APPENDIX Belgian and Polish Governments and Ministers Responsible for Education (

Table A.1. Belgian governments and ministers responsible for education Minister Responsible Government Political Proﬁ le Beginning End for Education Gérard Catholic, liberal, 31.05.1918 13.11.1918 Charles de Broqueville Cooreman socialist 21.11.1918 – 20.11.1918 Léon Catholic, liberal, 21.11.1918 17.11.1919 Charles de Broqueville Delacroix socialist 21.11.1918 – 02.12.1919 Léon Catholic, liberal, 02.12.1919 25.10.1920 Jules Renkin Delacroix socialist 02.12.1919 – 02.06.1920 Henri Jaspar 02.06.1920 – 19.11.1920 Henri Carton Catholic, liberal, 20.11.1920 19.10.1921 Henri Carton de Wiart de Wiart socialist 20.11.1920 – 23.10.1921 Henri Carton Catholic, liberal 24.10.1921 20.11.1921 Henri Carton de Wiart de Wiart 24.10.1921 – 20.11.1921 Georges Catholic, liberal 16.12.1921 27.02.1924 Paul Berryer Theunis 16.12.1921 – 10.03.1924 Georges Catholic, liberal 11.03.1924 05.04.1925 Paul Berryer Theunis 11.03.1924 – 05.04.1925 Aloys Van Catholic 13.05.1925 22.05.1925 de Vyvere Prosper Catholic, 17.06.1925 11.05.1926 Camille Huysmans Poullet socialist 17.06.1925 – 11.05.1926 Henri Jaspar Catholic, liberal, 20.05.1926 21.11.1927 Camille Huysmans socialist 20.05.1926 – 22.11.1927

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Minister Responsible Government Political Proﬁ le Beginning End for Education Henri Jaspar Catholic, liberal 22.11.1927 21.05.1931 Albert Carnoy 22.11.1927 – 19.10.1929 Henri Baels 20.10.1929 – 21.05.1931 Jules Renkin Catholic, liberal 06.06.1931 18.05.1932 Jules Renkin 15.06.1931 – 27.02.1932 Henri Carton de Tournai 27.02.1932 – 23.05.1932 Jules Renkin Catholic, liberal 23.05.1932 18.10.1932 Henri Carton de Tournai 23.05.1932 – 22.10.1932 Charles de Catholic, liberal 22.10.1932 13.12.1932 Prosper Poullet Broqueville 22.10.1932 – 13.12.1932 Charles de Catholic, liberal 17.12.1932 06.06.1934 Maurice August Lippens Broqueville 17.12.1932 – 12.06.1934 Charles de Catholic, liberal 12.06.1934 13.11.1934 Victor Maistriau Broqueville 12.06.1934 – 13.11.1934 Georges Catholic, liberal 20.11.1934 19.03.1935 Jules Hiernaux Theunis 20.11.1934 – 25.03.1935 Paul Van Catholic, liberal, 25.03.1935 26.05.1936 François Bovesse Zeeland socialist 25.03.1935 – 13.06.1936 Paul Van Catholic, liberal, 13.06.1936 25.10.1937 Julius Hoste Zeeland socialist 13.06.1936 – 23.11.1937 Paul-Émile liberal, Catholic, 24.11.1937 13.05.1938 Julius Hoste Janson socialist 24.11.1936 – 14.05.1938 Paul-Henri socialist, Catho- 15.05.1938 09.02.1939 Octave Dierckx Spaak lic, liberal 15.05.1938 – 09.02.1939 Hubert Catholic, so- 22.02.1939 27.02.1939 Edgard Blancquaert Pierlot cialist 22.02.1939 – 15.04.1939 Hubert Catholic, liberal, 16.04.1939 17.04.1939 Edgard Blancquaert Pierlot socialist 16.04.1939 – 17.04.1939 Hubert Catholic, liberal 18.04.1939 03.09.1939 Jules Duesberg Pierlot 18.04.1939 – 03.09.1939 Hubert Catholic, liberal, 03.09.1939 28.05.1940 Jules Duesberg Pierlot socialist (continued 03.09.1939 – 05.01.1940 as gov- Eugène Soudan ernment 05.01.1940 – 28.05.1940 in exile in Great Britain until 21.09.1944)

Source: Dumoulin, Gerard, Van Den Wĳngaert and Dujardin, Nieuwe Geschiedenis, 1111; Van Molle, Het Belgische parlement.

