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La Presse Clandestine En Belgique Occupée Pendant La Première Guerre Mondiale
Université Catholique de Louvain Faculté de Philosophie et Lettres Département d’Histoire Les “soldats de la plume” : La presse clandestine en Belgique occupée pendant la Première Guerre mondiale. Promoteur : Laurence Van Ypersele Mémoire présenté par François Hirsch En vue de l’obtention du grade de licencié en histoire Année académique 2005-2006 2 La presse clandestine belge représente une véritable mine d’or pour l’historiographie de la Première Guerre mondiale. En effet, ce phénomène urbain, voire bruxellois, et francophone saisit d’un angle nouveau la “culture de guerre” qui anime la population belge occupée. Créée pour combattre les nouvelles décourageantes de sa consœur censurée, la presse clandestine soutient les déprimés et les hésitants. Dans ce but, elle informe les Belges des méfaits et violations dont l’Allemagne s’est et se rend toujours coupable, et incite la population à faire preuve de courage, de patience et d’optimisme, bref de patriotisme. Elle condamne tout contact avec l’ennemi, dont elle dénonce les crimes, et entretient l’esprit d’insoumission et de résistance morale. Au-delà de la diversité des points de vue, nous avons aperçu, au sein de cette communauté de pensée, la même foi dans le triomphe du Droit et de la Civilisation, la même passion pour la Liberté, la Paix et la Justice, la même haine de la barbarie, des crimes et des mensonges et la même volonté d’anéantir la Kultur allemande et de débarrasser le monde du militarisme prussien. 3 Tout d’abord, nous tenons à remercier sincèrement Mme. Van Ypersele pour son écoute attentive et ses précieux conseils. -
APPENDIX Belgian and Polish Governments and Ministers Responsible for Education (
APPENDIX Belgian and Polish Governments and Ministers Responsible for Education ( Table A.1. Belgian governments and ministers responsible for education Minister Responsible Government Political Profi le Beginning End for Education Gérard Catholic, liberal, 31.05.1918 13.11.1918 Charles de Broqueville Cooreman socialist 21.11.1918 – 20.11.1918 Léon Catholic, liberal, 21.11.1918 17.11.1919 Charles de Broqueville Delacroix socialist 21.11.1918 – 02.12.1919 Léon Catholic, liberal, 02.12.1919 25.10.1920 Jules Renkin Delacroix socialist 02.12.1919 – 02.06.1920 Henri Jaspar 02.06.1920 – 19.11.1920 Henri Carton Catholic, liberal, 20.11.1920 19.10.1921 Henri Carton de Wiart de Wiart socialist 20.11.1920 – 23.10.1921 Henri Carton Catholic, liberal 24.10.1921 20.11.1921 Henri Carton de Wiart de Wiart 24.10.1921 – 20.11.1921 Georges Catholic, liberal 16.12.1921 27.02.1924 Paul Berryer Theunis 16.12.1921 – 10.03.1924 Georges Catholic, liberal 11.03.1924 05.04.1925 Paul Berryer Theunis 11.03.1924 – 05.04.1925 Aloys Van Catholic 13.05.1925 22.05.1925 de Vyvere Prosper Catholic, 17.06.1925 11.05.1926 Camille Huysmans Poullet socialist 17.06.1925 – 11.05.1926 Henri Jaspar Catholic, liberal, 20.05.1926 21.11.1927 Camille Huysmans socialist 20.05.1926 – 22.11.1927 This open access edition has been made available under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license thanks to the support of Centre for Contemporary and Digital History at the University of Luxembourg. Not for resale. -
The Belgian Federal Parliament
The Belgian Federal Parliament Welcome to the Palace of the Nation PUBLISHED BY The Belgian House of Representatives and Senate EDITED BY The House Department of Public Relations The Senate Department of Protocol, Reception & Communications PICTURES Guy Goossens, Kevin Oeyen, Kurt Van den Bossche and Inge Verhelst, KIK-IRPA LAYOUT AND PRINTING The central printing offi ce of the House of Representatives July 2019 The Federal Parliament The Belgian House of Representatives and Senate PUBLISHED BY The Belgian House of Representatives and Senate EDITED BY The House Department of Public Relations The Senate Department of Protocol, Reception & Communications PICTURES This guide contains a concise description of the workings Guy Goossens, Kevin Oeyen, Kurt Van den Bossche and Inge Verhelst, KIK-IRPA of the House of Representatives and the Senate, LAYOUT AND PRINTING and the rooms that you will be visiting. The central printing offi ce of the House of Representatives The numbers shown in the margins refer to points of interest July 2019 that you will see on the tour. INTRODUCTION The Palace of the Nation is the seat of the federal parliament. It is composed of two chambers: the House of Representatives and the Senate. The House and the Senate differ in terms of their composition and competences. 150 representatives elected by direct universal suffrage sit in the House of Representatives. The Senate has 60 members. 50 senators are appointed by the regional and community parliaments, and 10 senators are co-opted. The House of Representatives and the Senate are above all legislators. They make laws. The House is competent for laws of every kind. -
