S) 76.7 75.2 78.2 L 84.1 83.0 85.3 Mansfield (S) 78.2 76.0 80.4 84.0 82.1 86.0 Mitchell (S) 78.7 77.7 79.7 83.0 82.1 83.9 L Moira (S) 76.4 75.2 77.6 L 84.1 83.2 85.0 Murrindindi (S) 79.2 78.0 80.5 83.4 81.8 85.0 Strathbogie (S) 78.4 76.8 80.1 82.8 81.2 84.5 Towong (S) 78.6 76.3 80.8 83.4 81.8 85.1 Wangaratta (RC) 79.2 78.2 80.2 L 83.0 82.1 84.0 Wodonga (RC) 80.3 79.3 81.4 84.4 83.4 85.4 Hume 79.3 78.5 80.1 L 84.1 83.4 84.8 Victoria 80.3 80.1 80.5 84.4 84.2 84.6 LGA = local government area, LE = life expectancy, CI = confidence interval, Sig = significance (see footnotes) Source: Department of health, 2010 [3]

Residents of the Hume region have a higher rate of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY) lost due to all causes when compared with Victorian rates for males and females.

Table 5: Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY) rate per 1,000 population Region Males Females Gippsland (highest) 158.8 140.5 Grampians 155.2 137.1 Loddon Mallee 154.8 136.3 Hume 153.4 135.0 Barwon-South Western 144.8 128.5 Western metropolitan 142.8 128.3 Northern metropolitan 142.7 128.2 Southern metropolitan 138.0 126.3 Eastern metropolitan (lowest) 135.3 124.9 Victoria 143.0 129.1 Source: Department of Human Services, 2006, Burden of Disease [4]

∗ L= indicates a life expectancy at birth significantly lower than the Victorian average

4 Residents of the Hume region have higher rates of Years of Life lost due to all causes in comparison with the Victorian average and metropolitan regions. The rates for Hume males and females are significantly higher than for Victoria.

Table 6: Years Life Lost (YLL) rate per 1,000 population Males Females Region Status Status Rate ∗ Rate ∗ indicator indicator Gippsland (highest) 84.1 H 64.6 H Grampians 82.1 H 63.1 H Loddon Mallee 81.6 H 63.3 H Hume 80.9 H 61.5 H Barwon-South Western 73.1 H 57.8 H Northern metropolitan 70.2 L 55.4 L Western metropolitan 69.1 L 55.8 L Eastern metropolitan 65.9 L 56.5 L Southern metropolitan (lowest) 67.6 L 56.5 L Victoria 71.3 57.7 Source: Department of Human Services, 2006, Burden of disease [5]

∗ H= indicates rate higher than the Victorian average, reflecting poor health status L= indicates rate lower than the Victorian average, reflecting better health status 5

Behavioural determinants

Data on determinants of health can be categorised as behavioural or related to social, economic and environmental conditions. Behavioural determinants are presented here. Those related to social, economic and environmental conditions that are known to impact on health are presented in the section How strong are Hume communities?

Body Weight Status

Table 7: Body weight status1, by sex and LGA, Hume region, 2008 Males Females Overweight (25.0-29.9) Obese (≥30.0) Overweight (25.0-29.9) Obese (≥30.0) LGA Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper % % % % 95% CI 95% CI 95% CI 95% CI 95% CI 95% CI 95% CI 95% CI Alpine (S) 46.3 36.4 56.5 15.8 10.2 23.8 36.6(a) 30.5 43.1 15.4 11.5 20.3 Benalla (RC) 46.5 36.7 56.5 17.3 11.6 25.0 25.2 19.6 31.7 21.3 15.8 28.0 Greater Shepparton (C) 38.6 30.4 47.4 24.6(a) 18.4 32.1 20.1 15.8 25.1 22.3 16.8 29.0 Indigo (S) 36.9 29.9 44.5 16.2 10.9 23.4 26.2 19.9 33.7 21.6 16.0 28.6 Mansfield (S) 42.3 34.1 50.9 17.7 12.8 24.0 22.1 16.8 28.6 16.6 11.8 22.8 Mitchell (S) 42.5 34.8 50.7 19.1 13.7 25.9 27.7 22.3 33.8 23.5(a) 17.4 31.0 Moira (S) 57.1(a) 44.9 68.4 13.3 9.1 19.0 26.4 20.8 32.9 22.3(a) 17.2 28.4 Murrindindi (S) 52.5(a) 42.7 62.2 12.2 8.4 17.2 36.4(a) 28.2 45.6 13.6 9.4 19.2 Strathbogie (S) 40.8 32.0 50.3 24.1 17.3 32.5 33.5(a) 25.6 42.4 18.1 12.9 24.7 Towong (S) 42.2 35.0 49.9 25.8(a) 20.6 31.8 24.7 19.5 30.8 25.6(a) 20.0 32.1 Wangaratta (RC) 38.2 30.6 46.4 29.6(a) 20.9 40.2 29.3 22.4 37.2 20.9 16.5 26.3 Wodonga (RC) 43.6 35.1 52.5 19.2 14.1 25.7 25.3 20.3 31.0 21.9(a) 17.1 27.7 Hume region 42.4 39.1 45.8 21.6(a) 18.6 24.8 26.6 24.3 29.0 20.7(a) 18.7 22.8 Victoria 39.9 38.7 41.2 17.3 16.4 18.2 24.2 23.4 25.1 16.1 15.4 16.8 CI = confidence interval Source: Department of Health, 2010, Victorian Population Health Survey 2008 [6]

1 Determined by calculation of body mass index (BMI). (a) Estimates are (statistically) significantly above Victorian estimates. Data are age-standardised to the 2006 Victorian population.

