DOCSLIB.ORG

Persian Bayan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Persian Bayan SIYYID ‘ALI MUHAMMAD CALLED THE BAB ____ THE PERSIAN BAYAN Translated from the Persian By A.-L.-M NICOLAS French Consul in Tabriz ____ THIRD VOLUME ____ PARIS LIBRAIRIE PAUL GEUTHNER 68, RUE MAZARINE, 68 ___ 1913 1 PREFACE It is perhaps not necessary to explain point by point the differences that exist between Babism, Baha’ism and ‘Abdu’l-Baha’ism1, and furthermore, this does not enter at all in our program. It suffices me to say that the Bab, Prophet, greater than Jesus, greater than Muhammad - He says it and He proclaims it in express and reiterated terms which cannot be lessened by those who claim to be His successors. Fairly similar to us2, Muslims have two sorts of Prophets - the great and the little. They divide them into carriers of religious laws, of revealed Books - shariah - and the simple heralds. The Bab is a shari’3, it is useless to deny it. He says it Himself and, as well, the work that we translate is a part of his shari’at. Thus, to represent Him as a simple herald of Baha’u’llah is an historical lie.4 It is another to claim the universalization of the religion of the Bab by Baha’u’llah (Epistle to the Son of the Wolf and other works 1Nicolas came to believe, after reading Baha’i literature, that the claims of the Bab were incompatible with the claims of Baha’u’llah and ‘Abdu’l-Baha. He retained this belief until very late in life, when he read The Dawn-Breakers, sent to him by its editor and translator, Shoghi Effendi, the Guardian of the Baha’i Faith. 2 Nicolas assumes that his readers are Christians, in heritage if not in conviction. is defined by Steingass (p. 723) as “An expounder of the law; or of the articles of faith; a (ﺷﺎرع) ’3Shari legislator, law-giver; a highway, main road, thoroughfare”: https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/steingass_query.py?qs=shari&matchtype=default 4The Guardian of the Baha’i Faith made a similar claim in one of his letters entitled “The Dispensation of Baha’u’llah”: “That the Bab, the inaugurator of the Bábí Dispensation, is fully entitled to rank as one of the self-sufficient Manifestations of God, that He has been invested with sovereign power and authority, and exercises all the rights and prerogatives of independent Prophethood, is yet another fundamental verity which the Message of Bahá'u'lláh insistently proclaims and which its followers must uncompromisingly uphold. That He is not to be regarded merely as an inspired Precursor of the Bahá'í Revelation, that in His person, as He Himself bears witness in the Persian Bayan, the object of all the Prophets gone before Him has been fulfilled, is a truth which I feel it my duty to demonstrate and emphasize. We would assuredly be failing in our duty to the Faith we profess and would be violating one of its basic and sacred principles if in our words or by our conduct we hesitate to recognize the implications of this root principle of Bahá'í belief, or refuse to uphold unreservedly its integrity and demonstrate its truth. Indeed the chief motive actuating me to undertake the task of editing and translating Nabil's immortal Narrative has been to enable every follower of the Faith in the West to better understand and more readily grasp the tremendous implications of His exalted station and to more ardently admire and love Him. “There can be no doubt that the claim to the twofold station ordained for the Bab by the Almighty, a claim which He Himself has so boldly advanced, which Bahá'u'lláh has repeatedly affirmed, and to which the Will and Testament of 'Abdu'l-Bahá has finally given the sanction of its testimony, constitutes the most distinctive feature of the Bahá'í Dispensation. It is a further evidence of its uniqueness, a tremendous accession to the strength, to the mysterious power and authority with which this holy cycle has been invested. Indeed the greatness of the Bab consists primarily, not in His being the divinely-appointed Forerunner of so transcendent a Revelation, but rather in His having been invested with the powers inherent in the inaugurator of a separate religious Dispensation, and in His wielding, to a degree unrivaled by the Messengers gone before Him, the scepter of independent Prophethood.” (Shoghi Effendi, The World Order of Baha'u'llah, pp. 122-123) 2 of the same kind). Jesus, or at least His successors claimed to establish a catholic religion, that is to say, universal. Muslims are of the same opinion in that which concerns Muhammad and it is hardly needed to say that the Bab in His turn, realizing all the previous and divine prophecies, is catholic. We have never reproached