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Scaling up to Form Marine Protected Area Networks: the Role of Coordination of Initiatives and Institutional Collaborations in the Philippines

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ResearchOnline@JCU This file is part of the following reference: Horigue, Vera Christine (2014) Scaling up to form marine protected area networks: the role of coordination of initiatives and institutional collaborations in the Philippines. PhD thesis, James Cook University. Access to this file is available from: http://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/39883/ The author has certified to JCU that they have made a reasonable effort to gain permission and acknowledge the owner of any third party copyright material included in this document. If you believe that this is not the case, please contact [email protected] and quote http://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/39883/ Scaling up to form marine protected area networks: The role of coordination of initiatives and institutional collaborations in the Philippines Thesis submitted by Vera Christine Horigue BSc Biology (Major in Zoology), University of the Philippines MSc Water and Coastal Management, University of Plymouth and Universidad de Cadiz In April 2014 For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In the Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University a Statement of access I, the undersigned, author of this work, understand that James Cook University will make this thesis available for use within the University Library, via the Australian Theses Network, or by other means allow access to users in other approved libraries. I understand that as an unpublished work, a thesis has significant protection under the Copyright Act and beyond this, I do not wish to place any restriction access to this thesis. 14-April-2014 ___________________________ Signature, Vera Horigue Date i Statement of sources declaration I declare that this thesis is my own work and has not been submitted in any form for another degree or diploma at any university or other institution of tertiary education. Information derived from the published or unpublished work of others has been duly acknowledged in the text and a list of references is given. 14-April-2014 ____________________________ Signature, Vera Horigue Date ii Statement on the declaration of human ethics This research presented and reported in this thesis was conducted in accordance with the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research, 2007. The proposed research study received human research ethics approval from the JCU Human Research Ethics Committee Approval Number # H3995. 14-April-2014 ____________________________ Signature, Vera Horigue Date iii Statement on the contributions of others Research Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Funding Reef Studies (IRA for 3 years) $12,000 Graduate Research School, James Cook University $2,174 Rare Conservation – Philippines (Awarded in PHP) $2,403 Rufford Small Grants Foundation (Awarded in GBP) $5,345 Tuition and James Cook University Stipend International Postgraduate Research Scholarship (3.5 years) $81,000 Write-up Scholarship (6 months) $12,000 In-kind Support The Marine Science Institute – University of the Philippines Conservation International - Philippines Supervision Prof. Robert L. Pressey (Primary) Dr. Simon Foale Dr. Michael Fabinyi Prof. Porfirio M. Aliño (The Marine Science Institute) Data for analysis Conservation International – Philippines and models The Marine Science Institute Philippine MPA Support Network Statistical, Dr. Alan T. White (Chapter 2,4) analytical and Dr. Vanessa Adams (Chapter 3) modelling Dr. Serge Andrefouet (Chapter 3) support Dr. Jana Brotankova (Chapter 3) Reniel Cabral (Chapter 3) Dr. Johnathan Kool (Chapter 3) Dr. Morena Mills (Chapter 3) Dr. April Reside (Chapter 3) Dr. Jeremy VanDerWal (Chapter 3) Editorial support Prof. Robert L. Pressey (whole thesis) Prof. Porfirio M. Aliño (Chapter 2,4) Dr. Michael Fabinyi (Chapter 1,4,5) Dr. Simon Foale (Chapter 4,5) Dr. Alan T. White (Chapter 2,4) 6 Anonymous reviewers of my published chapters (Chapter 2,4) iv Acknowledgements I am very grateful to my supervisors Bob Pressey, Perry Aliño, Simon Foale and Mike Fabinyi. I owe you my sincerest and deepest gratitude for the time and support these past years. You’ve all been inspirational to me, because of your passion for good quality research, and for your efforts to balance conservation initiatives and human needs. Thank you Bob for allowing me to pursue the research I want to do, for teaching me to be better at communicating my research, for challenging me and believing that I could do good quality research, and teaching me the importance of work-life balance. Thank you Sir Perry for providing me with opportunities to help support my thesis work, teaching me