Death of IC Engine Again?
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Internal Combustion Engine (Edited from Wikipedia)
Internal Combustion Engine (Edited from Wikipedia) SUMMARY An internal combustion engine is an engine in which combustion, or the burning of fuel, occurs on the inside. It is a machine that makes large pressure increases inside a sealed box (cylinder). The pressure increase pushes a rod which is attached to a wheel. The rod pushes the wheel and makes it spin around. The spinning wheel is attached to other wheels, such as four car wheels, with a belt or a chain. The engine is very strong and can make all the wheels move. Engines need oil to make them slippery or the moving parts would grind together and stick. Parts of a car engine are measured to 0.01 of a millimeter and some engine parts fit together very tightly. Internal differs from external combustion where the fire is outside the engine, such as a steam engine. Most road vehicles use the internal combustion engine today, and most of those use the four-stroke engine. Rocket and jet engines are combustion engines but they do not turn wheels. The fire in their combustion chamber pushes gases rapidly out the back, which pushes the rocket forward. HISTORY Various scientists and engineers contributed to the development of internal combustion engines. In 1791 2, John Barber developed a turbine. In 1794 Thomas Mead patented a gas engine. Also in 1794 Robert Street patented an internal combustion engine, which was also the first to use liquid fuel (gasoline), and built an engine around that time. In 1798, John Stevens designed the first American internal combustion engine. -
WHEELS: the HORSELESS CARRIAGE – Part 1
PRESENTS WHEELS: THE HORSELESS CARRIAGE – Part 1 Researched and Compiled by William John Cummings BRIEF CHRONOLOGY OF THE EVOLUTION OF THE MODERN AUTOMOBILE – 1 A Frenchman named Etienne Lenoir In August, 1888, William Steinway, patented the first practical gas engine in owner of Steinway & Sons piano factory, Paris in 1860 and drove a car based on the talked to Gottlieb Daimler about U.S. design from Paris to Joinville in 1862. manufacturing right and by September had a deal. By 1891 the Daimler Motor In 1862, Alphonse Bear de Rochas Company, owned by Steinway, was figured out how to compress the gas in the producing petrol engines for tramway same cylinder in which it was to burn. cars, carriages, quadricycles, fire engines This process of bringing the gas into the and boats in a plant in Hartford, cylinder, compressing it, combusting the Connecticut. compressed mixture, then exhausting it is known as the Otto cycle, or four cycle engine. Siegfried Marcus, of Mecklenburg, Germany, built a car in 1868 and showed one at the Vienna Exhibition of 1873. In 1876, Nokolaus Otto patented the Otto cycle engine which de Rochas had neglected to do. Daimler-Phoenix Automobile – 1899-1902 BRIEF CHRONOLOGY OF THE EVOLUTION OF THE MODERN AUTOMOBILE – 2 In 1871, Dr. J.W. Carhart, professor of Thirteen Duryeas of the same design physics at Wisconsin State University, and were produced in 1896, making it the the J.I. Case Company built a working first production car. In 1898 the brothers steam car. It was practical enough to went their separate ways and the Duryea inspire the State of Wisconsin to offer a Motor Wagon Company was closed. -
A Review on Internal Combustion Engines
International Journal of Research in Engineering, Science and Management 790 Volume-1, Issue-10, October-2018 www.ijresm.com | ISSN (Online): 2581-5792 A Review on Internal Combustion Engines T.Z. Quazi1, Chaitesh Mhatre2, Soham Khanolkar3, Pranay Patil4, Sanil Pawar5 1Professor and HOD, Dept. of Automobile Engineering, Saraswati College of Engineering, Kharghar, India 2,3,4,5Student, Dept. of Automobile Engineering, Saraswati College of Engineering, Kharghar, India Abstract—The Internal combustion engines are devices that physicist, Christian Huygens (but never built) generate work using the products of combustion as the working 1807 – An internal combustion engine that used a fluid rather than as a heat transfer medium. To produce work, the mixture of hydrogen and oxygen for fuel was invented combustion is carried out in a manner that produces high-pressure combustion products that can be expanded through a turbine or by Francois Issac de Rivaz of Switzerland. He also piston. The engineering of these high pressure systems introduces designed a car for his engine- the first IC powered a number of features that profoundly influence the formation of automobile, which was, however, a very unsuccessful pollutants. Internal combustion engines are most commonly used design for mobile propulsion in vehicles and portable machinery. In 1824 – An old Newcomen steam engine was adopted mobile equipment, internal combustion is advantageous since it can provide high power-to-weight ratios together with excellent to burn gas, by English engineer, Samuel Brown fuel energy density. Generally using fossil fuel (mainly petroleum), which he used to briefly power a vehicle up Shooter’s these engines have appeared in transport in almost all vehicles hill in London (automobiles, trucks, motorcycles, boats, and in a wide variety of 1858 – Belgian-born engineer, Jean Joseph Etienne aircraft and locomotives). -
Study on Automobile