Him for having announced His return in the person of Him Whom God shall make manifest. We have, on the contrary, highly anticipated. But perhaps he announced Him in leaving to an imposter too many facilities to usurp the place that He Himself indicates as requiring to be occupied by a greater one than Himself. I wish for testimony no more than Bab 8 of Vahid VI, which will be found in this volume. The objection founded upon the fact that His religion would be inapplicable for humanity as a whole, is not one. Either this religion is divine, or it is not. If it is divine, by what right do we judge it? If it is not, how can Baha’u’llah Prophet of God proceed from it? Or, humanity, if it is not under the influence of Satan, can it have the audacity to criticize the work of the Most High? It belongs thus to us, men, to whom it is forbidden to question Him Whom God shall make manifest, on His mission, to ask for explanations from Him Whom God has manifested, about Himself! The argument, taken from the Epistle to the Son of the Wolf, appears to me to be quite precarious. The Bab announced, it is said, the appearance of the new Prophet for the year 9. Evidently the Baha’is take their argument from the Epistle of the Bab to Mulla Baqir. This epistle was, says the legend, written in response to a letter sent by Mulla Baqir to the Bab about the authority of Mulla Husayn Bushru’i, who did not understand anything due to the contradictions that swarm in the work of the Bab precisely on the subject of the date of the appearance of the new Prophet. Whatever may be the import of what is reported of it, this letter is far from being as explicit as one wishes to make it. It begins thus: “In truth I heard your letter, it contained a jewel, and if it had not been found, I would not have replied to your letter. Now I do not give the reply that is contained in the world of the intimate (I do not reply except following your intelligence) and how much great is the mention of the person on the subject about which you have asked. In truth, this question is too elevated, too precious and too exalted for the hearts to have the power to know it; and that the spirits might prostrate themselves before them, that the souls might make praise of them and that the bodies might describe its luminosity. How great then is your question, and how small your existence!,,,” “If you had not been of the first Vahid, I would have chastised you...” 3 “And, in truth, Him Whom God shall make manifest cannot be indicated by my indication, nor by what was mentioned in the Bayan…” “Thus, in the measure in which you have known God, know Him Whom God shall make manifest, and know that He is too exalted, too great to be known by anyone but Himself, or to be indicated by an indication of His creature! And in truth, me, who am I, I am the first slave who gave Him my faith!...” “How then can I mention Him? Because all that could mention Him is but a mention from His creatures...In truth, Him Whom God shall make manifest cannot be mentioned by a mention…” “In truth you, if you by chance are present on the day of His appearance, and if you know Him by the teaching of the ‘ulama of the Bayan, you will not know Him as He should be known…” “Hence, in truth, the day of His manifestation is the last day relative to this first life. And, if the book of Him Whom God shall make manifest did not exist, mine would not have descended; if His being did not exist, God would not have manifested me!...” “And, in truth, I am Him and He is Me!...” “It is to be hoped that in the year 8, you see the day of His manifestation and it will be in that moment, find yourself in the presence of God!...” “If you do not see Him at the beginning, you will see Him at the end of the year. I say that, but be convinced that the order is great above all greatness! “Since the promise of Jesus son of Mary passed 1270 years until the day of the Bayan and the believers in the Gospels sleep in awaiting Him! And it is that and not something else: will come to you the one on the subject of which you have asked about the mention of His greatness and of His order.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Phr Journal2010.Indd
