DOCSLIB.ORG

Car Classification

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Car Classification © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies Session 3 Classification of Car by Body Style Session Speaker Mr. Mithun S. K. © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies Session Objectives At the end of this session the delegate would have understood - How cars are classified on basis of body style - Development and history behind different body style © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 3 Session Topics 1. Basic Definitions 2. Different types of Car Body Style 3. Development and History Behind Different Body Style © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 4 Terms used to describe early vehicle body styles 1. In the history of the motor car there has been some specific the names used to describe various types of body styles, built by coach builders from different countries 2. The following terms relate to the vehicles produced during the period 1895 to 1915 © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 5 Terms used to describe early vehicle body styles • Berlina - a typical luxury carriage for travelling, taking its name after Berlin. It has an enclosed construction with benches facing one another. In front of the body casing there is a raised driver's box • Cab - an enclosed two-seat carriage, that Berlina could have two or four wheels. It used to be a common carriage to be hired in cities • Cabriolet - an open two-seater designed to be pulled by a single horse. The two rear seats could be protected from rain by a folding roof. Cabriolet © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 6 Terms used to describe early vehicle body styles Phaeton • Phaeton - a light four-wheel carriage. The front bench, that is bigger and more comfortable. At the rear there was a bench for four. © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 7 Terms used to describe early vehicle body styles • Landauer - a common version of a classical coach .It is characteristic for its two-part roofing folding forwards and backwards. If the front part is not made of cloth or leather, but with glass windows • Landaulet - a reduced Landauer, similarly to a Coupé being a two- seater version of a Berlina, a Landaulet is really a two-seater version of a Landauer. © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 8 Micro car Messerschmitt KR-200 (1955) • Micro cars are usually designed and produced for economic purposes when materials and heavy equipment are scarce or fuel is scarce and expensive. • Less than 3 meters in length and less than 85 cubic feet /2400 liters interior volume. • Earlier engine capacity were under 1.0 liter and seat only two passengers and many have only three wheels. © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 9 Micro car • Microcar designs boomed in post-World War II Europe, particularly in Germany. • Former military aircraft manufacturers such as Messerschmitt and Heinkel were prominent microcar makers. • Aircraft-style bubble canopies due to the aviation influence on F. M. R. Tg-500 (1959) design - Bubble cars. © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 10 Micro car • Aircraft designer Ernst Heinkel using aircraft principles and making it lighter yet faster with a smaller engine. • Unique way to get in and out off the car. • Very small cars have also been popular in Japan and US. • Keicars - differ from most of the European microcars in that they are typically designed and built as scaled- down versions of very traditional car configurations. 1956 Heinkel Kabine © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 11 Micro car 1950 Reyonnah 1959 PTV • It has a radical solution to the problem of parking. • PTV was the second-biggest-selling microcar in Spain. © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 12 Reason for a Micro car • A small car with very small engines being treated as motorcycles for tax and insurance purposes. • No car drivers license was needed (Austria, Germany, Spain, Portugal). • Advantage in ease of parking . • Improves handling by reducing the angular inertia. © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 13 Modern Micro Cars • The Smart (model Fortwo) launched in 1998 was a successful re-invention of the microcar Smart (model Fortwo) © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 14 Electric Micro car • The Corbin Sparrow, a single- seat electric microcar that can be licenced as a motorcycle. • The Global Electric Motorcars GEM, a 2- or 4-passenger "Golf Car" style vehicle. Corbin Sparrow • The REVA electric vehicle from India. REVA © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 15 Micro car © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 16 Hatchbacks • An