6 Fruit and vegetable intake

Table 8: Daily vegetable consumption, Hume region by LGA, 2008 Serves# per day None 1-2 serves 3-4 serves 5 or more serves LGA Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper % % % % 95% CI 95% CI 95% CI 95% CI 95% CI 95% CI 95% CI 95% CI Alpine (S) 1.1*(b) 0.5 2.3 54.8 48.2 61.2 34.7 28.6 41.4 7.8 5.5 10.8 Benalla (RC) 2.9* 1.4 6.1 51.4 44.7 58.0 35.9(a) 29.8 42.5 9.1 6.5 12.5 Greater Shepparton (C) 5.9* 3.2 10.6 56.6 50.8 62.3 27.5 23.1 32.5 7.7 5.5 10.7 Indigo (S) 1.4*(b) 0.6 3.1 53.0 46.2 59.7 34.3 28.3 40.8 11.0 7.3 16.3 Mansfield (S) 3.1 1.2 8.1 53.6 46.6 60.5 33.7 26.6 41.8 9.2 6.1 13.7 Mitchell (S) 5.0 3.0 8.0 58.6 53.0 63.9 28.6 24.1 33.6 6.4 4.3 9.4 Moira (S) ** 51.8 45.0 58.6 36.5(a) 30.2 43.3 8.0 5.8 11.0 Murrindindi (S) 7.3* 3.1 16.1 50.8 43.8 57.7 31.0 25.4 37.3 10.5 7.7 14.3 Strathbogie (S) 1.7*(b) 0.8 3.3 53.6 46.5 60.6 36.1(a) 29.5 43.2 7.2 5.1 10.1 Towong (S) 1.1*(b) 0.4 2.9 51.8 45.0 58.6 36.0(a) 29.6 42.9 9.2 6.7 12.5 Wangaratta (RC) 3.3* 1.7 6.3 50.5 43.7 57.3 33.0 26.7 39.9 12.6(a) 9.0 17.5 Wodonga (RC) 7.6 4.9 11.5 57.5 52.2 62.7 24.4 20.5 28.8 9.1 6.6 12.4 Hume 4.5 3.4 5.8 54.7 52.5 56.9 30.7 28.7 32.7 8.8 7.8 9.8 Victoria 5.8 5.3 6.2 56.9 56.0 57.7 28.2 27.4 28.9 7.7 7.4 8.2 CI = confidence interval Source: Department of Health, 2010, Victorian Population Health Survey 2008 [6]

# A serve is half a cup of cooked vegetables or a cup of salad vegetables. (a) Estimates are (statistically) significantly above Victorian estimates. (b) Estimates are (statistically) significantly below Victorian estimates. * Estimate has a relative standard error of between 25 and 50 per cent and should be interpreted with caution. ** Estimate has a relative standard error of greater than 50 per cent and is not reported as it is unreliable for general use. Note that figures may not add to 100 per cent due to a proportion of ‘don’t know’ or ‘refused’ responses. Data are age-standardised to the 2006 Victorian population.

7 Table 9: Daily fruit consumption, Hume region by LGA, 2008 Serves^ per day None One serve Two or more serves LGA Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper % % % 95% CI 95% CI 95% CI 95% CI 95% CI 95% CI Alpine (S) 15.6 11.1 21.4 34.7 28.6 41.2 48.3 41.7 54.9 Benalla (RC) 10.3 7.1 14.8 37.1 31.1 43.5 51.9 45.5 58.3 Greater Shepparton (C) 19.4 14.4 25.7 33.8 28.4 39.6 44.0 38.7 49.4 Indigo (S) 18.5 13.0 25.5 31.9 26.0 38.5 49.0 42.0 56.1 Mansfield (S) 16.0 11.4 21.9 36.9 29.6 44.8 46.5 39.1 54.1 Mitchell (S) 16.5 12.6 21.3 33.5 28.5 39.0 49.7 44.1 55.4 Moira (S) 18.0 13.4 23.8 39.0 32.3 46.3 42.2 35.4 49.3 Murrindindi (S) 19.4 14.1 26.0 34.5 27.9 41.8 46.0 38.6 53.7 Strathbogie (S) 12.7 9.1 17.5 41.3 34.8 48.1 45.8 39.2 52.6 Towong (S) 12.4 8.3 18.2 35.0 29.1 41.3 51.7 44.7 58.6 Wangaratta (RC) 11.8 8.4 16.4 32.1 26.1 38.7 55.9 49.0 62.6 Wodonga (RC) 18.8 14.9 23.5 35.3 30.0 40.9 45.0 39.7 50.5 Hume 16.6 14.8 18.5 35.3 33.1 37.5 47.1 44.8 49.3 Victoria 14.3 13.7 14.9 36.1 35.3 37.0 48.6 47.8 49.5 CI = confidence interval Source: Department of Health, 2010, Victorian Population Health Survey 2008 [6]

^ ^A serve is one medium piece or two small pieces of fruit, or one cup of diced pieces. Note that figures may not add to 100 per cent due to a proportion of ‘don’t know’ or ‘refused’ responses. Data are age-standardised to the 2006 Victorian population.

8 Table 10: Not meeting guidelines# for consumption of fruit and/or vegetables, Hume region by LGA, 2008 Did not meet guidelines Fruit guidelines Vegetable guidelines Either fruit or vegetable guidelines LGA Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper % % % 95% CI 95% CI 95% CI 95% CI 95% CI 95% CI Alpine (S) 50.0 43.4 56.6 90.0 86.5 92.6 48.5 41.9 55.2 Benalla (RC) 47.5 41.2 54.0 89.9 86.4 92.6 45.0 38.6 51.5 Greater Shepparton (C) 54.8 49.3 60.2 89.1 85.8 91.7 53.9 48.4 59.4 Indigo (S) 50.5 43.4 57.6 88.2 82.9 92.0 46.6 39.7 53.6 Mansfield (S) 54.2 47.0 61.2 89.8 85.3 93.0 51.4 44.3 58.5 Mitchell (S) 50.5 45.0 56.0 91.0 87.1 93.7 48.4 42.8 54.0 Moira (S) 57.6 50.4 64.4 89.5 85.9 92.2 55.0 47.9 62.0 Murrindindi (S) 53.7 46.1 61.1 89.1 85.3 92.0 49.6 42.0 57.1 Strathbogie (S) 53.2 46.4 59.9 91.3 88.0 93.8 50.7 43.9 57.4 Towong (S) 46.9 40.1 53.9 88.1 84.3 91.1 44.9 38.1 51.9 Wangaratta (RC) 43.8 37.2 50.8 86.8 82.0 90.5 41.9 35.2 48.8 Wodonga (RC) 53.5 48.0 58.9 88.6 85.1 91.4 50.6 45.2 56.1 Hume 52.4 50.1 54.7 89.1 87.9 90.3 50.2 47.9 52.5 Victoria 50.5 49.6 51.3 90.0 89.5 90.4 48.2 47.3 49.1 CI = confidence interval Source: Department of Health, 2010, Victorian Population Health Survey 2008 [6]