    PHILIPPINE HUMANITIES REVIEW 187 READING NATION (NACION/PATRIA/PUEBLO/ BAYAN/BAHLEY) IN PHILIPPINE 20TH CENTURY ZARZUELAS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY PRISCELINA PATAJO-LEGASTO, PH.D. When my granduncle Pablo Mejia, Pangasinan zarzuela writer, poet, musician, educator, painter, journalist, lexicographer, radio commentator, and public servant wrote and produced his zarzuelas with Olup Mejia during the fi rst decades of the twentieth century, he was addressing a local audience whom he wanted to push to anger against the colonizers, and to infuse them with a love for Filipinas . Th e fi rst task was easy; the second, much harder. Why? Revenge, anger, wanting to get rid of the Spanish offi cials and especially the white curas, all these sentiments had already been articulated in the zarzuelas since, on the experiential level, the audience of Pablo Mejia knew what these meant. Th e second notion of loving Filipinas (patria /nacion/bayan/ dalin ya ninakan) and people of the islands beyond the boundaries of their respective pueblo/bahley/bayan (town) was more abstract; and thus, far more complex. Even more complicated was the concept of damayan (from just “sympathizing” to actually “sacrifi cing” even life and limb) for this abstract entity, Filipinas . pphrhr jjournal2010.inddournal2010.indd SSec1:187ec1:187 111/5/20101/5/2010 99:23:39:23:39 AAMM 188 PATAJO-LEGASTO Th e problematique of this research is to re-cover and understand the concept of nation (French patrie; Spanish nacion, patria, pueblo) or its coeval terms in the Philippine languages (Tagalog
    [Show full text]
  • Michigan Winter Tournament Packet 14
    Michigan Winter Tournament "The Holy Roman Empire of Tournaments" Edited by: Harris Bunker, Emmett Laurie, Evan Lynch, Matt Mitchell, Eric Mukherjee, Jacob O'Rourke, Rudra Ranganathan, Conor Thompson, Jeremy Tsai, and Chandler West Written by: The editors, Mollie Bakal, Austin Foos, Beverly Fu, Colton Graham, James Hadley, Sean Higgins, Tyler McMaken, Ameya Phadnis, Aleija Rodriguez, James Stevenson, and Allan VanZandt Packet 14 Tossups: 1. A.J.P. Taylor wrote that the combatants of these conflicts had "become truly independent; they were nobody's ​ satellites." Before being quickly subsumed into another country, revolutionaries freed Himara during one of these conflicts. The final battle in one of these conflicts saw Nikola Ivanov surround another side's forces at Kresna Gorge. One of the first aerial bombings occurred during this war's Siege of (*) Adrianople, or Edirne. A country led by Tsar Ferdinand I relinquished ​ Dobruja during one of these conflicts via the terms of the treaty of Bucharest. For 10 points, name these wars fought in a namesake Peninsula, the first of which saw a coalition battle the Ottomans. ANSWER: Balkan Wars [accept First Balkan War or Second Balkan War] <Stevenson, European History> ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2. In this novel, one character is told a prophecy that begins "the high official's fortune will decline."A translation of this ​ book, which gives characters more Latin names like Sapientia and Adamantina, was created by David Hawkes. In two scenes from this novel, a man falls ill after a begonia tree fails to bloom and several maids are accused of infidelity after an embroidered purse is found.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Standardized Chapel Library Project' Lists
    Standardized Library Resources: Baha’i Print Media: 1) The Hidden Words by Baha’u’llah (ISBN-10: 193184707X; ISBN-13: 978-1931847070) Baha’i Publishing (November 2002) A slim book of short verses, originally written in Arabic and Persian, which reflect the “inner essence” of the religious teachings of all the Prophets of God. 2) Gleanings from the Writings of Baha’u’llah by Baha’u’llah (ISBN-10: 1931847223; ISBN-13: 978-1931847223) Baha’i Publishing (December 2005) Selected passages representing important themes in Baha’u’llah’s writings, such as spiritual evolution, justice, peace, harmony between races and peoples of the world, and the transformation of the individual and society. 3) Some Answered Questions by Abdul-Baham, Laura Clifford Barney and Leslie A. Loveless (ISBN-10: 0877431906; ISBN-13 978-0877431909) Baha’i Publishing, (June 1984) A popular collection of informal “table talks” which address a wide range of spiritual, philosophical, and social questions. 4) The Kitab-i-Iqan Book of Certitude by Baha’u’llah (ISBN-10: 1931847088; ISBN-13: 978:1931847087) Baha’i Publishing (May 2003) Baha’u’llah explains the underlying unity of the world’s religions and the revelations humankind have received from the Prophets of God. 5) God Speaks Again by Kenneth E. Bowers (ISBN-10: 1931847126; ISBN-13: 978- 1931847124) Baha’i Publishing (March 2004) Chronicles the struggles of Baha’u’llah, his voluminous teachings and Baha’u’llah’s legacy which include his teachings for the Baha’i faith. 6) God Passes By by Shoghi Effendi (ISBN-10: 0877430209; ISBN-13: 978-0877430209) Baha’i Publishing (June 1974) A history of the first 100 years of the Baha’i faith, 1844-1944 written by its appointed guardian.
