Vol. 69 No. 1- News Edition A Publication of the American Horticultural Society January 1990

A mulberry branch provides a tasty treat for "Mahatu," a Sumatran rhino living in the Cincinnati Zoo. The Wildest Garden In This Issue Zoo Horticulture " 1 in Town Enemies in the Air 4 Members' Forum . 6 he garden is serene. Patches Well, not just any otter and not just any of yellow, cream, and rose botanical garden. These Oriental small­ EPA: Closer to Home 8 pink water lilies ripple with clawed otters and their water lily-covered the gentle water of the pond. pond are both at home in the National Regional Notes . . 10 A breeze rustles the leaves of the golden Zoological Park in Washington, D.C. SEED CATALOG . Insert daylilies nearby. Suddenly an otter pops In the past decade, zoos across the his head out from among the lily pads country have been adding more natural Gardener's a&A . 11 and looks quizzically at passersby. areas and landscaped settings for their Another playful face l,Jreaks the surface animals. Zoos in San Diego, New York Gardener's Bookshelf . 12 ofthe water and glances around the City, Chicago, Cincinnati, and Seattle Gardener's Dateline .14 shore before ducking under the water to have been foremost in creating state-of­ resume her morning swim. the-art designs in zoological horticulture, AHS Bulletin Board . 16 Otters in a botanical garden? but others are starting to include plants

1990 Seed Program Catalog Enclosed! and garden designs in their master as "horticulture with the complication American plans. of animals." Like most gardeners, zoo horticulturists do everything possible Horticultural Society The First Zoos to create optimum conditions for the plants in their care. But giraffes OFFICERS 1989-1990 Mrs. Carolyn Marsh Lindsay, President The earliest zoos were menageries licking the bark off maple trees and Mr. John H. Whitworth Jr., and animal shows where strange or zebras digging up the lawn aren't 1 st Vice President exotic animals were caged and problems for most gardeners. Such Mrs. John M. Maury, 2nd Vice President displayed as freaks of nature. The first difficulties are commonplace at zoos, Mr. Richard C. Angino, Secretary American menagerie was organized in where horticulturists must make Mr. Richard J. Hutton, Treasurer a small section of New York's Central plants serve a number of functions Mr. Everitt l. Miller, Park in 1856. while dealing with the animals' Immediate Past President Horticulture assumed a role only a frequent lack of reverence for the few years later, according to Cincinnati landsca ping. BOARD OF DIRECTORS Zoo horticulturist Dave Ehrlinger: in "We're dealing with an animal in an Mr. Richard C. Angino, Harrisburg, PA 1870 the Philadelphia Zoo became a enclosed space," says Hider. 'We have Mr. George W. Ball Jr., West Chicago, IL Dr. Sherran Blair, Columbus, OH zoological garden with plants to define what will survive in that Mrs. Benjamin P. Bole Jr., Cleveland, OH incorporated into the public spaces and space." Elephants will eat all the plant Mr. J. Judson Brooks, Sewickley, PA animal environments. Cincinnati material within reach; a rhinocerous Dr. Henry M. Cathey, Washington, DC followed suit a year later. will bulldoze right through plant Mr. Russell B. Clark, Boston, MA At first these zoos were groomed barriers such as shrubs and bushes. Mrs. Erastus Corning II, Albany, NY parklands rather than wild areas, But animals aren't the only threat to Mrs. Ann Lyon Crammond, Atlanta, GA Ehrlinger noted. Then in 1929, animal the plants, he said. "Our second Mr. Edward N. Dane, Boston, MA dealer Carl Hagenbeck of Hamburg, concern is the public. In general, a Mrs. Beverley White Dunn, Germany, paved the way to today's zoo's clientele is much younger than Birmingham, AL Mr. K. Albert Ebinger, Boxford, MA greater naturalism by building the first the average botanical garden visitor­ Mr. Richard J. Hutton, West Grove , PA cageless zoo. To create an illusion of in May the zoo averages 200 buses of Mr. Stephen F. Keating, Wayzata, MN wild animals roaming free, Hagenbeck school children a day-and visitors are Mr. David M. Lilly, St. Paul , MN substituted ditches, moats, and rock there to look at the animals, not to Mrs. Carolyn Marsh Lindsay, Rochester, NY piles for metal bars. admire or respect the plant material." Mrs. John M. Maury, Washington, DC The newest impetus to zoological But the effort is worth it, because zoo Mr. Elvin McDonald, Brooklyn , NY horticulture is concern about the environ­ plants are much more than just Mr. Everitt l. Miller, Kennett Square, PA ment. Modem zoos are creating exhibits attractive foliage and bright blooms. Mrs. Jane Scarff, New Carlisle, OH to increase awareness of the interdepen­ Low-growing shrubs and vines may Mrs. Virginia Urschel, Montecito, CA Mr. Andre Viette, Fishersville, VA dence between plants and animals and be used to create natural barriers or to Mrs. Helen Fulcher Walutes, the need for biological diversity. disguise existing physical barriers Mount Vernon , VA Ric Hider, horticulturist with the between different animals or between Mr. John H. Whitworth Jr., New York, NY National Zoo, defines zoo horticulture the animals and the public. Mrs. Jean Verity Woodhull, Day1on, QH

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Mr. Frank l. Robinson Zoo Plants for People Landscaping public areas is another important aspect of zoological horticulture. AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST Lynden Miller--a public garden designer and winner of AHS's Landscape EDITOR: Kathleen Fisher Design Award in 1989-was hired by the Central Park Zoo's architects to ASSISTANT EDITORS : redesign the Central Garden around its seal pool. The project was funded by the Peggy Lytton, Mary Beth Wiesner Wallace Fund established by DeWitt and Lila Wallace, founders of Reader's EDITORIAL ASSISTANT: Martha Palermo MEMBERSHIP DIRECTOR: Digest. Mrs. Wallace asked that the funds be used for a perennial bed. Kathleen B. Amberger A hedge of Ilex crenata 'Microphylla' separates the Central Garden from other ADVERTISING: American Horticultural zoo areas. Paths of hexagonal paving and teak benches were laid out to avoid Society Advertising Department, 80 South the roots of the existing 50-year-old crab trees. Four beds contain 500 shrubs Early Street, Alexandria, Virginia 22304. and 2,000 perennials, planted in large drifts to provide form and structure. Phone (703) 823-6966. Miller's favorite combinations include purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea Address all editorial correspondence to : The Editor, 'Br.ight Star') with gray Russian sage (Perovskia atriplicifolia) and Coreopsis American Horticulturist, American Horticultural 'Moon Beam' with Stachys byzantina 'Silver Carpet'. Society, 7931 East Boulevard Drive, Alexandria, Virginia 22308. AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST, ISSN Since the zoo has visitors throughout the year, the Central Garden is 0096·4417. is published by the American Horticultural designed to be handsome in every season. Junipers, Colorado spruces, and Society, 7931 East Boulevard Drive, Alexanciria, Virginia weeping hemlocks along with oak-leaf hydrangeas, cut-leaf Japanese maples, 22308, (703) 768·5700, and is issued six times a year as a magazine and six times a year as a news edition. The and hybrid bluebeards (Caryopteris x clandonensis) add fall and winter American Horticultural Society is a nonprofit organization interest. In summer, annuals like white Nicotiana sylvestris and purple-blue devoted to excellence in horticulture. Botanical nomencla· ture in AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST is based on Salvia farinacea 'Victoria' and 'Indigo Spires' complement the perennial beds. HORTUS THIRD. National membership dues are $35; Although Miller didn't have to design the garden with consideration for the two years are $60. Foreign dues are $45. $12 of dues are designated for AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST. seals-animals don't have access to the Central Garden-she "thought it Copyright © 1990 by the American Horticultural Society. would be amusing to add plants with animal names since we were working in Second·class postage paid at Alexandria, Virginia and at additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Please send Form the zoo." Included in the menagerie are foxgloves, pink and white 3579 to AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST, 7931 East snapdragons, crab trees, and red-twig dogwoods. Boulevard Drive, Alexandria, Virginia 22308. And even though zoo-goers don't usually visit for the gardens, Miller notes proudly: "The public actually noticed-and really liked-the garden!"

2. American Horticulturist • January 1990 Good plant habitats make the animals maple along with 21 species of bamboo feel comfortable and secure. Plants may ranging from dwarf to timber. In all, provide nesting areas, hiding places, or Their Association the elephants' new home includes perches. In doing so, they both create 12,000 trees of some 150 species. attractive living areas for the animals Zoo horticulturists can receive expert A new wetlands exhibit at the National and help educate the public about an advice from the Association of Zoo also incorporates naturalistic animal's natural habitat. Zoological Horticulture. The non-profit plantings. Giant and fragrant water Education is a key aspect of zoological association was started in 1980 to lilies, water hyacinths, wild rice, and big­ horticulture. Zoos may keep vegetable provide a network for sharing ideas leaved arrowheads share the marsh with gardens to teach the public about and solving problems, and as a means red-eared sliders, black-crowned night animal diets. The Central Park Zoo's of furthering horticultural research and herons, and trumpeter swans. Exhibit bamboo plantings provide a special conservation programs. signs identify wetland birds and turtles treat for their red panda while snow Members may exchange seeds and as well as plants in an effort to educate monkeys and colobus monkeys enjoy plant materials along with sources for the public about whole environments. weeping willow branches. Grape leaves hard-to-find specimens. The associa­ The Arizona-Sonora Desert ~useum in are a favorite among the primates. A tion holds an annual conference and Tucson has created a living museum zoo nursery may also provide browse­ publishes proceedings, papers, using the desert as background. On 17 young twigs, leaves, and tender directories, and a quarterly newsletter. acres within the Sonora's pristine 187 shoots-for animals to nibble on. The group is open to individuals, acres is a collection of zoological, botani­ organizations, or companies who cal, and geological treasures. Visitors Picking the Plants work in or are interested in the wander through saguaro cacti and other practice of horticulture in zoological native desert plants to view exhibits that While it's unlikely that horticulturists parks and aquariums. Contact the simulate desert habitats. ~ark Dimmitt, will trek to the Amazon to bring back a Association of Zoological Horticul­ curator of the museum's plant depart­ 35-foot tree, they do try to acquire plants ture, c/o Mark Fleming, Oklahoma ment, observes: "Animals are surrounded indigenous to an animal's natural City Zoo, 2101 N.E. 50th Street, by native plants and geological habitat. Where native plants can't be Oklahoma City, OK 73111. formations here-visitors become used-due to climate considerations immersed in the life of the desert." and/or unavailability-horticulturists Since zoo horticulture is a relatively may add a diversity of plants that since mid-1970. One of the zoo's most new area, there are no handy reference complement the natural environment. recent horticultural projects, an Asian books with tips for making both plants In the National Zoo's pygmy hippo elephant exhibit, was a three-year and animals happy. Horticulturists enclosure, lush greenery has been chosen endeavor by the Seattle design firm of spend a lot oftime seeking advice­ with an eye to softening the existing Jones & Jones. A four-and-a-half-acre from zoologists, keepers, naturalists, architecture. ~assing,cascading, and site covered with mature trees, includ­ and fellow zoo horticulturists, but in upright species-fishtail and Boston ing red alder, tulip poplar, red oak, and the end, it usually comes down to trial ferns, philodendrons, rhapis palms, big-leaf maple, was chosen for the and error. "Animals are individuals, Thunbergia, Tetrastigma, Cissus, exhibit. Zoo staff added 700 more trees: just like people, with different likes and dracaenas, weeping figs, and Monstera­ tulip poplar, catalpa, Kentucky coffee dislikes," Hider says. "The plants are planted above the pygmy hippo pools. tree, empress tree, paulownia, beech, gorillas ignore at one zoo could be the When the plants are mature they will ash, yellowwood, and striped bark same plants the gorillas pull up and camouflage their containers. Cascading play with at another zoo." A gorilla Epipremnums will grow down to the pool troop past bearing young are not as level where the munching of the pygmy interested in the plant material around hippos will keep them neatly cropped. them, but young gorillas can play "holy The aviary at the Central Park Zoo hell with plants," he says. recreates a rainforest environment. Agrees Tim: "In some exhibits you are Large ficus trees and various ferns resigned to replacing the plants because combine with bougainvilleas, passion you know they won't last very long. You vines, and Aristolochia to create a lush just keep trying new combinations-our tropical atmosphere. Flowering vines red-twig dogwood has survived quite well provide a succession of blooms that are with the snow monkeys. I try to keep one much enjoyed by nectar-feeding birds. t> step ahead of the animals. ~ost of the Chemical pest control is out of the ques­ g time I feel they're winning! But I feel very tion in these situations. The Central ~ strongly that we're doing our bit toward Park Zoo uses some biological controls; .6i, the conservation of both animals and ladybugs keep down scale and mealy i plants." bugs in the aviary, where the birds also ~ Sue ~aloney, supervisor of grounds and do their part. All exhibits there are as ~ facilities at Seattle's Woodland Park Zoo, naturalistic as possible. "Plants that ~ says zoo horticulture is "hard work and a don't make it are left to die a natural ~ lot of stress, but it provides a wonderful death," says one of the zoo's horticul­ ~ opportunity to experiment, take chances, turists, Nancy Tim. 'We may cut a palm 8 and try new barriers." At Woodland Park, frond back, but we usually just leave it ~ she says, a combination of creative people unless it poses a threat to the animal. A': and officials willing to try new ideas has There is certainly no gardener pruning made their horticultural endeavors a the Costa Rican jungle!" A red panda finds a home surrounded by success. 'We're lucky," says ~aloney. "So The Woodland Park Zoo in Seattle has pine, pygmy bamboo, and grasses at the far, everything has worked." been a leader in naturalistic exhibitory Central Park Zoo. -Mary Beth Wiesner

American Horticulturist· January 1990 • 3 Two leaves damaged by ozone. Beware of The sassafras leaf, left, shows stipple, an accumulation of Your Air black to purple pigment. The green ash, right, shows f your foliage has been speckled, fleck, where areas of your blossoms bleached, or your tissue have been spinach shot with yellow, the killed. Fleck is explanation could be too little yellow to light tan. iron in the soil under your feet. On the Both are visible only other hand, it could also be too much on the leaf's upper ozone in the air over your head. surface, and may "Ozone damage is not something you coalesce to cover hear a lot about," says Julia Kirtland of larger areas. the Institute of Ecosystem Studies in Millbrook, New York, which for the last two seasons has featured educational displays relating to the pollutant's effect on plants. Most people associate ozone with that occurring in the earth's stratosphere, the depletion of which is linked to the can possibly also be chalked up be seen on both sides of the leaf, and greenhouse effect and increased to ozone. Among other very sensitive foliage ages rapidly so that fall colors radiation exposure. But it is ozone plants, showing damage after a couple appear prematurely. building up lower in the earth's of hours exposure at an ozone atmosphere that damages plants. concentration of .1 parts per million, Pockets of Pollution Even though many gardeners may be are spinach, muskmelons, oats, pinto unaware of this threat, researchers beans, white pine, potatoes, and The most widespread concentrations Qf have been looking into it since the late tomatoes. Somewhat more tolerant, ozone occur in urban and industrial 1950s, said Robert Kohut of the Boyce showing some damage after one to two areas: the Northeast, Southeast, upper Thompson Institute for Plant Research hours exposure at .2 parts per million, Midwest, Southern California. But at Cornell University. "Scientists in are begonias, o"nions, chrysanthemums, ozone can easily travel to more rural Southern California realized that as the dogwood, sweet corn, wheat, and lima areas, as is the case in Millbrook, number of cars increased, they began to beans. Those able to tolerate exposure which is 80 miles north of Manhattan. see strange lesions on plant foliage." as high as .35 parts per million for an And there are also odd little pockets of Ozone is formed when car exhaust hour or two are zinnias, radishes, pollution throughout the country. For and other hydrocarbons react with poinsettias, black walnuts, strawberries, instance, Kohut said ozone is high in sunlight. While there are a number of and carrots. But there is also variation mountainous areas such as Denver, air pollutants that damage plants, 90 among cultivars of these groups. Salt Lake City, and portions of the percent of American crops killed by Unfortunately, Kohut said, there has Adirondacks, where air masses can't pollutants succumb to ozone and sulfur been little systematic research aimed circulate freely. dioxide. And of the two, ozone is about at breeding ozone-resistant plants. "If a The Agricultural Research Service 10 times more toxic, according to plant is bred in a high-ozone locale, wants to nip ozone before it gets to the Edward H. Lee, a plant physiologist that may incidentally screen out ozone­ bud: they estimate that cutting ozone with the Agricultural Research Service sensitive plants," he said. "We may see by 25 percent would save farmers well of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. that it's resistant to pathogens, but we over a billion dollars a year. They have don't understand the link." found that drenching plants with a Sensitivity Varies Ozone does its dirty work by destroy­ growth regulator, ethylenediurea, ing the chloroplasts that make seems to protect them against acute Last summer, the Institute of chlorophyll, which plants need to make ozone exposure, but they're still not Ecosystem Studies demonstrated the food. But it can also wreak invisible sure that the treatment will be visible ravages of ozone with a display havoc, weakening cell walls so that effective in the field. in which two varieties of the same vital nutrients leach out, or causing the Since agricultural research results plant were grown side by side, one plant to age rapidly. The stress it usually have to trickle down to home unprotected and one in an ozone-free creates raises the sugar content of gardeners, they will have to glean chamber. The previous summer, leaves so that they are more appealing much of their own information about Millbrook staff had put together an to insect pests, says Lee. ozone damage to ornamentals and exhibit that showed the differences in Kohut says visible damage occurs on many edibles through trial and error. If ozone-sensitivity of various fruit and three levels. At low-level exposure, the you know or suspect that you live in a vegetable cultivars. upper level of the leaflooks stippled, high-pollution area, you may want to Some plants are so sensitive to ozone while there is no apparent change on add ozone-resistance to the list of that they are used as "indicator the undersurface. At the second level, virtues for which you evaluate your plants": damage on tobacco plants, larger flecks indicate the death of plants next season. milkweed, blackberry, black cherry, tissue; small lesions begin to coalesce. sweetgum, and tulip poplar means that The third stage is what he called damage to other plants in a given area "serious bifacial necrosis." Damage can

4. American Horticulturist· January 1990 Foliage as Filters

Chrysanthemums and space founded the Foliage for Clean Air benzene fumes released from building exploration may not seem to have Council (FCAC). The NASA studies materials, furniture, and carpeting; much in common. But studies by the were conducted under laboratory ozone released from photocopy National Aeronautics and Space conditions as the agency sought ways machines; radon; secondhand smoke; Administration (NASA) show that to keep air clean for long periods in the and fumes from cleaning solvents. mums and other plants can remove up closed conditions faced by astronauts. We're not safe at home, either. to 80 percent of several harmful gases The FCAC plans to conduct follow-up According to the U.S. National commonly found in modern buildings. studies in real office buildings. Research Council, a typical energy In response to the study, the Associated Among the pollutants being inhaled efficient house-with one complete air Landscape Contractors of America has by office workers are formaldehyde and change every five hours-contains 240 micrograms of formaldehyde per cubic meter; 1,150 micrograms per cubic Look! Up in the Stratosphere! meter are released every 24 hours. One of the most efficient plants for As if worrying about the ozone in the observed in artificial laboratory removing formaldehyde from the air is atmosphere weren't enough, a U.S. conditions in which duckweed, an mother-in-Iaw's tongue (Sansevieria Department of Agriculture scientist says aquatic plant, was exposed to different trifasciata). An average size plant can that depletion of stratospheric ozone is wavelengths oflight. Those in the remove about 30,000 micrograms of also posing a hazard to plant life. ultraviolet range caused the most formaldehyde per 24 hours. Two plants Dr. Autar Mattoo, research leader at damage to the protein. would adequately cleanse the air in a the Plant Molecular Laboratory of the Some plants are resistant to room 10 feet by 15 feet by 8 feet (about USDA's Agricultural Research Service ultraviolet damage, Mattoo noted. If 34 cubic meters). Several pots of in Beltsville, Maryland, says that researchers can learn how such plants Philodendrons, golden pothos, or ultraviolet radiation from the sun that protect themselves, they may be able spider plants (Chlorophytum comosum) is normally filtered out by high-level to use those traits to protect more would remove the same amounts of ozone can rapidly degrade a plant vulnerable plants. formaldehyde. protein called 32kDa that is vital in Stratospheric ozone is thought to be Other efficient air-filtering plants photosynthesis. thinning due to the use of include Spathiphyllum, Dracaena As the protein is broken down, plants chlorofluorocarbons, which have been deremensis 'Warneckii', Dracaena produce more to maintain the balance widely used as refrigerants, aerosol marginata, chrysanthemum, and, they need for photosynthesis, but they propellants, and solvents, but are should you choose to bring it indoors, have less energy for growth, Mattoo increasingly being regulated or the gerbera daisy. says. So far, this effect has been outlawed. The Methane Menace

We may be contributing to the The researchers attached a lot of by the average gardener would have a greenhouse effect every time we add caveats to their findings: it's hard to say measurable effect," said Bowden. fertilizer to the soil, according to a what the six-month study might indicate The findings don't imply that you Massachusetts study. in global terms, and the amount of should switch from chemical to organic Although the major blame for global fertilizer used was more than twice as fertilizers, he noted. "It doesn't matter warming is laid to carbon dioxide, up to 20 heavy as a forester might use on a stand how the nitrogen gets there. If there is percent of the phenomenon may be caused of trees. "I don't think the amount used too much of it, it will alter the by methane, a gas produced by sources micro dynamics of the soil." that range from bogs and marshes to the intestines of cows. Much of this methane never reaches the atmosphere because it is Don't Blame Bossy consumed by soil microorganisms. But these microbes prefer to dine on nitrogen Methane may contribute to the greenhouse effect, but cattle aren't when it's available. Industry is feeding contributing much of that methane, says an animal scientist with the Texas them more nitrogen through acid rain; Agricultural Experiment Station. gardeners and farmers are dishing it out in Some environmentalists have claimed that gas from the digestive tracts of cows fertilizers. Atmospheric methane has and other ruminants produce as much as 15 percent of the world's atmospheric approximately doubled in the past two methane gas. Thus we can protect our globe by eating less beef, they argue. centuries. But Dr. Floyd Byers claims that U.S. beef cattle produce less than one percent When four scientists- Paul Steudler, of the total methane gas that reaches the atmosphere each year. The fossil fuel R. D. Bowden, and J. M. Melillo of the used to drive a vehicle six miles each way to buy a quarter-pound hamburger for Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods lunch has five times as much potential impact on global warming, through the Hole, Massachusetts, and J. D. Aber of carbon dioxide it produces, as does the hamburger itself, through the methane it the University of New Hampshire­ produced when it was still on the hoof, Byers estimates. applied ammonium nitrate to stands of Ironically, reduced beef consumption may lead to other environmental trees in Harvard Forest, they found problems. People are forsaking beef for seafood, and a Vermont newspaper, the that methane consumption in the most White River Valley Herald, recently reported that every species of fish being highly fertilized plots dropped by 33 used for food is already being fished at or above its capacity to replace itself. percent over plots left unfertilized.

