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Updated Names for Fungi Listed in Hammes Et Al French Polynesia French Polynesia Pest Survey E.H.C. McKenzie Landcare Research, New Zealand January 2003 European Union Secretariat of the Pacific Community Plant Protection Service 2 French Polynesia Plant Disease Survey 2001 The French Polynesia Survey 2003 was conducted by Landcare Research, New Zealand under contract to the SPC Plant Protection Service Disclaimer The findings in this report are specific to this project. Landcare Research and SPC Plant Protection Service accept no responsibility where information in the report is used for any other purpose, and will not be liable for any loss or damage resulting from such other use. 3 French Polynesia Plant Disease Survey 2001 Contents 1. Terms of Reference ................................................................................................................ 4 2. Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 5 3. Previous Disease Records ....................................................................................................... 5 4. Present Survey ........................................................................................................................ 5 4.1 Crops Examined ........................................................................................................ 5 4.2 New Diseases Recorded in Current Survey .............................................................. 7 4.2.1 Fungi ................................................................................................................ 7 4.2.2 Viruses and Virus-like Organisms ................................................................... 9 5. Most Serious Diseases ............................................................................................................ 9 6. Database of Diseases............................................................................................................. 10 7. References ............................................................................................................................. 10 8. Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................. 11 9. Itinerary ................................................................................................................................. 11 Appendix 1. Host Pathogen List for French Polynesia ............................................................. 12 Appendix 2. Collections from French Polynesia, Herb. PDD, 30 January 2003 (sorted by Fungus) ............................................................................................................................... 29 Appendix 3. Collections from French Polynesia, Herb. PDD, 30 January 2003 (sorted by Host) .................................................................................................................................... 34 Appendix 4. Updated Names for Fungi Listed in Hammes et al. (1989) ................................. 39 Appendix 5. Plant Viruses and Viroids in French Polynesia .................................................... 41 4 French Polynesia Plant Disease Survey 2001 1. Terms of Reference The duration of the consultancy is for 16 days. The first part of the consultancy is scheduled in French Polynesia from 3 to 20 September 2001 and the remaining 3 days will be for reviewing databases, literature and report preparation. (1) The consultant will report to the Plant Protection Adviser, (PPA) Suva, Fiji Islands. (2) Implement a disease and nematode survey of agricultural and forestry crops in French Polynesia. (3) Forward to relevant organisations suspected viral or nematode specimens for identification and incorporate resulting data into report. (4) Review the current diseases present in French Polynesia which affect agricultural development in French Polynesia, noting also those of major ecological concern. (5) Update the existing disease lists for relevant crops of French Polynesia. (6) The consultant will prepare the following reports with assistance from other team members: An interim report within 1 month of completing the field mission. A final report detailing the outcomes of the duties assigned letters b, c, d and e above. The final report should provide a listing of diseases for each host plant as well as a listing in alphabetical order of plant diseases (pathogens, viruses and nematodes, as well as other micro- organisms), and weeds. In addition, the final report should identify the 10 most serious diseases in the country. A hardcopy of the final report, with submissions from the Ministry of Agriculture and other stakeholders annexed to the report should be submitted no later than 3 month after completion of the field mission. Both the interim and final reports should be submitted as an electronic file to [email protected] with a copy to [email protected]. 5 French Polynesia Plant Disease Survey 2001 2. Introduction The present survey of plant diseases in French Polynesia was initiated following recommendations on surveillance and pest lists made at the Tenth Regional Technical Meeting on Plant Protection, Nadi 1999. The consultant plant pathologist, together with the SPC Plant Pathologist, visited French Polynesia for about 3 weeks in September 2001 to survey and assess the current situation with plant diseases. 3. Previous Disease Records Previous listings of plant diseases in French Polynesia include Cohic (1963), Mu (1982) and Hammes et al. (1989). These lists included fungal, bacterial, and viral pathogens, as well as nematodes and parasitic algae. There have been few recent records of plant pathogens in French Polynesia. In 2000, the pathogenic fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f.sp. microniae was released in Tahiti as a classical biocontrol agent against the weed Miconia calvescens (Meyer & Killgore, 2000). The only additional record of plant viruses since 1989 is of two vanilla viruses (Pearson et al., 1993). Recently, Pearson & Grisoni (2002) collated all records of plant viruses from the Pacific, including those from French Polynesia. Prior to the present survey, the New Zealand Fungal Herbarium (Herb. PDD, Auckland) contained only a few specimens from French Polynesia. These specimens had been collected by various people, including several specimens forwarded by the phytopathologist, L. Mu. Details of these holdings, and details on the specimens collected during the current survey, have been extracted from the associated PDD herbarium database (Appendix 2 and 3). 4. Present Survey 4.1 Crops Examined The consultant visited as many areas of Tahiti, Moorea, and Tubuai as possible to survey for diseases of plants. It was decided to concentrate mainly on those crops listed by Stout (1982). The following agricultural species were examined, but in some cases only a few plants were seen. Avocado (Persea americana) Banana (Musa spp.) Beet (Beta vulgaris) Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) Capsicum (Capsicum annuum) Carrot (Daucus carota) Cassava (Manihot esculenta) Chili pepper (Capsicum annuum) 6 French Polynesia Plant Disease Survey 2001 Chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis) Citrus (Citrus spp.) Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Coffee (Coffea arabica) Courgette (Cucurbita pepo var. melopepo) Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) Eggplant (Solanum melongena) English cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) Heliconia (Heliconia spp.) Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) Kava (Piper methysticum) Leeks (Allium porrum) Maize (Zea mays) Mango (Mangifera indica) Nono (Morinda citrifolia) Onion (Allium cepa) Orchid (Orchidaceae) Pandanus (Pandanus spp.) Papaya (Carica papaya) Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) Taro (Colocasia esculenta) Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Vanilla (Vanilla tahitensis) Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Approximately 190 specimens of diseases, suspected to be caused by fungi, were collected. The dried specimens were taken to Landcare Research laboratories, Mt Albert, New Zealand for identification. Some cultures were isolated from diseased plants, and these were sent to CABI, UK for identification. Suspected virus infections were also collected and sent for identification to CABI Bioscience, IACR-Rothamsted, Tropical Virus Unit. A complete host/pathogen list for French Polynesia is provided (Appendix 1). This list includes all known records of fungi, bacteria, algae, viruses and nematodes, which are pathogenic on plants in French Polynesia. The names of fungi, used by Hammes et al. (1989) have been updated (Appendix 4). Plant viruses and viroids occurring in French Polynesia have been extracted from Pearson & Grisoni (2002), and are listed in Appendix 5. 7 French Polynesia Plant Disease Survey 2001 4.2 New Diseases Recorded in Current Survey 4.2.1 Fungi In the following table all new pathogenic fungal/host combinations for French Polynesia are listed. First reported record of a pathogen in French Polynesia is marked with an asterisk (*). Host Plant Pest Scientific Name Remarks Allamanda cathartica Corynespora cassiicola Leaf spot; on garden plant Artocarpus altilis Uredo artocarpi* Leaf rust; on agricultural crop Artocarpus heterophyllus Rhizopus stolonifera* Rot of male inflorescence; on agricultural crop Bidens pilosa Uromyces bidenticola* Leaf rust; on weed Canna indica Puccinia thaliae* Leaf rust; on garden plant Capsicum annuum Glomerella cingulata Fruit rot; on agricultural crop Carica papaya Asperisporium
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