    [Show full text]
  • Epoca Bizantină
    Epoca Bizantină Urme materiale, secolele III, IV și V en Deși teritoriul nostru nu a făcut parte integrantă din Imperiul Bizantin, în cele ce urmează perioada de timp cuprinsă între epoca romană și cea feudală va fi denumită generic Epoca Bizantină, pentru a urma cursul firesc al Istoriei Bisericii Ortodoxe, cea care a consemnat faptele, obiceiurile și tradițiile, războaiele sau calamitățile vremurilor. Chiar dacă la Nord de Dunăre puterea militară și osul sănătos au fost de partea triburilor barbare, migratoare, aproape toate sursele istoriografice au fost produse de scribii bizantini sau romani. Urmele materiale identificate arheologic sunt și ele destul de limitate iar datarea lor s-a făcut de cele mai multe ori prin analogie cu cronologia romană. Aflat la granița de nord a teritoriului controlat de romani, teritoriul nostru a fost permanent în interacțiune activă cu marele imperiu, fie prin schimburi comerciale, fie prin confruntări militare. Toți sclavii eliberați sau fugiți, toți renegații și nemulțumiții Imperiului Bizantin, toți hoții și infractorii, pe scurt toți dușmanii Imperiului Roman și mai apoi ai celui Bizantin au găsit adăpost și refugiu la Nord de Dunăre. La aceștia se adaugă sutele de mii, sau în timp chiar milioanele de prizonieri de război, colonizați pe teritoriul nostru în așteptarea răscumpărării. Chiar dacă nu a existat un proces coherent de colonizare activă, organizat de o armată învingătoare, teritoriul nostru a fost colonizat progresiv cu locuitori ai Imperiului, coloniști ce au adus cu ei limba, obiceiurile și tradițiile, moneda sau averea lor. Este greu de spus dacă această politică a fost dirijată activ de împărații și capii bisericii, sau a fost doar rezultatul unei selecții naturale, dar majoritatea textelor lasă de înțeles că bizantinii au purtat serii de negocieri cu triburile invadatoare înainte de declanșarea fiecărui război.
    [Show full text]
  • Inventory of the Oriental Manuscripts of the Library of the University of Leiden
    INVENTORIES OF COLLECTIONS OF ORIENTAL MANUSCRIPTS INVENTORY OF THE ORIENTAL MANUSCRIPTS OF THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF LEIDEN VOLUME 2 MANUSCRIPTS OR. 1001 – OR. 2000 REGISTERED IN LEIDEN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY IN THE PERIOD BETWEEN 1665 AND 1871 COMPILED BY JAN JUST WITKAM PROFESSOR OF PALEOGRAPHY AND CODICOLOGY OF THE ISLAMIC WORLD IN LEIDEN UNIVERSITY INTERPRES LEGATI WARNERIANI TER LUGT PRESS LEIDEN 2007 © Copyright by Jan Just Witkam & Ter Lugt Press, Leiden, The Netherlands, 2006, 2007. The form and contents of the present inventory are protected by Dutch and international copyright law and database legislation. All use other than within the framework of the law is forbidden and liable to prosecution. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the author and the publisher. First electronic publication: 27 October 2006. Latest update: 13 August 2007 © Copyright by Jan Just Witkam & Ter Lugt Press, Leiden, The Netherlands, 2006, 2007 2 PREFACE The arrangement of the present volume of the Inventories of Oriental manuscripts in Leiden University Library does not differ in any specific way from the volumes which have been published earlier. For the sake of brevity I refer to my prefaces in those volumes. A few essentials my be repeated here. Not all manuscripts mentioned in the present volume were viewed by autopsy, but many were. The sheer number of manuscripts makes this impossible. At a later stage this may be achieved, but trying to achieve this at the present stage of inventorizing would seriously hamper the progress of the present project.