# Based on national guidelines (National Health and Medical Research Council, 2003). Data are age-standardised to the 2006 Victorian population.

9 Smoking

Table 11: Smoking status‡, Hume region by LGA, 2008 Current smoker Ex-smoker Non-smoker LGA Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper % % % 95% CI 95% CI 95% CI 95% CI 95% CI 95% CI Alpine (S) 19.7 15.0 25.4 24.8 20.4 29.7 55.3 49.1 61.3 Benalla (RC) 17.4 13.3 22.5 24.5 20.1 29.4 58.0 52.4 63.4 Greater Shepparton (C) 25.4(a) 20.0 31.7 23.6 19.5 28.3 51.0 44.9 57.1 Indigo (S) 19.8 14.4 26.6 25.3 20.7 30.5 54.9 48.0 61.7 Mansfield (S) 24.0 18.6 30.4 29.7(a) 24.6 35.3 46.0(b) 40.0 52.2 Mitchell (S) 20.6 16.2 25.7 31.8(a) 27.1 36.8 47.3(b) 41.7 53.0 Moira (S) 27.1(a) 21.3 33.7 23.0 18.0 29.0 49.9 43.1 56.6 Murrindindi (S) 20.2 15.2 26.2 26.2 20.5 32.9 53.2 47.3 59.1 Strathbogie (S) 19.8 15.0 25.6 27.6 21.6 34.5 51.9 44.6 59.2 Towong (S) 17.4 13.2 22.4 23.8 19.1 29.3 58.4 52.3 64.2 Wangaratta (RC) 11.6(b) 8.3 16.0 24.0 19.9 28.7 63.5(a) 58.0 68.7 Wodonga (RC) 20.2 16.1 24.9 24.6 20.5 29.2 54.9 49.4 60.3 Hume 21.0 19.1 23.1 25.4 23.7 27.1 53.3(b) 51.0 55.5 Victoria 19.1 18.4 19.9 23.8 23.1 24.4 56.8 56.0 57.7 CI = confidence interval Source: Department of Health, 2010, Victorian Population Health Survey 2008 [6]

‡ A person who smokes daily or occasionally was categorised as a current smoker. (a) Estimates are (statistically) significantly above Victorian estimates. (b) Estimates are (statistically) significantly below Victorian estimates. Note that figures may not add to 100 per cent due to a proportion of ‘don’t know’ or ‘refused’ responses. Data are age-standardised to the 2006 Victorian population.

10 Physical activity

Table 12: Physical activity levels§, Hume region by LGA, 2008 Sedentary Insufficient time and/or sessions Sufficient time and sessions LGA Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper % % % 95% CI 95% CI 95% CI 95% CI 95% CI 95% CI Alpine (S) 5.0* 3.0 8.3 28.2 22.5 34.7 58.0 51.3 64.4 Benalla (RC) 4.3 2.7 6.8 24.4 19.8 29.7 61.9 56.3 67.2 Greater Shepparton (C) 2.8*(b) 1.7 4.7 24.1 18.7 30.4 63.3 56.9 69.2 Indigo (S) 3.8* 2.2 6.4 21.0 15.5 27.7 65.8 58.7 72.2 Mansfield (S) 2.9* 1.7 4.9 35.3(a) 30.0 40.9 53.5(b) 47.9 59.1 Mitchell (S) 5.1 3.5 7.3 25.1 19.7 31.4 62.2 55.8 68.2 Moira (S) 3.9 2.5 5.8 18.4(b) 14.5 23.1 69.6(a) 64.5 74.2 Murrindindi (S) 6.0 4.0 8.8 21.7 16.7 27.7 65.7 59.5 71.4 Strathbogie (S) 6.1 3.9 9.6 21.3 16.9 26.6 63.3 57.5 68.7 Towong (S) 6.5 4.2 9.9 21.6 17.1 26.9 65.3 59.5 70.6 Wangaratta (RC) 6.2 4.0 9.6 25.4 21.0 30.3 60.9 55.8 65.9 Wodonga (RC) 5.0* 3.0 8.3 28.2 22.5 34.7 58.0 51.3 64.4 Hume 4.8 4.1 5.7 25.4 23.5 27.4 61.3 59.1 63.4 Victoria 5.3 4.9 5.6 27.4 26.6 28.1 60.3 59.5 61.1 CI = confidence interval Source: Department of Health, 2010, Victorian Population Health Survey 2008 [6]

§ Based on national guidelines (Department of Health and Ageing, 1999) and excludes adults aged less than 19 years. * Estimate has a relative standard error between 25 and 50 per cent and should be interpreted with caution. (a) Estimates are (statistically) significantly above Victorian estimates. (b) Estimates are (statistically) significantly below Victorian estimates. Note that figures may not add to 100 per cent due to a proportion of ‘don’t know’ or ‘refused’ responses. Data are age-standardised to the 2006 Victorian population.