Table A.2. Polish governments and ministers responsible for education Minister Responsible Government Political Proﬁ le Beginning End for Education Jędrzej centre-le interim 17.11.1918 16.01.1919 Ksawery Prauss Moraczewski government 17.11.1918 – 16.01.1919 Ignacy Jan ‘grand coalition’, 16.01.1919 09.12.1919 Jan Łukasiewicz Paderewski socialist, agrarian, 16.01.1919 – 09.12.1919 conservative and right-wing national democrats Leopold government sup- 13.12.1919 09.06.1920 Tadeusz Łopuszański Skulski ported by Józef 13.12.1919 – 22.06.1920 Piłsudski, then ‘Chief of State’, without stable parliamentary majority Władysław centre-right gov- 23.06.1920 24.07.1920 Tadeusz Łopuszański Grabski ernment, national 23.06.1920 – 24.07.1920 democrats with centrist agrarians Wincenty war govern- 24.07.1920 13.09.1921 Maciej Rataj Witos ment during the 24.07.1920 – 13.09.1921 Polish-Soviet war, grand coalition led by centrist agrarian party Antoni so called ‘Cabinet 19.09.1921 05.03.1922 Antoni Ponikowski Ponikowski of Experts’ 19.09.1921 – 09.03.1922 supported by centre-right political parties Antoni so called ‘Cabinet 10.03.1922 06.06.1922 Antoni Ponikowski Ponikowski of Experts’ 10.03.1922 – 06.06.1922 supported by centre-le political parties Artur cabinet nominated 28.06.1922 07.07.1922 Julian Nowak Śliwiński by Józef Piłsudski, 28.06.1922 – 07.07.1922 then ‘Chief of State’, without stable parliamentary majority

Minister Responsible Government Political Proﬁ le Beginning End for Education Julian cabinet nominated 31.07.1922 14.12.1922 Julian Nowak Nowak by Józef Piłsudski, 31.07.1922 – 21.08.1922 then ‘Chief of Kazimierz Władysław State’, without Kumaniecki stable parliamen- 21.08.1922 – 14.12.1922 tary majority Władysław centrist govern- 19.12.1922 26.05.1923 Józef Sikorski ment formed a er Mikułowski-Pomorski the assassination of 19.12.1922 – 26.05.1923 the president of the Republic, Gabriel Narutowicz, without stable parliamentary majority Wincenty government 28.05.1923 14.12.1923 Stanisław Głąbiński Witos formed by the 28.05.1923 – 14.09.1923 leader of the cen- Stanisław Grabski trist agrarian party 27.10.1923 – 14.12.1923 and the right-wing national democratic movement Władysław centre-right 19.12.1923 14.11.1925 Bolesław Grabski government of spe- Miklaszewski cialists supported 19.12.1923 – 11.12.1924 by Christian- Jan Wiktor Zawidzki democratic, (Acting) national demo- 11.12.1924 – 25.03.1925 cratic and centrist Stanisław Grabski agrarian parties 25.03.1925 – 19.11.1925 Aleksander ‘grand coalition’, 20.11.1925 05.05.1926 Stanisław Grabski Skrzyński Christian- 20.11.1925 – 09.05.1926 democratic, centrist agrarian, right-wing national democratic and socialist parties Wincenty centre-right gov- 10.05.1926 14.05.1926 Stanisław Grabski Witos ernment supported 10.05.1926 – 15.05.1926 by Christian- democratic, national democratic and centrist agrarian parties

