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© M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies Session 3 Classification of Car by Body Style Session Speaker Mr. Mithun S. K. © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies Session Objectives At the end of this session the delegate would have understood - How cars are classified on basis of body style - Development and history behind different body style © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 3 Session Topics 1. Basic Definitions 2. Different types of Car Body Style 3. Development and History Behind Different Body Style © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 4 Terms used to describe early vehicle body styles 1. In the history of the motor car there has been some specific the names used to describe various types of body styles, built by coach builders from different countries 2. The following terms relate to the vehicles produced during the period 1895 to 1915 © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 5 Terms used to describe early vehicle body styles • Berlina - a typical luxury carriage for travelling, taking its name after Berlin. It has an enclosed construction with benches facing one another. In front of the body casing there is a raised driver's box • Cab - an enclosed two-seat carriage, that Berlina could have two or four wheels. It used to be a common carriage to be hired in cities • Cabriolet - an open two-seater designed to be pulled by a single horse. The two rear seats could be protected from rain by a folding roof. Cabriolet © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 6 Terms used to describe early vehicle body styles Phaeton • Phaeton - a light four-wheel carriage. The front bench, that is bigger and more comfortable. At the rear there was a bench for four. © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 7 Terms used to describe early vehicle body styles • Landauer - a common version of a classical coach .It is characteristic for its two-part roofing folding forwards and backwards. If the front part is not made of cloth or leather, but with glass windows • Landaulet - a reduced Landauer, similarly to a Coupé being a two- seater version of a Berlina, a Landaulet is really a two-seater version of a Landauer. © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 8 Micro car Messerschmitt KR-200 (1955) • Micro cars are usually designed and produced for economic purposes when materials and heavy equipment are scarce or fuel is scarce and expensive. • Less than 3 meters in length and less than 85 cubic feet /2400 liters interior volume. • Earlier engine capacity were under 1.0 liter and seat only two passengers and many have only three wheels. © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 9 Micro car • Microcar designs boomed in post-World War II Europe, particularly in Germany. • Former military aircraft manufacturers such as Messerschmitt and Heinkel were prominent microcar makers. • Aircraft-style bubble canopies due to the aviation influence on F. M. R. Tg-500 (1959) design - Bubble cars. © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 10 Micro car • Aircraft designer Ernst Heinkel using aircraft principles and making it lighter yet faster with a smaller engine. • Unique way to get in and out off the car. • Very small cars have also been popular in Japan and US. • Keicars - differ from most of the European microcars in that they are typically designed and built as scaled- down versions of very traditional car configurations. 1956 Heinkel Kabine © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 11 Micro car 1950 Reyonnah 1959 PTV • It has a radical solution to the problem of parking. • PTV was the second-biggest-selling microcar in Spain. © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 12 Reason for a Micro car • A small car with very small engines being treated as motorcycles for tax and insurance purposes. • No car drivers license was needed (Austria, Germany, Spain, Portugal). • Advantage in ease of parking . • Improves handling by reducing the angular inertia. © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 13 Modern Micro Cars • The Smart (model Fortwo) launched in 1998 was a successful re-invention of the microcar Smart (model Fortwo) © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 14 Electric Micro car • The Corbin Sparrow, a single- seat electric microcar that can be licenced as a motorcycle. • The Global Electric Motorcars GEM, a 2- or 4-passenger "Golf Car" style vehicle. Corbin Sparrow • The REVA electric vehicle from India. REVA © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 15 Micro car © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 16 Hatchbacks • An automobile design, consisting of a passenger cabin with an integrated cargo space, accessed from behind the vehicle by a tailgate. • Opening rear tail gate. • The interior design include fold- down rear seats, which can be used as a cargo area. Renault Clio • The rear seat can be folded partially (for instance 1/2, 1/3 or 2/3) or completely to expand the cargo space. © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 17 Hot Hatchs • High performance version of hatch back are knows as Hot hatchs • The rear seat in line with the D- Pillar and the short