American Horticulturist· January 1990 • 5 Dangerous Advice terrestrial orchids that were once wild­ collected, it is believed they are still I must write to warn you of the very trading in collected Pleiones. But she dangerous advice about electric fence added: "We are sure that there are people construction given in the September out there who are propagating them. I "Gardener's Q&A" section! would encourage those growers to put the I quote: "The electricity can be word propagated' on their labels. " supplied by a solar collector (backed up by a battery), an electrical socket, or by Seed Suggestions a battery alone." No mention is made of the absolute necessity of using an .. The Society could secure a better electric fence charger to modify regular ~ response to their Seed Program if they lIO-volt household current delivered ~ made a request in each News Edition. by an electrical socket. The unmodified u lIO-volt current can be fatal. 1~~!stn;~~;e~o~~ ~~l~~y~!~c~s:;s L. G. McKeever Pl own garden and greenhouses, many Orinda, California Pleione 'Oriental Splendor' plants are either just beginning to flower or emerging from summer dormancy with One should NOT attempt to build a caution in their collections. Without flowering in late December or early deer fence without a charger. Although collections of this nature, our gardens January. Ifthe Society can accept seed at electricity can be supplied by a 1l0-volt would be barren indeed. any time, it would keep members inter­ AC household current, a fence charger In other respects, Pleiones seem to be ested in collecting seed, and save labor (or energizer) must be used to regulate outcasts ofthe orchid world. Growers required at your end to prepare the list. the electricity. Chargers increase the of the common warm-climate orchids You should also indicate more clearly voltage but decrease the duration of the look on them with disdain. I have yet what is or is not desired. I have been charge to mere thousandths of a second, to find a source in the United States told that spores are acceptable, but so that a person or animal coming in and I have been in contact with more that "noxious weeds" and endangered contact with it receives a shock than 100 growers. I find this most species are not. sensation but is not "frozen" to the wire disappointing as Pleiones seem well­ What is a noxious weed? I have spent and possibly electrocuted. These are adapted to Zone 7 and milder gardens several years trying to eradicate often included in the wiring kits, but and do well as house plants. Along Oenothera hookeri that I deliberately they can be purchased at agricultural with several friends, I am currently planted. That to me is a noxious weed, co-op stores or hardware stores. engaged in efforts to import some of but perhaps to you a prized plant. And the new cultivars from England. Many I strongly believe that endangered Plea for Pleiones of these are extremely colorful and species should be sought, provided they should be grand additions to our are not collected in the wild. All While I agree with your September gardens once stocks have been built up. horticultural societies should article urging gardeners to avoid wild­ I have been retailing Pleiones in the encourage such donations. That is the collected bulbs, I do not feel that the Northwest for the last five years. They only way we have a chance of saving Pleione should be included under a are very popular at garden club plant our rapidly diminishing flora. blanket condemnation. I have grown sales and increasingly so with garden What is the minimum amount of seed Pleiones for about 10 years and can centers. Given the right situation, they acceptable? I was told it was not worth assure you that none are wild-collected. are very showy in the spring and offering seed if 250 to 500 packets of a My original stock was obtained as increase fairly rapidly. I have found plant were not available. Assuming excess from the arboretum at the them hardy to at least 8' F in my yard. that many might donate identical University of California at Berkeley. I currently grow three cultivars and seeds that could be combined into one Most of the choice plants of Pleiones are three species. I would very much like to lot is absurd; earlier this year I sent named cultivars that can only be hear from other growers. Annona cherimola and Massonia produced by clonal propagation. There is Richard Cavender pustulata (large form) seeds and a continuing program of hybridization in 15920 S.W. Oberst Lane seriously doubt if anyone else has. England; new cultivars are also being Sherwood, Oregon 97140 Finally, why not an article on how to offered in New Zealand. prepare seeds? Not all seeds just "pop Weare indebted for much of this Faith Campbell ofthe National Resources out" to be collected. I have given up work to Philip Cribb and Ian Defense Council said that at the October trying to secure large quantities of Butterfield, who recently wrote a meeting of the Convention on Internation­ Leycesteria, Opuntia, and Zantedeschia monograph, Genus Pleione, available al Trade in Endangered Species of Wild species. Even Acanthostachys has from Timber Press in Portland. They Flora and Fauna (CITES), wild collecting created a challenge. If you offered did collect Pleiones in the wild in China of Pleiones was found to be a continuing procedures for cleaning these and some years ago, and have introduced problem. (~recently as 1985, Japan similar seeds, then perhaps the several previously unavailable species. imported at least 250,000 million Pleiones selection would be increased. Like any respectable plant hunters, I from Taiwan," she said. Although Japan Leonard H. Corbett-Grant feel sure that they exercised due has begun to propagate some other Napa, California

6 + American Horticulturist • January 1990 Yes, we probably should remind You are right. We were wrong. The result members more frequently of this special you get by mixing vinegar and water benefit. We do accept seed any time of involves dilution, not a chemical year; if it misses the Seed Program reaction. Our explanation to a reader who deadline, it will be distributed during was afraid that municipal water was too the next year's program. alkaline for his bonsai, and wanted to We are well aware that one gardener's know if it was safe to address the problem weed is another's treasure; what self­ by watering them with a vinegar solution, sows obnoxiously in one location may became particularly confusing because sprout grudgingly in another. We try to mixing and using the solution raises the avoid accepting seed ofplants that cre­ vinegar's pH, lowers the water's pH, and ate an environmental hazard, such as lowers the soil's pH. Apparently, we had the Lythrum salicaria that somehow some readers going up and down. Thanks sprouted in our 1989 catalog and was to Elisabeth Belfer ofNew York City and then withdrawn from the program. Nickolas Nickou ofBranford, Connecticut, We can not accept seed ofendangered for also pointing out that vinegar is plants from private individuals, but will "acetic" acid. As Dr. Nickou observed, the accept seed of such plants from botanical common name for "ascetic" acid would c:IIm~'tica i 'loumoil ffJe.on!} §'t.Owt..'t gardens and nurseries known to probably have to be "reclusive acid." Pu.unh ... propagate these plants on their premises. Ou, 1990 'J.J1 CoLo, 88 'Pag< Catalog We do accept and distribute small The next reader gives us reason to 'Jl!al:/J.'ting" • amounts of seed. However, we usually believe it wasn't pH we should have Estate Peonies · Tree Peonies Fancy Hosta • Siberian Iris do not list this seed in our catalog. It's been discussing in the first place: Dayillies • Ornamental Grasses frustrating for us and our members to Achillea· Asters· Ferns and others get many requests for seed that was William Wylie Jr.'s November letter gone the first weeks of the program; not about using vinegar to lower irrigation surprisingly, the rarer it is, the more water pH noted that "the subject of pH our members want it. If it would make is seldom mentioned, much less em­ less than 50 packets, we either keep it phasized, in the literature." Gardening until the next year in hopes that we will literature tends to avoid any in-depth Send $4.00 for your 1990 Full Color Catalog get more, or distribute it as a "thank discussion of horticultural chemistry. (fully refundable with first order) you" to members who make a large Actually, irrigation water pH by itself Route 5, Box 197 Penny Road contribution with their seed request. is not the best indicator of whether water South Barrington, Illinois 60010-9555 We hope that members enjoyed Elisabeth will cause the soil pH to increase. Two Call Toll Free 1·800·553·3715 Sheldon's article on collecting seed in our water supplies, both with pH above 7, October magazine. As it points out, seed may have different alkalinities. Alkalinity differs greatly in how and when it can be is measured by adding acid to a water collected. Ifyou would like more detailed sample until the pH drops to 4.5; the information on obtaining specific types of result is reported in units of milligrams of seed, our Gardener's Information Service calcium carbonate per liter. GARDEN may be able to help, or you might want to Container soil pH often rises when ask for ideas from other members through the water alkalinity is high. The pH ACCENTS Members' Forum. increase is caused by the bicarbonate in the water. Commercial container Vinegar and pH (cont.) plant growers often add concentrated phosphoric, nitric, or sulfuric acid to I found a very confused discussion of pH lower the alkalinity to about 100 mg. in the November issue. To clarify: pH is per liter. Home gardeners who use the negative logarithm ofthe concentra­ municipal water might be able to find tion of hydrogen ions. For any increase in out its alkalinity from their water the concentration of hydrogen ions, one treatment plant. would see a decrease in the pH. While it's David R. Hershey true that water can dissociate to furnish University of Maryland positive hydrogen ions, for every hydrogen ion produced there would also be a negative OH ion that would quickly react with one of the excess hydrogen ions Correction to form water. So any contribution of As d irect importers we offer over 100 personally selected. handcrafted Items hydrogen ions by water added to vinegar In transcribing directions for from foreign countries: powerful bronze would be short-lived. building a misting chamber for an d marble a n ima ls, Chinese relics. porcelain fishbowls. pl anters. pottery. What adding the water actually does cuttings in our November issue, we stone lanterns and garden stools. is reduce the concentration of hydrogen misread 4' as 4": the plant lights Call !'Iowl Our catalog Is FREE. ions by dilution, thereby increasing the required for the chamber need to pH, analogous to what you do when be four feet long. Thanks to an alert making a fertilizer solution. reader at the University of Illinois east/westin Charles W. Everson for catching the error, and we GAKDBNS~ Sheperdsville, Kentucky apologize to any readers who may Call: 415 1321·2571 have been fruitlessly searching for Write: 1259 EI Camino Real Suite 196. Dept. 51 pygmy plant lights. Menlo Pzrk. CA 94025

American Horticulturist· January 1990 • 7 New EPA Rules Could Hit Home

ntil now, home gardeners have not been affected by federal rules intended to protect endangered plants and animals from pesticides. But new regulations being proposed by the Endangered Species Protection Program of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are expected to set limits on at least a few outdoor home and garden pesticides, depending on where they are being used. How gardeners will be informed of these rules, and how they will be policed, is The Chapman rhododendron and the piping plover are among the endangered species still unclear. that will be protected by the new EPA ruling. Originally, the EPA exempted home pesticide users from its regulations under the assumption that such trade is monitoring the proposed provided specific measures to reduce products-used in limited amounts in program in an effort to protect their incidental exposure. FWS is the major areas generally devoid of wildlife-would interests and ensure reasonable federal agency responsible for have no impact on endangered species. implementation of the plan. administering the amended But now, in response to public pressure The impact on home use should be Endangered Species Act of 1973 for from environmentalists, the agency is minimal, according to the EPA, and not most species. This act provides developing a new program geared all home gardeners will be affected­ protection for animal and plant species toward protecting each endangered only those who live in areas where use that are threatened or in danger of species and its habitat from any pesticide of a chemical has been found to harm becoming extinct and conserves the threat. At the same time, the nursery endangered species or where the Fish ecosystems they depend upon. and Wildlife Service (FWS) has Four Steps Label Them Careless The new program will involve four steps: 1. The EPA will gather information A recent University of California study shows that pesticides used in and around on endangered species, focusing first the home don't command a great deal of respect. When UC-Davis researchers on those with the most immediate James Grieshop and Martha Stiles surveyed 415 home pesticide users in the need for protection. Then it will Sacramento area, one out of four said they had suffered illness after exposure to determine which pesticides their pesticides. Yet two out of five don't read the product labels, fewer than half wear habitats may be exposed to. protective clothing when applying pesticides, and one in five sometimes apply 2. It will determine whether stronger-than-recommended dosages. pesticides being used in those areas This casual attitude toward pesticide hazards has serious health implications. "may affect" the species. Pesticide poisonings rank third among all non-drug poisonings at the UC Medical 3. If the highest application rate Center in Sacramento. A 1987 study by the National Cancer Institute revealed shown on the pesticide label poses a that children living in households where home and garden pesticides are used are problem, the EPA will determine the up to six times more likely to develop some form of childhood leukemia. lowest level that may affect the species Experience is not a good teacher in this case. Veteran pesticide users, perceiving and request a consultation with the the chemicals to be safe, were the most likely to take fewer precautions. And even Fish and Wildlife Service. FWS will though some individuals respected the pesticides enough to wear protective respond with a biological opinion clothing when applying them, they were the most likely to mix doses that indicating whether or not the species is exceeded the label instructions. in jeopardy from the pesticide use. Not Nurseries and garden centers are the primary sources of information for all pesticides that EPA determines pesticide use, followed by pesticide packages and labels. But labels are the only "may affect" a listed species will readily available sources of information after purchase. necessarily jeopardize them. The researchers think product labels could do more to underscore pesticide 4. If the species is in jeopardy, the risks. "Labels appear not to be sufficiently strong in their warnings and agencies will develop habitat maps and recommendations," says Grieshop. "Typically, labels warn or caution users to descriptions and issue bulletins for avoid chemioal contact to the eyes, skin, and clothing and to avoid breathing the affected counties showing the substance, but they seldom include explicit ways to avoid exposure, such as geographic areas of concern. The wearing gloves, long sleeves, goggles, masks and washing up after use." bulletins will be updated annually. Labels also fail to give adequate or appropriate disposal information. Disposing Public participation will be pesticide containers in the household garbage is prohibited by California law, but encouraged during key steps of this most labels instruct users simply to "dispose of properly" or to dump the unused process. Pesticide users may submit portion and throw the container in the trash. any data or information they find Better labeling may help but it's not likely to solve the pesticide safety problem: relevant, and request amendments to 38 percent of the individuals surveyed never read the labels at all. pesticide restrictions. EPA officials say

8 . American Horticulturist· January 1990 they are looking for reasonable changes that will protect wildlife while minimizing limitations on pesticide use: for instance, changes in application methods or timing of • application could significantly reduce exposure levels in many cases. According to EPA statistics, five to 10 per­ cent of American pesticide use occurs in Samaritan from Hamden the home or garden. Seventy to 80 percent of that involves indoor pesticides, which Bill Liddell didn't set out to be a isn't averse to a pinch of diazinon to are not affected by the current proposal. philanthropist, he insists. He just had a discourage the cabbage maggots. However, a surprising amount of poison is lot of extra vegetables to get rid of-so "Gardening without chemicals is like concentrated in and around the average far, about 50 tons worth-all of which he riding a unicycle," he's fond of saying. home: the May/June issue ofHarrow smith has given to Connecticut's homeless and "It's a neat trick if you can do it, but it's magazine estimates that suburban hungry over the past five seasons. a hell of a way to get to New York City." homeowners use more pesticides per acre Liddell, who lives in Hamden, He grows most every vegetable except than farmers use on their fields. Connecticut, was a longtime employee of potatoes, onions, and carrots; "I'm not Associated Seed Growers of New Haven. efficient enough for those," he says. He Label Changes Now owned by Upjohn, it is described by recruited volunteers from two local Liddell as the biggest vegetable seed churches to help him with garden main­ In cases where changes in pesticide company in the world for commercial tenance, and they now grow all of the use are found necessary, growers, and he was its "word man," peppers and cucumbers for the project. manufacturers will have to revise working in advertising, public relations, Workers at the soup kitchens that labels to instruct users to follow and as a field representative. benefit from Liddell's largesse information in county bulletins. He had gardened as a hobby ever emphasize that it's the quantity of his However, labels on affected products since he was a student at Yale. "I liked produce that makes it so valuable: a will not list the counties in which to see what I was writing about, and it tomato or two doesn't go far when limitations on pesticide use apply. It was cheaper than golf or owning a there are hundreds of mouths to feed. will be up to the individual user to boat," he explains. His three-quarters Liddell advises those who would like to obtain the county bulletin and comply of an acre always yielded enough to follow in his footsteps-and he hopes with the use limitations if there are can, pickle, and freeze a healthy there will be many-to contact area any. If not, the bulletin will tell users quantity. Then five years ago he agencies first to see what their needs to follow label directions and will retired, "and at one point I realized I are. It's important to know if the food provide general information about had more than I needed." Like other bank has facilities to store vegetables endangered species. Current EPA data people with something to get rid of, it that spoil quickly. You don't want to be indicates that restrictions could affect occurred to him to donate the excess to a burden to the very people you want 900 of the nation's 4,300 counties. the poor. But his gift was far more to help, he noted. Bulletins may be distributed through valuable than worn out shoes. training and certification programs Soup kitchens get their name from Chicago's Helping Hands within the states and the County the fact that they rarely have fresh Agricultural Extension Service. Other produce available. Hence they serve Ten Chicago area soup kitchens are suggested outlets include pesticide bread, canned goods, and soups. "Most beneficiaries of a partnership between dealers and distributors, Soil of what the food banks get is distressed Allstate Insurance employees and the Conservation Service field offices, Fish merchandise from wholesalers, or stuff Chicago Botanic Garden. Cliff Zenor, and Wildlife Service field offices, EPA that's been culled over or trimmed off coordinator of the botanic garden's offices, and the offices of state by produce buyers who can write it off Gardening Resources on Wheels regulatory agencies. for a tax advantage. There is a crying program, advised the 120 employees The proposed generic label statement need for fresh vegetables for these about what to grow, designed the 150 and bulletins may not be the most people," Liddell says. The first year he by 50 foot garden on Allstate grounds, effective communication tool, the EPA gave the Connecticut Food Bank 7,000 and offers suggestions on pest control. admits. Alternatives will be explered pounds of produce. Each year he's The soil is adjacent to a freeway, so during pilot programs in several states. increased that; in 1988 it was 2 ~, 000 Zenor tests the soil otree a year for Some states already have similar, or pounds. He didn't have the 1989 total lead, according to the Chicago even stricter, programs, and at least 17 by the January News Edition deadline: Horticultural Society's Garden Talk. have indicated they may start pilot his methods let him grow from The employees broke the ground; programs this year to evaluate February well into December. improved the soil; built a fence, under­ whether the federal program is feasible Liddell practices intensive gardening: ground irrigation system and tool shed; and to find the best way of distributing planting rows of beans between his and bought and planted all the seeds and information and gaining cooperation. tomatoes; starting most crops in cold seedlings. One hundred percent of their States may suggest innovative ways of frames or on tables under shop lights in tomatoes, green peppers, green beans, reducing the burden on pesticide users. his basement to give them a headstart; onions, potatoes, squash, zucchini, The new regulations should be in getting three different crops out of some carrots, and beets goes to charity. place by January 1991. But the EPA areas each season. As soon as the will continue to look at new biological mustard is worn out in mid-June, in go opinions, new pesticides or new uses the beans; when they're gone in mid­ We would like to make this column a for old ones, and to assess the economic August it's time for broccoli, collards, regular feature! Tell us about people impact of the program on users such as and kale. He uses biological warfare you know who are using horticulture to nurserymen and farmers. against pests as long as it works, but "make a difference."