automobile design, consisting of a passenger cabin with an integrated cargo space, accessed from behind the vehicle by a tailgate. • Opening rear tail gate. • The interior design include fold- down rear seats, which can be used as a cargo area. Renault Clio • The rear seat can be folded partially (for instance 1/2, 1/3 or 2/3) or completely to expand the cargo space. © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 17 Hot Hatchs • High performance version of hatch back are knows as Hot hatchs • The rear seat in line with the D- Pillar and the short space behind the rear wheels. Citroën Traction Avant Commerciale (1938) © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 18 History of Hatchbacks • The Renault 4 (1961) was a popular hatchback layout in Europe. Its tailgate was a single door incorporating the window and hinged at the top with side windows between C & D-pillars over the load space and a steep angle from roof to rear bumper. • During its production run the R4 was called a small station wagon, even after the term hatchback appeared around 1970. Renault 4 © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 19 History of Hatchbacks • Innocenti A40S Combinata (1962), had a single-unit tailgate, features the modern hatchback Innocenti A40S Combinata (1962) © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 20 History of Hatchbacks • Hatchbacks were popular for smaller vehicles in the U.S. and Canada during the fuel crises of the 1970s • Styling of trunked cars more elegant and dignified than that of hatchbacks • The poor quality and basic nature of many hatchbacks also gave them a reputation for cheapness AMC Gremlin Honda Civic - 1972 © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 21 History of Hatchbacks • The first all-Italian hatchback was the Fiat 127, which went into production during 1971. • The first German hatchback was the Volkswagen Passat (Dasher in North America) of 1973, followed by the more popular Volkswagen Golf (Rabbit in North America) in 1974 Volkswagen Golf © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 22 1980s the Golden Era for Hatchbacks Lancia Delta Vauxhall Astra Fiat Tipo © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 23 Hatchbacks in 1990s Volkswagen Golf Fiat Bravo Ford Focus © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 24 Hatchbacks in 2000 © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 25 Sedan Peugeot-206-sedan • Type of car design consists of engine compartment, passenger compartment and a separate boot • A sedan posses fixed roof with fixed B pillar which seats four or more • Most commonly it is a four-door; two-door models are rare © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 26 Sedan and its types • Notchback sedan Ford-4-door-verve-concept • A notchback sedan is a three-box sedan, where the passenger volume is very distinct from the trunk volume of the vehicle. • The roof is on one plane, generally parallel to the ground, the rear window (tail light) at a sharp angle to the roof, and the trunk lid is also parallel to the ground. © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 27 Sedan and its types • Fastback sedan Audi-roadjet-concept • A fastback sedan is a two-box sedan, with continuous slope from the roof to the base of the decklid, but excludes the hatchback feature • Typically this design is chosen for its aerodynamic advantages. Automakers can no longer afford the penalty in fuel consumption produced by the traditional notchback three box form © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 28 Sedan and its types • Two Door Sedan • 1959 Rambler American • The SAE defines such a vehicle as any two-door model with rear accommodation greater than or equal to 33 cubic feet (0.934 m³) in volume (includes legroom, shoulder room, and headroom) © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 29 Liftbacks • Liftbacks have either fastback- like rear ends, which are significantly sloped compared to more vertical hatchbacks, or are notchback-shaped • For better aerodynamics • Based on Kamm back design trend © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 30 Coupe • Coupe was an enclosed two-seater mainly used in towns and was driven by a coachman. • If the carriage had an emergency (tip-up) seat or a seat for a child, then it was a so- called three-quarter coupé • Coupés generally, but not necessarily, have two doors, although automobile makers have offered four-door coupés and three- and five-door hatchback coupés, as well. • The SAE distinguishes a coupé from a sedan (saloon) primarily by interior volume • SAE standard J1100 defines a coupé as a fixed-roof automobile with less than 33 ft2 of rear interior volume© M S Ramaiah. School of Advanced Studies 31 Two door Sedan and Coupe • Two