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Habitat Characteristic and Reproductive Biology of the Flat-Ribbed Scallop, Decatopecten Radula (Linnaeus, 1758) on the Coastal Waters of Guiuan, Eastern Samar

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Habitat Characteristic and Reproductive Biology of the Flat-Ribbed Scallop, Decatopecten Radula (Linnaeus, 1758) on the Coastal Waters of Guiuan, Eastern Samar Habitat Characteristic and Reproductive Biology of the Flat-ribbed scallop, Decatopecten radula (Linnaeus, 1758) on the Coastal waters of Guiuan, Eastern Samar Item Type article Authors Cabacaba, Nonita S.; Boiser, Ed-Marie B.; Cosmiano, David Jr. N.; Fabile, Karen Patricia A. DOI 10.31398/tpjf/25.1.2017A0006 Download date 29/09/2021 11:57:47 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/40962 The Philippine Journal of Fisheries 25 (1): 107-117 The Philippine Journal of FisheriesJanuary-June Volume 24 (1-2):2018 _____ DOI 10.31398/tpjf/25.1.2017A0006 January - December 2017 Habitat Characteristic and Reproductive Biology of the Flat-ribbed scallop, Decatopecten radula (Linnaeus, 1758) on the Coastal waters of Guiuan, Eastern Samar Nonita S. Cabacaba1,*, Ed-Marie B. Boiser1, David N. Cosmiano Jr2, Karen Patricia A. Fabile3 1National Fisheries Research and Development Institute Corporate 101 Building, Mother Ignacia Street, South Triangle, Quezon City, 1103 Philippines - National Marinewater Research and Development Center, Sto. Niño, Guiuan, Eastern Samar, 2Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Region 8, Guiuan Marine Fisheries Development Center, Sto. Niño, Guiuan, Eastern Samar, 3Environmental Bureau Region 8, DENR Compound, Jones St., Brgy. 2, Tacloban City, Leyte ABSTRACT Decatopecten radula is highly sought for its shell meat making it as a source of food and income for local shellfish gatherers in Guiuan, Eastern Samar. This study provides biological information for future conservation and management. Data were obtained monthly in the three selected sites within coastal waters of Guiuan, Eastern Samar from January 2016 to December 2016. These scallops were distributed at shallow areas of Trinidad Tubabao Island, Kamandag Reef, and Magluto Reef in depths of approximately 1-5 meters throughout the sampling period. Scallops are abundant in Kamandag reef where the site is characterized by its rocky area and mainly composed of a sandy bottom. Scallops were found on the surface of the sediment, attached to rocks or hard elements, hidden in a seagrass and seaweed. Physico-chemical parameters were observed within a narrow and normal range. Water temperature did not vary widely from 28°C to 30°C while salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen ranged from 33-34, 8.2-8.7, and 3.4–4.8 mg/L respectively. The results from the 825 scallops showed that D. radula is dioecious species with four gonad stages (developing, mature, spawning, spent) based on the histological examination and calculation of gonadosomatic index (GSI). The spawning period of the species is protracted and spawning peaks occur from August to November with a male-female sex ratio of 1:1.24. Size at sexual maturity reached 55 mm shell height (SH) in males and 60 mm SH in females. Thus, the collection of scallop should be limited to individuals >60 mm shell height. *E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Keywords: habitat description, reproductive cycle, spawning peak, Gonadosomatic Index Received: 29 March 2017 Accepted: 14 December 2017 1. INTRODUCTION Eastern Samar. It is commonly found on coarse sand and intertidal shallow sub-tidal waters to a depth of 20 Scallops comprise a large family (Pectinidae) of meters (FAO 1998). Decatopecten radula is traded and 264 recognized species and are found globally in a wide collected mainly for its shell meat, making it as a source range of marine habitats (Waller 1991). These bivalve of food and income of local bivalve gatherers. Despite the mollusks have worldwide commercial significance. The contribution of scallop to the commercial fishery, there consumption of seafood constitutes an important and is limited information on the reproductive biology of essential part of the diet of many people in the world this scallop species in the Philippines. Previous works and the need for increased production will persist as the have been done on the different scallop species. The human population expands. In 2000, landings of bivalves study of the temperate Comptopallium radula in New from capture fisheries and aquaculture operations totaled Caledonia (Lefort and Clavier 1994) reported spawning 14,204,152 metric tons. From 1991 to 2000 there was a of C. radula several times a month and the fluctuations continuous increase in production of bivalves, and the of reproductive intensity are related to temperature and landings more than doubled from 6.3 million tonnes in salinity fluctuations. Other previous works on the popular 1991 to 14 million tonnes in 2000 (Helm et al. 2004). commercially important scallop, Amusium pleuronectes, Thus, extensive studies on the ecology and reproductive were done by Del Norte et al. (1988) on its fishery in biology of many scallop species were done (Heald and Lingayen Gulf and Gabral-Llana (1988) on growth, Caputi 1981; Barber and Blake 1991; Brand 2006) to mortality, and recruitment in the Visayan sea. Recently, contribute to