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Yngve Brilioth Svensk Medeltidsforskare Och Internationell Kyrkoledare STUDIA MISSIONALIA SVECANA LXXXV
SIM SWEDISH INSTITUTE OF MISSION RESEARCH PUBLISHER OF THE SERIES STUDIA MISSIONALIA SVECANA & MISSIO PUBLISHER OF THE PERIODICAL SWEDISH MISSIOLOGICAL THEMES (SMT) This publication is made available online by Swedish Institute of Mission Research at Uppsala University. Uppsala University Library produces hundreds of publications yearly. They are all published online and many books are also in stock. Please, visit the web site at www.ub.uu.se/actashop Yngve Brilioth Svensk medeltidsforskare och internationell kyrkoledare STUDIA MISSIONALIA SVECANA LXXXV Carl F. Hallencreutz Yngve Brilioth Svensk medeltidsforskare och internationell kyrkoledare UTGIVENAV Katharina Hallencreutz UPPSALA 2002 Utgiven med forord av Katharina Hallencreutz Forsedd med engelsk sammanfattning av Bjorn Ryman Tryckt med bidrag fran Vilhelm Ekmans universitetsfond Kungl.Vitterhets Historie och Antivkvitetsakademien Samfundet Pro Fide et Christianismo "Yngve Brilioth i Uppsala domkyrkà', olja pa duk (245 x 171), utford 1952 av Eléna Michéew. Malningen ags av Stiftelsen for Âbo Akademi, placerad i Auditorium Teologicum. Foto: Ulrika Gragg ©Katharina Hallencreutz och Svenska lnstitutet for Missionsforskning ISSN 1404-9503 ISBN 91-85424-68-4 Cover design: Ord & Vetande, Uppsala Typesetting: Uppsala University, Editorial Office Printed in Sweden by Elanders Gotab, Stockholm 2002 Distributor: Svenska lnstitutet for Missionsforskning P.O. Box 1526,751 45 Uppsala Innehall Forkortningar . 9 Forord . 11 lnledning . 13 Tidigare Briliothforskning och min uppgift . 14 Mina forutsattningar . 17 Yngve Brilioths adressater . 18 Tillkommande material . 24 KAPITEL 1: Barndom och skolgang . 27 1 hjartat av Tjust. 27 Yngve Brilioths foraldrar. 28 Yngve Brilioths barndom och forsta skolar . 32 Fortsatt skolgang i Visby. 34 Den sextonarige Yngve Brilioths studentexamen. 36 KAPITEL 2: Student i Uppsala . -
Erwin Panofsky
Reprinted from DE ARTIBUS OPUSCULA XL ESSAYS IN HONOR OF ERWIN PANOFSKY Edited l!J M I L LA RD M EIS S New York University Press • I90r Saint Bridget of Sweden As Represented in Illuminated Manuscripts CARL NORDENFALK When faced with the task of choosing an appropriate subject for a paper to be published in honor of Erwin Panofsky most contributors must have felt themselves confronted by an embarras de richesse. There are few main problems in the history of Western art, from the age of manuscripts to the age of movies, which have not received the benefit of Pan's learned, pointed, and playful pen. From this point of view, therefore, almost any subject would provide a suitable opportunity for building on foundations already laid by him to whom we all wish to pay homage. The task becomes at once more difficult if, in addition to this, more specific aims are to be considered. A Swede, for instance, wishing to see the art and culture of his own country play apart in this work, the association with which is itself an honor, would first of all have to ask himself if anything within his own national field of vision would have a meaning in this truly international context. From sight-seeing in the company of Erwin Panofsky during his memorable visit to Sweden in 1952 I recall some monuments and works of art in our country in which he took an enthusiastic interest and pleasure.' But considering them as illustrations for this volume, I have to realize that they are not of the international standard appropriate for such a concourse of contributors and readers from two continents. -
The Swedish Approach to Fairness
FACTS ABOUT SWEDEN | GENDER EQUALITY sweden.se PHOTO: MELKER DAHLSTRAND/IMAGEBANK.SWEDEN.SE PHOTO: The Swedish welfare system, which entitles both men and women to paid parental leave, has been central in promoting gender equality in Sweden. GENDER EQUALITY: THE SWEDISH APPROACH TO FAIRNESS Gender equality is one of the cornerstones of Swedish society. The aim of Sweden’s gender equality policies is to ensure that women and men enjoy the same opportunities, rights and obligations in all areas of life. The overarching principle is that every- areas of economics, politics, education school level onwards, with the aim of one, regardless of gender, has the right