Door Sedan • Coupes 1940 Pontiac two-door sedan BMW-1-Series-Coupe • Vehicles with a B-pillar • While hardtops (without the between the front and rear pillar, and often incorporating windows are generally called a sloping backlight) are called two-door sedans coupés © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 32 Coupe – As a Marketing Term • Due to it sportier looks compared to sedan • Some four door sedans are being marketed as coupés, notably the Mercedes-Benz Mercedes-Benz CLS-Class CLS-Class , Audi A5 • Modern coupés generally have the styling feature of frameless doors Audi A5 © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 33 Convertibles • Vehicles whose roofs may be showed or who side windows may be completely lowered © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 34 Convertibles Plymouth Convertible (1939) • In 1939 Plymouth introduced the first convertible with a power top • It was activated by pneumatic cylinders, and removed a major inconvenience of open cars.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2016 Board of Directors Contents
    EFFECTIVE FIRST DAY OF THE MONTH UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED January 2016 BOARD OF DIRECTORS CONTENTS BOARD OF DIRECTORS | December 4-5, 2015 BOARD OF DIRECTORS 1 SOLO 28 The SCCA National Board of Directors met in Kansas City, Friday, December 4 and SEB Minutes 28 December 5, 2015. Area Directors participating were: John Walsh, Chairman, Dan Helman, Vice-Chairman, Todd Butler, Secretary; Bill Kephart, Treasurer; Dick Patullo, CLUB RACING 32 Lee Hill, Steve Harris, Bruce Lindstrand, Terry Hanushek, Tere Pulliam, Peter Zekert, CRB Minutes 32 Brian McCarthy and KJ Christopher and newly elected directors Arnold Coleman, Bob Technical Bulletin 41 Dowie and Jim Weidenbaum. Court of Appeals 52 Divisional Time Trials Comm. 53 The following SCCA, Inc. staff participated in the meeting: Lisa Noble, President RALLY 54 and CEO; Eric Prill, Chief Operations Officer; Mindi Pfannenstiel, Senior Director of RallyCross 54 Finance and Aimee Thoennes, Executive Assistant. Road Rally 56 Guests attending the meeting were Jim Wheeler, Chairman of the CRB. LINKS 57 The secretary acknowledges that these minutes may not appear in chronological order and that all participants were not present for the entire meeting. The meeting was called to order by Vice Chair Helman. Executive Team Report and Staff Action Items President Noble provided a review of 2015 key programs and deliverables with topic areas of core program growth, scca.com, and partnerships. Current initiatives to streamline event process with e-logbook tied into event registration, modernize timing systems in Pro Solo, connecting experiential programs (eg TNIA, Starting Line) to core programs. Multiple program offerings to enhance weekend events.
    [Show full text]
  • Quantitative Analysis of Drag Reduction Methods for Blunt Shaped Automobiles
    applied sciences Review Quantitative Analysis of Drag Reduction Methods for Blunt Shaped Automobiles Ferenc Szodrai Department of Building Services and Building Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Debrecen, 4028 Debrecen, Hungary; [email protected] Received: 30 April 2020; Accepted: 19 June 2020; Published: 23 June 2020 Abstract: In fluid mechanics, drag related problems aim to reduce fuel consumption. This paper is intended to provide guidance for drag reduction applications on cars. The review covers papers from the beginning of 2000 to April 2020 related to drag reduction research for ground vehicles. Research papers were collected from the library of Science Direct, Web of Science, and Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). Achieved drag reductions of each research paper was collected and evaluated. The assessed research papers attained their results by wind tunnel measurements or calculating validated numerical models. The study mainly focuses on hatchback and notchback shaped ground vehicle drag reduction methods, such as active and passive systems. Quantitative analysis was made for the drag reduction methods where relative and absolute drag changes were used for evaluations. Keywords: active flow control; passive flow control; coefficient of drag; ground vehicle; car 1. Introduction In the field of fluid mechanics, drag related problems are fascinating to examine. With a small modification of complex geometry, flow aerodynamics can be changed; thus, less energy will be needed for the propulsion system for a vehicle. Drag related problems were first examined in the aeronautical industry after the automotive industry also realised that it could affect fuel consumption reduction. For ground vehicles, drag related problems are specific due to external effects, such as road inclination and wind.