STUDY ON AUTOMOBILE An automobile is a wheeled vehicle that carries its own motive power for propulsion. Different types of automobiles include cars, buses, trucks, vans, and motorcycles, with cars being the most popular. The term is derived from Greek 'autos' (self) and Latin 'movére' (move), referring to the fact that it 'moves by itself'. Earlier terms for automobile include 'horseless carriage' and 'motor car'. An automobile has seats for the driver and, almost without exception, one or more passengers. Today it is the main source of transportation across ithe world. Population As of 2005 there are 500 million cars worldwide (0.074 per capita), of which 220 million are located in the United States [[1]] (0.75 per capita). Inventors The modern automobile powered by the Otto gasoline engine was invented in Germany by Carl Benz [[2]]. Even though Carl Benz is cred with the invention of the modern automobile several other German engineers work on building the first automobile at the same time. The inventors are: Carl Benz on July 3, 1886 in Mannheim [[3]], Gottlieb Daimler [[4]]and Wilhelm Maybach [[5]]in Stuttgart [[6]](also inventors of the first motor bike) and in 1888/89 Germany|German-Austrian inventor Siegfried Marcus [[7]] Vienna [[8]]. Steam powered vehicles Steam-powered self-propelled cars were devised in the late 18th century. The first self-propelled car was built by Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot [[9]] in 1769; it could attain speeds of up to 6 km/h. In 1771 he designed another steam-driven car, which ran so fast that it rammed into a wall, producing the world’s first car accident. -
The Secret War the War For
John Hancock Institute for International Finance" 25/06/201417:04 John Hancock Institute for Internationa· IF· tnance ™ Home World Trade Federation II Back II The Secret War The War for Oil By Frank c. Hanighen & Anton Zischka London: George Routledge & Sons 1935 Table of Contents Introduction Chapter 1--Birth of a World Power Chapter 2--A Drop of Oil Is Worth a Drop of Blood Chapter 3--The Secret War Chapter 4-- Armageddon and Oil Chapter 5--America's Pint Chapter 6--The Conversion of Calles Chapter 7--Dictator by Courtesy of Oil Chapter 8--The Struggle for the Panama Canal Chapter 9--Soldiers of the Battle of Oil Chapter 10--The Wells of Araby http://libertyparkusafd.org/lp/Hancock/CD-ROMS/GlobaIFederation ... ld%20Trade%20Federation%20-%2048%20-%20The%20Secret''Al2 OWar.htm I Page 1 of 123 John Hancock Institute for International Finance" 25/06/201417:04 Chapter 12--Russia Laughs Last Chapter 13--The Fire of Sourahkani Footnotes & Bibliography by Chapters Selected Bibliography of Books on the International Struggle for Oil Appendix A-- The Dynasties of Petroleum Appendix B--Anglo-Persian Oil Co. Ltd. Appendix C--World Production of Crude Petroleum in 1933 Introduction The publication of Frank Hanighen's study of the oil industry offers the opportunity to introduce one of the few journalists who has adapted to the world of 1934 the methods originated by S. S. McClure and Lincoln Steffens in the United States thirty years ago. At that time the period of national expansion that followed the Civil War gave rise to a system of corruption that a younger generation of journalists exposed. -
Karl Benz - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia 頁 1 / 6
Karl Benz - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 頁 1 / 6 Karl Benz From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Karl Friedrich Benz (German: [kaɐ̯ l ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈbɛnts] listen ; November 25, 1844 – April 4, 1929) was a German engine designer and engineer, generally regarded as the inventor of the first automobile powered by an internal Karl Benz combustion engine, and together with Bertha Benz, pioneering founder of the automobile manufacturer Mercedes- Benz which is now one of the leading car brands. Other German contemporaries, Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach working as partners, also worked on similar types of inventions, without knowledge of the work of the other, but Benz received a patent for his work first, and, subsequently patented all the processes that made the internal combustion engine feasible for use in an automobile. In 1879, his first engine patent was granted to him, and in 1886, Benz was granted a patent for his first automobile. Contents ◾ 1 Early life ◾ 2 Benz's first factory and early inventions (1871–1882) ◾ 3 Benz's Gasmotoren-Fabrik Mannheim (1882–1883) ◾ 4 Benz & Cie. and the Benz Patent Motorwagen ◾ 5 Benz & Cie. expansion Born November 25, 1844 ◾ 6 Blitzen Benz Mühlburg (Karlsruhe), German ◾ 7 Benz Söhne (1906–1923) Confederation ◾ 8 Toward Daimler-Benz and the first Mercedes-Benz in 1926 Died April 4, 1929 (aged 84) ◾ 9 In popular culture Ladenburg, Germany ◾ 10 See also ◾ 11 Notes Nationality German ◾ 12 References Ethnicity German ◾ 13 External links Education University of Karlsruhe Spouse(s) Bertha Ringer Early life Children 5, Eugen, Richard, Clara, Ellen, Thilde Karl Benz was born Karl Friedrich Michael Vaillant, on November 25, 1844 in Mühlburg, now a borough of Parent(s) Johann George Benz (father), Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, which is part of modern Germany, to Josephine Vaillant and a locomotive driver, Josephine Vaillant (mother) Johann George Benz, whom she married a few months later. -