(continued)

Minister Responsible Government Political Proﬁ le Beginning End for Education Coup d’état government run 15.05.1926 (przewrót by politicians majowy) supporting the leading role of Józef Piłsudski Kazimierz Polish Socialist 15.05.1926 04.06.1926 Józef Bartel Party Mikułowski-Pomorski 15.05.1926 – 07.06.1926 Kazimierz Polish Socialist 08.06.1926 24.09.1926 Józef Bartel Party Mikułowski-Pomorski 08.06.1926 – 07.07.1926 Antoni Sujkowski 07.07.1926 – 26.09.1926 Kazimierz Polish Socialist 27.09.1926 30.09.1926 Antoni Sujkowski Bartel Party 27.09.1926 – 30.09.1926 Józef Polish Socialist 02.10.1926 27.06.1928 Kazimierz Bartel Piłsudski Party 02.10.1926 – 09.01.1927 Gustaw Dobrucki 09.01.1927 – 27.06.1928 Kazimierz Bezpartyjny Blok 28.06.1928 13.04.1929 Kazimierz Świtalski Bartel Współpracy z 26.06.1928 – 13.04.1929 Rządem (The Nonpartisan Bloc for Coop- eration with the Government)* Kazimierz The Nonpartisan 13.04.1929 17.12.1929 Sławomir Czerwiński Świtalski Bloc for Coop- 16.06.1929 – 28.12.1929 eration with the Government Kazimierz The Nonpartisan 29.12.1929 17.03.1930 Sławomir Czerwiński Bartel Bloc for Coop- 29.12.1929 – 28.03.1930 eration with the Government Walery The Nonpartisan 29.03.1930 23.08.1930 Sławomir Czerwiński Sławek Bloc for Coop- 29.03.1930 – 24.08.1930 eration with the Government Józef The Nonpartisan 25.08.1930 04.12.1930 Sławomir Czerwiński Piłsudski Bloc for Coop- 25.08.1930 – 04.12.1930 eration with the Government

Minister Responsible Government Political Proﬁ le Beginning End for Education Walery The Nonpartisan 05.12.1930 25.05.1931 Sławomir Czerwiński Sławek Bloc for Coop- 05.12.1930 – 27.05.1931 eration with the Government Aleksander The Nonpartisan 28.05.1931 09.05.1933 Sławomir Czerwiński Prystor Bloc for Coop- 28.05.1931 – 04.08.1931 eration with the Janusz Jędrzejewicz Government 12.08.1931 – 09.05.1933 Janusz The Nonpartisan 10.05.1933 16.05.1934 Janusz Jędrzejewicz Jędrzejewicz Bloc for Coop- 10.05.1933 – 23.02.1934 eration with the Wacław Jędrzejewicz Government 23.02.1934 – 16.05.1934 Leon The Nonpartisan 16.05.1934 22.03.1935 Wacław Jędrzejewicz Kozłowski Bloc for Coop- 16.05.1934 – 22.03.1935 eration with the Government Walery The Nonpartisan 23.03.1935 14.10.1935 Wacław Jędrzejewicz Sławek Bloc for Coop- 23.03.1935 – 12.10.1935 eration with the Government Marian Zyn- The Nonpartisan 14.10.1935 16.05.1936 Konstanty Chyliński dram-Koś- Bloc for Coop- 13.10.1935 – 05.12.1935 ciałkowski eration with the Wojciech Alojzy Government Świętosławski 05.12.1935 – 30.09.1939 Felicjan A government led 16.05.1936 30.10.1939 Wojciech Alojzy Sławoj by the Camp of Świętosławski Składkowski National Unity 05.12.1935 – 30.09.1939 seeking the support of radicalized national democrats

* The Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government was an organization supporting the leading role of Józef Piłsudski and ‘a means of consolidating the military’s control over the political life of Poland’ (Prażmowska, Poland, 122). Source: Eckert, Historia polityczna Polski.

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