to network, believing in me whenever I feel that I am not ready, and reminding me that hope springs eternal for conservation, and coastal management in the Philippines. Thank you Simon for encouraging me to be ambitious, to tackle difficult questions, and for reminding me to look at the bigger picture. My Kuya Mike, thank you for your support and patience not just in terms of research but also for being a big brother to me. Thank you for helping me when I was confused about my project and about life in general, for the laugh trips and food trips. Conducting my research would not have been possible without the collaboration and support of various people and organizations. I would like to thank the members of the Philippine MPA Support Network, especially the following organizations and people: Conservation International – Philippines – Sir Romy Trono and Sir Oliver Coroza for allowing me to have access to the data that I needed, to Ms. Marion Abuel-Daclan and Ms. Mai Lim for allowing me to participate in your activities and piggy back during the data gathering in Batangas, Kuya Rollan Geronimo and Ate Emerlinda Celeste-Dizon for the advice and comments on the network effectiveness assessment tool and discussions about MPA governance, and my cousin Prime Premne for help with data gathering in Batangas and Cebuano translations; Rare Conservation – Philippines – Stuart Green, Kuya Fel Cadiz and Kuya Roquelito Mancao for support during the field work in Lanuza; Coastal Conservation and Education Foundation – Atty. Liza Eisma-Osorio for the support during the field work in Camotes. Thanks Dr. Alan White for helping me with my thesis chapters, for the prompt response to my questions, and for advice on my research. I would not have been able to conduct my research without financial and in-kind support. I would like to thank the following institutions for supporting my research: James Cook University’s Graduate Research School and the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies for providing me the opportunity to study at JCU and pursue my research. I would also like to thank The Marine Science Institute, Rufford Small Grants Foundation, Rare Conservation – Philippines and Conservation International – Philippines for the financial and in-kind support during the fieldwork. Thanks to my field assistants in Batangas, Camotes and Lanuza, Dean Apistar, Vincent Lumbab, Grace Opulencia, Merle Ravelo, and Kherbie Redondo. Thank you so much for your hard work and for keeping me company during my research! Thank you to my host family – the Ravelos, because of you I was able to learn Surigaonon and adjust faster to life in Surigao. Thank you for accommodating me. v Thank you to all the interviewees, group discussion participants, and survey participants. Thank you to all the communities and local governments that accommodated me and welcomed me into their cities, municipalities and provinces. I would not have been able to get any data if it were not for your patience, and time you gave me to learn about my case study areas. I would also like to thank Ms. Abbie Trinidad-Cruz, Sir Al Licuanan, Dr. Garry Russ, Mam Annette Junio-Meñez, Sir K Villanoy and Dr. Edgardo Gomez for making time for me, for providing advice whenever I came to you and for being good role models. Thanks to all my friends and colleagues in the Philippines. Special thanks to Mags Quibilan, Rene and Nadia Abesamis, Noy Beldia, Hubert Froyalde, Reniel Cabral, Rollan Geronimo, Rhia Gonzales, Hati Aliño, Ting Nañola, Deb Cleland, Melen Celeste, Renmar Martinez, Fleur Panga, Sheryl Vinluan, Bhebz España, Arah Narida, Kubi Follosco, Joanne Tiquio, Sam Mamauag, Michelle Baird, and Melchor Deocadez. Thanks for all the encouraging words, the helpful and interesting conversations, for the songs, spoiling me with coffee and food, and help with administrative preparations whenever I was in the Philippines. I miss you all. Thanks to all my friends in Townsville and for the help with the thesis and life in general. You kept me sane, reminded me to take care of myself, and have fun. Thank you Georgina Gurney, Johnathan Kool, Erika Woolsey, Karen Chong-Seng, Melanie Hamel, Milena Kim, Sal Keith, Jeroen van de Water, CY Kuo, Jorge Alvarez-Romero, Christina Hicks, Jana Brotankova, Morena Mills, Sarinda Singh, Tatjana Good, Natalie Ban, Stephen Ban, Sue Lyn Lim, Colin Wen, James Tan, Salvador Zarco-Perello, Mariana Fuentes, Louisa Evans, Pip Cohen, Nick Graham, Joshua Cinner, Cindy Huchery, Tom Brewer, and Duan Biggs, Martina Prazeres, Kate Nairn, Rob Holm, Johannes Hammerli, Fraser and Steph Hartley. Thanks to my family Nanay, Tatay, Kuya Pierre, Kuya Don, Pangkins Dax and Xyrah, and the rest of the Flores and Horigue clans, and my super friends Zak and Dani for always believing in me and supporting me throughout my thesis and decades. I love you all. Lastly, to
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