NASA and Public Engagement After Apollo
Sharing the Shuttle with America: NASA and Public Engagement after Apollo Amy Paige Kaminski Dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Science and Technology in Society Sonja D. Schmid, Chair Barbara L. Allen Gary L. Downey Richard F. Hirsh Roger D. Launius March 6, 2015 Falls Church, Virginia Keywords: NASA, Space Shuttle, human space flight, public engagement, sociotechnical imaginaries, democratization, public participation Copyright 2015, Amy Paige Kaminski Sharing the Shuttle with America: NASA and Public Engagement after Apollo Amy Paige Kaminski Abstract Historical accounts depict NASA’s interactions with American citizens beyond government agencies and aerospace firms since the 1950s and 1960s as efforts to “sell” its human space flight initiatives and to position external publics as would-be observers, consumers, and supporters of such activities. Characterizing citizens solely as celebrants of NASA’s successes, however, masks the myriad publics, engagement modes, and influences that comprised NASA’s efforts to forge connections between human space flight and citizens after Apollo 11 culminated. While corroborating the premise that NASA constantly seeks public and political approval for its costly human space programs, I argue that maintaining legitimacy in light of shifting social attitudes, political priorities, and divided interest in space flight required NASA to reconsider how to serve and engage external publics vis-à-vis its next major human space program, the Space Shuttle. Adopting a sociotechnical imaginary featuring the Shuttle as a versatile technology that promised something for everyone, NASA sought to engage citizens with the Shuttle in ways appealing to their varied, expressed interests and became dependent on some publics’ direct involvement to render the vehicle viable economically, socially, and politically.
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