    [Show full text]
  • Vehicle Size and Fatality Risk in Model Year 1985-93 Passenger Cars and Light Trucks
    U.S. Department of Transportation http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov National Highway Traffic Safety Administration DOT HS 808 570 January 1997 NHTSA Technical Report Relationships between Vehicle Size and Fatality Risk in Model Year 1985-93 Passenger Cars and Light Trucks This document is available to the public from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161. The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers' names appear only because they are considered essential to the object of this report. Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Go ,i on No. 3, Recipient's Catalog No. DOT HS 808 570 4. Title ond Subtitle 5. Report Dote January 1997 Relationships Between Vehicle Size and Fatality Risk 6. Performing Organization Code in Model Year 1985-93 Passenger Cars and Light Trucks 8. Performing Organization Report No 7. Author's) Charles J. Kahane, Ph.D. 9. Performing Organization Name ond Address 10. Wort Unit No. (TRAIS) Evaluation Division, Plans and Policy National Highway Traffic Safety Administration 11. Conrroct or Grant No. Washington, D.C. 20590 13. Type of Report and Period Cohered 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address Department of Transportation NHTSA Technical Report National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Sponsoring Agency Code Washington, D.C. 20590 15. Supplementary. Notes NHTSA Reports DOT HS 808 569 through DOT HS 808 575 address vehicle size and safety. 16. Abstract Fatality rates per million exposure years are computed by make, model and model year, based on the crash experience of model year 1985-93 passenger cars and light trucks (pickups, vans and sport utility vehicles) in the United States during calendar years 1989-93.
    [Show full text]
  • HO Scale Price List 2019
    GAUGEMASTER HO Scale price list 2019 Prices correct at time of going to press and are subject to change at any time Post free option is available for orders above a value of £15 to mainland UK addresses*. Non-mainland UK orders are posted at cost. Orders to non-EC destinations are VAT free. *Except orders containing one or more items above a length of 600mm and below a total order value of £25. Order conforming to this exception will be charged carriage at cost (not to exceed £4.95) Gaugemaster Controls Ltd Gaugemaster House Ford Road Arundel West Sussex BN18 0BN Tel - (01903) 884321 Fax - (01903) 884377 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Printed: 06/09/2019 KEY TO PRICE LISTS The following legends appear at the front of the Product Name for certain entries: * : New Item not yet available # : Not in production, stock available #D# : Discontinued, few remaining #P# : New Item, limited availability www.gaugemaster.com Registered in England No: 2714470. Registered Office: Gaugemaster House, Ford Road, Arundel, West Sussex, BN18 0BN. Directors: R K Taylor, D J Taylor. Bankers: Royal Bank of Scotland PLC, South Street, Chichester, West Sussex, England. Sort Code: 16-16-20 Account No: 11318851 VAT reg: 587 8089 71 1 Contents Atlas 3 Magazines/Books 38 Atlas O 5 Marklin 38 Bachmann 5 Marklin Club 42 Busch 5 Mehano 43 Cararama 8 Merten 43 Dapol 9 Model Power 43 Dapol Kits 9 Modelcraft 43 DCC Concepts 9 MRC 44 Deluxe Materials 11 myWorld 44 DM Toys 11 Noch 44 Electrotren 11 Oxford Diecast 53 Faller 12
    [Show full text]
  • 2009 Autocross Entry Form
    2021 AUTOCROSS / OPEN TRACK ENTRY FORM RMMR AX Event Classifications Stock Classes (ES, ESL, FS, FSL, LS, LSL): Mustang as produced with options available year of manufacture. One modification allowed over stock to suspension or gear ratio. Suspension must retain original configuration and ride height. Up to two modifications allowed to engine over stock. No power adders (eco boost excepted). No autocross or road race tires with wear indicators of less than 200 allowed. Allowed modifications are as follows: Suspension – higher rate springs, sway bars, wheels, and traction bars. One modification only. Shock absorbers are not considered a modification. No modification is allowed that does not adhere to the original suspension design and mounting points. Devices that allow for suspension alignment tuning are allowed. Upgraded brake system and steering systems that were not available for the model year are not allowed. Gear ratio – any gear ratio that was available during the model years covered by the class. Engine - intake manifold, carburetor, throttle body, air cleaner, exhaust headers, and chip upgrade. Two modifications only. Transmission – Transmission swaps/replacements are allowed only for transmissions that were available during the model year covered by the class. Street Prepared Classes (ESP, ESPL, FSP, FSPL, LSP, LSPL): Additional modifications allowed over stock. Car must be titled, have current license plates, be street driven. No major lightening is allowed. Car must have a full interior. The following models due to their superiority over the standard offerings of their model year are considered as Street Prepared cars:’93-’01 Cobra (non supercharged), Bullitt, ’03 –‘04 Mach1, 2012-13 Boss 302, 2011 - 2021 GT,’06 – ’21 Shelby GT/GTH/GT350 (non supercharged), and other non supercharged Shelby, Roush & Saleen models and all electric power vehicles.