American Horticulturist · January 1990 • 9 Charleston Gardens' Trees Toppled by Hugo

Southern California botanical gardens At Brookgreen Gardens in Murrells were barely touched by the October 17 Inlet, known for its outdoor sculpture, the earthquake, but several in and around artworks were undamaged, but the limbs Charleston, South Carolina, were battered of live oaks were broken and many smaller by Hurricane Hugo a month earlier. trees and shrubs were uprooted. Many of Charleston's Cypress Gardens was the latter were cut back and replanted and damaged so severely that it will have a good chance for survival, said probably be closed all next season, said director Gurdon L. Tarbox Jr. manager Cathy Townsend. Tarbox said several maintenance and Trees over half of the 172-acre garden, support facilities were destroyed but which includes camellias, azaleas, and no public buildings were seriously dogwoods in addition to its huge cypresses, damaged and the gardens were able to were knocked down or mortally wounded. ~ reopen one week after the storm. The main building, a romantic pink stucco § Damage to the surrounding forest area structure built around 1930 by a wine ~ was still being assessed. merchant who owned the property, was ~ An estimated 36 percent of the state's completely destroyed. ~ forest area, or about four million acres, was ~ severely damaged. It was a blow both to Silver Lining ~ natural areas, such as the Francis Marion ~ National Forest, and to the forestry Townsend said there is a silver lining ~ business, the state's third-largest industry. to the disaster: the staff had wanted to C!> Nurserymen were hurt, too, by power remove some trees so their azaleas outages, damage to structures, uprooting of would receive more sun, but they field-grown plants, and loss oflarge trees A helicopter removes trees from a South that shaded tender plants. feared that felling the trees would Carolina forest. damage the shrubs. Hugo had no such qualms. "Most of the azaleas should \ Escape from the Quake come back from their roots once we get said in late October that two-thirds of the trees off of them, and we should get their gardens had reopened, but that In California, even the botanical garden better bl00m," she said. the rest ofthe 70 acres were still being closest to the epicenter of the October Of 79 trees in the garden's picnic area, cleared of debris. The garden's most earthquake escaped damage. ''We're on only four remain. "And no one likes to popular attractions-its camellias, good, solid turf," said Brett Hall, picnic in the sun in a Charleston giant oak, lake, and butterfly statue­ manager of the Arboretum of the sununer," observed Townsend. "Our were all unscathed, said RandalL University of California at Santa Cruz. main area will look very different. We'll Tree experts from Colonial Williamsburg ''We had a few tools thrown around and a have a lot more land to plant, and maybe helped them stabilize and save some live few plants were knocked off the shelves. we'll put in roses and other things we oaks that were damaged, and many other That was about it." Officials at Strybing haven't been able to grow before." volunteers have helped with clean-up, Arboretum in Golden Gate Park and the Ninety-five percent of the pines in the Randall said a fund-drive has been started University of California Botanical surrounding forest were lost, but to help with the restoration, and that more Garden at Berkeley reported only minor clean-up was hindered by the garden's volunteers with botanical expertise will be damage that did not involve plants or location far from a main road. needed after clean-up is complete. important structures. Townsend said they were considering the solution used by nearby Magnolia Plantation and Gardens, which hired a helicopter to remove larger trees. l .. ;. William Tricker, Inc. The Magnolia garden, hit by winds up ~ America's Oldest Water Garden to 130 miles per hour, fared somewhat ~ SWl.li" ""a 1895 better and was able to reopen by mid­ Exclusive Videos on Water Gardening October. It lost 70 percent of its pines, but Made on Location at Tricker's! only five percent of the live oaks so NEW $39.95 each or $72.25 for both ... prevalent in the area. Species such as o HOW TO BUILD A WATER GARDEN cypresses and tupeloes growing in the o INTRODUCTION TO WATER GARDENING standing water of the garden's new Free Catalog Sent With Order of Video Or &- _." -: '.- . Audubon Swamp Garden seemed Send $2.50 for a Tricker's Color Catalog ~ - -:-' ~. impervious to uprooting, officials said. That Contains All Your Water Gardening Needs. t'-C-~B: -:. ._ .;~ Ross Randall of Charleston's Dept. AH -7125 Tanglewood Dr. ---- Middleton Place, which contains the Independence, OH 44131 oldest landscaped gardens in the country, (216) 524-3491

10. American Horticulturist • January 1990 ee c a t a I o 9 If the AHS Seed Catalog arrives, can spring be far behind? Pity the poor gardeners who haven't yet discovered the wonderful world of seed: too difficult, takes up too much room, they protest. They dream the winter away, their fingernails pitifully free of soil, waiting for the ground to warm and their perennials to arrive in the mail. Come April or so, they'll go deeply into debt at their local nursery. No such fate for participants in our Seed Program. Clean up those flats! Invest in a new heating cable! Check the vermiculite supply! You can have seedlings to pamper in a few weeks. We have easy seed and exotic seed. You can fill a greenhouse with cacti or start an herb garden on your kitchen windowsill. Astound the neighbors with a bountiful vegetable garden, or cool your apartment house rooftop with trees and vines. But whatever you do, make your selections today. Horticultural hope may spring eternal, but he or she who hesitates is lost; some of our most popular selections disappear the first week. Don't just sit there lost in reverie while fellow AHSers get the jump on you.

J1( to adorn your landscape by spring. How to order As you complete the order form, we hope Seed Program 1991 Although we have a small mountain of you will consider making a donation to help We're hard pressed to name the number many of the species listed here, in some defray the cost of the Seed Program by one reward of gardening, but ranking cases the donors--other members, seed including a voluntary contribution. This near the top has to be the feeling you get companies, and botanical gardens-were year, we are suggesting a minimum of$2 if when you've raised a plant in such abun­ able to provide only a small quantity. To you are ordering 10 packets of seed, and $3 dance that you have enough seed, cut­ increase the chances that you'll get the if you are ordering 15 packets. By donating tings, or divisions to share with your seed your heart desires, fill out your even more, you can help AHS expand and friends or neighbors. Start thinking now order form and mail it now. Whenever improve its Seed Program. All contributions about sharing your 1990 bounty with the possible, we will send you your first­ to the American Horticultural Society are American Horticultural Society's nation­ choice selections. But we ask that you list tax-deductible. wide community of gardeners. Although alternate selections that we can send in much of the seed in our catalog is donated case any of your first choices are Supplementary list by seed companies and botanical gar­ depleted. Our staff and volunteers who dens, we also depend heavily on dona­ fill your order will not choose substitu­ Seed received too late to include in the tions from members. We would like to see tions for you; only you know what is best catalog, but which we nevertheless want more Society members involved in both for your own garden. to make available to members, has been the give and take of this program. Par­ Once you've decided what you want to listed in a supplementary seed list that is ticularly if you have any unusual or rare order, fill out the order form on page 12. available upon request. The supplemen­ plants in your garden, we hope you will After sending us your order, it is tary list also includes seed we have in collect the seed and send it to us for the important that you keep this very limited quantities, so that we may 1991 seed offerings so that it can be catalog: you will need it to identify be able to fill only a few requests. Grow­ shared with American Horticultural the seed you receive. All the seed pack­ ing plants from seed is always an adven­ Society members. ets distributed through the Society's an­ ture; if you feel truly daring, the For information on the 1991 seed nual Seed Program are marked with only supplemental list also includes a group of program, write to: the master list numbers that appear in "mystery" seeds about which we could the catalog. find little information other than the Seeds 1991 There is no cut-off date for orders this names. If you would like to receive the American Horticultural Society year. But the longer you delay in placingyour supplementary list, please request it by 7931 East Boulevard Drive order, the less likely it is that you will receive checking the appropriate box in the seed Alexandria, VA 22308 all your first choices and have them up, ready order form.

he successful germination of seed re­ plained by a chart that will appear ease that will kill young seedlings or Tquires three conditions. First, the several times throughout the catalog. prevent their germination altogether. seed must be viable; second, the seed There are four environmental condi­ must not be dormant; and third, the ap­ tions that need to be controlled: .. A well-aerated growing medium. propriate environmental conditions .. Water. Once a seed takes up water, For indoor planting, use a commercial must be provided. it must not be allowed to dry out or the potting mix composed of sphagnum peat, Seed viability depends on a number of seed is lost. perlite, and/or vermiculite. Good results factors, including growing conditions and can also be obtained for many seed with storage conditions. Growing conditions are .. Temperature. Most seed will ger­ milled sphagnum or perlite or ver­ often beyond your control, but you can take minate readily at about 70· F. It is best miculite used alone. Do not use ordinary simple steps to assure storage conditions if the temperature is provided by bottom garden soil to germinate seed indoors; no that will maintain viability for a heat from a heating cable (a small heat­ matter how good its quality, it is very reasonable length of time: seeds should be ing cable is relatively inexpensive). unlikely that it will provide adequate stored in reasonably airtight containers There is some seed that may germinate aeration when placed in a seed flat. Also, and kept in a place where neither tempera­ best at a lower temperature-about 55· it is highly likely that garden soil is con­ ture nor humidity varies much. F or 60· F-while other seed require a taminated with organisms that can Some seeds will need your coaxing to warmer temperature of about 80· F . cause damage to seeds and seedlings. overcome dormancy. The procedures These will also be indicated in our chart. Whatever medium is chosen, it should be usually used to do this are scarification Never, however, expose any seed to ex­ thoroughly moistened before being and stratification-sometimes both. cessively hot or cold temperatures (below placed in the germinating flats. Make These processes will be explained later in 50· F or above 85· F) after the seed has sure that flats have drainage holes. the directions. As you read the catalog, imbibed water. you will find at the end of each seed Maintaining the optimum temperature .. The appropriate light level. description a code indicating whether will help assure that germination occurs as Some seed require light for germination germination will require scarification rapidly as possible; unnecessary delay of and others are inhibited by light. These and/or stratification. Those codes are ex- germination increases the likelihood ofdis- needs are also indicated in our chart.

2 • AHS 1990 Seed Program Catalog As soon as the young seedlings break transplant thoroughly and place it in a Sowing the seed the soil surface, remove the glass pane shaded location for about 24 hours. Fol­ The seed of many plants, particularly and place the seed flat in indirect light­ lowing this, the transplants may be annuals, can be sown safely outdoors ing or in a well-lit location until ready for placed in normal growing conditions. where the plant is to grow once the date transplanting. If you are depending on If the transplants are to grow outdoors of the last frost in your area has passed. bulbs to provide light, use fluorescent they must first be hardened to the new en­ But with all other plants, or to get an lighting. vironment. Hardening involves a gradual ad­ early start with these, you will want to About one week after germination you justment to outdoor temperature and light sow seed indoors in seed flats. Those that may begin fertilizing the seedlings with and is accomplished over a period of about will eventually be grown outdoors should one-quarter strength soluble fertilizer. You three to four days. Beginning a week or 10 be started about six to eight weeks before may apply it with every watering. When the days before the hardening process is to be the last frost date. seedlings are three weeks old, the fertilizer started, gradually reduce watering (but not to It is important that the germination can be increased to one-half strength. the point of allowing the plants to wilt) and medium be disease-free at the outset. Do not allow seedlings to become ex­ stop fertilizing. Then begin the hardening The best way to destroy organisms that cessively dry, but don't overwater either. process by moving the young transplants out­ can prevent germination is to pasteurize The seedlings must be keep reasonably doors where they will not be exposed to direct the medium. To do this, place a quantity moist without being soaked. Too much sunlight. On the first day of hardening, the of the moist (but not wet) medium in a water encourages disease; too little plants should be left outside for about four tray to a depth of not more than two water causes poor growth. hours during the morning. Over the next two inches and heat it in an oven for 30 or three days the plants are left out for longer minutes at a temperature of 180· F. As Transplanting periods, gradually introducing them to more an added precaution, the seed flat may light until hardening is completed. After this also be drenched with a fungicide formu­ Transplant the seedlings to individual treatment the transplants should be suffi­ lated to destroy damping-off organisms. pots as soon as two true leaves develop. ciently acclimated so that they can adapt to This should be done 24 hours prior to The smaller the seedlings are at permanent placement in the garden. sowing the seed. transplanting the better they tolerate The seed of trees and shrubs can be After the moistened germination the shock of transplanting. If you allow handled the same as any other seed, medium is put into the seed flat, mark the the seedlings to become too large before following all the procedures for sowing rows where the seed is to be sown. Most transplanting this may contribute to the the seed as outlined, but the young seed should be covered about one and failure of the transplant. tree or shrub seedlings should be one-half to two times its diameter. How­ Immediately before transplanting, planted outdoors in a protected loca­ ever, if the seed you are sowing is very thoroughly water the seed flat and let it tion for a year or two prior to setting small, there is no need to cover it with the drain for abou t an hour. This will hel p you them in their permanent location. medium; it is sufficient to press it lightly to remove the seedlings from the flat more so that it makes contact with the soil. It easily and will aid in reducing root injury. Breaking dormancy will help to disperse such seed evenly in An ordinary kitchen fork makes a good the row if you first mix the seed with transplanting tool. The tines of the fork will Cold stratification. Seeds that require about three or four times its volume of lift the seedlings easily from the flat without cold stratification before they are able to fine horticultural vermiculite (grade 2). contributing to excessive root damage. germinate should be sealed in a plastic bag Avoid sowing seed with different ger­ After transplanting, water the with a small amount of moist (but not wet) mination times in the same flat. Other­ sphagnum moss or peat moss. Tie the bag wise, you may find it impossible to closed and place in a refrigerator at 38· transplant the earlier seedlings without F to 40· F for the appropriate time, which disturbing those that germinate later. may be from one to four months. It is For the same reason, you should avoid important that the sphagnum or peat not planting seed too close together. Close be too wet; otherwise the seed may rot. spacing also encourages disease. Be sure to label the seed flats with the Warm stratification. Some seed re­ date and name ofthe seed sown. It's frustrat­ quires exposure to a period of warm ing to watch something sprout and wonder temperatures before the cold stratifica­ ''What's up?" And you'll find that gathering tion treatment begins. The seed is information on the performance of your treated exactly as for cold stratification plants enhances the fun of gardening. except that it is stored at a warm After sowing, water thoroughly with temperature of 70· F to 80· F for some a fine mist spray until water begins to period of time. drain out the bottom of the seed flat. This On The Cover ensures thorough wetting. Glass works Scarification. Some seed will not ger­ well for covering the tray: it's inexpen­ The art on the cover of the 1990 Seed minate because of a hard seed coat and sive, lets you see when seed has ger­ Catalog formerly graced the covers of The softening or breaking the seed coat is minated, and a gentle tap will serve to National Horticultural Magazine, the necessary to effect germination. A hard "rewater" the seeds. But plastic or even forerunner to American Horticulturist, seed coat may be rubbed with sandpaper damp newspaper (for those seeds that do during the late 1940s and early 1950s. The or a small file to alter it enough so that woodblock prints were designed by B. Y. not require light) will serve the purpose. Morrison, a Society founder, president, it can take up water. For some seed, a Put the flat on a heating cable, or in any and editor of its magazine for 37 years. hot water soak can accomplish this. location of suitable temperature. Do not Twelve of these prints have been used to Soak the seed in five times its volume of place the fiat in the sun or under a.ny create two sets of notecards- perfect for hot water (180 to 212· F) for 24 hours. strong light source, especially ifyou have gifts or greetings to fellow horticulturists. The hot water is poured over the seed covered it with glass. Excessive heat For information on purchasing the cards, and allowed to cool. build-up will kill the embryos. see our February magazine.

AHS 1990 Seed Program Catalog. 3 I.Abelnwschus spp. Pinkabelmoschus. Height: 6. Cleome hasslerana. Spider flower. 18. Malva sylvestris var. mauritiana. Mal­ 15 inches. Similar to hibiscus plants. Flowers from Height: 4 to 6 feet. Six-inch flower heads in low. Height: 3 feet. Biennial grown as an an­ mid-summer to fall. Reseeds. G,K [20,56] rose, white, lavender range, mid-summer to nual. Flowers in groups of two to six, petals autumn. Reseeds. A,B,L [15,56] deep rose purple with dark veins. Early spring 2. Agrostemma githago 'Milas Rosea'. to late summer. B,L Corn cockle. Height: 3 feet. Lilac pink flowers 7. Cosmos 'Bright Lights'. Height: 3 feet. with five petals, 3 inches across. Grasslike, Double, yellow, daisylike flowers. Excellent 19. Mirabilisjalapa. Common four-o'clock. gray-green foliage. Spring through early sum­ cut flower. Prefers full sun. A,B,L [25] Height: 2 to 3 feet. Funnel-shaped flowers mer. Will self-sow. A,B,L [52] open about four o'clock in the afternoon. 8. Delphinium spp. Larkspur. Height: 3 feet. White, yellow, or red flowers about 2-3 inches 3. Anchusa capensis. Bugloss. Height: 18 in­ Flowers are dark and light'blue in early sum­ long. Can treat as an annual and sow seeds in ches. Bright blue flowers. Lance-shaped, hairy mer. A,B,L [54] the spring or lift roots in fall and store over leaves about 2lh inches long. Summer. L [3] winter inside. B,L [58] 9. Dianthus armeria. Deptford pink. Height: 4. Chrysanthemum carinatum. Tri-color 16 inches. Flowers are deep pink, five-petaled 20. Myosotis sylvatica. Forget-me-not. chrysanthemum. Height: 2 to 3 feet. Daisylike and about 1 inch wide. Prefers full sun and Height: 9 to 24 inches. Small, five-petaled, flowers. White petals are banded with red, average to dry soil. Biennial grown as a hardy blue flowers with white or yellow eyes. Blooms orange, and yellow. L [3] . annual. A,L [2] spring to summer. Biennial grown as a hardy annual. L [3] 5. Clarkia amoena. Satin flower. Height: 3 10. Dolichos lablab. Hyacinth bean. Tender feet. A spreading plant that prefers light soil. perennial vine grown as an annual. Flowers 21. Nigella damascena. Love-in-a-mist. Flowers are pink to lavender with bright red pinkish purple, about 1 inch long. Fruit is a Height: 18 to 24 inches. It gets its common centers. A,B,L purple, flat pod, 2 inches long; seeds black or name from the way the solitary blue or white white. Ornamental member of the pea family; flowers appear to nestle in the misty, fernlike is edible. A,B,L [56] foliage. The balloon-shaped seed pods can be used in dried arrangements. Reseeds. Difficult he letters in the following table pro­ 11. Eschscholzia californica. California to transplant. B,L [38] Tvide germination information and re­ poppy. Height: 2 feet. Flowers Irange from quirements. For some seed, more than deep orange to pale yellow, 2 inches across. 22. Orthocarpus purpurascens. Owl's one germination technique may be used. Full sun. Blooms the first year, will reseed. clover. Height: 15 inches. A member of the For example, A,B indicates that the seed L,B [24,25,57] snapdragon family with hairy, purplish stems may be sawn indoors or outdoors. Also, bearing spikes of crimson or purple flowers some seed require more than one treat­ 12. Grindelia squarrosa. Gum plant. that are tipped with white or yellow and ment before germination can occur. Db, Height: 2 feet. Daisylike, yellow flowers. purple markings. Native to southern Arizona Eb indicates that a 3-month warm Blooms in late summer to fall. Perennial and southern California. L stratification treatment must precede a grown as an annual. L 60-day cold stratification treatment. 23. Papaver rhoeas. Flanders or corn poppy. 13. Helichrysum bracteatum. Straw­ Height: 3 feet. Stems branching and wiry. A May be sown indoors in flats. flower. Height: 3 feet. Daisylike flowers: yel­ Flowers are four-petaled and red to deep B May be sown outdoors where low, red, and white. Blooms from mid-summer purple. B,L [3] they are to grow. until frost. Excellent everlasting flower. C Sow indoors into peat pots to A,B,H,L[3] 24. Papaver spp. Shirley poppy. A strain of minimize transplant shock. the above species. B,L [63] Da Warm stratification of 2 months. 14. Hibiscus trionum. Flower-of-an-hour. Db Warm stratification of 3 months. Height: 2 feet. Hibiscuslike flowers, yellow to 25. Rudbeckia hirta 'Gloriosa Daisy'. Dc Warm stratification of 4 months. white with very dark, reddish centers. Some­ Height: 36 inches. Daisylike flowers, golden Dd Warm stratification of 5 months. times self-sows. July to September. A,K [61] petals and brown centers. Blooms in summer De Warm stratification of 6 months. and fall. Short-lived perennial grown as an Ea Cold stratification of 30 days. 15. Lagenaria siceraria. Corsican gourd. annual. A,B,K [37,56] Eb Cold stratification of 60 days. Large, 30-foot vine producing sinall, brightly Ec Cold stratification of 90 days. colored ornamental gourds. A,G [3] 26. Rudbeckia hirta 'Gloriosa Pinwheel'. Ed Cold stratification of 120 days. Height: 3 feet. Single, daisylike flowers with F Scarification. 16. Lavatera trimestris 'Mont Blanc' and mahogany and gold stripes. A,B,K [8] G Hot-water soak. 'Silver Cup'. Height: 3 feet. Mix of silky white H Light recommended for germination. flowers and salmon pink flowers with dark rose 27. Scabiosa atropurpurea 'Giant I Dark recommended for germination. veins. Chalice-shaped, similar to hollyhocks. Ex­ Imperial'. Pincushion flower. Height: 3 feet. J Cool temperature required for cellent cut flowers. Summer. B [52] Pincushion-shaped, 3-inch flowers in blue, germination (55' to 60' F). white, rose, pink, crimson, lavender. A,B,L [8] K Warm temperature required for 17. Lobelia erinus 'Rosamond'. Height: 4 germination (80' F). inches. Small dainty flowers; deep carmine red 28. Xeranthemum annuum. Immortelle. L Easy to germinate. with white edges. Full sun or partial shade, good Height: 2 to 3 feet. Flowers: I lh inches; white, M Difficult to germinate. for edging or rock gardens. Blooms spring. A,K purple, violet, rose. Useful in arrangements N No reliable germination information. (start indoors 10 to 12 weeks before transplant­ both fresh-cut or dried as everlastings. A,B,L [3] o Sow in fall. ing outside after frost) [8]