    [Show full text]
  • To the Strongest! Ancient Army Lists
    Updated 30/9/2020 Early Thracian ................................................................. 56 Table of Contents Illyrian ............................................................................... 57 Lydian ............................................................................... 58 Introduction.............................................................. 3 Early Hoplite Greek ....................................................... 59 Version Control ........................................................ 3 Cyrenean Greek ............................................................... 61 I Third Millennium .................................................. 4 Syracusan .......................................................................... 63 Dynastic Sumerian............................................................. 4 Athenian ........................................................................... 65 Old Elam ............................................................................ 6 Spartan .............................................................................. 66 Early Eblan ......................................................................... 9 Theban .............................................................................. 68 Amorite Nomads ............................................................. 11 Thessalian ......................................................................... 70 Hattian Kingdoms ........................................................... 13 Other Greek City
    [Show full text]
  • FOLIA ANTHROPOLOGICA Tudományos És Módszertani Folyóirat
    NYUGAT-MAGYARORSZÁGI EGYETEM TERMÉSZETTUDOMÁNYI ÉS MŰSZAKI KAR FOLIA ANTHROPOLOGICA Szerkeszti TÓTH GÁBOR 15. kötet SZOMBATHELY 2016 FOLIA ANTHROPOLOGICA Tudományos és módszertani folyóirat ALAPÍTOTTA 1997-ben Kápolnásnyéken, a Vörösmarty Mihály Emlékmúzeumban, a FIATAL ANTROPOLÓGUSOK TÁRSASÁGA Szerkeszti: TÓTH GÁBOR Szerkesztőbizottság: BERNERT ZSOLT BUDA BOTOND KUSTÁR ÁGNES SUSKOVICS CSILLA SZIKOSSY ILDIKÓ TARGUBÁNÉ RENDES KATALIN Felelős kiadó: Kiadja a NYME Kiadó Prof. Dr. Németh Róbert Tudományos és külügyi rektorhelyettes HU ISSN 1786-5654 A szerkesztő címe: Editor: Dr. G. A. Tóth, PhD. University of West Hungary, Dr. habil. Tóth Gábor PhD. Institute of Biology NyME, Biológia Intézet 9700 Szombathely, 9700 Szombathely, Károlyi Gáspár tér 4. Károlyi G. tér 4. [email protected] HUNGARY http://ttk.nyme.hu/blgi/folia/Lapok/default.aspx A tanulmányok két lektor véleményének figyelembe vétele után kerültek közlésre. Folia Anthropologica 15; 3. (2016) TARTALOM Waidhofer, Marika Directional asymmetry of the upper limb bones among 5. Kirchengast, Sylvia Avar skeletons from Eastern Austria Suskovics Csilla Spermarchekorok Magyarországon. Legújabb eredmény: Kaposvár 19. Tóth Gábor Mydlárová Blaščáková, Association between selected hormones and minerals in Slovak 23. Marta women with postmenopausal osteoporosis Tomková, Zlatica Nagy, Melinda Poráčová, Janka Bicáková, Lucia Barkáts, Norbert Buda Botond L. Alvó város - A Körmendi Növekedésvizsgálat (2008) szomnológiai 29. Marksz Lilla eredményeiből Tóth Gábor A. Kiss Eszter Párkapcsolati
    [Show full text]
  • Captain Flashback
    CAPTAIN FLASHBACK A fanzine composed for the 404th distribution of the Thots While Base Scraping: Turbo-Charged Party-Animal Amateur Press An Editorial by Andy Hooper Association, from the joint membership of Andy Hooper and Carrie Root, residing at 11032 30th Ave. More obsessive modeling and messing about NE Seattle, WA 98125. E-mail Andy at with toy soldiers. The Later Swiss presented no [email protected], and you may reach Carrie at problems, and even building an entire Navarrese [email protected]. This is a Drag Bunt Press Company from scratch was easily accomplished. Production, completed on 2/20/2020. But when I decided to cross the Danube to take on the Avars, that proved to be a more ambitious CAPTAIN FLASHBACK is devoted to old project than I had projected. They arrived in the fanzines, miniature wargames, film noir and other mail as expected in a tangle of loose figures, all fascinating phenomena of the 20th Century. All fallen off of flimsy cardboard bases. But written material by Andy Hooper unless indicated. rebasing 45 cavalry and their horses, along with Contents of Issue #15: another 20 horse archers, completely depleted Page 1: Thots while Base Scraping: my stock of 40mm by 30mm plywood bases. In An Editorial on Sundry Topics order to get them all onto legal stands and ready Page 2: Comments on Turbo-Apa #403 for the gaming table, I had to rummage around Page 5: A Key to Interlineations in Issue #14 Page 12: Fanmail from some Flounder: Letters to CF in the box of recycled bases and select a pile for Page 13: I Remember Entropy Department: rehab.