11 Table 13: No days of incidental physical activity**, Hume region by LGA, 2008 LGA % Lower 95% CI Upper 95% CI Alpine (S) 63.2 56.5 69.4 Benalla (RC) 63.9 58.2 69.2 Greater Shepparton (C) 68.1 61.1 74.4 Indigo (S) 59.6 52.5 66.4 Mansfield (S) 73.3(a) 67.9 78.1 Mitchell (S) 72.4(a) 65.5 78.3 Moira (S) 75.7(a) 68.6 81.7 Murrindindi (S) 69.4 61.9 76.0 Strathbogie (S) 71.2(a) 64.0 77.5 Towong (S) 59.3 52.5 65.8 Wangaratta (RC) 62.4 56.9 67.5 Wodonga (RC) 63.2 56.5 69.4 Hume 66.7(a) 64.4 68.8 Victoria 61.7 60.9 62.6 CI = confidence interval Source: Department of Health, 2010, Victorian Population Health Survey 2008 [6]

** Incidental physical activity involves physical activity in everyday activities to get from place to place (for example, to school, work, the shops or the train stop). The VPHS 2008 asked respondents about the number of days on which they walked or cycled for transport for trips talking longer than 10 minutes. (a) Estimates are (statistically) significantly above Victorian estimates. Data are age-standardised to the 2006 Victorian population.

12 Alcohol consumption

Table 14: Frequency of drinking alcohol at above short-term risk†† levels, Hume region by LGA, 2008# Risky or high risk ‡‡ §§ Low risk At least yearly At least monthly At least weekly Short-term risk LGA Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper % 95% 95% % 95% 95% % 95% 95% % 95% 95% % 95% 95% CI CI CI CI CI CI CI CI CI CI Alpine (S) 35.3 29.7 41.4 26.2 20.7 32.5 13.5 9.5 18.8 9.3 6.1 14.1 49.0 43.1 54.9 Benalla (RC) 33.6 28.5 39.1 19.1 15.1 23.8 11.9 8.2 17.0 12.1 8.3 17.5 43.2 37.3 49.3 Greater Shepparton (C) 28.8(b) 24.1 34.0 24.7 19.0 31.5 13.2 8.8 19.2 19.7(a) 14.1 26.8 57.6(a) 52.2 62.8 Indigo (S) 33.1 26.8 40.0 25.5 18.8 33.5 13.6 9.1 19.7 17.1(a) 12.6 22.7 56.1(a) 49.3 62.7 Mansfield (S) 27.2(b) 23.3 31.5 26.7 22.0 32.2 18.7(a) 14.6 23.5 11.0 8.0 15.0 56.5(a) 51.3 61.4 Mitchell (S) 30.9 25.7 36.7 24.1 18.9 30.1 12.7 8.3 19.0 17.2(a) 11.4 25.2 54.0(a) 48.2 59.7 Moira (S) 28.6(b) 24.3 33.3 27.5 22.1 33.6 14.0 9.2 20.8 13.9 9.0 21.0 55.4(a) 48.7 61.9 Murrindindi (S) 27.5(b) 23.1 32.4 20.3 14.9 27.1 14.3 9.4 21.1 18.1(a) 12.7 25.1 52.7 46.9 58.4 Strathbogie (S) 30.9 25.6 36.8 25.5 19.4 32.7 13.7 9.7 18.8 11.6 8.1 16.4 50.8 43.9 57.6 Towong (S) 30.9 25.3 37.1 24.8 19.9 30.5 16.1 11.1 22.7 10.5 6.7 16.1 51.4 45.1 57.6 Wangaratta (RC) 33.4 28.8 38.3 23.7 19.4 28.6 13.0 9.4 17.8 11.3 8.0 15.9 48.1 42.8 53.4 Wodonga (RC) 35.3 29.7 41.4 26.2 20.7 32.5 13.5 9.5 18.8 9.3 6.1 14.1 49.0 43.1 54.9 Victoria 36.2 35.5 37.0 22.0 21.3 22.7 13.0 12.4 13.7 10.2 9.7 10.8 45.2 44.4 46.1 CI = confidence interval Source: Department of Health, 2010, Victorian Population Health Survey 2008 [6]

†† Based on national guidelines (National Health and Medical Research Council, 2001). ‡‡ Drinkers who consumed alcohol at levels that did not expose them to risk of short-term harm were classified as low risk. §§ Includes those who consumed alcohol at risky or high risk levels weekly, monthly or yearly. (a) Estimates are (statistically) significantly above Victorian estimates. (b) Estimates are (statistically) significantly below Victorian estimates. # Hume regional level data is not available. Data are age-standardised to the 2006 Victorian population.

13 Table 15: Did not consume alcohol at above long-term risk***, Hume region by LGA, 2008# Not at long-term risk of harm LGA % Lower 95% CI Upper 95% CI Alpine (S) 93.1 88.2 96.0 Benalla (RC) 96.7 94.2 98.1 Greater Shepparton (C) 94.1 88.0 97.2 Indigo (S) 93.7 90.4 96.0 Mansfield (S) 95.4 92.6 97.2 Mitchell (S) 96.2 93.3 97.9 Moira (S) 93.0 87.1 96.3 Murrindindi (S) 95.7 93.0 97.4 Strathbogie (S) 94.9 91.5 97.0 Towong (S) 95.9 92.6 97.7 Wangaratta (RC) 95.3 92.2 97.2 Wodonga (RC) 93.1 88.2 96.0 Victoria 95.5 95.1 95.9 CI = confidence interval Source: Department of Health, 2010, Victorian Population Health Survey 2008 [6]

*** Based on national guidelines (National Health and Medical Research Council, 2001). Includes those who were abstainers (non-drinkers) and those at low risk of long-term harm. # Hume regional level data is not available. Data are age-standardised to the 2006 Victorian population.