and health. Since the report’s inception, giving children the same opportunities to work and support themselves, to bal- Sweden has never finished lower than in life, regardless of their gender, by ance career and family life, and to live fourth in the Gender Gap rankings, which using teaching methods that counteract without the fear of abuse or violence. can be found at www.weforum.org. traditional gender patterns and gender Gender equality implies not only equal roles. distribution between men and women Gender equality at school Today, girls generally have better in all domains of society. It is also about Gender equality is strongly emphasised grades in Swedish schools than boys. the qualitative aspects, ensuring that in the Education Act, the law that gov- Girls also perform better in national the knowledge and experience of both erns all education in Sweden. It states tests, and a greater proportion of girls men and women are used to promote that gender equality should reach and complete upper secondary education. -
Towards the Kalmar Union
S P E C I A L I Z E D A G E N C I E S TOWARDS THE KALMAR UNION Dear Delegates, Welcome to the 31st Annual North American Model United Nations 2016 at the University of Toronto! On behalf of all of the staff at NAMUN, we welcome you to the Specialized Agency branch of the conference. I, and the rest of the committee staff are thrilled to have you be a delegate in Scandinavia during the High Middle Ages, taking on this challenging yet fascinating topic on the futures of the three Scandinavian Kingdoms in a time of despair, poverty, dependence and competitiveness. This will truly be a new committee experience, as you must really delve into the history of these Kingdoms and figure out how to cooperate with each other without sending everyone into their demise. To begin, in the Towards the Kalmar Union Specialized Agency, delegates will represent influential characters from Denmark, Norway and Sweden, which include prominent knights, monarchs, nobles, and important religious figures who dominate the political, military and economic scenes of their respective Kingdoms. The impending issues that will be discussed at the meeting in Kalmar, Sweden include the future of the Danish and Norwegian crowns after the death of the sole heir to the thrones, Olaf II. Here, two distant relatives to Valdemar IV have a claim to the throne and delegates will need to decide who will succeed to the throne. The second order of business is to discuss the growing German presence in Sweden, especially in major economic cities. -
Strategies of Sanity and Survival Religious Responses to Natural Disasters in the Middle Ages
jussi hanska Strategies of Sanity and Survival Religious Responses to Natural Disasters in the Middle Ages Studia Fennica Historica The Finnish Literature Society (SKS) was founded in 1831 and has, from the very beginning, engaged in publishing operations. It nowadays publishes literature in the fields of ethnology and folkloristics, linguistics, literary research and cultural history. The first volume of the Studia Fennica series appeared in 1933. Since 1992, the series has been divided into three thematic subseries: Ethnologica, Folkloristica and Linguistica. Two additional subseries were formed in 2002, Historica and Litteraria. The subseries Anthropologica was formed in 2007. In addition to its publishing activities, the Finnish Literature Society maintains research activities and infrastructures, an archive containing folklore and literary collections, a research library and promotes Finnish literature abroad. Studia fennica editorial board Anna-Leena Siikala Rauno Endén Teppo Korhonen Pentti Leino Auli Viikari Kristiina Näyhö Editorial Office SKS P.O. Box 259 FI-00171 Helsinki www.finlit.fi Jussi Hanska Strategies of Sanity and Survival Religious Responses to Natural Disasters in the Middle Ages Finnish Literature Society · Helsinki Studia Fennica Historica 2 The publication has undergone a peer review. The open access publication of this volume has received part funding via a Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation grant. © 2002 Jussi Hanska and SKS License CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0. International A digital edition of a printed book first published in 2002 by the Finnish Literature Society. Cover Design: Timo Numminen EPUB Conversion: eLibris Media Oy ISBN 978-951-746-357-7 (Print) ISBN 978-952-222-818-5 (PDF) ISBN 978-952-222-819-2 (EPUB) ISSN 0085-6835 (Studia Fennica) ISSN 0355-8924 (Studia Fennica Historica) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21435/sfh.2 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0. -