    [Show full text]
  • Au 81 Vechicl3e Body Engg Notes
    UNIT 1- CAR BODY DETAILS Cars can come in a large variety of different body styles . Some are still in production, while others are of historical interest only. These styles are largely (though not completely) independent of a car's classification in terms of price, size and intended broad market; the same car model might be available in multiple body styles (or model ranges ). For some of the following terms, especially relating to four-wheel drive / SUV models and minivan / MPV models, the distinction between body style and classification is particularly narrow. Please note that while each body style has a historical and technical definition, in common usage such definitions are often blurred. Over time, the common usage of each term evolves. For example, people often call 4-passenger sport coupés a "sports car", while purists will insist that a sports car by definition is limited to two-place vehicles. Body work In automotive engineering , the bodywork of an automobile is the structure which protects: ⦁ The occupants ⦁ Any other payload ⦁ The mechanical components. In vehicles with a separate frame or chassis , the term bodywork is normally applied to only the non-structural panels, including doors and other movable panels, but it may also be used more generally to include the structural components which support the mechanical components. Construction There are three main types of automotive bodywork: ⦁ The first automobiles were designs adapted in large part from horse-drawn carriages, and had body-on-frame construction with a wooden frame and wooden or metal body panels. Wooden-framed motor vehicles remain in production to this day, with many of the cars made by the Morgan Motor Company still having wooden structures underlying their bodywork.
    [Show full text]
  • Revisiting the Compcars Dataset for Hierarchical Car Classification
    sensors Article Revisiting the CompCars Dataset for Hierarchical Car Classification: New Annotations, Experiments, and Results Marco Buzzelli * and Luca Segantin Department of Informatics Systems and Communication, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: We address the task of classifying car images at multiple levels of detail, ranging from the top-level car type, down to the specific car make, model, and year. We analyze existing datasets for car classification, and identify the CompCars as an excellent starting point for our task. We show that convolutional neural networks achieve an accuracy above 90% on the finest-level classification task. This high performance, however, is scarcely representative of real-world situations, as it is evaluated on a biased training/test split. In this work, we revisit the CompCars dataset by first defining a new training/test split, which better represents real-world scenarios by setting a more realistic baseline at 61% accuracy on the new test set. We also propagate the existing (but limited) type-level annotation to the entire dataset, and we finally provide a car-tight bounding box for each image, automatically defined through an ad hoc car detector. To evaluate this revisited dataset, we design and implement three different approaches to car classification, two of which exploit the hierarchical nature of car annotations. Our experiments show that higher-level classification in terms of car type positively impacts classification at a finer grain, now reaching 70% accuracy. The achieved performance constitutes a baseline benchmark for future research, and our enriched set of annotations is made available for public download.