The Newcomen Society
The Newcomen Society for the history of engineering and technology Welcome! This Index to volumes 1 to 32 of Transactions of the Newcomen Society is freely available as a PDF file for you to print out, if you wish. If you have found this page through the search engines, and are looking for more information on a topic, please visit our online archive (http://www.newcomen.com/archive.htm). You can perform the same search there, browse through our research papers, and then download full copies if you wish. By scrolling down this document, you will get an idea of the subjects covered in Transactions (volumes dating from 1920 to 1960 only), and on which pages specific information is to be found. The most recent volumes can be ordered (in paperback form) from the Newcomen Society Office. If you would like to find out more about the Newcomen Society, please visit our main website: http://www.newcomen.com. The Index to Transactions (Please scroll down) GENERAL INDEX Advertising puffs of early patentees, VI, 78 TRANSACTIONS, VOLS. I-XXXII Aeolipyle. Notes on the aeolipyle and the Marquis of Worcester's engine, by C.F.D. Marshall, XXIII, 133-4; of Philo of 1920-1960 Byzantium, 2*; of Hero of Alexandria, 11; 45-58* XVI, 4-5*; XXX, 15, 20 An asterisk denotes an illustrated article Aerodynamical laboratory, founding of, XXVII, 3 Aborn and Jackson, wood screw factory of, XXII, 84 Aeronautics. Notes on Sir George Cayley as a pioneer of aeronautics, paper J.E. Acceleration, Leonardo's experiments with Hodgson, 111, 69-89*; early navigable falling bodies, XXVIII, 117; trials of the balloons, 73: Cayley's work on airships, 75- G.E.R. -
50 Years of the Automobile at the 1935 and 1936 Berlin Auto Shows
Racing and the Racing and the Motorization of Motorization of the German People the German People: 50 Years of the Automobile at the 1935 32 and 1936 Berlin Auto Shows Julia Grosse-Boerger Faculty 9: Cultural Studies, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show how the National Socialist regime participated in popular commercial events such as trade fairs in order to posture their propaganda. I demonstrate how the inter-trade organization and one particular company – Daimler-Benz AG – tailored their advertising to the communication strategies used by the Nazi regime. Methodology – This case study is based on the archival records of Daimler AG. The way in which the 50th anniversary of the automobile was staged at the Berlin Motor Shows of 1935 and 1936 is read as part of the communication strategies of the German automotive industry, as well as of the Nazi regime. Findings – This paper shows how intimately connected the 50th anniversary of the automobile was to the themes of racing and motorization. The automobile as a German invention had the potential to reconcile the motorization of the German people – a sign of modernity – with the blood and soil ideology of the Nazis. The Berlin Auto Show became an important platform for this project. The paper also shows how Daimler-Benz’s approach should be read differently. Originality/value – The article sheds new light on the interaction between and interdependence of one particular company’s – Daimler-Benz AG’s – communication strategies and those of the Nazi regime. Furthermore, the 50th anniversary of the automobile, celebrated at the auto show in Berlin, provides a good to add exhibitions to of advertising history of the 1930th Germany. -
History of the Internal Combustion Engine
1 2 THE HISTORY OF THE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Sorin RAŢIU1 1UNIVERSITY « POLITEHNICA » TIMIŞAORA FACULTY OF ENGINEERING HUNEDOARA ABSTRACT The article presents a brief outline of the history of the internal combustion engine industry. Engine design and car design were integral activities, almost all of the engine designers mentioned in the article also designed cars, and a few went on to become major manufacturers of automobiles. All of these inventors and more made notable improvements in the evolution of the internal combustion vehicles. KEYWORDS history, internal combustion engine 1. INTRODUCTION An internal combustion engine is any engine that uses the explosive combustion of fuel to push a piston within a cylinder - the piston's movement turns a crankshaft that then turns the car wheels via a chain or a drive shaft. The different types of fuel commonly used for car combustion engines are gasoline (or petrol), diesel, and kerosene. Many people claimed the invention of the internal combustion engine in the 1860's, but only one has the patent on the four stroke operating sequence. In 1867, Nikolaus August Otto, a German engineer, developed the four-stroke "Otto" cycle, which is widely used in transportation even today. Otto developed the four-stroke internal combustion engine when he was 34 years old. The Diesel Engine came about in 1892 by another German engineer, Rudolph Diesel. The Diesel engine is designed heavier and more powerful than gasoline engines and utilizes oil as fuel. Diesel engines are a commonly used in heavy machinery, locomotives, ships, and some automobiles. It is important to mention that the basic operating principles of these engines have been around for more than a hundred years and they are still in place. -
How the Museum Saw the Motorcar?