Svenskt Gudstjänstliv Årgång 82 / 2007
Svenskt Gudstjänstliv årgång 82 / 2007 Hjärtats tillit förord 1 omslagsbild Luther skapade ett eget emblem eller vapenmärke, den s.k. Lutherrosen, som han såg som en enkel symbol för hela sin tankevärld. I ett brev den 8 juli 1530 ger han följande förklaring till sitt emblem: Först är det ett kors, svart i ett hjärta med naturlig färg, för att jag skall påminnas om att tron på den Korsfäste gör oss saliga. Ty om man tror av hjärtat, blir man rättfärdiggjord… Ett sådant hjärta skall sitta mitt i en vit ros som symbol för att tron ger glädje, tröst och frid – den sätter kort sagt den troende i glädjens vita ros. Tron ger inte den frid och glädje som värl- den ger. Därför skall rosen inte vara röd utan vit, ty den vita färgen är alla saliga andars och änglars färg. Rosen skall stå i ett himmelsblått fält som symboliserar att glädjen i anden och tron är en början på den kommande himmelska glädjen. Den är redan nu en del av tron, som i hoppet griper om det man ännu inte ser. Och runt detta fält finns en gyllene ring som ett tecken på att saligheten i himmelen är evig och utan slut, och därtill mer värd än all jordisk glädje, precis som guldet är den allra ädlaste och dyrbaraste av metaller. 2 svenskt gudstjänstliv 2007 Svenskt Gudstjänstliv årgång 82 / 2007 Hjärtats tillit Trosförmedling i luthersk tradition redaktör Sven-Åke Selander Lars-Olle Armgard Anders Dillmar Lars Eckerdal Ragnar Holte Jørgen Kjærgaard Inger Selander Birgit Stolt Bernice Sundkvist förord 3 Laurentius Petri Sällskapet för svenskt gudstjänstliv abonnemang på årsboken svenskt gudstjänstliv Det finns två typer av abonnemang 1 Medlemmar i Laurentius Petri Sällskapet för svenskt gudstjänstliv (LPS) erhåller årsboken som medlemsförmån samt meddelanden om sällskapets övriga verksamhet. -
Ioasaph of Rhodes' Inventory of the Archbishops of Sinai
Journal of Eastern Christian Studies 72(1-2), 33-70. doi: 10.2143/JECS.72.1.3287534 © 2020 by Journal of Eastern Christian Studies. All rights reserved. SINAITICA (2): IOASAPH OF RHODES’ INVENTORY OF THE ARCHBISHOPS OF SINAI ALEXANDER TREIGER In September 1640, Ioasaph of Rhodes, the archbishop (in 1617-1660) of the Sacred Monastery of the God-Trodden Mount Sinai drew up an inventory of the hierarchs of Sinai mentioned in Sinai Arabic (and, on a few occasions, Greek) manuscripts.1 This inventory is preserved in Sinai gr. 2215, fol. 27r / p. 51.2 In his Abridgment of Sacred and World History (Ἐπιτομὴ τῆς ἱεροκοσμικῆς ἱστορίας), first printed in Venice in 1677, Ioasaph’s disciple Nectarius (1602-1676, patriarch of Jerusalem in 1661- 1669) incorporated the information from Ioasaph’s inventory into his own catalogue of the Sinai hierarchs.3 Nectarius’ catalogue, in turn, was worked into the various Greek ‘Descriptions’ of Mount Sinai, the first of which was printed in Tîrgoviște, Romania in 1710.4 An updated Arabic translation of it is preserved in Beirut, Bibliothèque Orientale 17, from 1 This article is the second installment in the series ‘Sinaitica’. For the first installment, see A. Treiger, ‘Sinaitica (1): The Antiochian Menologion, Compiled by Hieromonk Yūḥannā ῾Abd al-Masīḥ (First Half of the 13th Century)’, Христианскй восток / Chris- tian Orient, 8 (14) (2017), pp. 215-252. I am grateful to the anonymous reviewer for critical comments and suggestions. 2 Though several publications have referred to Ioasaph’s inventory, only one seems to provide the correct manuscript number: Κ. -
Wittenberg Influences on the Reformation in Scandinavia by Simo Heininen, Otfried Czaika