    [Show full text]
  • PT & TT Car Classification Form
    ® NASA Performance Touring (PTD-PTF) & Time Trial (TTD-TTF) Car Classification Form--2018 (v13.1/15.1—1-15-18) Driver or Team Name________________________________ Date______________ Car Number________ Region_____________ e-mail________________________________________ Car Color_______________ If a team, list drivers’ names (two maximum per team): ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ Vehicle: Year_______ Make______________ Model___________________ Special Edition?____________ NASA PT/TT Base Class _____________ Base Weight Listing (from PT/TT Rules)______________lbs. Minimum Competition Weight (w/driver)_______________lbs. Multiple ECU Maps? Describe switching method and HP levels:_____________________________________________ DYNO RE-CLASSED VEHICLES Only: (Only complete this section if the vehicle has been Dyno Re-classed by the National PT/TT Director!) New PT/TT Base Class Assigned by the National PT/TT Director:_________(Attach a copy of the re-classing e-mail) Maximum allowed Peak whp_________hp Minimum Competition Weight__________lbs. All cars with a Motor Swap, Aftermarket Forced Induction, Modified Turbo/Supercharger, Aftermarket Head(s), Increased Number of Camshafts, Hybrid Engine, and Ported Rotary motors MUST be assessed by the National PT/TT Director for re-classification into a new PT/TT Base Class! (See PT Rules sections 6.3.C and 6.4) (E-mail the information in the listed format in PT Rules section 6.4.2 to the National PT/TT Director at [email protected] to receive your new PT/TT Base Class) Note: Any car exceeding the Adjusted Weight/Horsepower Ratio limit for its class will be disqualified. (see PT Rules Section 6.1.2 and Appendix A of PT Rules). Proceed to calculate your vehicle’s Modification Points assessment for up-classing purposes.
    [Show full text]
  • 4N6XPRT Systems Vehicle Data for IATAI Crash Test Vehicles
    * * * A T T E N T I O N * * * --------------------- Individual Vehicle dimensions were obtained through the use of the Expert AutoStats(R) program. The Expert AutoStats(R) program contains a multitude of vehicle dimensions and specifications on over 47,000 different vehicles and 203 different manufacturers spanning more than 71 years. While every attempt has been made to ensure accurate data,these dimensions are meant to be used as first approximations. Some measurements are dependant on such factors as tire and rim sizes, tire inflation pressure and wear, suspension system condition, bumper type and style, and other manufacturing variations from vehicle to vehicle. Whenever feasible, the vehicle in question or an exemplar vehicle should be measured to verify data important to your case. Individual Vehicle Data Search Service (R) Provided by: 4N6XPRT SYSTEMS (R) Forensic Expert Software 8387 University Avenue La Mesa, CA 91942-9342 (619) 464-3478 / (800) 266-9778 / FAX: (619) 464-2206 Web Site - www.4N6XPRT.com Email - [email protected] Through the use of E X P E R T A U T O S T A T S (R) COPYRIGHT (c) 1991-2017 EXPERT WITNESS SERVICES, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED DEVELOPED BY: Daniel W. Vomhof III & Daniel W. Vomhof, Ph.D. VEHICLE DATA RESEARCH BY: Sheryl Cozby, Marion Vomhof, Muriel Vomhof, & Cindy Christensen Expert VIN DeCoder® Copyright© 1991-2016 Expert Witness Services, Inc. All Rights Reserved Version Number 3.6.0.9 DeCoded VIN: 3G5DA03L06S622319 Model: 2006 Buick Rendezvous Four Door Cab/Utility Engine Size: 3.5L / 214 cu.in. Engine
    [Show full text]
  • License Plate MOVES Categories Memorandum
    MEMORANDUM To: Ross Patronsky From: Claire Bozic Date: July 1, 2016 Re: Illinois License Plate File MOVES Categories We received a license plate file from the Illinois Secretary of State’s office covering 8 counties of northeastern Illinois. This file is a snapshot of the number of registered vehicles in northeastern Illinois as of February, 2015. It contains 7,207,996 records in the non-attainment area and includes the following variables. File Variables # Variable Type Columns 1 Year Num 1-4 2 Make Char 5-17 3 Body Type Char 18-26 4 VIN Char 27-46 5 Rent/Lease Char 47-47 6 Registration Type Char 48-64 7 County Char 65-76 8 Municipality Char 77-97 9 Zipcode Num 98-102 10 (zip)+4 Num 103-106 The file includes registered vehicles (including heavy equipment and trailers) from the seven-county area. Registrations Share Cook 3,908,004 54.22% DuPage 1,003,177 13.92% Grundy 14,844 0.21% Kane 495,236 6.87% Kendall 47,098 0.65% Lake 720,667 10.00% McHenry 348,302 4.83% Will 670,668 9.30% Total 7,207,996 100.00% The remainder of this memo refers to the attached Excel workbook. SAS_Summary Tab The dataset was processed to result in a cross-tabulation of body type by registration type for all records in the file. Added to the table are two calculated fields: MOVES category describing the body type (body_cat) and MOVES category describing the registration type (regi_cat). These fields are filled in by the lookup tables shown on the lookups tabs, discussed in the next section.