14 Cancer screening

Table 16: Had a test to detect bowel cancer in the past two years†††, Hume region by LGA, 2008 LGA % Lower 95% CI Upper 95% CI Alpine (S) 30.3 25.0 36.1 Benalla (RC) 27.6 22.3 33.5 Greater Shepparton (C) 25.5 20.2 31.6 Indigo (S) 31.4 25.4 38.1 Mansfield (S) 31.5 25.2 38.5 Mitchell (S) 27.8 22.5 33.7 Moira (S) 28.8 23.7 34.5 Murrindindi (S) 31.6 26.2 37.7 Strathbogie (S) 25.2 20.4 30.8 Towong (S) 35.4 29.1 42.4 Wangaratta (RC) 30.3 24.2 37.3 Wodonga (RC) 30.3 25.0 36.1 Hume 29.4 27.4 31.4 Victoria 29.4 28.4 30.3 CI = confidence interval Source: Department of Health, 2010, Victorian Population Health Survey 2008 [6]

††† Only respondents aged 50 years and over were asked whether they had a test for bowel cancer in the past two years. Based on persons for whom a bowel examination to detect bowel cancer was applicable at the time of the survey.

15 Table 17: Had a Pap smear in the past two years‡‡‡, females aged 20-69 years, Hume region by LGA, 2008 Yes No LGA % Lower 95% CI Upper 95% CI % Lower 95% CI Upper 95% CI Alpine (S) 79.1(a) 73.6 83.7 20.9(b) 16.3 26.4 Benalla (RC) 74.8 67.6 80.9 25.2 19.1 32.4 Greater Shepparton (C) 75.0 66.9 81.6 25.1 18.4 33.1 Indigo (S) 69.7 62.1 76.3 30.3 23.7 37.9 Mansfield (S) 75.0 66.2 82.1 24.5 17.4 33.3 Mitchell (S) 74.3 67.0 80.4 25.4 19.3 32.7 Moira (S) 72.0 61.8 80.3 26.9 18.7 37.1 Murrindindi (S) 76.1 68.0 82.7 23.9 17.3 32.0 Strathbogie (S) 67.8 59.5 75.2 31.1 23.8 39.5 Towong (S) 84.5(a) 76.7 90.0 15.3(b) 9.8 23.0 Wangaratta (RC) 69.3 62.5 75.3 30.7 24.7 37.5 Wodonga (RC) 79.1 73.6 83.7 20.9 16.3 26.4 Hume 75.1(a) 72.4 77.6 24.7 22.2 27.3 Victoria 71.1 70.0 72.2 28.4 27.3 29.5 CI = confidence interval Source: Department of Health, 2010, Victorian Population Health Survey 2008 [6]

‡‡‡ Female survey participants were able to select ‘not applicable’ as a response to this question. They have been excluded from the denominator when calculating estimates. Note that figures may not add to 100 per cent due to a proportion of ‘don’t know’ or ‘refused’ responses. (a) Estimates are (statistically) significantly above Victorian estimates. (b) Estimates are (statistically) significantly below Victorian estimates.

16 Table 18: Had a mammogram in the past two years§§§, females aged 50-69 years, Hume region by LGA, 2008 Yes No LGA % Lower 95% CI Upper 95% CI % Lower 95% CI Upper 95% CI Alpine (S) 76.8 67.7 84.0 23.2 16.0 32.3 Benalla (RC) 72.7 62.5 81.0 26.4 18.3 36.6 Greater Shepparton (C) 78.7 70.5 85.1 20.5 14.2 28.6 Indigo (S) 81.9 73.8 88.0 18.1 12.1 26.2 Mansfield (S) 76.5 66.9 83.9 22.4 15.1 31.8 Mitchell (S) 82.7 73.7 89.1 16.4 10.2 25.4 Moira (S) 78.2 69.6 84.9 21.1 14.5 29.6 Murrindindi (S) 67.2 57.1 75.9 32.8 24.1 43.0 Strathbogie (S) 79.7 70.7 86.5 20.3 13.5 29.3 Towong (S) 81.6 72.3 88.2 17.6 11.1 26.9 Wangaratta (RC) 71.9 62.2 79.9 28.1 20.1 37.8 Wodonga (RC) 76.8 67.7 84.0 23.2 16.0 32.3 Hume 76.7 73.7 79.4 22.7 20.0 25.7 Victoria 71.1 70.0 72.2 28.4 27.3 29.5 CI = confidence interval Source: Department of Health, 2010, Victorian Population Health Survey 2008 [6]

§§§ Female survey participants were able to select ‘not applicable’ as a response to this question. They have been excluded from the denominator when calculating estimates. Note that figures may not add to 100 per cent due to a proportion of ‘don’t know’ or ‘refused’ responses. Data are age-standardised to the 2006 Victorian population.

17 Major causes of disease and illness

Table 19 presents the ranking in absolute DALYs for the broad disease categories contributing most to the burden of disease in the Hume region. Cancer, cardiovascular disease, and mental disorders followed by neurological and sense disorders, are the leading causes of burden in the Hume region. Cancer burden is primarily years of life lost through premature death, while mental disorders rarely cause mortality but are a major cause of ill health.

Table 19: DALYs by major disease category for Hume region, 2001 Mortality YLLs Disability YLDs Total DALYs Cardiovascular diseases 5,310.8 1,325.9 6,636.7 Chronic respiratory diseases 1,017.4 1,748.4 2,765.8 Congenital abnormalities 223.1 422.8 645.9 Diabetes mellitus 534.5 1,252.3 1,786.7 Digestive disorders 566.2 265.7 831.9 Genito-urinary disorders 310.0 634.4 944.4 Infectious diseases 189.0 158.1 347.1 Injuries 1,905.2 715.5 2,620.7 Malignant cancers 6,123.3 1,606.5 7,729.8 Maternal conditions - 18.6 18.6 Mental disorders 162.4 4,352.8 4,515.2 Musculo-skeletal diseases 132.7 892.3 1,025.0 Neonatal conditions 298.0 149.5 447.5 Neurological and sensory disorders 776.5 3,400.9 4,177.4 Oral health 0.7 482.7 483.4 Other 633.1 668.3 1,301.5 TOTAL 18,182.9 18,094.7 36,277.6 YLL = years of life lost to premature death YLD = years lived with disability DALY = disability adjusted life years (DALY = YLL + YLD) Source: Department of Human Services, 2006, Burden of disease [7]