4 • AHS 1990 Seed Program Catalog 29. Acanthus mollis. Bear's breech. Height: 41. Aquilegia vulgaris. Granny's bonnets. 51. Dianthus deltoides. Maiden pink. 2 feet. Basal leaves are 2 feet long and 1 foot Height: 3 feet. Flowers are blue, purple, white. Height: 4 to 15 inches. Low growing with wide, hairy on upper surface. Flowers are May to July. Zone 4. Ea (germination takes 4 grasslike leaves. Flowers are red or pink with berne on spikes, rose-colored, white, or lilac. weeks) [3,26] crimson eyes. Zone 2 to 3. B,L [3,14] Blooms in August. Zone 8. B 52. Dianthus plumarius. Cottage pink. 30.Alcearosea. Rose-of-Sharon or hollyhock. Ock gardeners have several excellent Height: 16 inches. Mat-forming, narrow, gray Height: 10 feet. Spikes of white, pink, or Rspecimens to choose from in this leaves; small, fragrant flowers. Flowers are purple flowers about 2 to 4 inches across. year's Seed Program. Purple, spring­ purplish and often fringed with rose, purple, Requires staking. Zone 2 to 3. A,B,J ,L [19] blooming pasque flowers (36); nodding or white. May and June. Zone 3. B,L [37] white heads of fan columbines (40); and 31. Alcea rosea 'Nigra'. Same as above but cheery, yellow coltsfoot flowers (140) are 53. Dictamnus albus. Gas plant. Height: 2 with dark maroon, almost black flowers. [5] great additions to rock gardens. Other to 3 feet. White to pink flowers in summer. favorites are bristle-leaved asters (43), Plant, especially seed, is poisonous. Excellent 32. Allium christophii. Star-of-Persia. pussy toes (37), and lobelias (17). for perennial border. Zone 4. Eb,J (germinates Height: 15 inches. Large flowering heads with in 30 to 40 days) [13] purple, starlike flowers. June. Good for dried arrangements. Zone 4. B [19] 42. Arisaema triphyllum. Jack-in-the-pulpit. 54. Digitalisgrandiflora. Foxglove. Height: Height: 1 foot. Native North American wood­ 2 to 3 feet. Pale yellow, tubular flowers with 33. Allium splen.dens. Height: 20 inches. Inflo­ land plant. Prefers cool, shady places. Flowers brown markings inside. Blooms early June to rescence has small, rose-lilac flowers. Zone4. B [19] in early spring and produces orange-red berries. mid-July. Self-sows. Zone 3. L [45] Zone 4. 0 [30,59] 34. Anaphalis margaritacea. Pearly everlast­ 55. Digitalis lutea. Foxglove. Height: 3 feet. ing. Height: 2 feet. Gray, slender leaves. Flowers 43. Aster linearifolius. Bristle-leaved aster. Tall spikes of yellow, bell-like flowers. Needs are small, white, and abundant. Used for dried Height: 2 feet. Leaves are very narrow and no staking. Blooms in summer. Zone 4. L [5] arrangements. Summer to early fall. Zone 4. B [55] wiry. Purple, ray flowers about 2 inches across in the fall. Good for rock garden. Zone 4. L [37] 56. Digitalis purpurea. Foxglove. Height: 4 35. Anemone narcissiflora and Anemone feet. Tall flower spikes with purple, pink, nemorosa. Mix of windflowers. Height: 1f2 to 44. Belamcandachinensis. Blackberry lily. white flowers about 3 inches long. Biennial 11,-2 feet. Flowers are white. Spring. Zone 3 to Height: 2 to 4 feet. Tuberous rooted. Flowers: that reseeds itself. Zone 4. A,B,H [47] 6. L (may take 5 to 6 weeks to germinate) [55] 11,-2 to 2 inches; orange, spotted red, early summer. Mulch heavily in cold areas. Zone 5. 36. Anemone patens. Pasque flower. Height: A,B,L [5,33,44,56] Save this catalog! 6 to 8 inches. An early spring bloomer with violet flowers. Full sun or light shade; good for 45. Campanula rapunculoides. Creeping Seed packets are marked by catalog rock garden. Zone 5. L (may take 5 to 6 weeks bellflower. Height: 3 feet. Produces bell­ number only, so it will be your only means to germinate) [13] shaped, blue flowers in the summer, about 1 of identifying the seeds you have selected. inch long. Can be invasive. Zone 3. A,B,L [30] 37. Antennaria spp. Pussy toes. Flowers are white and tubular on the female plant; funnel­ 46. Camps is radicans. Trumpet vine. 57. Erigeron speciosus. Oregon fleabane. form on male. Can grow in poor soils; good rock Flowers are bright orange, trumpet-shaped Height: 15 to 30 inches. Purple flowers resembling garden plant. Good for dried flower arrange­ and 3 inches long. Blooms in late summer. hardy asters. Good for borders. Blooms in summer. ments. Zone 3. A,J [55] Zone 5. Eb (germinates in 30 days) [10] Zone 2 to 3. A,B,L [3]

38. Aquilegia alp ina. Alpine columbine. 47. Clematis 'Barbara Jackman'. Clematis. 58. Fragaria vesca. European strawberry. Height: 1 foot. Nodding, bright blue flowers in Large flowering hybrid clematis. Flowers are Height: 8 to 12 inches. Used primarily as a summer. Light shade; moist, well-drained soil. blue-purple with wide crimson bar and creamy ground cover, is everbearing with large white Zone 3. Ea (takes 1 to 3 months to germinate; stamens. Blooms May, June, and September. flowers and edible red fruit from June to late reducing night temperature is beneficial for ger­ Zone 5. L [62] fall. Zone 5 to 6. A,L [3] mination) [31,34] 48. Clematis ochroleuca. Clematis. Height: 59. Gaillardia aristata. Common blanket­ 39. Aquilegia discolor. Height: 6 inches. 11,-2 to 2 feet. Bell-shaped, yellow-green flower. Height: 2 to 3 feet. Flowers are yellow, Dwarf species with tufts of finely-cut leaves and flowers with four sepals reflexed back. Blooms daisylike, and bloom most of the summer. soft blue and cream flowers. Reseeds. Zone 3. Ea in summer. Zone 5. Ec [2] Thrives in dry soils, hot temperatures. Zone 4. (takes 1 to 3 months to germinate; reducing night A,B,I,L (germinates in 3 weeks) [3,12] temperature is beneficial for germination) [19] 49. Coreopsis 'Early Sunrise'. Coreopsis. Height: 26 inches. Golden yellow, semi-double 60. Galium odoratum. Sweet woodruff'. 40. Aquilegia flabellata 'Nana Alba'. Fan flowers. Blooms from early summer to fall. Very Height: 6 inches. Ground cover with whorled columbine. Height: 8 to 10 inches. Leaves are showy. Zones 3 to 10. B,L [8] leaves and small white flowers. May to June. blue-green; flowers are white with short in­ Needs shade. Zone 4 to 5. L [3] curved spurs. Blooms late spring. Good for 50. Dianthus barb at us. Sweet William. rock garden. Zone 5. Ea (takes 1 to 3 months Flowers are small, red, white, pink, and violet. 61. Geranium spp. Hardy geranium. Height: to germinate; reducing night temperature is Height varies with this mix. Zone 4. B,L 1 to 2 feet. Blue flowers about an inch across. beneficial for germination) [19] [3,14,25,58] Zone 4. A,B,L [54]

AHS 1990 Seed Program Cata log + 5 62. Gladiolus gracilis. Gladiolus. Height: 74. Oenothera hookeri. Giant evening prim­ 2112 feet. Cylindrical leaves up to 2V2 feet long. rose. Height: 2 to 8 feet. Biennial grown as a nless otherwise stated, it should be Flowers fragrant, blue or pale pink. A tender perennial. Basal rosette ofleaves; 2 to 5 inches Uassumed that all plants grown from perennial that must be planted in spring, lifted long and lanceolate. Flowers in terminal spikes, the seed in this catalog do best in full sun. in fall, and stored inside overwinter in Northern yellow aging to orange-red. Blooms in the eve­ Also, the "L" symbol, which indicates that areas. [42] ning. Zone 8. L (mulch for winter protection) the seed is easy to germinate, does not necessarily mean that it is also easy to 63. Hesperis matronalis. Dame's rocket. 75. Osmorhiza claytonii. Sweet jarvil or grow once it has germinated. If you are Height: 3 to 4 feet. Narrow, toothed leaves. woolly cicely. Height: 3 feet. Leaves up to 1 foot; totally unfamiliar with a particular species, White or purple, fragrant flowers produced in small, white to yellow flowers in umbels. Fruit you may want to consult a horticultural loose, terminal racemes. Summer. Zone 2 to 3. is round and up to an inch long. Zone 3. N [30] reference book or contact Gardener's In­ L [3,5,30] formation Service here at the Society. 76. Penstemon cyananthus. Wasatch 64. Hosta sieboldiana 'Frances Williams'. penstemon. Height: 3 feet. Flowers are bright A May be sown indoors in flats. Height: 30 inches. Large, round, heavily textured blue, about 1 inch long, appearing in dense e May be sown outdoors where blue leaves with gold border. Lilac flowers in spikes. Zone 3 to 4. L [3] . they are to grow. summer. Shade. Zone 4. A,B,L [7,21] C Sow indoors into peat pots to 77. Platycodon grandiflorus. Balloon minimize transplant shock. 65. Hosta ventricosa. Blue plantain illy. flower (mix of white-flowered and blue-flowered Da Warm stratification of 2 months. Grown primarily for its dark green foliage. Leaves varieties). Height: 3 feet. Balloonlike buds open Db Warm stratification of 3 months. up to 9 inches long and 5 inches wide. Flowers are into star-shaped, 2-inch wide flowers. Blooms Dc Warm stratification of 4 months. dark violet. Shade. Zone 3. A,B,L [31] June and August. Zone 4. L [54] Dd Warm stratification of 5 months. De Warm stratification of 6 months. 66. Iris ensata. Japanese iris. Flowers are 6 78. Potentilla arguta. Tall cinquefoil. Ea Cold stratification of 30 days. to 9 inches across. Leaves grow to 2 feet. Best Height: 3 feet tall. Flowers whitish cream, 112 Eb Cold stratification of 60 days. grown in humus-rich soil; good for water gar­ inch across. Stems are erect and purplish. [61] Ec Cold stratification of 90 days. dens and banks. June. Zone 5 to 9.0 [21] Ed Cold stratification of 120 days. 79. Potentilla recta 'Warrenii'. Sulphur F Scarification. 67. Iris pseudacorus. Yellow flag. Yellow­ cinquefoil. Height: 1112 to 2 feet. Erect plants G Hot-water soak. flowered iris with blue-green foliage. Can be with buttercup yellow, summer-blooming H Light recommended for germination. grown in moist areas, bogs, and streams. Late flowers up to 1 inch across. Zone 3. A,B,L [17] I Dark recommended for germination. spring. Zone 6. 0 J Cool temperature required for 80. Salvia stenophyllum. Height: 2 feet. germination (55' to 60' F). 68. Leontopodium alpinum. Edelweiss. Leaves are sticky, aromatic, and about 2 in­ K Warm temperature required for Height: 6 to 12 inches. Foliage is silvery white ches long. Plant is topped with spikes of 1 germination (80' F). due to short woolly hairs. Flowers are yellow inch, light blue flowers. A tender perennial. L L Easy to germinate. over silvery woolly bracts and bloom in mid­ [10] M Difficult to germinate. summer. Zone 5. A,B,Ea,H,J [3] N No reliable germination information. 81. Saponaria ocymoides. Rock soap wort. o Sow in fall. 69. Lilium canadense. Canada lily. Height: Height: 10 inches. Trailing plant forms a 2 to 5 feet. Flowers are yellow to red, bloom in mound of small leaves with reddish branches. July. Zone 3. A,B,L [63] Small, dark pink, five-petaled flowers. Peak green leaves and small, blue, starlike flowers. blooming in late spring but sporadic blooms Spring-flowering plant requiring moist, well­ 70. Lunaria annua. Money plant. Height: 3 will appear until fall. Zone 4. A,B,L [19] drained soil and full sun. Zone 3. A,L [2] feet. Flowers are purple or white and fragrant. Fruit is silvery, papery, and coin-shaped. Bien­ 82. Scabiosa caucasica. Pincushion flower. 87. Thalictrum polygamum. Tall meadow nial that will reseed. Useful for dried arrange­ Height: 2 feet. Blue flowers with flat heads in July rue. Height: 2 to 8 feet. Panicles of delicate ments. B,L [2,44] and August. Excellent cut flower. Zone 2 to 3. white flowers blooming early in summer and A,B,L (if sown indoors, germinate at 60' to 65' F into fall. Zone 3. L [2] 71. Lychnis chalcedonica. Maltese cross. for 2 weeks) [60] Height: 2 to 3 feet. Open-growing, branched plant 88. Tigridia pavonia. Mexican shell flower. with hairy leaves and stems. Flowers are scarlet; 83. Schizostylis coccinea 'Mrs. Hegarty'. Height: 2 feet. Foliage is sword-shaped. June to July. Zone 4. L (best germination rates at Height: 1 to 1112 feet. Narrow, evergreen leaves Flowers are 3 to 6 inches across and a variety 68' F) [5,61] (plant does best in mild-wintered climates). of colors. A tender cormous plant that will Spikes of showy, rose pink flowers in fall. Zone have to be lifted in fall and replanted in spring 9. (plant in spring, lift in fall, and overwinter in the North. Zone 6. [21,35] Save this catalog! inside in Northern areas) [35] 89. Tulipa tarda. Tulip. Stem can grow up to 84. Senecio fendleri. Groundsel. Height: 18 to . 3 inches; leaves, 4 to 7 inches; and flowers, 2 72. Moraea polystachya. Height: 3 feet. Iris­ 28 inches. Stems are thick with toothed basal inches. Buds erect, opening to a flat star shape. like plant with three to four ribbed leaves. leaves. Blooms early summer, yellow flowers . [55] Red flowers. Zone 4. 0 [34] White-purple flowers, yellow blotches at the base of each flower. Zone 9. 0 [42] 85. Silene vulgaris. Bladder campion. 90. Yuccaaloifolia. Dagger plant. Height: 10 Height: 2 feet. Petals two-lobed, large, and to 25 feet. Leaves are 2 to 3 feet long and 2 to 73. Nicotiana sylvestris. Flowering tobacco. white. Good for rock gardens. Zone 4. L [61] 3 feet wide. Flower are white, about 4 inches Height: 4 feet. Flowers are trumpet-shaped, long and appear on a panicle 2 feet high. white inside and greenish white outside. 86. Sisyrinchium angustifolium. Blue­ Blooms in late summer. Zone 8. Seeds ger­ Blooms summer to frost. A tender perennial eyed grass. Height: 10 inches. A member of the minate slowly at 55' F. [51] grown as an annual in North. B,L [5,16,50,58] lily family, this grasslike plant bears blue-

6 + AHS 1990 Seed Program Catalog chamomile. Height: 2 feet. White, daisylike 116. Aster umbellatus. Flat-top aster. Annuals flowers are used to make tea. B,L [3] Height: 2 feet. White flowers in a dense, flat­ 91. Anagallis arvensis. Scarlet pimpernel. topped corymb. Fall. Zone 4. Height: 4 to 12 inches. Tiny but profuse orange to 106. Nemophila menziesii.Baby blue eyes. scarlet flowers. Flowers close up during cloudy Height: 30 inches. Blue, cup-shaped flowers 117. Castillejaminiata var. miniata. Giant weather or in late afternoon. June to August. L [3] with white centers. Leaves are tufted and form red paintbrush. Height: 2l;2 feet. Leaves lanceo­ a rosette. Spring. L [57] late; 2 inches long. Flowers are scarlet; blooms in 92. Asclepias curassavica. Bloodflower. summer. Zone 3. N [23]. Height: 3l;2 feet. Flowers are bright crimson, 107. Phacelia campanularia. California about :}'S inch long. Attracts butterflies. bluebell. Height: 8 to 20 inches. Flowers: blue, lIS. Centaurea macrocephala. Globe cen­ Blooms early in season; will reseed. B,L [10] spring to summer. Drought tolerant. L [17] taurea. Height: 4 feet. A large, coarse plant with yellow, thistlelike flowers in June and 93. Bidens polylepis. Tickseed sunflower. lOS. Silene armeria. Catchfly. Height: 1 to 2 July. Specimen plant; flowers useful in dried Height: 3 feet. Daisylike, yellow flowers. feet. Flowers: rose pink, verbena-like, mid- to arrangements. Zones 2 to 3. 0 [58] August through September. Good for late-summer. B,L [3,17] naturalizing; will reseed. 0 [40] 119. Coreopsis lanceolata. Tickseed. 109. Silene pendula. Drooping catchfly. Height: 1 to 3 feet. Stems are erect; leafY at 94. Centaurea cyanus. Bachelor's button. Height: 10 inches. Like the Silen.e armeria, base and leafless at top. Flowers are 2 to 2V2 Height: 2l;2 feet. Blue flowers. June to Septem­ useful in the rock garden. B,L [17] inches across; bright yellow. Zone 3. A,B,H,L ber. Tolerates light shade. B,L [3] [12,40,57]