Wittenberg Influences on the Reformation in Scandinavia by Simo Heininen, Otfried Czaika Wittenberg was the most important source of inspiration for the Reformation in both of the Scandinavian kingdoms, the Danish kingdom and the Swedish kingdom. In both kingdoms, the authorities played a defining role in the Reformation, though it proceeded very differently in these two Early Modern states. The Reformation became securely established most quickly – both politically and in terms of church law – in the Danish core territory. Sweden, on the other hand, was de facto already a Lutheran country before 1550, though it did not become Lutheran de jure also until the last decade of the 16th century. Particularly in the peripheral parts of Scandinavia (especially Norway and Iceland), the Reformation went hand in hand with closer political integration in Scandinavia and it was therefore adopted rather reluctantly by the population. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Political Background 2. Denmark 3. Norway and Iceland 4. Sweden 5. Finland 6. Conclusion 7. Appendix 1. Sources 2. Bibliography 3. Notes Indices Citation Political Background From 1397, the kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden were united in a personal union (the so-called Kalmar Union) under Danish control (ᇄ Media Link #ab). In the early-16th century, the union was approaching its end. There were increasing tensions between Denmark and Sweden, the latter being governed by regents from the House of Sture. In November 1520, Christian II of Denmark (1481–1559) (ᇄ Media Link #ac), the last union king, was crowned for a second time in Stockholm. After the coronation festivities had been concluded, a heresy trial was staged with the help of the Archbishop of Uppsala and the accused were the supporters of the Sture party. -
European Churches Talk About Dialogue with Other Religions
European churches talk about dialogue with other religions The Church of Sweden is hosting an event at which more than 50 representatives of Anglican and Lutheran churches within the Porvoo Communion will gather together for discussions in Sigtuna this week. During the meeting in Sigtuna, on the theme Growing Together, the churches in the Porvoo Communion will discuss various issues, including dialogue with other religions as a challenge in the social environments of their churches. The churches in the Porvoo Communion have previously held a consultation about dialogue with other religions and will hold another such event in 2011, to which representatives from other religions will be invited. This meeting is the Porvoo Communions consultation of church leaders, attended by bishops and elected representatives and convened once every four years. Each delegation, with two to three representatives, a bishop and/or person in a managerial position and an elected representative, are chosen from each church and vary from one meeting to the next. The representative of each church also participates in the Porvoo Contact Group. More than 50 delegates from Anglican churches in England, Ireland, Scotland, Wales, Spain and Portugal, and from Lutheran churches in Finland, Lithuania, Norway, Iceland and Sweden are expected in Sigtuna. Representatives of the Lutheran churches in Denmark and Latvia will attend as observers. The Church of Sweden will be represented by Archbishop Anders Wejryd, Secretary General Lars Friedner and Britt Louise Agrell from the Central Board. The meeting will take place at Sigtunastiftelsen on 18š1 March. The theme is Growing Together, and the meeting will conclude with a mass celebrated in Uppsala Cathedral and lunch with Archbishop Anders Wejryd. -
The Church of Sweden in Continuous Reformation
Journal of the European Society of Women in Theological Research 25 (2017) 67-80. doi: 10.2143/ESWTR.25.0.3251305 ©2017 by Journal of the European Society of Women in Theological Research. All rights reserved. Ninna Edgardh Embracing the Future: The Church of Sweden in Continuous Reformation The whole world followed the events in Lund, Sweden, on October 31, 2016, when for the first time a joint ecumenical commemoration of the Reformation took place between the Lutheran World Federation (LWF) and the Roman-Catholic Church. A photo distributed worldwide shows Pope Francis and the Archbishop of the Church of Sweden, Antje Jackelén, embracing each other. The photo contains both hope and tension. The Church of Sweden tries to balance the tension between its heritage as ecumenical bridge-builder, launched already by Archbishop Nathan Söderblom a hundred years ago, and its pioneering role with regard to issues of gen- der and sexuality. These seemingly contradictory roles are hereby set into the wider context of the journey Sweden has made from