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Hamburg and the Estuary

Introduction to a Special Side

By Foto: © Thomas Fries, Lizenz: cc-by-sa-3.0 de,, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=26939627 Cities and infrastructure Integral adaptive concepts applied in urban deltas 1

The Elbe Estuary

Lower Saxony

Source: © Adminstration for Environment and Energy

Source: ©FGG Elbe, http://www.fgg-elbe.de/tl_files/Grafiken/FGG_Elbe/fgg_bundeslaender.gif, edited by Ivonne Stresius Wednesday, 11 May 2016 Ivonne Stresius 2

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Pressures

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Effects of Climate Change

• Sea level rise 63 – 90 cm until 2100 • Change in flora and fauna • Nearly no change in annual rainfall • Effects on forest ecosystems • But drier summers and more • Vegetation period will start earlier precipitation in winter • Lower water levels in the Elbe River • Increase of mean annual temperature in summer of 2.5 -3.0°C until 2100 • Droughts • Hotter summer and milder winter • ……? • Higher water level and waves at storm surges • More storm surges in winter • Change of wind climate

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Environmental Quality

Natura 2000 areas in the Elbe Estuary

Source: Tide Project, http://www.tide-toolbox.eu/images/content/reports/74_fig2a_thumb.jpg Pictures from Natura 2000, Management planning for the Elbe estuary, http://www.natura2000-unterelbe.de/galerie.php

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Environmental Quality

Hydrological and morpho-dynamic aspects

Increase of tidal range

Anthropogenic structural changes Tidal pumping

.]

Source: HPA a.m.s.l

• Silting up of tributaries • Expansion of river mouth • Increase of dredging volume

• Loss of foreshore areas and Water Level Gauge St. Pauli [cm St.Pauli Gauge Level Water

shallow water zones Source: HPA

Source: HPA Ivonne Stresius 6 Wednesday, 11 May 2016

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Environmental Quality

Ecological status according to the EU Water Framework Oxygen Directive (August 2004) Tidal range 2005

Tidal range 1905 Cadmium In suspended sediments

Suspended matter

Source: Natura 2000, Management Planning for the Elbe Estuary, http://www.natura2000-unterelbe.de/plan- Der-Gesamtplan.php Wednesday, 11 May 2016 Ivonne Stresius 7

Port Economy

Source: Hamburg Port Authority, Hafenentwicklungsplan bis 2025, www.hamburg-port-authority.de

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Port Economy

Von © Walter Rademacher / Wikipedia - Eigenes Werk, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=10878370

Deepening

Change of water depth from 1860-2008

Source: Hamburger Abendblatt (German newspaper): 22.08.2006, modified by : Sohrmann et al., 2008 Wednesday, 11 May 2016 Ivonne Stresius 9

Flood Protection

Flood hazard at a flood with low probability

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Flood Protection

Changes in the last 50 years: • Cut off of 10 tributaries • Loss of 21,000 ha foreshore areas Source: HPA, http://www.hamburg-port-authority.de/de/der-hafen-hamburg/foerderprogramm/PublishingImages/privater- • Loss of shallow water zones hochwasserschutz-header.jpg Hamburg port: • Private flood protection in the port • Standard of protection has to be adapted to public constructions

Reinforcement dykes Dyke reconstruction in Schleswig-Holstein

Reserve for additional construction Dyke strengthening for climate adaptation

Adapted dyke profile Present dyke Wednesday, 11 May 2016 Ivonne Stresius 11

Flood Protection • Start of construction 2001 • 157 ha former Harbour and industrial area (127 ha land) HafenCity • 3,1 km riverbanks Hamburg • Outside the dyke line • All buildings atop of elevated flood protected terps , so-called “Warftsockel” 8-9 m above sea level Von Reinhard Kraasch - Eigenes Werk, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=11442036 • With underground car parks in the plinths • Elevated streets and bridges 7.5-8.3 m above sea level • Flood protected access roads to the city centre

Von Flor!an - Eigenes Werk, CC BY-SA 3.0, Wednesday, 11 May 2016 https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=30740980 Ivonne Stresius 12

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Flood Protection “The next 80 years are safe, sea-level rise for the next 80 years technically controllable” But… What comes after that? How much sea level rise will we get? When is the time to decide? Management concept for the Elbe Estuary from Hamburg Port Authority and the German Federal Waterway and Shipping Administration • Reducing the tidal energy by river engineering measures in the mouth of the Elbe River • Development of flood plains

Source: Studio Urbane Landschaften Hamburg, http://www.osp-urbanelandschaften.de/Die-Zukunft-der- • Optimisation of sediment management Elbmuendung.542.0.html Wednesday, 11 May 2016 Ivonne Stresius 13

Thank you

Contact

Wednesday, 11 MayIvonne.Stresius@haw 2016 Ivonne Stresius -hamburg.de 14 Foto: Susanne Heise

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