95. Clarkia unguiculata. Height: 3 feet. Perennials 120. Daucus carota. Queen Anne's lace. A Summer flowers are rosy red, 2V2 inches wide. 11 O. Achillea millefolium. Yarrow. Height: 4 tap-rooted biennial treated as a perennial. Native to California. Reseeds. B,L [17] feet. Aromatic, fernlike foliage and clusters of Small, white flowers borne on large, com­ whitish pink flowers. Excellent for dried arrange­ pound umbels from July to September. Used 96. Coreopsis tinctoria. Height: 3 feet. ments. Zone 3. L [2] in dried flower arrrangments. Graceful but Flowers: daisylike, yellow and maroon, sum­ can be invasive. Zone 3. 0 [37] mer to fall. Reseeds. B,L [3,57] 111. Achillea millefolium 'Rubra'. A red­ flowering form of the above. [3] 121. Dyssodia acerosa. Height: 4 to 10 in­ 97. Coreopsis tinctoria. A dwarf, red-flower­ ches. A mosslike plant with threadlike, l;2 inch ing variety of the above. [17] 112. Allium giganteum. Giant onion. Height: long leaves. Flowers are daisylike, lemon yel­ 3 to 4 feet. Globose inflorescence on top of erect tall low in color. N 9S. Dimorphotheca pluvialis. Rain cape mari­ stalk is made up of many tiny lilac-pink flowers. gold. Height: 16 inches. Summer flowers have Late spring to early summer. Zone 5. Seed sown 122. Echinacea purpurea. Purple cone­ yellow centers, with white petals that are purple in spring will bloom in two to three years. [13] flower. Height: 2 to 3 feet. Pinkish purple flowers underneath. Reseeds. Low water requirement. with dome centers; petals reflex slightly down. G,L[17] 113. Aquilegia canadensis. Wild colum­ Blooms summer to fall. Zone 3. A, (30 day cold bine. Flowers are yellow with long red spurs. stratification will improve germination) 99. Gilia leptantha var. purpussi. Height: Prefers rich, moist, well-drained soil, shade. [12,22,61] 3 feet. Flowers: blue, violet, white, May to August. Spring. Zone 3. A,B,Ea,H,L [13,19,29] Native to California. B,L 123. Eupatorium cannabinum. Hemp 114. Aquilegia canadensis 'McKana's agrimony. Height: 4 feet. Flowers in the summer, 100. Linaria maroccana. Toadflax. Height: Giant'. Height: 30 inches. Mixed colors. Long reddish mauve to whitish flowers in dense 18 to 24 inches. Flowers: bicolor of yellow, and spurs. Zone 3. A,B,Ea,H,L [9] corymbs. Zone 4. B,L [58] red, pink, white, or purple. Spring and summer. Reseeds. Low water requirement. B,L [17] 115.Asclepias tuberosa. Butterfly weed. Height: 124. Eupatorium pu,pureum. Bluestem Joe­ 3 feet. Tiny, bright orange flowers from June to Pye weed. Height: 10 feet. Flowers are open, 101. Linumgrandi/lorum var. rubrum. Scar­ September. Attracts butterflies. Zone 3. L [2] rounded panicles ranging from pink to purplish; let flax. Height: 12 to 18 inches. Flowers: red, rarely white. Summer flowers attract butterflies. summer. Drought-resistant. Tolerates light Zone 4. B,L [1] shade. B,L [3,10,12,25] any of our wildflowers this year have 125. Geum triflorum. Prairie smoke. the exciting bonus of attracting but­ M Height: 12 to 18 inches. Flowers in April 102. Linum usitatissimum. Flax. Height: 4 terflies- perfect for both wildflower feet. Flowers are blue, sometimes white, l;2 inch through June. Flowers are small, reddish meadows and butterfly gardens. Two across in terminal leafy panicles. B,L [10] brown, pink to purple; leaves are deeply dis­ species of milkw~ butterfly's favorite sected. Unique fruiting stalks have long, dish (92,115)-are offered plus Queen 103. Lupinus densiflorus (mixed). Lupine. feathery hairs. B,L,O [55] Anne's lace (120), rudbeckia (138,139), Height: 2l;2 feet. Flowers: purple, rose, yellow, gay-feather (129), coneflower (122), tick­ 126. Hypericum ascyron. Great St. J ohn's cream, spring and summer. Reseeds. B,L [17] seed (119), bluestem Joe-Pye weed (124), wort. Height: 4 feet. Yellow flowers, 2 inches coreopsis (96), and yarrow (11 0). These are across. Summer. Zone 3. 104. Lupinus densiflorus var. aureus. A yel­ among our more popular selections so be low flowering form ofthe above. B,L [17] sure to send in your seed order as soon as 127. Juncus effusus. Bog rush. Height: 4 pOSSible! 105. Matricaria recutita. German feet. Grasslike bog plant. Blue-green, round

AHS 1990 Seed Program Catalog . 7 but pointed stems. Must have moist soil; ex­ cellent for ponds and streams. Zone 3. L [2]

128. Kosteletzkya virginica. Seashore mal­ low. Height: 5 feet. Flowers are pale to deep pink, hibiscuslike, and 2 inches across. Sep­ 141. Agrostis nebulosa. Cloudgrass. Height: through August. Can be invasive. Perennial. tember. Zone 6. 0 [40] 12 to 18 inches. Delicate and graceful. Derives its Zone 3. L [13] name from clusters of small white flower spikes 129. Liatris spp. Gay-feather or blazing star. that resemble clouds. Cut for dried arrangements. 143. Setaria italica. Green foxtail. Height: Height: 1 to 3 feet. Erect spikes of small, Native to Spain. Annual. L [3] 3 feet. Used for fresh or dried arrangements. purple flowers. Prefers moist, rich soil and full Birds feed on the seed. Good accent plant. sun. Zone 4. A,B,L [24,46] 142. Phalaris arundinacea picta. Ribbon Annual. L [8] grass. Height: 4 feet. Striped white and green 130. Linum lewisii. Blue flax. Height: 2 feet. leaves about 6 to 12 inches long and 3/4 inch 144. Sorghum bicolor. Broomcorn. Height: 12 Delicate sky blue flowers on lacy plants. Rela­ wide; similar to a small bamboo. Will adapt to feet. Rapidly growing, coarse-textured grass used tive of the flax used in fabric. Zone 4. L [57] poor soils and wet conditions. Flowers in June for making brooms. Annual. L [10]

131. Lobelia cardinalis. Cardinal flower. Height: 4 feet. Brilliant red, tubular flowers, 1 to 11/2 inches long. July to September. Zone 3. L [2,56]

132. Lobelia siphilitica. Great lobelia. 145. Acer miyabei. Miyabe maple. Height: 30 tersweet. Deciduous, climbing or twining Height: 1 to 3 feet. Dense racemes of beautiful to 40 feet. Has an upright, oval form. Zone 4. Ec,L shrub that will grow to 25 feet with support. blue flowers in late summer. Zone 5. L [30] Bright, orange-red fruit in fall; used for indoor 146.Acerpaxii. Height: 30 feet. An evergreen arrangements. Need both male and female 133. Lomatium nudicaule. Pestle parsnip. maple with three-lobed, thick and leathery plant for fruit production. Zone 2. Ed [41] Height: 2 feet. Inflorescences are flat heads of leaves. Seed pods (samaras) have wings small yellow flowers. Fernlike, deeply dissected diverging at right angles. Zone 7. N (Ec is 152. Cercidiphyllum japonicum. Katsura leaves, about 8 inches long. Zone 7 to 9. N [1] probably helpful) tree. Height: 40 to 60 feet. An excellent specimen with fast early growth. Has bluish 134. Lupinus perennis. Wild lupine. Height: 147. Alnus glutinosa. Black alder. Height: green leaves that change to yellowish orange in 1 to 2 feet. Blue flowers bloom May to July. 40 to 60 feet. Grows quickly and does well in the fall. Difficult to transplant. Zone 4 to 8. L Seed poisonous. Zone 4. B,L [3] wet areas. Has a pyramidal habit and makes a good ornamental tree. Zone 3 to 7. Ec,L 153. Comus capitata. Evergreen dogwood. 135. Malvamoschata. Musk mallow. Height: Height: 40 feet. A Chinese native, this tree has 3 to 4 feet. Red-purple flowers bloom June to semi-evergreen to evergreen leaves that turn July. Tends to be invasive. Zone 3. B,L [1,61] reate a unique garden by planting the bronze in winter. Pale yellow flowers in sum­ CChinese paper birch (148), a 1i"le­ mer; red, strawberrylike fruits in fall. Round, 136. Penstemon digitalis. Foxglove beard­ known but beautiful tree introduced from bushy habit. Zone 7. N tongue. Height: 5 feet. Panicles of small, whitish China in the early 1900s. It has a rounded pink flowers in late spring. Self-sows. Zone 3. L [2] shape and exquisite bark character: a rich 154. Cornus kousa. Oriental dogwood. orange-red that peels off in sheets with a Height: 21 feet. Deciduous tree, similar to 137. Prenanthes aspera. Rattlesnake root. white glaucous bloom. Excellent for year­ Comus florida. Pointed white bracts in the Height: 4 feet. Creamy, nodding flowers in fall. N round interest and hardy up to Zone 5. spring and red, raspberrylike fruit in fall. Zone 5, Ec [59] 138. Rudbeckia fulgida var. sullivantii. Coneflower. Petals are yellow-orange, 2 in­ 148. Betula albo-sinensis. Chinese paper 155. Crataegus phaenopyrum. Washington ches long; centers are brownish purple. Zone birch. Height: 60 feet. A rare Chinese birch hawthorn. Height: 30 feet. An excellent haw­ 4. A,B,L (sow when soil is warm) [40] with bright orange to orange-red exfoliating thorn: many white flowers, scarlet fruit, and bark. Foliage is dark yellow-green in summer beautiful orange to red autumn foliage. Zone changing to yellow in fall. Excellent specimen 4. Dc, followed by Ed Save this catalog! for winter interest. Zone 5. Eb,H [48] 156. Crataegus viridis. Green hawthorn. Seed packets are marked by catalog 149. Betula lenta. Sweet birch. Height: 40 to 55 Height: 40 feet. Deciduous tree with thorns about number only, so it will be your only means feet. Is resistant to the bronze birch borer. Has a Ill.! inches long. Flowers white, May. Fruit is red to of identifying the seeds you have selected. pyramidal form when young and a rounded, red-()range, coloring in fall and persisting. Excellent spreading habit when mature. Fall color is golden fall color. Zone 5. Dc, followed by Ed [46] yellow; known for having the best fall color of all 139. Rudbeckia triloba. Brown-eyed Susan. birches. Zone 3. Ea,H,L 157. Eriobotryajaponica. Loquat. Height: Height: 5 feet. Flower petals are deep yellow 25 feet. Widely cultivated as a sub-tropical to orange; centers are brown to black-purple. 150. Calycanthus fWridus. Carolina allspice. ornamental and for edible fruit produced only Biennial. A,B,L (sow when soil is warm) [30] Height: 6 to 9 feet. Deciduous shrub with dark, in warm climates. Fruit Ill.! inches long and ribbon flowers in May and June. Brown, urn­ yellow. Zone 7. 0 [25] 140. Tussilago farfara. Coltsfoot. Height: 1 shaped fruit in fall. Flowers, leaves, and stems foot. Sends up flowers before leaves in early are very fragrant. Very disease- and insect­ 158. Erythrinaherbacea. Eastern coral-bean. spring. Flowers are small, yellow, daisylike. resistant shrub. Zone 4. Ec [12] Height: 2 to 3 feet. Stems will die back each Tolerates wide variety of conditions; rock gar­ year. Triangular leaves; scarlet flowers 2 inches dens or banks. Zone 3. 0 [2] 151. Celastrus scandens. American bit- long. Fruit are 5-inch pods. Zone 8. G

8 • AHS 1990 Seed Program Catalog 159. Evodia daniellii. Korean evodia. mer. Leaves are pinnately or bipinnately com­ 170. Quercus imbricaria. Shingle oak. Height: 25 feet. Rare, small tree, native to pound. Fall seed pods resemble miniature Height: 60 feet. Excellent oak for landscape; China and Korea. Small white flowers in 6 Chinese lanterns. Zone 5 to 9. Ec,F deciduous, narrow, oblong leaves and russet inch clusters. Red fruit splits open to reveal fall color. Can be grown as a clipped hedge. black seeds. Early summer. Zone 5. 0 [4] 164. Kolkwitzia amabilis. Beautybush. Zone 5. Eb or 0 [53] Height: 15 feet. Deciduous shrub. Flowers pink, late May to early June. Red autumn foliage. Fast 171. Rhodotypos scandens. Black jetbead. he Korean evodia (159), an excellent growing. Zone 4 to 8. L Height: 6 feet with a 9-foot spread. Loosely Tsmall tree with few pest or disease branched shrub. Flowers are white. May to problems, is a landscaping gem. Not only 165. Leucaena leucocephala. White popinac early June. One of the better shrubs for poor does it provide year-round interest but it tree. Resembles mimosa or acacia trees. Has conditions and heavy shade. Fast growing. is one of the few trees to flower in the white flowers. Very fast growth rate: 65 feet in Zone 4 to 8. Da,Ea,M middle of summer. The pinnately com­ seven years. Zone 9. G [56] pound, dark green leaves create an airy, 172. Sambucus melanocarpa. Elderberry. light texture and in June and July, the tree 166. Paulownia tomentosa. Empress tree. Height: 6 feet. Deciduous shrub with fast becomes covered with white flowers. Height: 45 feet. Fast-growing tree similar to growth and coarse texture. Small, yellow­ Afterwards masses of fruits appear, split­ the catalpa tree in texture and shape. Flowers white flowers in late spring; black fruit in ting open to reveal small, shiny black are large and violet. Fruit capsules are dry, summer. Zone 6. Ec [39] seeds. brown open "nuts" arranged in a pyramidal fashion. Tolerates a wide variety of soils, con­ 173. Syringa pekinensis. Peking tree lilac. ditions, and pollution. Zone 5. H,L [6] Height: 15 feet. June flowers are yellowish 160. Fraxinus bungeana. Ash. Height: 15 white. Purplish, peeling bark. Zone 3 to 7. feet. A small ash native to China. Zone 4. N, 167. Platycarya strobilacea. Platycara. Da,Eb (Ec probably helpful) Height: 40 feet. Deciduous tree. Leaves are up to 4 inches long. Flowers are male and female 174. Ulmus parvifolia. Chinese elm. Height: 161. Gleditsia triacanthos. Honey locust. catkins. Zone 6. N [4] 40 to 50 feet. Has a graceful, round-headed Height: 70 feet. Open, spreading crown, fast habit. Resistant to the Dutch elm disease, elm growing. Leaves are pinnately and bipinnate­ 168. Poncirus trifoliata. Hardy orange. leaf beetle, and the Japanese beetle. Easy to ly compound; seed pods are brown and up to 8 Height: 15 to 20 feet. Green stems and broad grow. Zone 4 to 9. Eb,L inches long. Zone 3 to 9. F,L spines. Flowers are 2 inches across, white, and very fragrant. Fruit is small, round, and yel­ 175. Viburnum prunifolium. Black haw. 162. Gymnocladus dioica. Kentucky coffee low, ripening in fall. Can be used as a dense, Height: 15 feet. A round-headed, small, haw­ tree. Height: 60 to 75 feet. A good tree for large thorny hedge. Zone 5. Ec [51] thornlike tree with white flowers, early June. areas but slow-growing. Leaves are bipinnately Has blue-black fruit. One of the best vibur­ compound; brown seed pods are 5 to 10 inches 169. Pyrus pyrifolia. Chinese sand pear. nums for the North. Zone 3. De,Ec,M long. Zone 3 to 8. F,L Height: 40 feet. Pyramidal-round ornamental pear tree that flowers profusely in spring 176. Vitex agnus-castus. Chaste tree. 163. Koelreuteria paniculata. Golden-rain creating white cloudlike effect. Small, simple Height: 10 feet. Deciduous shrub with masses tree. Height: 40 feet. Dense, rounded outline leaves; small, brown, hard fruits. Zone 5. Eb of lilac flowers in late summer. Fast growing. with yellow flowers that bloom in early sum- to Ec [48] Zone 6. Ec or 0 [10]

A May be sown indoors in flats. B May be sown outdoors where they are to grow. C Sow indoors into peat pots to 177. Beet 'Early Wonder'. Smooth skin and 183. Caulit1.ower 'White Empress'. Performs minimize transplant shock. semi-globe shape; about 2l!2 to 3 inches in well in summer but lacks fall frost resistance. Da Warm stratification of 2 months. diameter. Used for table, canning, and pick­ Medium-sized head. Matures in 61 days. Db Warm stratification of 3 months. ling. Matures in 55 days. B,L [8] Dc Warm stratification of 4 months. 184. CeItuce. Combines the uses of celery and Dd Warm stratification of 5 months. 178. Broccoli 'Cape Queen'. Produces heavy lettuce. Leaves are used for salad or boiled. De Warm stratification of 6 months. center head followed by many side shoots. Heart of stem tastes like celery and can be Ea Cold stratification of 30 days. Matures in 64 days. eaten raw or boiled. Grows like lettuce. Ma­ Eb Cold stratification of 60 days. tures in 75 days for foliage harvest; 90 days Ec Cold stratification of 90 days. 179. Cabbage 'Danish Ballhead'. Keeps for stalk harvest. B,L [8] Ed Cold stratification of 120 days. well in storage. Matures in 100 days. F Scarification. 185. Chicory. A perennial vegetable, the G Hot-water soak. 180. Carrots. Baby and mini. Roots are small, foliage has a sweet, tangy taste, excellent for H Light recommended for germination. deep orange to red, and ball-shaped. Tender salads. It forms tight heads that are cabbage­ I Dark recommended for germination. and sweet-tasting. Matures in 68 days. B,L like in appearance. Zone 5. B,L [3] J Cool temperature required for germination (55' to 60' F). 181. Cauliflower'Stovepipe'. Performs well 186. Endive, French curly 'Elodie'. Foliage K Warm temperature required for in summer but has no fall frost resistance. is grown and eaten like lettuce or used to germination (80' F). Matures in 47 days. garnish dishes. A cool-weather plant usually L Easy to germinate. grown in late summer to winter. This par­ M Difficult to germinate. 182. Cauliflower 'Tropical Pride'. Matures ticular variety is more heat-resistant. 70 days. N No reliable germination information. in 52 days. [52] o Sow in fall.

AHS 1990 Seed Program Catalog + 9 187. Kale 'Red Russian'. Can be used as Great for salads. B,L [52) reach only 3 to 4 inches in diameter. Is both ornamental or as vegetable. Foliage resembles ornamental and has a sweet flavor. Matures a large oak leaf; turns red in winter. Very 191. Pak choi 'Hon Tsai Tai'. A yellow­ in 85 days. B,L [52) hardy. 55 days. [43) flowering type of pak choi. Harvest purple stalks; eat fried or boiled. A cool weather 194. Tomato 'Coldset'. Performs well in cool, 188. Lettuce 'Rouge d'ttires'. Red romaine plant. 50 days. [22) early spring weather. Bushy, compact plant lettuce with large, broad leaves. Use for with fruit weighing six ounces. Matures in 70 salads, sandwiches, or garnish. 60 days. [52) 192. Pak choi 'Lei Choi'. Chinese cabbage. days. This Chinese member of the cabbage family 189. Lettuce 'Royal Oak Leaf'. Heat­ has crispy, thick stalks and dark green top 195. Turnip 'Milan Red Top'. Matures in 35 tolerant, long-standing lettuce with large, leaves. Stir-fry or use in Oriental dishes. 45 days. oak-shaped, dark green leaves. 50 days. [8) days. [52) 196. Watermelon 'Early Kansas'. Round 190. Mustard 'Red Salad'. Deep red leaves. 193. Pumpkin 'Mini Munchkin'. Miniature with a striped rind and fine textured flesh. Flavor is like Dijon mustard. Cool season crop. version of old-fashioned pumpkins, these Weighs 30 pounds. Matures in 80 days.

197. Anise basil. Ocimum basilicum. An­ 203. Egyptian fennel. Foeniculum spp. 211. Perilla. Perilla frutescens. (Purple­ nual. Used in Thai and Cambodian cuisine Height: 4 feet. Semi-hardy perennial; often cul­ leafform) Annual. Fresh leaves used to flavor and in Italian dishes. Vigorous plant with tivated as an annual. Grown for its stems, leaves, pickles and cucumbers. Attractive red-purple rose-colored flowers. A,B,L [52) and seeds. July through October. A,L plant that vigorously self-seeds. Used in Oriental cooking. A,B,L [10) 198. Anise hyssop. Agastache foeniculum. 204. Florence fennel (finocchio). Height: 3 feet. A member of the mint family, Foeniculum vulgare var. dulce. A peren­ 212. Sweet marjoram. Origanum this perennial herb has spikes of blue flowers nial grown as an annual. Height: 3 to 4 feet. majorana. Annual. Height: 2 feet. Has and leaves that smell of aniseed. Dried leaves Leaves have anise flavor. Used for seasoning, minute white-pink flowers that bloom in mid­ are used in seasonings, potpourri, and tea. salads, eggs, fish, and sauces. Stems can be summer. Foliage can be used as a milder al­ Zone 4. A,B,L [10) cooked and eaten as a vegetable. A,L [8) ternative to oregano fqr meats and Italian dishes and as a headache cure. B,L [3) 199. Catnip. Nepeta cataria. Height: 3 feet. 205. Garlic chives. Allium tuberosum. Flowers are white to purple, small but borne Height: 11J2 feet. Fragrant, globose umbels of 213. Tansy. Tanacetum vulgare. Her­ on spikes 5 inches long. Blooms July to Sep­ small, white, starlike flowers. Mild garlicky baceous perennial. Height: 3 feet. Flowers are tember. Cats love the fragrance of the leaves. taste, perfect for omelets, salads, and Oriental yellow and buttonlike. Foliage is strongly A true mint, this plant can become invasive. cuisine. Zone 4. A,B,L [10) scented and finely divided giving a lacy ap­ Zone 3. L [3) pearance. Zone 3. A,B,L [3) 206. Hyssop. Hyssopus officinalis. Height: 11,-2 to 2 feet. Flowers are 1,-2 inch long and Save this catalog! deep, blue-violet. The dried flowering tops and leaves are used in herbal medicines. Does well A May be sown indoors in flats. Seed packets are marked by catalog in dry, rocky soil. Zone 4 to 5. A,B,L [25) B May be sown outdoors where number only, so it will be your only means they are to grow. of identifying the seeds you have selected. 207. Italian parsley.Petroselinum crispum C Sow indoors into peat pots to var. neapolitanum. Biennial. Leaves are minimize transplant shock. flat. Most flavorful of all parsleys. Leaves are Da Warm stratification of 2 months. 200. Chervil. Anthriscus cerefolium. used as garnish and for seasoning soups and Db Warm stratification of 3 months. Height: 18 inches. Leaves have an anise­ other dishes. B,G,I,L [3) Dc Warm stratification of 4 months. parsley flavor and are used for flavoring Dd Warm stratification of 5 months. soups, fish, meats, or salads. An annual mem­ 208. Kablouna calendula. Annual. Height: De Warm stratification of 6 months. ber of the carrot family. Excellent as a pot 20 inches. Edible gold and orange flowers add Ea Cold stratification of 30 days. plant or indoor herb plant. A,B,L color and flavor to egg and cheese dishes and Eb Cold stratification of 60 days. salads, saffronlike flavor to rice dishes. Ec Cold stratification of 90 days. 201. Coriander. Coriandrum sativum. Prefers cool temperatures. Will bloom through Ed Cold stratification of 120 days. Height: 1 to 3 feet. Annual member of the fall. A,B,I,L [52) F Scarification. carrot family. Delicate plant with lacy foliage. G Hot-water soak. Seeds (coriander) are used for baking and 209. Licorice basil. Ocimum spp. Height: 2 H Light recommended for germination. I Dark recommended for germination. flavoring; foliage (cilantro or Chinese parsley) to 3 feet. Annual basil with licorice flavor. is used for Oriental and Mexican cooking. Light purple flower spikes. A,B,L [8,10) J Cool temperature required for A,B,L [10) germination (55' to 60' F). 210. Perilla.Periliafrutescens. (Green-leaf K Warm temperature required for germination (80' F), 202. Dill. Anethum graveolens. Height: 3 to form) Annual. Attractive, crinkled, lime green L Easy to germinate. 4 feet. Annual, reseeds. A tall plant with leaves. Flavor is different than the purple feathery foliage. Used as flavoring for pick­ perilla, with a heavy, sweet aftertaste. Used M Difficult to germinate. N No reliable germination information. ling, potato salads, and meat dishes. B,L [3,31) in Oriental cooking. A,B,L [10) o Sow in fall.