    [Show full text]
  • Driving Resistances of Light-Duty Vehicles in Europe
    WHITE PAPER DECEMBER 2016 DRIVING RESISTANCES OF LIGHT- DUTY VEHICLES IN EUROPE: PRESENT SITUATION, TRENDS, AND SCENARIOS FOR 2025 Jörg Kühlwein www.theicct.org [email protected] BEIJING | BERLIN | BRUSSELS | SAN FRANCISCO | WASHINGTON International Council on Clean Transportation Europe Neue Promenade 6, 10178 Berlin +49 (30) 847129-102 [email protected] | www.theicct.org | @TheICCT © 2016 International Council on Clean Transportation TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive summary ...................................................................................................................II Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................... IV 1. Introduction ...........................................................................................................................1 1.1 Physical principles of the driving resistances ....................................................................... 2 1.2 Coastdown runs – differences between EU and U.S. ........................................................ 5 1.3 Sensitivities of driving resistance variations on CO2 emissions ..................................... 6 1.4 Vehicle segments ............................................................................................................................. 8 2. Evaluated data sets ..............................................................................................................9 2.1 ICCT internal database .................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • From Porsche Club of America--Golden Gate Region Date: December 4, 2007 2:39:13 PM PST To: [email protected] Reply-To: [email protected]
    From: John Celona <[email protected]> Subject: From Porsche Club of America--Golden Gate Region Date: December 4, 2007 2:39:13 PM PST To: [email protected] Reply-To: [email protected] Porsche Club of America Golden Gate Region December, 2007 - Vol 47, Number 12 In This Issue Dear Porsche Enthusiast, Place dé Leglise Welcome to The Nugget, the email newsletter of the Golden Letter from the Editor Gate Region, Porsche Club of America. Competition Corner If you have any trouble viewing Membership Report this email, you can click here to go to the archive of PDF Board of Directors versions of this newsletter. For AX #10 comments or feedback, click here to email the editor. The Power Chef Thanks for reading. 40 Years Ago in the Nugget Registration for DE #6 Year End GGR Banquet Zone 7 Awards Dinner Crab 34 European Porsche Parade 2008 LA Lit & Toy Show Porsche Web Cinema Porsche Hybrid History Quick Links Event Calendar Classified Ads Join PCA Now Nugget Archive More About Us Zone 7 web site PCA web site Great Links Place dé Leglise --by Claude Leglise, GGR President The State of GGR There are only two events left on the GGR calendar for this year. Driver's Ed at Laguna Seca on December 9 - there are still slots available and the weather is holding up very nicely - and the Friday Night Social on December 21. The club has enjoyed a good year in 2007, yet some challenges face us. Andrew Forrest and the entire Time Trial crew have done a terrific job modernizing and revitalizing the TT Series.
    [Show full text]