Figure 2: Burden of disease (DALYs) attributable to risk factors in Hume region compared to Victoria, 2001

Source: Department of Human Services, 2006, Burden of disease [7]

Health sector performance

Ambulatory care sensitive conditions Better access to primary health care increases the use of ambulatory care, prevents unnecessary hospitalisations and improves the health status of the population. Analysis from the Victorian Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions study identified significant differentials and inequalities in access to the primary health care system in Victoria. The analysis of ACSCs included a broad range of health conditions that are classified as ACSC’s. Data is firstly presented for total, and acute and chronic ACSC’s for each region. Table 21 gives details of the top ten ACSC’s by LGA for Hume region.

Table 20: Total ACSC, acute ACSC and chronic ACSC admission numbers, rates and average bed days, Victoria 2008-09 Barwon- North and Eastern Loddon Southern South Gippsland Grampians Hume West Victoria metro Mallee metro Western metro Total ACSC 13,836 29,805 10,411 8,514 10,136 12,692 52,883 42,849 181,126 Number of Acute ACSC 5,733 13,126 3,677 3,381 3,612 4,779 20,669 16,780 71,757 admissions Chronic ACSC 8,002 16,432 6,691 5,101 6,515 7,904 31,720 25,670 108,035 Total ACSC 34.4 28.1 36.0 35.9 34.8 36.9 36.7 33.1 33.6 Rate per 1,000 Acute ACSC 15.1 12.6 13.9 15.0 12.6 14.8 13.5 13.0 13.4 persons Chronic ACSC 18.9 15.3 21.9 20.7 21.2 22.1 22.9 19.8 20.0 Total ACSC 4.9 5.3 5.2 5.1 5.2 5.0 5.4 5.0 5.2 Average bed Acute ACSC 2.5 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.6 2.7 2.7 days Chronic ACSC 6.7 7.3 6.4 6.7 6.5 6.3 7.3 6.6 6.9 Rates are age-standardised to the 2006 Victorian population. Source: Victorian Admitted Episodes Dataset 2008-09

Table 21: Top ten ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs), Barwon-South Western region by LGA, 2008-09 Chronic Congestive Iron Ear, nose Diabetes obstructive Dental cardiac Pyelonephritis Cellulitis Angina deficiency and throat Asthma complications pulmonary conditions failure anaemia infections disease LGA Number of admissions Alpine (S) 158 59 37 22 27 35 18 22 14 12 Benalla (RC) 243 73 45 46 55 33 41 24 19 26 Greater Shepparton (C) 752 209 141 199 128 190 135 161 160 111 Indigo (S) 244 30 17 23 28 19 18 10 8 13 Mansfield (S) 99 50 21 19 18 15 15 21 8 10 Mitchell (S) 400 114 57 59 91 56 38 37 53 75 Moira (S) 465 139 108 91 61 69 56 78 55 59 Murrindindi (S) 208 74 40 34 53 39 18 29 15 26 Strathbogie (S) 147 59 54 30 26 38 29 19 15 5 Towong (S) 119 24 17 8 0 5 12 7 0 0 Wangaratta (RC) 342 130 69 87 107 48 73 61 52 49 Wodonga (RC) 675 152 101 76 44 61 93 43 49 44 Hume 3,852 1,113 707 694 638 608 546 512 448 430 Victoria 64,903 15,055 12,628 13,444 16,155 8,358 8,370 8,964 7,775 9,210 LGA Rate per 1,000 persons Alpine (S) 9.2 3.3 2.0 1.3 2.1 2.5 1.0 1.4 1.3 1.0 Benalla (RC) 12.6 3.7 2.1 2.8 4.2 2.0 2.0 1.3 1.5 1.7 Greater Shepparton (C) 12.0 3.4 2.2 3.3 2.0 3.1 2.2 2.6 2.5 1.7 Indigo (S) 12.7 1.7 1.0 1.3 1.9 1.1 1.0 0.6 0.5 0.9 Mansfield (S) 10.6 5.1 2.1 2.3 2.6 1.5 1.5 2.2 1.2 1.3 Mitchell (S) 14.5 4.3 2.3 2.0 2.7 1.8 1.4 1.2 1.5 2.3 Moira (S) 11.8 3.4 2.6 2.7 2.2 2.1 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.1 Murrindindi (S) 12.2 4.2 2.4 2.2 3.9 2.5 1.0 1.8 1.1 1.8 Strathbogie (S) 9.9 3.7 3.2 2.5 2.8 3.0 2.0 1.2 1.6 0.5 Towong (S) 12.6 2.5 1.7 0.9 1.0 1.3 0.7 Wangaratta (RC) 9.6 3.6 1.8 2.6 3.9 1.5 2.0 1.9 1.9 1.8 Wodonga (RC) 22.2 5.1 3.5 2.4 1.1 1.9 3.0 1.4 1.3 1.2 Hume 12.8 3.7 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.1 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.6 Victoria 12.0 2.8 2.3 2.5 3.1 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.7 Source: Department of Health, 2010, Victorian ambulatory care sensitive conditions study [8]

21 Immunisation rates

The immunisation rates in Hume region are slightly below the Victorian rates.