10 • ARS 1990 Seed Program Catalog The plants listed below can be grown outside funnel-shaped flowers. Yellow to orange-red only in Zone 10 unless otherwise noted. fruits. A,H,K (after germination, increase light and keep soil dryer than usual) [18] Some Good Books 214. Calliandra eriophylla. Fairy-duster. Height: 1 J,12 feet. Woody shrub. Flowers are 221. Mammillaria louisae. Cactus. Very If you feel in need of guidance in starting reddish purple, pubescent. Fruit is densely small, flat to the ground with big pink flowers. your seed, the AHS Book Program offers pubescent. L [25] Summer. Susceptible to water rot; requires two useful publications. The New Seed­ gritty soil. Zone 9. A,H,K,L (after germina­ Starters Handbook by Nancy Bubel is a 215. Cereus eriophorus pfeiffer var. tion, increase light and keep soil dryer than thorough, basic how-to that addresses fragrans. Long-stemmed cactus with deep usual) [36] such diverse topics as soil preparation, ridges and short spines. Funnel-shaped using seaweed extract, cold frames, help­ flowers bloom at night. A,H,K (after germina­ 222. Mammillaria morricalli. Cactus. ing children garden, and saving, storing, tion, increase light and keep soil dryer than Globose plant, 2 inch diameter with hooked and finding seed. Written from the usual) [18] spines. Coppery orange flowers. Early sum­ standpoint of an organic vegetable gar­ mer. Zone 5. A,H,K,L (after germination, in­ dener, it includes information on starting 216. Clitoriaternatea. Butterfly-pea. Loose­ crease light and keep soil dryer than usual) seed of 200 plants, including trees and ly twining vine with bright blue flowers and [36] wildflowers. Publisher's price, hard­ light blue and yellow markings. Fruits are cover: $14.95. AHS member price: $12.50. pods, 4 1r2 inches long. L [24] 223. Massonia pustulata. South African Park's Success With Seeds by Ann bulb. Stemless inflorescence, nestled within Reilly is recommended by members and 217. Coryphantha obscura. Cactus. Round, leaves on the ground. Flowers are a rounded AHS horticulturist Donna Matthews. 4-inch diameter with spirals of tubercules mass of erect, off-white stamens. Blooms mid­ Shorter on general information, its about % inch long. Heavy, thick spines, 3/4 to late winter. Sow seeds in late summer, strength is a 150-page encyclopedia on inch long. Yellow flower, early summer. Zone barely covering seeds. Will flower in ap­ individual plants with color photos of 7. A,H,K,L (after germination, increase light proximately three years. [11] seedlings: especially useful if you lose a and keep soil dryer than usual) [36] label or have doubts about yanking up a 224. Mimosa pudica. Sensitive plant. volunteer. Publisher's price, hardcover: 218. Echinocereus chloranthus. Cactus. Height: 18 inches. Leaflets fold when touched. $14.95. AHS member price: $12.50. See Small, barrel-type cactus with ribs and a close Flowers resemble small pinkish purple puffs. page 13 of the News Edition to order. covering of fine spines, J,l4 inch long. Green­ Should not be confused with Albiziajulibris­ brown flowers, 1 inch, in early spring. Zone 6. sin, commonly called the mimosa, which is A,H,K,L (after germination, increase light and abundant and hardy throughout the Southern 227. Solanum seaforthianum. Brazilian keep soil dryer than usual) [36] United States. Can be grown as a summer nightshade. Height: 10 feet. Tropical vine. annual. Does not do well as a houseplant. Blue-purple flowers in large clusters, starlike. 219. Echinocereus fasciculatus. Cactus. Requires evenly moist soil, diffused light. L [3] Fruit are small, bright red. Zone 10. [32] Forms clumps up to 18 inches across. Flowers are magenta. A,H,K,L (after germination, in­ 225. Opuntia imbricata. Walkingstick chol­ 228. Solanum seaforthianum var. alba. crease light and keep soil dryer than usual) [3] la or chain-link cactus. Height: 10 feet. Brazilian nightshade. A white-flowering form Treelike cactus with 2 inch long, purple of the above. [32] 220. Harrisia brookii. Brook's dildo. Thin, flowers. Yellow, 1J,12 inch long fruit. Zone 4. long-stemmed cactus with night-blooming, A,H ,K,L (after germination, increase light and 229. Thelocactus bicolor var. bolansis. keep soil dryer than usual) [3] Cactus. Height: 1 foot and 4 inches in diameter. Wide and rounded ribs; red-yellow 226. Passifloraedulis. Passion flower. Climb­ spines about 1 inch long. Large magenta Free Advice!! ing habit Flowers are white with white and flowers with light-colored eyes. Summer. Zone purple crown. Edible fruit is 3 inches long. N [3] 7. A,H,K,L (after germination, increase light Have questions about seeds, sources, and keep soil dryer than usual) [36] fungus, or fertilizer? We'd like to help you solve your gardening problems. Write to us here at River Farm or take advantage of our toll-free number to call Gardener'S Information Service.

230. Annona cherimola. Custard apple. 232. Cassia spectabilis. Height: 40 to 50 1 (800) 177-7931 Height: 25 feet. Flowers are small, fragrant, feet. Flowers are 11r2 inches across and bright and yellow-brown. Fruit is globose to heart­ yellow. N shaped, light green, and about 5 inches long. This is a free service----one of your AHS Fruit is edible, produced in the summer, and 233. Erythrina variegata. Coral tree. membership benefits! We have an exten­ used for dessert dishes. N [11] Height: 30 to 60 feet. Red flowers in mid­ sive reference library, plus staff horticul­ winter, early spring. Requires rich soil. Allow turists who can answer questions about 231. Camptotheca acuminata. Height: 75 to dry between waterings. Takes 2 months to plant care or help you find sources for feet. A deciduous tree, fast growing, and a good germinate. G [51] gardening tools, plants, and accessories. shade tree. Leaves are 6 inches long with attractive blooms. L

AHS 1990 Seed Program Catalog + 11 We are grateful to the following individuals, 19. Elise Felton, Evanston, IL 42. Parsley's Cape Seeds, businesses, and organizations whose dona­ 20. F. J. Feraco, Villas, NJ Somerset West, South Africa tions of seed made this year's program possible: 21. Mr. and Mrs. Paul Ferster, 43. Peace Seeds, Corvallis, OR New Haven, CT 44. Bonnie Peckat, Hyattsville, MD 1. Abundant Life Seed Foundation, 22. Connie Hendren Fitz, Woodstock, VT 45. Alice M. Pierce, Falmouth, MA Port Townsend, WA 23. Frosty Hollow Nursery, Langley, WA 46. James Randall, Saint Albans, NY 2. John Adkins, Aroda, VA 24. Molly Hackett, Victor, MT 47. Mrs. Peter Sacksen, Lunenburg, MA 3. Applewood Seed Company, 25. Vincent and Evelyn Helm, 48. F. W. Schumacher Co., Inc., Golden, CO Sun City, AZ Sandwich,MA 4. Arnold Arboretum, 26. Carolyn Hill, Alhambra, CA 49. Seed Source, Tuckasegee, NC Jamaica Plain, MA 27. Molly A. Hudson, Mendham, NJ 50. Vincentine Sette, Midbrook, NY 5. Christine Baer, Belmont, MI 28. B. Charles Jenkins, Salinas, CA 51. James Sharpe, Lexington, SC 6. Olin M. and Mary L. Barnes, 29. J. Kammerer, Guilford, CT 52. Shepherd's Garden Seeds, Felton, CT Corvallis, OR 30. Mrs. Joseph J. Kramp, Baltimore, MD 53. James Snyder, Loveland, OH 7. Jean Beaudry, Bethesda, MD 31. R. D. Laidlaw, Bedminster, NJ 54. Marion Treiber, Akron, OH 8. W. Atlee Burpee Co., Warminster, PA 32. W. D. Lee, Magnolia, TX 55. Mary Ruth Unger, Anaconda, MT 9. Mollie Caplan, Potomac, MD 33. V. T. Mendelson, Columbia, MD 56. University of Virginia, 10. Companion Plants, Athens, OH 34. George E. Mendenhall, Ann Arbor, MI Charlottesville, VA 11. Leonard Corbett·Grant, Napa, CA 35. Mrs. Lee Meneice, Pebble Beach, CA 57. Vermont Wildflower Farm, 12. Beverly A. Corey, Westminster, MD 36. Mesa Garden, Belen, NM Charlotte, VT 13. Mrs. Howard A. Crosby, Carmel, ME 37. Mildred V. Metz, South Dennis, MA 58. Tom Vogelsang, Sunman, IN 14. Irene Davis, Gig Harbor, WA 38. Mrs. Samuel Miller, Abingdon, VA 59. Elizabeth Vos, McLean, VA

15. F. A. Dominik, Bayonne, NJ 39. Native Seed Foundation, 60. Keith WilliamsJ Cedaredge, CO 16. Robert Duller, Milwaukee, WI Moyie Springs, ID 61. Yvonne V. Wilson, Troy, MI 17. Environmental Seed Producers, 40. North Carolina Botanic Garden, 62. Ella May Wulff, North Windham, CT EI Monte, CA Chapel Hill, NC 63. Joy H. Yarnell, Upton, ME 18. Fairfield Tropical Garden, Miami, FL 41. Northern Nurseries, Bloomington, MN

The American Horticultural Society Seed Distribution Service • List your selections by number only. List Your Selections By Number Only • Attach the mailing label from your copy of the News Edition or fill Please send me the following "first preference" seed packets: in your name, address, and member code number. Your member code number is located at the top right hand corner of the mailing label on 1. 5. 9. 13. ____ the back of this issue. It is a 15-digit number that begins with your Zip 2. 6. 10. 14. code, followed by the first 5 letters of your last name. This number will help us quickly locate the preprinted mailing label waiting for your 3. 7. 11. 15. order in our seed room so we can fill your order promptly. 4. 8. 12. • To help us speed the handling of your order, please use a separate sheet of paper for letters or other correspondence you wish to include o Please send me the supplemental list. with your order. These are my alternate selections: • Save your catalog to identify the seeds you have selected. 16. 18. 20. 22. • Please peel off the address label from the back cover and apply below. We need the label even if incorrect in order to speed your order. If your 17. 19. 21. 23. address is incorrect please provide the correct information. o Please send me 10 selections. I enclose my $2 voluntary contribution AHS Member Code Number* ______to help defray postage and handling costs. (In case the supplies of some your selections have been depleted, please list alternate selections on Name the blanks provided.) Address o Please send me all 15 selections. I enclose my $3 donation. (In case City the supplies of some your selections have been depleted, please list alternate selections on the blanks provided.) State Zip You can help to continue to expand and improve our Seed Program if *(The 15-digit number located at the top right hand corner of the you contribute more. Contributions to the American Horticultural mailing label on the back of this brochure.) Society are tax-deductible. Please write separate checks for the Seed Program, book orders, and other transactions.

MAIL THIS FORM TO: SEEDS 1990, American Horticultural Society, 7931 East Boulevard Drive, Alexandria, VA 22308

12 • AHS 1990 Seed Program Catalog _ : ~ l- ~ 'rd , ' , 'yl' Q&A .'I, G a~ , en, e .r ~.. ~ ,-.1 . • ' I ,. , i' _---"~L "_

. This past fall my neighbor's . If all of your tubers were failing not getting larger, then it is probably Q • azalea bush bloomed again A• to increase in size, then I would just a cultivar characteristic. Some and a friend's lilac bush also say you are likely to have a fertilizer cultivars don't increase very much and rebloomed. Why are they blooming problem. Dahlias need potash and super­ some do. Your tubers might have been again in the fall and is it something phosphate in a 0-20-20 combination bred for beautiful flowers but not for to worry about? applied in spring as they are planted. But significant increases in tuber size. L. C., Alexandria, Virginia since only these particular cultivars are -Peggy Lytton

.. It is not uncommon for some A azaleas, lilacs, irises, and daylilies to bloom again in the fall in a reaction to springlike environmental conditions, In mid-summer, after these plants have bloomed for the first time, they set flower buds. In the fall we often get a cold spell followed by I ndian summer: warm, sunny days much like spring. The plant, fooled by cool weather followed by warm weather, reacts as ifit is spring and flowers again. Your friends should not worry; this is a natural reaction that does not harm the plant. Nor should you worry if your plants don't rebloom.

. I have a small pond on my Q • property that I would like to landscape. I am concerned that the edge of the pond might erode, so I would like to plant attractive yet stabilizing waterlovers that enjoy Lilypons Water Gardens full sun. Can you suggest any plants? M. K., Morgantown, Pennsylvania !Bt:gin you'!. watn gadt:n toda.;) with a _ij{ypom. catafogUt: ft:a tu~ing pagt: aftt:'1. pagt: of Gt:autifu! watt:'1. {i{it:i, {otUi, Gog . There are many water-loving p{anti, fiih, itatua"::J' and tht: t:Ht:ntiafi fo'1. kt:t:ping it aft wO'1.king A • plants suited for pond culture. tog t:tht:'1.. Foliage plants that will help prevent erosion when planted around the pond fio poo{? ChOOit: a {LGt:'1.g{aH 0'1. qxVC poo{ fwm tht: mG.tUj i iui bank include arrowheads, water arums, dwarf bamboos, thalias, rushes, iliown in tht: ../j{yponi catafogUt:. cattails, and horsetails. Flowering plants that will add color and a------beauty to your pond area include spider I 0 Please send the new Lilypons catalogue plus informa tiv€ lilies, water-loving irises, water cannas, I news letters with seasonal sales. E nclosed is 85.00. and the Longwood hybrid cannas. I California (30 ¢). Maryland (25 11) and Texas (3S Il) residents please add tax. I 0 Please rush my catalogue by flfs t class mail. Enclosed is 86.75. . I have been planting dahlias I Q • for several years now, but I o 1500 Amhort Road 0 1500 Lilypons Road o 1500 LilypOIlH Way have noticed something odd about I ~ Q B= 10 ~ Q B=l ~ P.O. Box 1130 some new red- and yellow­ I Lilypons. 1\1D 21717 Brookshire, TX 77423 -01 ~ TIlermal, CA 92274 flowering types. When I dug up the I (301) 874-5133 (7 13) 934-8525 tubers this past fall, I found that I they hadn't increased in size like I my other tubers. They are exactly I l\:a me Address the same size as when I planted I them in the spring. Why is this? D. T., Wallace, Michigan I C ity State Zip I_~ ____ ------~

American Horticulturist · January 1990 + 11 Modern Miniature Daffodils: Species and Hybrids :SrMON & 'SCHUSTEiSl Daffodil, rock garden, greenhouse, and I ~ GUIDE '~O _ ,:::J miniature plant enthusiasts will be delighted to learn of what is bound to ORCHIDS W"I> !~Q~"~ ... (",.. IO'>,,f n>

12. American Horticulturist· J anuary 1990 "Planting by the Moon's Phase" and "Planting by the Signs," Riotte explains TROPICAL HUMIDITY! when to plant and harvest vegetables, fruits, berries, edible flowers, herbs, • A Humid Climate Cor Healthier Plants sprouts, and nuts for the greatest taste • A Size Cor Every Greenhouse • ProCessional Quality, Dependable and yield. For the doubting Thomases Performance who would never be caught reading a • FuUy Assembled -- Easy to Install horoscope, there is nonetheless useful • Completely Automatic Operation information on organic gardening along • New, Improved Design with many plant and seed sources, Grow beautiful tropical plants, recipes---one for apricot ice cream sounds flowers, orchids with Standard especially delicious- and a comprehen­ Humidifier's uniform, fog-like sive bibliography. Riotte's entertaining vapor. Wall bracket, ceiling writing style is sure to capture the hung or free-standing interest of even the most skeptical. By models install quickly, Louise Riotte. Storey Communications, operate on house Inc., Pownal, Vermont, 1989. 224 pages. current and water Black and white drawings. Publisher's supply. price: softcover, $9.95. AHS member Dependable 24- price: $8.50. hour operation with newly improved automatic controls. Compact, directions are provided to most areas. lightweight, trouble­ TROLOGICAL An appendix contains a supplemental free. Write or call list (including addresses) of botanical with greenhouse GARDENING gardens and arboreta in 42 states and size for a free the District of Columbia, followed by a illustrated bro­ comprehensive index. By Richard M. chure, prices and Smith. John Wiley & Sons, New York, recommendation~. New York, 1989.267 pages. Black and STANDARD HUMIDIFIER white drawings. Publishers price: Division ofHumi-Temp, Inc. softcover, $12.95. AHS member price: 87 Tiogue Avenue, West Warwick, RI 02893 $11.00. Tele: (401) 823-1776 FAX: (401) 823-3111 - Mary Beth Wiesner

Book Order Form

Please send me the following books at the special AHS member prices. o LANDSCAPE PROBLEM I would like to order books. SOLVER ...... $19.95 ROD667 Wild Plants of America 0 MODERN MINIATURE 0 Enclosed is my check for $ DAFFODILS ..... $29.75 Nature walks were an important part of TIM668 0 Charge to: o Visa MasterCard Exp. Date ___ my childhood- I still remember the thrill 0 GUIDE TO ORCHIDS $11.85 o of finding an ''unknown" wildflower and SIM669 o ASTROLOGICAL Acct. # searching through the guidebook to GARDENING ... . $8.50 ...... Signature discover its name. Those who have had GAR670 simiiar experiences will enjoy Wild 0 WILD PLANTS OF Plants ofAmerica. Subtitled "A Select AMERICA ...... $11.00 Ship to JWI671 Guide for the Naturalist and Traveler," 0 SEED STARTERS Street the book is not intended to be a field HANDBOOK . . . $12.50 City guide but rather a handbook of natural ROD676 areas in the United States. Organized by 0 PARK'S SUCCESS WITH State Zip ___ geographic regions, it describes SEEDS • ....• •• ... $12.50 Daytime phone number PAR677 wildflowers, trees, shrubs, herbs, ferns, and plants to be found along trails, in Please add $2.50 per book for postage and handling. Virginia residents add natural areas, and in national and state 4:ih% sales tax. Please allow six weeks for delivery. Prices are subject to parks. Smith has personally recorded change without notice. most of the plants listed. The book will be helpful for vacationers and armchair MAIL TO: AHS Books, 7931 East Boulevard Drive, Alexandria, VA 22308. plant explorers-fm dreaming oftrips to A list of all the books offered at a discount to AHS members is currently the White Mountains of New Hampshire available. The list, which contains an order form, orginally appeared in the in search of the Lapland rosebay and to September issue. To receive your copy send a self-addressed, stamped The Ridges Sanctuary in Wisconsin for a envelope to: Book List, AHS, 7931 East Boulevard Drive, Alexandria, VA glimpse of fringed polygala. General 22308.