the time of the Lutheran reformation up to the present. A uniform society characterised by one people and one Christian faith, has gradually transformed into a society where faith is a voluntary option. The former state church faces new demands in handling religious as well as cultural diversities. Leadership is increasingly equally shared between women and men. The Church of Sweden holds all these tensions together through the approach launched on the official website of a church in constant need of reform. Por primera vez la Federación Luterana Mundial y la Iglesia Católica Romana celebraron conjuntamente una conmemoración ecuménica de la Reforma un hecho que ocurrió en Lund, Suecia, el 31 de octubre de 2016 y que fue ampliamente difundido por el mundo, a través de una fotografía distribuida globalmente donde aparecen abrazándose el Papa Francisco de la Iglesia Católica y la arzobispa Antje Jackelén de la iglesia de Suecia, reflejando esperanza y tensión a la vez. -
Religious Leaders Gather in Conjunction with UN Climate Summit
Sep 18, 2014 09:11 BST Religious leaders gather in conjunction with UN climate summit Former Archbishop Anders Wejryd, during the Interfaith Climate Summit in Uppsala in 2008 – a climate summit crossing religious and national boundaries. PHOTO: Magnus Aronson/IKON UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon has invited the world’s leaders to a summit on 23 September to increase commitment in climate negotiations. Religious leaders from the world’s major religions will meet on the preceding day to submit a joint statement to the UN. The Church of Sweden will have a delegation in attendance. The statement is being made to emphasise that the future fate of the Earth is not just about politics and technical solutions; it is also about our approach to the Earth and our lifestyle. One of the religious leaders attending is former Archbishop Anders Wejryd, who is now President of the European section of the World Council of Churches. Anders Wejryd took the initiative to organise a similar meeting in Uppsala in 2008 with representatives of many of the world’s religions. The meeting in New York can be seen as a step in building on the work started in Uppsala. “Religions have a more long-term perspective than politics do today. That’s why our voice is important in demonstrating our responsibility and the need for fair distribution that transcends generations,” says Anders Wejryd. Henrik Grape, climate expert at the Church of Sweden, is also in New York and has helped to prepare the meeting in the group who wrote the statement that will be submitted. -
How the Church Built the Swedish Model
The Preferability of Consensus: How the Church Built the Swedish Model A European Case Study ANDERS BROGREN From heathendom to Christianity “A.D. 793. This year came dreadful fore-warnings over the of land the Northumbrians, terrifying the people most woefully: these were immense sheets of light rushing through the air, and whirlwinds, and fiery dragons flying across the firmament. These tremendous tokens were soon followed by a great famine: and not long after, on the sixth day before the ides of January in the same year, the harrowing inroads of heathen men made lamentable havoc in the church of God in Holy-island, by rapine and slaughter.” This entry from A.D. 793 in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle describes one of the first encounters between the Christian church and the Nordic peoples. It was not a happy one. The Vikings came as invaders from the sea. They were robbers on plundering expeditions. Soon they took power over England and Ireland. They extended their ravaging expeditions to France and even to the Mediterranean. However, the gospel was preached in the domain that was later named the Kingdom of Sweden by Ansgar (who was eventually made archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen). He was sent to Scandinavia by the emperor Louis the Pious, son of Charlemagne, around 830, and a second time around 850. Ansgar celebrated the mass amidst foreigners living in the small town of Birka, not far from today’s Stockholm. He preached the gospel and founded a small congregation. Sadly, it faded away after a few decades. Of far greater importance for the process of christianisation was the Viking emigration to the British Isles.