The Lion, the Rooster, and the Union: National Identity in the Belgian Clandestine Press, 1914-1918
THE LION, THE ROOSTER, AND THE UNION: NATIONAL IDENTITY IN THE BELGIAN CLANDESTINE PRESS, 1914-1918 by MATTHEW R. DUNN Submitted to the Department of History of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for departmental honors Approved by: _________________________ Dr. Andrew Denning _________________________ Dr. Nathan Wood _________________________ Dr. Erik Scott _________________________ Date Abstract Significant research has been conducted on the trials and tribulations of Belgium during the First World War. While amateur historians can often summarize the “Rape of Belgium” and cite nationalism as a cause of the war, few people are aware of the substantial contributions of the Belgian people to the war effort and their significance, especially in the historical context of Belgian nationalism. Relatively few works have been written about the underground press in Belgium during the war, and even fewer of those works are scholarly. The Belgian underground press attempted to unite the country's two major national identities, Flemings and Walloons, using the German occupation as the catalyst to do so. Belgian nationalists were able to momentarily unite the Belgian people to resist their German occupiers by publishing pro-Belgian newspapers and articles. They relied on three pillars of identity—Catholic heritage, loyalty to the Belgian Crown, and anti-German sentiment. While this expansion of Belgian identity dissipated to an extent after WWI, the efforts of the clandestine press still serve as an important framework for the development of national identity today. By examining how the clandestine press convinced members of two separate nations, Flanders and Wallonia, to re-imagine their community to the nation of Belgium, historians can analyze the successful expansion of a nation in a war-time context. -
Le Peuple, La Libre Belgique En Le Soir in 1938-1940
Pieter Van Loo Academiejaar: 2009-2010 Antisemitisme in de Belgische Franstalige pers ? Le Peuple, La Libre Belgique en Le Soir in 1938-1940. Onderzoek tot het behalen van de graad van master in de geschiedenis Promotor: Prof. Dr. Herman Van Goethem Inhoudstafel: 1. Inleiding p. 2 2. Algemene context; Antisemitisme en Pers p. 4 2.1. Antisemitisme p. 4 2.2. Beeld van Joden in de pers p. 5 3. Antisemitisme in Le Soir, La Libre Belgique en Le Peuple? p. 7 3.1. Situering van de onderzochte kranten p. 7 3.1.1. Le Soir p. 7 3.1.2. La Libre Belgique p. 7 3.1.3. Le Peuple p. 7 3.2.Het jaar 1938 p. 8 3.2.1. Januari tot november p. 8 3.2.2. De Kristalnacht p. 15 3.3. Het jaar 1939 p. 19 3.3.1. Januari tot mei p. 19 3.3.2. Aankomst van de Sint-Louis tot december p. 21 3.4. Het jaar 1940 p. 26 4. Besluit p. 28 5. Bijlagen p. 31 6. Bibliografie p. 48 1 1. Inleiding De periode tussen de twee wereldoorlogen werd gekenmerkt door instabiliteit: grote economische, politieke en sociale spanningen domineerden deze twee decennia. Gelijktijdig was er ook een zeer sterke stijging van het antisemitisme, en dit over heel Europa. Het komt voor dat de hevigheid van de anti-Joodse gevoelens gekoppeld was aan de economische en politieke conjunctuur: een verslechtering in de economische toestand lijkt verbonden met een verhoging van antisemitische gevoelens onder de bevolking.1 Ook in België was er gedurende het Interbellum een antisemitische agitatie, vooral door de opkomende rechtse politieke bewegingen. -
The London School of Economics and Political Science
The London School of Economics and Political Science «Les Belles Années du Plan»? Hendrik de Man and the Reinvention of Western European Socialism, 1914-36 ca. Tommaso Milani A thesis submitted to the Department of International History of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, September 2017. 1 DECLARATION I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgment is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 99,843 words. 2 ABSTRACT The thesis discusses the trajectory of the Belgian socialist thinker and activist Hendrik de Man (1885-1953) between 1914 and 1936 ca, with particular attention to his endeavours to renew Western European social democracy after the Great War. The first half of the thesis deals with de Man’s theoretical evolution. Having become convinced of the inadequacy of orthodox Marxism as a conceptual framework for the Left while serving as soldier and diplomat during WWI, de Man sought to overcome the split between reformism and revolutionary socialism by developing an ethical conception of socialism outlined in the book Zur Psychologie des Sozialismus (1926) and, subsequently, by elaborating planism, a democratic socialist ideology supposedly more in tune with the socio-economic conditions of the 1930s. -