Table 22: Proportion of children fully immunised, by age and region in Victoria, September 2010 Region 12-<15 months 24-<27 months 60-<63 months Barwon-South Western 93.2% 93.8% 91.0% Eastern metro 91.8% 93.0% 90.0% Gippsland 93.0% 95.9% 92.7% Grampians 93.8% 96.7% 92.7% Loddon Mallee 91.6% 93.6% 90.3% North and West metro 92.3% 93.0% 89.7% Southern metro 92.0% 93.0% 91.1% Hume 91.5% 92.9% 88.4% Victoria 92.2% 93.4% 90.4% Source: Medicare Australia, 2010 [9]

Table 23: Proportion of children fully immunised, Hume region by LGA, September 2010 LGA 12-<15 months 24-<27 months 60-<63 months Alpine (S) 92.2% 93.9% 80.9% Benalla (RC) 84.5% 92.5% 87.2% Greater Shepparton (C) 94.1% 88.4% 87.2% Indigo (S) 79.3% 83.3% 76.5% Mansfield (S) 97.1% 91.3% 89.8% Mitchell (S) 91.5% 95.6% 92.9% Moira (S) 96.6% 88.6% 85.4% Murrindindi (S) 95.7% 100.0% 92.3% Strathbogie (S) 88.9% 84.6% 72.7% Towong (S) 92.9% 91.8% 91.5% Wangaratta (RC) 98.2% 98.2% 90.8% Wodonga (RC) 92.2% 93.9% 80.9% Hume 91.5% 92.9% 88.4% Victoria 92.2% 93.4% 90.4% Source: Medicare Australia, 2010 [9]

22 Figure 3: Year 10 secondary school Boostrix percentage coverage rate by LGAs, 2009

23 How strong are Hume communities?

Social, economic and environmental determinants of health

Table 24: Proportion of unemployed persons, Victoria by region, 2009-10 March Qtr June Qtr Sept Qtr Dec Qtr March Qtr Region 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 Barwon-South Western 4.4% 5.1% 5.6% 5.9% 5.5% Eastern Metro 3.9% 4.4% 4.8% 4.9% 5.0% Gippsland 4.2% 4.5% 4.7% 4.6% 4.9% Grampians 6.3% 6.6% 6.1% 6.0% 6.3% Loddon Mallee 5.7% 5.8% 5.8% 5.8% 5.7% North and West Metro 5.0% 5.5% 5.8% 6.2% 6.2% Southern Metro 4.8% 5.0% 5.5% 5.6% 5.4% Hume 4.8% 4.3% 4.8% 5.3% 5.6% Victoria 4.7% 5.1% 5.5% 5.6% 5.6% Source: Department of Employment and Workplace Relations (DEWR), 2010 [10]

Table 25: Proportion of unemployed persons, Hume region by LGA, 2009-10 March Qtr June Qtr Sept Qtr Dec Qtr March Qtr LGA 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 Alpine (S) 5.6% 5.0% 5.5% 6.1% 6.4% Benalla (RC) 6.3% 5.6% 6.3% 6.9% 7.2% Greater Shepparton (C) 3.4% 3.2% 3.6% 4.0% 4.2% Indigo (S) 3.2% 3.1% 3.7% 4.2% 4.5% Mansfield (S) 4.4% 3.9% 4.4% 4.9% 5.3% Mitchell (S) 4.8% 4.3% 4.9% 5.4% 5.6% Moira (S) 3.8% 3.4% 3.8% 4.2% 4.6% Murrindindi (S) 3.7% 3.4% 3.9% 4.3% 4.5% Strathbogie (S) 3.1% 2.9% 3.2% 3.6% 3.7% Towong (S) 4.8% 4.2% 4.7% 5.2% 5.4% Wangaratta (RC) 4.6% 4.2% 4.7% 5.2% 5.5% Wodonga (RC) 5.6% 5.0% 5.5% 6.1% 6.4% Hume 4.8% 4.3% 4.8% 5.3% 5.6% Victoria 4.7% 5.1% 5.5% 5.6% 5.6% Source: Department of Employment and Workplace Relations (DEWR), 2010 [10]

24 Table 26: Indicators of income and socio-economic status, Hume region by LGA Children in % households % population Gaming households with with housing with income machine losses LGA income <$650 costs greater than <$400 per week per head 2008- per week 2006 40% of income 2006 [11] 09 [12] [13] [14] Alpine (S) 50.8% $528.41 22.6% 6.5% Benalla (RC) 47.6% $685.88 22.8% 7.2% Greater Shepparton (C) 46.0% - 23.4% 8.4% Indigo (S) 49.6% $128.92 15.9% 6.3% Mansfield (S) 46.3% $668.72 20.8% 7.0% Mitchell (S) 52.4% $128.92 18.2% 8.9% Moira (S) 49.2% $189.71 22.6% 7.1% Murrindindi (S) 52.8% $189.71 22.3% 8.2% Strathbogie (S) 53.0% $128.92 25.4% 5.6% Towong (S) 48.7% $395.88 22.6% 5.8% Wangaratta (RC) 43.5% $362.29 18.9% 6.3% Wodonga (RC) 50.8% $528.41 19.5% 8.6% Hume 48.3% $511.96 21.0% 7.6% Victoria 45.8% $674.27 17.9% 9.0%

Table 27: Recorded family incident reports, Hume region by LGA, 2009-10 Family incidents Where charges were laid Where IVO applied for Rate per Rate per Rate per LGA Number 100,000 Number 100,000 Number 100,000 population population population Alpine (S) 128 900.9 41 288.6 25 176.0 Benalla (RC) 1,178 544.5 247 114.2 194 89.7 Greater Shepparton (C) 70 439.0 14 87.8 6 37.6 Indigo (S) 34 431.4 7 88.8 7 88.8 Mansfield (S) 410 1,201.7 156 457.2 88 257.9 Mitchell (S) 70 240.3 19 65.2 8 27.5 Moira (S) 65 485.9 14 104.7 13 97.2 Murrindindi (S) 47 471.2 14 140.4 6 60.2 Strathbogie (S) 37 583.6 10 157.7 10 157.7 Towong (S) 345 1,203.6 104 362.8 55 191.9 Wangaratta (RC) 362 1,013.1 60 167.9 47 131.5 Wodonga (RC) 128 900.9 41 288.6 25 176.0 Victoria 33,720 649.9 9,082 165.2 5,489 106.4 IVO = family violence intervention order Rate is calculated against total estimated resident population at 30 June 2009. Source: Victoria Police, 2010 [15]