American Horticulturist· January 1990 • 13 1990 Flower Shows

• Feb. 14-18. Atlanta Flower Show. Atlanta Apparel Mart, Atlanta, GA. (404) 876·5859. • Jan. 4. Lecture and Slide Show • Feb. 4·6. ASHS Southern Region • Feb. 16·18. Central Missouri on Succulents for Winter Color. Annual Meeting. Little Rock, Home Lawn and Garden Show. Arkansas. Information: Milo Burnham, San Marino, California. Information: Expo Center, 1·70, Columbia, MO. The Huntington, (818) 405-2141. Mississippi Cooperative Extension (314) 372·2277. Service, P.O. Box 5446, Mississippi • Jan. 6·Feb. 6. Victorian State, MS 39762, (601) 325-3935. • Mar. 2·11. New York Flower Gardens Exhibit. Museum of Botany Show. Pier 92, 52nd St. and 12th and the Arts, The Marie Selby Botanical • Feb. 16-18. Maymont Flower Ave., New York, NY. (212) 757-0915. Gardens, 811 South Palm Ave., Sarasota, and Garden Show. Richmond Center, • Mar. 7-11. Washington Flower Florida. Information: (813) 366-5730. Richmond, Virginia. Information: and Garden Show. Washington Maymont, 1700 Hampton St., Convention Center, New York Ave. • Through Jan. 7. Annual Poinset­ Richmond, VA 23220, (804) 358-7166. and 9th St., N.W., Washington, DC. tia Show. U.S. Botanic Garden, Maryland (703) 569-7141. Ave. and First St., SW., Washington, DC. • Feb. 16·19. Second Annual Information: (202) 225-7099. Northwest Flower and Garden Show. • Mar. 8-11. Metropolitan Convention Center, Seattle, Washington. Louisville Home-Garden and Flower • Jan. 8·Mar. 19. Extension Course Information: (206) 789-5333. Show. Kentucky Fair and Exposition on Lighting Design in Landscape Center, Louisville, KY. (502) 637-9737. Architecture. Ernest Cowell. UCLA • Feb. 24. Nineteenth Annual Long • Mar. lD-18. Indiana Flower and Campus, Room 2178, Bunche Hall, Los Island Tree Conference. Sponsored Patio Show. Indiana State Fairgrounds, Angeles, California. Information: by the Long Island Arboricultural IndianapoliS, IN. (317) 255-4151. UCLA Extension, (213) 825-9414. Association. Roosevelt Hall, State University of New York at Farmingdale. • Mar. 10-18. New England Flower • Jan. 9. Landscape and Nursery Information: LIAA, Box 69, Holtsville, Show. Bayside Exposition Center, Expo '90. Sacramento Community Con­ NY 11742, (516) 698-3366. Boston, MA. (617) 536-9280. vention Center, Sacramento, California. • Mar. 11-18. Philadelphia Flower Information: Ken Brizzi, (916) 455-2601. • Feb. 24·Mar. 4. 1990 Southern Show. The Philadelphia Civic Cen­ Spring Show. Charlotte Merchandise ter, 34th St. and Civic Center Blvd., • Jan. 12-14. Tenth Anniversary of Mart, 2500 E. Independence Blvd., Philadelphia, PA. (215) 625-8250. The Ecological Farming Conference. Charlotte, NC 28205. Information: Asilomar, California. Information: Otis (704) 376-6594. • Mar. 24-Apr. 1. Cincinnati Home Wollan or William Enoch, (916) 346-2777. and Garden Show. Cincinnati • Feb. 24·May 4. 1990 Longwood Convention Center, Cincinnati, OH. • Jan. 19·20. Plant Professional's Graduate Program Seminar Series (513) 825-1600. Symposium. Sandhills Community and Symposium. Longwood Gardens, • Mar. 24-Apr. 1. Portland Home College, Owens Auditorium. Kennett Square, Pennsylvania. and Garden Show. Multnomah Information: SCC, 2200 Airport Road, Information: Longwood Graduate County Exposition Center, Pinehurst, NC 28387, (919) 692-6185 Program, 153 Townsend Hall, Portland, OR. (503) 246-8291. or in NC (800) 338-3944. University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19717-1303, (302) 451-2517. • Apr. 6-8. Ann Arbor Flower and • Feb. 1. Lecture on Selecting Garden Show. University of Camellias. The Huntington, San • Feb. 28-Mar. 4. Toronto's Garden Michigan, Yost Field House, Ann Marino, California. Information: Club 1990 Flower Show. The Civic Arbor, MI. Information: Judith Catherine Babcock, (818) 405-2147. Garden Centre, 777 Lawrence Avenue Corkran Katch, Matthaei Botanical East, Don Mills, Ontario. Information: Gardens, 1800 Dixboro Road, Ann • Feb. 1·2. Alaska Greenhouse & The Garden Club of Toronto, 777 Arbor, MI48105, (313) 998-7343. Nursery Conference including the Lawrence Avenue East, Don Mills, • Apr. 25-29. San Francisco Polar Grower Trade Show. Soldotna, Ontario, Canada M3C 1P2, Garden Landscape Show. Piers Two Alaska. Information: Cathy Wright, (416) 447-5218. and Three, Fort Mason, Marina Blvd. Alaska Division of Agriculture, SR Box and Buchanan St., San Francisco, 7440, Palmer, AK 99645, (907) 745-4119. • Mar. 1, 3·4. Wildflower CA. (415) 221-1310. Photography Lecture & Workshop • Feb. 2·5. Knowledge for the '90s taught by John D. Smithers. The • May 22-25. Chelsea Flower Management Clinic. Sponsored by Desert Botanical Garden, Phoenix, Show. London, England. Informa­ The National Landscape Association, Arizona. Information: (602) 941-1225. tion: Royal Horticultural Society, 80 Garden Centers of America, and the Vincent Square, London SWl 2PE, Wholesale Nursery Growers of • Mar. 9·19. Fourth FLORISSIMO or call 01-834-4333. America. Galt House East Hotel, Trade Show. Pare des Expositions, • Aug. 18-26. Southland Home Louisville, Kentucky. Information: The Dijon, France. Information: Pare des . and Garden Show. Anaheim Management Clinic, 1250 I St., N.W., Expositions de Dijon, Boite Postale Convention Center, Anaheim, CA. Suite 500, Washington, DC 20005, 108,21003 Dijon, France, or call (714) 635-8330. (202) 789-2900. 80.71.44.34.

14. American Horticulturist • January 1990 44th Williamsburg GARDEN SYMPOSIUM April 1-4, 1990 The American Horticultural Society and the Colonial Williamsburg FOtmda­ tion invite you to corne to Williamsburg for the annual Garden Symposium, America's oldest and most prestigious gathering of garden enthusiasts. This will be a fabulous opportunity to explore what's old and what's new in America's gardens. An array of renowned speakers will discuss the theme, "Vintage Plants and Contem­ porary Gardens." The Garden Sym­ posium will entertain some of the newest ideas in American gardening, including the increasingly popular practice of using "old-fashioned" or "heritage" plants in today's gardens. Surprisingly, these an­ tique flower and vegetable cultivars are found in gardens everywhere. Through slide lectures, presenta­ tions, tours, exhibits, and clinics, prac­ tical ideas about updating gardens as well as innovative garden designs will be offered. In addition to the extensive group of speakers, there will be gardeners' clinics, special presenta­ tions, and an assortment of exhibitions and activities. "Garden Magic in the Magic City" is the theme for this year's featured city, Birmingham, Alabama. Virginia Bissell, Lula Rose Blackwell, insightful discussions with America's Speakers in order of appearance are: Beverley White Dunn: "Elegance in leading garden authorities. Rachel Snyder, garden writer and editor Flowers: Flower Arranging Birrning­ For a registration folder, please mail the emeritus, Flawer and Garden magazine: ham Style" coupon below to Symposium Registrar, "Long Vistas from the Garden Path" Henry Marc Cathey, director, U.S. Na­ Box C, Williamsburg, VA 23187, or call Elsa Bakalar, lecturer and garden tional Arboretum: "The New USDA 1-800-220-7255. 1 designer: "Old Fashioned Flowers for Plant Hardiness Map of North America" Modern Gardens" John C. Austin, senior curator and r- -, Frederick McGourty, author, nur­ curator of ceramics and glass, Colonial Williamsburg seryman, and garden designer: "A Williamsburg: "Did They Really Use Garden Symposium Modern Old-Fashioned Garden" These as Flowerpots? Eighteenth-Cen­ John Alex Floyd Jr., Southern Living tury Flower Containers" Symposium Registrar BoxC magazine: "Garden Magic in the Bonnie Lee Appleton, horticulturist, Williamsburg, VA 23187 Magic City-Birmingham" Cooperative Extension Service: "Making Rosalind Creasy, author, lecturer, Old Gardens New" (Please print) and designer of culinary gardens: David M. Lilly, retired chairman of Name "Heritage Vegetables and New the board, the Toro Company: "Wel­ American Cuisine" come Spaces: User Friendly Gardens Address William T. Flerner III, author, nur­ for Public Spaces" Ciry ______seryman, and horticulturist: "A New Corne to Williamsburg this spring Look at Old and New Trees" for a new look at America's rich gar­ State Zip ____ den heritage and an opportunity for L __

American Horticulturist · J anuary 1990 + 15 Interns Beautify Horticulture Guide Grounds, Gain Skills Update Underway

In 1989, AHS's River Farm head­ AHS is updating and expanding North quarters was fortunate to have three American Horticulture: A Reference outstanding interns and two part-time Guide, last published in 1982. The new student groundsworkers who helped directory is scheduled to be published the year-round staff make substantial by Macmillan in late 1990. improvements in the gardens and We urge readers to send us the names grounds. The interns gained practical and addresses of any organizations, knowledge about garden design, institutions, or public gardens that they development, and maintenance. think we might overlook. These can The summer interns were Deborah include local, state, and regional horticul­ Airhart, a student at the North tural organizations, including plant Carolina State Agricultural Institute in societies, trade associations, professional Raleigh; and Mark Llewellyn, a j associations, conservation organizations, graduate of Birmingham South who ~ educational programs, plant collections, hopes to pursue an advanced degree in *horticulture libraries and museums, and landscape architecture. :;g major flower shows. Another section will Helping part-time were Jane Beggs, a :2 encompass historical horticultural student in horticulture at Michigan State displays, zoological parks with plant University, who has already reserved her Catherine Gau collections, and natural history museums place as an intern for the summer of 1990; with horticultural and botanical exhibits. and Elizabeth Zaitzeff, a senior in high hearing how something is done and Compiling the information for the school who also worked in the River Farm actually getting out there and doing it. directory is Tom Barrett, who joined the gardens part-time in the summer of 1988. "Before I came here, I did not quite AHS staff to serve as assistant editor of Those here in the summer not only have a feel for outdoors maintenance. the guide. Barrett holds a bachelor's received hands-on horticultural training, Now I am comfortable with almost any degree from the University of Virginia but took educational field trips to such task. After I finish my education, I can and a master's degree from Georgetown places at the Washington Cathedral, the apply for employment with confidence--­ University. He has an avid interest in National Arboretum, the Gardens of the something I would not have been able to the environment and serves on the British Embassy, and the White House do without my hands-on experience at boards of several local recycling groups. gardens and grounds. River Farm. It has enriched my life and Send any information you would like Joining us this fall was Catherine reaffirmed my decision to become a true to see included in the new guide to Gau, a student at Murray State horticulturist." Tom Barrett, AHS, 7931 E. Boulevard University in Kentucky. In addition to Donna Matthews, AHS horticulturist, Drive, Alexandria, VA 22308. her work on the grounds, Gau has noted that the intern program is an helped out with the AHS Book Program, important aspect ofthe Society's and helped organize the annual Seed educational mission. In 1990, she Program, which was just getting into hopes to expand the program to four full swing when she arrived. full-time interns, to give them more Advice for Winter "Classroom knowledge is an essential opportunities for field trips, and to part of any education," says Gau, "but provide more formal on-site classes. Viewers of the St. Louis television there is a major difference between station KSDK in mid-November were able to receive free advice on caring for their plants this winter, Helping GROW Grow courtesy of the station and AHS. A flyer on winter plant care, AHS has recently teamed up with Garden Resources of Washington (GROW), a developed for the NBC-affiliate by the non-profit organization that, since 1982, has started and supported ten AHS Gardener's Infonnation Service, community gardens in Washington, D.C. was available to viewers who GROW provides a variety of services, including helping city residents find garden requested it during a week-long winter plots or start new gardens; assessing vacant land to determine its suitability for station project aimed at helping gardening; and helping city residents form committees to manage their gardens. residents prepare for cold weather. When needed, GROW also provides technical assistance, such as soil tests and soil AHS members can obtain the improvements, garden design, plowing, fencing, and gardening workshops. flyer by sending a stamped, AHS's involvement with GROW will include donating seeds to help the organization self-adressed envelope to Winter expand its efforts, and providing technical support through our educational outreach Care, AHS Gardener's Information program. GROW hopes to both expand its existing community gardens and to develop Service, 7931 E. Boulevard Drive, several new gardens, including a new senior citizens' garden, more gardens for Alexandria, VA 22308. residents of public housing, and a garden at a shelter for homeless families.

16. American Horticulturist • January 1990 rrlianl(you to our 1988-89 .f2Lnnuaf !Fund 'Donors! %ese generous supporters fiave fie[ped YI.JfS continue its wortfiwfii[e worf(in fiorticu[ture in 1989. * We Ire grateful to eacfi and everyone ofyou!

Mr. Kazuyuki Abe Mrs. Henry A. Dumper Mrs. D. D. Milligan Mr. Charles E. Sisung Ms. Anita Alic Mr. Lawrence H. Dunlop Mr. Raymond R. Mills Miss Arrietta H. Smith American Association of Mrs. H. B. du Pont Ms. Helen T. Molloy Mr. Gerald M. Smith Nurserymen Mrs. Nicholas R. du Pont Mrs. W. A. Moncrief Jr. Mrs. Howard H. Smith Mr. Matthew C. Anacker Dr. Mary S. Durham Ms. Patricia M. Moore Mrs. Lois B. Smith Ms. Roberta Anderson Mrs. Troy W. Earhart Mr. S. R. Mountsier Mr. Robert Smith Mr. David C. Antonison Mr. Robert L. Eddy Dr. Grover E. Murray Smoke Camp Crafts Ms. Catherine Ashcraft Ms. Julia B. Elving Mr. Frank Myers Mrs. Harry K. Spoo Mr. Allan E. Baker Mrs. R. L. Emery Jr. Mrs. Robert Myers Dr. and Mrs. George E. Mr. and Mrs. Charles Mr. Richard D. Erb Mrs. Richard P. Nash Staehle Baland Mrs. K. N. Espenak Ms. Virginia Newman Mrs. John Stephens Mr. and Mrs. G. Carl Ball Dr. Jared Falek Ms. Gloria Norwood Mrs. J. S. Stokes Mrs. John H. Barber Mr. Robert Faris Mr. James H. Inglis Mr. and Mrs. Richard Ober Mr. J. Franklin Stone Mrs. Russell W. Beal Mrs. Stephen M. Farrand Mrs. William C. Ireland Mrs. June E. O'Brien Ms. Mary Stradinger Mr. H. Hampten Bell Mr. and Mrs. W. J. Mrs. Stuart Jacobs Oehme, van Sweden & Mrs. T. A. Stroud Ms. Hildegard Bensheimer Farrington Mr. and Mrs. Lars E. Janson Associates Mrs. Henderson Supplee Jr. Mrs. Lucille K. Beving Mr. John P. Feather Col. William E. John Mr. Cesar Ortiz Mrs. Bettye J. Susami Dr. Dorothy A. Black Ms. Mildred Feinbloom Mrs. Ann L. Johnson Mr. Richard Osborne Mrs. Edward C. Sweeney Mrs. Robert L. Black Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Edward C. Mrs. J. R. Jude Mr. and Mrs. Robert T. Mrs. Wyllys Terry Miss Dorothy Blankenburg Fogg III Mr. Sid Kaplan Owen Mrs. Trevor Thomas Mrs. Mary K. A. Blount Mrs. Martin B. Foil Jr. Ms. Elizabeth Anne Keat Ms. Patricia Palau Mr. and Mrs. Dean Mrs. Elspeth G. Bobbs Mrs. Charles W. Folds Ms. Joy Keeling Ms. Cathy L. Palm Thompson Mr. Kent H. Borges Ms. Ruth Fowler Ms. Gabriela Keller Ms. Victoria W. Parlin Mr. and Mrs. Douglas H. Ms. Joyce Browning Ms. Felicia Freed Mrs. Carol Kellermann Ms. Beatrice A. Pask Thompson Ms. Barbara Ann Buehler Mr. Peter H. B. Mrs. Ray M. Kessler Ms. Christine W. Patton Mrs. Claude Threlkeld Mr. and Mrs. Walter Bull Frelinghuysen Mrs. William G. Killhour Mrs. Elise Payne Mrs. Martha Tischler Ms. Deanie Buono Mr. Paul J. Frisik Mr. Tom Kimball Mrs. John Penniman Dr. Paul W. Titman Mrs. Sonya L. Burgher Ms. Louise Fruehling Dr. Milan J. Kopac Mrs. Elizabeth Hood Phillips Mr. Z. Andrew Torok Mrs. Anna Burkett Mrs. John B. Gerlach Mr. Peter J. J. Kosiba Mr. Arthur H. Pilch Ms. Eileen M. Travis Dr. and Mrs. John A. Mrs. J. G. Gibson Mrs. Donald Krueger Dr. Robert A. Piper Mrs. Richard L. Turner Burkholder Mrs. Marjorie G. Gleim Mr. and Mrs. John Kuser Mrs. Eleanor D. Popper Ms. Cathy Umphrey Mr. Dudley Carlson Dr. Edward S. Godleski Ms. Kathryn W. Lamb Gen. Robert W. Porter Jr. Mrs. Robert Uniacke Ms. Juanita S. Carpenter Mrs. Norman H. Golding Mr. and Mrs. Jack Mrs. Ralph C. Powell Mr. Ted Wahlen Dr. William B. Chamberlin Jr. Mrs. Aurelio Gonzalez Lancaster Mrs. David Y. Proctor Jr. Mr. Robert S. Waldo Ms. Virginia Chalmers Mr. Charles Goodwin Mrs. Vivien H. Larson Mr. Stephen J. Purtell Mr. R. R. Waller Mr. and Mrs. R. W. Chambers Dr. and Mrs. David G. Mr. and Mrs. Gordon Mr. Francis M. Mr. and Mrs. Edward J. Mr. and Mrs. Harold E. Green Ledbetter Rackemann Jr. Ward Christensen Mrs. G. P. Greenhalgh Mrs. Henry Leeb Miss Barbara Ramming Mrs. Ralph M. Watkins Mr. David E. Clark Mr. Patrick Growney Mr. Joel D. Lindh Mrs. Suzanne Reed Mrs. Douglas Watson Mrs. Richard A. Cochran Mrs. Doris M. Guest Dr. Samuel C. Litzenberger Mr. Daryl Reinke Mrs. William Weedon Ms. Brenda K. Colasanti Mrs. Roy A. Haberstock Miss Carol Loucks Ms. Barbara A. Richmond Ms. Ellen Weiss Dr. Marit V. Colfer Mr. and Mrs. Ernest A. Mrs. Bruce Loughry Mr. Harry A. Rissetto Mrs. J. C. Whetzel Mr. James D. Corbett Hamill Ms. Jeannette Lowe Ms. Jane Gent Robertson Mrs. H. White Mrs. Erastus Corning II Mr. C. Beati Hanna Mr. Joseph T. Maier Mr. and Mrs. Lake Mrs. J. K. Whitney Mrs. Richard S. Cowan Mr. Graham O. Harrison Mrs. Mary Maran Robertson Mr. John H. Whitworth Jr. Mrs. Anne G. Crane Mr. Ryo Hashima Mr. Ralph Marek Mr. Richard A. Rogers Mrs. Claudia Wiley Mr. William B. Crenshaw Mrs. E. Phillips Hathaway Mrs. Walter A. Marting Mrs. M. Romano Mr.,.-pnd Mrs. David C. Mrs. Thomas Creswell Ms. Margaret Headley Mr. William H. Mathers Mrs. Donald P. Ross Williams Miss Irene Crosby Mr. Ralph L. Henry Ms. Ruth Mathews Mrs. Verna Ruedel Mr. Silas Williams Jr. Mr. Oren C. Crothers Mr. Nicholas A. Herceg Mr. W. G. Matton Jr. Ms. Doris A. Rupe Mrs. Burke Williamson Mrs. John L. Dampeer Mrs. Henry Hitchcock Mr. and Mrs. John R. Ms. Donna Valley Russell Mr. Lloyd L. Willis Mrs. Burton K. Davis Mrs. Judie Hogan Mayor Mr. Charles Ryan Mrs. Helen Van Pelt Wilson Mr. Keith G. Davis Mr. Lynell G. Hood Dr. and Mrs. Hunter Ms. Audrey Sabol Ms. Joan K. Wilson Mr. Richard Davis Mrs. William D. Horne McClung Mr. Ernest J. Schultz III Mrs. Isabel Sellers Mr. James L. Dawes Mr. John C. Howland Mr. John W. McCormack Mrs. August H. Schilling Womble Ms. Rita Dawson Ms. Marilyn J. Huheey Mr. George Cole S. McCray Mr. and Mrs. Richard P. Ms. Ruth L. Woodford Mrs. I. H. Deitrick Mrs. David S. Hume Ms. Louise McLott Schissler Mrs. Ethel D. Woodward Ms . Patricia A. Detor Mr. James B. Hume Mr. and Mrs. James E. Mr. and Mrs. Frank C. Mrs. Joe H. Woody Mrs. Pamela De Vaux Mr. AI H. Huntington Meek Schroeder Jr. Mr. Ernest W. Woolard Mrs. Alfred J. Dickinson III Ms. Cheryl Hutchins Mr. and Mrs. William M. Miss Sara Scott Ms. Lois W. Wright Ms. Martha Donnelly Dr. and Mrs. Wiley C. Mein Mr. Winfield Shiras Mrs. Charlotte S. Wyman Mrs. George Doolittle Hutchins Mrs. Thomas W. Merritt Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Earl E. Yates Garden Club Ms. Sheila L. Dougan Mr. Lewis J. Hutchinson Mr. and Mrs. Joseph S. Shouse Mrs. John R. Young Mr. and Mrs. James C. Mr. and Mrs. Richard J. Michalek Dr. and Mrs. Alfred J. Dr. J. W. Zebley Jr. Dudley Hutton Mrs. Henry C. L. Miller Shulman Mr. John L. Due Mrs. Charles H. Hyde Mrs. Pendleton Miller Mrs. Kathryn C. Simons * As of October 15, 1989.