    [Show full text]
  • Province, City, Municipality Total and Barangay Population BATANGAS 2,377,395 AGONCILLO 35,794 Adia 847 Bagong Sikat 981 Balango
    2010 Census of Population and Housing Batangas Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay: as of May 1, 2010 Province, City, Municipality Total and Barangay Population BATANGAS 2,377,395 AGONCILLO 35,794 Adia 847 Bagong Sikat 981 Balangon 1,417 Bilibinwang 2,464 Bangin 1,790 Barigon 1,477 Coral Na Munti 3,465 Guitna 503 Mabini 1,052 Pamiga 1,504 Panhulan 1,054 Pansipit 1,778 Poblacion 1,793 Pook 2,500 San Jacinto 657 San Teodoro 509 Santa Cruz 1,066 Santo Tomas 788 Subic Ibaba 4,029 Subic Ilaya 3,329 Banyaga 2,791 ALITAGTAG 23,649 Balagbag 650 Concepcion 463 Concordia 852 Dalipit East 1,134 Dalipit West 965 Dominador East 928 Dominador West 1,069 Munlawin Sur 619 Munlawin Norte 1,142 Muzon Primero 2,167 National Statistics Office 1 2010 Census of Population and Housing Batangas Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay: as of May 1, 2010 Province, City, Municipality Total and Barangay Population Muzon Segundo 2,119 Pinagkurusan 1,311 Ping-As 1,215 Poblacion East 1,297 Poblacion West 2,304 San Jose 2,225 Santa Cruz 1,286 Tadlac 1,266 San Juan 637 BALAYAN 81,805 Baclaran 2,220 Barangay 1 (Pob.) 1,938 Barangay 10 (Pob.) 2,845 Barangay 11 (Pob.) 1,321 Barangay 12 (Pob.) 300 Barangay 2 (Pob.) 1,394 Barangay 3 (Pob.) 1,185 Barangay 4 (Pob.) 1,851 Barangay 5 (Pob.) 1,758 Barangay 6 (Pob.) 998 Barangay 7 (Pob.) 339 Barangay 8 (Pob.) 2,130 Barangay 9 (Pob.) 1,446 Calan 964 Caloocan 4,888 Calzada 1,416 Canda 1,450 Carenahan 1,030 Caybunga 841 Cayponce 1,388 Dalig 3,008 Dao 1,445 Dilao 1,442 Duhatan 1,518 Durungao
    [Show full text]
  • Ottoman Information Networks in the East, 1736-1747
    M. N. ÖZEL M.ÖZEL N. AMBASSADORS, SPIES, CAPTIVES, MERCHANTS AND TRAVELERS: OTTOMAN INFORMATION NETWORKS IN THE EAST, 1736-1747 AMBASSADORS, SPIES, CAPTIVES, MERCHANTS AND TRAVELERS MERCHANTS AMBASSADORS,SPIES, CAPTIVES, M. NUREDDİN ÖZEL 2018 İSTANBUL ŞEHİR UNIVERSITY SEPTEMBER 2018 AMBASSADORS, SPIES, CAPTIVES, MERCHANTS AND TRAVELERS: OTTOMAN INFORMATION NETWORKS IN THE EAST, 1736-1747 A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES OF İSTANBUL ŞEHİR UNIVERSITY BY M. NUREDDİN ÖZEL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN HISTORY SEPTEMBER 2018 ABSTRACT AMBASSADORS, SPIES, CAPTIVES, MERCHANTS AND TRAVELERS: OTTOMAN INFORMATION NETWORKS IN THE EAST, 1736-1747 Özel, M. Nureddin. MA, Department of History Thesis Advisor: Prof. Engin Deniz Akarlı September 2018, 332 pages This thesis sheds light on the Ottoman information networks in the East during the reign of Nadir Shah in Iran. It emphasizes singular cases of agencies who convey (and process) information, such as ambassadors, spies, captives, merchants, couriers, and travelers, but with due effort to depict the clear and implicit connections and links among them. The study is limited to the period when Nadir Shah reigned in Iran from 1736 to 1747, because the intensity of the developments and contacts in this interesting period provides an opportunity to investigate the sources and agents of information with due attention to detail. The study emphasizes Ottoman agents but it makes room for the voices, views and actions of Iranian and other actors as well. The thesis is based mainly on Ottoman sources but benefits from other sources as well. Its main focus is on Anatolia, Iraq, the Hedjaz, Iran, and India, and on individuals who were in contact with the Ottoman central and local officials.