Table 28: Social wellbeing and connectedness indicators by percent of population, Hume region by LGA, 2006 Can get help from Could raise Member of Decision Attendance friends $2000 in Member of Parental Feels group that making at LGA family or two Volunteers organised participation valued by has taken board or community neighbours days in an groups in schools society local action committee events when emergency needed Alpine (S) 93.2 80.6 56.4 57.0 51.4 71.2 27.1 56.3 70.1 Benalla (RC) 93.3 79.3 50.5 51.4 50.7 71.4 22.1 47.1 68.7 Greater Shepparton (C) 93.3 82.6 60.2 54.9 45.6 62.2 26.2 57.8 72.5 Indigo (S) 97.3 82.3 55.1 47.8 55.3 63.8 24.7 70.3 77.4 Mansfield (S) 94.2 73.0 53.7 45.3 54.7 57.1 21.8 57.1 67.6 Mitchell (S) 95.8 71.6 63.5 59.2 65.5 72.9 25.2 49.7 71.6 Moira (S) 89.3 70.8 60.3 53.7 62.7 72.9 21.2 62.4 69.4 Murrindindi (S) 93.0 77.1 61.3 49.9 59.0 73.2 27.7 59.5 74.3 Strathbogie (S) 93.6 83.9 76.7 73.7 65.2 73.6 37.9 74.8 71.5 Towong (S) 93.0 78.8 54.1 54.2 45.3 68.8 28.1 52.0 71.5 Wangaratta (RC) 93.0 76.3 50.2 46.3 52.3 53.8 21.0 52.2 67.1 Wodonga (RC) 93.2 80.6 56.4 57.0 51.4 71.2 27.1 56.3 70.1 Hume 93.4 78.3 58.6 53.6 56.0 67.5 25.9 59.1 71.5 Victoria 93.1 77.1 48.7 47.3 47.5 67.6 20.6 48.9 68.8 Source: Department of Planning and Community Development, 2006 [16]

26 Table 28 continued: Social wellbeing and connectedness indicators by percent of population, Hume region by LGA, 2006 The area has The area good facilities The area has Opportunities Feels safe has easy and a wide range to have a real Multiculturalism on the The area has access to services like of It’s an active LGA say on issues makes life in the street opportunities recreational shops, community community that are area better alone after to volunteer and leisure childcare, and support important dark facilities schools, groups libraries Alpine (S) 67.3 53.7 66.0 85.8 76.3 88.1 76.9 75.1 Benalla (RC) 53.4 66.2 62.4 82.6 77.5 76.2 75.2 64.5 Greater Shepparton (C) 59.2 56.3 82.7 76.1 71.2 81.9 73.1 76.1 Indigo (S) 72.0 58.2 87.5 77.9 75.5 86.4 76.1 82.5 Mansfield (S) 56.7 55.5 69.6 70.5 71.9 74.0 64.1 64.8 Mitchell (S) 64.5 58.3 68.4 77.9 71.0 83.8 78.1 76.3 Moira (S) 63.3 59.4 79.5 59.3 66.3 86.0 69.3 79.0 Murrindindi (S) 56.2 57.6 76.7 67.3 64.0 79.7 66.9 72.5 Strathbogie (S) 65.7 52.0 86.0 75.0 69.3 82.2 71.5 78.2 Towong (S) 56.3 65.4 67.8 81.0 82.3 82.5 78.3 73.7 Wangaratta (RC) 56.1 67.9 56.1 91.6 86.1 87.8 82.5 77.8 Wodonga (RC) 67.3 53.7 66.0 85.8 76.3 88.1 76.9 75.1 Hume 61.3 59.9 72.4 77.5 74.6 83.5 73.8 75.0 Victoria 58.7 67.5 67.8 81.0 77.8 79.6 74.2 71.8 Source: Department of Planning and Community Development, 2006 [16]

Reference

1 Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2010, Population by age and sex, Victoria, estimated resident population at 30 June 2009. Released August 2010.

2 Department of Planning and Community Development, 2009, Victoria in Future Population Projections. Released September 2009.

3 Department of Health, 2010, Life expectancy at birth: Victoria 2003-2007. Health Intelligence Unit.

4 Department of Human Services, 2006, Burden of disease for local government areas of Victoria, 2001. Measure: Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY) rates.

5 Department of Human Services, 2006, Burden of disease for local government areas of Victoria, 2001. Measure: Years of Life Lost (YLL) rates.

6 Department of Health, 2010, Victorian Population Health Survey Report 2008.

7 Department of Human Services, 2006, Burden of disease for local government areas of Victoria, 2001. Measure: Mortality and morbidity 2001 searchable LGA estimates.

8 Department of Health, 2010, Victorian ambulatory care sensitive conditions study. Victorian Health Information Surveillance System (VHISS).

9 Medicare Australia, 2010, Australian Childhood Immunisation Register (ACIR) – coverage report. Measure: Proportion of children fully immunised by age, by region.

10 Department of Employment and Workplace Relations (DEWR), 2010, Small area labour markets – Australia. Measure: Proportion of persons unemployed.

11 Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2006, Cat no. 2068.0 – 2006 Census tables. Measure: Gross Individual Income (Weekly) by age by sex.

12 Victorian Commission for Gambling Regulations, 2010. Measure: Gaming machine losses per head, people 18 years of age or older.

13 Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2006, Basic community profiles. Table B28 - gross household income (weekly) by household composition.

14 Australian Bureau of Statistics, customised data from the 2006 Census of Population and Housing.

15 Victoria Police, 2010, Crime Statistics - Family incidents 2009-10.

16 Department of Planning and Community Development, 2006, Indicators of Community Strength at the Local Government Area Level.