The Iwma in Belgium (1865–1875)
chapter 9 The iwma in Belgium (1865–1875) Jean Puissant Translation from the French by Angèle David-Guillou From the first histories of socialism in Belgium, written initially by militants then by professional historians from the 1950s, the International Working Men’s Association (iwma) has been presented as a founding moment, or at least as an important one, in the evolution towards the creation of the Belgium labour party, Parti ouvrier belge (pob) in 1885, and later on that of its succes- sors – the Belgium socialist party, psb-bsp in 1945 and the current socialist parties, the French-speaking ps and the Dutch-speaking sp/ao. One hundred years after the creation of the pob, in 1985, most of the socialist federations still traced the origin of their party back to the iwma. This extremely linear genealogical approach had given way to a historiographic tradition that was only challenged in 2000.1 A new wave of historical research in the years 1950 to 1980 produced numerous studies, including substantial publications of source materials2 which, combined with the general histories of the iwma, formed an excep- tional body of original documents – a rare thing in the field of the history of social organisations. If the harvest was not as fruitful in the following years,3 our general understanding of the subject was refined by biographies.4 Finally, through abundant cross-studies, the work of Freddy Joris helped us understand why the Verviers regional federation – a wool world centre at the time – had been the most important federation and survived the longest of all. -
175-25-Bel Bon .Indd
François-Xavier Nève ans HISTOIREAU SERVICEDES SERVICES PUBLICS DE EN TOUSBELGIQUE 1831 1832 1833 1830 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 18511 18527 1853 1854 18555 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 18621866 1863 18671864 1865 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 18941906 1895 18961907 1897 1908 1898 1 1899909 1 1910900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 2926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 19891991 19 199290 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 François-Xavier Nève 175 ans au service de tous Histoire des services publics en Belgique Avec des illustrations de Johan De Moor, François Waltéry et Henri Defresne Les Éditions de lʼUniversité de Liège 175 ans au service de tous 2 Les Éditions de lʼUniversité de Liège 31, Boulevard Frère-Orban 4000 Liège (Belgique) E-mail : [email protected] http : // www.editulg.ulg.ac.be © 2005 Imprimé en Belgique Couverture Créacom / Illustration Henri Defresne D/2005/8886/14 ISBN 2-87456-009-x 3 Avant-propos du Ministre Christian Dupont La Belgique est un pays jeune, né dans lʼélan romantique et révolutionnaire des années 1830. -
Archief Van De Federale Overheidsdienst Kanselarij Van De Eerste Minister
ALGEMEEN RIJKSARCHIEF EN RIJKSARCHIEF IN DE PROVINCIËN ARCHIVES GENERALES DU ROYAUME ET ARCHIVES DE L’ETAT DANS LES PROVINCES ARCHIEFBEHEERSPLANNEN EN SELECTIELIJSTEN TABLEAUX DE GESTION ET TABLEAUX DE TRI 21 ARCHIEF VAN DE FEDERALE OVERHEIDSDIENST KANSELARIJ VAN DE EERSTE MINISTER VOORBEREIDEND STUDIEDOSSIER VAN DE ARCHIEFSELECTIELIJST 2008 door Guy COPPIETERS Brussel 2008 ARCHIEF VAN DE FOD KANSELARIJ VAN DE EERSTE MINISTER VOORBEREIDEND STUDIEDOSSIER VAN DE ARCHIEFSELECTIELIJST 2008 door Guy COPPIETERS Brussel 2008 4 WOORD VOORAF Bij het opstellen van deze archiefselectielijst kon ik rekenen op de hulp en de medewerking van tal van personen die ik hier graag wil bedanken. Mijn dank gaat in de eerste plaats uit naar de heer Karel Velle, Algemeen Rijksarchivaris, en naar mevrouw Rolande Depoortere, hoofd van de afdeling Toezicht, advisering en coördinatie van verwerving en selectie van het Algemeen Rijksarchief. Zij vertrouwden mij deze opdracht toe, ver- leenden mij de nodige begeleiding en ondersteuning en stonden tenslotte ook in voor de evaluatie van de archiefselectielijst. Ik wil eveneens een oprecht woord van dank richten aan alle in het kader van dit initiatief gecon- tacteerde diensthoofden en personeelsleden van de FOD Kanselarij van de Eerste Minister. Ondanks hun drukke agenda verleenden zij op een constructieve wijze hun medewerking aan de opmaak van de archiefselectielijst. Tijdens mijn talrijke bezoeken gaven ze toelichting bij de archiefvorming, de archiefreeksen en de gehanteerde ordeningsmethodes en adviseerden ze me bij de beslissingen inzake de definitieve bestemming van de archiefbescheiden. Guy Coppieters April 2008 5 INHOUDSTAFEL WOORD VOORAF 5 INHOUDSTAFEL 7 LIJST VAN BRONNEN EN WERKEN 11 LIJST VAN AFKORTINGEN 23 INLEIDING 25 I. -
Crisis of a Nation-State?