    [Show full text]
  • Australian Bahá'í Studies
    Volume 2, 2000 AUSTRALIAN Section One: The Creative Inspiration Creativity & Spirituality - Are They Related? – Negin Sanaei The Beautiful Flight Toward the Light: Reflections on an Artist’s Life – Robin M. Chandler The Creative Inspiration: Symbolism & Seeing Karel Fontaine Australian Bahá’í Studies promotes analysis Of Paramount Importance - Addressing the Paucity of of issues relevant to the Australian Bahá’í Music in Bahá’í Devotional Practice – Michael Knopf community. It encourages exploration of The Passionate Artist – Ron Price the history, teachings, and philosophy of the Bahá’í Faith in systematic, reflective, or Building Creative Communities – Robin M. Chandler artistic ways. It thus offers itself as a medium Arts Can Move the Youth – Mahyar Amjadi of communication for anyone who is interested in the development of the Letters Inscribed Upon His Sacred Scroll : An Anthology of BAHÁ’Í STUDIES Poetry by Australian Bahá'ís 1999 – Belinda Belton Australian Bahá’í community. In view of the Bahá’í vision of scholarship Remembrance of Clara & Hyde Dunn as an activity accessible to all, rather than Hooshang Eshraq-Khavari one limited to a small academic community, The Bot Series – Vahid Payman Australian Bahá’í Studies seeks input from people of diverse backgrounds and Section Two: On the Road to Reconciliation viewpoints, in a way that assists in AUSTRALIAN Something Regal: Uncle Fred Murray. A Compilation of redefining what is meant by scholarly Tributes, Photographs and Stories – June Perkins practice. The readers of the journal have an A Lonely Road to Native Title Determination – Walter Waia interest in teaching the Bahá’í Faith, serving its administrative organs, and participating BAHÁ’Í STUDIES Section Three: History in its community life.
    [Show full text]
  • Alexander Romances and the Fifteenth Century Ottoman Sultanate
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Mirrors of the World: Alexander Romances and the Fifteenth Century Ottoman Sultanate A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History by Lee Andre Beaudoen 2017 ã Copyright by Lee Andre Beaudoen 2017 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Mirrors of the World: Alexander Romances and the Fifteenth Century Ottoman Sultanate by Lee Andre Beaudoen Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Los Angeles, 2017 Professor Michael G. Morony, Chair Beginning in the third century BCE, just after the death of the Alexander III of Macedon, a series of historical and romanticized narratives begin to circulate that told the tale of his life, adventures, and military career. These textual representatives were only one aspect of a broader category of Alexandriana – the textual, visual, material and folkloric representations – that highlighted the deeds of Alexander the Great. Textural representations of Alexandriana spread throughout the Mediterranean, Middle East, and Central Asia, and were rendered into a broad range of languages including, Greek, Syriac, Hebrew, Ethiopic, Mongolian, Persian and Ottoman Turkish. Previous readings of Ahmedi’s fifteenth-century Ottoman Turkish rending of the Iskendername have correctly placed it as part of the nisahatname ‘mirrors for princes’ genre, but have underplayed its role in the almost two-millennia tradition of the Alexander Romance cycle. This oversight missed several opportunities to investigate Ottoman participation in the long durée of Mediterranean cultural continuity of the Alexander Romance tradition. Furthermore, the beginning of the fifteenth century offered a narrative link between the Ottoman and Alexandrine historical contexts that has been overlooked thus far.
    [Show full text]