space behind the rear wheels. Citroën Traction Avant Commerciale (1938) © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 18 History of Hatchbacks • The Renault 4 (1961) was a popular hatchback layout in Europe. Its tailgate was a single door incorporating the window and hinged at the top with side windows between C & D-pillars over the load space and a steep angle from roof to rear bumper. • During its production run the R4 was called a small station wagon, even after the term hatchback appeared around 1970. Renault 4 © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 19 History of Hatchbacks • Innocenti A40S Combinata (1962), had a single-unit tailgate, features the modern hatchback Innocenti A40S Combinata (1962) © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 20 History of Hatchbacks • Hatchbacks were popular for smaller vehicles in the U.S. and Canada during the fuel crises of the 1970s • Styling of trunked cars more elegant and dignified than that of hatchbacks • The poor quality and basic nature of many hatchbacks also gave them a reputation for cheapness AMC Gremlin Honda Civic - 1972 © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 21 History of Hatchbacks • The first all-Italian hatchback was the Fiat 127, which went into production during 1971. • The first German hatchback was the Volkswagen Passat (Dasher in North America) of 1973, followed by the more popular Volkswagen Golf (Rabbit in North America) in 1974 Volkswagen Golf © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 22 1980s the Golden Era for Hatchbacks Lancia Delta Vauxhall Astra Fiat Tipo © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 23 Hatchbacks in 1990s Volkswagen Golf Fiat Bravo Ford Focus © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 24 Hatchbacks in 2000 © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 25 Sedan Peugeot-206-sedan • Type of car design consists of engine compartment, passenger compartment and a separate boot • A sedan posses fixed roof with fixed B pillar which seats four or more • Most commonly it is a four-door; two-door models are rare © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 26 Sedan and its types • Notchback sedan Ford-4-door-verve-concept • A notchback sedan is a three-box sedan, where the passenger volume is very distinct from the trunk volume of the vehicle. • The roof is on one plane, generally parallel to the ground, the rear window (tail light) at a sharp angle to the roof, and the trunk lid is also parallel to the ground. © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 27 Sedan and its types • Fastback sedan Audi-roadjet-concept • A fastback sedan is a two-box sedan, with continuous slope from the roof to the base of the decklid, but excludes the hatchback feature • Typically this design is chosen for its aerodynamic advantages. Automakers can no longer afford the penalty in fuel consumption produced by the traditional notchback three box form © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 28 Sedan and its types • Two Door Sedan • 1959 Rambler American • The SAE defines such a vehicle as any two-door model with rear accommodation greater than or equal to 33 cubic feet (0.934 m³) in volume (includes legroom, shoulder room, and headroom) © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 29 Liftbacks • Liftbacks have either fastback- like rear ends, which are significantly sloped compared to more vertical hatchbacks, or are notchback-shaped • For better aerodynamics • Based on Kamm back design trend © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 30 Coupe • Coupe was an enclosed two-seater mainly used in towns and was driven by a coachman. • If the carriage had an emergency (tip-up) seat or a seat for a child, then it was a so- called three-quarter coupé • Coupés generally, but not necessarily, have two doors, although automobile makers have offered four-door coupés and three- and five-door hatchback coupés, as well. • The SAE distinguishes a coupé from a sedan (saloon) primarily by interior volume • SAE standard J1100 defines a coupé as a fixed-roof automobile with less than 33 ft2 of rear interior volume© M S Ramaiah. School of Advanced Studies 31 Two door Sedan and Coupe • Two Door Sedan • Coupes 1940 Pontiac two-door sedan BMW-1-Series-Coupe • Vehicles with a B-pillar • While hardtops (without the between the front and rear pillar, and often incorporating windows are generally called a sloping backlight) are called two-door sedans coupés © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 32 Coupe – As a Marketing Term • Due to it sportier looks compared to sedan • Some four door sedans are being marketed as coupés, notably the Mercedes-Benz Mercedes-Benz CLS-Class CLS-Class , Audi A5 • Modern coupés generally have the styling feature of frameless doors Audi A5 © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 33 Convertibles • Vehicles whose roofs may be showed or who side windows may be completely lowered © M S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 34 Convertibles Plymouth Convertible (1939) • In 1939 Plymouth introduced the first convertible with a power top • It was activated by pneumatic cylinders, and removed a major inconvenience of open cars.
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