Belgium's Mid-Twentieth Century Crisis: Crisis of a Nation-State? MARTIN CONWAY ______________ Fellow and Tutor in Modern History, Balliol College – University of Oxford When was Belgium? Nations, as historians are rightly at pains to emphasise, are not eternal entities but communities bounded by time as well as space.1 The temporal boundaries of the Belgian nation have been the subject of de- bate since at least the time of Pirenne, but that debate has acquired a new prominence in recent years as older and newer generations of historians have focused their attention on the origins, contours and eventual crises of the Bel- gian nation-state (Morelli, 1995; Wils, 1995; Deprez & Vos, 1998; Stengers, 2000; Stengers & Gubin, 2002). The reasons for this renewed interest are not difficult to discern. The profound, and probably incomplete, transformation of Belgium into a federal or confederal entity since the end of the 1960s has for the first time made the Belgian nation-state a finite and therefore em- phatically historical subject. Though political scientists rightly continue to investigate the manifold complexities (and future prospects) of the contempo- rary Belgian polity (e.g. Delwit, 2003), it seems undeniable that the project that was the Belgian nation-state now possesses not only a beginning and a heyday but also an end. For historians of post-1830 Belgium, this should be regarded as a liberation. Instead of being called upon to provide their expert testimony at the interminable trials of the late twentieth-century Belgian state, they are free to investigate the dynamics that gave rise to that state and which sustained it over the more than one hundred years of its existence. -
Orbis En Orion Uitgevers NV, Vennootschap Voor Het Uitgeven Van Boeken En Tijdschriften NV En Rechtsvoorgangers
BE-A0512_106563_104503_DUT Inventaris van het conglomeraatarchief van Orbis en Orion Uitgevers NV, Vennootschap voor het Uitgeven van Boeken en Tijdschriften NV en rechtsvoorgangers Het Rijksarchief in België Archives de l'État en Belgique Das Staatsarchiv in Belgien State Archives in Belgium This finding aid is written in Dutch. 2 Orbis en Orion BESCHRIJVING VAN HET ARCHIEF:...................................................................11 Raadpleging en gebruik.................................................................................12 Voorwaarden voor de raadpleging.............................................................12 Voorwaarden voor de reproductie..............................................................12 Toegangen..................................................................................................12 Toelichting bij het gebruik..........................................................................12 Geschiedenis van archiefvormer en archief...................................................14 Archiefvormer............................................................................................14 Naam......................................................................................................14 Geschiedenis van de archiefvormers.....................................................14 Ontwikkeling, activiteiten en organisatie van Orbis en Orion Uitgevers NV.......................................................................................................14 Ontwikkeling, activiteiten -
Les Exilés Belges En France
Les exilés belges en France Histoires oubliées 1914 -1918 Photo de couverture: © Association La Chartreuse de Neuville Couverture: Dominique Hambye Mise en pages: MC Compo Toutes reproductions ou adaptations d’un extrait quelconque de ce livre, par quelque procédé que ce soit, réservées pour tous pays. © Éditions Racine, 2017 Tour & Taxis, Entrepôt royal 86C, avenue du Port, BP 104A • B-1000 Bruxelles www.racine.be D. 2017, 6852. 2 Dépôt légal: mars 2017 ISBN 978-2-39025-004-3 Imprimé aux Pays-Bas PRÉAMBULE « Il faut longtemps pour que resurgisse à la mémoire ce qui a été effacé. » Patrick Modiano, Dora Bruder Ce sont les vainqueurs qui écrivent l’histoire des guerres, tout au moins dans un premier temps. Ils glorifient les combattants et leurs chefs et plus particulièrement ceux qui sont morts au combat; mais des civils, qui en parle? S’agissant des Belges, il faut pourtant distinguer ceux du Dedans 1, qui ont souffert de la guerre, de l’Occupation et de ses sévices, du froid et de la faim, et ceux du Dehors 2 qui ont connu l’exil, l’isole- ment, le manque de nouvelles du pays et parfois des rejets xéno- phobes. Quand ils sont rentrés au pays, entre mars et juin 1919, les réfugiés belges ont été mal reçus et traités de fuyards et d’assistés. Ils se sont sentis coupables de n’avoir pas souffert avec leurs compa- triotes et se sont tus. Les célébrations du centenaire de la Grande Guerre permettent de mettre enfin la lumière sur eux, de les sortir de l’ombre et de raconter leur vie active en exil.