How the Motor Museum Saw the Automobile: Curating the Automobile as Commodity, as Design and as Social History in Germany and Austria in the 20th Century from National Identity to Mobility. Thesis - submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Leicester by Pál Négyesi School of Museum Studies University of Leicester October 2018 1 Abstract How the motor museum saw the automobile: Curating the automobile as commodity, as design and as social history in Germany and Austria in the 20th century – from national identity to mobility. The automobile has defined the 20th century. It has brought along radical changes in mobility, altered the landscape, transformed communities and everyday life. Although this complex object has been shown in museums for over a century, an in-depth academic study which looks at the different institutions and changing curatorial practices around the automobile has been lacking. This thesis charts the evolution of the motor museum in Germany and Austria. Here the motor museum is being defined as a museum where automobiles are displayed. It includes science, technical, industrial museums, local history museums and company museums. This thesis draws upon the work of Lubar (Lubar&Kingery,1993) and Divall (Divall&Scott,2001) in order to conceptualise the car as a museum object and as an object of material culture. With the help of fifteen case studies it analyses the different type of museums, their development, their curatorial practices and their permanent and temporary exhibitions, in order to understand the different roles the automobile has played (and is playing) in these institutions. -
History and Evolution of Automobiles 3
1 History and Evolution Unit of Automobiles INTRODUCTION You must have heard the word automobile. The meaning of automobile can be an auto car, motor car or car. It is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transporting goods or passengers, which also carries its own engine or motor. The word automobile comes from the ancient Greek word αὐτός (autós, meaning ‘self’) and the Latin word mobilis (movable), therefore automobile means a vehicle that moves itself. The alternative name, ‘car’ is believed to have originated from the Latin word carrus or carrum (wheeled vehicle), or the Middle English word carre (cart) (from Old North French). These words in turn are said to have originated from the Gaulish word karros (a Gallic chariot). Most definitions of the term specify that automobiles are designed to run primarily on roads, have seating for one or more people, typically have four wheels and are constructed principally for the transport of people and goods. In this Unit, you will understand the concept of a wheel and the role of a wheel cart. You will also learn the various stages of development over several hundred Unit 1.indd 1 3/11/2021 12:00:33 PM years that made possible the invention of an automobile as we know it today. SESSION 1: INVENTION OF WHEEL The wheel is considered as one of the most important mechanical inventions of all times. The wheel has been used by man since the beginning of civilisation. Most primitive technologies since the invention of the wheel have been based on its principles. -
Automobile (Magazine)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For the magazine, see Automobile (magazine). "Car" and "Cars" redirect here. For other uses, see Car (disambiguation) and Cars (disambiguation). Automobile Benz "Velo" model (1894) by German inventorCarl Benz – entered into an early automobile race as a motocycle[1][2] Classification Vehicle Industry Various Application Transportation Fuel source Gasoline, Diesel, Electric,Hydrogen, Solar energy Powered Yes Self-propelled Yes Wheels 3–4 Axles 1–2 Inventor Ferdinand Verbiest Vehicles in use per country from 2001 to 2007. It shows the significant growth in BRIC. World map of passenger cars per 1000 people An automobile, autocar, motor car or car is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transporting passengers, which also carries its own engine or motor. Most definitions of the term specify that automobiles are designed to run primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to typically have four wheels, and to be constructed principally for the transport of people rather than goods.[3] The year 1886 is regarded the year of birth of the modern automobile - with the Benz Patent- Motorwagen, by German inventor Karl Benz. Motorized wagons soon replaced animal- drafted carriages, especially after automobiles became affordable for many people when the Ford Model T was introduced in 1908. The term motorcar has formerly also been used in the context of electrified rail systems to denote a car which functions as a small locomotive but also provides space for passengers and baggage. These locomotive cars