the biological information of these species there have been reports on the related scallop species, that can be used for their conservation and management. Chlamys senatoria, by Morillo-Manalo et al. (2016) on The flat-ribbed scallop Decatopecten radula the ecology and reproductive biology in Gigantes Islands, (Linnaeus, 1758) is locally known as “saliray” in Guiuan, Carles, Central Philippines and exploitation of three 107 The Philippine Journal of Fisheries Volume 24 (1-2): _____ JanuaryThe Philippine - December Journal 2017 of Fisheries 25 (1): 107-117 related scallops Chlamys funebris, Chlamys senatoria, and sampling area is located 60-70 meters from the shoreline Decatopecten nobilis by Soliman & Dioneda (2004) in of Brgy. Trinidad Tubabao Island. The main livelihood of Asid Gulf, Masbate. the inhabitants are crab fishing and culturing high-valued At present, there is no report on the fish in pens and corrals. The two sites are 4-4.8 km apart reproductive biology of Decatopecten radula in Guiuan, while Kamandag Reef is the farthest from the mainland Eastern Samar. This scallop species supports small- among the sites. scale commercial fishery and is still poorly understood. Gaps in understanding this species would incline Habitat Characterization indiscriminate harvest that would result in the decline of its natural populations, making it vulnerable to depletion. Through snorkeling, divers collected flat-ribbed Therefore, the main aim of this study was to describe the scallops and physico-chemical parameters in the sampling habitat, distribution and reproductive biology of flat- area. Water parameters such as salinity, temperature, ribbed scallop along coastal waters of Guiuan, Eastern dissolved oxygen, depth, and pH were monitored monthly Samar. Results of this study would add to the baseline from January –December 2016 using Horiba Multi- information which can be used in the management, parameter Water Quality Checker. Sediment samples conservation, and future aquaculture activities related to were collected only once throughout the sampling period. this species. Using an improvised polyvinylchloride corer, sediment samples were collected to test organic matter content and 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS were subjected to grain analysis following the method of Buchanan (1971). The collected sediment samples were Sampling Area brought straight to the National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Guiuan Mariculture Research and Guiuan, Eastern Samar is located 11° 2’ 0” N Development Center (NFRDI-GMRDC). Samples were and 125° 43’ 29” E at the southern east most tip of the air dried and sent to the Philippine Rootcrops Laboratory third largest island (Samar) in the Philippine archipelago, at VSU, Baybay City, Leyte for sediment analysis. with a total surface area of 175.5 km². Being located in Sediment analysis was done based on the standard the Pacific Ocean, Eastern Samar experiences great procedure of Walkley-Black (1986) with a revised version rainfall throughout the year. Magluto Reef, Kamandag of Mylavarapu (2009). For water analysis, water samples Reef, and Trinidad Reef served as sampling sites for this were collected once to test the Phosphate (PO4), Nitrate study (Figure 1). The sampling sites are fringing reefs and (NO3), and Nitrite (NO2) content of the seawater. The sea located facing the Leyte Gulf. Magluto Reef is closest to the water samples were preserved using concentrated sulfuric mainland. This reef is considered as one of the collection acid (H2SO4) and transported immediately to NFRDI sites of several invertebrates like sea cucumber, spider laboratory, Quezon City for the analysis. Using the UV conch, scallops, and other conch shells. Trinidad Reef is spectrophotometer, concentrations of Phosphate (PO4), located in Tubabao Island, Guiuan Eastern Samar. The Nitrate (NO3), and Nitrite (NO2) were read and detected. Figure 1. Sampling areas of the coastal areas of Guiuan, Eastern Samar at Trinidad Reef Tubabao Island, Kamandag Reef and Magluto Reef. 108 The Philippine Journal of Fisheries Volume 24 (1-2): _____ The Philippine Journal of Fisheries 25 (1): 107-117 January - December 2017 Vegetation such as seagrasses or seaweeds Gonad weight (g) GSI = x 100 in the selected sampling area were assessed. Seagrass Gonad tissue weight (g) assessment was conducted quarterly following the works done by English et al. (1994), Mckenzie et al. (2007), and On the other hand, size at sexual maturity Evans (2008). Within a selected area, three 100 m transect was determined by the scatter plot of the monthly lines were laid out and positioned perpendicular to the gonadosomatic index (GSI) against shell height (SH). shore. Transects were 25 m apart, parallel to each other and the start and end position of transects were recorded Histological Analysis using GPS. Reading of seagrasses/seaweeds were taken by placing the 0.25m² quadrat from 0 meter to 100 meters Scallops were dissected and the gonad was with 10-meter interval. Each seagrass/seaweed species removed carefully using the surgical scissors. Small, seen inside the quadrat were identified, recorded, and middle portion of the gonads was taken as a sample counted to determine the composition, abundance, and then preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol.
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