American Horticulturist · January 1990 • 17 Travel/Study Trips for the AHS Gardener Classified Ad Rates: $1 per word; CAROL DIDRICK'S LI'ITLE RED BOOK ON minimum $20 per insertion. 10 percent OLD GARDEN ROSES. Where to get them and discount for three consecutive ads using where to plant them. An introduction to OLD January 21-28, 1990 same copy, provided each insertion GARDEN ROSES. Each book signed and num­ Gardens of the Caribbean meets the $20 minimum after taking bered. Send $14.95 post paid. CAROLDIDRICK, discount. Copy must be received on the 1535 Willard Dr., Orrville, OH 44667. *Please Windward Islands first day of the month two months prior to add $2 for out of country mailing. Explore tropical orchid collections, publication date. Send orders to : FINE BOOKS: Out-of-print, antiquarian­ magnificent rain forests, historical sugar American Horticultural Society bought and sold. Landscaping, design, history, plantations, sparkling beaches, beautiful Advertising Department, 80 South Early horticulture. Catalog 891: $2. QUEST RARE Caribbean homes, and Jean-Philippe BOOKS, 774 Santa Ynez, Stanford, CA 94305. Thoze's Balata Gardens in Martinque. Street, Alexandria, VA 22304. Or call Program coordinators are AHS (703) 823-6966. BOTANICAL CRAFTS President Carolyn Marsh Lindsay, Bob PRESSED FLOWERS and Potpourri avail­ Lindsay, and AHS board member AFRICAN VIOLETS able for your botanical crafts. Call or write Andre Viette.· today: BLOSSOMS & BEVELS, 6326 Corinth America's Finest-177 best violets and ges­ Rd., Longmont, CO 80501. (303) 772-5818. neriads. Color Catalog and Growing "Tips" March 28-April8, 1990 $.50. FISCHER GREENHOUSES, Box H , BROMELIADS Botanical Paradise of Costa Rica Linwood, NJ 08221. TILLANDSIAS-EASY TO GROW WITH­ Stops include the National Museum of THE AVANT GARDENER OUT SOIL! Large selection available on our Costa Rica; Claude Hope's Linda Vista; retail and wholesale lists. HOLLADAY Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, FOR THE GARDENER WHO WANTS TO JUNGLE, Dept. B, P.O. Box 5727, Fresno, CA where you can see a volcano and rare, GET MORE OUT OF GARDENING! Sub­ 93755. (209) 229-9858. exotic birds; and Corcovado National scribe to THE AVANT GARDENER, Park. Program coordinator is Atlanta America's most useful gardening publication. BULBS Botanical Garden's Ann L. Crammond.· Every month this unique news service brings Bulbous Plant Journal, HERBERTIA and you the most practical information on new Quarterly Newsletter. Color-filled articles on April 21-May 6, 1990 plants, products, techniques, with sources, bulbs, corms and tubers of Amaryllidaceae features, special issues. 22nd year. Awarded and related families. $20/yr. APLS-AH, P .O. Belgium and Holland Garden Club of America and Massachusetts Box 985, National City, CA 92050-0241. This repeat of an exciting 1985 tour Horticultural Society medals. Curious? will include the Floralies in Ghent, Sample copy $1. Serious? $12 full year (reg. BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES Belgium, and barge trips along canals in $18). THE AVANT GARDENER, Box 489M, Let the government finance your new or exist­ Holland. Conard-Pyle's Richard New York, NY 10028. ing small business. Grantslloans to $500,000 Hutton will guide the tour" BEEKEEPING SUPPLIES yearly. Free recorded message: (7 07) 449- 8600. (LF5). ASSURE GARDEN PRODUCTIVITY and in­ June 23-July 3, 1990 crease wildlife through BEEKEEPING. Free LANDSCAPE CONSTRUCTION & DESIGN Natural Gardens of Alaska Catalog. BRUSHY MOUNTAIN BEE FARM, COMPANY FOR SALE. Well established Cruise aboard the Yorktown Clipper in Rt. 1, Dept. 36, Moravian Falls, NC 28654- landscape construction and design company search of natural wonders including 9988. located in Central Maine. Excellent reputa­ tion for "quality" work, with an established wildlife, spruce forests, and fields of BONSAI lupines. See, up close, Tracy Arm, customer base. Revenue approximately Glacier Bay, and Le Conte Bay as you BONSAI TREES, pottery, books, tools, trays, $520K annually. Purchase price $260K plus cruise along the sheltered inside passage supplies, and soils. Catalog $2.50. BONSAI receivables. Call ANANIA STRAND & AS­ of Alaska. Then enjoy a post-cruise stay CREATIONS, P.O. Bex 751IAH, Ft. Lauderdale, SOCIATES, 1-207-871-1861. in Vancouver to visit Nitobe Japanese FL33338. CACTI AND SUCCULENTS Gardens, VanDusen Botanical Garden, BONSAI, dwarfed conifers, pines, maples, HUNDREDS OF "WEIRD"-"EXOTIC"­ and the famed Butchart Gardens on tropicals, stock, and cuttings. Catalog $2. Vancouver Island. Program "UNUSUAL" forms to choose from ... Current MATSU-MOMIJI NURSERIES, P.O. Box catalog ... $2 (Refundable). K & L CAC­ coordinators are AHS President Carolyn 11414, Philadelphia, PA 19111. (215) 722-6286. Marsh Lindsay and Bob Lindsay .. TUS/SUCCULENT NURSERY, 12712 Stock­ BOOKS ton Blvd., Galt, CA 95632. September 12-23, 1990 1985 Edition EXOTICA 4, with 16,300 photos, CARDINAL FLOWER 405 in color, 2,600 pages in 2 volumes, with HARDY PERENNIAL LOBELIA: Exclusive Castles and Gardens of Scotland Addenda of 1,000 Updates, by Dr. AB. Graf, See Culzen Park Castle and Crarae cardinal flower hybrids, variants. Send $187. TROPICA 3, revised 1986, 7,000 color stamped envelope for world's most extensive Woodland Gardens in Argyll; the Clan photos, now 1,156 pages, $125. Exotic House Donald Center Woodland Gardens on listing-sensational whites, pinks, purple, Plants, 1,200 photos, $8.95. Circulars gladly sent. garnet, fuchsia-plus rare ferns, landscape the Isle of Skye; and the highland ROEHRS, Box 125, E. Rutherford, NJ 07073. gardens at Inverness and Edinburgh. treasures. WILDWOOD, Rt. 3, Box 165H, You'll be guided by Everitt Miller, 842 Enjoyable, Useful, Quaint books on Pittsboro, NC 27312. former Longwood Gardens director" Plants. Current $1-Sale Catalog Spans 450 CARNIVOROUS PLANTS Years from Estienne's Gardening Dated 1539 ' Leonard Haertter Travel Company, 7922 Bon­ to O'Keeffe's Flowers dated 1989. POMONA Carnivorous (Insectivorous) Plants, woodland hom me Ave. St. Louis, MO 63105, (800) 942·6666 BOOKS, Rockton, Ontario, Canada LOR IXO. terrarium plants, supplies and books. Color brochure free. PETER PAULS NURSERIES, " Passages Unlimited, 2 Oliver St., Eighth Floor, Boston, MA 02109, (800) 232·2939 Canandaigua, NY 14424.

18. American Horticulturist· January 1990 DAYLILIES HERBS RARELY OFFERED SOUTHEASTERN NA- ALSO JAPANESE AND SIBERIAN IRIS, HERBS-Annual/perennial; extensive collec- TIVES, woody, herbaceous, nursery-grown. HOSTA AND PEONIES. RESERVE YOUR tion. Perennials-Large selection for Many hardy northward. Also newly intro- 1990 CATALOG NOW. $1 (DEDUCTIBLE). sun/shade. Sedum-Tall, medium, carpeting; duced exotics selected for Southern gardens. CAPRICE FARM NURSERY-AH, 15425 SW many varieties. Visit Living Room Gift Shop Send $.50 for extensive mail order list. PLEASANT HILL, SHERWOOD, OR 97140. for herbal treats. Display gardens. Retail WOODLANDERS, AH, 1128 Colleton Ave., (503) 625-724l. catalog $1.50; Wholesale list (Business Aiken, SC 2980l. SASE). WRENWOOD, RT. 4, BOX 361, Tetraploid Hybrids, Reblooming Miniatures, OVER 1000 KINDS OF CHOICE & AFFOR- Berkeley Springs, WV 2541l. Dwarfs and Eyed varieties. All are hardy dor- DABLE PLANTS. Outstanding Ornamentals, mant homegrown in central Illinois' rich HOSTAS American Natives, Perennials, Rare Conifers, Pre-Bonsai, Wildlife Plants, much more. prairie soils. All orders are freshly dug and Latest Hybrids from Paul Aden. High quality well packaged. Send $4 (fully refundable) for Descriptive catalog $2. FORESTFARM, 990 containerized plants for safe, all-season ship- Tetherow, Williams, OR 97544. your 1990 Color Perennial Catalog. KLEHM ping. Expertly packaged. Professionally NURSERY, Rt. 5, Box 197 Penny Rd., Bar- grown. Send $4 (fully refundable) for your POSITIONS AVAILABLE rington, IL 60010-9555. (1-800-553-3715). 1990 Color Perennial Catalog. KLEHM Position Available at the Agreocology Pro- FERNS NURSERY, Rt. 5, Box 197 Penny Rd., Bar- gram, Farm & Garden Apprenticeship, RARE ATHYRIUMS; Large Japanese "Pic- rington, IL 60010-9555 (1-800-553-3715). University of California, Santa Cruz, begin- tum," new ruby-stemmed chartreuse "Ancient HOUSE PLANTS ning February 1, 1990. Horticulturist: Manage and instruct in all aspects of raised- Jade" $5 ea. Dwarf "Lady" fern $3.50. $15 ORCHIDS, GESNERIADS, BEGONIAS, minimum, plus 25% shipping. WILDWOOD, bed organic market gardening. Extensive CACTI & SUCCULENTS. Visitot"s welcome. Rt. 3, Box 165H, Pittsboro, NC 27312. know ledge and experience in cultural require- 1990-1991 catalog $2. LAURAY OF SALIS- ments of vegetables, flowers, and herbals; GARDENING ACCESSORIES BURY, 432 Undermountain Rd., Salisbury, propagation, pruning, greenhouse, soil GOATSKIN GLOVES. Tough, lightweight, CT 06068. (203) 435-2263. preparation and o.rganic fertility. Good com- napa goatskin stretches and becomes form-fit- Exotic Houseplants, Delivered to Your munication skills and ability to organize, ting, giving wearer ultimate in fit, grip, dex- Doorstep. Our 1988-90 color catalog lists 2,000 teach, and work with 30 students on a daily terity. Natural lanolin in leather keeps hands varieties of rare indoor plants. You'll find basis essential. Full-time 8 months, variable soft. Sizes 7-10 or send outline of hand. $9.50 hibiscus, orchids, begonias, geraniums, heir- 4 months, excellent benefits, $1,675/mo FT. postpaid. PUTNAM'S, Box 295-AH, Wilton, loom, fragrant plants and more. Send $3 Call Lyn Garling (408) 459-232l. NH 03086. refundable, LOGEE'S GREENHOUSES, ROCK GARDEN PLANTS Dept. AH, North St., Danielson, CT 06239. GREENHOUSE ACCESSORIES Rare Alpines, Wildflowers, Dwarf Conifers, COMPLETE MIST PROPAGATION SYS- SOLAR POWERED REVOLVING PLANT Ground Covers, colorful Rock Plants, hardy TEMS. Get phenomenal propagation results, TURNER! Supports 33 pounds. No batteries, Rhododendrons, Bonsai Books. Catalog $2. electricity. NO MORE LOPSIDED PLANTS! indoors-autdoors. Environment sensitive con- RICE CREEK GARDENS, 1315 66th Avenue $19.95, $3 postage. SHESERA, 7085 Cultus trolled. FREE BROCHURES. AQUA- NE, Minneapolis, MN 55432. (612) 574-1197. Bay, Box 684-AH, Clinton, WA 98236. MONITOR, Dept. 4, Box 327, Huntington, NY SEEDS 11743. (516) 427-5664. NURSERY STOCK Exotic TROPICAL and TEMPERATE PLANT GROUND COVERS MILLIONS OF SEEDLINGS: High Quality, SEED-Rare and common species from trees QUALITY GROUND COVERS AND PEREN- Reasonable Prices, Over 100 Selections for to annuals, FREE catalog. JUNGLE FEVER, NIALS. Aegopodium, European Ginger, Ivies, Christmas Trees, Ornamentals, Windbreaks, P.O. Box 130315, Birmingham, AL 35213. Timber, Soil Conservation, Wildlife Cover. Lamiums, Hardy Cactus, Plumbago, Sweet TREES Woodruff, Sedums, Vincas. Over 100 Free Catalog. CARINO NURSERIES, Box varieties. GILSON GARDENS, INC., Dept. H, 538, Dept. J, Indiana, PA 1570l. Trees, shrubs, perennials. Container grown, P.O. Box 277, Perry, OH 4408l. BLACK DIAMOND NURSERY, Rt. 2, Box outdoors. Catalog $2. OWENS FARMS, Rt. 3, Box 158-AAH, Ripley, TN 38063-9420. HELP WANTED 176, Winslow, AR 72959. All varieties of berry plants. Send for free catalog. Wholesale-retail. JAPANESE MAPLES, 20+ cultivars plus We at the American Horticultural Society are PEONIES Dwarf Conifers, BONSAI material. Mountain often asked to refer individuals for significant grown, top quality. Send for FREE horticultural positions around the country. Estate, Hybrid, and Tree Peonies. High CATALOG, MOUNTAIN MAPLES, P.O. Box We are not in a position to offer full placement quality plants, freshly handled and expertly 1329, Laytonville, CA 95454. services to candidates or employers. However, packed. Family owned company for 137 years. as a service to our members, both individuals Send $4 (fully refundable) for your 1990 Color VACATION HOME and employers alike, we would be very glad to Perennial Catalog. KLEHM NURSERY, Rt. 5, VISIT ENGLISH GARDENS, Country receive resumes and cover letters of in- Box 197 Penny Rd. , Barrington, IL 60010- houses, Windsor, Cots~olds-LONDON (20 dividuals seeking job changes and employers 9555 (1-800-553-3715). miles). Comfortable well equipped sic apart- seeking candidates. All responsibility for PLANT SOCIETIES me nt- private telephone etc. Hotel comfort checking references and determining the ap- for 2. Pretty Buckinghamshire village- propriateness of both position and candidate Send $1 for 24-page illustrated newsletter Details (RHS member) Ann Newcombe, Ap- rests with the individuals. AHS's participa- featuring citrus and tropical fruits, indoors plewood, Mill Lane, Chalfont-St. Giles, Bucks tion in this activity is only to serve as a con- and out. INDOOR CITRUS AND RARE HP8 4NX or call 011-44-2407-3343. necting point for members of the Society. FRUIT SOCIETY, Dept. AHN, 176 Coronado WILDFLOWERS Inquiries and informational material should Ave., Los Altos, CA 94622. be sent to: Horticultural Employment, PLANTS (UNUSUAL) FREE WILDFLOWER CATALOG: We have American Horticultural Society, 7931 East over 60 varieties of wildflowers and over 11 Boulevard Dr., Alexandria, VA 22308. EXOTIC CALADIUM BULBS produce the territorial mixes, plus MORE! Our wildflower most popular foliage plants for outdoors. Their mixes are 100% pure wildflower seed, they 1990 SEED colorful leaves (in variegated, beautiful pat- bring a beautiful array of colors. For FREE (.~~~~. CATALOGUE terns) add splashes of colors where many other catalog call: (614) 596-2521, or send name and ~O ~ plants may not thrive. Many varieties to address to: VALLEY CREEK, Dept. AH, P.O. ~ WORLD'S fffi1 CJ/z.ompsorz. choose from, including new and exciting sun- Box 475, Circle Drive, McArthur, OH 4565l. ~ LARGEST &>GMorgarz. loving dwarf varieties. HORTIGIFTS, Box AND MOST 31073, #300AH, Tampa, FL 33631-3073. FAMOUS SEED THOMPSON & MORGAN INC. CATALOGUE OfPT. 21-0 IACKSON, Nl 08527

American Horticulturist · J a nuary 1990 + 19 The fall issue of Bartlett Tree Topics, Rare Phacelia Saved from Extinction published by the F. A. Bartlett Tree Expert Company, suggests that if you The Nature Conservancy has launched a can't keep the salty water away from campaign to purchase the last remaining plants by diverting runoff or stronghold of the clay phacelia (Phacelia constructing barriers,'you may be able argillacea), a delicate wildflower to offset damage with gypsum. hovering on the brink of extinction. For Salt injury can resemble damage caused over 75 years the clay phacelia was by drought or pollution, including delay thought to be extinct, but in 1971 it was in leafbudbreak and flowering; stunted rediscovered on a rocky slope in Spanish foliage and buds; reduced shoot growth; Fork Canyon, Utah. In 1988 it was tip or margin foliage browning; crown discovered that the purplish blue thinning and tufting offoliage at the tips wildflowers were pollinated by an equally of branches; premature fall coloration and rare species ofbee---Hylaeus granulatus. defoliation; and dead twigs. Today the clay phacelia---or scorpion When salt is present in the soil, water plant-is federally listed as endangered. will be drawn to the salt and become un­ The plant's slope is heavily used by available to plant roots. In high deer and sheep and populations have concentrations, the salt will even siphon declined by 90 percent over the past water out of the roots so that the plant nine years. In May 1989 only 20 plants 1f becomes desiccated. Salt can also damage remained. Dave Livermore, head of ~ the soil's structure and mise its pH. The Nature Conservam:y's Utah efforts ~ Gypsum helps in two ways. The observed, "In the last few years, wild negatively charged sulfate ions in gypsum native plants have contributed greatly Clay phacelia (Phacelia argil/acea) bond with the positive sodium ions to form to cancer research and other medical sodium sulfate, a highly soluble salt that is developments. The loss of the clay quickly leached from the soil. The positive phacelia and other plant species calcium ions left from the gypsum then around the globe represents future No-Salt Insurance bond with negative clay molecules making losses of medical and other benefits to the soil more permeable. the generations that follow." Many of the products used during the Gypsum is probably best known to winter to keep neighbors from tripping gardeners for this effect of helping to on sidewalks and vehicles from skidding aerate compacted soil. The Bartlett For more information write: The Nature on roadways contain salt that can kill company says applying 200 to 400 Conservancy, 1815 North Lynn Street, plants ranging from lawns to trees. pounds per 1,000-square feet of soil will Arlington, VA 22209 or The Nature Plant lovers will use alternative substan­ both neutralize salt and break up Conservancy, Grea~ Basin Field Office, ces, such as urea, to melt ice and snow, compacted soil. It is not environmentally P.O. Box 11486, Pioneer Station, Salt but local governments and neighbors harmful when used in such amounts. Lake City, UT 84147-0486. may not always be so conscientious.

2ND CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT ALEXANDRIA, VA AND AT ADDITIONAL ty MAILING OFFICES P.O. Box 0105, Mount Vernon, VA 22121